reformation_n then_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o terrify_a rak_n of_o the_o spanish_a inquisition_n and_o doubtless_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o land_n be_v high_o oblige_v in_o honour_n and_o conscience_n in_o discharge_n of_o their_o trust_n to_o god_n and_o the_o people_n to_o take_v these_o thing_n into_o their_o serious_a consideration_n as_o what_o be_v expect_v from_o they_o by_o those_o who_o earnest_o wish_v they_o and_o the_o kingdom_n safety_n and_o prosperity_n a_o postscript_n the_o copy_n of_o judge_n keeling_n case_n take_v out_o of_o the_o parliament_n journal_n die_fw-la mercurij_fw-la 11_o decembris_fw-la 1667._o the_o house_n resume_v the_o hear_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o report_n touch_v the_o matter_n of_o restraint_n upon_o jury_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o divers_a witness_n in_o several_a clause_n of_o restraint_n put_v upon_o juries_n by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n keeling_n whereupon_o the_o committee_n make_v their_o resolution_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o case_n now_o report_v be_v innovation_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o man_n for_o their_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o that_o he_o have_v use_v a_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a power_n which_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o introduce_v of_o a_o arbitrary_a government_n second_o that_o in_o the_o place_n of_o judicature_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n have_v undervalved_n vilify_v and_o contemn_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o great_a preserver_n of_o our_o life_n freedom_n and_o propertie_n three_o that_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o trial_n in_o order_n to_o condign_a punishment_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o house_n shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a and_o requisite_a die_v veneris_n 13_o decembris_fw-la 1667._o resolve_v etc._n etc._n that_o the_o precedent_n and_o practice_n of_o fine_v or_o imprison_v juror_n for_o verdict_n be_v illegal_a now_o whether_o the_o justice_n of_o this_o court_n in_o their_o proceed_n both_o towards_o the_o prisoner_n and_o jury_n have_v act_v according_a to_o law_n to_o their_o oath_n and_o duty_n and_o to_o do_v justice_n without_o partiality_n whereby_o right_o may_v be_v preserve_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n secure_v and_o our_o ancient_a law_n establish_v or_o whether_o such_o action_n tend_v not_o to_o deprive_v we_o of_o our_o life_n and_o liberty_n to_o rob_v we_o of_o our_o birthright_n the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n and_o final_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a power_n to_o usurp_v the_o bench_n of_o all_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n we_o leave_v the_o english_a reader_n to_o judge_v certain_o there_o can_v be_v no_o high_o affront_v offer_v to_o king_n and_o parliament_n than_o the_o bring_v their_o reputation_n into_o suspicion_n with_o their_o people_n by_o the_o irregular_a action_n of_o subordinate_a judge_n and_o no_o age_n can_v parallel_v the_o carriage_n of_o this_o recorder_n mayor_n etc._n etc._n nor_o can_v we_o think_v so_o ignoble_o of_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v do_v less_o than_o call_v these_o person_n to_o account_n who_o fail_v not_o to_o do_v it_o to_o one_o less_o guilty_a and_o of_o more_o repute_n to_o wit_n judge_n keeling_n for_o if_o his_o behaviour_n give_v just_a ground_n of_o jealousy_n that_o he_o intend_v a_o innovation_n and_o the_o introduce_v a_o arbitrary_a government_n this_o recorder_n much_o more_o do_v chief_a justice_n keeling_n say_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v magna_fw-la farta_fw-la so_o do_v this_o recorder_n too_o and_o do_v justice_n keeling_n fine_a and_o imprison_v jury_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n so_o do_v this_o recorder_n also_o in_o short_a there_o be_v no_o difference_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o the_o one_o be_v question_v and_o the_o other_o deserve_v it_o but_o we_o desire_v in_o this_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o differ_v that_o though_o the_o former_a escape_v punishment_n the_o latter_a may_v not_o who_o have_v a_o president_n before_o do_v notwithstanding_o notorious_o transgress_v to_o conclude_v the_o law_n suppose_v the_o king_n can_v err_v because_o it_o be_v willing_a to_o suppose_v he_o always_o act_n by_o law_n and_o volunt_fw-la as_o legis_fw-la est_fw-la voluntas_fw-la regis_fw-la or_o the_o king_n will_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n but_o it_o say_v no_o such_o thing_n of_o his_o judge_n and_o since_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o disregard_n the_o king_n letter_n though_o under_o the_o broad_a and_o privy-seal_n if_o they_o any_o wise_a oppugn_v or_o contradict_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o consider_v that_o every_o singular_a action_n of_o a_o inferior_a minister_n have_v a_o ugly_a reference_n to_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n where_o not_o rebuke_v we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o both_o judge_n be_v answerable_a for_o their_o irregularity_n especial_o where_o they_o have_v not_o a_o limitation_n of_o a_o king_n letter_n or_o command_v and_o that_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v as_o in_o honour_n and_o safety_n to_o himself_o alfred-like_a to_o bring_v such_o to_o condign_a punishment_n lest_o every_o session_n produce_v the_o like_a tragical_a scene_n of_o usurpation_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o juty_n to_o the_o villify_n and_o contemn_v of_o justice_n and_o great_a detriment_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o this_o famous_a and_o free_a city_n fiat_n justicia_fw-la finis_fw-la errata_fw-la page_n 5._o after_o line_n 20._o read_v john_n robinson_n alderman_n and_o richard_n brown_n the_o line_n follow_v r._n call_v over_o the_o jury_n p._n 6._o before_o the_o first_o l._n r._n the_o indictment_n p._n 7._o l._n 25._o for_o before_o r._n to_o p._n 10._o l._n 26._o blot_n out_o to_z p._n 17._o l._n 4._o r._n be_v not_o p._n 19_o l._n 7._o instead_o of_o be_v he_o guilty_a r._n be_v w._n p._n guilty_a p._n 26._o l._n 11._o r._n to_o the_o terror_n p._n 27._o l._n 6._o for_o as_o r._n and_o p._n 32._o l._n 13._o for_o nern_n r._n horn_n p._n 44._o l._n 11._o for_o for_o ver_fw-la dictis_fw-la from_fw-la r._n for_o verdict_n from_o p._n 47._o l._n 31._o for_o palaris_fw-la r._n phalaris_n obser_n at_o this_o time_n several_a upon_o the_o bench_n urge_v hard_o upon_o the_o prisoner_n to_o bear_v he_o down_o 9_o h._n 3._o confirm_v 28_o ed._n 3._o chap._n 1._o the_o form_n of_o ancient_a act_n etc._n etc._n co._n 2._o inst_n fol._n 2._o chap._n 14_o cha._n 29._o ☜_o ☞_o
i_o with_o such_o a_o question_n do_v not_o this_o show_v thy_o malice_n be_v this_o like_a unto_o a_o judge_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v counsel_n for_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n record_n sir_n hold_v your_o tongue_n i_o do_v not_o go_v about_o to_o ensnare_v you_o pen._n i_o desire_v we_o may_v come_v more_o close_o to_o the_o point_n and_o that_o silence_n be_v command_v in_o the_o court._n cry_n o_o yes_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n keep_v silence_n upon_o pain_n of_o imprisonment_n silence_n in_o the_o court._n pen._n we_o confess_v ourselves_o to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o recant_v or_o decline_v to_o vindicate_v the_o assemble_v of_o ourselves_o to_o preach_v pray_o or_o worship_n the_o eternal_a holy_a just_a god_n that_o we_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o we_o do_v believe_v it_o to_o be_v our_o indispensable_a duty_n to_o meet_v incessant_o upon_o so_o good_a a_o account_n nor_o shall_v all_o the_o power_n upon_o earth_n be_v able_a to_o divert_v we_o from_o reverence_v and_o adore_v our_o god_n who_o make_v we_o brown_n you_o be_v not_o here_o for_o worship_v god_n but_o for_o break_v the_o law_n you_o do_v yourselves_o agreat_a deal_n of_o wrong_n in_o go_v on_o in_o that_o discourse_n pen._n i_o affirm_v i_o have_v break_v no_o law_n nor_o be_o i_o guilty_a of_o the_o indictment_n that_o be_v lay_v to_o my_o charge_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o bench_n the_o jury_n and_o myself_o with_o these_o that_o hear_v we_o may_v have_v a_o more_o direct_a understanding_n of_o this_o procedure_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v let_v i_o to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n it_o be_v you_o prosecute_v i_o and_o upon_o what_o law_n you_o ground_n my_o indictment_n rec._n upon_o the_o common_a law_n pen._n where_o be_v that_o common_a law_n rec._n you_o must_v not_o think_v that_o i_o be_o able_a to_o run_v up_o so_o many_o year_n and_o over_o so_o many_o adjudge_v case_n which_o we_o call_v common_a law_n to_o answer_v your_o curiosity_n pen._n this_o answer_n i_o be_o sure_a be_v very_o short_a of_o my_o question_n for_o if_o it_o be_v common_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o produce_v rec._n sir_n will_v you_o plead_v to_o your_o indictment_n pen._n shall_v i_o plead_v to_o a_o indictment_n that_o have_v no_o foundation_n in_o law_n if_o it_o contain_v that_o law_n you_o say_v i_o have_v break_v why_o shall_v you_o decline_v to_o produce_v that_o law_n since_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o the_o jury_n to_o determine_v or_o agree_v to_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n produce_v by_o which_o they_o shall_v measure_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o indictment_n and_o the_o guilt_n or_o contrary_n of_o my_o fact_n rec._n you_o be_v a_o saucy_a fellow_n speak_v to_o the_o indictment_n pen._n i_o say_v it_o be_v my_o place_n to_o speak_v to_o matter_n of_o law_n i_o be_o arraign_v a_o prisoner_n my_o liberty_n which_o be_v next_o to_o life_n itself_o be_v now_o concern_v down_o you_o be_v many_o mouth_n and_o ear_n against_o i_o and_o if_o i_o must_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o my_o case_n it_o be_v hard_o i_o say_v again_o unless_o you_o show_v i_o and_o the_o people_n the_o law_n you_o ground_n your_o indictment_n upon_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v your_o proceed_n be_v mere_o arbitrary_a rec._n the_o question_n be_v whether_o you_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o indictment_n pen._n the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o i_o be_o guilty_a of_o this_o indictment_n but_o whether_o this_o indictment_n be_v legal_a it_o be_v too_o general_a and_o imperfect_a a_o answer_n to_o say_v it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n unless_o we_o know_v both_o where_o and_o what_o it_o be_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o transgression_n and_o that_o law_n which_o be_v not_o in_o be_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v common_a that_o it_o be_v no_o law_n at_o all_o rec._n you_o be_v a_o impertinent_a fellow_n will_v your_o teach_v the_o court_n what_o law_n be_v it_o be_v lex_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la that_o which_o many_o have_v study_v thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n to_o know_v and_o will_v you_o have_v i_o to_o tell_v you_o in_o a_o moment_n pen._n certain_o if_o the_o common_a law_n be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v understand_v it_o be_v far_o from_o be_v very_o common_a but_o if_o the_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o institutes_n be_v of_o any_o consideration_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o common_a law_n be_v common_a right_n and_o that_o common_a right_n be_v the_o great_a charter-priviledge_n confirm_a 9_o hen._n 3._o 29._o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1._o 2_o edw._n 3._o 8._o cook_n instit_n 2._o p._n 56._o rec._n sir_n you_o be_v a_o troublesome_a fellow_n and_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o court_n to_o suffer_v you_o to_o go_v on_o pen._n i_o have_v ask_v but_o one_o question_n and_o you_o have_v not_o answer_v i_o though_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o every_o english_a man_n be_v concern_v in_o it_o rec._n if_o i_o shall_v suffer_v you_o to_o ask_v question_n till_o to_o morrow_n morning_n you_o will_v be_v never_o the_o wise_a pen._n that_o be_v according_a as_o the_o answer_n be_v rec._n sir_n we_o must_v not_o stand_v to_o hear_v you_o talk_v all_o night_n pen._n i_o design_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o court_n but_o to_o be_v hear_v in_o my_o just_a plea_n and_o i_o must_v plain_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o will_v deny_v i_o oyer_n of_o that_o law_n which_o you_o suggest_v i_o have_v break_v you_o do_v at_o once_o deny_v i_o a_o acknowledge_v right_o and_o evidence_n to_o the_o whole_a world_n your_o resolution_n to_o sacrifice_v the_o privilege_n of_o english_a man_n to_o your_o sinister_a and_o arbitrary_a design_n rec._n take_v he_o away_o my_o lord_n if_o you_o take_v not_o some_o course_n with_o this_o pestilent_a fellow_n to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n to_o night_n may._n take_v he_o away_o take_v he_o away_o turn_v he_o into_o the_o baledock_n pen._n these_o be_v but_o so_o many_o vain_a exclamation_n be_v this_o justice_n or_o true_a judgement_n must_v i_o therefore_o be_v take_v away_o because_o i_o plead_v for_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n however_o this_o i_o leave_v upon_o your_o conscience_n who_o be_v of_o the_o jury_n and_o my_o sole_a judge_n that_o if_o these_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n which_o relate_v to_o liberty_n and_o property_n and_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o particular_a persuasion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n must_v not_o be_v indispensible_o maintain_v and_o observe_v who_o can_v say_v he_o have_v right_a to_o the_o coat_n upon_o his_o back_n certain_o our_o liberty_n be_v open_o to_o be_v invade_v our_o wife_n to_o be_v ravish_v our_o child_n slave_v our_o family_n ruin_v and_o our_o estate_n lead_v away_o in_o triumph_n by_o every_o sturdy_a beggar_n and_o malicious_a informer_n as_o their_o trophy_n but_o our_o pretend_v forfeit_v for_o conscience_n sake_n the_o lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v judge_n between_o we_o in_o this_o matter_n rec._n be_v silent_a there_o pen._n i_o be_o not_o to_o be_v silent_a in_o a_o case_n wherein_o i_o be_o so_o much_o concern_v and_o not_o only_a myself_o but_o many_o ten_o thousand_o family_n beside_o obser_n they_o have_v rude_o hale_v he_o into_o the_o baledock_n william_n mead_n they_o leave_v in_o court_n who_o speak_v as_o follow_v mead._n you_o man_n of_o the_o jury_n here_o i_o do_v now_o stand_v to_o answer_v to_o a_o indictment_n against_o i_o which_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o stuff_n full_a of_o lie_n and_o falsehood_n for_o therein_o i_o be_o accuse_v that_o i_o meet_v vi_fw-la et_fw-la armis_fw-la illicite_fw-la et_fw-la tumultuous_fw-la time_o be_v when_o i_o have_v freedom_n to_o use_v a_o carnal_a weapon_n and_o then_o i_o think_v i_o fear_v no_o man_n but_o now_o i_o fear_v the_o live_a god_n and_o dare_v not_o make_v use_n thereof_o nor_o hurt_v any_o man_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v i_o demean_v myself_o as_o a_o tumultuous_a person_n i_o say_v i_o be_o a_o peaceable_a man_n therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a proper_a question_n what_o william_n penn_n demand_v in_o this_o case_n a_o oyer_n of_o the_o law_n on_o which_o our_o indictment_n be_v ground_v recor._n i_o have_v make_v answer_n to_o that_o already_o mead._n turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o jury_n say_v you_o man_n of_o the_o jury_n who_o be_v my_o judge_n if_o the_o recorder_n will_v not_o tell_v you_o what_o make_v a_o riot_n a_o rout_n or_o a_o unlawful_a assembly_n cook_n he_o that_o once_o they_o call_v the_o lord_n cook_n tell_v we_o what_o make_v a_o riot_n a_o rout_n and_o a_o unlawful_a assembly_n a_o
meet_v together_o in_o gratious-street_n the_o 14_o of_o august_n last_v 1670._o and_o that_o william_n mead_n not_o guilty_a of_o the_o say_a indictment_n fore-m._a thomas_n veer_v edward_n bushel_n john_n hammond_n henry_n henly_n henry_n michael_n john_n brightman_n charles_n milson_n gregory_n walklet_n john_n baily_n william_n lever_n james_n damask_n wil._n plumsted_n obser_n this_o both_o mayor_n and_o recorder_n resent_v at_o so_o high_a a_o rate_n that_o they_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o all_o reason_n and_o civility_n may._n what_o will_v you_o be_v lead_v by_o such_o a_o silly_a fellow_n as_o bushel_n a_o impudent_a cant_a fellow_n i_o warrant_v you_o you_o shall_v come_v no_o more_o upon_o jury_n in_o haste_n you_o be_v a_o foreman_n indeed_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o foreman_n i_o think_v you_o have_v understand_v your_o place_n better_o rec._n gentleman_n you_o shall_v not_o be_v dismiss_v till_o we_o have_v a_o verdict_n that_o the_o court_n will_v accept_v and_o you_o shall_v be_v lock_v up_o without_o meat_n drink_v fire_n and_o tobacco_n you_o shall_v not_o think_v thus_o to_o abuse_v the_o court_n we_o will_v have_v a_o verdict_n by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n or_o you_o shall_v starve_v for_o it_o pen._n my_o jury_n who_o be_v my_o judge_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v thus_o menace_v their_o verdict_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o not_o compel_v the_o bench_n ought_v to_o wait_v upon_o they_o but_o not_o forestaul_v they_o i_o do_v desire_v that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v i_o and_o that_o the_o arbitrary_a resolve_n of_o the_o bench_n may_v not_o be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o my_o juries_n verdict_n rec._n stop_v that_o prate_v fellow_n mouth_n or_o put_v he_o out_o of_o the_o court._n may._n you_o have_v hear_v that_o he_o preach_v that_o he_o gather_v a_o company_n of_o tumultuous_a people_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o disobey_v the_o martial_a power_n but_o civil_a also_o pen._n it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n we_o do_v not_o make_v 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act_v in_o contempt_n of_o his_o law_n as_o only_o meet_v to_o honour_n god_n and_o his_o law_n §_o 2._o and_n to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n it_o be_v far_o from_o disturb_v and_o break_v the_o king_n peace_n for_o man_n peaceable_o to_o meet_v to_o worship_n god_n for_o it_o be_v then_o proper_o break_v and_o invade_v when_o force_n and_o violence_n be_v use_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o prejudice_n of_o person_n and_o estate_n or_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v that_o tend_v to_o the_o stir_v up_o of_o sedition_n and_o beget_v in_o people_n a_o dislike_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n but_o that_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o practise_v by_o we_o in_o our_o assembly_n either_o to_o offer_v violence_n to_o man_n person_n and_o estate_n or_o to_o stir_v up_o people_n to_o sedition_n or_o dislike_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n be_v obvious_a to_o all_o that_o visit_v our_o assembly_n §_o 3._o to_o the_o great_a terror_n and_o disturbance_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n and_o subject_n and_o to_o the_o evil_a example_n of_o all_o other_o in_o the_o like_a case_n offend_v against_o the_o king_n peace_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n be_v these_o black_a crimination_n as_o true_a as_o they_o be_v wretched_o false_a we_o shall_v give_v as_o just_a a_o occasion_n to_o loose_v our_o liberty_n as_o our_o cruel_a adversary_n be_v ready_a to_o take_v any_o to_o deprive_v we_o unjust_o of_o they_o o_o how_o notorious_a be_v it_o to_o all_o sober_a people_n that_o our_o manner_n of_o life_n be_v far_o from_o terrify_v any_o and_o how_o absurd_a to_o think_v that_o naked_a man_n in_o the_o generality_n of_o their_o conversation_n know_v to_o be_v harmless_a and_o quiet_a shall_v prove_v a_o terror_n or_o disturbance_n to_o the_o people_n certain_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o meeting_n it_o be_v bring_v with_o the_o cruelty_n and_o barbarous_a action_n of_o your_o own_o soldier_n they_o never_o learn_v by_o 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to_o save_v they_o nolens_fw-la volens_fw-la §_o 5._o have_v their_o cruelty_n and_o juggle_v end_v here_o itself_o they_o will_v have_v spare_v we_o the_o pain_n of_o any_o further_a observation_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v to_o add_v on_o the_o prisoner_n behalf_n render_v their_o action_n so_o abominable_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o justice_n that_o all_o honest_a and_o ingenious_a heart_n must_v needs_o abhor_v their_o base_a snare_n they_o tell_v the_o jury_n that_o be_v but_o judge_n of_o fact_n only_o they_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o prisoner_n in_o guilty_a that_o be_v of_o the_o fact_n at_o their_o peril_n and_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o bench_n to_o judge_v what_o be_v law_n so_o that_o if_o the_o jury_n have_v bring_v they_o in_o guilty_a without_o any_o further_a additional_a explanation_n though_o intentional_o they_o mean_v only_o of_o the_o fact_n prove_v by_o evidence_n yet_o the_o bench_n will_v have_v extend_v it_o to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o indictment_n 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excellent_a fundamental_o which_o we_o have_v before_o define_v and_o defend_v from_o any_o just_a reason_n of_o revolution_n yet_o god_n almighty_a who_o be_v always_o concern_v to_o avenge_v the_o cause_n of_o justice_n and_o those_o excellent_a good_a law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v uphold_v have_v by_o his_o providence_n befool_v their_o contrivance_n &_o basfle_v their_o attempt_n by_o bring_v their_o design_n to_o naught_o and_o their_o person_n frequent_o to_o condign_a punishment_n and_o disgrace_n their_o age_n no_o antiquary_n live_a can_v assure_v we_o unless_o they_o say_v as_o old_a as_o reason_n itself_o but_o our_o own_o author_n be_v not_o lack_v to_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o liberty_n property_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n be_v very_o ancient_a §_o 10._o for_o hern_n in_o his_o mirror_n of_o justice_n write_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n fol._n 1._o tell_v we_o that_o after_o god_n have_v abate_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o britan_n he_o 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be_v turn_v into_o a_o heritage_n king_n alfred_n that_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n about_o a_o hundred_o seventy_o one_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n do_v cause_v the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o assemble_v at_o london_n and_o there_o do_v ordain_v for_o a_o perpetual_a usage_n that_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n or_o often_o if_o need_n shall_v be_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o shall_v assemble_v at_o london_n in_o parliament_n for_o the_o government_n of_o god_n people_n that_o man_n may_v live_v in_o quiet_a and_o receive_v right_a by_o certain_a usage_n and_o holy_a judgement_n in_o which_o parliament_n say_v our_o author_n the_o right_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o the_o subject_n be_v distinguish_v and_o set_v apart_o and_o particular_o by_o he_o express_v too_o tedious_a here_o to_o insert_v among_o which_o ordiance_n we_o find_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v imprison_v but_o for_o a_o capital_a offence_n and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v detain_v another_o in_o prison_n by_o colour_n of_o right_n where_o there_o be_v none_o till_o the_o party_n imprison_v die_v he_o that_o keep_v he_o in_o prison_n shall_v be_v hold_v guilty_a of_o murder_n as_o you_o may_v read_v pag._n 33._o and_o pag._n 36._o he_o be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o homicide_n by_o who_o a_o man_n shall_v die_v in_o prison_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o judge_n that_o shall_v too_o long_a delay_n to_o do_v a_o man_n right_a or_o by_o cruelty_n of_o gaoler_n or_o suffer_v he_o to_o die_v of_o famine_n or_o when_o a_o man_n be_v adjudge_v to_o do_v penance_n and_o shall_v be_v surcharge_v by_o his_o gaoler_n with_o iron_n or_o other_o pain_n whereof_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o life_n and_o p._n 149._o that_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v felony_n to_o detain_v a_o man_n in_o prison_n after_o sufficient_a bale_n offer_v where_o the_o party_n be_v plevisable_v every_o person_n be_v plevisable_v but_o he_o that_o be_v appeal_v of_o treason_n murder_n robbery_n or_o burglary_n pag._n 35._o none_o ought_v to_o be_v put_v in_o common_a prison_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v attaint_v or_o principal_o appeal_v or_o indict_v of_o some_o capital_a offence_n or_o attaint_v of_o false_a or_o wrongful_a imprisonment_n so_o tender_v have_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o subject_n person_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v imprison_v but_o for_o a_o capital_a offence_n as_o treason_n murder_n robbery_n or_o burglary_n §_o 11._o nor_o be_v lambard_n short_a in_o his_o excellent_a translation_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n from_o king_n ina_n time_n 712._o to_o hen._n 3._o 1100._o in_o describe_v to_o we_o the_o great_a obligation_n and_o strong_a condition_n the_o people_n be_v wont_a to_o put_v upon_o their_o king_n to_o observe_v the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o this_o land_n which_o be_v hand_v down_o from_o one_o age_n to_o another_o and_o in_o the_o 17_o chap._n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n the_o mention_n there_o make_v of_o a_o king_n duty_n be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o if_o he_o break_v his_o oath_n or_o perform_v not_o his_o obligation_n nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la constabit_fw-la the_o same_o lambard_n further_a tell_v we_o that_o however_o any_o may_v affirm_v william_n of_o normandy_n to_o be_v a_o conqueror_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o people_n as_o edward_n successor_n and_o by_o solemn_a oath_n take_v to_o maintain_v unto_o they_o the_o same_o law_n that_o his_o kinsman_n edward_n the_o confessor_n do_v this_o doctrine_n remain_v in_o the_o general_n unquestioned_a to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n who_o imperious_o think_v that_o voluntas_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o not_o salvus_fw-la populi_n be_v suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la or_o the_o king_n will_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n and_o not_o the_o people_n preservation_n till_o the_o incense_a baron_n of_o that_o time_n betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o learn_v he_o to_o keep_v those_o law_n by_o a_o due_a restraint_n and_o timely_a compulsion_n which_o his_o former_a invasion_n of_o they_o evidence_v to_o the_o world_n he_o will_v never_o have_v do_v willing_o §_o 12._o the_o proposal_n and_o article_n of_o agreement_n with_o the_o pledge_n give_v to_o the_o baron_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o people_n by_o the_o king_n be_v confirm_v in_o hen._n the_o 3d_n time_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n when_o the_o abuse_a slight_v and_o disregard_v law_n by_o his_o father_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o record_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v not_o forever_o after_o be_v to_o seek_v for_o a_o write_v record_v law_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o security_n for_o miserable_fw-la servitus_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la vagum_fw-la aut_fw-la incognitum_fw-la and_o so_o we_o enter_v upon_o that_o 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have_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o all_o arch-bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o all_o freeman_n of_o this_o our_o realm_n these_o liberty_n under-written_a to_o be_v hold_v and_o keep_v in_o this_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o evermore_o 14_o we_o have_v grant_v and_o give_v to_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o realm_n for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o evermore_o these_o liberty_n under-written_a to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o heir_n of_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n forenamed_a a_o freeman_n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v for_o a_o small_a fault_n but_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o for_o a_o great_a fault_n after_o the_o manner_n thereof_o save_v to_o he_o his_o contenement_n or_o freehold_n and_o a_o merchant_n likewise_o shall_v be_v amerce_v save_v to_o he_o his_o merchandise_n and_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amercement_n shall_v be_v
assess_v but_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o the_o vicinage_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v nor_o be_v disseize_v 29._o of_o his_o freehold_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o be_v outlawed_n or_o exile_v or_o any_o other_o way_n destroy_v nor_o we_o shall_v not_o pass_v upon_o he_o nor_o condemn_v he_o but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o shall_v sell_v to_o no_o man_n we_o shall_v deny_v nor_o defer_v to_o no_o man_n either_o justice_n or_o right_n and_o to_o all_o these_o custom_n liberty_n aforesaid_a which_o we_o have_v grant_v to_o be_v hold_v within_o this_o our_o realm_n as_o much_o as_o appertain_v to_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n we_o shall_v observe_v and_o all_o man_n of_o this_o our_o realm_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o be_v shall_v observe_v the_o same_o against_o all_o person_n in_o likewise_o and_o for_o this_o our_o gift_n and_o grant_v of_o these_o liberty_n and_o for_o other_o contain_v in_o our_o charter_n of_o liberty_n of_o our_o forest_n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abotâ—_z prior_n earl_n baron_n knight_n freeholders_n and_o other_o our_o subject_n have_v give_v unto_o we_o the_o fifteen_o pars_fw-la of_o all_o their_o moveable_n and_o we_o have_v grant_v unto_o they_o on_o the_o other_o part_n that_o neither_o we_o nor_o our_o heir_n shall_v procure_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o liberty_n in_o this_o charter_n contain_v shall_v be_v infringe_v or_o break_v and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v procure_v by_o any_o person_n contrary_a to_o the_o premise_n shall_v be_v have_v of_o no_o force_n nor_o effect_n these_o be_v witness_n boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n we_o ratify_v and_o approve_v those_o gift_n and_o grant_n aforesaid_a confirm_v and_o make_v strong_a all_o the_o same_o for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n perpetual_o and_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o these_o present_n do_v renew_v the_o same_o willing_o and_o grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o this_o charter_n in_o all_o and_o singular_a his_o article_n for_o evermore_o shall_v be_v steadfast_o firm_o and_o inviolable_o observe_v and_o if_o any_o article_n in_o the_o same_o charter_n contain_v yet_o hither_o to_o peradventure_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v nor_o keep_v we_o will_v and_o by_o our_o authority-royal_a command_n from_o henceforth_o firm_o they_o be_v observe_v witness_v etc._n etc._n the_o sentence_n of_o curse_n give_v by_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1253._o the_o three_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o great_a hall_n of_o the_o king_n at_o westminster_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o lord_n richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_z his_o brother_n roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_z marshal_n of_o england_n humphrâ—_n earl_n of_o hereford_z henry_n earl_n of_o oxford_z john_n earl_n warren_n and_o other_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n we_o boniface_n by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n archbishop_n of_o centerbury_n primate_n of_o england_n f._n of_o london_n h._n of_o ely_n s._n of_o worcester_n e._n of_o lincoln_n w._n of_o norwich_n p._n of_o hereford_n w._n of_o salesbury_n w._n of_o durham_n r._n of_o excester_n m._n of_o carlisle_n w._n of_o bath_n e._n of_o rochester_n t._n of_o st_n david_n bishop_n apparel_v in_o pontifical_n with_o taper_n burn_v against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o church_n liberty_n and_o of_o the_o liberty_n and_o other_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o namely_o these_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n have_v denounce_v sentence_n of_o excommunication_n in_o this_o form_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o almighty_n god_n the_o father_n the_o son_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o blessed_a apostle_n peter_n and_o paul_n and_o of_o all_o apostle_n and_o of_o all_o martyr_n of_o blessed_a edw._n king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o saint_n of_o heaven_n we_o excommunicate_v and_o accurse_v and_o from_o the_o benefit_n of_o our_o holy_a mother_n the_o church_n we_o sequester_v all_o those_o that_o hereafter_o willing_o and_o malicious_o deprive_v or_o spoil_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o by_o any_o craft_n or_o willingness_n do_v violate_v break_v diminish_v or_o change_v the_o church_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n contain_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n and_o of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o likewise_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o other_o freeholders_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o all_o that_o secret_o and_o open_o by_o deed_n word_n or_o counsel_n do_v make_v statute_n or_o observe_v they_o be_v make_v and_o that_o bring_v in_o custom_n to_o keep_v they_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o the_o say_a liberty_n or_o any_o of_o they_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v presume_v to_o judge_v against_o they_o and_o all_o and_o every_o such_o person_n before_o mention_v that_o pine_o shall_v commit_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o premise_n let_v they_o well_o know_v that_o they_o incur_v the_o aforesaid_a sentence_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o forest_n make_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o edward_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n lord_n of_o ireland_n duke_n of_o guyan_n to_o all_o those_o that_o these_o present_a letter_n shall_v hear_v or_o see_v greeting_n know_v you_o that_o we_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o our_o realm_n have_v grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o forrest_n which_o be_v make_v by_o common_a assent_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n our_o father_n shall_v be_v keep_v in_o every_o point_n without_o breach_n and_o we_o will_v that_o the_o same_o charter_n shall_v be_v send_v under_o our_o seal_n as_o well_o to_o our_o justice_n of_o the_o forest_n as_o to_o other_o and_o to_o all_o sheriff_n of_o shire_n and_o to_o all_o our_o other_o officer_n and_o to_o all_o our_o city_n throughout_o the_o realm_n together_o with_o our_o writ_n in_o the_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v contain_v that_o they_o cause_v the_o aforesaid_a charter_n to_o be_v publish_v and_o to_o declare_v to_o the_o people_n that_o we_o have_v confirm_v they_o in_o all_o point_n and_o that_o our_o justice_n sheriff_n mayor_n and_o other_o ☜_o minister_n which_o under_o we_o have_v the_o law_n of_o our_o land_n to_o guide_v shall_v 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deed_n or_o counsel_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o foresay_a charter_n or_o that_o in_o any_o point_n do_v break_v or_o undo_v they_o and_o that_o the_o say_v curse_n be_v twice_o a_o year_n denounce_v and_o publish_v by_o the_o prelate_n aforesaid_a and_o if_o the_o same_o prelate_n or_o any_o of_o they_o be_v remiss_a in_o the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v compel_v and_o distrain_v they_o to_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o duty_n in_o form_n aforesaid_a the_o sentence_n of_o the_o clergy_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o article_n abovementioned_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n the_o son_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n amen_n whereas_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o of_o holy_a church_n
and_o for_o the_o common_a profit_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o these_o article_n above_o write_v robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n admonish_v all_o his_o province_n once_o twice_o and_o thrice_o because_o that_o shortness_n will_v not_o suffer_v so_o much_o delay_n as_o to_o give_v knowledge_n to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n of_o these_o present_n in_o writing_n we_o therefore_o enjoin_v all_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n soever_o they_o be_v that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o be_v shall_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v these_o article_n grant_v by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n in_o all_o point_n and_o all_o those_o that_o in_o any_o point_n do_v resist_v or_o break_v or_o in_o any_o manner_n hereafter_o procure_v counsel_n or_o in_o any_o wise_a assent_n to_o testify_v or_o break_v those_o ordinance_n or_o go_v about_o it_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n open_o or_o privy_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o pretence_n or_o colour_n we_o the_o aforesaid_a arch_a bishop_n by_o our_o authority_n in_o this_o write_n express_v do_v excommunicate_a and_o accurse_v and_o from_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o from_o all_o the_o company_n of_o heaven_n and_o from_o all_o the_o sacrament_n of_o holy_a church_n do_v sequester_v and_o exclude_v we_o may_v here_o see_v that_o in_o the_o obscure_a time_n of_o sottish_a popery_n they_o be_v not_o leave_v without_o a_o sense_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n to_o be_v inviolable_o enjoy_v which_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o one_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o famous_a charter_n be_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o encroachment_n that_o be_v make_v by_o several_a minister_n of_o precedent_a king_n that_o almost_o become_v customary_a and_o which_o have_v near_o extinguish_v the_o free_a custom_n due_a to_o englishman_n how_o great_a care_n it_o cost_v our_o ancestor_n it_o unbecome_v we_o to_o ignore_v or_o by_o our_o silence_n to_o neglect_v it_o be_v that_o yoke_n and_o muzzle_n which_o fail_v not_o to_o dis-able_a many_o rage_a bear_n from_o enter_v the_o pleasant_a vineyard_n of_o english-freedom_n that_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v leave_v a_o fruitful_a vine_n in_o be_v anon_o we_o may_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o some_o with_o their_o wage_n as_o well_o as_o work_n 2d_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v its_o own_o it_o be_v the_o very_a image_n and_o expression_n of_o justice_n liberty_n and_o property_n point_n of_o such_o eminent_a importance_n as_o without_o which_o no_o government_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v reasonable_a but_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a it_o allow_v every_o man_n that_o liberty_n god_n and_o nature_n have_v give_v he_o and_o the_o secure_a possession_n of_o his_o property_n from_o the_o inroad_n or_o invasion_n of_o his_o neighbour_n or_o any_o else_o of_o that_o constitution_n it_o justify_v no_o man_n in_o a_o fault_n only_o it_o provide_v equal_a and_o just_a way_n to_o have_v the_o offender_n try_v consider_v the_o malice_n of_o many_o prosecutor_n and_o the_o great_a value_n of_o liberty_n and_o life_n 3d_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o any_o earthly_a projection_n to_o wit_n the_o refix_v of_o those_o shake_a law_n hold_v for_o many_o hundred_o year_n by_o constant_a claim_n that_o they_o live_v may_v be_v re-enstated_n in_o their_o primitive_a liberty_n and_o their_o posterity_n secure_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o so_o great_a a_o happiness_n among_o those_o many_o rich_a advantage_n that_o accrue_v to_o the_o free_a people_n of_o england_n from_o this_o great_a charter_n and_o those_o many_o confirmatory_n statute_n of_o the_o same_o we_o shall_v present_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o some_o few_o that_o may_v most_o proper_o fall_v under_o the_o consideration_n and_o inquiry_n of_o these_o present_a time_n as_o find_v in_o our_o common_a law_n book_n one_a that_o every_o englishman_n be_v bear_v free_a 2d_o that_o no_o such_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v attach_v assess_v or_o imprison_v by_o any_o petition_n or_o suggestion_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o counsel_n unless_o by_o the_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n where_o such_o deed_n be_v do_v 5_o edw._n 3._o chap._n 9_o 25_o edw._n 3._o chap._n 4._o 17_o r._n 2._o chap._n 6_o rot._n parl._n 42_o edw._n 3._o cook_n 2_o inst_n 46._o 3d_o that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v diseize_v of_o his_o freehold_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n hereby_o be_v intend_v say_v cook_n that_o land_n tenement_n good_n and_o chattel_n shall_v not_o be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n contrary_a to_o this_o great_a charter_n etc._n etc._n 43._o ass_n pag._n 12._o 43_o edw._n 3._o cook_n 2_o inst_n 32._o neither_o shall_v any_o such_o freeman_n be_v put_v from_o his_o livelihood_n without_o answer_n cook_n 2._o inst_n 47._o 4_o that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v outlawed_a unless_o he_o shroud_v and_o hide_v himself_o voluntary_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o law_n 2_o &_o 3_o phil._n &_o mar._n dier_n 114._o 145._o 5_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v exile_v cook_n say_v there_o be_v but_o two_o ground_n upon_o which_o any_o man_n may_v be_v exile_v one_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n suppose_v it_o not_o contrary_a to_o the_o great_a charter_n the_o other_o in_o case_n of_o abjuration_n for_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n etc._n etc._n cook_n 2._o inst_n 47._o 6_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v destroy_v that_o be_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v forejudged_n of_o life_n limb_n disherited_n or_o put_v to_o torture_n or_o death_n every_o oppression_n against_o law_n by_o colour_n of_o any_o usurp_a authority_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o destruction_n and_o it_o be_v the_o worst_a oppression_n that_o be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o justice_n cook_n institu_fw-la 2._o 48._o seven_o that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v thus_o take_v or_o imprison_v diseize_v outlawed_a exile_v or_o destroy_v of_o his_o liberty_n freehold_n and_o free_a custom_n but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n vulgar_o call_v jury_n so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o fact_n or_o person_n be_v by_o this_o fundamental_a law_n refer_v to_o the_o breast_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o jury_n it_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a per_fw-la legale_fw-la judicium_fw-la that_o be_v lawful_a judgement_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o judgement_n must_v have_v law_n in_o it_o and_o be_v according_a to_o law_n which_o can_v be_v where_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n how_o far_o the_o fact_n be_v legal_a or_o the_o contrary_a judicium_fw-la quasi_fw-la juris_fw-la dictum_fw-la the_o voice_n of_o law_n and_o right_n and_o therefore_o be_v their_o verdict_n not_o to_o be_v reject_v because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o truth_n according_a to_o their_o conscience_n for_o ver_fw-la dictis_fw-la from_o veer_fw-la dictum_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la or_o a_o true_a say_n or_o judgement_n 9_o hen._n 3._o 29._o cook_n inst_n 1._o 39_o just_o 4._o 207._o cook_n say_v that_o by_o the_o word_n legale_fw-la three_o thing_n be_v employ_v one_a that_o this_o be_v by_o law_n before_o the_o statute_n and_o therefore_o this_o statute_n but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 2d_o that_o their_o verdict_n must_v be_v legal_o give_v wherein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_a the_o jury_n ought_v to_o hear_v no_o evidence_n but_o in_o the_o hear_n and_o presence_n of_o the_o prisoner_n 2d_o that_o they_o can_v send_v to_o ask_v any_o question_n in_o law_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o prisoner_n for_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la jus_fw-la oritur_fw-la 3d_o the_o evidence_n produce_v by_o the_o king_n counsel_n be_v give_v the_o judge_n can_v collect_v the_o evidence_n nor_o urge_v it_o by_o way_n of_o charge_n to_o the_o jury_n nor_o yet_o confer_v with_o the_o jury_n about_o the_o evidence_n but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o prisoner_n cook_n inst_n 2._o 49._o 8_o or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v a_o synonimous_a expression_n import_v no_o more_o than_o by_o a_o trial_n of_o peer_n or_o a_o jury_n for_o it_o be_v sometime_o render_v not_o or_o disjunctive_o but_o and_o which_o be_v connective_o however_o it_o can_v never_o signify_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o old_a way_n of_o try_v by_o peer_n for_o than_o it_o will_v be_v connect_v to_o a_o contradiction_n beside_o cook_n well_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o four_o chap._n of_o the_o 25_o edw._n 3_o per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la import_v no_o more_o than_o a_o trial_n by_o due_a process_n and_o write_v original_a at_o common_a law_n
which_o can_v be_v without_o a_o jury_n therefore_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la parum_fw-la &_o per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la signify_v the_o same_o privilege_n unto_o the_o people_n cook_n inst_n 2._o pag._n 50._o thus_o have_v we_o present_v you_o with_o some_o of_o those_o maxim_n of_o law_n dear_a to_o our_o ancestor_n than_o life_n because_o they_o be_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n it_o be_v from_o this_o 29_o chap._n of_o the_o great_a charter_n great_a not_o sor_n its_o bulk_n but_o the_o privilege_n in_o it_o as_o from_o a_o spacious_a root_n that_o so_o many_o fruitful_a branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n spring_v if_o cook_n may_v be_v credit_v but_o how_o sacred_a soever_o they_o have_v be_v esteem_v and_o still_o be_v by_o noble_a and_o just_a mind_n yet_o so_o degenerate_a be_v some_o in_o their_o proceed_n that_o conscious_a to_o themselves_o of_o their_o baseness_n they_o will_v not_o dare_v stand_v the_o touch_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n and_o those_o just_a law_n ground_v upon_o it_o of_o which_o number_n we_o may_v true_o rank_v the_o mayor_n and_o recorder_n of_o london_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o wise_a companion_n in_o their_o late_a sestion_n at_o the_o old_a bailie_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o prisoner_n first_o the_o prisoner_n be_v take_v and_o imprison_v without_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o vicinage_n or_o the_o neighbourhood_n but_o after_o a_o military_a and_o tumultuous_a manner_n contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n 2d_o they_o refuse_v to_o produce_v the_o law_n upon_o which_o they_o proceed_v leave_v thereby_o the_o prisoner_n jury_n and_o whole_a assembly_n in_o the_o dark_a 3d_o they_o refuse_v the_o prisoner_n to_o plead_v and_o direct_o withstand_v that_o great_a privilege_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o chap._n 25_o edw._n 1._o where_o all_o justice_n mayor_n sheriff_n and_o other_o minister_n that_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o guide_v they_o be_v require_v to_o allow_v the_o say_a charter_n to_o be_v plead_v in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o shall_v come_v before_o they_o in_o judgement_n for_o no_o soon_o do_v william_n penn_n or_o his_o fellow_n prisoner_n urge_v upon_o they_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o other_o good_a law_n but_o the_o recorder_n cry_v take_v he_o away_o take_v he_o away_o put_v he_o into_o the_o baledock_n or_o hole_n from_o which_o the_o recorder_n can_v never_o deliver_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o avow_v the_o law_n be_v not_o his_o guide_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v plead_v before_o he_o in_o judgement_n 4_o they_o give_v the_o jury_n their_o charge_n in_o the_o prisoner_n absence_n endeavour_v high_o to_o incense_n the_o jury_n against_o they_o 5_o the_o verdict_n be_v give_v which_o be_v in_o law_n dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la the_o voice_n of_o truth_n herself_o because_o not_o suitable_a to_o their_o humour_n they_o do_v five_o time_n reject_v it_o with_o many_o abusive_a imperious_a and_o menace_a expression_n to_o the_o jury_n such_o as_o no_o precedent_n can_v afford_v we_o as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o the_o only_o constitute_v judge_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o mere_a cipher_n only_o to_o signify_v something_o behind_o their_o figure_n 6_o though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v clear_v by_o their_o jury_n yet_o be_v they_o continue_v for_o the_o nonpayment_n of_o their_o fine_n lay_v upon_o they_o for_o not_o pull_v off_o their_o hat_n in_o which_o the_o law_n be_v notorious_o break_v one_a in_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v but_o according_a to_o the_o offence_n and_o they_o have_v fine_v each_o forty_o mark_n 2d_o they_o be_v not_o merce_v by_o any_o jury_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o a_o incense_a bench._n beside_o there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o the_o hat_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o transgression_n and_o consequent_o no_o legal_a amercement_n or_o fine_a 9_o h._n 3._o chap._n 14._o but_o how_o the_o prisoner_n be_v trapan_v into_o it_o be_v most_o ridiculous_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contriver_n that_o find_v their_o hat_n off_o will_v have_v they_o put_v on_o again_o by_o their_o officer_n to_o fool_v the_o prisoner_n with_o a_o trial_n of_o put_v they_o off_o again_o which_o childish_a conceit_n not_o be_v gratify_v they_o fine_v they_o the_o forty_o mark_n a_o piece_n 7_o instead_o of_o accept_v their_o verdict_n as_o good_a in_o law_n and_o for_o the_o true_a decission_n of_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o constitute_v they_o proper_a judge_n and_o which_o bear_v they_o out_o with_o many_o other_o good_a law_n in_o what_o they_o agree_v to_o as_o a_o verdict_n the_o court_n do_v most_o illegal_o and_o tyrannical_o fine_a and_o imprison_v they_o as_o in_o the_o trial_n be_v express_v and_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a just_a resentment_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o judge_n keeling_n case_n where_o they_o resolve_v that_o the_o precedent_n and_o practice_n of_o fine_v and_o imprison_v of_o jury_n for_o their_o verdict_n be_v illegal_a and_o here_o we_o must_v needs_o observe_v two_o thing_n one_a that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n can_v be_v more_o slight_v and_o contradict_v in_o any_o thing_n next_o englishman_n be_v quite_o destroy_v then_o in_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o have_v that_o equal_a medium_n or_o just_a way_n of_o trial_n that_o the_o same_o law_n have_v provide_v which_o be_v by_o a_o jury_n 2d_o that_o the_o late_a proceed_n of_o the_o court_n at_o the_o old_a bailie_n be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o jury_n be_v now_o but_o mere_a formality_n and_o that_o the_o partial_a charge_n of_o the_o bench_n must_v be_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n for_o if_o ever_o a_o rape_n be_v attempt_v on_o the_o conscience_n of_o any_o jury_n it_o be_v there_o and_o indeed_o the_o ignorance_n of_o juror_n of_o their_o authority_n by_o law_n be_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o their_o unhappy_a cringe_v to_o the_o court_n and_o be_v scare_v into_o a_o anti-conscience_n verdict_n by_o their_o lawless_a threat_n but_o we_o have_v live_v to_o a_o age_n so_o deboist_a from_o all_o humanity_n and_o reason_n as_o well_o as_o faith_n and_o religion_n that_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o turn_v butcher_n to_o their_o own_o privilege_n and_o conspirator_n against_o their_o own_o liberty_n for_o however_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la have_v once_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o sacred_a unalterable_a law_n and_o few_o harden_a enough_o to_o incur_v and_o bear_v the_o long_a curse_n that_o attend_v the_o violator_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v frequent_o object_v now_o that_o the_o benefit_n there_o design_v be_v but_o temporary_a and_o therefore_o liable_a to_o alteration_n as_o other_o statute_n be_v what_o game_n such_o person_n play_v at_o may_v be_v lively_o read_v in_o the_o attempt_n of_o dyonisius_n palaris_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o will_v have_v will_n and_o power_n be_v the_o people_n law_n but_o that_o the_o privilege_n due_a to_o englishman_n by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o england_n have_v their_o foundation_n in_o reason_n and_o law_n and_o that_o those_o new_a cassandrian_a way_n to_o introduce_v will_n and_o power_n deserve_v to_o be_v detest_v by_o all_o person_n profess_v sense_n and_o honesty_n and_o the_o least_o allegiance_n to_o our_o english_a government_n we_o shall_v make_v appear_v from_o a_o sober_a consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o privilege_n contain_v in_o that_o charter_n 1_o the_o ground_n of_o alteration_n of_o any_o law_n in_o government_n where_o there_o be_v no_o invasion_n shall_v arise_v from_o the_o universal_a discommodity_n of_o its_o continuance_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o disprofit_v in_o the_o discontinuance_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n of_o alteration_n 2_o no_o one_o englishman_n be_v bear_v slave_n to_o another_o neither_o have_v the_o one_o a_o right_a to_o inherit_v the_o sweat_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o other_o labour_n without_o consent_n therefore_o the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o a_o english_a man_n can_v reasonable_o be_v at_o the_o will_n and_o beck_n of_o another_o let_v his_o quality_n and_o rank_n be_v never_o so_o great_a 3_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o that_o which_o be_v partial_a but_o to_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o any_o which_o be_v natural_a right_n without_o break_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o of_o will_n and_o power_n be_v manifest_o partial_a and_o therefore_o unreasonable_a 4_o if_o it_o be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a for_o man_n to_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v by_o than_o no_o sort_n of_o man_n shall_v
invade_v the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o other_o man_n because_o they_o will_v not_o be_v serve_v so_o themselves_o 5_o where_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v destroy_v there_o must_v always_o be_v a_o state_n of_o force_n and_o war_n which_o however_o please_v it_o may_v be_v unto_o the_o invader_n it_o will_v be_v esteem_v intolerable_a by_o the_o invade_v who_o will_v no_o long_o remain_v subject_n in_o all_o humane_a probability_n then_o while_o they_o want_v as_o much_o power_n to_o free_v themselves_o as_o their_o adversary_n have_v to_o enslave_v they_o the_o trouble_n hazard_n ill-consequence_n and_o illegality_n of_o such_o attempt_n as_o they_o have_v decline_v by_o the_o most_o prudent_a in_o all_o age_n so_o have_v they_o prove_v most_o uneasy_a to_o the_o most_o savage_a of_o all_o nation_n who_o first_o or_o last_o have_v by_o a_o mighty_a torent_n free_v themselves_o to_o the_o due_a punishment_n and_o great_a infamy_n of_o their_o oppressor_n such_o be_v the_o advantage_n such_o the_o disadvantage_n which_o necessary_o do_v attend_v the_o fixation_n and_o removal_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o recite_v by_o we_o import_v nothing_o less_o than_o their_o preservation_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o be_v disseize_v of_o his_o freehold_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o be_v outlawed_a or_o exile_v or_o any_o other_o way_n destroy_v nor_o we_o will_v not_o pass_v upon_o he_o nor_o condemn_v he_o but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n etc._n etc._n a_o freeman_n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v for_o a_o small_a fault_n but_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o for_o a_o great_a fault_n after_o the_o greatness_n thereof_o and_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amercement_n shall_v be_v assess_v but_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o vicinage_n first_o it_o assert_n englishman_n to_o be_v free_a that_o be_v liberty_n second_o that_o they_o have_v freehold_n that_o be_v property_n three_o that_o amercement_n or_o penalty_n shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o fault_n commit_v which_o be_v equity_n four_o that_o they_o shall_v lose_v neither_o but_o when_o they_o be_v adjudge_v to_o have_v forfeit_v they_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o theirh_n onest_fw-we neighbour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v lawful_a judgement_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o discern_v to_o what_o pass_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n will_v bring_v the_o people_n first_o they_o be_v now_o freeman_n but_o they_o will_v have_v they_o slave_n second_o they_o have_v now_o right_o unto_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o estate_n as_o their_o undoubted_a property_n but_o such_o will_v rob_v they_o of_o all_o three_o now_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v or_o punish_v but_o suitable_o to_o his_o fault_n whilst_o they_o will_v make_v it_o suitable_a to_o their_o revengeful_a mind_n four_o whereas_o the_o power_n of_o judgement_n lie_v in_o the_o breast_n and_o conscience_n of_o twelve_o honest_a neighbour_n they_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o mercenary_a judge_n to_o which_o we_o can_v choose_v but_o add_v that_o such_o discourse_n manifest_o strike_v at_o this_o present_a constitution_n of_o government_n for_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o upon_o its_o best_a foundation_n none_o can_v design_v the_o concel_n of_o the_o charter_n but_o they_o must_v necessary_o intend_v the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o english_a government_n for_o where_o the_o cause_n be_v take_v away_o the_o effect_n must_v consequent_o cease_v and_o as_o the_o restauration_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a law_n by_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v the_o sovereign_a balsam_n which_o cure_v our_o former_a breach_n so_o doubtless_o will_v the_o continuation_n of_o it_o prove_v a_o excellent_a prevention_n to_o any_o future_a disturbance_n but_o some_o be_v ready_a to_o object_n that_o the_o great_a charter_n consist_v as_o well_o of_o religion_n as_o civil_a right_n the_o former_a have_v receive_v a_o alteration_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o latter_a may_v have_v the_o like_a to_o which_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o alteration_n can_v be_v the_o same_o therefore_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a the_o one_o be_v matter_n of_o opinion_n about_o faith_n and_o religious_a worship_n which_o be_v as_o various_a as_o the_o unconstant_a apprehension_n of_o man_n but_o the_o other_o be_v matter_n of_o so_o immutable_a right_n and_o justice_n that_o all_o generation_n however_o differ_v in_o their_o religious_a opinion_n have_v concenter_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o certainty_n equity_n and_o indispensable_a necessity_n of_o preserve_v these_o fundamental_a law_n so_o that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la have_v not_o rise_v and_o fall_v with_o the_o differ_v religious_a opinion_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o land_n but_o have_v ever_o remain_v as_o the_o stable_a right_n of_o every_o individual_a englishman_n pure_o as_o a_o englishman_n otherwise_o if_o the_o civil_a privilege_n of_o the_o people_n have_v fall_v with_o the_o pretend_a religious_a privilege_n of_o the_o popish_a tyranny_n at_o the_o first_o reformation_n as_o must_v needs_o be_v suggest_v by_o this_o objection_n our_o case_n have_v end_v here_o that_o we_o have_v obtain_v a_o spiritual_a freedom_n at_o the_o cost_n of_o a_o civil_a bondage_n which_o certain_o be_v far_o from_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o first_o reformer_n and_o probable_o a_o unseen_a consequence_n by_o the_o objector_n to_o their_o idle_a opinion_n in_o short_a there_o be_v no_o time_n in_o which_o any_o man_n may_v plead_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o action_n as_o be_v unjust_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n which_o he_o must_v unavoidable_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o do_v deface_v or_o cancel_v that_o law_n by_o which_o the_o justice_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v confirm_v and_o maintain_v to_o the_o people_n and_o consequent_o no_o person_n may_v legal_o attempt_v the_o subversion_n or_o extenuation_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o prove_v from_o instance_n out_o of_o both_o one_a any_o judgement_n give_v contrary_a to_o the_o say_a charter_n be_v to_o be_v undo_v and_o hold_v for_o nought_o 25_o edw._n 1._o chap._n 2._o 2d_o any_o that_o by_o word_n deed_n or_o counsel_n go_v contrary_a to_o the_o say_a charter_n be_v to_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n be_v bind_v to_o compel_v the_o other_o bishop_n to_o denounce_v sentence_n according_o in_o case_n of_o their_o remissness_n or_o neglect_v which_o certain_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o state_n rather_o than_o the_o church_n since_o there_o be_v never_o any_o necessity_n of_o compel_v the_o bishop_n to_o denounce_v sentence_n in_o their_o own_o case_n though_o frequent_o in_o the_o people_n 25_o edw._n 1._o chap._n 4._o 3d_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o charter_n of_o forrest_n be_v hold_v and_o keep_v in_o all_o point_n and_o if_o any_o statute_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o nought_o 42_o edw._n 3._o 1._o upon_o which_o cook_n that_o famous_a english_a lawyer_n say_v that_o albeit_o judgement_n in_o the_o king_n court_v be_v of_o high_a regard_n in_o law_n and_o judicia_fw-la be_v account_v as_o juris_fw-la dicta_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o if_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n it_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o nought_o he_o further_o say_v that_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o edw._n 1._o chapter_n 1._o that_o this_o great_a charter_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o forrest_n be_v proper_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n or_o the_o law_n be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o people_n thereof_o 4_o another_o statute_n run_v thus_o if_o any_o force_n come_v to_o disturb_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o common_a law_n you_o shall_v cause_v their_o body_n to_o be_v arrest_v and_o put_v in_o prison_n you_o shall_v deny_v no_o man_n right_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n nor_o counsel_v the_o king_n any_o thing_n that_o may_v turn_v to_o his_o damage_n or_o disherison_n 18_o edw._n 3._o chap._n 7._o neither_o to_o delay_v right_a by_o the_o great_a and_o little_a seal_n this_o be_v the_o judge_n charge_v and_o oath_n 2_o edw._n 3._o chap._n 8._o 14_o edw._n 3._o 14._o 11_o r._n 2._o chap._n 10._o 5_o such_o care_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o great_a charer_n that_o in_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n 1._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o commissioner_n shall_v issue_v forth_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v choose_v in_o every_o shire-court_n
by_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o shire_n three_o substantial_a man_n knight_n or_o other_o lawful_a wise_a and_o well_o dispose_v person_n to_o be_v justice_n which_o shall_v be_v assign_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v without_o any_o other_o write_v but_o only_o their_o commission_n such_o plaint_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v upon_o all_o those_o that_o commit_v or_o offend_v against_o any_o point_n contain_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a charter_n 28_o edw._n 1._o chap._n 1._o 6_o the_o necessity_n of_o preserve_v these_o charter_n have_v appear_v in_o nothing_o more_o than_o in_o the_o care_n they_o have_v take_v to_o confirm_v they_o which_o as_o cook_n observe_v have_v be_v by_o thirty_o two_o parliament_n confirm_v establish_a and_o command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n with_o the_o condign_a punishment_n they_o have_v inflict_v upon_o the_o offender_n cook_n proem_n to_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o inst_n 7_o that_o in_o the_o notable_a petition_n of_o right_n many_o of_o these_o great_a privilege_n and_o free_a custom_n contain_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a charter_n and_o other_o good_a law_n be_v recite_v and_o confirm_v 3_o car._n 1._o 8_o the_o late_a king_n in_o his_o declaration_n at_o newmarket_n 1641._o acknowledge_v the_o law_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o his_o power_n by_o which_o he_o doubtless_o intend_v fundamental_a law_n since_o it_o may_v be_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o country_n sometime_o to_o suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o temporary_a law_n have_v so_o manifest_o evidence_v that_o venerable_a esteem_n our_o ancestor_n have_v of_o that_o golden_a rule_n the_o great_a charter_n with_o their_o deep_a solicitude_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o the_o deface_v of_o usurpation_n and_o faction_n we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o just_a resentment_n and_o earnest_a prosecution_n against_o some_o of_o those_o who_o in_o any_o age_n have_v adventure_v to_o undermine_v that_o ancient_a foundation_n by_o introduce_v a_o arbitrary_a way_n of_o government_n one_a as_o judicious_a lambard_n report_v in_o his_o saxon_a translation_n that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n be_v by_o their_o coronation-oath_n oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o land_n of_o which_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v but_o declaratory_a so_o do_v king_n alfred_n repute_v the_o most_o famous_a compiler_n of_o law_n among_o they_o give_v this_o discovery_n of_o his_o indignation_n against_o his_o own_o judge_n for_o action_n contrary_a to_o those_o fundamental_a law_n that_o he_o command_v the_o execution_n of_o forty_o of_o they_o which_o may_v be_v a_o seasonable_a caveat_n to_o judge_n of_o our_o time_n second_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgo_n once_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n have_v advise_v edw._n 1._o in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o his_o counsel_n hold_v at_o oxford_n to_o cansel_n this_o great_a charter_n and_o that_o of_o the_o forest_n be_v just_o sentence_v according_a to_o law_n by_o his_o peer_n in_o open_a parliament_n when_o the_o statute_n call_v confirmationis_fw-la cartarum_fw-la be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n whereof_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v peculiar_o call_v the_o common_a law_n 25_o edw._n 1._o chap._n 2._o 3d_o the_o spencer_n both_o father_n and_o son_n for_o their_o arbitrary_a domination_n and_o rash_a and_o evil_a counsel_n to_o edw._n the_o second_o by_o which_o be_v be_v seduce_v to_o break_v the_o great_a charter_n be_v banish_v for_o their_o pain_n as_o cook_n relate_v 4_o the_o same_o fate_n attend_v tresillian_n and_o belknap_n for_o their_o illegal_a proceed_n 5_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o exemplary_a justice_n do_v upon_o empson_n and_o dudley_n who_o case_n be_v very_o memorable_a in_o this_o point_n for_o though_o they_o gratify_v hen._n 7._o in_o what_o they_o do_v and_o have_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o their_o warrant_n make_v the_o eleven_o of_o his_o reign_n yet_o meet_v they_o with_o their_o due_a reward_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n that_o act_n be_v against_o equity_n and_o common_a reason_n and_o so_o no_o justifiable_a ground_n or_o apology_n for_o those_o frequent_a abuse_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o here_o what_o the_o lord_n cook_n further_o say_v concern_v the_o matter_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o eleaventh_fw-mi year_n of_o king_n hen._n 7._o which_o have_v a_o fair_a flatteriing_a preamble_n pretend_v to_o avoid_v divers_a mischief_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o high_a displeasure_n of_o almighty_a god_n 2d_o the_o great_a let_v of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o 3d_o the_o great_a let_v of_o the_o wealth_n of_o this_o land_n and_o the_o purvien_n of_o that_o act_n tend_v in_o the_o execution_n contrary_a exit_fw-la diametro_fw-la viz._n to_o the_o high_a dispeasure_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o the_o great_a let_v nay_o the_o utter_a subversion_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o great_a let_v of_o the_o wealth_n of_o this_o land_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v appear_v the_o substance_n of_o which_o act_n follow_v in_o these_o word_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o as_o well_o justice_n of_o assize_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n in_o every_o county_n upon_o information_n for_o the_o king_n before_o they_o make_v without_o any_o find_v or_o presentment_n by_o twelve_o man_n shall_v have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n by_o their_o discretion_n and_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o offence_n as_o riot_n unlawful_a assembly_n etc._n etc._n commit_v and_o do_v against_o any_o act_n or_o statute_n make_v and_o not_o repeal_v etc._n etc._n a_o case_n that_o very_o much_o resemble_v this_o of_o our_o own_o time_n by_o pretext_n of_o this_o law_n empson_n and_o dudley_n do_v commit_v upon_o the_o subject_n unsufferable_a pressure_n and_o oppression_n and_o therefore_o this_o statute_n be_v just_o soon_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o hen._n 7._o repeal_v at_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o his_o decease_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1_o h._n 8._o chap._n 6._o a_o good_a caveat_n to_o parliament_n to_o leave_v all_o cause_n to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o golden_a and_o straight_a metwand_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o the_o incertain_a and_o crooked_a cord_n of_o discretion_n it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a to_o foresee_v when_o any_o maxim_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v alter_v as_o elsewhere_o have_v be_v observe_v what_o dangerous_a inconvenience_n do_v follow_v which_o most_o express_o appear_v by_o this_o most_o unjust_a and_o strange_a act_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o h._n 7._o for_o hereby_o not_o only_a empson_n and_o dudley_n themselves_o but_o such_o justice_n of_o peace_n corrupt_a man_n as_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v authorize_v commit_v most_o grievous_a and_o heavy_a oppression_n and_o exaction_n grind_v the_o face_n of_o the_o poor_a subject_n by_o penal_a law_n be_v they_o never_o so_o obsolete_a or_o unfit_a for_o the_o time_n by_o information_n only_o without_o any_o presentment_n or_o trial_n by_o jury_n be_v the_o ancient_a birthright_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o same_o by_o their_o discretion_n inflict_v such_o penalty_n as_o the_o statute_n not_o repeal_v impose_v these_o and_o other_o like_a oppression_n and_o exaction_n by_o or_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n and_o their_o instrument_n bring_v infinite_a treasure_n to_o the_o king_n coffer_n whereof_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o the_o end_n with_o great_a grief_n and_o compunction_n repent_v as_o in_o another_o place_n we_o have_v observe_v this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o h._n 7._o we_o have_v recite_v and_o show_v the_o just_a inconvenience_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o like_a shall_v never_o hereafter_o be_v attempt_v in_o any_o court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o other_o may_v avoid_v the_o fearful_a end_n of_o those_o two_o time-servers_a empson_n and_o dudley_n qui_fw-la eorum_fw-la urstiquijs_fw-la insistunt_fw-la eorum_fw-la exitus_fw-la per_fw-la horrescant_fw-la see_v the_o statute_n of_o 8._o edw._n 4._o chap_n 2._o a_o statute_n of_o livery_n a_o information_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o stand_v as_o a_o original_a etc._n etc._n this_o act_n be_v deserted_o repeal_v vide_fw-la 12_o r._n 2._o chapter_n 13._o punishment_n by_o discretion_n etc._n etc._n vide_fw-la 5_o of_o h._n 4._o chap._n 6_o 8._o see_v the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n discretion_n ought_v to_o be_v thus_o describe_v discretio_fw-la est_fw-la descernere_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la quid_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la from_o whence_o three_o thing_n seem_v most_o remarkable_a first_o the_o great_a equity_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n with_o the_o high_a value_n our_o ancestor_n have_v most_o deserve_o set_v upon_o it_o