the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o prevent_v disorder_n in_o the_o diet._n as_o for_o all_o private_a affair_n and_o suit_n of_o law_n they_o be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o new_a king_n coronation_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o in_o other_o diet_n occasion_n most_o crown_v head_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o this_o election_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n also_o always_o send_v his_o nuncio_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o profess_a catholic_n and_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o emperor_n and_o french_a king_n always_o raise_v great_a faction_n to_o promote_v their_o several_a interest_n receive_v before_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v they_o be_v to_o send_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v they_o lodging_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o business_n be_v rather_o to_o observe_v their_o conduct_n and_o to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n therewith_o than_o to_o do_v they_o either_o any_o service_n or_o honour_n but_o however_o these_o rule_n be_v but_o seldom_o observe_v for_o prince_n ambassador_n now_o general_o live_v public_o at_o warsaw_n a_o gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a be_v still_o appoint_v to_o be_v always_o with_o they_o who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o corrupt_v any_o with_o money_n but_o this_o precaution_n be_v notwithstanding_o now_o become_v useless_a since_o avarice_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n in_o poland_n that_o even_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v his_o country_n can_v withstand_v the_o charm_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n republic_n ambassador_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v from_o foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o master_n letter_n public_o read_v but_o also_o polish_v minister_n be_v send_v at_o this_o time_n from_o the_o republic_n to_o all_o neighbour_a state_n to_o answer_v their_o embassy_n and_o to_o request_v their_o amity_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n who_o have_v have_v audience_n of_o leave_n before_o the_o late_a king_n death_n be_v desire_v to_o depart_v within_o eight_o day_n minister_n ambassador_n from_o foreign_a court_n must_v take_v especial_a care_n to_o secure_v the_o diet_n in_o general_n since_o the_o bare_a disoblige_v of_o one_o particular_a member_n may_v render_v they_o for_o ever_o incapable_a of_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n where_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o quarrel_n with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o that_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a the_o nobility_n have_v not_o their_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n whereupon_o the_o gentry_n immediate_o begin_v to_o consult_v about_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o choose_v new_a deputy_n in_o prussia_n the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n be_v sole_a lord_n lieutenant_n summon_v all_o these_o little_a diet_n by_o his_o mandate_n election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v former_o hold_v at_o petricovia_n but_o since_o the_o join_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o a_o open_a field_n half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n and_o near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la and_o be_v not_o to_o continue_v by_o the_o law_n above_o six_o week_n the_o crown-treasurer_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n build_v there_o a_o large_a booth_n or_o hall_n with_o board_n not_o unlike_a booth_n in_o our_o bartholomew_n fair_a the_o name_n the_o pole_n give_v to_o this_o place_n be_v 295._o szopa_n signify_v a_o cover_a room_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n it_o have_v but_o three_o door_n to_o go_v in_o at_o and_o they_o fortify_v it_o round_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n when_o this_o place_n be_v thus_o finish_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a officer_n and_o the_o day_n fix_v for_o the_o diet_n convening_n be_v arrive_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n go_v in_o great_a order_n to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n where_o they_o pray_v god_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o quality_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o protect_v the_o republic_n then_o they_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o queen_n dowager_n to_o condole_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n her_o husband_n the_o primate_n speak_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o last_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o deputy_n who_o be_v then_o answer_v in_o the_o queen_n
the_o purlty_n of_o language_n be_v not_o contemptible_a former_o they_o have_v have_v several_a latin_a historian_n among_o they_o such_o as_o cromerus_n starovolscius_fw-la etc._n etc._n who_o have_v all_o write_a the_o annal_n and_o constitution_n of_o their_o country_n they_o have_v likewise_o have_v some_o historian_n who_o have_v write_v in_o their_o own_o language_n they_o also_o have_v not_o want_v for_o learned_a divine_n great_a philosopher_n famous_a astronomer_n logician_n etc._n etc._n the_o great_a astronomer_n nicolaus_n copernicus_n be_v a_o native_a of_o this_o country_n have_v have_v his_o birth_n in_o the_o city_n of_o thorn_n in_o regal_a prussia_n the_o reason_n why_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v not_o transmit_v more_o to_o posterity_n be_v because_o that_o while_o they_o live_v there_o be_v but_o little_a or_o no_o print_n in_o poland_n that_o be_v have_v be_v but_o late_o receive_v in_o this_o kingdom_n disregard_v though_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o extreme_o 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be_v a_o cancer_n on_o his_o tongue_n which_o have_v swell_v it_o to_o that_o prodigious_a
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and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
name_n by_o her_o chancellor_n after_o which_o they_o march_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o nobility_n elect_v their_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n by_o majority_n of_o vote_n who_o after_o be_v choose_v take_v the_o usual_a oath_n which_o run_v thus_o that_o he_o will_v discharge_v his_o office_n faithful_o receive_v no_o bribe_n keep_v private_a correspondence_n with_o none_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o will_v not_o subscribe_v a_o schedule_n of_o a_o free_a election_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o republic_n after_o this_o he_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o senator_n for_o their_o approbation_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o senator_n only_o sit_v in_o the_o szopa_n for_o the_o deputy_n have_v their_o session_n in_o the_o open_a field_n which_o they_o call_v their_o eadem_fw-la rota_n equestris_n therein_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o the_o senator_n and_o nuncios_fw-la or_o depute_a gentry_n do_v in_o this_o diet_n after_o establish_v of_o the_o kaptur_n be_v to_o take_v a_o mutual_a oath_n on_o their_o knee_n administer_v by_o the_o prmate_v to_o a_o strict_a union_n and_o intelligence_n among_o themselves_o for_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o nation_n next_o not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o for_o their_o king_n but_o he_o that_o be_v lawful_o elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o who_o must_v withal_o swear_v to_o preserve_v inviolable_a the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o they_o moreover_o promise_v mutual_o that_o he_o who_o will_v act_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v deem_v and_o declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n likewise_o they_o reciprocal_o promise_v not_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o any_o of_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n or_o disorder_n either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v first_o consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o entrench_v on_o their_o liberty_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o other_o judgement_n pronounce_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a they_o set_v up_o a_o new_a court_n of_o justice_n call_v kaptur_n which_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o country_n coin_v money_n raise_v soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v of_o the_o law_n they_o give_v order_n that_o no_o body_n shall_v come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o fire-arm_n nor_o bring_v any_o stranger_n along_o with_o they_o they_o cause_v the_o general_n to_o take_v on_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o faithful_o to_o employ_v their_o force_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n thereby_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o sedition_n or_o rebellion_n to_o restrain_v soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v money_n neither_o from_o clergy_n nor_o laity_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o and_o last_o they_o forbid_v they_o to_o advance_v with_o their_o troop_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o more_o especial_o to_o come_v 530._o near_o the_o diet_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v force_v to_o a_o election_n against_o their_o free_a will_n and_o provide_v the_o republic_n shall_v be_v attack_v by_o such_o a_o force_n as_o the_o army_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v than_o they_o declare_v that_o from_o that_o very_a minute_n they_o summon_v all_o the_o nobility_n to_o meet_v together_o without_o delay_n at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n which_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v appoint_v that_o the_o review_n of_o the_o soldier_n raise_v in_o general_a by_o the_o republic_n or_o in_o particular_a by_o the_o palatinaetes_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o camp_n that_o each_o palatinate_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o pay_v its_o own_o troop_n and_o not_o disband_v any_o but_o such_o as_o the_o general_a diet_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o dismiss_v they_o forbid_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o great_a duchy_n to_o give_v out_o any_o money_n without_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o his_o council_n but_o only_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o order_v that_o skilful_a and_o honest_a person_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o visit_v the_o saltworks_a and_o to_o regulate_v all_o reparation_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v necessary_a there_o and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o the_o deputy_n of_o certain_a city_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v their_o right_n to_o come_v thither_o in_o short_a the_o pole_n in_o this_o diet_n take_v all_o the_o measure_n and_o care_v imaginable_a to_o secure_v their_o frontier_n maintain_v the_o kingdom_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n to_o settle_v a_o good_a intelligence_n among_o themselves_o and_o last_o to_o prevent_v bribery_n or_o any_o private_a interest_n in_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o may_v tend_v to_o hinder_v a_o free_a and_o unanimous_a election_n receive_v matter_n be_v thus_o dispose_v they_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n examine_v first_o the_o exorbitance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o disorder_n and_o excess_n commit_v during_o the_o last_o reign_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a these_o exorbitance_n be_v not_o examine_v by_o the_o whole_a session_n either_o of_o the_o senator_n or_o deputy_n but_o by_o a_o certain_a number_n assign_v out_o of_o both_o who_o sit_v a-morning_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o warsaw_n then_o the_o diet_n give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n both_o of_o those_o prince_n that_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o those_o that_o recommend_v other_o to_o it_o send_v first_o a_o great_a train_n of_o coach_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o to_o the_o rota_n equestris_n whither_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o on_o this_o occasion_n the_o senate_n go_v when_o these_o ambassador_n be_v thus_o send_v for_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n be_v always_o prefer_v then_o come_v the_o emperor_n ambassador_n next_o the_o french_a and_o after_o these_o the_o spanish_a but_o since_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n convene_v at_o warsaw_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n when_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n demand_v audience_n before_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o notwithstanding_o be_v prefer_v spain_n have_v send_v no_o ambassador_n on_o this_o account_n into_o poland_n for_o as_o for_o don_n pedro_n ronquillos_fw-la who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o he_o dare_v never_o assume_v either_o the_o title_n or_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o fear_v he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n they_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v these_o ambassador_n be_v this_o the_o pope_n legate_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay-senator_n as_o likewise_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o a_o assign_v number_n out_o of_o their_o body_n the_o inter-rex_a arise_v out_o of_o his_o chair_n move_v two_o or_o three_o step_n to_o meet_v he_o and_o place_n he_o on_o his_o right-hand_n the_o secular_a ambassador_n be_v introduce_v by_o some_o of_o the_o lay-senator_n and_o deputy_n only_o the_o emperor_n minister_n be_v place_v by_o they_o between_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n minister_n when_o the_o ambassador_n receive_v audience_n they_o make_v their_o harangue_n in_o latin_a to_o which_o the_o archbishop_n that_o preside_v answer_v for_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o all_o minister_n that_o have_v any_o interest_n of_o their_o master_n to_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o diet_n to_o be_v not_o only_o eloquent_a but_o liberal_a and_o generous_a that_o by_o their_o treat_v feast_n and_o chief_o their_o money_n they_o may_v gain_v or_o purchase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o suffrage_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o essential_o requisite_a for_o ambassador_n to_o make_v a_o great_a figure_n keep_v a_o open_a table_n spend_v a_o vast_a deal_n of_o money_n and_o to_o make_v considerable_a present_n that_o if_o the_o diet_n do_v but_o in_o the_o least_o suspect_v any_o avarice_n or_o niggardliness_n in_o they_o they_o will_v present_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v they_o which_o will_v prove_v no_o small_a obstruction_n either_o to_o his_o election_n or_o interest_n in_o behalf_n of_o any_o body_n else_o ambassador_n must_v likewise_o take_v more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n to_o keep_v in_o with_o
it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o last_o election_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o succinctness_n as_o possible_a and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v swear_v after_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o be_v conduct_v into_o the_o church_n the_o ceremony_n forthwith_o begin_v first_o the_o archbishop_n in_o a_o short_a oration_n exhort_v the_o king_n to_o continue_v steadfast_a in_o the_o roman_a communion_n to_o exercise_v all_o regal_a and_o princely_a virtue_n and_o last_o to_o remunerate_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o just_a and_o inviolable_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o latin_a will_v you_o support_v and_o maintain_v the_o holy_a catholic_n faith_n and_o uphold_v it_o by_o good_a work_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o again_o will_v you_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o their_o minister_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n again_o will_v you_o govern_v and_o rule_v the_o kingdom_n commit_v by_o god_n to_o your_o charge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o king-elect_a kneel_v and_o kiss_v the_o archbishops_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v to_o perform_v all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o observe_v at_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n with_o some_o other_o particular_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o repeat_v the_o form_n which_o run_v thus_o oath_n we_o frederic_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o by_o all_o the_o province_n incorporate_v and_o depend_v thereupon_o do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o maintain_v observe_v keep_v and_o fulfil_v in_o every_o of_o the_o circumstance_n particular_n and_o article_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a except_v such_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o both_o these_o nation_n or_o to_o any_o law_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o establish_v by_o our_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n etc._n etc._n or_o which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o all_o the_o order_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o the_o catholic_n church_n lord_n baron_n gentry_n citizens_z and_o inhabitans_fw-la of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o together_o with_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la agree_v upon_o between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o do_v moreover_o promise_v to_o maintain_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o whatever_o have_v be_v enact_v or_o establish_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o our_o election_n as_o we_o do_v likewise_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o that_o of_o our_o coronation_n also_o that_o we_o will_v restore_v both_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n whatever_o have_v or_o shall_v be_v alien_v and_o dismember_a from_o their_o land_n or_o revenue_n moreover_o we_o promise_v not_o to_o lessen_v the_o bound_n of_o either_o the_o kingdom_n or_o great_a duchy_n but_o rather_o to_o defend_v and_o enlarge_v they_o we_o swear_v likewise_o to_o establish_v court_n of_o justice_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v render_v every_o where_o without_o intermission_n or_o delay_n without_o any_o regard_n to_o or_o favour_n of_o person_n or_o thing_n and_o last_o we_o consent_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a violate_v this_o our_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o our_o dominion_n shall_v be_v total_o discharge_v and_o exempt_a from_o pay_v we_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n book_n this_o form_n or_o oath_n have_v be_v distinct_o repeat_v by_o the_o king_n after_o the_o chancellor_n and_o before_o the_o archbishop_n his_o majesty_n take_v the_o testament_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o kiss_v it_o use_v these_o word_n so_o may_v god_n help_v i_o and_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n inspire_v i_o as_o i_o perform_v inviolable_o this_o sacred_a oath_n ceremony_n after_o the_o king_n have_v be_v thus_o swear_v he_o rise_v and_o hear_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la read_v and_o confirm_v the_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v take_v concern_v they_o then_o he_o kneel_v again_o and_o receive_v the_o benediction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o rise_v and_o have_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o his_o clothes_n take_v off_o when_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_n up_z to_z his_o elbow_z and_o shoulder_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n with_o these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n amen_o and_o then_o he_o have_v his_o clothes_n put_v on_o again_o afterward_o the_o two_o bishop_n lead_v he_o to_o a_o chapel_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o church_n where_o they_o habit_n he_o anew_o somewhat_o like_o a_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o have_v other_o ornament_n put_v on_o by_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o then_o he_o be_v convey_v by_o the_o senator-officer_n the_o standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n walk_v before_o to_o the_o throne_n raise_v for_o he_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n whence_o after_o have_v hear_v mass_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o archbishop_n deliver_v a_o draw_a sword_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n with_o these_o word_n receive_v this_o sword_n and_o cordial_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n then_o the_o king_n deliver_v the_o sword_n to_o the_o great_a swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v put_v it_o up_o in_o its_o scabbard_n return_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o then_o gird_v it_o to_o the_o king_n side_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o rise_v and_o draw_v it_o again_o flourish_v it_o three_o time_n over_o his_o head_n to_o signify_v that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o trinity_n and_o church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n he_o this_o be_v do_v the_o king_n kneel_v again_o and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n after_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n on_o his_o head_n which_o the_o two_o bishop_n bear_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n till_o the_o archbishop_n have_v say_v certain_a prayer_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n into_o his_o left_a when_o the_o king_n rise_v his_o sword_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v before_o he_o enthrone_v after_o this_o his_o majesty_n be_v bring_v back_o between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n to_o the_o throne_n wherein_o he_o be_v forthwith_o place_v by_o the_o archbishop_n with_o these_o word_n sit_v and_o maintain_v the_o place_n give_v you_o by_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n be_v thus_o seat_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n where_o they_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la which_o be_v end_v and_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v down_o by_o the_o altar_n the_o king_n come_v and_o offer_v he_o gold_n kiss_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o benediction_n from_o he_o king_n thus_o the_o ceremony_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o archbishop_n rises_z and_o give_v his_o benediction_n to_o all_o present_a when_o the_o court-marshal_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n cry_v out_o vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o signal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o people_n all_o the_o church_n soon_o ring_v with_o the_o same_o joyful_a note_n after_o which_o the_o great_a treasurer_n scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o coronation-medal_n among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o gun_n begin_v to_o roar_v out_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o what_o have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o king_n forthwith_o return_v to_o his_o court_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n thereupon_o the_o coronation_n be_v thus_o complete_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o various_a kind_n of_o feast_n and_o rejoice_n among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o very_o particular_a in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o they_o roast_v three_o whole_a ox_n stuff_v and_o lard_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_n fatten_v wild_a beast_n when_o they_o also_o give_v a_o great_a many_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n
oblige_v to_o have_v a_o calash_n with_o two_o horse_n wherein_o they_o must_v carry_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o provision_n their_o bed_n quilt_n bolster_n sheet_n and_o the_o like_a be_v general_o put_v into_o a_o large_a serge_n bag_n which_o afterward_o serve_v they_o instead_o of_o a_o seat_n in_o the_o calash_n also_o they_o must_v provide_v a_o case_n for_o bottle_n of_o what_o drink_v they_o please_v and_o a_o basket_n with_o a_o lid_n for_o their_o meat_n bread_n etc._n etc._n they_o must_v moreover_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o every_o individual_a thing_n that_o they_o may_v have_v occasion_n for_o and_o take_v care_n to_o renew_v what_o they_o have_v exhaust_v whenever_o they_o have_v the_o first_o opportunity_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v have_v in_o these_o karczma_n but_o that_o indifferent_a lodging_n i_o mention_v respect_n thus_o your_o lordship_n may_v perceive_v that_o one_o that_o travel_v in_o poland_n must_v as_o it_o be_v carry_v his_o whole_a house_n along_o with_o he_o and_o beside_o undergo_v not_o a_o few_o incommodity_n to_o boot_v however_o when_o a_o man_n be_v thus_o provide_v he_o may_v travel_v at_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a expense_n for_o lodging_n as_o indeed_o it_o ought_v not_o cost_v but_o very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o pay_v for_o any_o thing_n else_o because_o it_o can_v be_v get_v the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v be_v that_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o country_n never_o offer_v to_o pay_v for_o what_o they_o call_v for_o and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o force_v they_o to_o it_o so_o that_o where_o they_o ask_v for_o any_o thing_n the_o gospodar_n always_o put_v they_o off_o with_o a_o nie_n masz_n that_o be_v i_o have_v nothing_o yet_o nevertheless_o when_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o spare_v they_o will_v free_o give_v part_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n though_o general_o there_o be_v but_o few_o traveller_n in_o that_o country_n they_o provide_v only_o for_o their_o own_o family_n when_o foreigner_n happen_v to_o want_v for_o provision_n they_o usual_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o dvour_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o village_n who_o forthwith_o supply_v they_o gratis_o travel_v poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o champagne_n country_n a_o galash_n and_o two_o horse_n will_v rid_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ground_n there_o in_o a_o day_n some_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o provident_a as_o to_o drive_v their_o own_o calash_n themselves_o but_o of_o these_o there_o be_v but_o few_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o inn_n they_o common_o put_v their_o horse_n to_o grass_n because_o the_o gospodarz_n will_v not_o be_v easy_o induce_v to_o trust_v they_o for_o hay_o there_o be_v some_o likewise_o that_o travel_n on_o horseback_n with_o a_o quilt_n for_o their_o bed_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a broad_a lay_v under_o their_o saddle_n they_o common_o employ_v the_o gospodarz_n to_o fetch_v they_o in_o beer_n bread_n and_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o and_o which_o service_n they_o must_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o they_o at_o their_o peril_n travel_v be_v here_o so_o easy_a to_o the_o gentry_n that_o it_o cost_v they_o little_a or_o nothing_o remedy_v a_o traveller_n will_v do_v well_o to_o take_v more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n in_o pass_v over_o bridge_n in_o this_o country_n because_o they_o be_v general_o very_o bad_a and_o seldom_o repair_v in_o winter_n there_o be_v no_o travel_v without_o a_o case_n for_o one_o foot_n the_o air_n be_v excessive_a sharp_a and_o keen_a this_o case_n be_v general_o a_o fur_a sack_n though_o horseman_n content_v themselves_o with_o thick_a boot_n have_v some_o straw_n in_o they_o to_o keep_v their_o foot_n warm_a they_o also_o take_v a_o good_a large_a sip_n of_o strong_a water_n before_o they_o mount_v in_o pass_v over_o the_o ice_n especial_o when_o there_o be_v snow_n upon_o it_o one_o must_v take_v care_n to_o procure_v a_o sledge_n to_o put_v the_o calash_n or_o coach_n in_o which_o be_v always_o draw_v by_o horse_n boor_n in_o winter_n likewise_o one_o shall_v find_v it_o a_o hard_a matter_n to_o rest_v a-nights_o especial_o on_o holiday_n because_o then_o all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n be_v gather_v together_o to_o carouse_n and_o make_v merry_a in_o that_o room_n where_o you_o be_v oblige_v to_o lodge_v for_o want_v of_o a_o fire_n elsewhere_o for_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o sleep_v without_o nay_o as_o i_o say_v before_o scarce_o with_o it_o though_o a_o man_n be_v common_o very_o weary_a when_o he_o come_v off_o a_o journey_n these_o drunkard_n make_v such_o a_o contain_v din_n in_o your_o ear_n with_o their_o excessive_a sing_n and_o dance_v about_o the_o room_n nose_n i_o shall_v have_v observe_v to_o your_o lordship_n that_o sometime_o in_o winter_n traveller_n nose_n be_v freeze_v with_o the_o extreme_a cold_a when_o they_o must_v take_v immediate_a care_n to_o apply_v snow_n to_o they_o for_o shall_v they_o sudden_o enter_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n without_o so_o do_v they_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v endanger_v lose_v they_o country_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o account_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o pole_n i_o may_v reasonable_o inform_v your_o lordship_n of_o the_o manner_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a of_o the_o lithuanian_n samogitian_n prussian_n etc._n etc._n especial_o where_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o poland_n lithuania_n that_o we_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a roman_n say_v michalon_n a_o lithuanian_a author_n be_v past_a doubt_n since_o our_o language_n be_v almost_o half_a latin_a and_o we_o not_o long_o since_o have_v the_o same_o custom_n and_o ceremony_n as_o burn_v the_o dead_a divine_v by_o augur_n and_o such_o like_a superstition_n nay_o which_o we_o still_o retain_v continue_v he_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o by_o worship_v the_o god_n esculapius_n under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o serpent_n this_o author_n reckon_v up_o a_o great_a many_o word_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n at_o present_a in_o lithuania_n as_o they_o have_v former_o in_o rome_n he_o think_v likewise_o the_o roman_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n be_v under_o julius_n caesar_n and_o vouch_v florus_n for_o a_o proof_n he_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o country_n be_v call_v the_o great_a duchy_n proceed_v from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o duke_n inhabit_v therein_o there_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n adjudge_v in_o all_o real_a action_n go_v always_o to_o the_o judge_n box_n thence_o call_v peressud_v a_o close_a chest_n which_o be_v immediate_o to_o be_v pay_v down_o in_o court_n but_o in_o personal_a action_n he_o claim_v half_o the_o damage_n give_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n murder_n etc._n etc._n be_v punish_v by_o mulct_n only_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o poland_n if_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a carcase_n for_o that_o he_o can_v be_v condemn_v till_o he_o have_v be_v show_v the_o body_n of_o the_o person_n he_o have_v slay_v also_o a_o judge_n here_o have_v all_o steal_v good_n wherever_o find_v judge_n these_o judge_n be_v now_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v in_o poland_n though_o there_o be_v former_o but_o two_o in_o all_o lithuania_n both_o palatine_n and_o who_o have_v no_o peculiar_a place_n of_o residence_n assign_v so_o that_o all_o that_o have_v business_n with_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v they_o though_o never_o so_o far_o distant_a but_o these_o palatine_n have_v their_o deputy_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o sit_v and_o adjudge_v difference_n at_o public_a fea_z 〈…〉_z but_o who_o nevertheless_o have_v always_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o fill_n of_o their_o peressud_v than_o either_o to_o the_o justice_n or_o innocence_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v or_o offend_a other_o particular_n relate_v to_o these_o matter_n i_o have_v omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o other_o country_n presume_v they_o may_v not_o probable_o be_v acceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n and_o the_o public_a but_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n of_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rustic_n citizen_n first_o than_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n be_v chief_o owe_v for_o their_o privilege_n to_o jagello_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o alexander_n his_o successor_n in_o lithuania_n both_o which_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o bring_v the_o native_n to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n bestow_v on_o their_o nobility_n the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o