reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
she_o know_v she_o will_v starve_v for_o no_o person_n thereafter_o will_v either_o give_v her_o meat_n or_o lodging_n and_o that_o all_o man_n will_v beat_v she_o and_o hound_n dog_n at_o she_o and_o that_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o she_o weep_v most_o bitter_o and_o upon_o her_o knee_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v to_o what_o she_o say_v another_o tell_v i_o that_o she_o be_v afraid_a the_o devil_n will_v challenge_v a_o right_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o servant_n and_o will_v haunt_v she_o as_o the_o minister_n say_v when_o he_o be_v desire_v she_o to_o confess_v and_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o die_v and_o real_o minister_n be_v ofttimes_o indiscreet_a in_o their_o zeal_n to_o have_v poor_a creature_n to_o confess_v in_o this_o and_o i_o recommend_v to_o judge_n that_o the_o wise_a minister_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o they_o and_o those_o who_o be_v send_v shall_v be_v cautious_a in_o this_o vi_o many_o of_o they_o confess_v thing_n which_o all_o divine_n conclude_v impossible_a as_o transmutation_n of_o their_o body_n into_o beast_n and_o money_n into_o stone_n and_o their_o go_v through_o wall_n and_o close_o door_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o ridiculous_a thing_n which_o have_v no_o truth_n nor_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o fancy_n vii_o the_o accuser_n here_o be_v master_n or_o neighbour_n who_o have_v their_o child_n dead_a and_o be_v engage_v by_o grief_n to_o suspect_v these_o poor_a creature_n i_o know_v one_o likewise_o burn_v because_o the_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o she_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o they_o be_v never_o assist_v or_o defend_v by_o their_o relation_n viii_o the_o witness_n and_o assyser_n be_v afraid_a that_o if_o they_o escape_v that_o they_o will_v die_v for_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o take_v a_o unwarrantable_a latitude_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o who_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o country_n assize_n of_o neighbour_n do_v escape_v that_o trial_n ix_o commission_n be_v grant_v ordinary_o to_o gentleman_n and_o other_o in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v suspect_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o who_o be_v not_o exact_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o crime_n which_o be_v so_o debateable_a among_o the_o most_o learned_a nor_o have_v the_o panel_n any_o to_o plead_v for_o they_o and_o to_o take_v notice_n who_o be_v lead_v as_o witness_n so_o that_o many_o be_v admit_v who_o be_v testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la and_o suspect_v and_o albeit_o their_o confession_n be_v send_v to_o and_o advise_v by_o the_o council_n before_o such_o commission_n be_v grant_v yet_o the_o council_n can_v know_v how_o these_o confession_n be_v emit_v nor_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o can_v be_v know_v at_o a_o distance_n very_o many_o of_o these_o poor_a silly_a woman_n do_v reseal_a at_o the_o stake_n from_o the_o confâ—ssions_n they_o emit_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o yet_o have_v die_v very_o penitent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o few_o will_v accuse_v themselves_o or_o confess_v against_o their_o own_o life_n yet_o very_a many_o confess_v this_o crime_n 3._o the_o method_n i_o shall_v use_v in_o treat_v of_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v 1._o upon_o what_o suspicion_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 2._o what_o judge_n be_v competent_a 3._o what_o ditty_n be_v be_v relevant_a 4._o what_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a 5._o what_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o i_o know_v it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o scotland_n not_o only_o that_o magistrate_n do_v apprehend_v witch_n almost_o upon_o any_o dilation_n but_o even_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v likewise_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o keep_v they_o so_o till_o they_o transmit_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n magistrate_n or_o to_o some_o open_a prison_n but_o all_o this_o procedor_fw-la be_v most_o unwarrantable_a for_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v vest_v with_o no_o authority_n shall_v upon_o no_o account_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n apprehend_v any_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o they_o be_v witch_n since_o to_o apprehend_v be_v a_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v no_o prison_n shall_v receive_v any_o as_o suspect_v of_o witchcraft_n until_o they_o know_v that_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o be_v apprehend_v by_o lawful_a authority_n 2._o since_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o punishment_n and_o constant_o attend_v with_o much_o infamy_n to_o the_o name_n and_o detriment_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o he_o who_o be_v imprison_v especial_o in_o witchcraft_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o there_o must_v some_o presumption_n precede_v all_o inquisition_n for_o the_o mean_a degree_n of_o inquisition_n though_o without_o captour_n do_v somewhat_o defame_v and_o that_o the_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v apprehend_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o the_o inquisition_n that_o she_o lie_v under_o either_o many_o or_o pregnant_a suspicion_n such_o as_o that_o she_o be_v defame_v by_o other_o witch_n that_o she_o have_v be_v herself_o of_o a_o evil_a fame_n that_o she_o have_v be_v find_v charm_v or_o that_o the_o ordinary_a instrument_n of_o charm_v be_v find_v in_o her_o house_n and_o according_a to_o delrio_n opinion_n lib._n 5._o sect._n 2._o ad_fw-la assumendas_fw-la informationes_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la levia_fw-la judicia_fw-la sed_fw-la gravia_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la ut_fw-la citetur_fw-la reus_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la judex_fw-la specialiter_fw-la inquirat_fw-la iv._o witchcraft_n be_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kirk-session_n use_v to_o inquire_v into_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o scandal_n and_o to_o take_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n to_o receive_v witness_n against_o they_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o janet_n barker_n and_o margaret_n lawder_n decemb_v 9_o 1643._o but_o since_o so_o much_o weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o deposition_n there_o emit_v kirk-session_n shall_v be_v very_o cautious_a in_o their_o procedor_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n q._n m._n 9_o parl._n 73._o act._n all_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o their_o depute_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v ordain_v to_o execute_v that_o act_n against_o witchcraft_n which_o can_v import_v no_o more_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v concur_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o apprehend_v or_o imprison_v the_o party_n suspect_v but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o they_o may_v concur_v that_o therefore_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o crime_n since_o the_o relevancy_n in_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o so_o intricat_a and_o the_o procedor_fw-la require_v necessary_o so_o much_o arbitrariness_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a that_o these_o consideration_n joint_o shall_v appropriate_v the_o cognition_n thereof_o sole_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n nor_o find_v i_o any_o instance_n wherein_o these_o inferior_a court_n have_v try_v this_o crime_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v ofttimes_o grant_v commission_n to_o countryman_n yet_o that_o seem_v dangerous_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o by_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v appoint_v that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o try_v murder_n and_o yet_o witchcraft_n shall_v be_v so_o try_v by_o commission_n the_o justice_n â—hen_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n in_o witchcraft_n v._o as_o to_o the_o relevancy_n in_o this_o crime_n the_o first_o article_n use_v to_o be_v paction_n to_o serve_v the_o devil_n which_o be_v certain_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la without_o any_o addition_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o inditement_n especial_o in_o that_o of_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 10._o 1661._o and_o by_o delrio_n carpz_n p._n 1._o quest_n 49._o and_o other_o but_o because_o the_o devil_n use_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o man_n when_o he_o desire_v these_o poor_a creature_n to_o serve_v he_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v interrogat_n if_o they_o know_v he_o to_o be_v the_o devil_n when_o they_o condescend_v to_o his_o service_n paction_n with_o the_o devil_n be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n in_o expressum_fw-la &_o tacitum_fw-la a_o express_a and_o tacit_n paction_n express_v paction_n be_v perform_v either_o by_o a_o formal_a promise_n give_v to_o the_o devil_n then_o present_a or_o by_o present_v a_o supplication_n to_o he_o or_o by_o give_v the_o promise_n to_o a_o proxy_n or_o commissioner_n impower_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o that_o effect_n which_o be_v use_v by_o some_o who_o dare_v not_o see_v himself_o the_o formula_fw-la set_v down_o by_o delrio_n be_v i_o deny_v god_n creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o i_o adhere_v to_o
sum_n and_o so_o be_v no_o more_o debtor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n cease_v and_o as_o to_o the_o foresay_a seven_o act_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o make_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o debtor_n absolute_o but_o to_o correct_v the_o 257._o act_n 15._o p._n k._n i._n 6._o whereby_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v receivable_a as_o decisive_a of_o the_o cause_n as_o to_o other_o witness_n our_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o paction_n in_o usury_n be_v either_o extrinsic_a to_o the_o bond_n or_o write_v as_o be_v the_o take_a bud_n or_o bribe_v for_o continue_v a_o sum_n and_o these_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n albeit_o by_o the_o foresay_a 7._o act._n it_o be_v say_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n insert_v but_o paction_n which_o concern_v the_o writ_n itself_o as_o that_o whereby_o more_o be_v promise_v then_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bond_n these_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o witness_n insert_v for_o else_o write_v may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n as_o to_o oath_n of_o party_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a act_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n by_o which_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o justice_n according_o do_v force_v the_o panel_n to_o swear_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n above_o cite_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o civil_a and_o not_o criminal_a case_n for_o that_o act_n say_v that_o litiscontestation_n be_v make_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o receive_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o litiscontestation_n in_o criminal_n go_v this_o act_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o these_o case_n vii_o usury_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o proper_a product_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pecuniae_fw-la but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v punish_v and_o most_o lawyer_n think_v it_o may_v be_v punish_v criminal_o decius_n consil._n 130._o and_o it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la because_o it_o be_v punishable_a civil_o and_o ecclesiastical_o the_o pain_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o obligation_n or_o have_v back_o his_o pledge_n or_o if_o the_o debtor_n conceal_v than_o the_o revealer_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n act_n 222._o k._n i._n 6._o par._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o 248_o act_n p._n 15._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o usurary_n bond_n or_o contract_n shall_v be_v reduce_v and_o be_v reduce_v the_o sum_n shall_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o donator_n and_o the_o party_n to_o have_v repetition_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n pay_v by_o he_o in_o case_n only_o he_o concur_v with_o the_o donator_n in_o the_o reduction_n title_n xxv_o the_o dribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 1._o what_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o our_o law_n punish_v it_o 3._o crimen_fw-la repecundarum_fw-la &_o barratriae_fw-la 4._o whether_o arbiter_n deligat_n or_o assessor_n be_v punishable_a for_o take_v bribe_n 5._o how_o negligent_a judge_n be_v punishable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v good_a law_n if_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o just_a and_o diligent_a person_n as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o exact_a balance_n if_o that_o balance_n be_v not_o put_v in_o a_o good_a hand_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o its_o privilege_n to_o just_a judge_n and_o severe_a in_o punish_v such_o as_o offend_v they_o so_o it_o have_v punish_v with_o the_o same_o rigour_n such_o judge_n as_o transgress_v either_o by_o bribe_v negligence_n or_o partiality_n which_o be_v three_o distinct_a species_n forbid_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o we_o i._o bribe_v be_v the_o take_n of_o money_n or_o other_o good_a deed_n either_o for_o do_v of_o justice_n or_o commit_v of_o unjustice_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o lawyer_n who_o think_v that_o a_o judge_n take_v money_n in_o a_o civil_a cause_n to_o do_v justice_n do_v not_o thereby_o commit_v a_o crime_n but_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o restitution_n menoch_n 2._o arb._n 342._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o sound_v reason_n since_o if_o take_v upon_o any_o term_n be_v allow_v the_o law_n may_v be_v elude_v and_o judge_n will_v be_v thereby_o tempt_v not_o only_o to_o take_v bribe_n but_o to_o take_v pain_n to_o justify_v what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v neither_o prove_v per_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n jul_a repetund_a for_o there_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v non_fw-la excipiet_fw-la quo_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la quid_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la fecerit_fw-la which_o prohibit_v only_o a_o excess_n in_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o do_v justice_n for_o money_n nor_o perl_n 3._o c._n eod_a since_o that_o law_n do_v only_o in_o the_o general_n forbid_v the_o take_n of_o money_n but_o this_o be_v express_o forbid_v l._n 2._o §_o 2_o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v obturp_v cause_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o crime_n but_o the_o punishment_n there_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v litem_fw-la svam_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o skeen_n ad_fw-la stat._n 25._o wil._n say_v that_o non_fw-la licet_fw-la judici_fw-la vendere_fw-la judicium_fw-la justum_fw-la ii_o by_o our_o law_n the_o king_n judge_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v do_v as_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v convict_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o fault_n cap._n 13._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a court_n such_o as_o regality_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v either_o culpable_a or_o remiss_a they_o be_v to_o escheat_n their_o moveable_n and_o their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v or_o in_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n cap._n 14._o ibid._n and_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 5._o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v any_o heritable_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a and_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a lose_v his_o office_n forever_o and_o though_o his_o person_n be_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v only_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n express_v against_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o heritable_a yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o be_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o be_v applicable_a both_o to_o the_o heritable_a judge_n and_o other_o likeas_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o by_o all_o these_o act_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v only_o express_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n competent_a yet_o the_o practica_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a if_o partiality_n be_v commit_v in_o any_o criminal_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v execute_v any_o panel_n upon_o a_o crime_n prove_v only_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_n brother_n or_o other_o inhabile_fw-la witness_n or_o upon_o a_o libel_n which_o be_v palpable_o irrelevant_a in_o these_o and_o in_o such_o other_o criminal_a case_n the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o council_n will_v be_v only_a judge_n competent_a nor_o be_v partiality_n in_o civil_a case_n a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n paena_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la and_o by_o resound_v of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o foresay_a law_n strike_v only_o against_o partiality_n in_o general_a but_o bribe_v be_v express_o discharge_v by_o the_o 25._o chap._n stat._n k._n william_n but_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n there_o express_v and_o therefore_o skeen_n add_v in_o his_o observation_n the_o punishment_n of_o l._n 1._o cum_fw-la aut_fw-la hent_n c._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la judic_fw-la and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 22._o chap._n 1._o stat._n rob._n 1._o all_o judge_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o champart_n either_o for_o give_v defer_v or_o prolong_v of_o justice_n and_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n for_o all_o their_o life_n champart_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v part_n du_fw-fr champ_n a_o part_n of_o any_o land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o
the_o realm_n during_o his_o life-time_n 1._o novem._n 1597._o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o crime_n concern_v only_o his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v because_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n nor_o none_o to_o represent_v he_o do_v not_o concur_v nor_o be_v the_o libel_n raise_v at_o his_o instance_n 20._o july_n 1596._o mr._n james_n leask_n against_o andrew_n red._n title_n xxxiii_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n 1._o how_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n our_o law_n have_v be_v so_o charitable_a as_o to_o provide_v for_o beggar_n by_o special_a statute_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 25._o ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 42._o ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o parl._n cap._n 70._o ja._n 5._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 21._o but_o sturdy_a beggar_n our_o law_n call_v they_o egyptian_n ofttimes_o as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o bohemian_n and_o vagabond_n shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n and_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o find_v none_o they_o shall_v be_v denounce_v fugitive_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 97._o and_o may_v be_v send_v to_o public_a work-house_n or_o put_v in_o the_o stock_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 124.144_o and_o 147._o item_n ja._n 6._o par._n 15._o cap._n 268._o and_o if_o they_o be_v recept_n after_o they_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n their_o receptor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o prejudice_n sustain_v and_o the_o party_n damnify_v will_v have_v action_n against_o the_o magistrate_n within_o who_o bound_n or_o jurisdiction_n these_o vagabound_v be_v recept_n witting_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 97._o but_o this_o act_n determine_v not_o whether_o this_o witting_o relate_v to_o the_o receptor_n or_o magistrate_n yet_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o adverb_n scienter_fw-la be_v still_o applicable_a to_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o penal_a statute_n run_v so_o that_o except_o the_o magistrate_n know_v that_o the_o vagabond_n be_v harbour_v within_o his_o bound_n it_o be_v severe_a to_o sustain_v action_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n against_o he_o though_o the_o receptor_n know_v the_o vagabond_n and_o do_v witting_o recept_n he_o but_o i_o think_v that_o if_o the_o magistrate_n do_v either_o omit_v his_o duty_n he_o will_v be_v liable_a nam_fw-la scire_fw-la &_o scire_fw-la debere_fw-la aequiparantar_fw-la or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_o ignorant_a i_o find_v that_o a._n b._n being_z pursue_v criminal_o for_o general_n recept_v vagabond_n this_o action_n be_v not_o sustain_v but_o he_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o kirk_n session_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v do_v because_o of_o the_o 147._o act_n parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o whereby_o minister_n elder_n and_o deacon_n may_v nominâ—t_v any_o two_o of_o their_o number_n to_o inquire_v into_o this_o crime_n and_o who_o his_o majesty_n make_v and_o constitute_v justice_n as_o to_o that_o effect_n it_o appear_v by_o a_o proclamation_n emit_v by_o the_o council_n in_o anno_fw-la 1603._o these_o egyptian_n be_v order_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 13._o act_n parl._n 20._o ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n moses_n shaw_n and_o other_o egyptian_n sorner_n and_o vagabond_n be_v hang_v the_o last_o of_o july_n 1611._o ii_o our_o law_n have_v in_o this_o follow_v exact_o the_o civil_a for_o there_o be_v a_o title_n in_o the_o codex_fw-la de_fw-la mendicantibus_fw-la validis_fw-la our_o sturdy_a beggar_n and_o the_o novel_a 80._o this_o crime_n be_v also_o call_v by_o the_o athenian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sive_fw-la otii_fw-la ignavi_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la vide_fw-la heigium_fw-la l._n 2._o quest_n 27._o title_n xxxiv_o robery_n oppression_n vis_fw-la publica_fw-la &_o privata_fw-la 1._o the_o several_a epithet_n give_v to_o robbery_n and_o how_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o crime_n 2._o common_a theft_n and_o stouthrief_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n 3._o several_a decision_n as_o to_o this_o crime_n 4._o how_o the_o assist_v of_o robber_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 5._o in_o what_o case_n be_v it_o lawful_a to_o join_v against_o robber_n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o oppression_n by_o our_o law_n 7._o in_o what_o case_n the_o civil_a right_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o the_o violence_n can_v be_v criminal_o punish_v 8._o how_o oppression_n be_v term_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o how_o it_o be_v thereby_o punish_v 9_o what_o concussion_n be_v and_o how_o punish_v 10._o black_a mail_n how_o punish_v man_n may_v by_o diligence_n and_o circumspection_n defend_v themselves_o against_o theft_n and_o these_o who_o steal_v clandestine_o show_v a_o reverence_n even_o to_o that_o law_n which_o they_o transgress_v but_o robbery_n and_o oppression_n be_v crime_n against_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fence_n and_o in_o which_o these_o who_o violat_a the_o law_n contemn_v the_o legislator_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o these_o man_n do_v associate_v themselves_o under_o government_n and_o renounce_v their_o native_a liberty_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o law_n nor_o can_v law_n justify_v the_o severity_n of_o its_o punishment_n and_o the_o great_a exaction_n it_o require_v but_o by_o return_v to_o these_o it_o command_v a_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a security_n against_o all_o rapine_n and_o violence_n i._o when_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o violence_n it_o be_v call_v robbery_n from_o the_o german_a word_n raube_n and_o be_v with_o we_o call_v stouthrieff_n stouth_n signify_v theft_n and_o rieff_n signify_v violence_n in_o which_o crime_n our_o person_n be_v endanger_v as_o well_o as_o our_o estate_n and_o so_o be_v ordinary_o punish_v by_o death_n even_o in_o these_o country_n where_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o pecunial_a mulct_n or_o whip_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n among_o the_o jew_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o david_n answer_n to_o nathan_n parable_n though_o theft_n be_v only_o punish_v by_o restitution_n and_o though_o calistratus_n l._n 28._o §_o grassatores_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la seem_v to_o make_v such_o only_a punishable_a if_o they_o robb_n frequent_o and_o in_o high_a way_n and_o with_o arm_n grassatores_fw-la qui_fw-la praedae_fw-la causa_fw-la id_fw-la faciunt_fw-la proximi_fw-la latronibus_fw-la habentur_fw-la &_o si_fw-la cum_fw-la ferro_fw-la aggredi_fw-la &_o spoliare_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la capite_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la utique_fw-la si_fw-la saepius_fw-la atque_fw-la in_o itineribus_fw-la hoc_fw-la admiserunt_fw-la caeteri_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la dantur_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o insulas_fw-la relegantur_fw-la yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n robbery_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n though_o it_o be_v not_o reiterated_a and_o i_o think_v that_o law_n must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o such_o as_o design_v to_o robb_n qui_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la who_o be_v punishable_a though_o they_o actual_o rob_v nothing_o and_o have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v but_o to_o plunder_v predae_fw-la causae_fw-la if_o they_o go_v out_o frequent_o and_o to_o high_a way_n with_o that_o design_n for_o if_o they_o actual_o rob_v or_o have_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v though_o they_o kill_v not_o yet_o they_o be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o all_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ii_o the_o quality_n of_o frequent_a and_o common_a commit_v theft_n and_o robbery_n be_v not_o only_o a_o quality_n that_o raise_v the_o crime_n of_o theft_n alone_o from_o be_v punishable_a by_o restitution_n to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o other_o nation_n but_o by_o the_o 51._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o land_v man_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o pain_n of_o treason_n upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o word_n common_a be_v a_o quality_n and_o adjunct_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o recept_n of_o theft_n and_o stouthreif_a as_o well_o as_o theft_n since_o the_o act_n say_v but_o only_o common_a theft_n not_o common_a recept_n of_o theft_n nor_o common_a stouthreif_n and_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o see_v it_o be_v that_o quality_n which_o render_v they_o treason_n for_o simple_a recept_n will_v not_o have_v be_v declare_v treasonable_a of_o itself_o and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n 28._o the_o reiterate_v this_o crime_n aggrage_v it_o from_o banishment_n to_o death_n and_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v man_n cease_v not_o to_o repeat_v such_o word_n likeas_n it_o be_v just_a that_o as_o the_o crime_n be_v in_o landless_a man_n punishable_a only_o by_o restitution_n or_o death_n if_o repeat_v so_o in_o land_a man_n the_o punishment_n shall_v grow_v proportional_o and_o infer_v death_n or_o treason_n if_o common_o commit_v to_o which_o
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
regality_n be_v in_o law_n no_o part_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o off_o the_o royalty_n and_o that_o such_o as_o live_v in_o these_o palace_n can_v not_o be_v cite_v at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o regality_n but_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o 11._o of_o january_n 1662._o l._n carnegie_n against_o the_o lord_n cranburn_n iv._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n be_v controvert_v with_o we_o and_o if_o he_o may_v certain_o he_o may_v thereby_o evacuat_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff-ship_n though_o buy_v with_o real_a money_n which_o be_v hard_a and_o yet_o the_o exchequer_n past_o a_o signator_n of_o drumlanrig_n albeit_o niddisdale_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o which_o sheriff-ship_n it_o be_v erect_v be_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n and_o the_o like_a decision_n be_v relate_v by_o hop_v m._n h._n t._n and_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n by_o grant_v a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n alter_v not_o its_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sheriff-ship_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v not_o thereby_o divest_v of_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o sheriff_n appoint_v be_v but_o his_o majesty_n deput_n his_o creation_n can_v hinder_v his_o majesty_n to_o erect_v a_o new_a jurisdiction_n within_o its_o bound_n as_o he_o may_v erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a therein_o or_o a_o justiciary_a etc._n etc._n when_o land_n be_v dispon_v in_o conjunctsee_n the_o heritor_n retain_v still_o the_o office_n of_o regality_n hop_v hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi v._o albeit_o it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n with_o his_o majesty_n justice_n yet_o this_o rule_n suffer_v two_o exception_n 1._o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n to_o which_o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a and_o that_o not_o only_a where_o the_o treason_n libel_v amount_v to_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o even_o in_o statutory_a treason_n such_o as_o fire_n of_o coal-heughs_a theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o lawyer_n be_v likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n robbery_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n which_o opinion_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o 2._o cap._n leg_n malcolm_n 2._o by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o all_o robber_n force_n of_o woman_n murderers_z of_o man_n and_o burner_n of_o house_n shall_v answer_v before_o the_o king_n justiciar_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o the_o 14._o cap._n stat._n alex._n 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o the_o lord_n whatsoever_o these_o four_o pley_n shall_v be_v reserve_v from_o their_o court_n to_o the_o king_n own_o court_n because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o 76._o cap._n quon_n attach_v likeas_n skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n upon_o the_o word_n placitum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o these_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o crown_n jurisdiction_n or_o justice-general_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o treason_n he_o there_o likewise_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la from_o the_o french_a word_n placitare_fw-la which_o signify_v litigare_fw-la as_o mollineus_fw-la observe_v sup._n cur_n parl._n parti_fw-la primo_fw-la cap._n sexto_fw-la and_o yet_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la lord_n of_o regality_n do_v ordinary_o judge_v upon_o these_o crime_n without_o any_o commission_n and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o 22._o of_o july_n brown_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o a_o pursuit_n of_o fire-raising_a because_o he_o have_v be_v former_o pursue_v before_o the_o marquis_n of_o hamiltoun_n and_o assoilzy_v action_n of_o deforcement_n also_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v intent_a before_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v repledged_a for_o the_o king_n messenger_n be_v then_o deforce_v it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v justice_n from_o inferior_a judge_n where_o his_o officer_n of_o state_n can_v attend_v to_o pursue_v and_o cap._n 27._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v say_v that_o ad_fw-la solam_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la pertinet_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la namo_fw-la vetito_fw-la and_o this_o the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o 23._o of_o november_n 1675._o in_o the_o case_n of_o william_n crighton_n though_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v book_v the_o 2._o exception_n be_v that_o no_o bailie_n of_o regality_n can_v repledge_v from_o justice_n air_n act_n 29._o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o which_o be_v likewise_o statute_n former_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 6._o but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a yet_o see_v the_o foresaid_a act_n of_o the_o 11._o parl._n king_n ja._n 6_o allow_v only_a no_o repledgiation_n to_o be_v from_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice-general_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o justice_n air_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o justice_n depute_v or_o other_o by_o virtue_n of_o particular_a commission_n there_o may_v not_o be_v repledgiation_n allow_v in_o that_o case_n but_o i_o think_v there_o can_v see_v the_o act_n of_o parl._n ja._n 2._o be_v general_a and_o skeen_n remark_n this_o as_o a_o privilege_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n qua_fw-la talis_fw-la vi_o regality_n be_v divide_v with_o we_o in_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a ecclesiastic_a regality_n be_v such_o as_o be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o abbacy_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o erect_v in_o regality_n and_o when_o these_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o foresay_a 29._o act_n parl._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o power_n he_o have_v before_o to_o repledge_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o justice-general_a in_o case_n he_o have_v prevent_v the_o justice-general_a by_o apprehend_v or_o cite_v the_o person_n before_o he_o be_v apprehend_v or_o cite_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v prevent_v as_o say_v be_v than_o the_o bailie_n or_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o repledge_a but_o he_o may_v sit_v with_o the_o justice-general_a if_o he_o please_v so_o that_o in_o effect_n by_o this_o act_n there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n that_o in_o laic_a regality_n there_o be_v a_o right_n of_o repledge_v still_o as_o say_v be_v whereas_o ecclesiastic_a regality_n have_v not_o this_o privilege_n except_o they_o preveen_v the_o justice_n but_o otherwise_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n may_v only_o sit_v with_o they_o which_o difference_n seem_v to_o â—e_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o debate_n at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o several_a forestallers_a upon_o the_o 26._o of_o june_n 1596._o and_o thus_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n then_o depute_v to_o the_o regality_n of_o musselburgh_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o repledge_a but_o to_o sit_v with_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o some_o witch_n upon_o the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1661._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v that_o the_o regality_n have_v be_v only_o grant_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o religious_a house_n which_o be_v suppress_v the_o regality_n become_v extinguish_v with_o they_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v ex_fw-la gratia_fw-la only_o renew_v their_o office_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n he_o think_v that_o they_o be_v abundant_o gratify_v by_o this_o new_a concession_n without_o allow_v they_o the_o power_n to_o exclude_v his_o own_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o prevention_n and_o this_o be_v also_o a_o favour_n to_o the_o liedge_n in_o not_o trouble_v they_o with_o two_o court_n nor_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n much_o prejudge_v for_o by_o this_o same_o act_n they_o retain_v the_o whole_a right_n to_o the_o escheat_n and_o fine_n even_o of_o these_o who_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o escheat_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o 22._o of_o july_n 1664._o elizabeth_n sutherland_n contra_fw-la conradge_n so_o that_o this_o hold_v not_o only_a where_o the_o justice_n sit_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n but_o likewise_o where_o the_o justice_n condemn_v without_o the_o other_o concourse_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n serve_v not_o in_o that_o case_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o get_v these_o casualty_n which_o be_v the_o reward_n due_a to_o these_o who_o do_v justice_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v himself_o only_o to_o
blame_v who_o do_v not_o either_o preveen_n or_o repledge_a baily_n of_o regality_n may_v likewise_o repledge_a from_o the_o king_n lieutenent_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 19_o of_o august_n 1596._o and_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o likewise_o from_o any_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n as_o be_v find_v in_o may_n 1568._o and_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o riot_n and_o blood_n as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n july_n 1617._o though_o these_o cause_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n and_o require_v summar_n and_o unexpensive_a cognition_n seem_v to_o require_v easy_a and_o less_o solemn_a trial_n in_o the_o procedor_fw-la than_o repledgiation_n will_v allow_v and_o yet_o by_o c._n 11._o the_o appell_n i_o find_v that_o licebat_fw-la in_o remimina_fw-la appellare_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o party_n injure_v complain_v since_o they_o may_v have_v make_v their_o application_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n nor_o shall_v their_o error_n prejudge_v his_o jurisdiction_n vii_o the_o manner_n of_o repledgiation_n from_o any_o court_n be_v that_o either_o the_o party_n himself_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o repledge_v or_o some_o other_o have_v a_o procurator_n from_o he_o compear_v and_o produce_v his_o charter_n of_o erection_n from_o the_o production_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v that_o be_v but_o assertio_fw-la notarii_fw-la yet_o sometime_o without_o production_n of_o the_o charter_n repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v because_o it_o be_v notour_n that_o the_o repledger_n have_v a_o regality_n as_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_z case_n 1637._o as_o also_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o criminal_a register_n bear_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sustain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n may_v 1668._o arducaple_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o highland_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o production_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n retour_fw-fr will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v a_o regality_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o shall_v since_o a_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o sentence_n and_o so_o be_v a_o sufficient_a instruction_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o who_o offer_v to_o repledge_a must_v find_v caution_n of_o culrach_n to_o do_v justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o he_o repledge_v and_o if_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o be_v repledged_a do_v not_o justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n he_o tine_v his_o court_n as_o we_o call_v it_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o culrach_n for_o so_o the_o cautioner_n be_v call_v who_o have_v upon_o his_o become_a cautioner_n borrow_v the_o defender_n be_v in_o a_o unlaw_n and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o he_o be_v borrow_v or_o repledged_a may_v proceed_v to_o do_v justice_n as_o former_o skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n the_o panel_n likewise_o who_o be_v repledged_a must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n before_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n the_o 16._o of_o may_v 1599_o patrick_n m_n ckalla_o against_o the_o regality_n of_o lennox_n no_o person_n can_v be_v repledged_a except_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o court_n from_o which_o he_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a for_o a_o party_n who_o be_v absent_a can_v find_v caution_n to_o sist_z himself_o before_o the_o court_n to_o which_o he_o be_v repledged_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o armstrong_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v some_o customer_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n anno_fw-la 1666._o nor_o can_v a_o person_n be_v repledged_a after_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la it_o must_v be_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la propon_v dum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la viii_o when_o regality_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n express_v therein_o and_o though_o that_o burgh_n may_v choose_v baily_n yet_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n have_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o those_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n of_o regality_n in_o that_o same_o way_n that_o other_o superior_n retain_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o their_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 24._o of_o january_n 1668._o betwixt_o the_o bailie_n of_o killimure_n and_o the_o burgh_n thereof_o this_o burgh_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v a_o sufficient_a prison_n not_o only_o for_o criminal_n but_o for_o debtor_n by_o the_o 273._o act_n 15._o parl._n ja._n 6._o and_o all_o caption_n bear_v the_o letter_n to_o be_v direct_a to_o baily_n of_o regality_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o by_o that_o act_n these_o burgh_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o entertain_v prisoner_n where_o there_o be_v provost_n baily_n and_o common-good_a nota_fw-la that_o these_o word_n of_o that_o act_n by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o stewart_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n be_v ill_o print_v for_o the_o word_n to_o shall_v be_v or_o the_o lord_n likewise_o decide_v thus_o against_o the_o baily_n of_o regality_n the_o 7._o of_o july_n 1668._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la callender_n in_o this_o burgh_n all_o court_n must_v be_v hold_v yet_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o compear_v at_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o regality_n to_o which_o they_o be_v express_o cite_v as_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o case_n the_o 16._o of_o march_n 1622._o or_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v in_o use_n to_o hold_v his_o court_n else_o where_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n without_o interruption_n the_o vassal_n or_o any_o other_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v thereat_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o erection_n as_o had._n observe_v december_n 1624._o and_o if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v remove_v without_o the_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 21._o of_o november_n 1632._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o weems_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a to_o the_o regality_n of_o methwen_n lord_n of_o regality_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v justice-court_n twice_o a_o year_n 3._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o act._n 5._o and_o if_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o cause_v rest_n and_o steal_a good_n be_v restore_v the_o sheriff_n may_v fulfil_v their_o place_n act_n 11._o parl._n 15._o ja._n 2._o and_o when_o erection_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la judge_v by_o the_o justice_n act_n 26._o par._n 6._o k._n i._n 6_o but_o this_o act_n can_v only_o take_v place_n till_o a_o stewart_n or_o bailie_n be_v appoint_v for_o regulariter_fw-la the_o king_n own_o stewart_n of_o regality_n may_v repledge_v from_o the_o justice_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v fit_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o must_v administer_v by_o a_o bailie_n who_o be_v sometime_o admit_v by_o a_o simple_a commission_n during_o his_o life_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v heritable_a bailie_n which_o right_o pass_v by_o infestment_n but_o this_o bailie_n be_v in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n though_o sometime_o the_o king_n depute_n in_o regality_n be_v likewise_o call_v baily_n as_o in_o the_o 5._o act._n 3._o parl._n k_o i._n 2._o ix_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v cite_v witness_n without_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o must_v have_v letter_n of_o supplement_n for_o that_o office_n though_o general_o they_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o justice-general_n do_v but_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n to_o enter_v as_o law-will_a from_o the_o defender_n after_o sentence_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 7._o of_o october_n 1668._o betwixt_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n and_o mr._n john_n pape_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a privilege_n than_o the_o justice_n have_v who_o can_v present_o exact_v caution_n of_o any_o person_n for_o pay_v a_o unlaw_n but_o can_v only_o raise_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o single_a escheat_n of_o rebel_n live_v within_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o to_o the_o escheat_n of_o all_o person_n condemn_v for_o crime_n commit_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n albeit_o condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n from_o which_o general_a rule_n hope_v in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n except_v only_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o exception_n may_v not_o be_v likewise_o make_v of_o all_o other_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n see_v the_o lord_n
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
or_o otherwise_o the_o pain_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o there_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v by_o his_o petition_n determine_v the_o same_o but_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n l._n 1._o §_o quorum_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n turpil_n l._n ff_o de_fw-fr private_a delicti_fw-la l._n ordine_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la unicipalem_fw-la and_o in_o the_o form_n set_v down_o l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr accusatio_fw-la by_o paulus_n there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n express_v but_o yet_o with_o we_o there_o be_v always_o a_o conclusion_n in_o every_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v general_a and_o i_o perceive_v that_o most_o of_o the_o practitioner_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o at_o least_o a_o general_a conclusion_n shall_v be_v add_v iii_o whether_o a_o libel_n be_v libel_v qualificate_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v pass_v from_o the_o quality_n have_v be_v thus_o determine_v by_o lawyer_n that_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v to_o another_o different_a crime_n it_o can_v be_v pass_v from_o but_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v only_o to_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi libel_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n and_o subsume_v that_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n under_o trust_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o person_n murder_v be_v father_n to_o the_o murderer_n if_o when_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v try_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v declare_v that_o he_o insist_o against_o he_o as_o a_o murderer_n simple_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o person_n kill_v be_v father_n i_o think_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o so_o reform_v or_o declare_v his_o libel_n for_o that_o make_v the_o crime_n to_o differ_v the_o one_o be_v murder_n the_o other_o treason_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o prepare_v he_o to_o defend_v against_o treason_n and_o find_v that_o he_o be_v secure_a as_o to_o the_o crime_n libel_v he_o need_v not_o prepare_v other_o defence_n or_o raise_v exculpation_n for_o that_o effect_n but_o these_o quality_n which_o amount_v only_o to_o aggravation_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o be_v decide_v 11._o november_n 1672._o for_o aikmaâ—_n have_v pursue_v carnegy_n of_o newgate_n for_o oppression_n conform_v to_o the_o 25._o act_n 4._o parl._n k._n i_o 5._o because_o he_o have_v beat_v he_o who_o be_v a_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o office_n the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o magistrate_n because_o he_o have_v not_o take_v the_o declaration_n it_o be_v thereafter_o allege_v that_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v against_o oppression_n and_o not_o against_o beat_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v no_o more_o insist_v upon_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v repel_v for_o 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his_o life_n one_o way_n or_o another_o late_o upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o 〈…〉_z where_o the_o say_a main_n be_v in_o quiet_a and_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n expect_v no_o harm_n injury_n nor_o pursuit_n of_o any_o person_n but_o to_o have_v live_v under_o god_n peace_n and_o we_o and_o the_o say_v listoun_n being_n bodden_fw-mi with_o a_o great_a batton_n or_o ring_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o with_o knife_n and_o other_o invasive_a weapon_n first_o upbraid_v the_o say_a main_n with_o word_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a thief_n and_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n and_o thereafter_o because_o the_o say_a main_n have_v purge_v himself_o of_o that_o calumny_n and_o say_v he_o be_v as_o honest_a a_o man_n as_o himself_o he_o thereupon_o run_v and_o rush_v the_o say_a main_n be_v a_o age_a man_n of_o 74._o year_n of_o age_n to_o the_o ground_n under_o his_o foot_n strike_v he_o in_o the_o head_n craig_n shoulder_n and_o side_n with_o the_o say_v batton_n lap_n upon_o 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purpose_n and_o provision_n and_o forethought_a felony_n in_o high_a and_o manifest_a contempt_n of_o our_o authority_n and_o law_n in_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o commit_v the_o like_a if_o swa_o be_v our_o will_n be_v herefore_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o our_o name_n and_o authority_n command_n and_o charge_n the_o say_a listoun_n committer_n of_o the_o say_v barbarous_a murder_n in_o manner_n foresay_a to_o come_v and_o find_v sufficient_a caution_n surety_n to_o our_o justice_n clerk_n and_o his_o depute_n act_v in_o our_o book_n of_o adjournal_n that_o he_o shall_v compear_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o his_o depute_n to_o underlye_v the_o law_n for_o the_o samen_n in_o our_o tolbuith_n in_o edinburgh_n on_o the_o day_n 〈…〉_z of_o 〈…〉_z in_o the_o hour_n of_o cause_n under_o the_o pain_n contain_v in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o you_o charge_v he_o personal_o if_o that_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v and_o failze_v thereof_o at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewatry_n or_o regality_n where_o he_o dwell_v to_o come_v and_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n act_v in_o manner_n foresay_a with_o in_o six_o day_n next_o after_o he_o bee_n charge_v be_v you_o thereto_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o put_v of_o he_o to_o the_o horn_n the_o whilk_fw-mi six_o day_n be_v by_o past_a and_o the_o surety_n not_o be_v find_v that_o you_o immediate_o thereafter_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n and_o put_v he_o to_o our_o horn_n and_o escheat_n and_o in_o bring_v all_o his_o movable_a good_n to_o our_o use_n for_o his_o contemption_n and_o cause_n registrat_n their_o our_o letter_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n within_o fifteen_o day_n thereafter_o conform_v to_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n
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when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
knowledge_n yet_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o principle_n may_v be_v doubt_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n par_fw-fr 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o panel_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o private_a knowledge_n of_o assiser_n can_v be_v lay_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o they_o 2._o if_o probation_n be_v lead_v public_o defender_n may_v propon_n interrogator_n whereby_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v more_o full_o clear_v and_o even_o the_o witness_n own_o mistake_n may_v be_v remove_v of_o all_o which_o just_a advantage_n he_o be_v precludit_n by_o that_o principle_n 3._o the_o great_a reason_n why_o by_o the_o act_n probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n be_v because_o in_o law_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o witness_n will_v stand_v more_o in_o awe_n to_o depon_n false_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n than_o otherwise_o for_o which_o cause_n confront_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n among_o themselves_o when_o they_o be_v contrary_a be_v much_o use_v and_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n 4._o if_o assiser_n may_v give_v their_o verdict_n upon_o private_a knowledge_n than_o they_o can_v never_o be_v pursue_v for_o error_n because_o if_o private_a knowledge_n be_v the_o rule_n i_o can_v hardly_o understand_v how_o man_n can_v be_v convict_v as_o have_v transgress_v against_o that_o rule_n see_v albeit_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n do_v know_v 5._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o divine_n and_o nation_n judices_fw-la debent_fw-la judicare_fw-la secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la ix_o from_o the_o foresay_a act_n parl._n 11._o ordain_v all_o probation_n to_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o assiser_n and_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v deduce_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v in_o criminal_o ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v by_o commission_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o probation_n lead_v before_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n before_o who_o nothing_o be_v use_v to_o instruct_v the_o falsehood_n but_o the_o decreet_a of_o improbation_n pronounce_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o falsehood_n their_o sentence_n habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la and_o be_v probatio_fw-la probata_fw-la so_o thaâ—_n the_o produce_v of_o it_o be_v the_o lead_n of_o probation_n before_o the_o assize_n this_o privilege_n that_o no_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v but_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o by_o the_o panel_n see_v it_o be_v introduce_v in_o his_o favour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o be_v continue_v against_o charles_n robertson_n because_o of_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o witness_n see_v he_o be_v content_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o deposition_n former_o take_v but_o they_o cause_v he_o subscribe_v his_o consent_n after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o panel_n advocat_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assize_n wherein_o the_o term_n they_o use_v to_o they_o be_v good_a man_n of_o inquest_n and_o after_o they_o have_v end_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n speak_v but_o there_o be_v no_o duply_n or_o triply_v use_v and_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n which_o privilege_n be_v assume_v likewise_o by_o all_o other_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o by_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o defender_n advocate_n be_v now_o the_o last_o speaker_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o privilege_n hold_v only_o in_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n x._o when_o both_o these_o discourse_n be_v end_v than_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v but_o before_o they_o be_v enclose_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o any_o doubt_n for_o if_o after_o enclose_v any_o person_n speak_v to_o they_o or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v pronounce_v the_o panel_n be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la clean_a and_o innocent_a act_n 91._o parl_n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o which_o act_n seem_v to_o be_v fear_v of_o impress_v or_o suborn_v the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o practice_n allow_v assizer_n sometime_o to_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o receive_v information_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o find_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o transgress_v not_o this_o act_n as_o in_o kennedy_n case_n august_n 1662._o and_o after_o a_o full_a debate_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o december_n 1672._o it_o be_v find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n disclose_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n after_o they_o have_v past_o a_o vott_n though_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o subscribe_v be_v the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o verdict_n albeit_o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o there_o may_v be_v great_a debate_n upon_o the_o word_v of_o the_o verdict_n and_o so_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o have_v disclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v subscribe_v by_o this_o act_n likewise_o the_o assizer_n and_o not_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o exception_n against_o the_o verdict_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a decision_n 1672._o wherein_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o themselves_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o any_o such_o alledgeance_n but_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o judge_v the_o probation_n of_o that_o exception_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assizer_n can_v not_o at_o all_o be_v judge_n thereto_o see_v they_o be_v the_o delinquent_n in_o that_o case_n and_o if_o most_o part_n of_o the_o assize_n have_v disclose_v it_o be_v absurd_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o delinquency_n at_o that_o time_n the_o lord_n do_v likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o any_o assizer_n shall_v disclose_v before_o the_o vot_n be_v complete_a so_o that_o the_o urdict_n may_v be_v thereupon_o annul_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n and_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n which_o either_o the_o king_n or_o party_n incur_v so_o that_o assizer_n be_v allow_v to_o speak_v to_o judge_n or_o advocat_n but_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v any_o address_n to_o they_o after_o enclosure_n as_o say_v be_v it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o albeit_o the_o clerk_n be_v discharge_v to_o enter_v in_o where_o the_o assize_n sit_v after_o they_o have_v choose_v their_o chancellor_n yet_o defacto_fw-la the_o clerk_n sit_v still_o with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a he_o shall_v do_v so_o because_o they_o be_v oft_o ignorant_a and_o unaquant_v with_o the_o form_n and_o procedure_v of_o that_o court_n they_o shall_v have_v some_o person_n to_o regulat_fw-la they_o and_o none_o so_o fit_a to_o do_v it_o as_o the_o clerk_n yet_o by_o the_o late_a regulation_n 1670._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v present_a and_o sure_a the_o clerk_n be_v worth_a ten_o and_o do_v influence_n too_o much_o xi_o after_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v they_o choose_v a_o precedent_n who_o be_v call_v chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o proceed_v to_o read_v and_o thereafter_o to_o reason_n upon_o what_o be_v debate_n and_o their_o determination_n be_v call_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n it_o be_v call_v verdict_n quasi_fw-la veer_fw-la dictum_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v warda_fw-mi curiae_fw-la quon_n attach_v cap._n ubi_fw-la aliqua_fw-la thereafter_o the_o assizer_n enter_v again_o into_o the_o court_n and_o there_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v and_o the_o chancellor_n stand_v up_o and_o own_v the_o same_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v it_o shall_v and_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o act_n of_o regulation_n 1670._o close_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o of_o so_o many_o of_o their_o number_n as_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v think_v fit_a never_o to_o be_v open_v but_o by_o order_n from_o the_o judge_n of_o which_o verdict_n the_o clerk_n be_v to_o have_v the_o keep_n and_o if_o he_o open_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o be_v depose_v and_o further_o punish_v as_o the_o
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
be_v probable_a 3_o the_o nature_n and_o punishment_n of_o it_o in_o scotland_n 4_o baratry_n ecclesiastic_a 5_o baratry_n civil_a simony_n be_v the_o sell_v or_o buy_v any_o church_n office_n cupiditas_fw-la emendi_fw-la aut_fw-la vendendi_fw-la aliquid_fw-la spiritual_fw-la aut_fw-la spirituali_fw-la annexum_fw-la so_o call_v from_o simon_n magus_n who_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o canonist_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v simony_n to_o paction_n for_o any_o advantage_n in_o administrate_v the_o sacrament_n but_o not_o to_o take_v reward_n after_o they_o have_v administrate_n they_o ii_o in_o this_o crime_n infamous_a person_n whoor_n and_o other_o witness_n who_o be_v not_o habiles_fw-la or_o at_o least_o who_o be_v not_o omni_n exceptione_n majores_fw-la be_v here_o receivable_a cap._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr simon_n because_o it_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v on_o with_o much_o privacy_n and_o clandestine_v deal_v for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n it_o be_v crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la and_o can_v be_v punish_v by_o laic_n the_o punishment_n be_v depravation_n iii_o with_o we_o simony_n be_v once_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v act_n 1_o par._n 21._o ja._n 6._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o if_o the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n deprehend_v that_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_v have_v make_v any_o simonaical_a paction_n with_o the_o patron_n whereby_o he_o have_v so_o hurt_v the_o benefice_n as_o that_o he_o have_v not_o reserve_v a_o sufficient_a maintenance_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n suitable_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o benefice_n that_o the_o bishop_n may_v refuse_v the_o presentation_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o any_o debate_n arise_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n patron_n and_o person_n upon_o that_o account_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o it_o be_v employ_v and_o tacit_o acknowledge_v that_o simony_n be_v a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n see_v this_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o branch_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v that_o what_o ever_o be_v punish_v as_o simony_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v punishable_a with_o we_o and_o that_o a_o minister_n or_o other_o beneficed_a person_n who_o bargain_n or_o transact_v with_o any_o to_o get_v they_o a_o church_n or_o benefice_n and_o give_v or_o promise_v money_n therefore_o be_v punishable_a even_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o that_o by_o this_o act_n a_o paction_n whereby_o the_o incumbent_n reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o competency_n suitable_a to_o the_o benefice_n be_v not_o simony_n and_o what_o this_o conpetencie_n be_v be_v leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v 3._o that_o this_o crime_n be_v probable_a with_o we_o by_o oath_n because_o of_o its_o clandestine_v convoyance_n as_o say_v be_v by_o the_o stat._n eliz._n 31._o the_o person_n commit_v simony_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o enjoy_v that_o ecclesiastic_a office_n iv._o baratry_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o simony_n socinus_n reg_fw-la 55._o bald._n part_n 5._o consil._n 21._o which_o with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o buy_v benefice_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n or_o their_o ordinar_n i._o 1._o p._n 7._o cap._n 106._o the_o pain_n of_o it_o be_v banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n or_o employment_n for_o the_o future_a within_o the_o kingdom_n this_o word_n come_v from_o the_o italian_a word_n baratry_n which_o signify_v corrupt_v of_o judge_n for_o our_o law_n presume_v that_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o get_v a_o benefice_n design_v to_o get_v it_o by_o corruption_n but_o though_o barater_n be_v call_v canpone_n beneficiorum_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n as_o craig_n observe_v pag._n 371._o yet_o our_o king_n be_v of_o old_a very_o submissive_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n dare_v not_o direct_o at_o first_o forbid_v application_n to_o rome_n but_o do_v only_o forbid_v the_o carry_v abroad_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n know_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v there_o without_o money_n but_o thereafter_o this_o crime_n grow_v great_a the_o parliament_n do_v by_o the_o 84._o cap._n p._n 6._o i._o 3._o forbid_v express_o the_o go_n to_o rome_n to_o purchase_v benefice_n or_o to_o be_v its_o collector_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v demean_v as_o traitor_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v benefice_n or_o use_v worship_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 53._o act_n 5._o p._n i._n 4._o but_o though_o the_o punishment_n be_v that_o of_o treason_n by_o these_o act_n yet_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n 1_o p._n i._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o baratry_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prescription_n banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n nor_o office_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o application_n to_o rome_n be_v punishable_a as_o baratry_n this_o act_n be_v after_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o baratry_n may_v be_v punish_v either_o by_o the_o justice_n or_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o upon_o this_o act_n james_n archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n be_v exauctorate_v after_o the_o reformation_n for_o go_v to_o rome_n v._o the_o son_n of_o noble_a man_n and_o other_o pass_v to_o school_n beyond_o sea_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n be_v also_o say_v to_o commit_v baratry_a i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 71._o and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o ordain_v noble_a man_n who_o breed_v their_o child_n abroad_o in_o popish_a school_n to_o bring_v they_o home_o under_o a_o great_a fine_a as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o mordingtoun_n and_o semple_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o before_o which_o act_n also_o all_o laic_n go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n commit_v baratry_n i._o 4._o p._n 5._o cap._n 53._o and_o though_o craig_n debate_v pag._n 371._o whether_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o treason_n because_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n cap._n 84._o pa._n 6._o i._o 3._o yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o punishment_n be_v restrict_v by_o the_o act_n 2._o p._n 1._o i._o 1._o to_o the_o be_v declare_v incapable_a of_o trust_n and_o banishment_n this_o prohibition_n of_o laic_n go_v abroad_o be_v first_o at_o carthage_n and_o be_v now_o in_o vigour_n at_o naples_n and_o many_o other_o place_n and_o though_o it_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n at_o least_o be_v not_o punish_v except_o in_o privy_a counsellor_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o this_o crime_n take_v only_a place_n in_o vassal_n hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o act_n be_v general_a and_o yet_o merchant_n be_v warrant_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o traffic_n abroad_o and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o this_o prohibition_n title_n vi_o treason_n laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la 1_o treason_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 2_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 3_o treason_n with_o we_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o perduellion_n laese-majestie_n and_o statutory_a treason_n 4_o the_o nature_n of_o perduellion_n or_o rise_v in_o arm_n which_o be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o treason_n 5_o the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n 6_o the_o three_o be_v the_o recept_v such_o as_o have_v commit_v treason_n 7_o the_o four_o be_v to_o hold_v out_o house_n against_o the_o king_n 8_o the_o five_o be_v to_o assail_v castle_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v 9_o the_o six_o be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host._n 10_o the_o seven_o be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n 11_o the_o eight_o be_v to_o impugn_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n 12_o the_o nine_o be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n or_o council_n authority_n 13_o the_o ten_o be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n 14_o the_o eleven_o be_v to_o desert_n the_o king_n host._n 15_o the_o twelve_o be_v to_o deny_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n in_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n 16_o how_o the_o kill_a counsellor_n be_v punishable_a 17_o the_o several_a branch_n of_o statutory_a treason_n 18_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o the_o accuse_v be_v assoilzy_v be_v treason_n 19_o treason_n be_v not_o baleable_a 20_o summons_n of_o treason_n ought_v to_o be_v execute_v by_o herald_n 21_o whether_o less_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o treason_n then_o in_o other_o crime_n 22_o treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v after_o the_o committer_n death_n 23_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o absence_n 24_o how_o disobey_v the_o king_n be_v punishable_a 25_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n in_o general_n unhappy_a
express_o treason_n by_o the_o 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o cap._n 14._o whereby_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o none_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o authority_n and_o the_o house_n be_v here_o garrison_v to_o defend_v against_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v come_v to_o eject_v in_o his_o majesty_n name_n to_o resist_v he_o be_v to_o resist_v his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o be_v garrison_v in_o furtherance_n of_o rebel_n and_o rebellion_n it_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o likeas_n the_o convocation_n be_v of_o about_o 400._o man_n or_o thereby_o under_o the_o command_n of_o captain_n ensign_n and_o other_o officer_n it_o be_v likewise_o treason_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n and_o the_o 5._o act._n 1._o parl._n ch._n 2._o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o house_n not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o deforcement_n whereupon_o the_o pursuer_n be_v force_v to_o allege_v of_o new_a that_o they_o insist_v against_o he_o for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n raise_v at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n against_o assint_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n they_o find_v that_o the_o garrison_n and_o provide_v of_o the_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n likeas_n they_o refuse_v to_o sustain_v that_o article_n wherein_o be_v libel_v the_o raise_n of_o man_n and_o the_o dispose_n they_o in_o company_n under_o colour_n to_o be_v relevant_a except_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v a_o hundred_o man_n or_o upward_o and_o be_v under_o colour_n or_o muster_v or_o under_o weekly_a or_o daily_o pay_v and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n both_o which_o interlocutor_n seem_v surprise_v for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o garrison_n of_o any_o house_n against_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o judge_n be_v to_o garrison_n it_o against_o the_o king_n '_o authority_n for_o a_o sheriff_n do_v represent_v the_o king_n in_o his_o authority_n as_o much_o as_o any_o soldier_n do_v and_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o to_o garrison_n house_n against_o the_o king_n soldier_n be_v treason_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v no_o sentence_n can_v receive_v execution_n in_o scotland_n since_o every_o man_n may_v garrison_n his_o house_n and_o every_o man_n may_v deny_v that_o he_o garrison_v his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n and_o authorise_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o house_n be_v so_o clear_o a_o warlike_a action_n that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o debate_v upon_o intention_n and_o though_o the_o defend_n house_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v as_o deforcement_n yet_o the_o formal_a garrison_n of_o it_o import_v much_o more_o and_o the_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n do_v not_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o crime_n commit_v in_o garrison_v the_o house_n for_o the_o design_n of_o such_o letter_n be_v only_o to_o warrant_n and_o command_v the_o liedge_n to_o prosecute_v they_o as_o rebel_n so_o that_o before_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o letter_n they_o be_v account_v open_a and_o notorious_a rebel_n for_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v only_o grant_v against_o such_o and_o therefore_o assint_fw-la in_o garrison_v his_o house_n to_o defend_v such_o do_v express_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la seem_v likewise_o very_o hard_o for_o raise_v man_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n and_o list_v they_o under_o colour_n or_o swear_v they_o to_o colour_n be_v certain_o exercitum_fw-la comparare_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o commission_n of_o fire_n or_o sword_n for_o the_o design_n of_o these_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o make_v a_o traitor_n but_o to_o prosecute_v actual_a rebel_n and_o though_o this_o army_n be_v not_o levy_v to_o oppose_v immediate_o the_o king_n government_n yet_o even_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n within_o the_o kingdom_n though_o no_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v be_v treason_n for_o that_o be_v to_o usurp_v the_o king_n power_n but_o much_o more_o be_v this_o criminal_a when_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o wicked_a design_n of_o oppose_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o king_n law_n to_o see_v which_o execute_v be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o his_o kingly_a government_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a 17_o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n liedge_n against_o his_o forbid_v and_o if_o any_o do_v the_o king_n be_v to_o gang_n upon_o they_o with_o assistance_n of_o the_o hall_n land_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o after_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o trespass_n viii_o the_o five_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o assail_v castle_n or_o place_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v or_o be_v for_o the_o time_n ibid._n but_o this_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v to_o be_v treason_n if_o the_o assaulter_n know_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o upon_o design_n to_o rescue_v he_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o estate_n as_o say_v be_v ix_o the_o six_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n or_o army_n wilful_o ja._n 2._o parl._n 12._o act_n 54._o upon_o which_o act_n the_o mr._n of_o forbes_n be_v hang_v for_o raise_v sedition_n in_o the_o king_n host_n at_o jedburgh_n 14._o july_n 1537._o x._o the_o seven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n which_o act_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o kin_n friend_n fortifier_n and_o maintainer_n of_o these_o who_o be_v kill_v as_o traitor_n because_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o when_o these_o who_o be_v so_o relate_v trouble_v the_o killer_n it_o be_v presumeable_a the_o trouble_n arise_v upon_o that_o account_n 2._o these_o relation_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v the_o killer_n any_o grudge_n or_o injure_v they_o by_o word_n or_o writ_n nota_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o grudge_n need_v not_o be_v prove_v but_o be_v presume_v presumption_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o here_o lex_fw-la praesumit_fw-la &_o disponit_fw-la super_fw-la praesumpto_fw-la xi_o the_o eight_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o impugn_v the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n or_o to_o seek_v and_o procure_v the_o innovation_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o power_n or_o authority_n act_n 130_o parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o direct_a impugn_v of_o their_o authority_n as_o if_o one_o contend_v that_o parliament_n be_v not_o necessary_a or_o that_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n may_v be_v turn_v out_o xii_o the_o nine_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o council_n in_o any_o case_n whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a and_o the_o king_n council_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o cause_n whatsoever_o whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a of_o what_o ever_o degree_n or_o function_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v summon_v shall_v be_v act_n 129._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o which_o act_n be_v make_v to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o ministry_n who_o about_o that_o time_n use_v constant_o to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n in_o ecclesiastic_a matter_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n mr._n andrew_n crightoun_n be_v sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o demain_v as_o traitor_n septemb_n 1610._o and_o mr._n james_n guthrie_n be_v execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n jurisdiction_n at_o strivil_v when_o he_o be_v challenge_v for_o some_o word_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n from_o this_o act_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n judge_v competent_a over_o all_o cause_n and_o all_o person_n even_o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o own_o instance_n which_o will_v appear_v both_o from_o the_o rubric_n and_o statutory_a part_n of_o the_o act_n albeit_o regulariter_fw-la no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n xiii_o the_o ten_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n but_o conceal_v in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o the_o concealer_n can_v have_v prove_v it_o for_o else_o he_o have_v by_o reveal_v and_o not_o prove_v make_v himself_o guilty_a of_o treason_n this_o conceal_n of_o treason_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n call_v misprision_n of_o treason_n and_o be_v punish_v only_o
causam_fw-la dederit_fw-la there_o be_v a_o civil_a action_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n allow_v ex_fw-la lege_fw-la aquilia_fw-la but_o for_o the_o further_a understanding_n incendii_fw-la culpas_fw-la the_o more_o exact_a doctor_n do_v distinguish_v betwixt_o incendium_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la commissum_fw-la and_o since_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la aequi_fw-la paratur_fw-la dolo_fw-la therefore_o they_o make_v it_o to_o be_v corporeal_o punishable_a though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o punishment_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v only_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a but_o if_o the_o committer_n have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a he_o may_v subsidiar_o be_v punish_v in_o his_o person_n but_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v raise_v per_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la than_o the_o committer_n can_v never_o be_v punish_v corporeal_o even_o though_o he_o want_v money_n wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a dicunt_fw-la tamen_fw-la aliqui_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la in_o faciendo_fw-la aequiparari_fw-la culpae_fw-la levi_fw-la in_o committendo_fw-la alex._n con_v 55._o ix_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o burn_v a_o house_n in_o a_o town_n by_o misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n as_o the_o act_n say_v he_o shall_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o his_o good_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o he_o who_o suffer_v the_o prejudice_n and_o shall_v likewise_o be_v banish_v for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n and_o through_o the_o town_n and_o shall_v be_v banish_v for_o seven_o year_n but_o if_o he_o who_o owe_v the_o house_n do_v either_o by_o himself_o his_o wife_n or_o bairn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la negligent_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n albeit_o no_o neighbour_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v yet_o he_o shall_v be_v banish_v the_o town_n for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o house_n be_v set_v burn_v the_o same_o negligent_o he_o shall_v repair_v the_o damage_n and_o be_v baninish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o a_o stranger_n or_o traveller_n burn_v as_o say_v be_v he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o repair_v the_o skaith_n which_o if_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v he_o shall_v abide_v in_o sickerness_n id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o prison_n at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o if_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n they_o be_v to_o be_v unlaw_v in_o ten_o pound_n and_o if_o fire_n happen_v in_o husband-town_n in_o barony_n they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o lord_n id_fw-la est_fw-la baron_n in_o likemanner_n as_o magistrate_n do_v within_o burgh_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o by_o this_o act_n likewise_o no_o fire_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v from_o on_o house_n to_o another_o but_o in_o a_o cover_a vessel_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o un-law_n but_o since_o this_o un-law_n be_v not_o express_v it_o be_v therefore_o arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o raise_v it_o as_o high_a as_o his_o jurisdiction_n will_v suffer_v though_o in_o justice_n he_o shall_v proportion_v it_o to_o the_o crime_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o tax_v here_o of_o design_n that_o it_o may_v be_v proportion_v as_o say_v be_v upon_o this_o act_n there_o may_v be_v several_a doubt_n raise_v as_o first_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n for_o clear_v whereof_o the_o common_a distinction_n make_v by_o the_o doctor_n and_o relate_v by_o alexander_n consilio_fw-la 55._o will_v be_v consider_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o misgovernance_n in_o this_o case_n do_v include_v culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la the_o mean_a fault_n because_o the_o act_n bear_v misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n so_o that_o whatever_o be_v not_o of_o set_a purpose_n or_o design_v be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act._n likeas_n the_o word_n reckles_o which_o be_v likewise_o use_v in_o this_o act_n as_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v to_o culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o since_o the_o punishment_n of_o servant_n raise_v fire_n by_o misgovernance_n be_v to_o be_v scourge_v public_o and_o then_o banish_v and_o that_o master_n be_v punish_v if_o they_o burn_v their_o own_o house_n after_o that_o manner_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o extend_v this_o punishment_n ad_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n interpret_v obligation_n to_o give_v wine_n or_o corn_n neither_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o best_a nor_o worst_a of_o that_o species_n so_o in_o this_o case_n misgovernance_n shall_v be_v interpret_v as_o that_o it_o may_v proper_o neither_o be_v mean_v of_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la nor_o levissima_fw-la but_o of_o culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la which_o be_v media_fw-la and_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n proper_o do_v imply_v a_o fault_n that_o be_v considerable_a &_o verba_fw-la poenam_fw-la imponentia_fw-la sunt_fw-la strictissime_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la as_o lawyer_n observe_v 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o if_o child_n who_o be_v not_o come_v to_o that_o age_n at_o which_o they_o be_v only_o punishable_a themselves_o shall_v burn_v the_o father_n house_n if_o the_o father_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o he_o be_v see_v accident_n without_o judgement_n be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n by_o repair_v the_o damage_n do_v yet_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v not_o because_o 1._o he_o who_o have_v no_o government_n by_o law_n of_o himself_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o misgovernance_n 2._o child_n in_o law_n be_v equiparat_fw-la to_o furious_a person_n or_o idiot_n and_o as_o the_o father_n can_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o his_o child_n be_v furious_a and_o idiot_n so_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v impuberes_fw-la 3._o quia_fw-la accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la naturam_fw-la svi_fw-la principalis_fw-la &_o subsidiarium_fw-la naturam_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la est_fw-la subsidiarum_fw-la and_o therefore_o where_o the_o child_n himself_o can_v be_v punish_v we_o ought_v to_o conclude_v that_o the_o father_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o he_o xi_o the_o doctor_n do_v conclude_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v bind_v not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o but_o likewise_o for_o the_o fault_n of_o any_o of_o the_o family_n who_o raise_v fire_n for_o have_v choose_v they_o himself_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v liable_a for_o their_o fault_n and_o he_o ought_v to_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o choose_v of_o better_a servant_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v restrict_v to_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o servant_n in_o their_o respective_a employment_n to_o which_o they_o be_v make_v overseer_n by_o master_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o cook_n shall_v leave_v the_o fire_n secure_o at_o night_n in_o the_o kitchen_n but_o a_o laquie_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n shall_v thereafter_o come_v in_o to_o the_o kitchen_n and_o scatter_v it_o so_o as_o that_o both_o their_o master_n and_o the_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v they_o conclude_v that_o the_o master_n will_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v up_o his_o neighbour_n damage_n since_o the_o master_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v the_o person_n choose_v by_o he_o have_v do_v his_o duty_n carpz_n part_n 1._o quest_n 39_o num_fw-la 51_o &_o 52._o but_o this_o seem_v unreasonable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o master_n shall_v not_o have_v choose_v any_o such_o servant_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o neighbour_n by_o who_o the_o prejudice_n be_v do_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v without_o the_o committer_n office_n or_o not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o person_n who_o do_v the_o injury_n be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o profligat_fw-la or_o vicious_a person_n before_o he_o be_v employ_v and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o it_o will_v secure_v neighbour_n and_o be_v advantageous_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o none_o shall_v employ_v servant_n who_o be_v not_o sufficient_a title_n x._o witchcraft_n 1._o wierus_n argument_n against_o the_o punish_n of_o witch_n with_o the_o answer_v thereto_o 2._o some_o observation_n which_o may_v persuade_v a_o judge_n to_o be_v cautious_a in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 3._o upon_o what_o presumption_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o 5._o paction_n with_o the_o devil_n 6._o renounce_v of_o baptism_n 7._o the_o devil_n mark_v 8._o threaten_v to_o do_v mischief_n how_o
killer_n shall_v not_o be_v capital_o punish_v albeit_o he_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n i_o likewise_o think_v that_o the_o fear_n of_o imprisonment_n by_o the_o defender_n may_v excuse_v from_o capital_a punishment_n see_v liberty_n be_v as_o dear_a as_o life_n and_o no_o man_n can_v be_v secure_a of_o his_o life_n if_o he_o be_v unjust_o imprison_v &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la aggressor_n qui_fw-la occasionem_fw-la praebuit_fw-la it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o will_v murder_v our_o friend_n or_o fellow-traveller_n which_o be_v account_v lawful_a though_o not_o self-defence_n which_o be_v extend_v also_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o all_o other_o because_o we_o shall_v love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o thief_n who_o in_o the_o night_n offer_v to_o break_v our_o house_n or_o steal_v our_o good_n even_o though_o he_o defend_v not_o himself_o because_o we_o know_v not_o but_o he_o design_n against_o our_o life_n and_o murder_n may_v be_v easy_o commit_v upon_o we_o in_o the_o night_n but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o thief_n who_o steal_v in_o the_o day_n time_n except_o he_o resist_v we_o when_o we_o offer_v to_o take_v he_o and_o present_v he_o to_o justice_n iv._o this_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n must_v be_v propon_v against_o the_o revelancy_n and_o must_v be_v condescend_v upon_o thus_o the_o pannal_n no_o way_n acknowledge_v the_o kill_n yet_o if_o he_o kill_v it_o be_v do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o the_o defunct_a draw_v a_o sword_n and_o thrust_v or_o offer_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v propon_v to_o the_o assize_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o hear_v this_o press_v but_o very_o unreasonable_o for_o this_o concern_v the_o relevancy_n to_o which_o the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a and_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o refer_v to_o ignorant_a assizer_n matter_n of_o such_o importance_n and_o which_o be_v oft_o so_o intricat_a in_o jure_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o assize_n and_o be_v not_o condescend_v upon_o and_o make_v relevant_a it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o accuser_n can_v know_v the_o accession_n of_o the_o panel_n till_o the_o witness_n first_o condescend_v upon_o it_o but_o the_o panel_n can_v but_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o his_o own_o self-defence_n and_o be_v not_o to_o learn_v that_o from_o other_o but_o yet_o though_o the_o proponer_n of_o a_o defence_n do_v in_o civilibus_fw-la acknowledge_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la the_o lybel_n yet_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la though_o the_o defender_n or_o panel_n prove_v not_o his_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n he_o will_v not_o be_v condemn_v except_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi prove_v the_o lybel_n v._o the_o way_n of_o prove_v this_o self-defence_n be_v by_o raise_v a_o precept_n of_o exculpation_n but_o be_v now_o only_o by_o a_o summons_n which_o express_v not_o so_o particular_o the_o defence_n in_o all_o its_o circumstance_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o help_v which_o it_o seem_v be_v unjust_a for_o the_o panel_n shall_v know_v what_o himself_o do_v nor_o shall_v a_o judge_n grant_v a_o precept_n for_o exculpation_n till_o he_o see_v that_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n for_o crave_v it_o this_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumtion_n by_o witness_n otherways_o declinable_a as_o cousens_n servant_n and_o witness_n who_o depone_v only_o upon_o credulity_n and_o the_o defence_n itself_o be_v once_o prove_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o it_o be_v do_v necessary_o and_o lawful_o &_o potius_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la quam_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la far._n quest_n 115._o part_n 7._o §_o 1._o and_o yet_o our_o law_n allow_v no_o witness_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o defence_n but_o such_o as_o it_o allow_v pursuit_n and_o witness_n lead_v in_o defence_n be_v more_o to_o be_v suspect_v for_o man_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o go_v all_o length_n in_o bring_v off_o the_o panel_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v assize_n of_o error_n against_o such_o as_o absolve_v a_o panel_n but_o none_o against_o those_o who_o condemn_v he_o before_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n self-defence_n be_v still_o sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n to_o elide_v the_o lybel_n of_o murder_n but_o it_o be_v oft_o ineffectual_a see_v there_o be_v no_o precept_n of_o exculpation_n then_o use_v and_o consequent_o except_o either_o the_o panel_n can_v have_v prove_v the_o inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la by_o the_o accuser_n own_o witness_n who_o be_v lead_v to_o prove_v the_o murder_n which_o be_v not_o secure_a see_v these_o who_o see_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o scuffle_n and_o first_o aggression_n may_v have_v be_v absent_a when_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v or_o that_o the_o witness_n will_v have_v voluntary_o appear_v which_o be_v a_o probable_a reason_n to_o set_v they_o they_o be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la testes_fw-la ultronii_fw-la the_o defence_n can_v not_o have_v be_v prove_v whether_o self-defence_n will_v defend_v or_o be_v lawful_a in_o paricid_n see_v more_o of_o this_o title_n exculpation_n vi_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v casual_o without_o either_o the_o fault_n or_o design_n of_o the_o killer_n as_o if_o a_o axe_n head_n shall_v fall_v off_o and_o kill_v a_o by_o slander_n or_o a_o rider_n shall_v kill_v with_o his_o horse_n foot_n in_o which_o case_n our_o law_n appoint_v that_o if_o the_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n forme_v foot_n than_o the_o rider_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o prejudice_n do_v and_o these_o satisfaction_n be_v call_v croo_n or_o galnes_n but_o where_o it_o be_v there_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v give_v croo_n or_o galnes_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o himself_o it_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v not_o as_o if_o the_o rider_n shall_v be_v punishable_a in_o that_o case_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o that_o the_o assythment_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o but_o the_o rider_n be_v not_o liable_a at_o all_o for_o what_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n hinder_v foot_n lib._n 4._o reg._n maj._n c._n 24._o casual_a slaughter_n or_o homicide_n then_o be_v that_o which_o be_v occasion_v by_o mistake_n and_o just_a ignorance_n for_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o affect_a ignorance_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n will_v not_o know_v what_o he_o may_v know_v his_o ignorance_n in_o that_o case_n will_v not_o make_v the_o murder_n follow_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v construct_v casual_a homicide_n but_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o gross_a and_o supina_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la it_o may_v be_v punishable_a by_o a_o extraordinary_a or_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o since_o such_o ignorance_n be_v a_o fault_n the_o murder_n occasion_v by_o it_o become_v culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a homicide_n as_o seem_v to_o i_o clear_a by_o c._n continebatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n lator_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a that_o the_o committer_n use_v all_o exact_a diligence_n to_o evite_v the_o crime_n else_o he_o be_v not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o casual_a homicide_n further_a instance_n whereof_o be_v if_o a_o mason_n before_o he_o throw_v down_o stone_n advertise_v all_o below_o though_o in_o throw_v he_o kill_v he_o be_v to_o be_v clear_v as_o innocent_a or_o if_o a_o hunter_n shoot_v at_o a_o beast_n but_o a_o man_n come_v in_o the_o way_n and_o be_v kill_v and_o yet_o if_o either_o the_o mason_n cry_v not_o or_o if_o the_o hunter_n do_v shoot_v in_o a_o place_n where_o people_n use_v to_o be_v he_o be_v guilty_a of_o faulty_a murder_n in_o these_o case_n which_o show_v clear_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o murder_n vii_o if_o the_o killer_n be_v employ_v about_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a either_o in_o itself_o or_o unlawful_a to_o the_o actor_n the_o murder_n ensue_v be_v think_v still_o casual_a murder_n since_o murder_n be_v not_o design_v if_o the_o committer_n do_v exact_a diligence_n to_o shun_v all_o murder_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o carry_v gun_n be_v unlawful_a with_o we_o and_o to_o hunt_v be_v unlawful_a to_o priest_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n if_o then_o a_o man_n have_v a_o gun_n illegal_o shall_v lay_v it_o up_o secure_o or_o a_o churchman_n shall_v kill_v a_o man_n whilst_o he_o do_v shoot_v at_o a_o beast_n in_o a_o remote_a place_n these_o act_n will_v not_o infer_v murder_n because_o there_o be_v no_o act_n do_v there_o with_o relation_n to_o murder_n covar_n ad_fw-la clement_a si_fw-la furiosus_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o committer_n versatur_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la but_o
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
stouthreif_n with_o we_o and_o roboria_n by_o the_o doctor_n than_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o of_o this_o afterward_o theft_n be_v likewise_o aggrage_v from_o the_o time_n as_o steal_v in_o the_o night_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o the_o thief_n defend_v himself_o and_o be_v arm_v l._n furem_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n but_o with_o we_o general_o a_o thief_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o person_n invade_v act_n 22._o ch._n 2_o p._n 1._o loss_n 1._o which_o may_v be_v extend_v also_o to_o such_o thief_n as_o be_v prepare_v to_o break_v the_o house_n of_o who_o have_v do_v it_o already_o and_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o time_n a_o house_n be_v burn_a or_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v wrack_v or_o in_o time_n of_o tumult_n or_o general_a desolation_n be_v high_o punishable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n either_o paena_fw-la fustium_fw-la cum_fw-la relegatione_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la and_o with_o we_o i_o think_v such_o thief_n shall_v die_v for_o both_o they_o add_v affliction_n to_o the_o afflict_a and_o so_o show_v very_o much_o malice_n as_o also_o the_o commit_a theft_n be_v then_o very_a easy_a and_o to_o these_o case_n i_o may_v add_v theft_n commit_v in_o time_n of_o pestilence_n fourteen_o as_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o these_o so_o it_o be_v extenuat_fw-la by_o other_o circumstance_n as_o 1._o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o say_v be_v 2._o a_o wife_n steal_v from_o her_o own_o husband_n be_v not_o so_o severe_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o in_o other_o case_n for_o in_o effect_n she_o have_v some_o interest_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o common_a law_n this_o be_v not_o pursuable_a as_o theft_n sed_fw-la actione_n renum_fw-la amotarum_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la servo_fw-la §_o item_n placuit_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furt_n but_o with_o we_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v pursue_v either_o wife_n or_o husband_n steal_v from_o one_o another_o though_o the_o party_n can_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o there_o be_v too_o much_o malice_n in_o such_o pursuite_n and_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n in_o that_o case_n rather_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o marriage_n then_o to_o have_v the_o crime_n punish_v 3._o he_o who_o steal_v from_o his_o debtor_n who_o will_v not_o pay_v he_o or_o steal_v what_o be_v rob_v from_o he_o be_v punishable_a but_o not_o by_o death_n clar._n num_fw-la 20._o the_o furt_n 4._o he_o who_o steal_v a_o thing_n of_o small_a value_n de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la of_o which_o former_o 5._o if_o the_o party_n from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o away-taken_a without_o his_o consent_n some_o lawyer_n think_v the_o crime_n be_v thereby_o purge_v which_o opinion_n other_o allow_v not_o except_o it_o be_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v presumption_n of_o a_o prior_n consent_n as_o the_o stealer_n good_a fame_n his_o friendship_n to_o the_o party_n accuse_v the_o relation_n by_o affinity_n or_o consanguinity_n etc._n etc._n but_o with_o we_o if_o the_o informer_n swear_v not_o the_o libel_n and_o depon_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v for_o aught_o he_o know_v the_o libel_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v 6._o if_o the_o taker_n have_v probable_a reason_n to_o presume_v the_o thing_n take_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o own_o than_o he_o be_v excuse_v from_o criminal_a punishment_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la questionem_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xv._n there_o be_v with_o we_o other_o statutory_a theft_n which_o be_v not_o so_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o such_o as_o the_o break_n of_o milnes_n etc._n etc._n act._n 82._o p._n 11._o i._o 6_o a_o salt_a or_o coalyer_n also_o leave_v his_o master_n without_o a_o sufficient_a testimonial_a or_o at_o least_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v for_o his_o removal_n and_o attest_v by_o the_o bailie_n or_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o thief_n act._n 11._o p._n 18._o i._o 6._o but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o such_o only_a as_o receive_v fee_n and_o wage_n from_o other_o be_v only_o punishable_a as_o such_o but_o not_o otherways_o and_o real_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o poor_a coalyer_n or_o salter_n may_v not_o leave_v that_o trade_n either_o to_o take_v another_o trade_n or_o for_o sickness_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n and_o that_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o hinder_v their_o go_n from_o one_o master_n to_o another_o stealer_n of_o pyk_n out_o of_o stank_n breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n orchard_n or_o yard_n stealer_n and_o destroyer_n of_o hive_n be_v punishable_a as_o thief_n and_o this_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o point_n of_o dittay_n and_o the_o unlaw_n to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o mend_n to_o the_o party_n conform_v to_o the_o skaith_n act._n 69._o p._n 6._o i._o 4._o but_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 2._o p._n i._n 1._o steal_v of_o green_a wood_n by_o night_n or_o peiler_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n shall_v pay_v forty_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n and_o assyth_v the_o party_n act._n 33.2_o p.i._n 1_o but_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 12_o act._n 4._o p._n i._n 5._o the_o break_n of_o dovecoat_n coney-gairs_a park_n or_o stank_n i._n e._n pond_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o theft_n but_o see_v that_o appoint_v not_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_n as_o theft_n as_o to_o the_o other_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1623._o two_o fellow_n call_v raith_n and_o deane_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n steal_v of_o bee-skeps_a and_o steal_v of_o sybow_n by_o the_o 84._o act_n 6._o p.i._n 6._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v haining-broom_n policy_n be_v for_o the_o first_o appoint_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o owner_n the_o avail_n and_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o second_o the_o avail_n and_o twenty_o pound_n for_o the_o three_o the_o avail_n and_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o iron_n for_o eight_o day_n for_o the_o second_o fifteen_o day_n for_o the_o three_o a_o month_n and_o to_o be_v scourge_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n by_o which_o act_n likewise_o the_o breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n conyingairs_n and_o park_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v the_o same_o way_n if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n they_o be_v to_o hang_v for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o these_o person_n abovenamed_a be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o that_o act_n though_o there_o be_v for_o break_v of_o dovecoat_n and_o park_n and_o so_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o former_a act_n be_v not_o abrogate_a by_o this_o act_n and_o this_o act_n declare_v that_o the_o punishment_n here_o prescribe_v shall_v be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o call_v the_o defender_n at_o justice_n court_n and_o all_o the_o innovation_n introduce_v by_o this_o act_n be_v that_o the_o offender_n may_v be_v try_v in_o their_o case_n by_o the_o baron_n or_o landlord_n within_o who_o land_n the_o wrong_n be_v commit_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n whereas_o landlord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a and_o by_o the_o sheriff_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v reid_v hand_n 2._o there_o be_v allow_v by_o this_o act_n a_o power_n to_o landlord_n to_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wrong_n do_v to_o their_o own_o tenant_n which_o regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o lawful_a it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o this_o and_o the_o 12_o act_n i._n 5._o p._n 4._o add_v still_o without_o the_o goodwill_n of_o the_o owner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o owner_n declaration_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o thief_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n because_o this_o statutory_a theft_n be_v only_o introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o this_o clause_n have_v else_o be_v uncnecessar_n 2._o it_o be_v presumable_a that_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o refuse_v his_o consent_n to_o kill_v a_o deer_n or_o coney_n and_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n invito_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n be_v not_o absolute_o â—â—â—ecessary_a as_o many_o lawyer_n carp_o observe_v and_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n may_v defend_v the_o party_n 8._o it_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o this_o act_n that_o theft_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o confession_n or_o witness_n and_o though_o other_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n yet_o this_o
shall_v not_o see_v death_n be_v so_o exorbitant_a a_o punishment_n 4._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o sheriff-depute_a or_o other_o depute_n may_v sit_v in_o case_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n himself_o and_o that_o the_o declinatur_fw-la which_o be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o one_o exclude_v not_o the_o other_o to_o take_v dove_n also_o which_o belong_v to_o their_o dovecoat_n or_o to_o kill_v they_o be_v repute_v theft_n l._n pomponius_n §_o pomponius_n ff_n fam_fw-la erisc_fw-la and_o by_o the_o doctor_n chass_n fol._n 1484._o for_o see_v these_o creature_n be_v ordinary_o tame_a now_o and_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n especial_o of_o the_o low_a country_n there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o wild_a dove_n it_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a to_o kill_v or_o shoot_v they_o as_o it_o be_v to_o shoot_v or_o hunt_v other_o wild_a beast_n the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o bee_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o hive_n be_v account_v theft_n l._n pomponius_n §_o pomponius_n ff_n fam_fw-la erisc_fw-la and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o germany_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 50._o for_o which_o though_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v regular_o inflict_v yet_o if_o the_o bee_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n or_o if_o the_o committer_n have_v be_v frequent_o deprehend_v in_o the_o like_a guilt_n than_o the_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o steal_v of_o bee_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n jac._n de_fw-fr bellovis_n pract_n crim_n cap._n 20._o num_fw-la 32._o but_o i_o think_v our_o law_n just_a which_o consider_v more_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o offender_n than_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o offence_n stealer_n likewise_o of_o pyk_n out_o of_o stank_n be_v forbid_v but_o not_o punish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v now_o punish_v arbitrar_o according_a to_o the_o differ_a circumstance_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 51._o xvi_o be_v and_o part_n depend_v in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o crime_n upon_o circumstance_n but_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n prescribe_v by_o farinaicius_fw-la quest_n 168._o be_v 1._o that_o he_o who_o give_v counsel_n or_o persuade_v to_o steal_v unpunishable_a as_o the_o thief_n 2._o he_o who_o assist_v especial_o 〈◊〉_d partake_v of_o the_o theft_n be_v guilty_a though_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o present_a 3._o he_o who_o recept_n the_o thing_n steal_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n conatus_fw-la or_o a_o design_n and_o essay_n to_o steal_v if_o no_o theft_n be_v commit_v be_v not_o punishable_a as_o theft_n l._n vulgaris_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o enter_v another_o man_n closet_n upon_o design_n to_o steal_v if_o he_o touch_v nothing_o be_v only_o punishable_a actione_n injuriarum_fw-la si_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la visi_fw-la vi_fw-la intravit_fw-la and_o with_o we_o i_o think_v that_o essay_v to_o steal_v shall_v not_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n see_v the_o essayer_n may_v have_v repent_v and_o see_v furtum_fw-la est_fw-la contrectatio_fw-la rei_fw-la alienae_n so_o before_o he_o touch_v any_o thing_n i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v call_v nor_o conscionable_o punish_v as_o a_o thief_n he_o who_o show_v the_o way_n to_o a_o thief_n be_v not_o a_o thief_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o with_o we_o this_o may_v be_v esteem_v art_n and_o part_n by_o that_o law_n likewise_o if_o one_o break_v the_o gate_n upon_o revenge_n and_o another_o enter_v and_o steal_v the_o breaker_n of_o the_o gate_n will_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o theft_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 53._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o he_o who_o break_v the_o gate_n will_v be_v liable_a for_o the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o steal_v because_o he_o occasion_v by_o unlawful_a mean_n the_o thing_n to_o be_v steal_v law_n have_v determine_v general_o that_o ut_fw-la furtum_fw-la nemo_fw-la facit_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la ita_fw-la nec_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la fert_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la &_o be_v consilium_fw-la that_fw-mi qui_fw-la furtum_fw-la persuadet_fw-la &_o be_v opem_fw-la fert_fw-la qui_fw-la ministerium_fw-la furto_fw-la praebet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o i_o conceive_v that_o there_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n a_o great_a difference_n to_o be_v put_v betwixt_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v only_o commit_v against_o our_o fortune_n and_o in_o case_n which_o may_v be_v repair_v wherein_o actual_a loss_n shall_v be_v more_o consider_v then_o attempt_n and_o these_o which_o be_v irreparable_a when_o commit_v and_o be_v attrocious_a and_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o our_o person_n wherein_o attempt_n shall_v be_v high_o punish_v if_o he_o who_o good_n be_v steal_v do_v require_v the_o master_n of_o the_o thief_n or_o he_o in_o who_o obeisance_n he_o be_v or_o with_o who_o he_o be_v find_v to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o he_o thaâ—â—â—â—tice_n may_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o the_o master_n or_o sustainer_n of_o the_o thief_n shall_v either_o deliver_v he_o up_o or_o present_v he_o to_o justice_n else_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n and_o art_n and_o part_n thereof_o i._o 5._o p._n 2._o act._n 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o word_n obeisance_n here_o use_v will_v seem_v to_o include_v vassal_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o these_o see_v it_o be_v restrict_v by_o the_o act_n to_o master_n and_o sustainer_n and_o by_o sustainer_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o entertain_v the_o thief_n at_o bed_n and_o board_n title_n xx._n theft-boot_n and_o recept_n 1._o what_o be_v theft-boot_n and_o by_o who_o commit_v 2._o what_o be_v recept_n of_o theft_n 3._o how_o recept_n of_o theft_n be_v punish_v 4._o the_o principal_a thief_n ought_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o the_o receptor_n 5._o how_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v for_o what_o be_v find_v with_o the_o wife_n &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la 6._o how_o servant_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o master_n theft_n 7._o how_o buyer_n of_o steal_a good_n be_v liable_a theft-boot_n be_v commit_v by_o secure_v a_o thief_n against_o the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n and_o proper_o it_o be_v when_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n who_o sell_v a_o thief_n or_o fine_o with_o he_o in_o theftdome_n commit_v or_o to_o be_v commit_v p._n 13._o i._o 6._o act_n 137._o and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n commit_v this_o crime_n loss_n his_o regality_n and_o barony_n id_fw-la est_fw-la his_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o lord_n of_o regality_n and_o as_o baron_n and_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o sheriff_n loss_n life_n and_o good_n theft-boot_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o any_o other_o person_n who_o take_v a_o ransom_n from_o a_o thief_n when_o he_o find_v he_o with_o the_o fang_n 3._o when_o a_o party_n who_o be_v lease_v transact_v with_o the_o thief_n and_o pass_v from_o the_o pursuit_n which_o be_v punishable_a because_o the_o public_a be_v by_o the_o crime_n wrong_v as_o well_o as_o he_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la to_o the_o moveable_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o be_v unjust_a that_o any_o private_a party_n shall_v have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o indemnify_v the_o transgressor_n and_o albeit_o their_o two_o last_o species_n of_o theft_n be_v not_o express_o contain_v in_o the_o act_n yet_o see_v the_o act_n bear_v that_o lord_n of_o regality_n sherriff_n nor_o other_o shall_v not_o sell_v etc._n etc._n under_o the_o word_n other_o general_o all_o transgressor_n be_v comprehend_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o he_o who_o transact_v with_o a_o thief_n for_o theft_n commit_v against_o himself_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o theft-boot_n and_o shall_v be_v punishable_a as_o the_o principal_a thief_n from_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o theft-boot_n in_o private_a person_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n whereas_o in_o the_o first_o act._n p._n 13._o i._o 6._o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n statute_v against_o private_a person_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o theft-boot_n only_o against_o judge_n transact_v or_o ransome_v and_o skeen_n verb._n bote._n define_v theft-boot_n to_o be_v when_o any_o person_n agree_v with_o a_o thief_n or_o put_v he_o from_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o jan._n 1665._o angus_z mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v by_o the_o sheriff_n depute_v of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n as_o he_o who_o have_v compon_v with_o a_o thief_n who_o have_v steal_v some_o meal_n from_o he_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n this_o pursuit_n to_o themselves_o because_o they_o think_v this_o crime_n of_o theft-boot_n in_o desuetude_n and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v to_o hear_v it_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v clear_o determine_v what_o theft-boot_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v extend_v ii_o the_o civil_a law_n know_v not_o such_o distinct_a
buy_v and_o present_o sell_v or_o within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v buy_v for_o the_o crime_n in_o this_o case_n be_v infer_v from_o the_o speciality_n of_o time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v though_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o fault_n except_o the_o panel_n have_v be_v convict_v for_o the_o first_o two_n which_o be_v spell_v likewise_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o be_v prejudge_v in_o his_o interest_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o confiscation_n by_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o advocate_n or_o any_o private_a informer_n by_o not_o pursue_v nor_o can_v that_o negligence_n purge_v their_o guilt_n or_o procure_v they_o a_o impunity_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a see_v crime_n and_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v commensurat_fw-la that_o these_o who_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o guilt_n for_o many_o year_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o punish_v than_o these_o who_o have_v but_o once_o incur_v the_o same_o title_n xxiv_o usury_n 1._o in_o what_o contract_v usury_n may_v be_v commit_v 2._o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_a than_o the_o quota_fw-la state_v by_o law_n be_v the_o first_o branch_n of_o usury_n 3._o the_o second_o be_v to_o take_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n 4._o the_o three_o be_v to_o take_v wodset_n in_o defraud_n of_o the_o law_n 5._o whether_o a_o clause_n not_o to_o redeem_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v usury_n 6._o the_o probation_n of_o this_o crime_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o usury_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o take_v more_o annualrent_a for_o any_o sum_n lend_v than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v proper_o in_o money_n &_o in_o mutuo_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v both_o by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n extend_v to_o other_o contract_n for_o with_o we_o it_o be_v commit_v in_o bargain_n of_o victual_n or_o tack_n as_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o therefore_o lawyer_n divide_v usury_n into_o that_o which_o they_o call_v direct_v usury_n quae_fw-la obtinet_fw-la tantum_fw-la in_o mutuo_fw-la and_o indirect_a usury_n which_o take_v place_n in_o other_o contract_n usury_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o usuram_fw-la manifestam_fw-la &_o velatam_fw-la which_o coincides_a almost_o with_o the_o former_a distinction_n by_o our_o old_a law_n usury_n can_v not_o have_v be_v pursue_v in_o the_o usurer_n own_o life_n but_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v he_o of_o it_o at_o any_o time_n before_o his_o death_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o the_o continuance_n in_o it_o which_o be_v punishable_a but_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o his_o heir_n may_v be_v forefault_v l._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 24._o and_o this_o skeen_n observe_v to_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o live_a usurer_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o of_o a_o dead_a usurer_n to_o the_o church_n ii_o the_o true_a method_n in_o this_o title_n be_v to_o clear_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o usury_n determine_v by_o our_o statute_n the_o first_o species_n thereof_o be_v whoever_o receive_v more_o annualrent_a than_o ten_o for_o each_o hundred_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n or_o usurer_n conform_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n already_o make_v par._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o cap._n 52._o and_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o prior_n law_n to_o this_o express_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n only_o it_o be_v say_v par._n 6._o ja._n 2._o act_n 23._o that_o keeper_n of_o victual_n to_o a_o dearth_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o usury_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o annualrent_a of_o money_n shall_v be_v at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n all_o annualrent_n be_v pay_v in_o scotland_n till_o 1661._o at_o which_o time_n the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v rescind_v whereupon_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o hugh_n roxburghs_n case_n march_z 23._o 1668._o whether_o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_n than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n after_o the_o year_n 1649._o can_v infer_v usury_n and_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v no_o law_n that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v ob_fw-la defectum_fw-la authoritatis_fw-la and_o without_o any_o salvo_fw-la as_o to_o what_o be_v pass_v 2._o the_o liedge_n may_v as_o well_o be_v punish_v now_o for_o transgress_v the_o penal_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o usurper_n see_v these_o be_v bind_v the_o time_n of_o the_o transgression_n and_o both_o want_n authority_n equal_o 3._o by_o the_o act_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 1._o session_n 1._o parl._n k._n ch._n 2._o such_o paction_n be_v only_o declare_v usurious_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la futura_fw-la &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la altetius_fw-la to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v in_o vigour_n till_o the_o year_n 1661._o ergo_fw-la before_o that_o time_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a therein_o prohibit_v and_o albeit_o the_o defect_n of_o authority_n may_v be_v plead_v where_o the_o crime_n commit_v depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o authority_n controvert_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v not_o see_v usury_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o all_o law_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quota_fw-la which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o rebellion_n for_o which_o that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v but_o be_v a_o reasonable_a and_o universal_a good_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o present_a parliament_n and_o those_o who_o take_v annualrent_a during_o that_o time_n at_o more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n do_v in_o so_o far_o oppress_v their_o debtor_n beyond_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v punish_v 2._o by_o the_o act_n anent_o penal_a statute_n 1661._o usury_n be_v except_v from_o the_o penal_a statute_n therein_o abridge_v which_o need_v not_o if_o the_o take_v more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o year_n immediate_o precede_v have_v not_o be_v usury_n 3._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v still_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_n even_o during_o these_o year_n to_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o law_n have_v not_o warrant_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o wauchop_n and_o lawder_n 1665._o for_o if_o that_o act_n be_v in_o force_n then_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o take_v more_o than_o be_v therein_o command_v if_o it_o be_v not_o abrogate_a then_o the_o former_a act_n 1648._o appoint_v eight_o per_n cent_n be_v in_o vigour_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_a to_o six_o against_o a_o express_a law_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o justice_n incline_v to_o think_v that_o though_o the_o act_n 1649._o be_v abrogate_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o decision_n of_o civil_a case_n because_o all_o bargain_n be_v then_o make_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o quota_fw-la thereby_o determine_v &_o erat_fw-la lex_fw-la habita_fw-la &_o reputata_fw-la but_o that_o be_v abrogate_a it_o can_v not_o find_v sufficient_o a_o criminal_a action_n to_o infer_v so_o severe_a a_o punishment_n as_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v main_o such_o because_o authority_n be_v contemn_v and_o contempt_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n where_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v to_o employ_v his_o stock_n upon_o merchandise_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v get_v far_o more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o stock_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o friend_n then_o in_o great_a strait_n lend_v he_o his_o money_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n profit_n if_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o usurer_n and_o albeit_o our_o law_n be_v general_a yet_o here_o ab_fw-la est_fw-la animus_n faenerandi_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o advantage_n take_v of_o the_o debtor_n necessity_n for_o which_o usury_n be_v main_o punishable_a and_o i_o find_v that_o abbas_n c._n naviganti_fw-la de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 13._o &_o socin_n tract_n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 75._o do_v conclude_v this_o to_o be_v no_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o some_o judicious_a lawyer_n with_o we_o do_v at_o a_o consultation_n upon_o this_o same_o case_n conclude_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o receive_v this_o exception_n see_v
they_o be_v tie_v to_o strict_a law_n but_o they_o think_v that_o the_o council_n may_v allow_v some_o mitigation_n iii_o another_o species_n of_o usury_n by_o our_o law_n be_v to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o retain_v a_o year_n annualrent_a when_o the_o money_n be_v first_o lend_v and_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v usury_n by_o the_o 222._o act_n parl._n 14._o k._n ja._n 6._o and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 28._o act._n parl._n 23._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o last_n it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v detain_v the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o shall_v edict_n crave_v or_o receive_v from_o the_o debtor_n annualrent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o principal_a sum_n or_o whosoever_o shall_v exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_a shall_v commit_v usury_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o principal_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o puniebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la plus_fw-la petebant_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la tempore_fw-la petere_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la qui_fw-la petebas_fw-la ante_fw-la tempus_fw-la debito_fw-la constitutum_fw-la upon_o these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n forbid_v the_o exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o be_v a_o dittay_n found_v against_o purdie_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o for_o take_v ten_o pound_n scot_n as_o the_o annualrent_n of_o fifty_o mark_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o july_n whereas_o no_o annualrent_n be_v due_a till_o martimas_n that_o year_n against_o which_o dittay_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o this_o species_n of_o the_o dittay_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v either_o beyond_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n to_o salve_v which_o it_o be_v infer_v or_o beyond_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v interest_n before_o hand_n but_o that_o they_o may_v voluntary_o pay_v their_o annualrent_n without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o receiver_n which_o may_v sometime_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o payer_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n who_o be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n at_o martimas_n may_v be_v for_o his_o own_o advantage_n desirous_a that_o his_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o annualrent_n in_o september_n because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o pay_v they_o at_o martimas_n and_o may_v be_v either_o at_o expense_n or_o in_o hazard_n to_o send_v they_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o receiver_n here_o have_v raise_v no_o charge_n of_o horning_n nor_o use_v no_o other_o diligence_n for_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_n his_o voluntar_n offer_v of_o they_o shall_v not_o prejudge_v the_o receiver_n especial_o see_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o evit_v of_o oppression_n in_o exact_v money_n before_o the_o term_n be_v that_o against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o guard_v 2._o though_o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exact_v crave_v or_o receive_v annualrent_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n be_v express_o forbid_v yet_o when_o the_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n found_v upon_o in_o this_o dittay_n the_o act_n speak_v only_o thereof_o crave_v or_o exact_v but_o do_v not_o forbid_v simple_o receive_v 3._o consuetudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la mala_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la excusat_fw-la usurarium_fw-la à _fw-la pena_fw-la bar._n in_fw-la lege_fw-la siquis_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la ff_n edil_n edict_n socinus_n consilio_fw-la 170._o and_o it_o be_v very_a notour_n that_o in_o this_o caise_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n then_o for_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n in_o scotland_n to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n from_o willing_a debtor_n either_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n or_o to_o gratify_v their_o debtor_n upon_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unjust_a that_o the_o panel_n who_o be_v a_o poor_a merchant_n shall_v ensnare_v himself_o in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la think_v himself_o warrant_v in_o what_o he_o do_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o most_o intelligent_a person_n therein_o 4._o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n nor_o shall_v severe_a and_o statutory_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o error_n where_o no_o person_n be_v any_o way_n considerable_o prejudge_v and_o in_o which_o it_o can_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v any_o guilt_n see_v the_o advantage_n be_v so_o small_a for_o the_o only_a share_n the_o panel_n reap_v of_o this_o be_v the_o annualrent_a of_o ten_o pound_n from_o july_n to_o martimas_n which_o can_v not_o exceed_v three_o shilling_n scot_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v a_o honest_a sincere_a merchant_n who_o be_v otherwise_o intigerrimae_fw-la famae_fw-la guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o movable_n and_o infamy_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n who_o be_v not_o as_o the_o justice_n tie_v to_o strict_a law_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o dittay_v relevant_a as_o found_v upon_o the_o above-written_a clause_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n but_o the_o ground_n above_o relate_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o council_n they_o rescind_v the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o justice_n do_v again_o condemn_v hugh_n roxburgh_n 28._o of_o november_n 1668._o upon_o the_o same_o act_n and_o like_o dittay_n but_o that_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v likewise_o stop_v by_o the_o council_n iv._o the_o three_o species_n of_o statutory_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n colour_n their_o fraud_n by_o take_v not_o more_o anualrent_a direct_o then_o that_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lew_n but_o take_v wodset_n of_o land_n from_o the_o borrower_n for_o more_o than_o their_o annualrent_n can_v extend_v to_o and_o set_v back-tack_n to_o they_o for_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o to_o prevent_v which_o and_o all_o such_o usury_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o law_n usura_fw-la velata_fw-la it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 247._o act_n parl._n 15._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o whoever_o receive_v such_o wodset_n or_o enter_v into_o any_o such_o bargain_n for_o which_o more_o be_v take_v either_o in_o money_n or_o by_o any_o other_o transaction_n whereby_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v may_v be_v reduce_v in_o money_n to_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n annualrent_n upon_o whatsoever_o colour_n or_o pretext_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o by_o the_o 62._o act_n par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v usury_n to_o receive_v proper_a wodset_n of_o land_n and_o other_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o bear_v by_o express_a provision_n that_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o hazard_n of_o the_o fruit_n tenant_n war_n or_o trouble_v for_o clear_v of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o wodset_n with_o we_o be_v either_o proper_a or_o improper_a proper_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n run_v all_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n wodset_v to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o more_o annualrent_a for_o his_o money_n than_o what_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n remain_v after_o all_o hazard_n improper_a wodset_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v only_o countable_a for_o what_o rent_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o lender_n nor_o be_v he_o liable_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o bankrupt-tennent_n warrant_v pestilence_n which_o distinction_n found_v upon_o these_o hazard_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o common_a law_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o certain_a gain_n he_o who_o get_v for_o his_o money_n but_o a_o hazard_n of_o gain_n commit_v not_o usury_n for_o that_o be_v emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o if_o i_o shall_v lend_v money_n and_o get_v for_o my_o security_n the_o hazard_n of_o what_o rent_n can_v be_v collect_v from_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n come_v from_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o law_n allow_v fenus_fw-la nauticus_fw-la to_o be_v much_o great_a than_o all_o other_o see_v the_o lender_n run_v the_o risk_a therein_o of_o all_o sea_n hazard_n but_o if_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o may_v compense_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o annualrent_a take_v beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o excuse_v not_o from_o usury_n as_o if_o a_o wodset_n be_v grant_v of_o a_o miln_n or_o salmond_n fish_v if_o the_o say_a rent_n do_v ordinary_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n by_o any_o considerable_a excess_n
than_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o wodset_n commit_v usury_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o hazard_n and_o this_o bring_v to_o my_o memory_n a_o case_n debate_v upon_o the_o 22._o of_o january_n 1672._o wherein_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v his_o debtor_n obliedge_v to_o pay_v he_o a_o boll_n for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o every_o hundred_o mark_v which_o according_a to_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n do_v for_o the_o two_o year_n of_o his_o wodset_n extend_v to_o five_o pound_v the_o boll_n and_o so_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_a by_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o boll_n yet_o this_o be_v find_v no_o usury_n because_o he_o in_o that_o case_n take_v his_o hazard_n of_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n which_o may_v have_v be_v much_o low_a and_o because_o that_o the_o price_n of_o victual_n vary_v much_o according_a to_o the_o several_a shire_n and_o year_n and_o lest_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o uncertainty_n in_o criminal_a case_n which_o be_v dangerous_a therefore_o by_o the_o 122._o act_n ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v take_v more_o profit_n then_o according_a to_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o five_o bolls_n of_o victual_n which_o the_o annualrent_a be_v then_o at_o ten_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o at_o six_o do_v allow_v according_a to_o that_o probation_n two_o bolls_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o only_o one_o boll_n take_v here_o for_o the_o annualrent_a for_o the_o hundred_o mark_v nor_o be_v this_o act_n abrogat_fw-la by_o the_o act_n 247._o par._n 15._o because_o though_o that_o be_v posterior_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la this_o act_n nor_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v abrogat_fw-la for_o avoid_v of_o uncertainty_n as_o say_v be_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o undertake_n of_o hazard_n hinder_v the_o take_n of_o advantageous_a tack_n to_o infer_v usury_n as_o be_v decide_v september_n 1668._o wherein_o robert_n lawder_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o tack_n of_o two_o butt_n of_o land_n and_o a_o dovecoat_n for_o four_o year_n which_o pay_v fifty_o mark_n yearly_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o that_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o annuulrent_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n which_o tack_v do_v bear_v this_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o first_o year_n robert_n be_v pay_v he_o shall_v defalck_n so_o much_o of_o the_o annualrent_a proportional_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o clause_n he_o refuse_v to_o count_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o defender_n that_o the_o tacks-man_n have_v run_v a_o hazard_n because_o he_o may_v have_v be_v disappoint_v of_o all_o duty_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o will_v have_v get_v no_o relief_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o same_o hazard_n be_v in_o wodset_n and_o yet_o the_o take_v a_o wodset_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n make_v the_o wodsetter_n incur_v the_o crime_n of_o usury_n nor_o can_v this_o hazard_n defend_v because_o it_o be_v not_o great_a and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o hazard_n in_o it_o not_o can_v the_o danger_n be_v here_o object_v see_v after_o expire_a of_o the_o year_n the_o receiver_n offer_v to_o count_n with_o the_o lender_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o both_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n to_o which_o it_o be_v triply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n discharge_v usurary_n wodset_n do_v not_o discharge_v tack_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o usury_n betwixt_o tack_n and_o wodset_n for_o wodsetter_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o require_v their_o money_n from_o the_o debtor_n so_o that_o they_o lose_v not_o the_o sum_n though_o they_o lose_v their_o rent_n but_o tacksman_n lose_v all_o if_o their_o tack_n duty_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o as_o to_o their_o offer_n of_o count_v that_o be_v only_o competent_a after_o the_o first_o year_n it_o can_v not_o be_v object_v thereafter_o and_o the_o danger_n be_v pass_v before_o the_o offer_n the_o four_o degree_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v to_o take_v bud_v or_o bribe_v for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n or_o for_o continue_v it_o when_o it_o be_v lend_v whereupon_o many_o debate_n do_v arise_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o debtor_n give_v a_o gratuity_n to_o his_o creditor_n be_v oft_o actus_fw-la animi_fw-la be_v hard_o to_o be_v prove_v but_o general_o it_o be_v sustain_v that_o a_o proceed_n treaty_n must_v be_v prove_v or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v manifestus_fw-la that_o be_v a_o ordinar_n usurer_n for_o else_o to_o receive_v a_o gratuity_n be_v no_o crime_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o friend_n i_o shall_v become_v uncapable_a of_o a_o donation_n from_o he_o v._o the_o common_a law_n also_o sustain_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n if_o a_o man_n wodset_v his_o land_n and_o in_o the_o wodset_n provide_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o redeem_v betwixt_o and_o a_o definit_a time_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o presume_v that_o the_o wodset_n grant_a adject_n this_o because_o of_o some_o know_a advantage_n and_o this_o be_v to_o take_v more_o advantage_n for_o money_n then_o the_o annualrent_a molm._n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la but_o this_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o be_v usury_n nor_o do_v they_o find_v it_o a_o unlawful_a paction_n in_o the_o action_n betwixt_o sir_n john_n drummond_n and_o achtertyr_n and_o in_o effect_n these_o paction_n be_v allow_v by_o act_n 62._o p._n 1._o k._n c._n 1._o s._n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v annualrent_a for_o annualrent_a at_o least_o it_o be_v declare_v unlawful_a l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr and_o i_o conceive_v that_o to_o swell_v up_o annualrent_n thus_o beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v will_v infer_v usury_n with_o we_o for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v thus_o cheat_v but_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v unlawful_a and_o usury_n to_o accumulat_fw-la annualrent_n with_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o to_o make_v both_o bear_v annualrent_a which_o be_v call_v anatocismus_fw-la and_o be_v discharge_v l._n 28._o c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr yet_o with_o we_o such_o paction_n be_v most_o lawful_a for_o since_o if_o the_o annual_n have_v be_v pay_v they_o have_v bear_v annual_n why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v lend_v out_o to_o the_o debtor_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o vi_o the_o probation_n of_o usury_n be_v either_o by_o writ_n witness_n or_o oath_n as_o to_o write_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v recover_v it_o for_o instruct_v his_o libel_n the_o writ_n be_v ordinary_o in_o the_o usurer_n own_o hand_n and_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la contra_fw-la se._n and_o yet_o i_o find_v lawyer_n very_o clear_a that_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la bartol_n &_o doctores_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n praetor_n §_o be_v etiam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr edendo_fw-la arelat_n de_fw-fr heretic_n notabil_n 21._o and_o see_v with_o we_o usurer_n be_v obliedge_v to_o swear_v against_o the_o common_a criminal_a rule_n because_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o crime_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v their_o writ_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a maxim_n that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o hold_v not_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o improbation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v force_v the_o defender_n upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o falsehood_n to_o produce_v all_o his_o writ_n and_o why_o not_o in_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o advise_v in_o such_o case_n to_o raise_v a_o exhibition_n as_o to_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n it_o be_v doubt_v if_o the_o debtor_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n may_v be_v receive_v as_o witness_v see_v he_o be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o take_v as_o well_o as_o to_o give_v upon_o usury_n but_o with_o we_o these_o be_v receive_v as_o hissleside_n in_o somervel_n case_n 18._o jan._n 1667._o but_o thereafter_o the_o justice_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o sustain_v the_o debtor_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n 11._o november_n 1667._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n contra_fw-la wilson_n and_o that_o because_o by_o the_o 7._o act_n p._n 16._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n and_o witness_n insert_v without_o receive_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n for_o evit_v perjury_n nor_o will_v the_o justice_n sustain_v as_o a_o reply_n that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_a in_o this_o case_n have_v pay_v the_o
qualitate_fw-la gravissime_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n there_o be_v no_o punishment_n express_v to_o that_o special_a kind_n of_o falsehood_n and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsum_fw-la and_o though_o matheus_n do_v infer_v this_o to_o be_v capital_o punish_v from_o l._n 3._o l._n jul_a maje_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o man_n pretend_v false_o that_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n which_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v l._n 27._o h._n t._n and_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n which_o be_v punish_v dicta_fw-la l._n 3._o iv._o because_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n do_v ofttimes_o arise_v upon_o paper_n produce_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o because_o the_o trial_n thereof_o require_v a_o exact_a and_o long_o and_o a_o much_o more_o tedious_a search_n than_o the_o form_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v allow_v who_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n therefore_o by_o the_o act_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o albeit_o that_o act_n do_v not_o express_v their_o jurisdiction_n to_o be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o a_o accumulat_fw-la accusation_n of_o theft_n and_o falsehood_n pursue_v by_o the_o lord_n blantire_n against_o m_o cculloch_n his_o servant_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v to_o judge_v the_o falsehood_n but_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n in_o a_o improbation_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la do_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o that_o of_o divorce_n do_v to_o the_o commissary_n for_o else_o most_o of_o all_o falsehood_n will_v be_v only_o pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o trial_n there_o be_v much_o short_a and_o less_o expensive_a than_o before_o the_o lord_n whereas_o i_o find_v not_o any_o action_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la record_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n v._o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o proceed_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n summarie_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la simplicis_fw-la quaerelae_fw-la upon_o a_o bill_n without_o any_o formal_a summons_n and_o thus_o they_o find_v binnie_n a_o falsary_a for_o counterfeit_v the_o signet_n jun_n 1666._o but_o this_o they_o do_v only_o in_o two_o case_n 1._o when_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n 2._o when_o the_o signet_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o proâ—esse_n be_v ex_fw-la recenti_fw-la falsify_v the_o way_n of_o procedor_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v this_o a_o summons_n of_o improbation_n be_v raise_v and_o continue_v and_o three_o term_n of_o old_a but_o now_o two_o only_o be_v by_o the_o regulation_n give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o produce_v the_o writ_n call_v for_o to_o be_v improve_v if_o the_o paper_n call_v for_o be_v not_o produce_v certification_n be_v grant_v against_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v such_o as_o can_v never_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o true_a paper_n in_o any_o time_n come_v but_o upon_o this_o presumptive_a improbation_n whereby_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o perfictionem_fw-la juris_fw-la declare_v null_n the_o party_n who_o be_v call_v to_o produce_v they_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o forger_n or_o punish_v as_o such_o for_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la or_o that_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o paper_n as_o be_v call_v for_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o certification_n grant_v or_o any_o further_a inquiry_n make_v into_o the_o falsehood_n itself_o till_o november_n 1669._o at_o which_o time_n certification_n have_v be_v grant_v against_o some_o paper_n make_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o captain_n barclay_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o may_v proceed_v a_o little_a further_o by_o examine_v the_o witness_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o have_v never_o be_v do_v 2._o that_o non_fw-la constabat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la 3._o that_o by_o the_o certification_n res_fw-la erat_fw-la judicata_fw-la and_o so_o the_o lord_n functierant_fw-la officio_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o writ_n be_v improve_v be_v no_o long_o dangerous_a non_fw-la erat_fw-la amplius_fw-la nociva_fw-la &_o nullus_fw-la potest_fw-la puniri_fw-la defalso_fw-la ubi_fw-la falsum_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la nocivum_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o a_o person_n who_o falsify_v writ_n may_v destroy_v they_o when_o he_o find_v they_o can_v not_o be_v advantageous_a and_o so_o escape_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hazard_n in_o this_o because_o if_o the_o forger_n use_v they_o not_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o no_o person_n can_v be_v prejudge_v but_o if_o he_o do_v the_o party_n injure_v may_v force_v he_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o clerk_n hand_n and_o intent_n and_o improbation_n by_o the_o 62._o act._n 7._o parl._n q._n m._n the_o judge_n be_v allow_v to_o exact_a caution_n from_o such_o as_o propon_n improbation_n and_o though_o some_o doubt_n whether_o this_o caution_n may_v be_v exact_v as_o well_o when_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n as_o when_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o action_n yet_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v the_o same_o it_o both_o and_o that_o by_o the_o act_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o extend_v as_o well_o at_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o summons_n as_o at_o the_o propon_n of_o the_o objection_n and_o that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o doubt_n and_o this_o it_o be_v decide_v the_o 25._o of_o jun_n 1675._o the_o sum_n for_o which_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o though_o this_o statute_n appoint_v only_a caution_n to_o be_v find_v yet_o the_o lord_n do_v ordain_v the_o money_n ofttimes_o to_o be_v consign_v vi_o there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o improve_n a_o writ_n viz._n the_o direct_a and_o indirect_a manner_n the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v by_o the_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v the_o indirect_a manner_n be_v by_o witness_n not_o insert_v but_o by_o presumption_n and_o other_o extrinsic_a argument_n but_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o our_o law_n that_o whilst_o the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v extant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v whilst_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v be_v alive_a no_o trial_n can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o direct_a manner_n we_o have_v this_o general_a maxim_n viz._n that_o such_o witness_n as_o be_v dead_a be_v prove_v witness_n but_o this_o hold_v only_o presumptive_a for_o if_o of_o five_o witness_n insert_v two_o shall_v improve_v the_o other_o three_o be_v dead_a the_o writ_n will_v be_v declare_v false_a whereas_o if_o these_o three_o be_v alive_a and_o do_v formal_o approve_v the_o writ_n will_v subsist_v though_o improven_v by_o two_o to_o prevent_v falsehood_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o evident_n our_o law_n in_o place_n of_o seal_n which_o be_v use_v of_o old_a and_o which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o counterfeit_v do_v by_o the_o 117._o act_n 7._o parl._n i._o â—_o require_v that_o all_o evident_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n and_o by_o the_o 80._o act_n parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o all_o writ_n of_o importance_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o principal_a party_n if_o they_o can_v subscribe_v or_o by_o two_o famous_a notar_n before_o four_o famous_a witness_n denominat_fw-la by_o thâ—â—_n special_a dwelling_n or_o by_o some_o evident_a token_n by_o which_o the_o witness_n may_v be_v know_v and_o though_o usual_o man_n take_v writ_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n subscribe_v before_o any_o witness_n yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o imprudent_a for_o if_o i_o take_v a_o gentleman_n two_o servant_n or_o a_o father_n two_o son_n when_o the_o master_n or_o father_n be_v disponer_n witness_n to_o their_o disposition_n or_o bond_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v deny_v his_o subscription_n the_o writ_n will_v be_v null_a as_o be_v find_v in_o commissar_n fleeming_n case_v and_o if_o both_o deny_v their_o subscription_n the_o writ_n ought_v in_o strict_a law_n to_o be_v declare_v false_a but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v pregnant_a circumstance_n and_o adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o subscription_n i_o conceive_v the_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v improven_v even_o though_o these_o interest_v witness_n shall_v deny_v their_o subscription_n from_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o witness_n shall_v be_v special_o design_v to_o the_o end_n
to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
act_n except_o he_o first_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o wrong_n here_o commit_v be_v a_o crime_n for_o the_o act_n run_v only_o in_o such_o case_n as_o may_v be_v civil_o or_o criminal_o pursue_v iv._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o albeit_o this_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o they_o differ_v in_o many_o point_n as_o 1._o the_o person_n of_o labourer_n can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o that_o law_n but_o by_o we_o they_o may_v 2._o by_o that_o law_n no_o distinction_n be_v make_v whether_o there_o be_v other_o poindable_a good_n or_o not_o but_o by_o we_o these_o particular_n may_v be_v poind_v or_o land_n may_v be_v apprize_v and_o therefore_o such_o as_o raise_v criminal_a letter_n upon_o this_o act_n shall_v libel_v that_o such_o good_n be_v poind_v in_o labour_a time_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n or_o debtor_n have_v other_o good_n and_o land_n against_o which_o the_o creditor_n can_v have_v have_v execution_n albeit_o i_o think_v he_o be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v this_o but_o that_o this_o be_v ex_fw-la eorum_fw-la numero_fw-la quae_fw-la allegari_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probari_fw-la debent_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n be_v produce_v bear_v that_o he_o search_v and_o can_v find_v no_o other_o movable_n i_o think_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o messenger_n execution_n shall_v make_v faith_n except_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi offer_v instant_o to_o condescend_v upon_o these_o other_o movable_n that_o be_v extant_a and_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o i_o find_v that_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n bear_v in_o a_o apprize_n that_o he_o search_v but_o can_v find_v no_o movable_n they_o be_v so_o far_o believe_v that_o no_o contrary_a probation_n will_v be_v receive_v for_o else_o all_o comprizng_n may_v be_v reduce_v yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o case_n be_v not_o alike_o here_o for_o the_o act_n be_v so_o express_v it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v against_o a_o crime_n though_o not_o to_o reduce_v a_o real_a diligence_n that_o other_o movable_n be_v extant_a under_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o act_n be_v comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o good_n that_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n but_o these_o horse_n which_o lead_v foggage_n for_o without_o these_o land_n can_v be_v labour_v and_o so_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n extend_v to_o they_o likea_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v separat_o and_o distinct_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n nor_o be_v these_o word_n that_o labour_v the_o ground_n exegetick_a only_o by_o these_o word_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v mean_v not_o only_a when_o the_o beast_n be_v actual_o labour_v but_o the_o season_n of_o labour_v and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o striek_v to_o upseed_n time_n and_o therefore_o good_n that_o have_v once_o till_v though_o in_o october_n seem_v not_o poindable_a for_o then_o labour_a be_v as_o necessary_a as_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v the_o 15._o of_o november_n 1627._o and_o the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1628._o because_o as_o be_v there_o allege_a by_o durie_n october_n be_v not_o the_o season_n of_o labour_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o horse_n lead_v foggage_n in_o june_n and_o july_n can_v be_v poind_v for_o that_o be_v the_o season_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o labour_v title_n xxxii_o bear_v of_o unlawful_a weapon_n 1._o what_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o what_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o it_o i._o bear_v of_o hagbut_n pistol_n and_o other_o firework_n be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o amputation_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n parliament_n 16._o ja._n 6._o the_o bear_n of_o such_o weapon_n be_v forbid_v though_o no_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o wearer_n who_o may_v be_v pursue_v either_o before_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n and_o the_o punishment_n by_o the_o council_n be_v declare_v not_o to_o be_v corporal_a but_o only_a confiscation_n of_o their_o moveable_n or_o syne_v and_o imprisonment_n but_o prejudice_n of_o any_o pursuit_n before_o the_o justice_n court_n who_o it_o appear_v may_v inflict_v the_o former_a punishment_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o right_a hand_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o by_o this_o act_n the_o panel_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n before_o the_o justice_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o any_o crime_n except_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o the_o probation_n by_o oath_n be_v indefinite_o subjoin_v to_o pursuit_n before_o the_o justice_n or_o council_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v immediate_o precede_v yet_o that_o probation_n by_o oath_n seem_v not_o to_o relate_v sole_o to_o the_o procedure_n before_o the_o council_n for_o when_o the_o procedure_n before_o the_o council_n be_v repeat_v the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v only_o there_o mention_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o print_n of_o this_o act_n for_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o when_o this_o crime_n be_v prove_v before_o the_o council_n by_o witness_n that_o no_o amputation_n shall_v be_v remit_v and_o yet_o this_o privilege_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o those_o against_o who_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n it_o be_v observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o the_o council_n may_v force_v such_o as_o be_v pursue_v before_o they_o to_o give_v their_o oath_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la crimen_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la probare_fw-la by_o this_o act_n likewise_o all_o licence_n to_o bear_v their_o weapon_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v pass_v in_o council_n and_o to_o pay_v a_o composition_n to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o to_o pass_v his_o register_n and_o all_o the_o seal_n else_o to_o be_v null_a ii_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o bear_n of_o these_o weapon_n be_v a_o crime_n also_o l._n 11._o c._n ut_fw-la armorum_fw-la usus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n c._n 1._o §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la tenenda_fw-la &_o tenebatur_fw-la paena_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la publica_fw-la which_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o gloss_n observe_v that_o the_o carry_v of_o such_o arm_n be_v repute_v public_a violence_n though_o no_o prejudice_n be_v do_v which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o only_a firework_n or_o engine_n shall_v be_v forbid_v by_o that_o act._n nor_o can_v the_o carry_v pike_n sword_n or_o any_o other_o weapon_n be_v punish_v by_o that_o act._n by_o the_o civil_a law_n likewise_o the_o prohibit_v arm_n be_v confiscate_v and_o marsil_n in_o prac_n §_o pro_fw-la complemento_fw-la n._n 12._o carerius_fw-la &_o clar._n declare_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n both_o of_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n the_o arm_n be_v confiscate_v albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o confiscation_n by_o the_o statute_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o true_a owner_n have_v lend_v they_o without_o be_v conscious_a to_o the_o crime_n will_v loss_n they_o and_o i_o think_v not_o but_o keep_v of_o such_o weapon_n at_o home_n be_v not_o punishable_a neither_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n nor_o common_a law_n by_o which_o likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o travel_v to_o bear_v such_o weapon_n for_o their_o own_o preservation_n &_o generaliter_fw-la licet_fw-la portare_fw-la arma_fw-la defensiva_fw-la but_o our_o law_n allow_v no_o such_o distinction_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o john_n macknaughton_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n for_o bear_v forbid_v weapon_n they_o repel_v this_o defence_n viz._n that_o he_o be_v travel_v unless_o the_o journey_n can_v have_v be_v allege_v necessary_a for_o else_o the_o act_n may_v still_o be_v elude_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o highland_n to_o go_v still_o well_o attendded_a and_o arm_a which_o defence_n seem_v to_o some_o ill_n repel_v for_o self-defence_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n excuse_v still_o from_o this_o crime_n farinac_n de_fw-fr diver_n crim_n questi_fw-la 108._o by_o the_o common_a law_n offensive_a arm_n such_o as_o sword_n and_o pistol_n be_v forbid_v and_o the_o bearer_n punish_v albeit_o no_o prejudice_n follow_v but_o the_o carry_a stone_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o ex_fw-la sua_fw-la natura_fw-la offensiva_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a if_o violence_n be_v do_v by_o the_o bearer_n l._n armorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n iii_o their_o pursuit_n be_v more_o ordinary_o before_o the_o council_n than_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o be_v ordinary_a libel_v as_o a_o aggravation_n rather_o than_o a_o crime_n thus_o i_o find_v william_n hamiltoun_n pursue_v for_o wear_v of_o pistol_n and_o present_v one_o to_o the_o provost_n of_o edinburgh_n whereupon_o he_o come_v in_o will_n and_o be_v banish_v
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o
oppression_n to_o exact_v more_o fraught_v from_o passenger_n or_o great_a price_n for_o weaver_n and_o handiwork_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v and_o usual_a act_n 21_o and_o 23._o parl._n 5._o q._n m._n it_o be_v oppression_n to_o stop_v or_o make_v impediment_n of_o common_a high_a way_n to_z or_o from_o burgh_n act_n 54._o parl._n 6._o q_o m._n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o officer_n to_o extort_v the_o liege_n act_n 33._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o &_o act_n 83._o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o or_o to_o put_v out_o or_o put_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o assizour_n give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o in_o which_o last_o act_n common_a oppressor_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n oppression_n be_v also_o punishable_a by_o death_n act._n 42._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 4._o act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o vii_o because_o ofttimes_o in_o their_o case_n the_o panel_n pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v take_v by_o force_n be_v his_o own_o or_o that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a thereto_o therefore_o except_o the_o violence_n be_v very_o great_a the_o justice_n use_n to_o ordain_v the_o matter_n of_o right_a to_o be_v first_o discuss_v before_o the_o civil_a judge_n as_o be_v find_v in_o novemb_n 1675_o in_o the_o case_n of_o inglis_n of_o east-sheilds_a and_o in_o many_o other_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o as_o for_o depredation_n masterful_a reiff_n and_o spoilzy_n particular_a diet_n shall_v be_v set_v therefore_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o civil_o discuss_v before_o they_o upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v ofttimes_o allege_a before_o the_o justice_n that_o the_o cause_n must_v be_v civil_o discuss_v before_o the_o session_n in_o all_o masterful_a reiff_n before_o they_o can_v proceed_v to_o cognosc_fw-la thereupon_o but_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o the_o justice_n do_v constant_o sustain_v criminal_a process_n for_o reiff_n and_o robbery_n without_o any_o previous_a civil_a precognition_n and_o they_o find_v this_o act_n to_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o monimusk_n 27._o of_o november_n 1611._o and_o i_o think_v that_o by_o lord_n in_o that_o act_n be_v not_o mean_v the_o lord_n of_o sâ—ssion_n for_o that_o act_n be_v two_o year_n prior_n to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o session_n but_o that_o by_o lord_n there_o be_v mean_v the_o justice_n themselves_o for_o there_o be_v no_o session_n at_o that_o time_n the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o many_o civil_a case_n original_o such_o as_o perambulation_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o all_o civil_a case_n if_o they_o have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o or_o dependence_n upon_o criminal_a case_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o person_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v commit_v masterful_a reiff_n or_o spuilzy_n can_v pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v be_v in_o prosecution_n of_o his_o own_o right_n the_o justice_n have_v a_o latitude_n to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o right_n first_o civil_o but_o this_o be_v never_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o act_n leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n it_o remain_v then_o to_o be_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o take_n away_o by_o violence_n what_o be_v real_o a_o man_n own_o can_v infer_v a_o guilt_n against_o he_o which_o difficulty_n may_v be_v clear_v in_o these_o few_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o thing_n violent_o possess_v though_o by_o a_o common_a spuilzie_n and_o much_o more_o by_o a_o masterful_a reiff_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v nam_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la and_o that_o though_o he_o who_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o can_v instant_o prove_v his_o right_n and_o since_o this_o hold_v where_o the_o violence_n be_v only_o commit_v by_o a_o simple_a riot_n it_o shall_v by_o a_o strong_a consequence_n hold_v where_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o by_o such_o violent_a mean_n as_o amount_v to_o a_o crime_n and_o so_o this_o shall_v be_v no_o good_a defence_n either_o against_o a_o criminal_a or_o civil_a pursuit_n 2._o not_o only_o aught_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v restore_v but_o even_o the_o true_a proprietar_n who_o intromet_v with_o his_o own_o by_o open_a force_n &_o violence_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o himself_o but_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v use_v violence_n &_o force_v upon_o any_o account_n and_o this_o be_v to_o invade_v or_o assume_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n the_o three_o conclusion_n be_v that_o if_o any_o man_n do_v by_o force_n or_o violence_n extort_v from_o another_o a_o writ_n or_o obligation_n which_o he_o can_v have_v obliedge_v he_o in_o law_n to_o grant_v that_o force_n be_v not_o only_o punishable_a criminally_n but_o the_o deed_n so_o extort_a be_v reducable_a by_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n as_o be_v find_v in_o january_n 1675._o though_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o such_o force_n may_v be_v criminal_o punish_v yet_o the_o deed_n so_o grant_v can_v not_o be_v reduce_v since_o such_o deed_n be_v only_o reduceable_a where_o something_o may_v be_v restore_v but_o here_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v since_o the_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v extort_a by_o force_n depend_v upon_o a_o former_a minute_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o grant_a can_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o have_v grant_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o a_o creditor_n shall_v compel_v his_o debtor_n by_o force_n to_o pay_v he_o what_o be_v his_o own_o in_o which_o though_o the_o force_n be_v punishable_a yet_o the_o debtor_n can_v not_o repeat_v what_o he_o have_v just_o pay_v as_o be_v clear_a not_o only_o by_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n but_o l._n 12._o ff_n quoth_v meet_v cause_n julianus_n ait_fw-fr eum_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o adhibuit_fw-la ut_fw-la debitori_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la solverit_fw-la hoc_fw-la edicto_fw-la non_fw-la teneri_fw-la propter_fw-la naturam_fw-la actionis_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la quae_fw-la damnum_fw-la exegit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la negari_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la in_o juliam_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la incidisse_fw-la &_o jus_o crediti_fw-la amiss_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o a_o great_a usurpation_n against_o authority_n then_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o force_v the_o executioner_n and_o the_o law_n just_o presume_v that_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a right_n who_o will_v not_o pursue_v iâ—_n in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v every_o man_n will_v discuss_v his_o own_o suspension_n himself_o by_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pass_v from_o it_o and_o will_v force_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o debtor_n to_o give_v he_o bond_n or_o his_o debtor_n himself_o to_o fulfil_v all_o minute_n without_o any_o regal_a pursuit_n every_o master_n will_v thus_o thrust_v out_o his_o tenant_n and_o every_o creditor_n force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v by_o carry_v he_o away_o prisoner_n and_o when_o he_o be_v that_o length_n he_o will_v allege_v that_o nihil_fw-la illi_fw-la deest_fw-la and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a law_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o detestation_n of_o force_n and_o violence_n do_v allow_v three_o several_a remedy_n to_o the_o person_n violent_v viz._n edictum_fw-la praetor_n be_v quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n lex_fw-la julia_fw-la which_o punish_v the_o force_n as_o a_o crime_n &_o decretum_fw-la divi_z marci_n all_o which_o three_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o that_o title_n and_o though_o by_o the_o old_a edict_n and_o the_o lex_fw-la julia_fw-la he_o who_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v what_o be_v just_o due_a can_v not_o be_v by_o these_o remedy_n restore_v quia_fw-la nihil_fw-la decrat_fw-mi vim_o passo_n as_o the_o law_n former_o cite_v do_v prove_v yet_o ex_fw-la decreto_fw-la divi_z marci_n which_o be_v posterior_n to_o these_o remedy_n as_o marcus_n antoninus_n be_v long_a posterior_n to_o julius_n caesar_n even_o he_o who_o take_v payment_n of_o his_o own_o can_v not_o defend_v himself_o by_o allege_v upon_o his_o right_n which_o excellent_a law_n be_v set_v down_o l._n 13._o ff_n quod_fw-la motus_fw-la causa_fw-la quisquis_fw-la igitur_fw-la probatus_fw-la mihi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rem_fw-la ullam_fw-la debitoris_fw-la vel_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la debitam_fw-la non_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la sibi_fw-la sponte_fw-la datam_fw-la sine_fw-la ullo_fw-la judice_fw-la tempore_fw-la possidere_fw-la vel_fw-la accipisse_n isque_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o in_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la dixisse_fw-la jus_o crediti_fw-la non_fw-la habebit_fw-la and_o faber_n upon_o that_o law_n do_v excellent_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v a_o just_a supplement_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o cujacius_n allow_v this_o remedy_n not_o only_o to_o
the_o public_a but_o even_o to_o the_o private_a party_n for_o qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o dicit_fw-la jus_o crediti_fw-la non_fw-la habebit_fw-la which_o imply_v a_o annul_n of_o the_o deed_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la privatum_fw-la interest_n and_o cujacius_n observe_v well_o that_o the_o party_n force_v potest_fw-la condicere_fw-la and_o how_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o law_n will_v ordain_v the_o extorter_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o yet_o not_o restore_v that_o which_o be_v extort_a the_o publick_v interest_n result_v only_o from_o the_o private_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o party_n and_o as_o the_o fisk_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v without_o a_o informer_n so_o the_o private_a party_n injure_v will_v not_o inform_v nor_o concur_v since_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v any_o reparation_n and_o thus_o the_o crime_n and_o injury_n will_v remain_v unpunished_a but_o even_o according_a to_o the_o l._n 12._o and_o 14._o so_o much_o found_v on_o it_o be_v most_o clear_a that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o these_o law_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o even_o by_o these_o law_n the_o foresay_a principle_n be_v just_a since_o restitution_n be_v still_o to_o be_v grant_v ubi_fw-la actori_fw-la aliquid_fw-la abest_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la damnum_fw-la intervenit_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v extreme_o prejudge_v by_o this_o disposition_n crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la metus_fw-la since_o if_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o will_v easy_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o allege_a minute_n upon_o many_o ground_n then_o represent_v it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o though_o in_o the_o restitution_n of_o minor_n the_o law_n restore_v they_o only_o when_o they_o be_v lease_v since_o that_o remedy_n be_v main_o introduce_v for_o their_o advantage_n yet_o in_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la metus_fw-la the_o law_n design_n main_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v advantage_n by_o his_o own_o oppression_n nor_o 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former_a act_n be_v there_o render_v to_o
mark_n though_o she_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o nottour_n adultery_n which_o be_v death_n by_o our_o law_n sometime_o they_o ordain_v no_o sentence_n to_o follow_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o purdy_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v anualrent_a a_o month_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n upon_o his_o debtor_n voluntar_n offer_v and_o sometime_o they_o ordain_v some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o revise_v the_o process_n and_o verdict_n which_o assessor_n do_v ranverse_v the_o whole_a process_n and_o ordain_v it_o to_o be_v tear_v out_o of_o the_o criminal_a register_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assize_n have_v find_v he_o guilty_a of_o recept_n and_o so_o the_o verdict_n be_v find_v disconform_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a process_n be_v null_a yet_o when_o mr._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o one_o witness_n the_o council_n refuse_v to_o review_v the_o verdict_n as_o unwarrantable_a for_o they_o find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o quarrel_v a_o assize_n which_o condemn_v see_v assizer_n can_v only_o be_v quarrel_v for_o error_n when_o they_o assoilzie_a and_o when_o his_o advocate_n cite_v to_o they_o the_o 47._o act._n par._n 6._o k._n ja._n the_o 3._o whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o where_o a_o party_n find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o a_o assize_n by_o partial_a malice_n or_o ignorance_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o he_o to_o cite_v they_o before_o the_o council_n and_o if_o the_o error_n be_v prove_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o condition_n he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o sentence_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o act_n speak_v only_o of_o civil_a case_n and_o that_o by_o the_o council_n here_o be_v mean_v the_o session_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v the_o rubric_n and_o 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disdainful_a speech_n against_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v examplar_o punish_v and_o upon_o production_n of_o their_o decreet_a which_o decreet_a be_v still_o express_v in_o the_o dittay_n he_o be_v hang_v 17._o may_v 1615._o vii_o if_o the_o law_n can_v receive_v full_a execution_n and_o obedience_n via_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la by_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n than_o the_o council_n upon_o production_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n follow_v upon_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o due_o execute_v and_o registrat_n use_v to_o grant_v letter_n of_o intercomune_v whereby_o all_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n be_v prohibit_v to_o intercomune_v with_o any_o of_o the_o rebel_n so_o denounce_v which_o letter_n must_v be_v publish_v at_o all_o the_o mercat-cross_n of_o the_o shyr_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o which_o such_o person_n reside_v who_o intercomune_v be_v suspect_v and_o registrat_n there_o and_o if_o need_v be_v the_o council_n will_v likewise_o grant_v a_o commission_n for_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o such_o person_n as_o they_o will_v name_v against_o the_o person_n who_o be_v disobedient_a in_o the_o criminal_a letter_n as_o say_v be_v and_o ordinary_o this_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v give_v to_o the_o person_n interest_v which_o occasion_n many_o great_a abuse_n and_o these_o commission_n be_v sometime_o grant_v against_o party_n who_o be_v never_o cite_v but_o upon_o a_o naked_a complaint_n exhibit_v to_o the_o council_n which_o be_v most_o irregular_a the_o council_n do_v sometime_o grant_v commission_n to_o bring_v in_o party_n dead_a or_o alive_a and_o that_o upon_o naked_a petition_n without_o any_o previous_a trial_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o laird_n of_o dinbaith_n upon_o a_o petition_n wherein_o it_o be_v represent_v that_o he_o have_v run_v away_o with_o the_o public_a money_n deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o shire_n for_o pay_v their_o cease_v and_o excise_n but_o this_o seem_v hard_a and_o it_o be_v to_o execute_v a_o free_a subject_a before_o he_o be_v hear_v or_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o he_o for_o these_o private_a petition_n may_v be_v most_o unwarrantable_o found_v viii_o if_o any_o person_n keep_v out_o his_o house_n in_o garrison_n against_o his_o majesty_n the_o council_n first_o use_v to_o issue_n out_o letter_n against_o he_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o house_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o they_o ordain_v a_o herald_n to_o go_v and_o summon_v he_o for_o that_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v process_v before_o the_o justice-general_a and_o do_v immediate_o before_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n grant_v a_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n against_o he_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burgie_n june_n 1668._o they_o use_v likewise_o of_o old_a to_o ordain_v nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o caption_n for_o civil_a debt_n to_o deliver_v up_o their_o person_n in_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n which_o though_o it_o be_v now_o indesuetude_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a and_o of_o excellent_a use_n see_v it_o be_v most_o absurd_a that_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n shall_v contemn_v his_o law_n and_o that_o such_o poor_a person_n as_o pay_v his_o majesty_n tax_n and_o imposition_n and_o who_o be_v obliedge_v to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o he_o shall_v not_o likewise_o have_v the_o assistance_n as_o well_o as_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o law_n so_o that_o when_o the_o ordinary_a remedy_n of_o caption_n comprise_v and_o other_o fail_v these_o and_o other_o extraordinary_a remedy_n shall_v be_v allow_v until_o his_o majesty_n law_n be_v obey_v and_o the_o party_n so_o injure_v be_v full_o and_o final_o repair_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o exchequer_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n the_o exchequer_n be_v only_o his_o majesty_n chamberlain_n and_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o fine_a and_o confiscate_v such_o as_o transgress_v pecunial_a statute_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n rent_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o do_v in_o effect_n judge_v crime_n for_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o abstract_n custom_n or_o cheat_v the_o public_a and_o without_o this_o jurisdiction_n they_o can_v not_o manage_v his_o majesty_n rent_n so_o that_o this_o be_v jurisdictio_fw-la emanate_n found_v upon_o that_o rule_n quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la explicari_fw-la nequit_fw-la but_o be_v seem_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la they_o shall_v not_o even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la cognosce_fw-la for_o by_o the_o 89._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o such_o as_o commit_v fraud_n in_o transport_v forbid_a good_n shall_v be_v punish_v at_o justice_n air_n at_o least_o the_o justice_n also_o have_v power_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o july_n 1668._o the_o exchequre_n do_v fine_a a_o very_a intilligent_a person_n for_o fill_v up_o a_o blank_a signature_n subscribe_v by_o the_o king_n and_o ordain_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o exchequer_n which_o some_o think_v irregular_a for_o either_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o crime_n &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o shall_v have_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v none_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v fine_v and_o albeit_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o other_o court_n may_v fine_a or_o imprison_v such_o as_o injure_v their_o jurisdiction_n or_o may_v ordain_v damage_n and_o interest_n to_o be_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v in_o any_o thing_n before_o their_o court_n yet_o no_o person_n have_v here_o be_v prejudge_v and_o the_o injury_n have_v go_v no_o far_o then_o à _fw-la simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o damnage_n and_o interest_n incur_v but_o it_o seem_v the_o exchequer_n be_v still_o judge_n in_o criminibus_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-la residuis_fw-la the_o
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
therefore_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o ratify_v act_n 28.3_o par._n k._n ja._n 4._o with_o this_o addition_n that_o if_o any_o heritable_a sheriff_n omit_v his_o duty_n in_o prosecute_n of_o this_o crime_n after_o this_o manner_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o heritable_a office_n for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o he_o have_v only_o that_o office_n for_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v it_o during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o only_o judge_v competent_a to_o slaughter_n but_o to_o murder_v and_o both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o at_o any_o time_n if_o he_o have_v either_o apprehend_v the_o person_n or_o have_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la do_v diligence_n for_o apprehend_v he_o but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o murder_v though_o commit_v within_o his_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n iv._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o place_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n yet_o sometime_o the_o sheriff_n or_o baron_n may_v condemn_v upon_o the_o panel_n confession_n without_o a_o assize_n as_o dur._n observe_v penult_n january_n 1622._o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v present_a the_o sheriff_n can_v condemn_v he_o as_o hold_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la though_o he_o refuse_v to_o depon_n but_o co_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v put_v he_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o be_v find_v 24._o july_n 1633._o dickson_n contra_fw-la halyday_n and_o albeit_o a_o blood_n prove_v by_o confession_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o a_o unlaw_n of_o fifty_o pound_n yet_o when_o blood_n be_v punish_v upon_o contumacious_a refusal_n to_o swear_v the_o unlaw_n can_v exceed_v ten_o pound_n 17._o february_n 1624._o v._o the_o sheriff_n may_v pursue_v when_o any_o person_n compear_v and_o insist_o with_o he_o in_o the_o pursuit_n but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o party_n the_o justice_n general_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o skeen_n verbo_fw-la sheriff_n but_o that_o rule_n be_v too_o general_a and_o may_v admit_v of_o this_o distinction_n viz._n that_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v he_o though_o no_o private_a pursuer_fw-mi insist_v against_o he_o nor_o need_v there_o three_o fang_n for_o justify_v that_o pursuit_n albeit_o sheriff_n now_o never_o proceed_v but_o where_o three_o fang_n be_v prove_v or_o else_o no_o fang_n be_v find_v &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sheriff_n can_v judge_v the_o thief_n except_o there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n intend_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n vi_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v assist_v in_o all_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o shall_v produce_v the_o verification_n of_o all_o the_o summons_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o shall_v make_v provision_n at_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o his_o clerk_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o first_o end_n of_o his_o account_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o he_o shall_v arrest_v such_o person_n as_o the_o crowner_n can_v arrest_v and_o shall_v those_o a_o assize_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n anent_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 102._o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v culpable_a the_o justice_n general_n may_v remove_v he_o from_o his_o office_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o put_v another_o in_o his_o place_n to_o officiat_fw-la in_o the_o interim_n st._n rob._n bruce_n ex_fw-la lib._n sconen_n relate_v by_o skeen_n ibid._n but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v antiquate_v by_o custom_n for_o the_o thesaurer_n send_v along_o with_o the_o justice_n air_n a_o person_n special_o commissionated_a by_o they_o who_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o justice_n clerk_n vii_o if_o the_o sheriff_n fail_v in_o his_o duty_n he_o be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o office_n during_o his_o life_n and_o imprisonment_n during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n st._n david_n cap._n 13._o &_o 69._o but_o now_o for_o negligence_n in_o his_o office_n he_o tine_v the_o same_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 37._o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n yester_n have_v suffer_v two_o thief_n negligent_o to_o escape_v and_o his_o heritable_a office_n of_o sheriffship_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n take_v from_o he_o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v for_o it_o be_v find_v too_o small_a to_o infer_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o heritable_a office_n stat._n sessionis_fw-la pag._n 34._o which_o be_v observe_v by_o hop_v likewise_o in_o his_o large_a practic_n if_o the_o sheriff_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n he_o lose_v likewise_o his_o office_n and_o be_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n but_o if_o he_o do_v injustice_n he_o lose_v his_o office_n if_o it_o be_v heritable_a for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v to_o enjoy_v it_o former_o and_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v punishable_a arbitrary_a in_o his_o person_n and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n sustain_v by_o the_o party_n laese_v k._n i._n 3._o p._n 5._o cap._n 26._o but_o if_o he_o bribe_v or_o give_v partial_a counsel_n he_o forefault_n his_o fame_n honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n k._n i._n 5._o par._n 7._o cap._n 104._o if_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v sometimes_o advocate_n the_o cause_n from_o the_o sheriff_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n pursue_v by_o connadge_n the_o sheriff_n deput_fw-la of_o invernesse_n against_o makintosh_n and_o sometime_o the_o council_n will_v discharge_v the_o sheriff_n to_o proceed_v without_o advocate_a the_o cause_n if_o they_o find_v either_o the_o case_n to_o be_v difficult_a or_o the_o sheriff_n and_o his_o depute_n to_o be_v suspect_v title_n xiii_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n baron_n may_v judge_v 2._o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n 3._o whether_o he_o may_v punish_v theft_n or_o fire-raising_a i._o a_o baron_n in_o our_o law_n be_v general_o understand_v to_o be_v one_o who_o be_v infest_v in_o any_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o only_o that_o he_o can_v unlaw_n his_o own_o tennent_n for_o blood_n commit_v upon_o his_o own_o ground_n as_o be_v find_v the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o johnstoun_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o west-nisbit_a but_o a_o baron_n proper_o be_v he_o who_o be_v infest_v with_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n fossa_fw-la &_o furca_fw-la a_o barron_n judge_n crime_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o may_v like_v he_o proceed_v in_o time_n of_o vacance_n to_o judge_v these_o crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a but_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o baron_n have_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o process_n for_o penal_a statute_n since_o the_o penalty_n there_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n fisk_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o that_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o penal_a statute_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n albeit_o in_o civil_a case_n baron_n may_v appoint_v baily_n yet_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o observe_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la no_o person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n may_v sit_v upon_o blood_n nam_fw-la potestas_fw-la gladii_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la quae_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la delegari_fw-la potest_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o express_a power_n give_v by_o the_o sovereign_n for_o that_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o justice_n and_o sheriff_n who_o have_v power_n to_o deput_n and_o that_o power_n of_o deputation_n be_v unnecessar_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a ii_o the_o clerk_n of_o all_o other_o court_n must_v be_v notar_n but_o the_o clerk_n of_o a_o baron_n court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n and_o yet_o the_o decreet_a of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o unlaw_n will_v be_v sustain_v found_v upon_o a_o confession_n though_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o subscribe_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o durie_n the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o sentence_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n
for_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n shall_v be_v sustain_v except_o it_o be_v otherwise_o warrant_v then_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o clerk_n albeit_o by_o the_o 75._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o the_o baron_n precept_n for_o summons_n in_o that_o court_n be_v so_o call_v shall_v be_v execute_v as_o summons_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o copy_n shall_v be_v leave_v and_o they_o endorse_v upon_o yet_o the_o 11._o of_o july_n 1634._o hay_o against_o airth_n it_o be_v find_v that_o execution_n by_o a_o baron_n officer_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o give_v in_o writ_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n iii_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n may_v judge_v of_o theft_n if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o fang_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 100_o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o baro_fw-la qui_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habet_fw-la de_fw-la sock_n &_o sack_n towle_z &_o theme_n possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la furem_fw-la sasitum_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la furto_fw-la manifesto_fw-la sicut_fw-la haud_fw-la haebband_n &_o back_o beirand_a de_fw-fr praxi_fw-la baron_n do_v not_o punish_v slaughter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v so_o because_o 1._o the_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n will_v import_v the_o power_n of_o judge_a life_n and_o death_n 2._o by_o the_o 77._o cap._n quon_n attach_v omnes_fw-la barrones_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la furcam_fw-la &_o fossam_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la de_fw-la hominis_fw-la occissione_n habeant_fw-la furcam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la curiam_fw-la as_o the_o marginal_a note_n bear_v and_o by_o the_o 13._o cap._n leg._n mal._n 2._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o malefactor_n who_o hold_v of_o baron_n may_v be_v condemn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o other_o malefactor_n be_v except_o in_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o which_o baron_n have_v no_o power_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v very_o clear_o infer_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la other_o crime_n they_o have_v nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la 3._o by_o the_o 91._o act_n parl._n 1_o i._o 2._o it_o be_v statute_n if_o a_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o barony_n if_o the_o baron_n be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o the_o sheriff_n do_v and_o albeit_o hope_v in_o his_o large_a practic_n observe_n that_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n if_o he_o be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n may_v receive_v various_a interpretation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o interpretation_n they_o can_v proper_o receive_v except_o this_o that_o these_o word_n be_v mean_v if_o he_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n proper_a and_o competent_a to_o a_o baron_n which_o be_v pit_n and_o gallow_n nam_fw-la verba_fw-la generabia_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la albeit_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o a_o baron_n may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o punish_v the_o raiser_n of_o fire_n rash_o within_o husband_n town_n in_o the_o barony_n i._o 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v if_o fire_n happen_v within_o husband_n town_n of_o barony_n we_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o lord_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bailiff_n in_o town_n do_v within_o burgh_n in_o which_o act_n by_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v mean_v baron_n for_o they_o be_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n call_v lord_n of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o barony_n a_o baron_n may_v unlaw_n for_o absence_n for_o ten_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o and_o for_o blood_n he_o may_v unlaw_n for_o fifty_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o vitle_n fourteen_o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n our_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v call_v irenarchae_fw-la which_o signify_v in_o the_o greek_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o peace_n irenarchae_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la tutelam_fw-la quietis_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la per_fw-la singula_fw-la territoria_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stare_v concordiam_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la etiam_fw-la latrunculatores_fw-la sen_fw-la latronum_fw-la expulsores_fw-la their_o office_n be_v to_o apprehend_v rebel_n and_o thief_n who_o they_o can_v only_o examine_v and_o send_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n but_o can_v not_o judge_v they_o themselves_o their_o office_n be_v more_o full_o describe_v lib._n 10._o c._n tit_n 75._o but_o to_o speak_v proper_o latrunculatores_fw-la be_v our_o constable_n call_v by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n of_o peace_n and_o constable_n be_v once_o full_o settle_v among_o we_o by_o k._n i._n 6._o but_o their_o office_n have_v fall_v in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v revive_v by_o 38._o act_n 1._o parl._n 1_o sess._n k._n ch._n the_o 2._o by_o this_o act_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o adjudge_v of_o servant_n fee_n and_o of_o mend_v the_o high_a way_n they_o have_v power_n to_o punish_v the_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v green_a wood_n slayer_n of_o red_a and_o black_a fish_n maker_n of_o moorburn_a keeper_n of_o crooves_n wilful_a beggar_n egyptian_n and_o their_o receptor_n drunkard_n prophaner_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o to_o all_o which_o his_o majesty_n promise_v to_o give_v they_o ample_a commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n their_o power_n may_v not_o prejudge_v any_o other_o court_n former_o erect_v it_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n that_o fifteen_o day_n shall_v expire_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o committer_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v which_o interval_n be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n competent_a to_o do_v diligence_n and_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o same_o during_o that_o time_n than_o the_o justice_n may_v judge_v the_o same_o and_o one_o justice_n have_v power_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n complain_v upon_o to_o the_o peace_n under_o such_o pecunial_a sum_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o complainer_n who_o shall_v give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o dread_v harm_n or_o the_o justice_n himself_o may_v exact_v the_o sum_n though_o none_o complain_v and_o if_o any_o person_n be_v charge_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v refuse_v it_o he_o be_v a_o land_a man_n who_o rent_n exceed_v a_o thousand_o mark_n or_o ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n than_o he_o shall_v inform_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n he_o may_v cause_n bring_v he_o by_o force_n before_o himself_o if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n condemn_v any_o person_n in_o blood-weit_a or_o any_o other_o pain_n but_o not_o proportional_o to_o the_o offence_n then_o the_o justice_n shall_v inform_v the_o privy_a council_n that_o they_o may_v take_v order_n therewith_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n to_o the_o party_n the_o justice_n may_v modify_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n do_v by_o collusion_n clear_v the_o delinquent_n of_o a_o assize_n the_o party_n once_o clear_v be_v not_o to_o be_v further_o question_v but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o riot_n and_o break_v of_o peace_n if_o the_o committeeâ—s_v be_v under_o the_o degree_n of_o nobleman_n prelate_n counsellor_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o may_v refer_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o summon_v and_o thereupon_o hold_v he_o as_o confess_v but_o if_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o personal_o execute_v than_o the_o defender_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v of_o new_a at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o these_o two_o citation_n at_o his_o dwell_a house_n shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o that_o be_v personal_a if_o the_o committer_n be_v above_o the_o foresay_a quality_n than_o the_o justice_n though_o they_o can_v judge_v they_o may_v for_o prevent_v of_o riot_n command_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o compear_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o though_o they_o compear_v not_o yet_o whatever_o breach_n they_o commit_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_n as_o great_a a_o contravention_n as_o if_o they_o have_v find_v caution_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o quarter_n session_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o they_o either_o have_v commit_v or_o have_v under_o surety_n with_o a_o short_a abreviat_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o former_a title_n call_v transmittere_fw-la cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o council_n may_v determine_v betwixt_o and_o the_o quarter_n session_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o
but_o i_o believe_v this_o invasion_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n upon_o that_o court_n after_o he_o be_v create_v a_o officer_n of_o state_n but_o to_o solve_v this_o doubt_n my_o lord_n rentoun_n at_o his_o admission_n be_v find_v by_o act_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o be_v a_o member_n and_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n there_o the_o 10._o of_o december_n 1663._o and_o now_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o justice-general_n chair_n when_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o justice_n court_n have_v a_o seal_n which_o they_o append_v to_o public_a act_n and_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o justice-cleâ—k-deput_a this_o deput_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n by_o way_n of_o commission_n give_v he_o power_n to_o be_v clerk_n to_o all_o couâ—ts_n hold_v by_o his_o majesty_n justice-general_a or_o deput_n or_o any_o have_v particular_a commission_n either_o at_o edinburgh_n or_o else_o where_o and_o therefore_o no_o justice_n court_n either_o in_o the_o border_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v lawful_a except_o it_o be_v serve_v either_o by_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a or_o any_o have_a commission_n from_o he_o it_o seem_v that_o of_o old_a the_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n do_v use_v to_o write_v criminal_a letter_n without_o receive_v caution_n but_o that_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o 34._o act_n 4._o par._n ja._n 5._o and_o now_o though_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v subscribe_v the_o letter_n yet_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a can_v only_o write_v the_o deliverance_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o receive_v caution_n and_o therefore_o he_o write_v upon_o the_o bill_n soverty_n be_v find_v and_o subscribe_v the_o famine_n hâ—s_n receive_v caution_n be_v likewise_o warrant_v by_o the_o 78._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o v._o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v four_o with_o we_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v ravish_v of_o woman_n murder_n and_o robbery_n or_o reif_n l._n malcol_n 2._o cap._n 13._o and_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o belong_v not_o to_o burgh_n leg_n burg_n c._n 6._o nor_o to_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n quon_n attach_v c._n 76._o leguntur_fw-la st._n alex._n c._n 14._o faemina_fw-la efforciata_fw-la arsione_n rapina_fw-la &_o murdrum_fw-la molineus_n in_o stil._n cur_n paris_n part_n 1._o c._n 13._o observe_n that_o in_o france_n three_o crime_n belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o high_a justice_n wilful_a fire_n ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n nor_o can_v any_o other_o judge_n proceed_v to_o judge_v these_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v particular_o warrant_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n skeen_n verb._n murder_n vi_o the_o justice_n court_n have_v its_o macer_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o stent_v to_o a_o particular_a number_n and_o though_o of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n a_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v his_o private_a authority_n and_o force_n draw_v the_o defender_n before_o the_o judge_n in_o jus_o rapere_fw-la in_o jus_o trahi_fw-la which_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o grecian_n as_o they_o do_v most_o of_o their_o law_n for_o demosthenes_n their_o great_a lawyer_n tell_v we_o in_o orat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o ordinary_o even_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o apparitor_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o macer_n qui_fw-la volentes_fw-la vocabant_fw-la recusantes_fw-la urgebant_fw-la the_o mace_n use_v by_o these_o with_o we_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o iron_n rod_n which_o be_v the_o symbol_n of_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o verse_n 2._o ps._n the_o coroner_n be_v a_o officer_n who_o take_v inquisition_n of_o murder_n in_o corona_fw-la populi_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o ednam_n be_v the_o heritable_a coroner_n in_o scotland_n but_o this_o office_n be_v absolet_n now_o except_o at_o justice_n air_n where_o the_o coroner_n yet_o present_v all_o malefactor_n and_o take_v they_o to_o and_o from_o prison_n title_n xvi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n over_o soldier_n and_o of_o militiary_a crime_n 1._o when_o be_v the_o justices-iudge_n to_o soldier_n 2._o a_o debate_n concern_v free_a quarter_n 3._o haddo_n case_n 4._o sometime_o commission_n be_v grant_v for_o try_v soldier_n 5._o how_o deserter_n be_v punish_v 6._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o soldier_n among_o the_o roman_n i._o albeit_o soldier_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o a_o court_n martial_a for_o crime_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o a_o military_a capacity_n as_o desert_v their_o colour_n resi_v their_o officer_n etc._n etc._n yet_o when_o they_o commâ—t_v other_o crime_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o criminal_a court._n for_o as_o voet._n observe_v delicta_fw-la militum_fw-la sunt_fw-la vel_fw-la communia_fw-la vel_fw-la propria_fw-la lib._n 2._o de_fw-la remilit_fw-la and_o thus_o french_a and_o two_o other_o soulâ—iers_n under_o morgan_n in_o the_o english_a garrison_n of_o leith_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o kill_v a_o burgess_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o morgan_n offer_v to_o repledge_v they_o january_n 1662._o and_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n will_v not_o proceed_v against_o some_o gentleman_n for_o the_o slaughter_n because_o they_o be_v both_o soldier_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o crime_n shall_v have_v be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o person_n determine_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o their_o crime_n be_v only_o a_o combat_n which_o be_v no_o specific_a crime_n to_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o a_o decision_n novemb_n 1627._o where_o captain_n bruce_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a captain_n hamiltoun_n do_v petition_v the_o council_n show_v they_o that_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v in_o flanders_n and_o that_o he_o be_v assoâ—lzied_v therefra_fw-la by_o a_o council_n of_o war_n upon_o which_o probation_n the_o council_n command_v the_o justice_n to_o desist_v but_o sir_n william_n bellenden_n be_v challenge_v before_o the_o council_n for_o many_o riot_n and_o crime_n commit_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o west_n they_o will_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n albeit_o that_o declinator_fw-la be_v propon_v august_n 1667._o and_o militia_n soldier_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n for_o murder_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o other_o officer_n command_n the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o ii_o the_o most_o considerable_a military_a question_n which_o i_o remember_v in_o all_o the_o adjournal_n book_n be_v first_o that_o which_o be_v debate_v 5._o decemb._n 1666._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v some_o west_n country_n man_n have_v form_v themselves_o in_o a_o army_n and_o be_v declare_v traitor_n by_o the_o council_n and_o be_v thereafter_o beat_v at_o pentland_n hill_n captain_n arnot_n major_a mackulloch_n and_o other_o be_v take_v by_o some_o of_o his_o majesty_n inferior_a officer_n upon_o quarter_n but_o be_v pannel_v before_o the_o justice_n as_o traitor_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o they_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n before_o the_o justice_n because_o they_o have_v be_v model_v in_o a_o army_n and_o take_v in_o the_o field_n fight_v as_o soldier_n they_o behove_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o military_a law_n and_o by_o that_o law_n such_o as_o get_v quarter_n in_o the_o field_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n secure_v therein_o for_o their_o life_n and_o can_v be_v hereafter_o quarrel_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarter_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o number_n nor_o form_n of_o the_o army_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o public_a insurrection_n of_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n be_v rather_o sedition_n then_o bellum_fw-la and_o these_o insurrection_n be_v treason_n none_o can_v remit_v treason_n but_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o quarter_n can_v not_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o remission_n but_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o quarter_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o secure_v these_o who_o get_v the_o same_o from_o present_a death_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o who_o get_v quarter_n from_o any_o who_o be_v authorize_v to_o be_v soldier_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n against_o that_o authority_n from_o who_o these_o soldier_n derive_v their_o power_n and_o these_o who_o get_v the_o quarter_n be_v not_o to_o dispute_v whether_o these_o soldier_n have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o give_v quarter_n or_o whether_o bellum_fw-la be_v justum_fw-la or_o injustum_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o destroy_v quarter_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v all_o such_o as_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o be_v desperate_a and_o irreclaimable_a
thus_o forasmeikle_n as_o by_o such_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n murder_n etc._n etc._n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o pain_n declare_v to_o etc._n etc._n yet_o you_o a._n b._n do_v upon_o the_o 27._o day_n at_o least_o month_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v write_v only_o by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n without_o a_o bill_n and_o pass_v not_o the_o signet_n nor_o need_v it_o be_v execute_v with_o the_o solemnity_n requisite_a in_o libel_v summons_n by_o messenger_n in_o ordinary_a crime_n and_o herald_n in_o treason_n but_o may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o clerk_n servant_n as_o be_v find_v in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o treason_n pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n against_o mackulloch_n gordoun_n and_o other_o 5._o decemb._n 1666._o it_o need_v not_o likewise_o these_o inducias_fw-la deliberatorias_fw-la allow_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o liberty_n and_o be_v pursue_v by_o a_o libel_v summons_n but_o a_o day_n or_o two_o be_v sufficient_a and_o sometime_o they_o may_v be_v pursue_v without_o any_o time_n to_o be_v allow_v for_o this_o procedure_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o that_o inquisition_n special_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o indictment_n and_o a_o accusation_n that_o a_o indictment_n proper_o be_v a_o libel_n raise_v at_o the_o king_n instance_n and_o not_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o private_a person_n for_o in_o accusation_n or_o libel_n raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o private_a person_n as_o pursuer_n there_o must_v be_v a_o formal_a libel_v summons_n under_o the_o signet_n so_o cap._n 1._o r._n m._n lib._n 1._o num_fw-la 7._o &_o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o theft_n and_o murder_n by_o indictment_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o there_o the_o king_n or_o his_o advocate_n pursue_v but_o where_o a_o certain_a accuser_n appear_v a_o pursuit_n upon_o these_o crime_n may_v be_v intent_a before_o the_o sheriff_n and_o skeen_n upon_o that_o chapter_n and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o 2._o cap._n num_fw-la 2._o david_n stat._n 2._o do_v observe_v that_o all_o criminal_a accusation_n be_v either_o by_o a_o indictment_n or_o by_o a_o certain_a accuser_n and_o from_o this_o difference_n arise_v that_o other_o difference_n that_o crimen_fw-la per_fw-la indictamentum_fw-la be_v only_o pursuable_a before_o the_o justice_n which_o be_v clear_a both_o by_o the_o forecited_a place_n and_o the_o whole_a tract_n of_o the_o book_n of_o r._n m._n but_o this_o last_o difference_n be_v now_o absolet_n for_o of_o late_a before_o the_o sheriff_n or_o at_o inferior_a court_n malefactor_n may_v be_v pursue_v either_o by_o a_o libel_v summons_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o particular_a accuser_n or_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o practic_a be_v most_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o great_a duty_n and_o chief_a employment_n it_o be_v to_o advert_v to_o crime_n shall_v not_o have_v liberty_n to_o pursue_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o a_o accuser_n it_o be_v indeed_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n ne_fw-la crimina_fw-la maneant_fw-la impunita_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o crime_n which_o immediate_o concern_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o state_n such_o as_o treason_n sedition_n etc._n etc._n every_o man_n may_v be_v a_o accuser_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o the_o advantage_n of_o every_o private_a person_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o every_o malicious_a enemy_n upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o public_a good_a to_o trouble_v and_o vex_v such_o against_o who_o they_o carry_v malice_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o the_o common_a law_n in_o privatis_fw-la delictis_fw-la non_fw-la admittebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la accusâ—ndum_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la svam_fw-la aut_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la insequebatur_fw-la and_o farinac_n state_n suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la to_o extend_v ad_fw-la quartum_fw-la gradum_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v extend_v with_o we_o within_o degree_n defendant_n and_o that_o every_o person_n may_v not_o in_o our_o law_n pursue_v any_o private_a crime_n appear_v from_o the_o former_a chapter_n iii_o a_o minor_a may_v not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n accuse_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o tutor_n and_o curator_n and_o where_o it_o be_v say_v l._n 4._o r._n m._n c._n 2._o that_o a_o major_a be_v of_o lawful_a age_n he_o may_v accuse_v it_o insinuat_v that_o minor_n regular_o can_v accuse_v and_o suitable_a to_o this_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o grant_v process_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o william_n umphray_v against_o john_n meldrum_n because_o the_o say_v william_n be_v minor_a and_o have_v no_o legal_a concourse_n 29._o of_o july_n 1597._o which_o be_v found_v upon_o most_o convince_a reason_n for_o minor_n may_v by_o ill_o govern_v youth_n and_o imprudence_n either_o pursue_v injust_o such_o as_o be_v most_o innocent_a or_o else_o by_o manage_v unwise_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n if_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o they_o they_o may_v prejudge_v both_o themselves_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o suffer_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v cleanse_v by_o a_o verdict_n after_o which_o absolvitour_n the_o defender_n can_v not_o be_v again_o bring_v to_o a_o trial_n nor_o will_v the_o minor_a be_v restore_v against_o the_o sentence_n and_o yet_o a_o minor_a may_v crave_v at_o the_o bar_n that_o the_o justice_n will_v allow_v he_o curatoâ—s_n ad_fw-la light_n which_o desire_n the_o justice_n will_v grant_v 24._o july_n 1600._o spence_n contrae_fw-la bannatine_n iv._o a_o woman_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n can_v not_o accuse_v in_o no_o case_n except_o where_o she_o be_v revenge_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o herself_o husband_n or_o relation_n and_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o woman_n can_v accuse_v none_o of_o felony_n except_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v by_o the_o 5._o chap._n num_fw-la 8._o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o husband_n quia_fw-la una_fw-la caro_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la vir_fw-la &_o uxir_n and_o n._n 9_o it_o be_v general_o ordain_v that_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v any_o injury_n do_v to_o she_o own_o body_n from_o which_o we_o may_v general_o conclude_v that_o she_o may_v pursue_v svam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la wrong_v do_v to_o herself_o but_o not_o wrong_n do_v to_o her_o relation_n v._o whether_o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n or_o excommunicate_a may_v pursue_v appear_v to_o be_v debateable_a for_o the_o one_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o crime_n remain_v not_o unpunished_a 2._o civil_a rebellion_n or_o excommunication_n non_fw-la tollunt_fw-la jura_fw-la naturae_fw-la among_o the_o chief_a whereof_o lawyer_n esteem_v the_o liberty_n of_o pursue_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o relation_n and_o much_o more_o the_o wrong_n do_v to_o one_o self_n in_o his_o person_n or_o good_a name_n 3._o such_o as_o be_v rebel_n for_o civil_a pursuite_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la impunae_fw-la offendi_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o appear_v most_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v debar_v from_o pursue_v wrong_n do_v they_o for_o if_o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n can_v not_o pursue_v the_o wrong_n do_v he_o than_o any_o person_n may_v injure_v he_o at_o pleasure_n see_v the_o fear_n of_o pursuit_n and_o the_o punishment_n depend_v thereupon_o be_v that_o which_o ordinary_o overaw_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o 1._o by_o the_o 11._o cap._n stat._n will._n these_o who_o contemn_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v 2._o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o frustra_fw-la legem_fw-la implorat_fw-la qui_fw-la coptra_fw-la legem_fw-la peccat_fw-la 3._o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n always_o and_o oftentimes_o in_o our_o law_n say_v to_o be_v outlaw_v and_o to_o be_v outlaw_v import_v the_o lose_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o law_n and_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v say_v non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la nor_o put_v our_o law_n any_o distinction_n betwixt_o civil_a and_o criminal_a cause_n for_o reconcile_a which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o be_v outlaw_v for_o a_o criminal_a or_o civil_a cause_n and_o that_o these_o who_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n upon_o any_o criminal_a account_n can_v be_v pursue_v till_o they_o be_v relaxt_v which_o be_v incontraverted_o true_a in_o our_o law_n see_v if_o a_o person_n be_v denounce_v for_o not_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o appearance_n to_o under_o the_o law_n he_o will_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o propon_n any_o defence_n till_o he_o be_v relaxt_v
the_o sheriff_n shall_v still_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v but_o with_o we_o those_o ubi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suarum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequuntur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la in_o anticategoriis_fw-la the_o accuser_n must_v still_o find_v caution_n wherein_o we_o do_v very_o reasonable_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o defender_n be_v as_o much_o prejudge_v and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o trouble_v if_o these_o pretext_n be_v allow_v to_o palliate_v the_o pursuer_n malice_n as_o general_o he_o can_v be_v in_o other_o case_n in_o this_o likewise_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o compearance_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v by_o the_o letter_n by_o which_o the_o messenger_n be_v command_v to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n if_o within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o summons_n be_v execute_v against_o he_o he_o find_v not_o caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a which_o caution_n though_o it_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o messenger_n the_o messenger_n may_v still_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n for_o not_o find_v of_o caution_n and_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o private_a party_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n na_o in_o eo_fw-la non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la calumnia_fw-la yet_o the_o advocate_n in_o our_o practic_n do_v ordinary_o oblige_v his_o informer_n to_o find_v caution_n else_o he_o refuse_v he_o his_o concourse_n if_o the_o accuser_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v calumnious_a or_o as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o in_o the_o wrong_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o party_n a_o unlaw_n of_o ten_o pound_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 6._o act_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o deed_n than_o one_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o twenty_o pound_n and_o likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o defender_n expense_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_v speak_v only_o of_o not_o prevail_v though_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la litigandi_fw-la but_o if_o their_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o inflict_v what_o punishment_n they_o please_v either_o in_o that_o same_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v absolve_v or_o upon_o a_o separate_a bill_n or_o pursuit_n as_o also_o he_o be_v by_o the_o justice_n constant_o ordain_v to_o pay_v what_o damnage_n and_o interest_n or_o expense_n the_o justice_n please_v both_o to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o albeit_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n fisci_fw-la non_fw-la praesumebatur_fw-la calumniosus_fw-la yet_o si_fw-fr procurator_n fiscalis_fw-la calumniose_fw-la instigat_fw-la judicem_fw-la ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o damna_fw-la actione_n injuriarum_fw-la &_o concremari_fw-la debet_fw-la l._n universi_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la causa_fw-la fiscal_v etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n hodie_fw-la &_o judex_fw-la &_o procurator_n fisci_fw-la affectate_v consequentes_fw-la crimen_fw-la extraordinary_a sunt_fw-la punendi_fw-la q._n ix_o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o because_o many_o poor_a person_n be_v malicious_o or_o ignorant_o imprison_v that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n shall_v imprison_v none_o but_o where_o one_o shall_v find_v caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o insist_v against_o they_o and_o to_o aliment_v they_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v appoint_v a_o procurator_n dwell_v within_o edinburgh_n to_o who_o the_o justice_n might_n intimate_fw-la when_o they_o desire_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v the_o 5._o of_o july_n 1661._o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o exp_v very_o speedy_o and_o for_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v appoint_v to_o visit_v the_o prison_n every_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celeriter_fw-la judicari_fw-la basil._n l._n 21._o the_o custod_a reor_fw-la title_n xx._n of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 1._o whether_o a_o procurator_n shall_v be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o his_o absence_n 2._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v deput_n when_o he_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi he_o have_v also_o other_o privilege_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n procurator_n be_v admit_v in_o defence_n 4._o what_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v allow_v in_o criminal_n the_o doctor_n make_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la simplicem_fw-la allegatorem_fw-la who_o can_v only_o propon_n what_o be_v nottour_n as_o that_o the_o party_n cite_v be_v know_v to_o be_v sick_a &_o procuratorem_fw-la who_o must_v have_v a_o mandat_fw-la and_o may_v propon_n declinator_n or_o dilator_n &_o defensorem_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la who_o not_o only_o can_v propon_n dilator_n but_o may_v likewise_o defend_v et_fw-la advocatus_fw-la semper_fw-la neputatur_fw-la defensor_fw-la and_o needs_o no_o mandat_fw-la but_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o must_v have_v a_o procuratory_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o pursue_v nor_o defend_v l._n ult_n §_o ad_fw-la crimen_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n jud_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o most_o nation_n a_o procurator_n be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v for_o paena_fw-la talionis_fw-la be_v now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n the_o pursuer_n personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a clar._n fin_n quest_n 14._o n._n 22._o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a ne_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddatur_fw-la elusorium_fw-la with_o we_o procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o yet_o this_o appear_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o defender_n shall_v desire_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v swear_v the_o libel_n the_o diet_n will_v desert_n if_o this_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o procurator_n and_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la a_o day_n may_v be_v take_v to_o produce_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n we_o call_v swear_v the_o libel_n in_o criminal_n yet_o see_v all_o criminal_a diet_n be_v peremptor_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a for_o else_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n such_o as_o be_v the_o pursuer_n oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi himself_z be_v present_a and_o refuse_v no_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o his_o instance_n likea_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_v it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v the_o witness_n good_a deed_n or_o that_o he_o know_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v alibi_fw-la by_o all_o which_o it_o will_v seem_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v still_o be_v present_a yet_o this_o be_v express_o repel_v 4._o august_n 1652._o where_o ballindalloch_n be_v pursue_v john_n grant_v but_o there_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o ballindalloch_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pursuer_n himself_o and_o the_o remanent_fw-la be_v his_o servant_n ii_o albeit_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o most_o case_n yet_o he_o use_v ordinary_o to_o constitute_v a_o deput_n who_o shall_v produce_v a_o write_a warrant_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n else_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o this_o deput_n can_v desert_v a_o diet_n though_o his_o procuratory_n do_v not_o instruct_v he_o with_o a_o particular_a power_n for_o that_o effect_n 29._o november_n 1638._o mr._n george_n norvel_v procurator_n for_o mr._n john_n rollo_n which_o be_v constant_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v a_o summons_n of_o treason_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n or_o a_o particular_a order_n from_o the_o council_n which_o he_o use_v to_o produce_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la and_o be_v still_o mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o adjournal_n book_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ochiltree_n and_o balmerinoch_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n with_o we_o examine_v party_n and_o witness_n before_o the_o process_n be_v intent_a which_o he_o do_v upon_o pretext_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o know_v how_o to_o libel_v exact_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o vex_v party_n if_o he_o find_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o pursuit_n but_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v always_o think_v this_o procedur_n dangerous_a for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v still_o a_o party_n interest_v and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o witness_n for_o thereby_o he_o may_v strain_v from_o they_o what_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o depon_n and_o if_o in_o our_o last_o reformation_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n shall_v not_o make_v the_o roll_n of_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v too_o much_o interest_v much_o
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n be_v in_o effect_n either_o judge_n or_o witness_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v still_o the_o choice_n of_o both_o judge_n and_o witness_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a 3._o as_o the_o defender_n may_v decline_v they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o so_o they_o be_v swear_v nor_o be_v it_o presumeable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o impious_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v to_o please_v other_o upon_o which_o presumption_n our_o law_n lean_v so_o much_o that_o though_o assizer_n condemn_v unjust_o they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n as_o be_v believe_v but_o by_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o list_n of_o the_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o quorum_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o list_n shall_v express_v not_o only_o the_o name_n but_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o assizer_n when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n be_v come_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v call_v and_o the_o assizer_n be_v likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a
original_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o least_o adhere_v to_o before_o they_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n be_v not_o equivalent_a to_o a_o verbal_a confession_n see_v they_o can_v not_o thereby_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v such_o as_o whether_o the_o confession_n be_v voluntar_n or_o extort_a or_o if_o it_o proceed_v upon_o a_o mistake_n or_o if_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o promise_n of_o life_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o party_n who_o confess_v may_v have_v emit_v that_o declaration_n upon_o a_o confidence_n that_o the_o same_o can_v not_o operat_fw-la against_o he_o be_v extrajudicial_a as_o say_v be_v 3._o that_o must_v be_v account_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la emanavit_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o this_o be_v such_o because_o there_o be_v no_o court_n fence_v here_o nor_o yet_o a_o assize_n swear_v whereas_o that_o be_v only_o call_v a_o judicial_a confession_n which_o be_v emit_v before_o those_o who_o be_v judge_n and_o whilst_o they_o be_v sit_v in_o judgement_n boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la 4._o the_o confessor_n here_o be_v a_o ignorant_a person_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o scottish_a language_n and_o so_o may_v be_v very_o subject_a to_o mistake_v upon_o which_o reason_n the_o assize_n have_v demure_v the_o justice_n make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n but_o the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o council_n remit_v entire_o back_o to_o themselves_o they_o do_v find_v the_o foresay_a confession_n sufficient_a and_o macknab_n be_v thereupon_o convict_v according_o and_o hang_v but_o if_o the_o confession_n have_v only_o be_v subscribe_v by_o a_o judge_n i_o think_v it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v valid_a for_o that_o be_v to_o confound_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n witness_v and_o clerk_n and_o will_v tend_v to_o make_v all_o judge_n arbitrary_a so_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o liege_n shall_v depend_v upon_o one_o single_a testimony_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o in_o inferior_a court_n where_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o person_n of_o very_a little_a integrity_n sit_v as_o judge_n and_o which_o judge_n be_v oftentimes_o interest_v to_o get_v the_o panel_n condemn_v because_o thereby_o the_o escheat_n at_o least_o a_o part_n of_o it_o fall_v to_o themselves_o so_o far_o do_v our_o law_n require_v judicial_a confession_n that_o it_o have_v be_v debate_v that_o even_o a_o confession_n take_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n sit_v in_o judgement_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o assize_n to_o proceed_v in_o condemn_v the_o party_n except_o the_o confession_n have_v be_v renew_v before_o they_o though_o the_o confession_n itself_o be_v subscribe_v and_o the_o subscription_n acknowledge_v for_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n require_v that_o the_o hail_n probation_n shall_v be_v use_v before_o the_o assize_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n accuse_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o emit_v of_o the_o confession_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o probation_n since_o law_n have_v lay_v great_a weight_n upon_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o a_o confession_n be_v elicit_a measure_v exact_o the_o degree_n of_o constancy_n or_o fear_v appear_v in_o the_o panel_n as_o well_o as_o consider_v the_o motive_n by_o which_o he_o be_v induce_v to_o confess_v and_o what_o difference_n be_v there_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o assize_n whether_o the_o confession_n be_v emit_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o a_o inferior_a judge_n or_o why_o shall_v not_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o confession_n of_o party_n take_v by_o way_n of_o precognition_n prove_v and_o yet_o their_o confession_n take_v before_o the_o justice_n prove_v but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o confession_n emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o judge_n competent_a prove_v in_o all_o nation_n from_o which_o the_o foresay_a act_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v to_o derogat_n except_o it_o design_v the_o same_o clear_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o any_o probation_n that_o be_v former_o good_a and_o probative_a shall_v be_v discharge_v but_o only_o that_o the_o way_n of_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v regulat_fw-la and_o so_o subscribe_v paper_n be_v not_o reject_v for_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o paper_n prove_v treason_n and_o usury_n though_o they_o be_v not_o subscribe_v before_o the_o assize_n but_o that_o act_n only_o discharge_v a_o former_a wicked_a custom_n of_o carry_v in_o paper_n claudistine_o to_o the_o inquest_n which_o have_v not_o be_v open_o use_v before_o the_o panel_n likeas_n assizer_n do_v frequent_o condemn_v with_o we_o upon_o such_o confession_n the_o second_o question_n which_o may_v be_v here_o debate_v be_v whether_o when_o a_o person_n confess_v a_o crime_n with_o a_o quality_n and_o not_o simple_o if_o his_o confession_n may_v be_v divide_v so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v convict_v upon_o the_o confession_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o quality_n except_o he_o can_v prove_v the_o quality_n this_o be_v debate_v the_o 13._o of_o march_n 1668._o at_o which_o time_n one_o dumbar_n be_v pursue_v for_o wound_a colonel_n inn_n confess_v that_o he_o wound_v he_o but_o he_o do_v it_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o say_a colonel_n upon_o which_o confession_n it_o be_v allege_v he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o a_o confession_n can_v no_o more_o be_v divide_v than_o a_o oath_n and_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n in_o law_n that_o quod_fw-la approbas_fw-la non_fw-la reprobas_fw-la as_o also_o see_v the_o crime_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o confession_n the_o confession_n be_v qualify_v be_v no_o confession_n without_o the_o qualification_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o probation_n beyond_o the_o quality_n i_o know_v that_o the_o doctor_n do_v in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o be_v omit_v sub_fw-la unico_fw-la structu_fw-la verborum_fw-la as_o if_o the_o confession_n do_v bear_v i_o do_v kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n vel_fw-la sub_fw-la duplici_fw-la as_o i_o do_v kill_v but_o i_o kill_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n in_o the_o first_o they_o think_v the_o quality_n can_v be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o confession_n but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o may_v yet_o i_o think_v this_o but_o a_o subtlety_n for_o poor_a person_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v try_v for_o their_o life_n take_v not_o such_o pain_n to_o order_v their_o expression_n and_o their_o design_n in_o both_o be_v the_o same_o but_o i_o approve_v more_o that_o other_o opinion_n of_o these_o who_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n may_v infer_v a_o arbitrary_a though_o less_o punishment_n paenam_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la as_o be_v assert_v by_o decius_n in_o cap._n cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la extra_fw-la de_fw-fr except_o vid._n far._n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 87._o cap._n 4._o and_o albeit_o i_o think_v that_o if_o there_o be_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o confessor_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o above_o relate_a case_n he_o behove_v cocasu_fw-la to_o prove_v that_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n otherwise_o then_o by_o adject_v a_o quality_n because_o presumption_n transfer_v the_o necessity_n of_o probation_n upon_o he_o against_o who_o the_o presumption_n be_v bring_v cod._a fab_n de_fw-fr sicar_n def_n 6._o non_fw-la scinditur_fw-la confessio_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la adsint_fw-la contraria_fw-la indicia_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v that_o such_o qualify_a confession_n as_o this_o be_v which_o imply_v a_o defence_n shall_v either_o prove_v the_o defence_n or_o else_o they_o shall_v not_o prove_v the_o libel_n and_o either_o shall_v be_v altogether_o believe_v or_o altogether_o reprobate_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o the_o design_n of_o the_o confessor_n to_o bind_v a_o guilt_n upon_o himself_o by_o the_o confession_n so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v a_o guilt_n against_o himself_o will_v be_v likewise_o so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n real_o and_o sincere_o or_o if_o he_o omit_v this_o confession_n by_o a_o secret_a impulse_n of_o a_o superior_a power_n force_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n we_o may_v rational_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o impulse_n will_v likewise_o have_v enforce_v he_o to_o confess_v the_o truth_n in_o its_o fullness_n and_o simplicity_n &_o homicidium_fw-la indubio_fw-it non_fw-la dolose_a sed_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la factum_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la qualitas_fw-la adjecta_fw-la habet_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la presumptionem_fw-la mascard_v deprobat_fw-la l._n 2._o concluss_n 867._o i_o do_v likewise_o think_v if_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o first_o deposition_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o afterward_o be_v receive_v since_o
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o receâ—ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n mâ—ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o
instance_n of_o the_o fisk._n 2._o if_o the_o objection_n be_v such_o as_o tend_v to_o cast_v the_o witness_n mere_o because_o of_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v as_o that_o he_o be_v servant_n or_o within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o though_o the_o party_n wrong_v insist_v not_o yet_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v if_o any_o advantage_n may_v accress_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o their_o deposition_n and_o except_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o shall_v thereby_o reap_v no_o advantage_n and_o except_v the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o do_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o his_o relation_n will_v retain_v a_o private_a grudge_n or_o malice_n whereupon_o they_o may_v prejudge_v in_o their_o deposition_n both_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o defender_n and_o yet_o ordinary_o with_o we_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n thus_o neilson_n be_v receive_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n for_o witchcraft_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o nicol_n who_o give_v information_n in_o the_o dittay_n because_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o his_o instance_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1622._o and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o process_n stirling_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o muir_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v malificiat_a by_o she_o albeit_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o muir_n nor_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n which_o i_o think_v both_o irregular_a and_o dangerous_a albeit_o these_o be_v relevant_a objection_n against_o witness_n yet_o if_o the_o proponer_n of_o the_o objection_n cite_v they_o also_o at_o his_o own_o instance_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v habiles_fw-la testes_fw-la but_o sometime_o he_o may_v notwithstanding_o propon_n objection_n even_o against_o those_o himself_n cite_v v_o g._n though_o i_o cite_v a_o man_n to_o be_v witness_n for_o i_o yet_o i_o may_v set_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n for_o my_o adversary_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n or_o servant_n iv._o the_o objection_n contradicta_fw-la testium_fw-la be_v singularity_n and_o contrariety_n and_o the_o not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la singularity_n be_v when_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n have_v no_o concur_v witness_n and_o this_o singularity_n be_v divide_v in_o obstativam_fw-la adminiculativam_fw-la &_o diversificativam_fw-la singularitas_fw-la obstativa_fw-la be_v in_o acta_fw-la non_fw-la reiterabili_fw-la a_o instance_n whereof_o they_o give_v in_o susanna_n and_o the_o two_o elder_n who_o depone_v upon_o the_o same_o adultery_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o place_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o reiterable_a or_o reiterated_a that_o two_o witness_n vary_v upon_o the_o time_n or_o place_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v murder_v at_o edimburgh_n and_o the_o other_o at_o haddingtoun_n these_o deposition_n can_v not_o be_v conjoin_v for_o prove_v the_o murder_n singularitas_fw-la adminiculativa_fw-la be_v where_o the_o witness_n do_v not_o concur_v in_o their_o deposition_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a and_o the_o one_o assist_v the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o prove_v that_o a_o horse_n be_v steal_v one_o shall_v depon_n that_o he_o see_v the_o thief_n go_v in_o without_o a_o horse_n another_o see_v he_o take_v the_o horse_n but_o no_o more_o which_o singularity_n in_o deposition_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o witness_n to_o prove_v neither_o by_o our_o practic_n nor_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n singularitas_fw-la diversificativa_fw-la be_v when_o witness_n depon_n different_a act_n as_o in_o a_o crime_n which_o be_v reiterable_a and_o thus_o the_o adultery_n against_o john_n maxwel_n be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v though_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n depone_v only_o upon_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o of_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n february_n 1666._o for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o if_o one_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o through_o a_o hole_n and_o see_v adultery_n commit_v and_o thereafter_o another_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o and_o see_v the_o adultery_n likewise_o commit_v yet_o they_o be_v contest_v and_o do_v prove_v sufficient_o etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la infligendam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o adultery_n lead_v against_o george_n swintoun_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o case_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n both_o the_o witness_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n maxwel_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o deposition_n be_v conjoin_v against_o he_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o sustain_v a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o these_o different_a probation_n can_v have_v be_v conjoin_v if_o the_o case_n have_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n quest_n 64._o the_o opposition_n contra_fw-la exam_fw-la testium_fw-la num_fw-la 55._o xv._n witness_n who_o depon_n thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a do_v not_o prove_v if_o that_o contrariety_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v substantial_a but_o though_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n yet_o they_o prove_v &_o verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la improprianda_fw-la nut_n testes_fw-la concordentur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la concordari_fw-la debent_fw-la aliquando_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la per_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la supletivam_fw-la but_o though_o contrariety_n be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o deposition_n yet_o too_o formal_a a_o agreement_n among_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n all_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n &_o per_fw-la praemeditatum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la be_v suspect_v v_o g._n if_o two_o or_o more_o witness_n shall_v tell_v over_o a_o long_a story_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o farin_n well_o observe_v quest_n 64._o num_fw-la 24._o xvi_o lawyer_n have_v take_v so_o great_a pain_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o poor_a panel_n that_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v witness_n though_o concur_v except_o they_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la if_o the_o thing_n deponed_a fall_n under_o sense_n as_o the_o see_v a_o man_n kill_v if_o it_o fall_v not_o under_o a_o sense_n absolute_o as_o that_o a_o person_n be_v drink_v mad_a or_o repute_v a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n betwixt_o which_o two_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o these_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o sense_n the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la must_v be_v give_v whether_o it_o be_v ask_v or_o not_o because_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la and_o not_o the_o deposition_n which_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n witness_n must_v in_o our_o law_n be_v receive_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n that_o the_o panel_n presence_n may_v overawe_n the_o deponer_n and_o that_o the_o assize_n may_v judge_v by_o the_o deponers_n countenance_n gesture_n and_o assurance_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v and_o advocat_n be_v to_o be_v present_a that_o they_o may_v interrogat_n upon_o emergent_n and_o this_o be_v much_o just_a than_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n be_v who_o allow_v neither_o advocate_n nor_o party_n to_o be_v present_a whilst_o the_o witness_n depon_n gomes_n de_fw-fr delict_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 65._o and_o in_o this_o also_o we_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n custodias_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n judiciis_fw-la xvii_o witness_n be_v sometime_o receive_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la for_o the_o defender_n but_o never_o for_o the_o accuser_n and_o that_o because_o the_o accuser_n may_v blame_v himself_o for_o not_o pursue_v soon_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o defender_n power_n and_o testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la creditur_fw-la whereas_o deposition_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la be_v only_o testimonia_fw-la and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o justice_n sometime_o declare_v in_o court_n when_o they_o continue_v diet_n that_o they_o will_v receive_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la but_o this_o form_n be_v not_o allowable_a in_o my_o opinion_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n because_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n xviii_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n that_o albeit_o it_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o object_n against_o witness_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o cite_v witness_n to_o prove_v his_o objection_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi adduce_v a_o witness_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o theft_n by_o a_o sentence_n at_o aberdene_n this_o will_v be_v relevant_a but_o the_o panel_n can_v not_o
dangerous_a to_o challenge_v a_o remission_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o one_o of_o the_o learnede_a lawyer_n of_o his_o time_n be_v send_v to_o the_o castle_n for_o quarrel_v the_o king_n power_n in_o grant_v a_o remission_n for_o fire-raising_a yet_o i_o find_v a_o remission_n produce_v by_o john_n bell_n quarrel_v as_o null_n because_o 1._o it_o be_v give_v for_o murder_a christopher_n irving_n and_o so_o be_v null_a by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n 2._o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n and_o slaughter_n be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o crime_n as_o murder_v nor_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o fore-thought-fellony_n express_v 3._o it_o be_v not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n the_o justice_n delay_v to_o give_v answer_n but_o i_o find_v not_o the_o person_n be_v punish_v 1643._o as_o also_o mackie_n be_v convict_v for_o falsit_fw-la and_o have_v enact_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n thereafter_o he_o return_v and_o be_v pursue_v for_o his_o life_n allege_v upon_o a_o remission_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a because_o he_o return_v before_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o past_o the_o seal_n nor_o be_v it_o yet_o past_a upon_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v the_o 23._o of_o febr._n 1622._o but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o pursuit_n be_v here_o at_o the_o advocat_n instance_n only_o who_o can_v not_o quarrel_v his_o majesty_n remission_n upon_o no_o account_n iv._o if_o the_o party_n do_v willing_o grant_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o grudge_n or_o revenge_n in_o the_o crime_n of_o murder_n this_o discharge_n be_v call_v a_o letter_n of_o slants_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o doctor_n litera_fw-la pacis_fw-la and_o thus_o plot._n consil_n 78._o say_v that_o gratiafacta_fw-la parti_fw-la nocenti_fw-la à _fw-la principe_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la nisi_fw-la fiat_fw-la reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la &_o interest_n vel_fw-la nisi_fw-la pax_fw-la sit_fw-la prius_fw-la habita_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la offensi_fw-la this_o rule_n have_v some_o exception_n both_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o we_o for_o by_o we_o exception_n be_v make_v of_o remission_n grant_v for_o pacify_v the_o highland_n and_o border_n which_o be_v valid_a though_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o satisfy_v act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o which_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o public_a quiet_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n from_o which_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v grant_v without_o gratify_v or_o repair_v these_o who_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o person_n indemnify_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o rex_fw-la potest_fw-la gratiari_fw-la nocentem_fw-la sine_fw-la pace_fw-la privati_fw-la interest_n habenti_fw-la quando_fw-la damnandus_fw-la laborasset_fw-la pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi reipublicae_fw-la &_o fecisset_fw-la illud_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la multorum_fw-la salus_fw-la causata_fw-la esset_fw-la l._n non_fw-la omnes_fw-la §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi militari_fw-la by_o their_o remission_n the_o party_n be_v not_o restore_v to_o his_o good_a fame_n l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr gen_n abolit_fw-la indulgentia_fw-la patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la quos_fw-la liberat_fw-la notat_fw-la nec_fw-la infamiam_fw-la criminis_fw-la tollit_fw-la sed_fw-la paenae_fw-la gratiam_fw-la facit_fw-la and_o though_o i_o think_v this_o shall_v hold_v in_o such_o as_o be_v remit_v after_o they_o be_v condemn_v because_o they_o be_v know_v to_o have_v diffamed_a themselves_o by_o contract_v that_o criminal_a guilt_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o hold_v in_o such_o as_o secure_v only_o their_o own_o innocence_n by_o a_o remission_n and_o redeem_v themselves_o rather_o from_o hazard_n then_o from_o guilt_n v._o the_o king_n majesty_n sometime_o restore_v the_o person_n condemn_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la which_o he_o do_v by_o rescind_v the_o sentence_n that_o stand_v against_o he_o as_o injust_a and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o in_o parliament_n if_o the_o person_n be_v condemn_v by_o they_o or_o by_o a_o review_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o he_o be_v condemn_v there_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n be_v restore_v not_o only_o to_o his_o fame_n but_o likewise_o to_o all_o his_o estate_n even_o though_o it_o be_v bestow_v upon_o a_o three_o party_n as_o be_v after_o much_o debate_n find_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1661._o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n title_n xxix_o of_o prescription_n in_o crime_n 1._o how_o crime_n do_v prescrive_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o whether_o do_v crime_n prescrive_v by_o our_o law_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n crime_n do_v prescrive_v in_o twenty_o year_n l._n querela_fw-la c._n defal_v and_o clarius_n do_v assert_v that_o general_o all_o the_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o all_o criminal_a pursuit_n prescribe_v in_o that_o time_n but_o this_o prescription_n do_v not_o run_v in_o some_o atrocious_a crime_n such_o as_o sodomy_n parricide_n apostasy_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o they_o err_v for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o either_o semper_fw-la paricidii_fw-la accusatio_fw-la permittitur_fw-la as_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr leg_n pompey_n ad_fw-la paricid_n or_o that_o nullus_fw-la temporibus_fw-la arcetur_fw-la apostotarum_fw-la accusatio_fw-la that_o must_v be_v interpret_v the_o prescriptione_n vigniti_fw-la annorum_fw-la which_o be_v in_o law_n call_v longissum_fw-la tempus_fw-la but_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n and_o peculatus_fw-la prescribe_v in_o five_o year_n ii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v with_o we_o if_o prescription_n have_v place_n at_o all_o and_o that_o it_o have_v not_o may_v be_v urge_v from_o these_o ground_n 1._o that_o prescription_n have_v no_o place_n with_o we_o except_o where_o it_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o particular_a statute_n and_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n warrant_v prescription_n in_o criminal_o and_o if_o prescription_n found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v be_v sufficient_a in_o scotland_n there_o need_v not_o any_o particular_a act_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o civil_a case_n but_o since_o our_o law_n think_v necessary_a to_o make_v law_n as_o to_o prescription_n in_o civil_a cause_n they_o have_v much_o more_o determine_v this_o poâ—nt_n by_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o they_o have_v think_v it_o fit_a to_o extinguish_v crime_n by_o prescription_n but_o on_o the_o contrair_a our_o act_n of_o prescription_n in_o heritage_n 1617._o have_v except_v the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n from_o prescription_n 2._o there_o be_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n both_o quoad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la et_fw-la bonafisco_fw-la applicanda_fw-la that_o right_o can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o but_o by_o a_o public_a law_n or_o his_o own_o private_a remission_n 3._o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o because_o a_o private_a party_n will_v not_o inform_v be_v either_o afraid_a or_o negligent_a that_o the_o public_a shall_v therefore_o suffer_v 4._o there_o be_v no_o instance_n in_o all_o our_o practics_n where_o prescription_n have_v be_v sustain_v but_o one_o the_o contrair_a crime_n of_o a_o old_a date_n even_o after_o forty_o year_n have_v be_v punish_v 5._o â—emel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la esse_fw-la malus_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la malitiae_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o suffer_v a_o person_n to_o live_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o will_v be_v both_o do_v wrong_a himself_o and_o incite_v other_o to_o do_v so_o by_o his_o example_n yet_o for_o the_o other_o part_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v 1._o that_o the_o only_a end_n of_o punishment_n be_v that_o the_o crime_n commit_v may_v be_v punish_v to_o preveen_v the_o error_n of_o other_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o after_o a_o long_a time_n both_o the_o public_a be_v presume_v to_o have_v forget_v that_o any_o such_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o presume_v to_o have_v forget_v and_o remit_v their_o private_a revenge_n for_o satisfy_v whereof_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v 2._o after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n any_o probation_n that_o can_v be_v lead_v against_o the_o malefactor_n either_o fail_v or_o the_o witness_n after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n may_v have_v forget_v the_o exact_a circumstance_n and_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o upon_o testimony_n that_o have_v so_o unclear_a a_o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la as_o these_o witness_n can_v give_v to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n likeas_n the_o witness_n and_o other_o probation_n will_v probable_o perish_v whereby_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v exculpat_v himself_o and_o mantain_v his_o innocenc_n so_o that_o the_o fisk_n or_o any_o private_a party_n may_v by_o their_o negligence_n or_o upon_o design_n prejudge_v the_o panel_n of_o his_o defence_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whereby_o man_n negligence_n can_v only_o wrong_v themselves_o and_o they_o have_v only_o themselves_o to_o blame_v that_o do_v not_o make_v use_n soon_o of_o the_o remedy_n appoint_v by_o
discover_v their_o complice_n and_o to_o confess_v the_o crime_n which_o other_o have_v deny_v in_o a_o rage_n or_o confusion_n occasion_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o respite_n with_o we_o a_o sentence_n may_v be_v present_o put_v to_o execution_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v confine_v by_o nothing_o but_o by_o his_o own_o discretion_n yet_o where_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v inflict_v either_o the_o panel_n be_v return_v to_o prison_n till_o he_o pay_v his_o fine_a or_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n bear_v ordinary_o that_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v within_o six_o day_n and_o though_o baron_n can_v poynd_v in_o civil_a case_n upon_o less_o than_o fifteen_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o may_v present_o poynd_v sine_fw-la ullisindiciis_fw-la legalibus_fw-la upon_o criminal_a sentence_n vii_o sentence_n be_v execute_v of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n either_o by_o the_o common_a executioner_n or_o by_o soldier_n l._n 7._o c._n the_o cohort_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o saviour_n passion_n and_o these_o soldier_n be_v call_v optiones_fw-la &_o speculatores_fw-la l._n 6._o ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr damnat_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o the_o soldier_n be_v only_a guard_n and_o never_o executioner_n and_o be_v call_v speculatores_fw-la because_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o oversee_v the_o execution_n and_o to_o restrain_v tumult_n especial_o see_v common_a executioner_n be_v so_o infamous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v advance_v ever_o thereafter_o to_o any_o sacred_a order_n c._n clericum_fw-la distinct_a 50._o and_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v the_o executioner_n of_o st._n johnstoun_n repel_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n from_o be_v a_o witness_n that_o the_o justice_n may_v force_v any_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o a_o town_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o executioner_n if_o they_o want_v one_o be_v i_o think_v without_o all_o warrant_n see_v officium_fw-la nemini_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la damnosum_fw-la and_o no_o man_n will_v be_v a_o magistrate_n if_o that_o be_v allow_v but_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v be_v fine_v for_o negligence_n if_o they_o omit_v to_o appoint_v one_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n can_v force_v any_o mean_a person_n who_o lead_v a_o honest_a life_n to_o be_v a_o executioner_n albeit_o clar._n §_o fin._n quest_n 99_o num_fw-la 4._o and_o gomes_n lib._n 3._o cap._n ult_n num_fw-la 5._o do_v assert_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v force_v any_o ex_fw-la infima_fw-la plebe_fw-la to_o officiat_fw-la in_o that_o employment_n and_o yet_o their_o opinion_n agree_v with_o our_o custom_n the_o executioner_n have_v right_a to_o the_o clothes_n pannicularia_fw-la of_o the_o person_n execute_v by_o our_o custom_n and_o per._n l._n d._n hadrianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr dam._n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o body_n of_o the_o person_n execute_v can_v not_o of_o old_a be_v bury_v without_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o prince_n ff_n de_fw-mi cadav_fw-mi punitor_n which_o be_v antiquate_v per._n l._n obnoxius_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr relig_n &_o sumpt_n fun_n and_o by_o our_o custom_n wherein_o the_o person_n execute_v may_v be_v bury_v in_o all_o case_n though_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v for_o treason_n can_v assist_v on_o the_o scaffold_n or_o wear_v mourning_n by_o our_o custom_n except_o the_o council_n give_v express_v consent_n viii_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a then_o upon_o a_o act_n of_o adjournal_n he_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n or_o outlaw_v as_o the_o english_a and_o our_o old_a statute_n call_v it_o and_o though_o if_o the_o punishment_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o fine_a be_v for_o his_o majesty_n use_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v only_o write_v the_o letter_n yet_o if_o the_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o any_o private_a person_n any_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v write_v the_o letter_n and_o though_o the_o 126._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o appoint_v that_o all_o criminal_a letter_n shall_v not_o be_v registrat_n as_o other_o letter_n but_o return_v to_o the_o adjournal_n yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la such_o horning_n be_v sometime_o registrat_n in_o the_o ordinary_a register_n of_o horning_n likea_n albeit_o the_o escheat_n of_o he_o who_o be_v denunce_v can_v fall_v upon_o a_o denounciation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n though_o caption_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o such_o a_o execution_n yet_o criminal_a letter_n may_v be_v execute_v at_o edinburgh_n or_o any_o mercat_n cross_n where_o the_o justice_n court_n do_v sit_v in_o which_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v act_n 140._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o upon_o production_n of_o the_o regâ—strat_n hoâ—ning_n letter_n of_o intercommune_v be_v grant_v upon_o a_o common_a bill_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o which_o all_o the_o liege_n be_v discharge_v to_o intercommune_v with_o 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messenger_n be_v deforce_v in_o the_o execution_n thereof_o then_o the_o council_n grant_v commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o be_v but_o a_o caption_n for_o inbr_v the_o malefactor_n who_o resist_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n may_v be_v grant_v though_o the_o malefactor_n have_v not_o deforce_v if_o it_o be_v not_o our_o that_o the_o malefactor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reduce_v in_o the_o ordinar_n way_n for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o expose_v his_o majesty_n law_n to_o contempt_n and_o his_o officer_n to_o certain_a hazard_n as_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o person_n be_v denounce_v fugitive_n for_o deforce_v messenger_n or_o have_v convocat_n loose_a man_n and_o life_n in_o open_a rapine_n it_o be_v against_o sense_n that_o a_o new_a deforcement_n be_v necessary_a but_o their_o commission_n be_v never_o grant_v but_o in_o criminal_a case_n and_o yet_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o be_v grant_v to_o mackintosh_n against_o lochiel_n after_o that_o mackintosh_n have_v obtain_v decreet_n of_o remove_a and_o have_v raise_v letter_n of_o ejection_n but_o the_o sheriff_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o dare_v not_o eject_v for_o the_o council_n think_v ti_fw-mi not_o just_a to_o expose_v the_o sheriff_n to_o certain_a hazard_n and_o yet_o the_o ordinar_n course_n be_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v offer_v to_o eject_v and_o if_o he_o be_v deforce_v than_o the_o case_n become_v criminal_a and_o some_o think_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o that_o case_n without_o a_o sentence_n ensue_v on_o it_o and_o that_o the_o deforcer_n be_v registrat_n at_o the_o horn_n thereupon_o but_o other_o think_v that_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n letter_n of_o second_o caption_n be_v grant_v where_o the_o first_o caption_n can_v take_v effect_n so_o in_o case_n of_o extraordinar_a opposition_n to_o authority_n letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o mere_a execution_n that_o the_o ordinar_n course_n of_o law_n can_v take_v effect_n ix_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v if_o after_o sentence_n the_o innocence_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v shall_v be_v convince_o clear_v in_o which_o case_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n can_v rescind_v his_o own_o sentence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 56._o basil._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la but_o he_o ought_v to_o acquaint_v the_o council_n and_o they_o may_v intercede_v for_o his_o remission_n l._n 27._o de_fw-la paen_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o council_n may_v prorogat_v also_o the_o diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n but_o i_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o much_o less_o inferior_a judge_n can_v prorogat_n diet_n appoint_v for_o execution_n even_o by_o themselves_o since_o they_o be_v functi_fw-la by_o the_o pronounce_v of_o the_o doom_n though_o some_o ignorant_a judge_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la prorogat_fw-la execution_n and_o as_o they_o can_v even_o before_o sentence_n remit_v so_o neither_o can_v they_o prorogat_v for_o any_o long_a time_n for_o else_o prorogation_n may_v be_v lengthen_v so_o as_o to_o become_v remission_n upon_o the_o the_o matter_n the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o doubt_n viz._n whether_o a_o person_n once_o absolve_v may_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n be_v more_o intricat_a but_o may_v be_v somewhat_o clear_v by_o these_o position_n 1._o the_o same_o party_n can_v upon_o new_a probation_n much_o less_o upon_o the_o old_a probation_n accuse_v a_o person_n once_o assoilzy_v by_o a_o assize_n though_o he_o may_v accuse_v the_o assize_n who_o assoilzy_v he_o of_o wilful_a error_n and_o that_o even_o though_o he_o shall_v thereafter_o willing_o confess_v the_o crime_n for_o which_o he_o be_v former_o accuse_v though_o farin_n quest_n 4._o num_fw-la 43._o think_v that_o he_o may_v be_v again_o pursue_v and_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o confession_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o madness_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o criminal_a sentence_n 2._o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v yet_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v again_o pursue_v upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o res_fw-la inter_fw-la alius_fw-la acta_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o keep_v people_n in_o a_o constant_a suspense_n 3._o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v collude_v with_o the_o defender_n so_o that_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o a_o white_a assize_n in_o abstract_v the_o necessary_a probation_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n his_o own_o fraud_n shall_v not_o secure_v he_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 28._o si_fw-la per_fw-la calumniam_fw-la procedat_fw-la vid._n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la collus_fw-la de_fw-fr teg_n but_o though_o the_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v by_o collusion_n betwixt_o the_o defender_n friend_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o i_o think_v the_o defender_n can_v again_o be_v reconveen_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n since_o he_o be_v innocent_a though_o the_o collusion_n be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o x._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o offender_n all_o punishment_n cease_v except_o in_o treason_n &_o crimine_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la or_o missimployment_n of_o public_a money_n in_o caeteris_fw-la vero_fw-la criminibus_fw-la ita_fw-la demum_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la paena_fw-la ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la incipere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-la vivo_fw-la reo_fw-la accusatio_fw-la mota_fw-la est_fw-la l._n ex_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o that_o law_n if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a against_o the_o father_n it_o may_v have_v continue_v against_o the_o son_n to_o infer_v a_o pecunial_a mulct_n but_o this_o last_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o among_o who_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v lead_v in_o absence_n except_o in_o treason_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n may_v be_v sustain_v for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o expense_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n even_o against_o the_o malefactor_n heir_n as_o be_v also_o decide_v by_o the_o senate_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab._n tit_n de_fw-fr accusat_fw-la def_n 15._o finis_fw-la
be_v because_o diverse_a exception_n be_v former_o propound_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o summons_n whereby_o party_n be_v frustrate_v of_o justice_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n oblige_v to_o libel_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o commit_n and_o so_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o accession_n which_o seem_v unjust_a to_o the_o parliament_n because_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o accuser_n can_v not_o know_v all_o the_o accession_n before_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o witness_n prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la to_o declare_v what_o they_o will_v depon_n and_o this_o make_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v exact_o whereas_o if_o he_o err_v in_o exact_a libel_v the_o panel_n or_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v because_o the_o probation_n do_v not_o quadrat_fw-la with_o the_o libel_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n be_v accuse_v for_o accession_n to_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o a._n b._n to_o kill_v he_o possible_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a of_o accession_n though_o not_o by_o give_v direction_n yet_o by_o counsel_v a._n b._n or_o by_o direct_v p._n or_o any_o other_o to_o commit_v murder_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a and_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o such_o a_o general_a libel_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v relevant_a since_o it_o be_v as_o reasonable_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n that_o a_o person_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o generality_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v likeas_n the_o defender_n seem_v by_o this_o preclude_v of_o many_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v competent_a to_o he_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v more_o special_a and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o libel_n must_v condescend_v special_o upon_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o accession_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o inconvenient_a be_v that_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o condescendency_n which_o infer_v art_n &_o part_n albeit_o many_o question_n in_o jure_fw-la be_v there_o start_v which_o be_v very_o intricat_a and_o which_o have_v trouble_v the_o great_a and_o most_o accurate_a doctor_n for_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o libel_n art_n and_o part_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v how_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n or_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o sinclar_n instance_n against_o captain_n barclay_n but_o the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a when_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o defender_n must_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o probation_n be_v thereupon_o lead_v in_o which_o many_o impertinent_a and_o irrelevant_a interrogator_n be_v propound_v whereas_o if_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n no_o impertinent_a interrogator_fw-la will_v be_v allow_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v interrogated_a but_o what_o be_v find_v to_o depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o accession_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a as_o also_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o advocat_n upon_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o debate_v the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o probation_n and_o how_o far_o the_o accession_n be_v relevant_a and_o here_o law_n decision_n and_o doctor_n be_v allege_v to_o assizer_n who_o understand_v neither_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n be_v libel_v probable_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v interrogat_n if_o the_o witness_n hear_v the_o defender_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v kill_v be_v stab_v or_o approve_v the_o murder_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v upon_o which_o much_o debate_n may_v arise_v for_o the_o defender_n procurator_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o article_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o though_o the_o justice_n do_v allow_v or_o the_o assizer_n do_v desire_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v answer_v to_o these_o interrogator_n as_o they_o usual_o allow_v all_o interrogator_n reserve_v the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v debate_v after_o probation_n be_v conclude_v then_o a_o learned_a debate_n will_v ensue_v before_o the_o assizer_n after_o close_v of_o the_o probation_n upon_o these_o point_n so_o that_o the_o assizer_n be_v against_o the_o intention_n even_o of_o our_o law_n judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o to_o the_o point_n of_o law_n by_o who_o ignorance_n also_o the_o liedge_n be_v ofttimes_o much_o prejudge_v but_o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n to_o have_v the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o condescendency_n judge_v by_o the_o justice_n he_o use_v to_o libel_v that_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o give_v order_n or_o advise_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n be_v special_o condescend_v upon_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v judge_n to_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o complice_n be_v art_n and_o part_n yet_o the_o libel_n must_v bear_v express_o who_o be_v complice_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o libel_v who_o be_v complice_n general_o but_o their_o name_n and_o designation_n must_v be_v specify_v k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o act_n 76._o because_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n and_o that_o the_o debate_v make_v to_o the_o assize_n be_v not_o upon_o record_n be_v only_o deliver_v viva_fw-la voce_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o decision_n here_o adduce_v for_o clear_v the_o relevancy_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dittay_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o liege_n who_o may_v be_v assizer_n may_v understand_v what_o accession_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v a_o guilt_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o one_o may_v be_v art_n and_o part_n by_o deed_n precede_v the_o crime_n either_o by_o counsel_n or_o command_v consilio_fw-la aut_fw-la mandato_fw-la by_o deed_n concomitate_v the_o crime_n as_o by_o help_n or_o by_o countenance_v open_a &_o assistentia_fw-la or_o by_o deed_n subsequent_a to_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o by_o ratihabit_v or_o recept_v all_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v separat_o iii_o how_o far_o the_o advise_v and_o counsel_v a_o man_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o accession_n and_o art_n and_o part_n of_o that_o crime_n be_v thus_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n if_o say_v they_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o however_o and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v advise_v thereto_o than_o the_o adviser_n be_v not_o liable_a so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o committer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v whereas_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v not_o have_v commit_v and_o perpetrate_v the_o crime_n if_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v that_o advice_n than_o the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v clar._n quest_n 89._o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opinion_n for_o since_o the_o adviser_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o have_v the_o crime_n commit_v and_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v he_o be_v sure_o as_o guilty_a as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o see_v in_o crime_n we_o look_v to_o the_o design_n and_o not_o to_o the_o event_n in_o maleficiis_fw-la spectatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o maleficia_fw-la propositum_fw-la distingut_n at_o least_o the_o adviser_n be_v equal_o guilty_a whether_o it_o have_v be_v commit_v with_o or_o without_o his_o advice_n even_o as_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a in_o case_n of_o assistance_n though_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v without_o his_o assistance_n nor_o be_v guilt_n spare_v by_o lessen_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v whether_o the_o committer_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n give_v other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o punishable_a which_o certain_o hold_v in_o treason_n but_o that_o in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o adviser_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v then_o the_o actor_n and_o this_o distinction_n i_o like_v better_o and_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o our_o practic_n in_o our_o law_n advice_n and_o counsel_n come_v under_o art_n for_o advice_n be_v a_o species_n of_o contrivance_n and_o art_n and_o