what_o consist_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n c._n i._n a_o civil_a action_n be_v defyne_v to_o be_v that_o which_o concern_v land_n or_o good_n and_o a_o criminal_a action_n that_o which_o concern_v life_n or_o limb._n but_o skeen_n in_o his_o observation_n upon_o that_o place_n do_v confess_v all_o that_o to_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o concern_v the_o public_a good_a whether_o a_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v crave_v but_o this_o be_v also_o too_o general_a especial_o since_o the_o law_n divide_v crymes_n in_o public_a and_o private_a crymes_n and_o therefore_o i_o offer_v these_o consideration_n 1._o all_o transgression_n of_o law_n be_v not_o criminal_a five_o g._n to_o make_v a_o disposition_n in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n be_v not_o criminal_a though_o it_o be_v prohibit_v 2._o that_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n which_o bear_v express_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o pecunial_a mulct_n for_o in_o my_o lord_n renton_n case_n against_o hoom_n it_o be_v find_v that_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v criminal_a though_o it_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o act_n whereby_o it_o be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o definit_a punishment_n nor_o be_v it_o express_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n likea_n single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a albeit_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n by_o any_o express_a law_n with_o we_o 3._o that_o can_v only_o be_v think_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o poind_v of_o ox_n be_v no_o more_o such_o than_o make_v fraudulent_a disposition_n iii_o the_o true_a nature_n then_o of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_a conclusion_n first_o that_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v declare_v such_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n as_o murder_n treason_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o nothing_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o a_o statute_n for_o this_o will_v make_v subject_n inexcusable_a and_o prevent_v the_o arbitrariness_n of_o judge_n and_o i_o find_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o criminalist_n nothing_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n or_o punish_v criminal_o but_o what_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n under_o a_o express_a pain_n or_o punishment_n for_o they_o observe_v that_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o punishment_n inflict_v but_o where_o a_o delict_n be_v commit_v so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o delict_n but_o where_o the_o law_n have_v appoint_v a_o punishment_n cabal_n cas._n 1._o and_o this_o be_v clear_a l._n at_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la §_o divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr religios_fw-la &_o sumpt_n fun_n l._n haeres_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr usufr._n leg_n surd._n consil_n 301._o and_o yet_o lawyer_n assert_v that_o such_o as_o disobey_v and_o transgress_v any_o prohibit_v law_n may_v be_v punish_v arbitrar_o as_o contemner_n of_o the_o law_n suitable_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o contempt_n though_o they_o can_v be_v punish_v criminal_o as_o guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n cabal_n ibid._n 2._o the_o transgress_v any_o municipal_a law_n which_o prohibit_v that_o which_o either_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n punish_v criminal_o by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v a_o crime_n and_o thus_o the_o poynd_n ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v declare_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o former_a decision_n because_o though_o it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n which_o do_v bear_v no_o punishment_n yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n 3._o that_o be_v a_o crime_n whereby_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v immediate_o disquiet_v or_o whereby_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v violate_v thus_o incest_n and_o rapt_n be_v account_v crymes_n with_o we_o before_o they_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v such_o by_o a_o express_a law_n and_o bestiality_n and_o sodomy_n be_v crymes_n though_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o statute_n against_o they_o 4._o that_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o long_a custom_n have_v punish_v by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o by_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n as_o single_a and_o not_o manifest_a adultery_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v the_o first_o fountain_n of_o our_o criminal_a law_n and_o thus_o the_o lybel_n in_o single_a adultery_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o in_o usury_n we_o lybel_n upon_o the_o municipal_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n joint_o 2._o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v our_o proper_a law_n but_o even_o these_o may_v run_v in_o desuetude_n so_o far_o that_o they_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n for_o former_a transgression_n since_o the_o people_n who_o know_v not_o law_n so_o much_o by_o read_v the_o book_n of_o statute_n as_o by_o see_v the_o daily_a practice_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v not_o be_v ensnare_v by_o pursuit_n upon_o old_a bury_v law_n which_o scarce_o lawyer_n study_v or_o know_v nor_o can_v the_o people_n be_v think_v to_o have_v contemn_v what_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v know_v and_o our_o judicator_n by_o ordain_v such_o ancient_a law_n to_o be_v renew_v by_o proclamation_n do_v confess_v that_o before_o these_o proclamation_n these_o law_n be_v not_o bind_v for_o else_o the_o renew_v they_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o we_o have_v so_o many_o penal_a statute_n now_o in_o desuetude_n that_o the_o liege_n will_v be_v certain_o ruin_v by_o they_o and_o thus_o colonel_n borthwick_n have_v pursue_v the_o maltman_n criminal_o for_o contraveen_v the_o 92._o act._n 6._o parliament_n ja._n 4._o the_o council_n upon_o a_o supplication_n represent_v their_o ground_n sist_v that_o pursuit_n but_o desuetude_n must_v be_v universal_a ancient_a and_o notorious_a else_o the_o want_n of_o any_o of_o these_o three_o qualification_n will_v alter_v this_o conclusion_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o desuetude_n can_v in_o futurum_fw-la abrogate_v a_o crime_n and_o enervate_a the_o law_n altogether_o since_o the_o parliament_n only_o can_v rescind_v their_o own_o law_n nor_o shall_v the_o people_n nay_o nor_o our_o judge_n be_v make_v legislator_n consuetudinis_fw-la ususque_fw-la longavi_fw-la non_fw-la vilis_fw-la est_fw-la auctoritas_fw-la verum_fw-la non_fw-la usque_fw-la adeo_fw-la svi_fw-la valitura_fw-la momento_n ut_fw-la aut_fw-la rationem_fw-la uincat_fw-la aut_fw-la legem_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n quae_fw-la sit_fw-la long_o consuet_n which_o shall_v rather_o hold_v in_o crime_n then_o in_o any_o other_o subject_n because_o it_o seem_v absurd_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o people_n to_o loose_v themselves_o from_o the_o law_n make_v against_o themselves_o and_o to_o gain_v impunity_n by_o frequent_a repetition_n of_o their_o fault_n or_o to_o be_v able_a to_o free_v themselves_o from_o punishment_n by_o contemn_v these_o law_n by_o which_o they_o be_v inflict_v the_o decision_n of_o our_o criminal_a court_n as_o of_o all_o our_o other_o do_v bind_v the_o same_o or_o succeed_a judge_n rather_o out_o of_o decency_n than_o necessity_n for_o nothing_o tie_v judge_n but_o law_n and_o none_o can_v make_v law_n but_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o suitable_a to_o l._n nemo_n c._n de_fw-fr send_v &_o inter_fw-la where_o justinian_n do_v express_o command_v ne_fw-la ullorum_fw-la judicum_fw-la sententiae_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la reputentur_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o give_v in_o that_o law_n be_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la exemplis_fw-la sed_fw-la legibus_fw-la est_fw-la judicandum_fw-la and_o the_o other_o reason_n l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la quia_fw-la imperator_fw-la est_fw-la solus_fw-la legum_fw-la conditor_fw-la and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o circumstance_n influence_n particular_a case_n how_o judge_n may_v fail_v where_o party_n be_v name_v and_o that_o decision_n pass_v necessary_o upon_o less_o premeditation_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o law_n it_o will_v be_v find_v reasonable_a not_o to_o trust_v decision_n too_o much_o likeas_n our_o judge_n do_v make_v express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o we_o call_v they_o when_o they_o resolve_v to_o regulat_fw-la future_a case_n which_o be_v unnecessar_n if_o all_o decision_n do_v of_o themselves_o bind_v nor_o do_v the_o decision_n of_o the_o very_a parliament_n of_o paris_n bind_v even_o the_o pronounter_n themselves_o for_o the_o future_a as_o conan_n observe_v lib._n 1._o c._n 15._o and_o so_o frail_a and_o fallible_a a_o thing_n be_v man_n judgement_n especial_o where_o vote_n be_v number_v and_o not_o weigh_v or_o where_o experience_n may_v discover_v the_o error_n which_o the_o sharp_a reason_n can_v not_o foresee_v that_o therefore_o judge_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v tie_v from_o alter_v their_o
sum_n and_o so_o be_v no_o more_o debtor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n cease_v and_o as_o to_o the_o foresay_a seven_o act_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o make_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o debtor_n absolute_o but_o to_o correct_v the_o 257._o act_n 15._o p._n k._n i._n 6._o whereby_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v receivable_a as_o decisive_a of_o the_o cause_n as_o to_o other_o witness_n our_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o paction_n in_o usury_n be_v either_o extrinsic_a to_o the_o bond_n or_o write_v as_o be_v the_o take_a bud_n or_o bribe_v for_o continue_v a_o sum_n and_o these_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n albeit_o by_o the_o foresay_a 7._o act._n it_o be_v say_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n insert_v but_o paction_n which_o concern_v the_o writ_n itself_o as_o that_o whereby_o more_o be_v promise_v then_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bond_n these_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o witness_n insert_v for_o else_o write_v may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n as_o to_o oath_n of_o party_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a act_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n by_o which_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o justice_n according_o do_v force_v the_o panel_n to_o swear_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n above_o cite_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o civil_a and_o not_o criminal_a case_n for_o that_o act_n say_v that_o litiscontestation_n be_v make_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o receive_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o litiscontestation_n in_o criminal_n go_v this_o act_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o these_o case_n vii_o usury_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o proper_a product_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pecuniae_fw-la but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v punish_v and_o most_o lawyer_n think_v it_o may_v be_v punish_v criminal_o decius_n consil._n 130._o and_o it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la because_o it_o be_v punishable_a civil_o and_o ecclesiastical_o the_o pain_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o obligation_n or_o have_v back_o his_o pledge_n or_o if_o the_o debtor_n conceal_v than_o the_o revealer_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n act_n 222._o k._n i._n 6._o par._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o 248_o act_n p._n 15._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o usurary_n bond_n or_o contract_n shall_v be_v reduce_v and_o be_v reduce_v the_o sum_n shall_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o donator_n and_o the_o party_n to_o have_v repetition_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n pay_v by_o he_o in_o case_n only_o he_o concur_v with_o the_o donator_n in_o the_o reduction_n title_n xxv_o the_o dribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 1._o what_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o our_o law_n punish_v it_o 3._o crimen_fw-la repecundarum_fw-la &_o barratriae_fw-la 4._o whether_o arbiter_n deligat_n or_o assessor_n be_v punishable_a for_o take_v bribe_n 5._o how_o negligent_a judge_n be_v punishable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v good_a law_n if_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o just_a and_o diligent_a person_n as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o exact_a balance_n if_o that_o balance_n be_v not_o put_v in_o a_o good_a hand_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o its_o privilege_n to_o just_a judge_n and_o severe_a in_o punish_v such_o as_o offend_v they_o so_o it_o have_v punish_v with_o the_o same_o rigour_n such_o judge_n as_o transgress_v either_o by_o bribe_v negligence_n or_o partiality_n which_o be_v three_o distinct_a species_n forbid_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o we_o i._o bribe_v be_v the_o take_n of_o money_n or_o other_o good_a deed_n either_o for_o do_v of_o justice_n or_o commit_v of_o unjustice_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o lawyer_n who_o think_v that_o a_o judge_n take_v money_n in_o a_o civil_a cause_n to_o do_v justice_n do_v not_o thereby_o commit_v a_o crime_n but_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o restitution_n menoch_n 2._o arb._n 342._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o sound_v reason_n since_o if_o take_v upon_o any_o term_n be_v allow_v the_o law_n may_v be_v elude_v and_o judge_n will_v be_v thereby_o tempt_v not_o only_o to_o take_v bribe_n but_o to_o take_v pain_n to_o justify_v what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v neither_o prove_v per_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n jul_a repetund_a for_o there_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v non_fw-la excipiet_fw-la quo_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la quid_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la fecerit_fw-la which_o prohibit_v only_o a_o excess_n in_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o do_v justice_n for_o money_n nor_o perl_n 3._o c._n eod_a since_o that_o law_n do_v only_o in_o the_o general_n forbid_v the_o take_n of_o money_n but_o this_o be_v express_o forbid_v l._n 2._o §_o 2_o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v obturp_v cause_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o crime_n but_o the_o punishment_n there_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v litem_fw-la svam_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o skeen_n ad_fw-la stat._n 25._o wil._n say_v that_o non_fw-la licet_fw-la judici_fw-la vendere_fw-la judicium_fw-la justum_fw-la ii_o by_o our_o law_n the_o king_n judge_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v do_v as_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v convict_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o fault_n cap._n 13._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a court_n such_o as_o regality_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v either_o culpable_a or_o remiss_a they_o be_v to_o escheat_n their_o moveable_n and_o their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v or_o in_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n cap._n 14._o ibid._n and_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 5._o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v any_o heritable_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a and_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a lose_v his_o office_n forever_o and_o though_o his_o person_n be_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v only_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n express_v against_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o heritable_a yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o be_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o be_v applicable_a both_o to_o the_o heritable_a judge_n and_o other_o likeas_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o by_o all_o these_o act_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v only_o express_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n competent_a yet_o the_o practica_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a if_o partiality_n be_v commit_v in_o any_o criminal_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v execute_v any_o panel_n upon_o a_o crime_n prove_v only_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_n brother_n or_o other_o inhabile_fw-la witness_n or_o upon_o a_o libel_n which_o be_v palpable_o irrelevant_a in_o these_o and_o in_o such_o other_o criminal_a case_n the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o council_n will_v be_v only_a judge_n competent_a nor_o be_v partiality_n in_o civil_a case_n a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n paena_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la and_o by_o resound_v of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o foresay_a law_n strike_v only_o against_o partiality_n in_o general_a but_o bribe_v be_v express_o discharge_v by_o the_o 25._o chap._n stat._n k._n william_n but_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n there_o express_v and_o therefore_o skeen_n add_v in_o his_o observation_n the_o punishment_n of_o l._n 1._o cum_fw-la aut_fw-la hent_n c._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la judic_fw-la and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 22._o chap._n 1._o stat._n rob._n 1._o all_o judge_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o champart_n either_o for_o give_v defer_v or_o prolong_v of_o justice_n and_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n for_o all_o their_o life_n champart_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v part_n du_fw-fr champ_n a_o part_n of_o any_o land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o
the_o king_n will_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o magistrate_n do_v in_o thing_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n excuse_v the_o liedge_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o liedge_n rise_v in_o obedience_n to_o command_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o punishable_a except_o it_o be_v clear_o palpable_a to_o they_o that_o their_o insurrection_n be_v in_o contempt_n of_o his_o majesty_n authority_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la contra_fw-la evidentissimam_fw-la jussionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o see_v the_o liedge_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v their_o magistrate_n and_o to_o rise_v when_o he_o call_v they_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o without_o this_o allowance_n his_o majesty_n can_v not_o be_v serve_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o that_o obedience_n which_o will_v be_v punishable_a if_o they_o refuse_v it_o iii_o the_o convocate_a the_o liedge_n in_o band_n of_o man_n of_o war_n for_o daily_o or_o monthly_a wage_n without_o special_a licence_n be_v declare_v likewise_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 12._o act_n 10._o parl._n k._n ja._n 6._o and_o the_o make_n of_o all_o league_n and_o band_n among_o the_o liedge_n without_o his_o majesty_n consent_n be_v discharge_v and_o the_o contraveener_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o mover_n of_o sedition_n and_o unquietness_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o realm_n therefore_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o all_o rigour_n to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o both_o which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 4._o act_n 1._o ses._n charl._n 2._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o such_o sedition_n as_o these_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n since_o the_o make_n of_o bond_n and_o league_n among_o the_o liedge_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o foresay_a 4._o act_n to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a prerogative_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o usurp_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o to_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n simple_o without_o bond_n or_o league_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v treason_n much_o less_o the_o be_v present_a as_o such_o convocation_n though_o in_o arm_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o baxter_n who_o be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o convocation_n raise_v against_o the_o customer_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o naked_a assistance_n at_o such_o meeting_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi be_v not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v death_n but_o only_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 1._o whereby_o all_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o travel_v with_o more_o not_o they_o can_v sustain_v and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o may_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n till_o the_o king_n declare_v his_o will_n and_o by_o the_o 85._o act_n 6._o parl._n i._n 1._o elect_v of_o deacon_n be_v discharge_v as_o sedition_n convocation_n be_v allow_v in_o some_o case_n as_o for_o pursue_v of_o thief_n and_o sorner_n as_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 247._o this_o crime_n of_o simple_a convocation_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v before_o the_o council_n and_o be_v seldom_o punish_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n tanquum_fw-la crimen_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o as_o the_o agradge_v quality_n of_o a_o riot_n or_o other_o crime_n title_n viii_o poison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o poison_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o far_o the_o give_v good_a drug_n irregular_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o the_o poison_a jew_n or_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v punishable_a 4._o whether_o the_o poison_a beast_n or_o field_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o statute_n 5._o whether_o endeavour_n to_o poison_n be_v punishable_a 6._o the_o aggravation_n of_o this_o crime_n 1._o poison_n be_v by_o our_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v treason_n act_n 31.7_o parl._n ja._n 2._o by_o which_o all_o person_n be_v discharge_v to_o bring_v home_o poison_n for_o any_o use_n by_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o that_o be_v convict_v they_o shall_v forefault_v to_o the_o king_n life_n land_n and_o good_n but_o notwithstanding_o of_o these_o word_n for_o any_o manner_n or_o use_n apothecary_n and_o other_o do_v daily_o bring_v home_o poison_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o bring_v the_o same_o home_n not_o as_o poison_n but_o as_o drug_n and_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o liedge_n be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o that_o poison_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o skilful_a man_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n gothofr_v prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o buy_n or_o give_v of_o poison_n be_v declare_v treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o find_v no_o instance_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n where_o any_o have_v be_v convict_v as_o traitor_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a john_n dick_n for_o poison_v his_o brother_n and_o sister_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v but_o be_v not_o forefault_n ult_n march_n 1649._o if_o any_o stranger_n bring_v home_o poison_n any_o manner_n of_o way_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 32._o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o that_o no_o remission_n or_o safe_a conduct_n shall_v be_v profitable_a to_o they_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o severity_n proceed_v from_o the_o abominableness_n of_o that_o crime_n plus_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la hominem_fw-la veneno_fw-la necare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la dicit_fw-la gloss_n in_fw-ge §_o ead_n lâ—ge_a just_a de_fw-fr publicis_fw-la judicibus_fw-la per_fw-la textum_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n for_o he_o to_o who_o poison_n be_v give_v can_v defend_v himself_o and_o poison_n be_v a_o way_n of_o death_n so_o much_o hate_v that_o though_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v execution_n by_o the_o sword_n yet_o it_o have_v never_o allow_v any_o execution_n by_o poison_n those_o who_o give_v poison_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v venenarii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v only_o punish_v capital_o per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n de_fw-fr sicariis_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o adl_v cornel._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n clarus_n quest._n 4._o vers_fw-la fin_fw-fr but_o the_o body_n must_v in_o this_o case_n be_v sight_v by_o physician_n and_o the_o poisonous_a quality_n must_v be_v prove_v the_o buy_n of_o poison_n though_o with_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v thereby_o if_o murder_n do_v not_o actual_o ensue_v be_v not_o think_v capital_a by_o the_o doctor_n but_o only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la gothofred_n prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la num_fw-la 21._o yet_o with_o we_o the_o very_a buy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n capital_a ii_o whether_o to_o give_v drug_n that_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n poisonable_a too_o frequent_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o law_n or_o as_o murder_v or_o be_v punishable_a at_o all_o be_v debate_v in_o kennedy_n case_n the_o 8._o of_o february_n 1676._o and_o that_o it_o be_v punishable_a be_v contend_v because_o venenum_fw-la or_o pharmacon_n be_v in_o law_n nomen_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o express_v good_a drug_n as_o well_o as_o ill_o l._n venenum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n and_o the_o best_a of_o drug_n give_v in_o great_a excess_n be_v poison_n for_o poison_n consist_v in_o excess_n of_o quantity_n as_o well_o as_o quality_n and_o whatever_o overpower_n our_o nature_n be_v poisonable_a to_o we_o and_o since_o the_o one_o may_v kill_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o kill_v be_v that_o which_o be_v punish_v the_o law_n shall_v punish_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o here_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v be_v communicate_v to_o kennedie_n and_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v mere_a poison_n leave_v the_o external_a mark_n after_o death_n shall_v discover_v that_o poison_n be_v give_v but_o that_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o give_v constant_a purgation_n to_o be_v throw_v in_o by_o his_o servant_n in_o his_o drink_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o that_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o disease_n he_o have_v a_o flux_n all_o which_o circumstance_n show_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
punish_v with_o the_o same_o pain_n 3._o by_o constant_a custom_n in_o all_o criminal_a court_n be_v and_o part_n be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a crime_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o think_v the_o foresay_a conclusion_n very_o rigorous_a for_o paena_fw-la est_fw-la commensuranda_fw-la de_fw-fr licto_fw-la and_o to_o punish_v the_o more_o and_o the_o less_o guilty_a equal_o seem_v against_o nature_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o doctor_n accession_n be_v punishable_a according_a to_o their_o proportional_a degree_n of_o guilt_n and_o albeit_o the_o act_n above_o cite_v sustain_v the_o libel_n yet_o it_o ordain_v not_o the_o punishment_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o principal_a offender_n but_o though_o the_o act_n do_v bear_v the_o same_o express_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n a_o statute_n bear_v that_o such_o as_o be_v accessary_a shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v restrict_v ad_fw-la opem_fw-la quae_fw-la dedit_fw-la causam_fw-la maleficio_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la modo_fw-la auxiliandi_fw-la annot_n ad_fw-la clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 28._o it_o will_v therefore_o seem_v just_a that_o not_o only_o the_o justice_n or_o party_n shall_v make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n and_o interpose_v that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v mitigat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o custom_n now_o be_v but_o that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v a_o innate_a power_n to_o proportion_v the_o punishment_n to_o the_o guilt_n prove_v for_o none_o can_v understand_v so_o well_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o justice_n who_o hear_v the_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o the_o poor_a panel_n shall_v lie_v under_o so_o great_a hazard_n as_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o capital_a sentence_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v the_o council_n will_v not_o sit_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o he_o may_v interpose_v with_o they_o some_o crime_n punish_v among_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o in_o use_n with_o we_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o last_o title_n what_o belong_v to_o those_o crime_n which_o our_o law_n punâ—shes_v direct_o i_o resolve_v here_o to_o touch_v overly_o even_o those_o crime_n which_o be_v little_o consider_v among_o we_o not_o only_o that_o we_o may_v thereby_o know_v the_o genius_n of_o that_o wise_a nation_n but_o that_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o far_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o renew_v among_o we_o these_o excellent_a law_n the_o roman_n consider_v how_o destructive_a those_o be_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o endeavour_v by_o all_o indirect_a mean_n to_o screw_v themselves_o into_o public_a employment_n do_v therefore_o make_v this_o indirect_a deal_n to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o call_v it_o ambitus_fw-la which_o punish_v lege_fw-la julia_fw-la those_o who_o give_v money_n for_o make_v themselves_o magistrate_n or_o that_o they_o may_v attain_v to_o honour_n it_o be_v common_o think_v that_o how_o soon_o the_o power_n be_v transfer_v from_o the_o people_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o from_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o prince_n this_o crime_n cease_v because_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o bestow_v magistracy_n and_o honour_n be_v still_o presume_v in_o law_n to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o those_o deserve_v best_a who_o groneveg_v the_o leg_n abrogat_fw-la ad_fw-la h._n t._n but_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o prince_n may_v not_o just_o cause_n punish_v such_o who_o have_v wrong_v both_o the_o public_a interest_n and_o his_o favour_n in_o prostitute_v both_o to_o so_o unworthy_a a_o sale_n and_o since_o commissioner_n for_o parliament_n and_o magistrate_n of_o town_n be_v still_o elect_v by_o plurality_n of_o suffrage_n i_o see_v not_o why_o such_o as_o bribe_v the_o elector_n may_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o accusation_n the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v deportation_n which_o be_v much_o like_o our_o banishment_n and_o in_o the_o less_o town_n it_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_n of_o a_o hundred_o crown_n and_o infamy_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bribe_v i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o such_o residuorum_fw-la crimen_fw-la be_v commit_v by_o he_o who_o convert_v the_o public_a money_n with_o which_o he_o be_v entrust_v to_o his_o own_o private_a use_n and_o be_v punish_v by_o fyne_a he_o who_o be_v guilty_a in_o a_o three_o more_o than_o he_o owe_v this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o no_o express_a law_n with_o we_o but_o that_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n with_o we_o appear_v clear_o from_o its_o be_v except_v from_o the_o late_a act_n of_o indemnity_n among_o the_o other_o crime_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v except_v all_o private_a murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o account_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o have_v intromet_v with_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n public_a imposition_n excise_n fines_n forfeiture_n sequestration_n and_o all_o other_o public_a money_n for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o order_n warrant_v or_o assignment_n for_o their_o own_o private_a use_n or_o for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o due_o count_v and_o receive_v discharge_v thereof_o from_o such_o as_o pretend_v to_o have_v authority_n for_o the_o time_n to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o exchequer_n may_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n if_o commit_v by_o their_o own_o member_n and_o the_o council_n if_o do_v by_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n servant_n since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o majesty_n government_n then_o to_o abstract_n or_o invert_v his_o money_n which_o be_v the_o nerve_n not_o only_o of_o war_n but_o of_o all_o power_n peculatus_fw-la be_v a_o steal_n of_o the_o public_a money_n as_o the_o other_o be_v a_o conceal_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v punish_v in_o public_a minister_n capital_o l._n un_fw-fr c._n h._n t._n though_o other_o theft_n be_v not_o capital_o punish_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o attrocious_a a_o crime_n do_v they_o judge_v the_o breach_n of_o trust_n and_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o public_a minister_n to_o steal_v public_a money_n if_o they_o please_v this_o crime_n be_v certain_o punishable_a with_o we_o by_o death_n since_o all_o theft_n be_v so_o punishable_a plagium_n be_v the_o steal_n of_o man_n and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n 7._o &_o ult_n c._n h._n t._n which_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n exod._n 21.16_o deut._n 24.7_o and_o with_o we_o egyptian_n and_o other_o steal_v child_n have_v be_v likewise_o punish_v by_o death_n and_o such_o as_o force_v away_o man_n to_o be_v soldier_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n though_o the_o council_n use_v to_o punish_v they_o only_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o such_o as_o take_v away_o man_n childeren_n upon_o pretext_n to_o marry_v they_o before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o year_n wherein_o they_o may_v give_v a_o legal_a consent_n which_o be_v 12._o in_o woman_n and_o 14._o in_o man_n ought_v in_o my_o judgement_n to_o be_v so_o punish_v i_o have_v treat_v crimen_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la in_o the_o title_n brybe_a &_o crimen_fw-la annonae_fw-la in_o the_o title_n forestallers_a i_o shall_v end_v this_o first_o part_n relate_v to_o crime_n with_o theophils_n apology_n subjoin_v to_o his_o title_n of_o crime_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finis_fw-la part_n ii_o title_n i._o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o general_n 1._o jurisdiction_n define_v and_o divide_v in_o imperium_fw-la merum_fw-la mixtum_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la 2._o jurisdiction_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o delegat_v 3._o it_o be_v either_o cumulative_a or_o privative_a 4._o how_o a_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v prorogat_n the_o civilian_n do_v treat_v of_o jurisdiction_n very_o learned_o and_o profuse_o but_o since_o most_o of_o their_o dictate_v be_v very_o remote_a from_o our_o practice_n in_o scotland_n i_o resolve_v to_o clear_v only_o such_o general_a term_n as_o be_v borrow_v by_o our_o law_n from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n i._o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o public_a power_n grant_v to_o a_o magistrate_n to_o cognosc_fw-la upon_o and_o determine_v cause_n and_o to_o put_v sentence_n follow_v thereupon_o in_o execution_n in_o such_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o either_o his_o commission_n law_n or_o practic_a do_v allow_v jurisdiction_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n divide_v in_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la abere_fw-la potestatem_fw-la gladii_fw-la ad_fw-la animadvertendum_fw-la in_o facinerofos_fw-la &_o potestatas_fw-la etiam_fw-la appellatur_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la potestas_fw-la qua_fw-la jure_fw-la proprio_fw-la magistratui_fw-la competit_fw-la cui_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la &_o inest_fw-la &_o dicitur_fw-la
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
title_n xv._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o several_a employment_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o court._n 1._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o crime_n in_o greece_n and_o at_o rome_n 2._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o 3._o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a 4._o the_o office_n of_o justice-clerk_n 5._o what_o action_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o justice-court_n 6._o the_o macer_n and_o crowner_n of_o the_o justice-court_n i._o all_z nation_n have_v commit_v the_o cognition_n of_o crime_n to_o the_o wise_a of_o their_o judge_n because_o our_o life_n be_v our_o great_a concern_n and_o if_o the_o judge_n err_v there_o his_o error_n can_v seldom_o be_v repair_v the_o athenian_n have_v the_o areopage_n for_o their_o criminal_a court_n which_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a court_n then_o in_o the_o world_n of_o who_o the_o grecian_n use_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o they_o judge_v homicide_n in_o a_o particular_a place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d institute_v by_o solon_n for_o judge_a crime_n be_v likewise_o 50._o at_o rome_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la judge_v all_o the_o crime_n that_o be_v commit_v within_o the_o town_n &_o intra_fw-la centesimum_fw-la lapidem_fw-la and_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n judge_v crime_n in_o the_o country_n but_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la augustalis_fw-la comes_fw-la orientis_fw-la &_o vicarius_fw-la praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la have_v also_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o justice_n court_n with_o we_o have_v for_o its_o member_n the_o justice-general_n the_o justice-clerk_n the_o justice-deputs_a the_o clerk-depute_a the_o dempster_n the_o officer_n and_o the_o macer_n ii_o the_o justice-general_n be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n either_o ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la or_o by_o a_o temporary_a commission_n but_o still_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n his_o salary_n of_o old_a be_v five_o pound_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n leg_n malcol_n cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3.1_o but_o now_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o ordinary_a salary_n by_o his_o gift_n be_v two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_n to_o be_v uplift_v by_o himself_o out_o of_o the_o fine_n of_o court_n and_o if_o he_o can_v attain_v to_o payment_n that_o way_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o justice-court_n of_o old_a be_v the_o only_a sovereign_a court_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o have_v then_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o session_n have_v now_o for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o recognition_n brieve_v of_o mortancestrie_n dissasine_n purpresture_n and_o distriction_n for_o debt_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o cap_n 5._o num_fw-la 2._o &_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 74._o quon_n att_o cap._n 52._o &_o 53._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 28._o and_o after_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o session_n they_o remain_v still_o judge_n to_o perambulation_n and_o brieve_v be_v direct_v in_o latin_a for_o trial_n thereof_o and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n observe_v ad_fw-la armacurritur_fw-la in_o sinibus_fw-la regundis_fw-la and_o the_o fit_a person_n for_o compese_v such_o tumult_n be_v the_o justice-general_a but_o now_o the_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o session_n cognosce_fw-la such_o case_n and_o i_o have_v cause_v raise_v a_o advocation_n from_o the_o sheriff_n of_o tividale_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o some_o jedburgh_n man_n to_o the_o justice-general_a ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la capite_fw-la the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o advocation_n but_o remit_v the_o case_n back_o to_o the_o sheriff_n who_o they_o find_v also_o competent_a so_o that_o such_o brieu_v may_v yet_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o justice_n general_n though_o he_o have_v not_o a_o privative_a jurisdiction_n therein_o iii_o i_o find_v the_o justice-general_a call_v the_o chief_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o register_n annis_n 1637._o and_o 1638._o and_o the_o principal_a justiciar_n anno_fw-la 1503._o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o definit_a number_n but_o usual_o they_o be_v two_o and_o have_v each_o a_o pension_n from_o his_o majesty_n when_o they_o be_v constitute_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o he_o which_o pass_v the_o privy_a seal_n only_o and_o these_o be_v still_o call_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o be_v not_o deputes_o to_o the_o justice-general_a for_o else_o they_o can_v not_o sit_v in_o judgement_n with_o he_o as_o they_o do_v and_o in_o effect_n they_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n and_o voice_n with_o he_o but_o when_o he_o make_v a_o deput_n he_o shall_v not_o sit_v with_o he_o nam_fw-la delegatus_fw-la non_fw-la simul_fw-la concurrit_fw-la and_o i_o find_v mr._n alexander_n colvil_n call_v in_o his_o gift_n general-justice-deput_a which_o be_v do_v to_o denotat_fw-la the_o universality_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o justice_n in_o that_o part_n such_o as_o be_v these_o nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o justiciary_a over_o their_o own_o land_n and_o in_o binny_v case_n the_o lord_n have_v remit_v he_o to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice-general_a and_o his_o depute_n the_o justice-deputs_a declare_v that_o they_o accept_v only_o of_o the_o remit_v as_o meaning_n they_o be_v his_o majesty_n justice-deputs_a and_o when_o his_o majesty_n direct_v any_o letter_n to_o they_o he_o direct_v it_o to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_v our_o justice-general_a and_o justice-deputs_a of_o old_a i_o find_v there_o be_v eight_o justice-deputs_a the_o justice-deputs_a have_v former_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o the_o council_n which_o be_v very_o fit_a because_o many_o criminal_a case_n come_v in_o before_o they_o and_o they_o retain_v still_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v present_a at_o parliament_n they_o be_v call_v attornati_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la quon_n attach_v c._n 61._o &_o assis_fw-la r._n david_n c._n nullus_fw-la by_o the_o 1._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 3._o session_n 2._o par._n ch._n 2._o the_o office_n of_o justice-deputs_a be_v suppress_v and_o five_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n four_o of_o the_o number_n be_v a_o quorum_fw-la except_o at_o justice_n court_n because_o then_o the_o justice_n be_v divide_v and_o two_o may_v be_v a_o quorum_fw-la their_o present_a habit_n be_v scarlet_a adorn_v with_o white_a and_o this_o i_o find_v the_o king_n of_o old_a have_v vestem_fw-la purpuream_fw-la sed_fw-la albi_fw-la habens_fw-la non_fw-la nihil_fw-la admixtam_fw-la perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n rom._n pag._n 574._o iv._o the_o justice-clerk_n have_v his_o place_n from_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o gift_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o power_n to_o appoint_v depute_n for_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v answerable_a and_o be_v call_v in_o his_o gift_n clericus_fw-la nostrae_fw-la justiciariae_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o justice-clerk_n be_v a_o judge_n or_o a_o clerk_n only_o have_v be_v doubt_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n appear_v not_o only_o from_o our_o inviolable_a present_a custom_n wherein_o he_o sit_v and_o preside_v when_o the_o justice-general_a be_v not_o present_a and_o takes_z precedency_n from_o the_o other_o justice-deputs_a but_o likewise_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o expense_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v modify_v to_o the_o party_n cleanse_v by_o the_o â—ustice_n justice-clerk_n and_o their_o depute_n sed_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la that_o modification_n of_o expense_n be_v a_o judicial_a sentence_n at_o least_o be_v actus_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o jurisdictio_fw-la tantum_fw-la explicaâ—i_fw-la potest_fw-la per_fw-la judicem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la peractuarium_fw-la vel_fw-la referendarium_fw-la as_o to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n of_o justice-clerk_n it_o be_v receive_v by_o tradition_n that_o because_o clerici_fw-la or_o churchman_n of_o old_a can_v not_o sit_v in_o criminal_a court_n see_v the_o law_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n therefore_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o nominat_fw-la a_o clerk_n who_o may_v represent_v they_o who_o be_v therefore_o call_v non_fw-la clericus_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la the_o clerk_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n but_o justiciarius_fw-la clericus_fw-la yet_o this_o seem_v a_o groundless_a conjecture_n for_o in_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v churchman_n sit_v upon_o blood_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o deput_n &_o qui_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facit_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o for_o their_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o evidence_n that_o he_o be_v clerk_n of_o the_o court_n the_o clerk_n who_o officiat_n have_v his_o place_n by_o deputation_n from_o he_o and_o be_v call_v deput_n to_o my_o lord_n justice-clerk_n nor_o can_v he_o deput_fw-la clerk_n except_o he_o be_v principal_a clerk_n
the_o sheriff_n shall_v still_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v but_o with_o we_o those_o ubi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suarum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequuntur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la in_o anticategoriis_fw-la the_o accuser_n must_v still_o find_v caution_n wherein_o we_o do_v very_o reasonable_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o defender_n be_v as_o much_o prejudge_v and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o trouble_v if_o these_o pretext_n be_v allow_v to_o palliate_v the_o pursuer_n malice_n as_o general_o he_o can_v be_v in_o other_o case_n in_o this_o likewise_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o compearance_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v by_o the_o letter_n by_o which_o the_o messenger_n be_v command_v to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n if_o within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o summons_n be_v execute_v against_o he_o he_o find_v not_o caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a which_o caution_n though_o it_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o messenger_n the_o messenger_n may_v still_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n for_o not_o find_v of_o caution_n and_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o private_a party_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n na_o in_o eo_fw-la non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la calumnia_fw-la yet_o the_o advocate_n in_o our_o practic_n do_v ordinary_o oblige_v his_o informer_n to_o find_v caution_n else_o he_o refuse_v he_o his_o concourse_n if_o the_o accuser_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v calumnious_a or_o as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o in_o the_o wrong_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o party_n a_o unlaw_n of_o ten_o pound_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 6._o act_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o deed_n than_o one_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o twenty_o pound_n and_o likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o defender_n expense_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_v speak_v only_o of_o not_o prevail_v though_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la litigandi_fw-la but_o if_o their_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o inflict_v what_o punishment_n they_o please_v either_o in_o that_o same_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v absolve_v or_o upon_o a_o separate_a bill_n or_o pursuit_n as_o also_o he_o be_v by_o the_o justice_n constant_o ordain_v to_o pay_v what_o damnage_n and_o interest_n or_o expense_n the_o justice_n please_v both_o to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o albeit_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n fisci_fw-la non_fw-la praesumebatur_fw-la calumniosus_fw-la yet_o si_fw-fr procurator_n fiscalis_fw-la calumniose_fw-la instigat_fw-la judicem_fw-la ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o damna_fw-la actione_n injuriarum_fw-la &_o concremari_fw-la debet_fw-la l._n universi_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la causa_fw-la fiscal_v etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n hodie_fw-la &_o judex_fw-la &_o procurator_n fisci_fw-la affectate_v consequentes_fw-la crimen_fw-la extraordinary_a sunt_fw-la punendi_fw-la q._n ix_o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o because_o many_o poor_a person_n be_v malicious_o or_o ignorant_o imprison_v that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n shall_v imprison_v none_o but_o where_o one_o shall_v find_v caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o insist_v against_o they_o and_o to_o aliment_v they_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v appoint_v a_o procurator_n dwell_v within_o edinburgh_n to_o who_o the_o justice_n might_n intimate_fw-la when_o they_o desire_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v the_o 5._o of_o july_n 1661._o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o exp_v very_o speedy_o and_o for_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v appoint_v to_o visit_v the_o prison_n every_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celeriter_fw-la judicari_fw-la basil._n l._n 21._o the_o custod_a reor_fw-la title_n xx._n of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 1._o whether_o a_o procurator_n shall_v be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o his_o absence_n 2._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v deput_n when_o he_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi he_o have_v also_o other_o privilege_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n procurator_n be_v admit_v in_o defence_n 4._o what_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v allow_v in_o criminal_n the_o doctor_n make_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la simplicem_fw-la allegatorem_fw-la who_o can_v only_o propon_n what_o be_v nottour_n as_o that_o the_o party_n cite_v be_v know_v to_o be_v sick_a &_o procuratorem_fw-la who_o must_v have_v a_o mandat_fw-la and_o may_v propon_n declinator_n or_o dilator_n &_o defensorem_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la who_o not_o only_o can_v propon_n dilator_n but_o may_v likewise_o defend_v et_fw-la advocatus_fw-la semper_fw-la neputatur_fw-la defensor_fw-la and_o needs_o no_o mandat_fw-la but_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o must_v have_v a_o procuratory_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o pursue_v nor_o defend_v l._n ult_n §_o ad_fw-la crimen_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n jud_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o most_o nation_n a_o procurator_n be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v for_o paena_fw-la talionis_fw-la be_v now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n the_o pursuer_n personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a clar._n fin_n quest_n 14._o n._n 22._o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a ne_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddatur_fw-la elusorium_fw-la with_o we_o procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o yet_o this_o appear_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o defender_n shall_v desire_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v swear_v the_o libel_n the_o diet_n will_v desert_n if_o this_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o procurator_n and_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la a_o day_n may_v be_v take_v to_o produce_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n we_o call_v swear_v the_o libel_n in_o criminal_n yet_o see_v all_o criminal_a diet_n be_v peremptor_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a for_o else_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n such_o as_o be_v the_o pursuer_n oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi himself_z be_v present_a and_o refuse_v no_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o his_o instance_n likea_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_v it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v the_o witness_n good_a deed_n or_o that_o he_o know_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v alibi_fw-la by_o all_o which_o it_o will_v seem_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v still_o be_v present_a yet_o this_o be_v express_o repel_v 4._o august_n 1652._o where_o ballindalloch_n be_v pursue_v john_n grant_v but_o there_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o ballindalloch_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pursuer_n himself_o and_o the_o remanent_fw-la be_v his_o servant_n ii_o albeit_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o most_o case_n yet_o he_o use_v ordinary_o to_o constitute_v a_o deput_n who_o shall_v produce_v a_o write_a warrant_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n else_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o this_o deput_n can_v desert_v a_o diet_n though_o his_o procuratory_n do_v not_o instruct_v he_o with_o a_o particular_a power_n for_o that_o effect_n 29._o november_n 1638._o mr._n george_n norvel_v procurator_n for_o mr._n john_n rollo_n which_o be_v constant_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v a_o summons_n of_o treason_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n or_o a_o particular_a order_n from_o the_o council_n which_o he_o use_v to_o produce_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la and_o be_v still_o mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o adjournal_n book_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ochiltree_n and_o balmerinoch_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n with_o we_o examine_v party_n and_o witness_n before_o the_o process_n be_v intent_a which_o he_o do_v upon_o pretext_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o know_v how_o to_o libel_v exact_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o vex_v party_n if_o he_o find_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o pursuit_n but_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v always_o think_v this_o procedur_n dangerous_a for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v still_o a_o party_n interest_v and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o witness_n for_o thereby_o he_o may_v strain_v from_o they_o what_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o depon_n and_o if_o in_o our_o last_o reformation_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n shall_v not_o make_v the_o roll_n of_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v too_o much_o interest_v much_o
make_v thereanent_a and_o if_o he_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n initimation_n be_v always_o make_v by_o you_o to_o we_o of_o the_o find_v thereof_o that_o you_o summon_v a_o assize_n hereto_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 45._o person_n together_o with_o sick_a witness_n as_o best_o know_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o premise_n who_o name_n you_o shall_v receive_v in_o the_o roll_n subscribe_v by_o the_o complainer_n or_o either_o of_o they_o ilk_fw-mi person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o 100_o mark_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o exit_fw-la deliberatione_n the_o form_n of_o a_o indictment_n be_v thus_o a_o indictment_n for_o sameikle_a as_o the_o abominable_a vile_a and_o filthy_a vice_n of_o incest_n be_v so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o be_v the_o same_o eternal_a god_n his_o express_a word_n so_o clear_o condemn_v therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n out_o of_o his_o godly_a disposition_n and_o zeal_n by_o diverse_a his_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_o statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n commit_v the_o say_v abominable_a crime_n of_o incest_n shall_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o the_o say_n act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o the_o say_v a.b._n be_v marry_v with_o his_o lawful_a spouse_n daughter_n to_o c._n most_o shameful_o but_o fear_v of_o god_n or_o respect_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n law_n have_v give_v the_o use_n of_o his_o body_n to_o d._n his_o wife_n â—ister_n in_o the_o month_n of_o 〈…〉_z in_o he_o and_o her_o journey_v betwixt_o the_o burgh_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o town_n of_o elgin_n and_o within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o elgin_n in_o the_o which_o filthy_a and_o incestuous_a copulation_n she_o have_v procreate_v a_o bairn_n commit_v therethrough_a the_o say_v filthy_a crime_n of_o incest_n and_o adultery_n to_o the_o high_a offence_n and_o displeasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n violation_n of_o the_o king_n majesti_n law_n and_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o run_v in_o the_o like_o filthy_a and_o abominable_a vice_n if_o the_o famine_n be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v unpunished_a as_o at_o length_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o say_a dittay_n produce_v against_o he_o etc._n etc._n v._o the_o summons_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o a_o messenger_n at_o arm_n or_o by_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o 125._o act_n parl._n 12._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o letter_n and_o summons_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n or_o by_o macer_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o macer_n of_o the_o criminal_a court_n for_o the_o macer_n of_o the_o council_n or_o exchequer_n or_o session_n can_v execute_v any_o other_o summons_n but_o what_o be_v pursue_v before_o these_o respective_a court_n to_o which_o they_o be_v macer_n the_o form_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o full_a copy_n of_o the_o letter_n deliver_v to_o the_o defender_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v or_o if_o he_o can_v be_v personal_o apprehend_v to_o his_o wife_n or_o servant_n or_o affix_v upon_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o dwell_a house_n if_o he_o any_o have_v and_o proclamation_n at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o a_o copy_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o person_n than_o two_o and_o all_o be_v call_v for_o one_o deed_n and_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n two_o of_o the_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o two_o of_o the_o principal_n name_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n or_o their_o wife_n etc._n etc._n in_o manner_n foresay_a be_v sufficient_a q_o m._n 6._o p._n cap_n 33._o but_o if_o the_o person_n live_v in_o shire_n or_o country_n ubi_fw-la non_fw-la patet_fw-la tutus_fw-la accessus_fw-la the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o letter_n pass_v use_v to_o contain_v a_o privilege_n for_o cite_v they_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o letter_n bear_v their_o word_n and_o failze_v thereof_o by_o open_a procamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_v of_o our_o burgh_n of_o etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v break_v man_n have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n and_o haunt_v and_o frequent_v with_o other_o break_a man_n where_o our_o officer_n dare_v not_o resort_v for_o fear_v of_o their_o life_n with_o the_o whilk_fw-mi charge_n swa_o to_o be_v give_v we_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o our_o council_n by_o their_o present_n dispense_v and_o admit_v the_o famine_n to_o be_v as_o lawful_a and_o safficient_a as_o if_o ilk_fw-mi a_fw-mi of_o they_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v this_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v citatio_fw-la edictalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o must_v be_v cite_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n peir_n and_o shoar_n of_o leith_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nota_fw-la though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a bear_v not_o a_o full_a copy_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v give_v for_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v peremptor_n the_o summons_n be_v not_o give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o defender_n shall_v have_v a_o full_a copy_n that_o he_o may_v come_v instruct_v how_o to_o defend_v and_o that_o he_o may_v timeous_o raise_v exculpation_n and_o if_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v not_o give_v the_o execution_n have_v be_v find_v null_n in_o totum_fw-la and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v null_a anno_fw-la 1665._o livingstoun_n contra_fw-la leith_n and_o though_o some_o think_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o short_a copy_n be_v give_v the_o summons_n shall_v be_v only_o give_v up_o to_o a_o short_a day_n but_o the_o execution_n shall_v not_o be_v null_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o opinion_n be_v not_o find_v 1._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v the_o execution_n to_o be_v null_a where_o a_o copy_n be_v not_o give_v 2._o the_o give_v up_o to_o see_v can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o the_o party_n have_v get_v a_o full_a copy_n at_o home_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v he_o have_v raise_v exculpation_n and_o cite_v the_o witness_n therefore_o upon_o the_o place_n their_o execution_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o executer_n and_o stamp_v and_o seal_v before_o witness_n else_o they_o be_v null_a act_n 32._o parl._n 5._o i._o 3._o and_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v direct_a general_o against_o complice_n but_o the_o particular_a crime_n of_o every_o defender_n shall_v be_v express_v ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 76._o and_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 85._o and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n all_o criminal_a letter_n which_o import_n tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o movable_a good_n when_o they_o be_v execute_v by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o mercat_n cross_n shall_v be_v execute_v betwixt_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o morning_n and_o twelve_o hour_n at_o noon_n though_o former_o when_o a_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n his_o indictment_n may_v have_v be_v give_v he_o upon_o twenty_o four_o hour_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o robertson_n in_o july_n 1673._o that_o a_o panel_n in_o prison_n shall_v have_v fifteen_o day_n at_o least_o that_o he_o may_v within_o that_o time_n either_o raise_v a_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n or_o may_v take_v out_o diligence_n for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o witness_n or_o assize_n and_o that_o conform_v to_o the_o eleven_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n concern_v the_o justice_n court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v then_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o indulgence_n in_o that_o article_n and_o correctory_n law_n such_o as_o the_o regulation_n be_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o letter_n especial_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o murderer_n take_v with_o reid_v hand_n and_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v against_o such_o by_o our_o old_a law_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n which_o reply_n be_v repel_v in_o respect_n it_o be_v duply_v for_o the_o panel_n that_o though_o the_o law_n do_v not_o express_v the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v indulge_v to_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v yet_o it_o have_v express_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o this_o indulgence_n be_v to_o be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o party_n may_v either_o exculpat_v himself_o or_o cast_v the_o witness_n or_o assizer_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o he_o the_o law_n can_v not_o but_o allow_v a_o time_n sufficient_a for_o do_v that_o diligence_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a
genere_fw-la malitiae_fw-la so_o that_o every_o one_o have_v power_n to_o pursue_v a_o crime_n or_o a_o crime_n be_v declare_v public_a by_o a_o express_a law_n be_v not_o the_o true_a constitutive_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o public_a crime_n and_o a_o private_a but_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o for_o when_o the_o kingdom_n or_o state_n do_v find_v that_o any_o crime_n be_v of_o dangerous_a and_o universal_a consequence_n than_o they_o allow_v very_o just_o that_o every_o private_a man_n may_v accuse_v with_o we_o in_o scotland_n the_o vestige_n of_o this_o distinction_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v for_o albeit_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v yet_o no_o other_o person_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v any_o crime_n nisi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequatur_fw-la and_o that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v not_o pursue_v in_o all_o crime_n be_v clear_a from_o c._n 2._o lib._n 4._o reg._n maj._n where_o in_o treason_n it_o be_v say_v that_o every_o man_n may_v pursue_v which_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n if_o every_o person_n may_v pursue_v in_o every_o crime_n and_o thus_o m_o c_o call_v have_v raise_v letter_n in_o his_o own_o name_n against_o charles_n lindsay_n for_o kill_v his_o father_n in_o july_n 1668._o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o pursuit_n at_o his_o instance_n because_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v son_n to_o the_o defunct_a and_o since_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n represent_v in_o all_o criminal_a pursuit_n the_o public_a and_o as_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v not_o refuse_v his_o concourse_n so_o he_o will_v be_v punish_v if_o he_o refuse_v the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o inconvenient_a and_o unnecessary_a that_o every_o private_a man_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o liberty_n of_o pursue_v crime_n in_o which_o he_o be_v not_o interest_v this_o distinction_n be_v much_o abuse_v in_o the_o book_n of_o reg._n maj._n for_o in_o they_o public_a murder_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n and_o private_a murder_n which_o be_v commit_v without_o be_v know_v to_o any_o but_o the_o person_n who_o be_v complice_n stat_fw-la malcom_n 2._o c._n 15._o two_o the_o civil_a law_n likewise_o divide_v crime_n in_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a extraordinary_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o law_n have_v appoint_v no_o particular_a punishment_n ordinary_a crime_n be_v such_o as_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o liquid_a pain_n determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v crimen_fw-la legittimum_fw-la iii_o crime_n be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v capital_a or_o not_o capital_a capital_a crime_n be_v such_o as_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n banishment_n or_o loss_n of_o liberty_n so_o call_v à _fw-la capitis_fw-la diminutione_n but_o with_o we_o these_o crime_n be_v only_o call_v capital_a which_o be_v punishable_a by_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n iu_o crime_n be_v either_o occult_a or_o manifest_v occult_a crime_n be_v these_o which_o either_o be_v occult_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o hamesucken_v conspiracy_n adultery_n or_o such_o as_o be_v occult_a by_o accident_n such_o as_o murder_v commit_v by_o innkeeper_n upon_o their_o guest_n though_o murder_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v not_o occult_a since_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o open_o commit_v this_o division_n be_v consider_v by_o lawyer_n either_o in_o order_n to_o probation_n because_o in_o occult_a crime_n less_o exact_a probation_n be_v accept_v and_o thus_o with_o we_o the_o be_v robe_v at_o sea_n be_v find_v probable_a by_o these_o in_o the_o ship_n because_o no_o other_o probation_n can_v be_v have_v there_o and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o crime_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a or_o they_o consider_v this_o division_n with_o respect_n to_o prescription_n because_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o when_o a_o statute_n appoint_v a_o crime_n to_o be_v pursue_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n that_o time_n shall_v run_v in_o occult_a crime_n from_o the_o time_n the_o crime_n be_v commit_v or_o from_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v in_o occult_a crime_n also_o torture_n be_v admit_v more_o easy_o then_o in_o other_o crime_n v._o crime_n be_v divide_v in_o such_o as_o be_v atrocious_a and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o atrocious_a crime_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o guilt_n be_v very_o great_a vi_o in_o scotland_n crime_n be_v divide_v in_o statutory_a and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o punish_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n as_o common_a adultery_n bestiality_n etc._n etc._n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v controvert_v in_o the_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n jan._n 1666._o that_o the_o poynd_n of_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v can_v not_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n because_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a statute_n yet_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la it_o be_v forbid_v by_o a_o statute_n it_o be_v in_o so_o far_o a_o crime_n because_o authority_n be_v thereby_o contemn_v especial_o have_v be_v former_o declare_v a_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o adultery_n albeit_o it_o be_v not_o notour_n shall_v be_v a_o crime_n albeit_o its_o penalty_n be_v not_o express_v by_o a_o statute_n and_o with_o we_o especial_o of_o old_a it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o forbid_v crime_n without_o express_a sanction_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n likeas_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n extraordinary_a crime_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v forbid_v by_o law_n but_o where_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o determine_v from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n consist_v in_o its_o be_v forbid_v and_o not_o in_o have_v its_o punishment_n state_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n though_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v otherwise_o what_o crime_n be_v call_v crime_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v treat_v large_o title_n regality_n what_o crime_n be_v call_v crimina_fw-la excepta_fw-la be_v declare_v in_o the_o title_n treason_n title_n iii_o blasphemy_n 1_o what_o be_v blasphemy_n 2_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o blasphemy_n 3_o whether_o ignorance_n repentance_n or_o raillery_n be_v good_a defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n 4_o what_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n by_o the_o common-law_n 5_o what_o by_o our_o statute_n 6_o curse_v of_o parent_n and_o swear_v how_o punish_v blasphemy_n be_v call_v in_o law_n divine_a laese_n majesty_n or_o treason_n and_o it_o be_v commit_v either_o by_o deny_v that_o of_o god_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o one_o of_o his_o attribute_n or_o by_o attribute_v to_o he_o that_o which_o be_v absurd_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o his_o divine_a nature_n ii_o these_o who_o swear_v by_o the_o head_n or_o foot_n of_o god_n be_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o common_a law_n c._n 51._o si_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la capillum_fw-la 22._o quest_n 1._o videntur_fw-la enim_fw-la amplecti_fw-la anthropomorphitarum_fw-la haeresin_fw-la quae_fw-la membra_fw-la deo_fw-la tribuebat_fw-la by_o that_o cannon_n they_o be_v also_o punishable_a who_o delate_v not_o blasphemer_n albeit_o regular_o what_o be_v speak_v in_o passion_n be_v more_o moderate_o punish_v yet_o it_o lessen_v not_o a_o blasphemer_n crime_n hostien_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr maled_n except_o he_o speak_v at_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o clear_o indicat_o that_o he_o be_v furious_a or_o somewhat_o distract_v or_o if_o he_o recover_v himself_o and_o testify_v immediate_o his_o contrition_n thus_o socin_n relate_v consilio_fw-la 102._o that_o a_o jew_n who_o have_v deny_v the_o omnipotence_n of_o god_n be_v absolve_v from_o a_o pursuit_n of_o blasphemy_n because_o he_o immediate_o throw_v himself_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o kiss_v it_o and_o testify_v a_o extraordinar_a horror_n which_o lawyer_n say_v be_v a_o extraordinar_a punishment_n and_o oftentimes_o exceed_v the_o fear_n of_o death_n and_o there_o be_v some_o lawyer_n as_o abbas_n &_o felin_n ad_fw-la cap._n 13._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la jur_fw-la who_o conclude_v that_o either_o he_o who_o blasphem_n passionate_o be_v unlawful_o employ_v when_o he_o fall_v into_o that_o passion_n as_o in_o play_v at_o card_n drink_v etc._n etc._n and_o then_o his_o passion_n do_v not_o lessen_v his_o crime_n but_o if_o he_o be_v honest_o employ_v as_o do_v business_n treat_v for_o his_o friend_n and_o then_o if_o he_o blaspheme_v only_o in_o passion_n it_o lessen_v his_o guilt_n and_o shall_v mitigat_n his_o punishment_n but_o why_o shall_v passion_n excuse_v blasphemy_n more_o than_o murder_n if_o it_o be_v not_o because_o the_o fall_n can_v be_v repair_v by_o repentance_n a_o man_n be_v kill_v but_o the_o fault_n in_o blasphemy_n may_v be_v extinguish_v by_o repentance_n iii_o clarus_n think_v
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
bona_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr delicto_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la divi_z fratres_fw-la rescripserunt_fw-la l._n 1._o ne_fw-la quis_fw-la absens_fw-la puniatur_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utimur_fw-la ne_fw-la absens_fw-la damnetur_fw-la and_o that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v receive_v against_o absent_v in_o treason_n be_v clear_a by_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o albeit_o per_fw-mi extrav_fw-mi constitutionem_fw-la hen._n 7._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v receive_v in_o absence_n yet_o this_o be_v repute_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o no_o nation_n and_o by_o that_o extravagant_a constitution_n this_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o species_n of_o treason_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o albeit_o treason_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n punish_v after_o death_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v from_o that_o infer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o absence_n since_o after_o death_n the_o malice_n of_o unjust_a pursuer_n ordinary_o cease_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o death_n be_v then_o over_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o the_o pursuit_n be_v not_o so_o terrible_a nor_o dangerous_a and_o in_o these_o process_n the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v call_v who_o may_v propound_v against_o both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whatever_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o defunct_a whereas_o when_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v in_o absence_n for_o treason_n no_o man_n can_v in_o our_o law_n be_v admit_v to_o propound_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o his_o contumacy_n then_o if_o he_o compear_v to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o will_v prove_v too_o much_o for_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v as_o well_o press_v in_o absent_v for_o all_o other_o crime_n and_o against_o such_o as_o be_v absent_v in_o all_o the_o several_a inditement_n of_o treason_n and_o yet_o the_o justice_n be_v never_o allow_v even_o by_o the_o late_a act_n to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o the_o true_a answer_n to_o this_o seem_a absurdity_n be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o inhuman_a as_o to_o punish_v equal_o presume_v and_o real_a guilt_n what_o may_v be_v a_o crime_n as_o what_o be_v find_v one_o and_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o find_v that_o man_n have_v be_v absent_a rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o prevail_a faction_n or_o corrupt_a witness_n or_o by_o inadvertence_n or_o not_o be_v true_o cite_v or_o by_o be_v violent_o detain_v then_o out_o of_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n yet_o since_o so_o judicious_a a_o person_n propose_v this_o overture_n and_o since_o council_n session_n and_o parliament_n have_v fortify_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n i_o submit_v my_o judgement_n to_o their_o determination_n xxiv_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o his_o majesty_n to_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o private_a warrant_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n or_o as_o you_o shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o we_o and_o the_o certification_n here_o be_v indefinite_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v in_o case_n of_o contravention_n and_o 1._o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o contraveener_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o guilty_a of_o treason_n for_o only_a law_n can_v make_v traitor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o may_v be_v punish_v arbitrary_o if_o the_o command_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o case_n of_o importance_n since_o even_o inferior_a judge_n may_v punish_v such_o as_o contemn_v or_o disobey_v they_o in_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o jurisdiction_n likeas_n lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o obediens_fw-la praecepto_fw-la superioris_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la indignationis_fw-la est_fw-la arbitrarie_a puniendus_fw-la cabal_n casu_fw-la 30._o bald._n in_o l._n legis_fw-la virtus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib_n menoch_n case_z 365._o but_o in_o that_o case_n they_o determine_v that_o the_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n and_o though_o some_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n more_o severe_o than_o omission_n yet_o i_o conceive_v some_o omission_n may_v infer_v great_a contempt_n and_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o commission_n nor_o allow_v i_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o lucas_n de_fw-fr penna_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n ut_fw-la dignit_fw-la ord_n servet_fw-la who_o say_v that_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o if_o one_o be_v command_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o to_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o a_o enemy_n that_o then_o the_o contempt_n be_v to_o be_v severe_o punish_v by_o death_n but_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o mean_v than_o the_o contempt_n be_v only_o punishable_a arbitrary_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o make_v it_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o the_o person_n command_v be_v a_o soldier_n or_o one_o who_o be_v oblige_v by_o acceptation_n of_o his_o office_n to_o obey_v under_o that_o peril_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v rather_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o command_n as_o use_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n if_o contemn_v such_o as_o military_a command_n and_o in_o these_o the_o contempt_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n for_o custom_n come_v in_o place_n of_o law_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la who_o have_v undertake_v such_o a_o employment_n as_o require_v such_o obedience_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v any_o country_n gentleman_n or_o lawyer_n to_o fortify_v or_o keep_v a_o castle_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o their_o omission_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o lose_v of_o the_o prince_n favour_n &_o quod_fw-la princeps_fw-la non_fw-la exhibebit_fw-la se_fw-la gratiosum_fw-la which_o bartol_n make_v the_o punishment_n of_o that_o disobedience_n in_o all_o case_n ad_fw-la extrav_fw-mi qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o laese_n majesty_n be_v death_n l._n 5._o c._n h._n t._n animae_fw-la omissio_fw-la as_o justinian_n call_v it_o in_o his_o institution_n together_o with_o the_o confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o treason_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o his_o estate_n lie_v elsewhere_o c._n 2._o the_o constil_n in_o 6._o so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n his_o estate_n in_o france_n do_v not_o forfeit_a with_o we_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n be_v death_n and_o confiscation_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o traitor_n estate_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a feudal_n or_o allodial_a and_o the_o solemnity_n use_v in_o parliament_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o such_o sentence_n be_v that_o the_o panel_n receive_v his_o sentence_n kneel_v and_o that_o after_o the_o doom_n of_o the_o forefaulter_n be_v pronounce_v against_o he_o the_o lion_n and_o his_o brethren_n herald_n come_v in_o in_o their_o formality_n and_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o throne_n and_o thereafter_o hang_v up_o his_o escurchion_n reverse_v upon_o the_o cross_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a custom_n for_o as_o tacit_fw-la observe_v lib._n 5._o deterrere_fw-la omnes_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la culpa_fw-la volebant_fw-la non_fw-la poenae_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la mâ—tu_fw-la ut_fw-la nomen_fw-la è_fw-la fastis_fw-la deleretur_fw-la &_o effigy_n tolleretur_fw-la which_o be_v likewise_o clear_a l._n 24._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o flanders_n be_v clear_a by_o perez_n h._n t._n moribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la insignia_fw-la gentilia_fw-la delentur_fw-la &_o destruuntur_fw-la but_o this_o i_o think_v shall_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o other_o treason_n perez_n ibid._n num_fw-la 19_o another_o speciality_n introduce_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o perduellion_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v that_o memoria_fw-la damnabatur_fw-la and_o that_o his_o child_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o bruik_v any_o estate_n or_o office_n which_o the_o emperor_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n l._n 5._o c._n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n maj._n call_v a_o mitigation_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o child_n who_o as_o they_o say_v shall_v have_v die_v for_o their_o father_n crime_n but_o this_o be_v so_o unjust_a that_o no_o nation_n do_v now_o use_v it_o as_o matheus_n observe_v p._n 352._o and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o l._n crimen_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o the_o scripture_n deut._n chap._n 24._o vers._n 16._o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o amazias_n 2_o king_n 14.5_o 6._o will_v not_o kill_v such_o
power_n of_o every_o malicious_a rascal_n to_o wrong_v the_o most_o innocent_a for_o either_o he_o behove_v to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v or_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n and_o by_o the_o say_a act_n it_o be_v only_o declare_v leisum_n to_o punish_v but_o not_o necessary_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n murderer_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la for_o fault_n their_o movable_n and_o both_o in_o that_o and_o in_o murder_n upon_o misadventure_n for_o so_o they_o call_v casual_a homicide_n the_o murderer_n must_v have_v a_o pardon_n statute_n 6._o e._n 1._o cap._n 9_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n say_v bolton_n the_o law_n have_v to_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 16._o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n he_o who_o kill_v though_o in_o self-defence_n needs_o a_o pardon_n but_o the_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n can_v refuse_v to_o grant_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o their_o lawyer_n call_v that_o pardon_n gratia_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cod._n fabr_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 10._o but_o with_o we_o no_o pardon_n be_v requisite_a albeit_o it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n to_o take_v remission_n in_o such_o case_n bear_v self-defence_n in_o their_o narrative_a iii_o this_o moderation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v exceed_v in_o these_o three_o viz._n in_o arm_n 2._o in_o time_n 3._o in_o the_o measure_n of_o follow_v striking_z etc._n etc._n this_o moderation_n be_v exceed_v in_o arm_n as_o if_o the_o aggressor_n have_v only_o a_o staff_n and_o the_o defender_n wound_v he_o with_o a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n the_o defender_n be_v in_o that_o case_n punishable_a for_o there_o weâ—e_v no_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n shall_v have_v have_v any_o feâ—r_n of_o his_o life_n nec_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dubio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la constitutus_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o conclusion_n be_v not_o infallible_a for_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v much_o weak_a than_o the_o aggressor_n he_o may_v be_v excuse_v to_o use_v such_o unequal_a weapon_n the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o time_n if_o he_o strike_v the_o aggressor_n ante_fw-la quam_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la occidendi_fw-la for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o every_o man_n upon_o the_o first_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n to_o kill_v the_o aggressor_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o any_o aggressor_n threaten_v to_o kill_v if_o the_o defender_n who_o know_v not_o when_o the_o threat_n may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n may_v immediate_o kill_v there_o be_v probable_a reason_n to_o be_v urge_v for_o either_o opinion_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n yet_o if_o the_o aggressor_n be_v know_v to_o have_v any_o design_n to_o murder_n or_o be_v a_o person_n who_o use_v to_o execute_v what_o he_o threaten_v and_o if_o he_o have_v a_o sword_n though_o not_o draw_v or_o a_o pistol_n though_o not_o cock_v for_o if_o he_o have_v either_o of_o these_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o he_o may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v because_o he_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la offendendi_fw-la and_o no_o man_n shall_v wait_v till_o he_o be_v kill_v i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v yet_o the_o defender_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o self-defence_n and_o albeit_o he_o may_v be_v arbitrary_o punish_v yet_o he_o can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o many_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o threaten_v to_o kill_v may_v be_v kill_v which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o the_o law_n look_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a as_o do_v if_o it_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o he_o who_o design_n what_o be_v unlawful_a â—_o there_o be_v great_a fear_n from_o some_o threat_n then_o from_o wound_n and_o therefore_o see_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v these_o who_o assault_v we_o with_o wound_v why_o not_o and_o he_o who_o threaten_v 3_o d._n per._n l._n 1._o c._n quando_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la etc._n etc._n mortem_fw-la inquit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quam_fw-la minabatur_fw-la accipiet_fw-la &_o id_fw-la quod_fw-la intendebat_fw-la incurrat_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o friend_n of_o the_o threatener_n complain_v see_v the_o aggressor_n be_v in_o effect_n author_n of_o his_o own_o death_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o defender_n have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v yet_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v minae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n but_o sustain_v it_o joint_o with_o the_o aggressor_n fyre_v a_o pistol_n though_o it_o mis-gave_a and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v flee_v january_n 1668._o sinclar_fw-la contra_fw-la barclay_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n insultatus_fw-la debet_fw-la fugere_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n he_o who_o be_v invade_v be_v oblige_v to_o flee_v as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v as_o to_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n bolt_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 17._o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civilian_n a_o person_n invade_v be_v not_o oblige_v to_o flee_v far_o farin_n quest_n 125._o p._n 2._o it_o may_v be_v probable_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v alone_o in_o a_o house_n or_o place_n with_o the_o aggressor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o help_n that_o upon_o threaten_v or_o other_o probable_a design_n lay_v against_o his_o life_n he_o may_v kill_v the_o aggressor_n and_o from_o which_o may_v be_v deduce_v that_o the_o actus_fw-la proximus_fw-la which_o lawyer_n speak_v of_o must_v not_o be_v interpret_v only_o the_o have_v a_o sword_n draw_v for_o if_o a_o strong_a man_n have_v a_o weak_a in_o a_o lock_v house_n and_o threaten_v he_o may_v kill_v he_o though_o asleep_o if_o he_o can_v otherways_o escape_v the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o the_o measure_n also_o if_o he_o kill_v he_o for_o wound_v who_o he_o may_v have_v shun_v or_o if_o he_o follow_v the_o aggressor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o full_o lawful_a yet_o fugientem_fw-la persequens_fw-la dumodo_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la actu_fw-la non_fw-la punitur_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la occiderit_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 168._o novemb_v 7._o and_o albeit_o much_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o to_o all_o the_o three_o arma_fw-la tempus_fw-la &_o modus_fw-la yet_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v that_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v only_o in_o either_o of_o the_o three_o as_o v_o g._n in_o the_o arm_n or_o time_n the_o excess_n be_v say_v to_o be_v culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la and_o no_o way_n punishable_a if_o in_o two_o of_o these_o as_o in_o time_n and_o arm_n than_o it_o be_v account_v culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la and_o be_v somewhat_o â—â—nishable_a but_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v in_o all_o the_o three_o as_o in_o time_n arm_n way_n of_o prosecution_n than_o it_o be_v culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o if_o he_o have_v dolose_o murder_v for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o civilibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la numquam_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la ubi_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la paena_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictiva_fw-la far._n quest_n 125._o part_n 6._o it_o iâ—_n also_o controvert_v among_o lawyer_n if_o see_v honour_n be_v as_o dear_a as_o life_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o asperse_v our_o honour_n as_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o assault_v our_o life_n and_o albeit_o farinacius_n be_v of_o the_o judgement_n that_o he_o who_o be_v thus_o provockt_v be_v a_o person_n of_o far_o more_o eminent_a condition_n than_o the_o injurer_n kill_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o murderer_n sed_fw-la pena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la injuria_fw-la sit_fw-la verbalis_fw-la yet_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o err_v in_o that_o position_n for_o in_o effect_n that_o be_v not_o self-defence_n because_o the_o verbal_a injury_n can_v be_v retreat_v nor_o retain_v but_o it_o be_v revenge_v yet_o dolour_n iustùs_fw-la aliquando_fw-la operatur_fw-la ut_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la temperetur_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 237_o but_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o kill_v and_o such_o other_o injury_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la revocari_fw-la gothofr_n prax_fw-la crim_n §_o homicida_fw-la n._n 25._o and_o albeit_o this_o hold_n in_o verbal_a injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honomr_n ubi_fw-la nescit_fw-la vox_fw-la missa_fw-la reverti_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honour_n be_v real_a and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v stop_v as_o by_o command_v a_o eminent_a person_n to_o loose_v down_o his_o breeches_n to_o be_v whip_v or_o do_v any_o most_o ignominous_o servile_a act_n to_o the_o aggressor_n in_o that_o caise_n i_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o
yet_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o committer_n be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o he_o he_o commit_v murder_n tho._n aquix_fw-la 22._o quest_n 69._o act_n because_o he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o that_o case_n to_o evite_v murder_n since_o what_o he_o do_v be_v unlawful_a but_o i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v thus_o reconcile_v viz._n if_o the_o committer_n do_v what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o what_o be_v criminal_a he_o shall_v be_v liable_a or_o if_o what_o he_o do_v may_v probable_o produce_v ill_a consequence_n and_o murder_n though_o he_o design_v not_o the_o same_o in_o all_o which_o case_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v liable_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o kill_v when_o he_o be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a may_v be_v arbitrar_o punish_v though_o he_o do_v exact_a diligence_n to_o shun_v kill_v viii_o when_o homicide_n be_v casual_o commit_v some_o think_v that_o because_o there_o be_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v therefore_o the_o killer_n ought_v no_o way_n to_o be_v punish_v other_o think_v he_o liable_a to_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o fine_a &_o quod_fw-la wergeldum_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la we_o semb_v parat_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n num_fw-la 27._o a_o three_o sect_n of_o lawyer_n distinguish_v so_o that_o if_o there_o proceed_v no_o fault_n in_o the_o committer_n than_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o no_o fine_a or_o to_o no_o punishment_n but_o that_o he_o be_v if_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o precede_v but_o it_o seem_v that_o if_o any_o fault_n precede_v the_o murder_n be_v not_o casual_a but_o be_v culposum_fw-la and_o so_o the_o distinction_n meet_v not_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o by_o lib._n 1._o s._n 3._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cor._n de_fw-fr sicar_n all_o casual_a homicide_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n and_o since_o some_o lawyer_n think_v that_o murder_n in_o self-defence_n excuse_v not_o from_o all_o punishment_n much_o less_o aught_o casual_a murder_n since_o self-defence_n want_v not_o only_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v but_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o itself_o ix_o homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a slaughter_n be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v not_o design_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v commit_v mere_o by_o accident_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v hound_n a_o dog_n at_o another_o who_o shall_v bite_v he_o at_o who_o he_o be_v hound_v so_o that_o he_o shall_v by_o thereby_o or_o if_o one_o shall_v strike_v with_o a_o batton_n when_o he_o have_v a_o sword_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrar_o but_o because_o aberat_fw-la animus_n occidendi_fw-la this_o be_v not_o proper_o murder_n and_o so_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o these_o circumstance_n which_o attend_v the_o fact_n for_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n the_o doctor_n say_v that_o either_o the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a only_o of_o culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la aut_fw-la levissima_fw-la and_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n inter_fw-la homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la culpam_fw-la levem_fw-la aut_fw-la levissimam_fw-la commissum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o nicolson_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la or_o culposum_fw-la for_o in_o struggle_v his_o gun_n be_v a_o half-bend_a go_v off_o nor_o know_v he_o ever_o the_o defunct_a and_o so_o can_v have_v no_o malice_n against_o he_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o carry_v of_o gun_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n and_o he_o the_o defunct_a be_v in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la nor_o shall_v he_o have_v carry_v a_o gun_n which_o use_v to_o go_v off_o &_o versans_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excusatur_fw-la which_o reply_v the_o justice_n repel_v june_n 24._o 1673._o for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o law_n against_o wear_v gun_n be_v in_o desuetude_n as_o to_o fowler_n who_o trade_n it_o be_v &_o omni_fw-la culpa_fw-la caret_fw-la qui_fw-la facit_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la facere_fw-la solent_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrar_o but_o not_o by_o death_n nam_fw-la lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la nunquam_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la ubi_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la paena_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictivae_fw-la x._o since_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v depend_v much_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o wound_v give_v lawyer_n conclude_v that_o wheâ—e_v the_o wound_n be_v not_o deadly_a or_o vulnus_fw-la lethale_n as_o they_o call_v it_o the_o inflicter_n of_o the_o wound_n can_v be_v punish_v though_o the_o party_n wound_v thereafter_o die_v and_o though_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o party_n live_v three_o day_n after_o the_o receive_n of_o the_o wound_n the_o wound_n be_v thereby_o presume_v not_o to_o be_v mortal_a accur_v in_o l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr emendat_fw-la seru._n yet_o general_o this_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v in_o this_o to_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o physician_n or_o of_o one_o physician_n if_o more_o be_v not_o present_a but_o if_o they_o vary_v than_o the_o judge_n shall_v incline_v to_o punish_v not_o by_o death_n but_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n for_o murder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v infer_v but_o from_o a_o conclude_a probation_n gail_n observe_v 111._o lib._n 2._o and_o if_o the_o wound_n be_v but_o small_a and_o a_o fever_n follow_v than_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o party_n die_v rather_o of_o a_o fever_n then_o of_o the_o wound_n especial_o if_o the_o person_n wound_v walk_v a_o foot_n for_o forty_o day_n gomes_n var._n resol_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 3._o and_o yet_o in_o december_n 1669._o m_o r._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n of_o bessy_n rentoun_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o say_v bailzie_n get_v only_o a_o wound_n with_o a_o batton_n that_o she_o never_o take_v head_n but_o travel_v five_o mile_n that_o night_n a_o foot_n and_o serve_v as_o a_o ordinary_a servant_n eight_o month_n thereafter_o till_o she_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n with_o which_o her_o brother_n infect_v she_o all_o which_o be_v repel_v because_o this_o alledgance_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v mortal_a and_o though_o where_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o libel_v express_o to_o be_v mortal_a such_o a_o defence_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v intervallum_fw-la temporis_fw-la or_o supervenientia_fw-la febris_fw-la yet_o these_o nor_o no_o presumption_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v where_o the_o wound_n be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v lethal_a but_o this_o decision_n be_v so_o ill_o like_v that_o the_o council_n recomend_v m_o r._n william_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o grant_v he_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o judge_n may_v be_v so_o arbitrary_a in_o so_o great_a a_o concern_n i_o shall_v wish_v that_o the_o various_a period_n of_o nature_n in_o its_o cure_n and_o the_o various_a determination_n of_o judge_n be_v as_o to_o the_o criminal_a procedor_fw-la fix_v to_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o that_o therefore_o see_v ordinary_o wound_n that_o be_v mortal_a do_v kill_v the_o receiver_n in_o forty_o day_n i_o wish_v that_o it_o be_v therefore_o general_o conclude_v that_o he_o who_o die_v thereafter_o die_v not_o of_o his_o wound_n if_o he_o have_v walk_v afoot_n till_o that_o time_n vid._n zack_n quest._n medicolegal_a but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o the_o person_n wound_v die_v within_o year_n and_o day_n after_o his_o wound_n it_o be_v presume_v he_o die_v of_o his_o wound_n cook_n p._n 53._o there_o be_v another_o decision_n upon_o this_o subject_a the_o 13._o of_o july_n 1674._o james_n mason_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a ralstoun_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n since_o ralstoun_n follow_v he_o all_o that_o day_n from_o house_n to_o house_n and_o have_v at_o last_o put_v violent_a hand_n in_o the_o panel_n he_o be_v force_v to_o throw_v he_o off_o he_o and_o his_o head_n fall_v upon_o a_o stool_n and_o bleed_v which_o wound_v he_o take_v no_o pain_n to_o cure_v but_o stay_v in_o the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o though_o the_o wound_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v mortal_a by_o the_o chirurgeon_n yet_o by_o cold_a and_o drink_v he_o kill_v himself_o ex_fw-la malo_fw-la regimine_fw-la and_o when_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o can_v not_o amount_v to_o self-defence_n since_o the_o killer_n be_v not_o in_o periculo_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la constitutus_fw-la it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o violence_n do_v be_v
as_o a_o murderer_n because_o he_o be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o kill_v and_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v propose_v to_o the_o council_n what_o seizer_n shall_v do_v in_o case_n of_o resistance_n but_o they_o will_v have_v authorize_v they_o to_o kill_v nor_o can_v their_o act_n receive_v complete_a obedience_n in_o case_n of_o resistance_n for_o else_o such_o as_o resolve_v to_o contraveen_n may_v secure_v themselves_o by_o their_o resistance_n and_o the_o council_n by_o empower_v to_o sink_v the_o boat_n where_o the_o victual_n be_v do_v very_o clear_o empower_v the_o kill_n of_o such_o as_o resist_v for_o they_o may_v have_v be_v sink_v in_o the_o boat_n and_o he_o who_o be_v allow_v to_o sink_v a_o boat_n be_v allow_v to_o sink_v all_o who_o be_v in_o it_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o defence_n the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v ordain_v to_o lose_v his_o head_n but_o the_o parliament_n have_v thereafter_o that_o same_o month_n allow_v by_o their_o act_n such_o as_o resist_v to_o be_v kill_v the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n be_v thereupon_o remit_v as_o to_o the_o crime_n but_o be_v never_o readmit_v to_o his_o church_n some_o militia_n soldier_n also_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_n 3._o febr._n 1674._o allege_a that_o they_o can_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o murderer_n since_o if_o they_o kill_v it_o be_v in_o prosecution_n of_o their_o officer_n order_n for_o they_o be_v send_v to_o poynd_n be_v resist_v and_o though_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o opposition_n to_o the_o poynd_n can_v not_o warrant_n kill_v but_o they_o may_v have_v pursue_v a_o riot_n this_o be_v allege_v not_o to_o be_v relevant_a because_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la who_o oppose_v and_o soldier_n must_v do_v effectual_o what_o be_v command_v and_o their_o officer_n may_v shoot_v they_o if_o they_o return_v without_o effectuate_a what_o be_v command_v and_o military_a command_n must_v not_o be_v delay_v nor_o oppose_v like_o other_o command_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o debate_n they_o be_v find_v guilty_a xix_o it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a occidere_fw-la hannitum_fw-la a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n non_fw-la licet_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n ut_fw-la vim_o n._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr inst_n &_o jure_fw-la but_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o particular_a place_n they_o all_o conclude_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a ob_fw-la quietem_fw-la publicam_fw-la and_o by_o our_o old_a decision_n that_o the_o kill_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o slaughter_n or_o other_o crime_n be_v not_o criminal_a january_n 1600._o guthrie_n contra_fw-la jarden_n but_o by_o the_o foresay_a 22._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o kill_v such_o as_o be_v denounce_v or_o declare_v rebel_n for_o capital_a crime_n or_o such_o as_o defend_v these_o rebel_n may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v whereby_o it_o be_v employ_v that_o such_o as_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o other_o crime_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v and_o such_o can_v not_o be_v lawful_o kill_v who_o be_v only_o at_o the_o horn_n for_o pecunial_a cause_n and_o any_o statute_n allow_v to_o kill_v such_o will_v be_v null_a clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 53._o but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v what_o be_v these_o criminal_a cause_n for_o which_o one_o at_o the_o horn_n may_v be_v kill_v for_o clear_n whereof_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o remember_v that_o the_o doctor_n allow_v only_o such_o to_o be_v kill_v who_o be_v banniti_fw-la ob_fw-la grave_n delictum_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 53._o and_o in_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o rebel_n have_v deserve_v death_n if_o he_o have_v appear_v for_o it_o seem_v rigid_a and_o unjust_a that_o wherever_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o summons_n be_v criminal_a the_o party_n be_v denounce_v may_v be_v kill_v or_o that_o when_o ever_o the_o rebel_n be_v denounce_v for_o absence_n from_o a_o justice-court_n he_o may_v be_v kill_v see_v the_o common-good_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o law_n do_v not_o require_v nor_o in_o effect_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o their_o interpretation_n 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o who_o kill_v a_o rebel_n for_o private_a revenge_n and_o not_o ob_fw-la vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la will_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o defence_n of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o instance_n anno_fw-la 1600._o where_o robert_n auchmoutic_a be_v pursue_v for_o the_o slaughter_n of_o james_n wanchop_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o defunct_a be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o receipt_v a_o traitor_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o panel_n kill_v he_o upon_o a_o private_a quarrel_n for_o have_v converse_v with_o the_o defunct_a long_o after_o he_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o that_o cause_n but_o that_o he_o kill_v he_o in_o a_o duel_n upon_o a_o private_a quarrel_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o panel_n defence_n be_v repel_v and_o he_o put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o thereafter_o behead_v and_o yet_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n of_o opinion_n that_o bannito_o occiso_fw-la per_fw-la inimicum_fw-la occidens_fw-la non_fw-la reputatur_fw-la homicida_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o he_o will_v not_o have_v right_a to_o the_o reward_n promise_v for_o kill_v the_o rebel_n caravet_fw-la in_o prag_n 1._o de_fw-la exul_fw-la num_fw-la 134._o and_o enemy_n be_v these_o who_o most_o probable_o will_v execute_v this_o public_a justice_n which_o the_o law_n design_n and_o see_v our_o late_a act_n make_v no_o distinction_n betwixt_o such_o as_o kill_v upon_o public_a and_o private_a revenge_n i_o believe_v that_o the_o case_n now_o have_v no_o difficulty_n and_o that_o now_o the_o killer_n in_o both_o case_n will_v be_v free_a from_o punishment_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o he_o who_o will_v kill_v a_o rebel_n in_o a_o combat_n may_v yet_o be_v pannel_v for_o contraveen_v that_o act_n anent_o duel_n for_o though_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v a_o rebel_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o lawful_o fight_v a_o duel_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o who_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n be_v not_o lawful_o denounce_v v_o g._n if_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o time_n of_o the_o charge_n or_o that_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o stamp_v or_o want_v some_o solemnity_n if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o killer_n will_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o defence_n i_o find_v likewise_o propon_v in_o the_o former_a case_n and_o yet_o repel_v and_o very_o just_o for_o a_o private_a person_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o know_v these_o nullity_n if_o any_o man_n resist_v the_o execution_n of_o his_o majesty_n law_n by_o messenger_n or_o other_o public_a servant_n in_o that_o case_n the_o messenger_z can_v proceed_v to_o kill_v as_o be_v find_v in_o john_n mackintosh_n case_n may_v 11._o 1673._o but_o if_o the_o resister_n do_v also_o proceed_v to_o offer_v violence_n by_o draw_v upon_o the_o messenger_n in_o that_o case_n the_o messenger_n may_v kill_v he_o lawful_o without_o necessity_n of_o prove_v that_o he_o will_v have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n if_o he_o have_v not_o kill_v though_o private_a person_n can_v kill_v when_o they_o be_v invade_v except_o they_o be_v by_o that_o invasion_n put_v in_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n xx._n albeit_o ordinary_o death_n and_o the_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n be_v the_o punishment_n of_o murder_n and_o that_o the_o life-rent_a of_o the_o murderer_n do_v not_o thereby_o fall_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o life-rent_a fall_n as_o by_o the_o 118_o act_n 12._o par._n ja._n 6._o these_o who_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n for_o slay_v man_n in_o the_o church_n or_o churchyard_n in_o the_o time_n of_o prayer_n preach_v or_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n their_o life-rent_n present_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o regulariter_fw-la life-rent_a escheits_fw-mi fall_v to_o the_o respective_a superior_n and_o the_o receipter_n do_v likewise_o loose_v their_o life-rent_a escheat_n declarator_n be_v first_o pass_v upon_o the_o receipt_n it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v if_o these_o word_n the_o time_n of_o divine_a service_n may_v extend_v to_o slaughter_n commit_v the_o time_n of_o preach_v etc._n etc._n albeit_o there_o be_v no_o preach_v or_o prayer_n for_o the_o time_n there_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v see_v the_o 39_o act_n of_o the_o 6._o par._n q._n m._n anent_o remove_v be_v so_o interpret_v for_o by_o that_o act_n warn_v of_o tenant_n shall_v be_v use_v at_o the_o paroch_n church_n the_o time_n of_o preach_v or_o prayer_n which_o word_n be_v thus_o interpret_v the_o time_n that_o preach_a use_n to_o be_v though_o there_o be_v none_o at_o the_o time_n
by_o the_o 219._o act_n par._n 14._o ja._n 6._o if_o either_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n in_o civil_a pursuit_n kill_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o killer_n be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n either_o for_o not_o compearance_n at_o the_o diet_n or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n he_o lose_v his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o upon_o the_o denounciation_n xxi_o murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n malcol_n 2._o c._n 11._o and_o therefore_o the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o commission_n can_v be_v grant_v for_o trial_n thereof_o act_n 74._o ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o albeit_o it_o be_v now_o most_o ordinar_n to_o grant_v such_o commission_n and_o yet_o this_o act_n be_v allege_v against_o one_o of_o those_o commissioner_n before_o the_o council_n they_o do_v recall_v the_o same_o but_o if_o the_o murderer_n be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n by_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o judge_n ordinar_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o murder_n be_v bailable_a ja._n 3._o par._n 6._o c._n 42._o but_o slaughter_v take_v red_a hand_n be_v not_o bailable_a but_o the_o committer_n thereof_o shall_v be_v judge_v within_o that_o sun_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89.95_o and_o if_o the_o baron_n or_o sheriff_n proceed_v not_o within_o that_o time_n the_o cognition_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o justice_n for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o murder_n upon_o citation_n xxii_o by_o several_a old_a act_n i_o find_v that_o the_o sheriff_n when_o a_o murder_n be_v commit_v may_v raise_v the_o king_n horn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o hue_n and_o cry_n hoesium_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a translation_n call_v it_o upon_o the_o murder_n and_o follow_v he_o out_o of_o his_o sheriffdom_n and_o send_v letter_n to_o the_o next_o and_o he_o to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o till_o he_o be_v take_v and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v take_v justice_n shall_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v send_v from_o sheriff_n to_o sheriff_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o if_o he_o be_v not_o take_v red_a hand_n the_o sheriff_n can_v proceed_v against_o he_o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o he_o may_v if_o he_o be_v take_v within_o forty_o day_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89._o which_o i_o find_v no_o where_o abrogate_a nor_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrair_a except_o only_a hop_n assertion_n in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n and_o that_o may_v be_v interpret_v also_o of_o cognition_n after_o the_o forty_o day_n be_v expire_v by_o the_o 50._o act_n of_o the_o 6._o par._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o sheriff_n in_o the_o former_a case_n may_v proclaim_v the_o murderer_n fugitive_a and_o forbid_v all_o the_o liege_n to_o receipt_n he_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o lose_v life_n and_o good_n but_o this_o power_n be_v also_o absolet_n and_o the_o receipt_a murderer_n seem_v not_o any_o accession_n except_o other_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v as_o if_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o receipter_n account_n in_o which_o case_n receipt_v may_v be_v arbitrarlily_n punish_v but_o of_o this_o i_o find_v no_o formal_a decision_n only_o the_o register_n mention_v that_o thomas_n brice_n be_v accuse_v for_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n who_o have_v murder_v fairhop_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n can_v be_v no_o crime_n nam_fw-la proximitas_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la tollit_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la criminis_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la clar._n quest_n 110._o num_fw-la 54._o &_o l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n and_o receipt_n can_v only_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n in_o our_o law_n after_o the_o committer_n be_v denounce_v and_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v obtain_v against_o they_o which_o defence_n be_v think_v so_o relevant_a that_o the_o justice_n demure_v upon_o it_o but_o this_o receive_v no_o decision_n xxiii_o when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o forethought_a felony_n the_o king_n can_v by_o our_o law_n grant_v no_o remission_n for_o the_o murder_n ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 63._o and_o ja._n 6._o cap._n 13._o cap._n 169._o but_o yet_o remission_n be_v daily_o grant_v for_o such_o murderer_n and_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithnes_n case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o these_o act_n be_v by_o the_o style_n but_o temporary_a acts._n but_o all_o such_o remission_n be_v null_a except_o the_o offender_n offer_v to_o assith_v the_o party_n which_o assithment_n be_v modify_v by_o the_o council_n and_o the_o party_n can_v propon_n upon_o his_o remission_n till_o he_o find_v present_a caution_n to_o satisfy_v what_o shall_v be_v modify_v within_o forty_o day_n or_o else_o he_o must_v during_o these_o forty_o day_n go_v to_o prison_n and_o if_o payment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o forty_o day_n his_o remission_n be_v null_a ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 75._o assassinii_fw-la crimen_fw-la or_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o assassination_n be_v to_o murder_v a_o man_n for_o money_n and_o this_o species_n be_v introduce_v first_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr homicide_n cap._n 6._o and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o assassini_n who_o be_v a_o tribe_n of_o the_o phoenician_n and_o who_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v christian_n be_v true_o mahumetan_n that_o they_o may_v kill_v christian_n and_o therefore_o and_o because_o the_o foresay_a canon_n speak_v only_o of_o christian_n it_o be_v still_o conclude_v that_o only_o such_o as_o kill_v christian_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n assassinat_n and_o the_o killer_n of_o a_o jew_n be_v find_v no_o assassinate_n cavall_n h._n t._n num_fw-la 475._o and_o yet_o matheus_n think_v that_o all_o kill_n for_o money_n be_v assassination_n for_o this_o crime_n be_v found_v upon_o nature_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n be_v as_o far_o against_o nature_n as_o to_o kill_v a_o christian_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a scandal_n upon_o our_o religion_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n because_o it_o reproach_n we_o among_o infidel_n the_o specialty_n introduce_v in_o this_o crime_n be_v that_o the_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v for_o money_n be_v a_o crime_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o that_o assassination_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o can_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n or_o girth_n cabal_n num_fw-la 501.515.526_o and_o though_o the_o foresay_a canon_n run_v only_o against_o such_o as_o undertake_v to_o kill_v for_o money_n yet_o the_o conducer_n or_o such_o as_o entreat_v they_o to_o kill_v be_v also_o assassinat_n gomez_n 3._o resol_n 3._o num_fw-la 10._o math._n pag._n 521._o but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o observance_n with_o we_o except_o as_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n from_o which_o all_o such_o as_o commit_v murder_n under_o trust_n or_o per_fw-la insidias_fw-la which_o that_o act_n call_v assassinium_fw-la only_o be_v express_o exclude_v act_n 35._o part_n 5._o i._o 3._o title_n xii_o of_o duel_n 1._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o duel_n allow_v of_o old_a by_o other_o nation_n 2._o what_o duel_n be_v allow_v of_o old_a in_o scotland_n 3._o how_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v challenge_n be_v punishable_a though_o no_o combat_n follow_v 4._o the_o way_n of_o libel_v use_v in_o this_o case_n 5._o whether_o duel_v for_o reparation_n of_o honour_n be_v lawful_a where_o no_o other_o reparation_n can_v be_v have_v 6._o what_o must_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o crime_n 7._o whether_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a who_o kill_v in_o a_o rancounter_n only_o or_o he_o who_o tell_v the_o provooker_n that_o he_o be_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n 8._o the_o punishment_n of_o duel_n and_o who_o be_v account_v art_n and_o part_n duel_n be_v but_o illustrious_a and_o honourable_a murder_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v subjoin_v this_o title_n to_o the_o title_n of_o homicide_n this_o be_v that_o imperious_a crime_n which_o triumph_v over_o both_o public_a revenge_n and_o private_a virtue_n and_o trample_v proud_o upon_o both_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o life_n of_o our_o enemy_n courage_n think_v law_n here_o to_o be_v but_o pedantrie_n and_o honour_n persuade_v man_n that_o obedience_n here_o be_v cowardliness_n i._o we_o find_v no_o such_o crime_n as_o this_o among_o the_o roman_n because_o that_o wise_a nation_n employ_v their_o life_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o not_o against_o their_o fellow-citizen_n and_o the_o true_a trial_n of_o courage_n among_o they_o be_v fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o rome_n duel_n be_v either_o judicial_a or_o extrajudicial_a judicial_a duel_n be_v these_o which_o be_v allow_v by_o
punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vel_fw-la doloris_fw-la impatientia_fw-la for_o the_o first_o they_o punish_v as_o murder_n but_o the_o last_o they_o favour_v with_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nay_o and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o for_o make_v themselves_o away_o to_o evite_v thereby_o idolatry_n or_o pollution_n have_v be_v account_v as_o martyr_n thus_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o adauctus_n have_v kill_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deflower_v it_o be_v doubt_v if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v number_v among_o the_o martyr_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cedren_n pag._n 220._o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v report_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 17._o of_o a_o noble_a lady_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o maxentius_n but_o our_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o such_o pretext_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o colour_v all_o base_a design_n and_o allow_v none_o to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n have_v make_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n dobbie_n cite_v by_o craig_n diage_n de_fw-fr regal_a and_o to_o allow_v this_o be_v to_o feed_v despair_n and_o to_o make_v patience_n and_o long-suffering_a to_o be_v no_o virtue_n ii_o yet_o furiosity_n and_o madness_n aught_o to_o defend_v against_o all_o punishment_n in_o this_o case_n since_o a_o furious_a person_n have_v no_o will_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o the_o will_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o crime_n nor_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o punish_v then_o infant_n be_v to_o who_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o fury_n also_o defend_v against_o treason_n blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n which_o be_v more_o atrocious_a crime_n than_o self-murder_n &_o facti_fw-la infelicitas_fw-la furiosum_fw-la defendere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o can_v well_o understand_v wherefore_o in_o dobby_n case_n as_o craig_n relate_v it_o the_o lord_n repel_v the_o defence_n of_o furiosity_n and_o find_v that_o even_o furious_a person_n ought_v to_o lose_v their_o movable_n if_o they_o kill_v themselves_o but_o i_o think_v the_o fury_n there_o have_v not_o be_v strong_o qualify_v and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o melancholy_n for_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o that_o decision_n be_v because_o the_o lord_n think_v no_o man_n will_v kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o distract_v and_o so_o it_o distraction_n can_v defend_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o against_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n it_o will_v defend_v all_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o so_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n but_o this_o must_v be_v interpret_v of_o some_o degree_n of_o madness_n for_o sure_o no_o man_n kill_v himself_o except_o he_o who_o be_v somewhat_o mad_a nor_o do_v hypochondric_n fit_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o madness_n defend_v against_o this_o confiscation_n but_o a_o total_a aberration_n from_o reason_n can_v but_o defend_v which_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n bolton_n cap._n 11._o lib._n 1._o and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o must_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o various_a circumstance_n which_o attend_v such_o disease_n and_o from_o the_o declaration_n of_o physician_n who_o wait_v upon_o they_o whether_o one_o who_o be_v mad_a but_o have_v lucid_a interval_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o his_o madness_n or_o lucid_a interval_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o depend_v much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o since_o none_o use_v to_o kill_v themselves_o except_o under_o some_o distemper_n so_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o humane_a to_o refer_v this_o kill_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hour_n of_o madness_n except_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o killer_n use_v even_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n to_o wish_v he_o be_v dead_a or_o to_o commend_v self-murder_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 289._o iii_o a_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a as_o self-murder_n if_o the_o killer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o effectuate_v it_o as_o if_o he_o hang_v himself_o but_o be_v immediate_o cut_v down_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n wound_v himself_o mortal_o though_o he_o live_v year_n and_o day_n thereafter_o his_o good_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n bolton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o iv._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n thus_o if_o a_o man_n will_v starve_v himself_o to_o death_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n but_o the_o design_n must_v be_v clear_o prove_v since_o as_o many_o innocent_a people_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o have_v kill_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v fast_v either_o through_o pain_n or_o necessity_n v._o when_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_o his_o majesty_n gift_n his_o escheat_n and_o the_o donator_n pursue_v a_o general_a declarator_n thereupon_o wherein_o he_o call_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v there_o that_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n he_o have_v get_v kill_v himself_o which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o clear_a and_o convince_a evidence_n such_o as_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o a_o paper_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n wherein_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o discontent_n and_o why_o he_o kill_v himself_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o these_o case_n wherein_o they_o design_v thereby_o to_o justify_v to_o the_o world_n this_o horrid_a act_n but_o i_o think_v presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a here_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o violent_a but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v confiscation_n for_o though_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o crime_n to_o infer_v capital_a punishment_n yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o sustain_v to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n or_o other_o civil_a effect_n and_o if_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o this_o case_n self-murder_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o committer_n choose_v retire_v place_n and_o quiet_a time_n for_o execute_v their_o wicked_a design_n and_o who_o can_v say_v but_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v know_v to_o have_v express_v much_o despair_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n and_o be_v find_v with_o the_o door_n close_v and_o hang_v in_o his_o own_o garter_n but_o that_o these_o presumption_n will_v infer_v confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n by_o our_o practice_n their_o declarator_n have_v be_v sustain_v before_o the_o lord_n upon_o probation_n of_o the_o self-murder_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o any_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o some_o think_v such_o a_o previous_a trial_n not_o necessary_a for_o all_o trial_n before_o they_o be_v by_o assizer_n and_o dead_a man_n can_v be_v try_v by_o a_o assize_n but_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o all_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v all_o try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n jurisdiction_n be_v here_o found_v ratione_fw-la incidentiae_fw-la and_o that_o many_o crime_n be_v try_v before_o they_o as_o fall_v incident_o in_o other_o civil_a case_n yet_o even_o in_o falsehood_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o deed_n itself_o yet_o no_o man_n escheat_n fall_v upon_o their_o decreet_a though_o he_o be_v find_v a_o falsary_a by_o they_o till_o he_o be_v also_o try_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o escheat_n fall_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o sentence_n only_o nor_o have_v this_o exception_n be_v yet_o repel_v as_o to_o self-murder_n so_o that_o res_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la integrae_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v declare_v be_v yet_o alive_a so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v try_v before_o a_o assize_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o kill_v himself_o for_o some_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o prevent_v as_o have_v be_v say_v former_o and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a title_n fourteen_o parricide_n 1_o to_o what_o degree_n reach_v parricide_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2_o to_o what_o degree_n by_o our_o law_n 3_o whether_o do_v the_o act_n 220._o ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o extend_v to_o descendants_n 4_o whether_o do_v that_o statute_n extend_v to_o bastard_n 5_o the_o punishment_n of_o parricide_n by_o that_o statute_n 6_o the_o 20._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o concern_v beat_n of_o parent_n explain_v 7_o how_o the_o murder_a of_o child_n be_v punish_v 8_o
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
that_o verdict_n see_v as_o be_v very_o well_o urge_v there_o many_o probation_n will_v infer_v single_a adultery_n or_o a_o divorce_n which_o will_v not_o infer_v notour_fw-fr adultery_n and_o capital_a punishment_n but_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o decreet_a of_o the_o commissary_n shall_v not_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o ordinar_n adultery_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n see_v no_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o one_o case_n which_o can_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o causa_fw-la civilis_fw-la &_o criminalis_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la arbitrariam_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la probationem_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o probation_n in_o criminal_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o the_o assize_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v 1._o the_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v approbation_n 2._o this_o may_v be_v likeways_o object_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v there_o admit_v but_o betwixt_o these_o two_o decreet_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v punish_v falsehood_n themselves_o and_o so_o their_o decreet_a shall_v be_v a_o full_a probation_n because_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a even_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o commissary_n who_o can_v inflict_v no_o criminal_a punishment_n at_o all_o for_o adultery_n ix_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v excuse_v a_o man_n from_o adultery_n who_o apprehend_v upon_o just_a reason_n that_o his_o wife_n be_v dead_a matryed_z another_o or_o the_o wife_n who_o marry_v a_o second_o husband_n l._n 11._o §_o 12._o ff_n h._n t._n mulier_fw-la cum_fw-la audisset_fw-la absentem_fw-la virum_fw-la defunctum_fw-la esse_fw-la alii_fw-la se_fw-la junxit_fw-la &_o faâ—sis_fw-la rumoribus_fw-la inducta_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la verisimile_fw-la est_fw-la deceptam_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nihil_fw-la vindicte_fw-la dignum_fw-la videri_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o l._n pen._n dicit_fw-la adulterium_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la non_fw-la committi_fw-la upon_o which_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n novemb_n 7._o 1673._o for_o john_n frazer_n be_v indict_v for_o notour_n adultery_n with_o helen_n guthrie_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o he_o have_v marry_v this_o helen_n lawful_o after_o he_o have_v get_v testificat_o upon_o oath_n to_o prove_v that_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v dead_a in_o virginia_n whereupon_o he_o get_v a_o warrant_n from_o the_o presbytery_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o marry_v and_o be_v according_o proclaim_v and_o marry_v and_o if_o a_o false_a rumour_n be_v sufficient_a to_o clear_v from_o adultery_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o adultery_n without_o dole_n and_o a_o fraudulent_a design_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o former_a law_n and_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr delict_n car_fw-fr quest_n 140._o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n who_o have_v marry_v authore_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la who_o be_v judge_n competent_a and_o who_o be_v induce_v thereto_o not_o only_o by_o report_n but_o by_o testificat_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o he_o be_v a_o adulterer_n who_o lie_v with_o another_o woman_n whilst_o his_o wife_n live_v and_o as_o rumour_n can_v dissolve_v marriage_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o defend_v against_o adultery_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o every_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a of_o his_o wife_n to_o raise_v rumour_n concern_v her_o death_n and_o thereby_o authorise_v himself_o in_o marry_v another_o 2._o though_o rumour_n be_v sufficient_a they_o behove_v to_o be_v rumour_n constant_o and_o common_o report_v but_o here_o be_v only_o one_o testificar_n and_o this_o testificat_fw-la can_v be_v no_o warrant_n since_o it_o be_v but_o a_o single_a testimony_n nor_o do_v it_o bear_v that_o the_o say_v margarat_n hait_o who_o die_v there_o be_v know_v to_o he_o to_o be_v spouse_n to_o john_n frazer_n but_o only_o in_o general_n that_o one_o margaret_n hait_o die_v there_o and_o there_o may_v have_v be_v more_o of_o that_o name_n 3._o though_o rumour_n may_v excuse_v yet_o that_o can_v only_o be_v after_o a_o long_a absence_n &_o longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n cite_v by_o the_o panel_n whereas_o here_o she_o be_v only_o absent_a three_o year_n and_o the_o ignorance_n behove_v to_o be_v invincible_a whereas_o here_o it_o be_v only_o ignorantia_fw-la affectata_fw-la for_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o stay_v within_o twelve_o mile_n of_o the_o panel_n father_n house_n and_o be_v know_v by_o all_o the_o country_n to_o live_v there_o and_o though_o her_o mother_n and_o relation_n live_v at_o edinburgh_n in_o one_o town_n with_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o never_o ask_v at_o her_o mother_n if_o she_o be_v dead_a 4._o a_o man_n who_o wife_n divert_v from_o he_o aught_o to_o summon_v she_o to_o adher_n and_o so_o procure_v a_o divorce_n by_o the_o commissary_n and_o though_o rumour_n and_o praesumption_n can_v infer_v a_o full_a probation_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o what_o be_v lead_v and_o prove_v before_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a and_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o presbytery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a since_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n and_o this_o be_v procure_v periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la no_o person_n be_v cite_v upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n repel_v the_o defence_n and_o the_o say_v john_n frazer_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n be_v find_v guilty_a but_o do_v thereafter_o procure_v a_o remission_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v clear_v that_o bigamy_n may_v be_v also_o pursue_v as_o notour_n adultery_n but_o the_o woman_n who_o know_v not_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o punish_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 85._o hoc_fw-la tit_n x._o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v likewise_o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a for_o notour_n adultery_n and_o not_o for_o single_a adultery_n &_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v lead_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v single_a adultery_n though_o not_o notour_n adultery_n if_o the_o assize_n shall_v file_v or_o not_o for_o the_o negative_a it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o single_a and_o notour_n adultery_n be_v different_a crime_n and_o the_o libel_n be_v different_a and_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o prove_v and_o therefore_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o file_v and_o if_o they_o do_v their_o sentence_n be_v null_a even_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n where_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v reduce_v because_o theft_n be_v libel_v and_o recept_n of_o theft_n only_o prove_v as_o also_o in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v of_o his_o defence_n because_o he_o will_v have_v propound_v defence_n against_o single_a adultery_n if_o it_o have_v be_v libel_v which_o will_v either_o not_o have_v be_v relevant_a against_o notour_n adultery_n or_o else_o he_o think_v himself_o in_o tuto_fw-la not_o to_o propone_v they_o because_o he_o think_v himself_o secure_a know_v that_o the_o notour_n adultery_n libel_v can_v never_o be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinar_n conclusion_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o si_fw-mi in_o libello_fw-la qualificato_fw-la omnes_fw-la qualitates_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la probaâ—ae_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la absolvendus_fw-la and_o albeit_o for_o evit_v this_o difficulty_n the_o conclusion_n in_o their_o libel_n use_v to_o be_v alternative_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v absolve_v he_o take_v instrument_n upon_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v libel_v except_o the_o quality_n be_v express_o prove_v though_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o allow_v the_o party_n to_o declare_v that_o they_o insist_v alternative_o as_o say_v be_v by_o our_o law_n such_o as_o be_v divorce_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n commit_v by_o themselves_o can_v thereafter_o marry_v the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n to_o have_v commit_v adultery_n and_o all_o such_o marriage_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o the_o act._n 22._o p._n 16._o i._o 6._o which_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o adultery_n already_o commit_v by_o lessen_v and_o narrow_n their_o choice_n but_o likewise_o as_o a_o mean_a to_o hinder_v any_o from_o commit_v adultery_n in_o expectation_n as_o be_v too_o ordinary_a of_o enjoy_v in_o a_o future_a marriage_n the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v it_o and_o upon_o which_o expectation_n the_o adulterer_n may_v be_v probable_o tempt_v to_o kill_v the_o lawful_a husband_n or_o wife_n of_o that_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v the_o same_o in_o which_o our_o law_n agree_v with_o the_o cannon_n
or_o precinct_n thereof_o thomas_n crumbie_n be_v hang_v and_o his_o movable_n escheat_n for_o offer_v to_o strike_v my_o lady_n traquair_n with_o a_o draw_a sword_n in_o her_o garden_n 23._o feb._n 1638._o but_o if_o the_o place_n wherein_o the_o invasion_n be_v make_v be_v no_o enclosure_n and_o so_o adjoin_v to_o the_o house_n i_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v at_o the_o very_a door_n of_o the_o house_n that_o bart._n his_o opinion_n of_o juxta_fw-la dominum_fw-la do_v not_o hold_v and_o thus_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v upon_o the_o 24._o of_o july_n 1663._o for_o hame-sucken_a in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o come_v to_o alexander_n prove_v dwell_v house_n and_o there_o call_v he_o out_o and_o force_v he_o to_o yoke_v his_o cart_n and_o scourge_v he_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o libel_n as_o hame-sucken_a because_o it_o be_v not_o commit_v in_o the_o pursuer_n house_n though_o it_o be_v do_v at_o the_o house_n door_n but_o sustain_v it_o as_o oppression_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v in_o this_o case_n that_o this_o invasion_n be_v hamesucken_v because_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v call_v out_o of_o his_o own_o house_n by_o the_o offender_n and_o so_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la he_o must_v be_v repute_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v in_o it_o the_o justice_n will_v have_v sustain_v this_o to_o have_v be_v hame-sucken_a if_o it_o can_v have_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o wrong_n be_v do_v immediate_o without_o any_o prevein_v provocation_n for_o the_o law_n will_v have_v presume_v that_o the_o person_n be_v call_v out_o of_o design_n to_o evite_v the_o quality_n of_o that_o crime_n nec_fw-la debet_fw-la fraus_fw-la sua_fw-la quem_fw-la libet_fw-la adjuvare_fw-la it_o be_v doubt_v if_o a_o man_n shop_n be_v to_o be_v account_v his_o house_n to_o infer_v this_o crime_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o security_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v as_o well_o in_o the_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o the_o publick_v interest_n that_o shop_n be_v not_o enter_v and_o person_n disturb_v therein_o as_o house_n for_o thereby_o public_a commerce_n be_v leise_v as_o well_o as_o private_a safety_n yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a c._n 19_o v._n 1._o that_o be_v only_o call_v a_o man_n house_n where_o he_o use_v to_o rise_v and_o lie_v and_o among_o the_o different_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n i_o find_v this_o reconcealing_a distinction_n use_v that_o if_o the_o shop_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o house_n and_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o different_a house_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la invasion_n in_o the_o shop_n infer_v hame-sucken_a otherways_o not_o cabal_n ibid._n where_o he_o likewise_o cite_v saliset_v albericus_fw-la and_o other_o determine_v that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o house_n in_o one_o whereof_o he_o dwell_v not_o with_o his_o family_n that_o his_o be_v invade_v in_o that_o house_n make_v it_o not_o hame-sucken_a which_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o our_o own_o law_n abovecited_a which_o require_v lie_v and_o rise_v and_o thus_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o june_n 1669._o thomas_n sydserf_n have_v pursue_v mungo_n murray_n etc._n etc._n for_o invade_v he_o in_o his_o playhouse_n that_o invasion_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a but_o with_o imprisonment_n nota_fw-la the_o former_a law_n against_o hame-sucken_a take_v place_n as_o well_o when_o the_o invasion_n be_v commit_v in_o a_o man_n hire_a house_n as_o his_o own_o if_o he_o and_o his_o family_n live_v there_o skeen_n ibid._n &_o bartol_n le_fw-fr ad_fw-la legem_fw-la jul_fw-la de_fw-fr adulteriis_fw-la it_o may_v be_v likeways_o doubt_v whether_o the_o beat_v a_o man_n in_o his_o own_o ship_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a since_o a_o man_n have_v not_o his_o family_n there_o and_o so_o it_o can_v be_v call_v proper_o his_o name_n but_o yet_o i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o since_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o a_o seaman_n residence_n and_o thus_o it_o have_v be_v find_v with_o we_o that_o a_o skipper_n may_v prove_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o in_o his_o own_o ship_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n though_o servant_n can_v prove_v regulariter_fw-la for_o their_o master_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o hame-sucken_a it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o a_o innkeeper_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a when_o do_v to_o he_o by_o such_o as_o lodge_v in_o his_o own_o inn_n and_o though_o it_o be_v alalledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a crime_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n who_o lodge_v not_o there_o because_o that_o be_v a_o hame-sucken_a against_o hospitality_n yet_o because_o a_o inn_n be_v a_o public_a house_n and_o belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o lodger_n as_o to_o the_o master_n the_o justice_n do_v only_o sustain_v this_o as_o a_o great_a riot_n but_o not_o as_o hame-sucken_a in_o the_o case_n of_o meor_n of_o penniglen_n anno_fw-la 1675._o iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o ravish_a of_o woman_n r._n m._n l._n 4._o cap._n 9_o and_o 10._o and_o therefore_o the_o law_n make_v against_o ravish_v of_o woman_n be_v ordinary_o libel_v upon_o there_o be_v no_o special_a punishment_n express_v in_o the_o law_n against_o hame-sucken_a shall_v be_v pursue_v within_o a_o night_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v which_o time_n be_v allow_v for_o get_v the_o advice_n of_o friend_n ibid._n and_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o the_o lady_n traquair_n it_o be_v sustain_v after_o two_o month_n time_n and_o doubtless_o that_o short_a prescription_n be_v now_o absolet_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o have_v be_v because_o it_o be_v punishable_a as_o ravish_v of_o woman_n it_o have_v borrow_v from_o that_o crime_n the_o necessity_n of_o be_v recent_o pursue_v and_o i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o foresay_a short_a prescription_n be_v not_o allow_v by_o present_a custom_n yet_o the_o judge_n shall_v consider_v whether_o any_o considerable_a time_n have_v interveined_a for_o else_o per_fw-la intervallum_fw-la tempóris_fw-la videtur_fw-la dissimulari_fw-la sicut_fw-la injuria_fw-la dissimulatur_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o person_n offend_v will_v have_v sit_v long_o with_o such_o a_o wrong_n and_o since_o that_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n do_v become_v such_o by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o the_o person_n accuse_v shall_v not_o lie_v long_o under_o the_o hazard_n &_o gravatus_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la levandus_fw-la in_o alio_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v likewise_o this_o privilege_n that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o pursuer_n own_o servant_n friend_n or_o other_o witness_n who_o be_v otherwise_o liable_a to_o exception_n which_o be_v introduce_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o necessity_n but_o likewise_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o the_o offender_n not_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prove_v crime_n of_o that_o nature_n by_o other_o then_o be_v in_o the_o family_n iv._o when_o hame-sucken_a be_v pursue_v only_o as_o a_o aggravation_n it_o be_v libel_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o hame-sucken_a and_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o be_v arbitrary_a eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o old_a a_o aggravation_n of_o a_o crime_n that_o david_n 2_o sam._n chap._n 4._o vers_fw-la 11._o aggravat_v the_o death_n of_o ishbosheth_n because_o they_o have_v slay_v he_o in_o his_o own_o house_n and_o upon_o his_o own_o bed_n the_o libel_n in_o hame-sucken_a run_v thus_o that_o albeit_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o hame-sucken_a that_o be_v to_o say_v who_o ever_o invade_v any_o of_o our_o peaceable_a subject_n and_o liedge_n violent_o with_o weapon_n within_o their_o own_o dwell_v house_n or_o precinct_n thereof_o contrair_a to_o our_o peace_n shall_v incur_v and_o under_o the_o pain_n and_o punishment_n of_o death_n as_o our_o say_n law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o whereof_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o upon_o last_o bypass_a the_o forename_a person_n above-complained_n upon_o be_v bodden_fw-mi in_o fear_n of_o war_n with_o sword_n and_o other_o weapon_n invasive_a come_v under_o silence_n and_o cloud_n of_o night_n about_o ten_o hour_n at_o even_o to_o the_o say_v a._n b._n his_o dwell_a house_n where_o he_o be_v quiet_a and_o in_o a_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n etc._n etc._n title_n xxii_o break_v of_o prison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o break_v of_o prison_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 2._o how_o the_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o break_v by_o another_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o he_o be_v punishable_a if_o he_o
that_o the_o law_n shall_v conclude_v he_o guilty_a and_o except_o the_o panel_n can_v by_o way_n of_o exculpation_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v break_v by_o another_o and_o offer_v to_o prove_v by_o who_o it_o be_v break_v he_o who_o go_v out_o shall_v be_v conclude_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n to_o infer_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o yet_o the_o assize_n assoilzy_v the_o panel_n though_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v in_o prison_n and_o that_o the_o prison_n be_v break_v and_o that_o he_o come_v down_o upon_o a_o rope_n for_o they_o think_v that_o since_o his_o break_n of_o prison_n be_v not_o prove_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v conclude_v guilty_a but_o here_o the_o verdict_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la if_o the_o prisoner_n be_v unjust_o detain_v in_o prison_n clarus_n think_v that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v though_o he_o break_v prison_n quest_n 21._o num_fw-la 26._o but_o this_o opinion_n be_v most_o absurd_a for_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o his_o own_o imprisonment_n but_o aught_o to_o apply_v to_o the_o lawful_a authority_n for_o redress_n and_o l._n 13._o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la do_v express_o determine_v eos_fw-la puniendis_fw-la esse_fw-la quamvis_fw-la innocent_n inveniantur_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la crimine_fw-la propter_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o carcerem_fw-la impacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la as_o also_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o l._n nihil_fw-la interest_n c._n the_o captiv_n upon_o which_o the_o doctor_n find_v their_o opinion_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o as_o break_v the_o enemy_n prison_n iii_o he_o who_o flee_v have_v break_v prison_n be_v not_o think_v punishable_a as_o a_o breaker_n of_o prison_n if_o he_o return_v boer_n decis_fw-la 215._o clar._n num_fw-la 28._o but_o this_o also_o seem_v debateable_a since_o no_o man_n can_v give_v himself_o a_o remission_n and_o there_o be_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la fisco_fw-la by_o the_o guilt_n once_o commit_v it_o can_v be_v take_v off_o without_o some_o deed_n of_o the_o power_n offend_v and_o we_o see_v that_o murderer_n and_o other_o as_o punishable_a by_o death_n though_o they_o put_v themselves_o in_o prison_n liminuit_fw-la non_fw-la tollit_fw-la crimen_fw-la iv._o these_o who_o break_v not_o prison_n but_o assay_v to_o break_v be_v to_o be_v more_o meek_o punish_v then_o these_o who_o break_v prison_n clar._n num_fw-la 27._o which_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o scotland_n not_o only_o these_o who_o break_v prison_n but_o these_o who_o assist_v they_o and_o the_o keeper_n by_o who_o contrivance_n or_o negligence_n they_o escape_v be_v punishable_a l._n 8.10_o &_o 12._o ff_n de_fw-fr cust_z reor_fw-la v._o if_o a_o prisoner_n escape_v the_o master_n of_o the_o prison_n be_v oblige_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o oath_n that_o he_o escape_v without_o his_o will_n or_o consent_n stat._n david_n 2._o cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 6._o and_o by_o the_o 19_o chap._n num_fw-la 2._o stat._n rob._n 1._o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o prison_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o malefactor_n either_o in_o body_n or_o good_n which_o take_v only_a place_n where_o the_o keeper_n be_v negligent_a in_o his_o duty_n for_o else_o he_o be_v not_o liable_a as_o be_v find_v the_o 23._o of_o november_n 1675._o in_o the_o case_n of_o captain_n martin_n who_o be_v imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n for_o not_o find_v caution_n in_o a_o pursuit_n before_o the_o admiral_n against_o he_o for_o take_v free_a ship_n he_o escape_v in_o woman_n clothes_n and_o the_o keeper_n be_v pursue_v it_o be_v allege_v for_o he_o that_o keeper_n be_v only_o depositarii_fw-la prisoner_n be_v depositat_fw-la in_o their_o hand_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n &_o depositarii_fw-la tenentur_fw-la tantum_fw-la de_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la and_o farinacius_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v at_o rome_n where_o a_o person_n escape_v thus_o in_o woman_n clothes_n to_o which_o though_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o servant_n get_v a_o fee_n be_v liable_a ad_fw-la exactissimam_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la without_o which_o private_a diligence_n and_o public_a revenge_n may_v easy_o be_v disappoint_v yet_o the_o lord_n upon_o trial_n of_o the_o keeper_n innocence_n and_o diligence_n do_v assoilzie_a he_o but_o i_o have_v see_v that_o sister_n have_v assist_v their_o brother_n and_o wife_n their_o husband_n to_o escape_v even_o for_o crime_n without_o be_v punish_v and_o per_fw-la l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n the_o receptor_n of_o such_o near_a relation_n be_v connive_v at_o so_o gentle_a be_v the_o law_n and_o so_o much_o it_o both_o follow_v and_o pardon_v nature_n break_v prison_n in_o the_o night_n be_v a_o great_a aggravation_n of_o this_o crime_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n ult_n basil._n h._n t._n title_n xxiii_o de_fw-fr dardanariis_fw-la or_o forestallers_a 1._o what_o forestallers_a be_v and_o the_o several_a species_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o forestallers_a and_o regrater_n 3._o the_o first_o branch_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n be_v the_o buy_v up_o corn_n to_o a_o dearth_n 4._o the_o second_o be_v the_o buy_a corn_n come_v to_o a_o mercat_n 5._o the_o three_o be_v the_o advise_v other_o to_o commit_v these_o crime_n 6._o the_o four_o be_v the_o buy_a commodity_n in_o a_o mercat_n upon_o design_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o at_o any_o other_o mercat_n within_o four_o miles_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n man_n have_v gather_v themselves_o into_o society_n they_o do_v for_o their_o own_o conveniency_n and_o provision_n grant_v many_o privilege_n to_o mercat_n and_o to_o such_o as_o frequent_v they_o and_o that_o all_o person_n may_v be_v the_o more_o equal_o provide_v they_o do_v lay_v such_o restriction_n both_o upon_o buyer_n and_o seller_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o that_o design_n for_o albeit_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n to_o use_v his_o own_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o to_o sell_v his_o commodity_n where_o and_o to_o who_o he_o please_v yet_o see_v common_a justice_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o private_a advantage_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o upon_o that_o account_n they_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o abuse_v his_o own_o to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o these_o law_n which_o concern_v interdiction_n so_o much_o less_o will_v they_o allow_v man_n to_o wrong_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n the_o great_a instance_n whereof_o be_v see_v in_o this_o crime_n of_o forestalling_a or_o regrate_v i._o forestallers_a be_v by_o the_o roman_n call_v dardanarii_fw-la à _fw-la dardano_n a_o merchant_n who_o be_v famous_a for_o that_o crime_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n these_o be_v account_v dardanarii_fw-la proper_o who_o huird_v up_o their_o own_o corn_n or_o buy_v up_o the_o corn_n of_o other_o of_o design_n to_o keep_v they_o to_o a_o dearth_n but_o improper_o these_o be_v likewise_o call_v dardanarii_fw-la who_o do_v buy_v up_o any_o other_o commodity_n unlawful_o upon_o that_o design_n which_o kind_n of_o merchant_n be_v more_o proper_o call_v panto_n poli_fw-fr by_o the_o novel_a of_o valentinian_n which_o crime_n as_o it_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la legem_fw-la juliam_fw-la de_fw-la anona_fw-la so_o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o per_fw-la l._n sextam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr extra_fw-la crim_n est_fw-la 20._o aurei_fw-la &_o puniri_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la a_o three_o sort_n of_o dardanarii_fw-la number_v among_o the_o doctor_n be_v these_o who_o proper_o be_v call_v revenditores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la emunt_fw-la ut_fw-la carius_fw-la vendant_fw-la ex_fw-la raritate_fw-la raritatis_fw-la raritatem_fw-la affectantis_fw-la tholosanus_n cap._n 135._o num_fw-la 10._o matheus_n also_o make_v monopolist_n a_o four_o branch_n of_o these_o and_o sure_o they_o be_v equal_o guilty_a of_o prejudging_a the_o commonwealth_n with_o these_o above_o relaited_a ii_o though_o forestallers_a and_o regrater_n be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o that_o regrater_n be_v only_o those_o who_o buy_v good_n that_o they_o may_v sell_v they_o again_o at_o a_o dear_a rate_n but_o forestallers_a be_v such_o as_o buy_v good_n before_o they_o come_v to_o a_o open_a mercat_n but_o see_v custom_n use_v these_o word_n promiscuous_o we_o shall_v divide_v forestallers_a or_o regrater_n into_o these_o several_a species_n or_o branch_n iii_o the_o first_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o forestallers_a be_v of_o such_o who_o either_o private_o or_o by_o enter_v into_o society_n buy_v up_o all_o good_n upon_o design_n that_o by_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o may_v exact_v such_o rate_n for_o they_o
they_o be_v tie_v to_o strict_a law_n but_o they_o think_v that_o the_o council_n may_v allow_v some_o mitigation_n iii_o another_o species_n of_o usury_n by_o our_o law_n be_v to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o retain_v a_o year_n annualrent_a when_o the_o money_n be_v first_o lend_v and_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v usury_n by_o the_o 222._o act_n parl._n 14._o k._n ja._n 6._o and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 28._o act._n parl._n 23._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o last_n it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v detain_v the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o shall_v edict_n crave_v or_o receive_v from_o the_o debtor_n annualrent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o principal_a sum_n or_o whosoever_o shall_v exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_a shall_v commit_v usury_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o principal_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o puniebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la plus_fw-la petebant_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la tempore_fw-la petere_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la qui_fw-la petebas_fw-la ante_fw-la tempus_fw-la debito_fw-la constitutum_fw-la upon_o these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n forbid_v the_o exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o be_v a_o dittay_n found_v against_o purdie_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o for_o take_v ten_o pound_n scot_n as_o the_o annualrent_n of_o fifty_o mark_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o july_n whereas_o no_o annualrent_n be_v due_a till_o martimas_n that_o year_n against_o which_o dittay_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o this_o species_n of_o the_o dittay_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v either_o beyond_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n to_o salve_v which_o it_o be_v infer_v or_o beyond_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v interest_n before_o hand_n but_o that_o they_o may_v voluntary_o pay_v their_o annualrent_n without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o receiver_n which_o may_v sometime_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o payer_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n who_o be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n at_o martimas_n may_v be_v for_o his_o own_o advantage_n desirous_a that_o his_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o annualrent_n in_o september_n because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o pay_v they_o at_o martimas_n and_o may_v be_v either_o at_o expense_n or_o in_o hazard_n to_o send_v they_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o receiver_n here_o have_v raise_v no_o charge_n of_o horning_n nor_o use_v no_o other_o diligence_n for_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_n his_o voluntar_n offer_v of_o they_o shall_v not_o prejudge_v the_o receiver_n especial_o see_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o evit_v of_o oppression_n in_o exact_v money_n before_o the_o term_n be_v that_o against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o guard_v 2._o though_o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exact_v crave_v or_o receive_v annualrent_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n be_v express_o forbid_v yet_o when_o the_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n found_v upon_o in_o this_o dittay_n the_o act_n speak_v only_o thereof_o crave_v or_o exact_v but_o do_v not_o forbid_v simple_o receive_v 3._o consuetudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la mala_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la excusat_fw-la usurarium_fw-la à _fw-la pena_fw-la bar._n in_fw-la lege_fw-la siquis_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la ff_n edil_n edict_n socinus_n consilio_fw-la 170._o and_o it_o be_v very_a notour_n that_o in_o this_o caise_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n then_o for_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n in_o scotland_n to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n from_o willing_a debtor_n either_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n or_o to_o gratify_v their_o debtor_n upon_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unjust_a that_o the_o panel_n who_o be_v a_o poor_a merchant_n shall_v ensnare_v himself_o in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la think_v himself_o warrant_v in_o what_o he_o do_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o most_o intelligent_a person_n therein_o 4._o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n nor_o shall_v severe_a and_o statutory_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o error_n where_o no_o person_n be_v any_o way_n considerable_o prejudge_v and_o in_o which_o it_o can_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v any_o guilt_n see_v the_o advantage_n be_v so_o small_a for_o the_o only_a share_n the_o panel_n reap_v of_o this_o be_v the_o annualrent_a of_o ten_o pound_n from_o july_n to_o martimas_n which_o can_v not_o exceed_v three_o shilling_n scot_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v a_o honest_a sincere_a merchant_n who_o be_v otherwise_o intigerrimae_fw-la famae_fw-la guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o movable_n and_o infamy_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n who_o be_v not_o as_o the_o justice_n tie_v to_o strict_a law_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o dittay_v relevant_a as_o found_v upon_o the_o above-written_a clause_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n but_o the_o ground_n above_o relate_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o council_n they_o rescind_v the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o justice_n do_v again_o condemn_v hugh_n roxburgh_n 28._o of_o november_n 1668._o upon_o the_o same_o act_n and_o like_o dittay_n but_o that_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v likewise_o stop_v by_o the_o council_n iv._o the_o three_o species_n of_o statutory_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n colour_n their_o fraud_n by_o take_v not_o more_o anualrent_a direct_o then_o that_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lew_n but_o take_v wodset_n of_o land_n from_o the_o borrower_n for_o more_o than_o their_o annualrent_n can_v extend_v to_o and_o set_v back-tack_n to_o they_o for_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o to_o prevent_v which_o and_o all_o such_o usury_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o law_n usura_fw-la velata_fw-la it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 247._o act_n parl._n 15._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o whoever_o receive_v such_o wodset_n or_o enter_v into_o any_o such_o bargain_n for_o which_o more_o be_v take_v either_o in_o money_n or_o by_o any_o other_o transaction_n whereby_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v may_v be_v reduce_v in_o money_n to_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n annualrent_n upon_o whatsoever_o colour_n or_o pretext_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o by_o the_o 62._o act_n par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v usury_n to_o receive_v proper_a wodset_n of_o land_n and_o other_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o bear_v by_o express_a provision_n that_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o hazard_n of_o the_o fruit_n tenant_n war_n or_o trouble_v for_o clear_v of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o wodset_n with_o we_o be_v either_o proper_a or_o improper_a proper_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n run_v all_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n wodset_v to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o more_o annualrent_a for_o his_o money_n than_o what_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n remain_v after_o all_o hazard_n improper_a wodset_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v only_o countable_a for_o what_o rent_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o lender_n nor_o be_v he_o liable_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o bankrupt-tennent_n warrant_v pestilence_n which_o distinction_n found_v upon_o these_o hazard_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o common_a law_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o certain_a gain_n he_o who_o get_v for_o his_o money_n but_o a_o hazard_n of_o gain_n commit_v not_o usury_n for_o that_o be_v emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o if_o i_o shall_v lend_v money_n and_o get_v for_o my_o security_n the_o hazard_n of_o what_o rent_n can_v be_v collect_v from_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n come_v from_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o law_n allow_v fenus_fw-la nauticus_fw-la to_o be_v much_o great_a than_o all_o other_o see_v the_o lender_n run_v the_o risk_a therein_o of_o all_o sea_n hazard_n but_o if_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o may_v compense_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o annualrent_a take_v beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o excuse_v not_o from_o usury_n as_o if_o a_o wodset_n be_v grant_v of_o a_o miln_n or_o salmond_n fish_v if_o the_o say_a rent_n do_v ordinary_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n by_o any_o considerable_a excess_n
word_n may_v comprehend_v negligence_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v a_o heritable_a officer_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v his_o office_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v also_o observe_v by_o bald._n ad_fw-la l._n manicipia_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr seru._n fugit_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o pro_fw-la negligentia_fw-la judex_fw-la removetur_fw-la ab_fw-la officio_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la tenet_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la and_o farin_n q._n 3._o n._n 423._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o majores_fw-la officiales_fw-la non_fw-la removetur_fw-la sed_fw-la minores_fw-la facile_fw-la removeri_fw-la possunt_fw-la title_n xxvi_o deforcement_n 1._o to_o who_o be_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n commit_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o who_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o what_o be_v deforcement_n and_o what_o be_v the_o several_a degree_n thereof_o 3._o the_o messenger_n must_v have_v his_o blazon_n and_o give_v a_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n 4._o whether_o may_v a_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v who_o want_v his_o caption_n or_o transgress_v his_o power_n 5._o what_o witness_n can_v prove_v a_o deforcement_n or_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n can_v prove_v it_o 6._o these_o who_o deforce_o may_v be_v pursue_v civil_o for_o the_o debt_n have_v be_v only_a the_o idea_n or_o picture_n of_o justice_n but_o execution_n be_v its_o life_n and_o though_o those_o who_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n and_o sentence_n commit_v to_o they_o be_v rank_v but_o among_o the_o low_a servant_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v these_o who_o complete_a that_o great_a work_n and_o among_o who_o hand_n it_o become_v perfect_a and_o therefore_o the_o law_n have_v commit_v its_o most_o excellent_a part_n to_o they_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v in_o a_o most_o eminent_a way_n careful_a of_o they_o and_o in_o provide_v for_o their_o safety_n it_o secure_v its_o own_o honour_n i._o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v among_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o apparitor_n mention_v of_o the_o codex_fw-la in_o three_o several_a title_n and_o these_o be_v erect_v in_o a_o college_n which_o be_v style_v collegium_fw-la or_o familia_fw-la apparitorum_fw-la as_o our_o herald_n be_v in_o a_o fraternity_n by_o the_o 125._o act._n parliament_n 12._o k._n i._n 6._o the_o italian_a doctor_n call_v they_o now_o beroarii_fw-la so_o that_o these_o who_o will_v know_v what_o the_o doctor_n hold_v in_o case_n of_o deforcement_n must_v look_v to_o the_o index_n at_o these_o word_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v a_o species_n of_o laesae-majestie_n to_o resist_v the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n l_o quisquis_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n jub_n maje_v l._n julianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la mandata_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la and_o guid._n pap._n quest_n 557._o observe_n that_o from_o these_o law_n do_v rise_v the_o practic_a of_o france_n qua_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la verberantes_fw-la apparitores_fw-la in_o exe_v cutione_n officii_fw-la nam_fw-la qui_fw-la mandata_fw-la principum_fw-la exaequuntur_fw-la videntur_fw-la vivae_fw-la principium_fw-la imagine_v ac_fw-la adeo_fw-la graviter_fw-la puniri_fw-la debent_fw-la ac_fw-la injuriante_n statuas_n principum_fw-la with_o we_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v to_o herald_n pursuivant_n messenger_n macer_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n of_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o respective_a officer_n of_o these_o court_n and_o the_o resist_a beat_v or_o wound_v of_o these_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n be_v in_o our_o law_n that_o crime_n which_o we_o call_v deforcement_n leg._n burgal_n cap._n 135._o ii_o deforcement_n then_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o oppose_a macer_n messenger_n or_o any_o other_o who_o use_v to_o execute_v sentence_n whilst_o they_o be_v execute_v their_o office_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o if_o either_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o in_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n or_o if_o the_o officer_n be_v beat_v upon_o any_o other_o account_n as_o if_o a_o scuffle_n shall_v arise_v occasion_v unjust_o by_o himself_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v a_o deforcement_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o though_o this_o crime_n be_v among_o the_o most_o attrocious_a because_o the_o king_n and_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o their_o person_n despise_v and_o therefore_o this_o crime_n be_v call_v dispectus_fw-la regis_fw-la stat_fw-la williel_n cap._n 4._o verse_n 5._o and_o justice_n be_v after_o much_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o expense_n lay_v out_o by_o the_o party_n disappoint_v yet_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n so_o escheat_v fall_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o party_n at_o who_o instance_n the_o letter_n be_v execute_v i._o 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 150._o the_o word_n whereof_o be_v if_o a_o officer_n of_o arm_n or_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v deforce_v molest_a invade_v or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n by_o any_o person_n or_o person_n who_o they_o shall_v summon_v or_o other_o of_o his_o cause_v and_o command_n the_o time_n he_o be_v execute_v of_o any_o summons_n letter_n or_o precept_n direct_v by_o his_o highness_n or_o other_o judge_n that_o he_o shall_v loss_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o deforcement_n be_v commit_v by_o trouble_v of_o any_o officer_n belong_v to_o any_o court_n 2._o that_o those_o word_n to_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o quality_n put_v in_o a_o sentence_n by_o itself_o and_o so_o may_v be_v think_v to_o relate_v to_o all_o the_o former_a word_n molest_v invade_v or_o pursue_v yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v only_o wrong_v point_v and_o these_o word_n or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n shall_v all_o be_v put_v in_o one_o sentence_n for_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la simple_a oppose_a or_o molest_v the_o messenger_n though_o without_o blood_n will_v infer_v a_o deforcement_n 2._o though_o by_o the_o act_n it_o will_v seem_v only_o these_o against_o who_o letter_n and_o charge_n be_v raise_v or_o such_o as_o they_o hound_n out_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n yet_o if_o any_o other_o do_v deforce_o a_o messenger_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o party_n interest_v themselves_o or_o hound_v out_o by_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v likewise_o guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 4._o cap._n stat_fw-la williell_n vers_fw-la 1._o and_o by_o the_o 84._o act_n 11._o parliament_n k._n i._n 6._o and_o see_v the_o crime_n lie_v in_o the_o opposition_n to_o the_o messenger_n whoever_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o act_n commit_v this_o crime_n 3._o though_o this_o act_n make_v only_o cause_v or_o command_v a_o crime_n yet_o certain_o if_o any_o person_n interest_v do_v ratihabit_fw-la the_o deforcement_n commit_v by_o any_o other_o person_n by_o either_o give_v he_o good_a deed_n or_o by_o receive_v his_o letter_n or_o blazon_n take_v from_o he_o he_o be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o the_o council_n find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o seafort_n against_o the_o lord_n mackdonald_n anno_fw-la 1669._o upon_o full_a debate_n in_o which_o 〈…〉_z lord_n in_o the_o highland_n shall_v be_v liable_a for_o deforcement_n commit_v upon_o the_o ground_n if_o they_o do_v not_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n 4._o though_o the_o execution_n be_v disappoint_v and_o stop_v yet_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v as_o sufficient_a as_o perfect_v and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o party_n have_v do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o say_v that_o the_o disappointment_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la shall_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o 5._o see_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act_n be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o imprisonment_n whereas_o by_o the_o act_n 84.11_o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o the_o life_n and_o good_n of_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o judge_n may_v punish_v by_o either_o of_o the_o act_n see_v the_o last_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la the_o first_o or_o whether_o both_o shall_v stand_v in_o vigour_n and_o force_n concern_v which_o question_n the_o general_a lawyer_n have_v very_o many_o learned_a debate_n but_o the_o most_o solid_a and_o approven_v conclusion_n be_v that_o when_o a_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o several_a pain_n in_o several_a law_n or_o act_n which_o act_n do_v not_o derogat_v one_o from_o another_o express_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o punish_v the_o delinquent_n by_o either_o of_o the_o pain_n l._n quoties_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la &_o obligationibus_fw-la but_o
except_o the_o word_n infer_v so_o clear_o a_o injury_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o libel_v the_o design_n 3._o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o be_v injure_v do_v present_o resent_v the_o injury_n and_o take_v what_o be_v speak_v for_o a_o injury_n which_o the_o lawyer_n call_v revocatio_fw-la injuriae_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o this_o dissatisfaction_n be_v signify_v either_o open_o and_o express_o or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n which_o testify_v discontent_a ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la quis_fw-la injuriam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la revocare_fw-la alius_fw-la ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la nihil_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la injuria_fw-la remissa_fw-la censetur_fw-la §_o ult_n just_a de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o verbal_a injury_n consist_v in_o dissatisfy_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o word_n be_v only_a injury_n if_o they_o be_v so_o take_v and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v take_v at_o first_o to_o be_v no_o injury_n they_o be_v then_o no_o injury_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o a_o injury_n they_o can_v not_o afterward_o become_v such_o since_o than_o injury_n be_v estimat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o design_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o follow_v natural_o that_o man_n who_o be_v fool_n idiot_n very_o young_a or_o very_o drink_v be_v not_o punishable_a for_o verbal_a injury_n except_o the_o offender_n do_v become_v drink_v upon_o design_n to_o offend_v si_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la impetu_fw-la deliquit_fw-la and_o great_a passion_n which_o break_v off_o all_o design_v justa_fw-la &_o non_fw-la affectata_fw-la ira_fw-la excuse_n also_o in_o this_o case_n as_o also_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o object_v true_a crime_n be_v no_o injury_n if_o the_o objecter_n design_v principal_o not_o to_o offend_v the_o person_n guilty_a but_o to_o inform_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o to_o defend_v the_o speaker_n own_o honour_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o account_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o detect_n what_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o much_o concern_v in_o be_v a_o injury_n cravet_fw-la consil_n 145._o and_o upon_o the_o last_o account_n it_o be_v think_v that_o to_o give_v a_o man_n the_o lie_n be_v a_o injury_n but_o that_o it_o be_v no_o injury_n to_o say_v you_o speak_v not_o truth_n for_o in_o the_o one_o we_o defend_v our_o own_o honour_n but_o in_o the_o other_o we_o offend_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o expression_n pass_v for_o a_o expression_n to_o be_v use_v when_o we_o design_v to_o offend_v the_o relate_v likewise_o what_o we_o hear_v from_o good_a author_n who_o design_v no_o prejudice_n be_v sufficient_a also_o to_o defend_v against_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o injurer_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o court_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr def_n 5._o yet_o sometime_o injury_n be_v infer_v not_o only_o from_o express_a word_n but_o even_o from_o the_o presumptive_a meaning_n of_o the_o speaker_n as_o to_o look_v in_o a_o man_n face_n and_o to_o say_v i_o be_o not_o a_o liar_n as_o other_o be_v afflict_v §_o injuria_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr parjur_fw-fr firm_a or_o to_o say_v flaunt_o you_o be_v a_o fine_a churchman_n jacob_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la visu_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o iii_o real_a injury_n be_v commit_v by_o hinder_v a_o man_n to_o use_v what_o be_v his_o own_o by_o remove_v his_o seat_n out_o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o church_n by_o give_v a_o man_n medicament_n which_o may_v affront_v he_o by_o arrest_v his_o stood_n unjust_o by_o wear_v in_o contempt_n what_o belong_v to_o another_o man_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o honour_n by_o raze_v shameful_o a_o man_n hair_n or_o beard_n by_o offer_v to_o strike_v he_o in_o public_a or_o by_o strike_v he_o or_o rive_v or_o abuse_v his_o clothes_n or_o his_o house_n and_o many_o other_o way_n relate_v by_o berlich_n conclus_fw-la 69._o vi_o according_a to_o our_o law_n verbal_a injury_n be_v punish_v only_o by_o the_o commissar_n who_o be_v judices_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la scandal_n be_v a_o church_n censure_n and_o the_o commissar_n do_v inflict_v pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o make_v the_o offender_n do_v penance_n at_o church_n door_n or_o otherways_o nor_o do_v ordinary_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n either_o advocate_n such_o action_n or_o modify_v their_o penalty_n the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o remit_v to_o the_o commissar_n such_o pursuit_n and_o refuse_v to_o try_v verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o private_a person_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o strauchan_n and_o straiton_n but_o if_o the_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v to_o a_o magistrate_n as_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v call_v he_o a_o knave_n or_o a_o fool_n than_o the_o council_n use_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o punish_v even_o verbal_a injury_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n campbel_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o inverary_n 1666._o or_o to_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o mr._n alexander_n spotswood_n and_o the_o justice_n clerk_n and_o though_o verbal_a injury_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v within_o a_o year_n or_o by_o posterior_n friendship_n for_o the_o law_n be_v most_o desirous_a to_o pass_v by_o such_o imaginary_a crime_n yet_o in_o george_n campbels_n case_n a_o subsequent_a reconciliation_n be_v not_o sustain_v as_o a_o relevant_a exception_n because_o it_o be_v not_o very_o express_v they_o punish_v also_o scandalum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o criminal_a court_n likewise_o punish_v verbal_a injury_n if_o against_o magistrate_n but_o will_v not_o sustain_v a_o pursuit_n against_o private_a person_n for_o though_o ii_o of_o november_n 1672._o aikman_n against_o carnagy_n nor_o will_v they_o sustain_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n for_o call_v a_o minister_n perjure_a with_fw-mi stock_n decis_fw-la 108._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o brabant_n not_o to_o sustain_v criminal_a action_n for_o word_n except_o they_o be_v speak_v against_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o employment_n vid._n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n real_a injury_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a v._o infamous_a libel_n libelli_fw-la famosi_fw-la be_v the_o most_o permanent_a of_o all_o injury_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o in_o it_o the_o offender_n show_v more_o design_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o guilty_a he_o who_o write_v dictate_v or_o affix_n infamous_a libel_n or_o cause_n write_v dictat_fw-la or_o affix_v they_o be_v punishable_a he_o who_o find_v a_o infamous_a libel_n and_o show_v it_o though_o to_o one_o only_a be_v punishable_a if_o malice_n or_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v else_o not_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a nor_o more_o innocent_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n then_o to_o show_v such_o libel_n whether_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la &_o animus_n iniuriandi_fw-la a_o design_n to_o offend_v be_v presume_v in_o this_o delict_n or_o must_v be_v prove_v be_v much_o controvert_v bertaz_n consil_n 237._o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v presume_v farin_n quest_n 295._o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o presume_v but_o must_v be_v prove_v and_o i_o incline_v to_o this_o last_o opinion_n see_v infamous_a libel_n be_v not_o now_o so_o much_o resent_v as_o former_o custom_n have_v much_o allay_v the_o picque_n which_o use_v to_o ensue_v thereupon_o and_o that_o custom_n defend_v from_o all_o guilt_n in_o this_o case_n be_v most_o learned_o maintain_v by_o coler_n decis_fw-la 154._o where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o stationer_n be_v absolve_v though_o they_o sell_v infamous_a libel_n because_o all_o stationer_n use_n to_o sell_v such_o many_o thing_n do_v likewise_o in_o this_o case_n lessen_v the_o punishment_n as_o that_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o minor_a be_v provoke_v do_v tear_v it_o before_o it_o be_v full_o write_v or_o after_o it_o be_v affix_v or_o confess_v his_o fault_n and_o say_v he_o do_v it_o only_o out_o of_o passion_n or_o curiosity_n or_o if_o what_o be_v say_v be_v true_a berlich_n conclus_fw-la 67._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o delict_n be_v of_o old_a arbitrary_a paul_n lib._n 5._o scent_n do_fw-mi 14._o but_o be_v make_v capital_a by_o the_o edict_n valentiniani_n &_o valentis_fw-la l._n unic_fw-la c._n the_o famous_a libel_n but_o clar._n make_v it_o arbitrary_a by_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o europe_n and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o present_a in_o scotland_n except_o where_o the_o prince_n be_v abuse_v or_o where_o a_o capital_a crime_n be_v allege_v against_o any_o man_n for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la infamous_a libel_n be_v just_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v hang_v for_o say_v that_o he_o wish_v that_o the_o king_n will_v shoot_v to_o
dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la operam_fw-la pertineat_fw-la invadere_fw-la aut_fw-la capere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la &_o siquis_fw-la hoc_fw-la statutum_fw-la violare_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la in_fw-la quadruplum_fw-la ablata_fw-la restituat_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la jucurrat_fw-la imperiali_fw-la animadversione_n nihilominus_fw-la puniendus_fw-la and_o maranta_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la jud_v part_n 6._o act_n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o relate_v that_o this_o law_n be_v confirm_v in_o sicily_n by_o a_o express_a statute_n and_o all_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v on_o deut._n 24._o vers_fw-la 6._o no_o man_n shall_v take_v the_o upper_a nor_o nether_a millstone_n to_o pledge_v for_o he_o take_v a_o man_n life_n to_o pledge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o grotius_n observe_v out_o of_o philo._n which_o be_v call_v mola_fw-la &_o catillus_fw-la l._n cum_fw-la de_fw-la lanionis_fw-la §_o idem_fw-la consultus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr instructo_fw-la vel_fw-la instrumento_fw-la legato_fw-la iii_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o poind_n of_o such_o good_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o lord_n renton_n have_v in_o january_n 1666._o pursue_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o coldinghame_n for_o poind_v one_o of_o his_o plough_n ox_n when_o they_o be_v labour_v before_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v be_v allege_v that_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n see_v nothing_o can_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v a_o crime_n by_o a_o special_a statute_n and_o to_o which_o a_o special_a sanction_n be_v annex_v likeas_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n many_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n but_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v ever_o thereupon_o intent_a to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n see_v disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o
mark_n though_o she_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o nottour_n adultery_n which_o be_v death_n by_o our_o law_n sometime_o they_o ordain_v no_o sentence_n to_o follow_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o purdy_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v anualrent_a a_o month_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n upon_o his_o debtor_n voluntar_n offer_v and_o sometime_o they_o ordain_v some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o revise_v the_o process_n and_o verdict_n which_o assessor_n do_v ranverse_v the_o whole_a process_n and_o ordain_v it_o to_o be_v tear_v out_o of_o the_o criminal_a register_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assize_n have_v find_v he_o guilty_a of_o recept_n and_o so_o the_o verdict_n be_v find_v disconform_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a process_n be_v null_a yet_o when_o mr._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o one_o witness_n the_o council_n refuse_v to_o review_v the_o verdict_n as_o unwarrantable_a for_o they_o find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o quarrel_v a_o assize_n which_o condemn_v see_v assizer_n can_v only_o be_v quarrel_v for_o error_n when_o they_o assoilzie_a and_o when_o his_o advocate_n cite_v to_o they_o the_o 47._o act._n par._n 6._o k._n ja._n the_o 3._o whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o where_o a_o party_n find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o a_o assize_n by_o partial_a malice_n or_o ignorance_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o he_o to_o cite_v they_o before_o the_o council_n and_o if_o the_o error_n be_v prove_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o condition_n he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o sentence_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o act_n speak_v only_o of_o civil_a case_n and_o that_o by_o the_o council_n here_o be_v mean_v the_o session_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v the_o rubric_n and_o act_n be_v general_a and_o treat_v of_o all_o person_n wrong_v &_o qui_fw-la totum_fw-la dicit_fw-la nihil_fw-la excipit_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v comprehensive_a of_o both_o from_o all_o this_o some_o do_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o justice_n err_v in_o judge_v the_o relevancy_n or_o if_o the_o assize_n find_v that_o prove_v which_o be_v not_o remit_v to_o they_o that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o council_n may_v review_v the_o sentence_n but_o that_o they_o can_v quarrel_v the_o sentence_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o probation_n sometime_o also_o the_o justice_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o secret_a council_n which_o be_v repeat_v to_o the_o assize_n as_o full_a probation_n so_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n remit_v to_o they_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v convict_v before_o the_o council_n of_o have_v utter_v most_o disdainful_a speech_n against_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v examplar_o punish_v and_o upon_o production_n of_o their_o decreet_a which_o decreet_a be_v still_o express_v in_o the_o dittay_n he_o be_v hang_v 17._o may_v 1615._o vii_o if_o the_o law_n can_v receive_v full_a execution_n and_o obedience_n via_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la by_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n than_o the_o council_n upon_o production_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n follow_v upon_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o due_o execute_v and_o registrat_n use_v to_o grant_v letter_n of_o intercomune_v whereby_o all_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n be_v prohibit_v to_o intercomune_v with_o any_o of_o the_o rebel_n so_o denounce_v which_o letter_n must_v be_v publish_v at_o all_o the_o mercat-cross_n of_o the_o shyr_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o which_o such_o person_n reside_v who_o intercomune_v be_v suspect_v and_o registrat_n there_o and_o if_o need_v be_v the_o council_n will_v likewise_o grant_v a_o commission_n for_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o such_o person_n as_o they_o will_v name_v against_o the_o person_n who_o be_v disobedient_a in_o the_o criminal_a letter_n as_o say_v be_v and_o ordinary_o this_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v give_v to_o the_o person_n interest_v which_o occasion_n many_o great_a abuse_n and_o these_o commission_n be_v sometime_o grant_v against_o party_n who_o be_v never_o cite_v but_o upon_o a_o naked_a complaint_n exhibit_v to_o the_o council_n which_o be_v most_o irregular_a the_o council_n do_v sometime_o grant_v commission_n to_o bring_v in_o party_n dead_a or_o alive_a and_o that_o upon_o naked_a petition_n without_o any_o previous_a trial_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o laird_n of_o dinbaith_n upon_o a_o petition_n wherein_o it_o be_v represent_v that_o he_o have_v run_v away_o with_o the_o public_a money_n deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o shire_n for_o pay_v their_o cease_v and_o excise_n but_o this_o seem_v hard_a and_o it_o be_v to_o execute_v a_o free_a subject_a before_o he_o be_v hear_v or_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o he_o for_o these_o private_a petition_n may_v be_v most_o unwarrantable_o found_v viii_o if_o any_o person_n keep_v out_o his_o house_n in_o garrison_n against_o his_o majesty_n the_o council_n first_o use_v to_o issue_n out_o letter_n against_o he_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o house_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o they_o ordain_v a_o herald_n to_o go_v and_o summon_v he_o for_o that_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v process_v before_o the_o justice-general_a and_o do_v immediate_o before_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n grant_v a_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n against_o he_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burgie_n june_n 1668._o they_o use_v likewise_o of_o old_a to_o ordain_v nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o caption_n for_o civil_a debt_n to_o deliver_v up_o their_o person_n in_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n which_o though_o it_o be_v now_o indesuetude_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a and_o of_o excellent_a use_n see_v it_o be_v most_o absurd_a that_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n shall_v contemn_v his_o law_n and_o that_o such_o poor_a person_n as_o pay_v his_o majesty_n tax_n and_o imposition_n and_o who_o be_v obliedge_v to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o he_o shall_v not_o likewise_o have_v the_o assistance_n as_o well_o as_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o law_n so_o that_o when_o the_o ordinary_a remedy_n of_o caption_n comprise_v and_o other_o fail_v these_o and_o other_o extraordinary_a remedy_n shall_v be_v allow_v until_o his_o majesty_n law_n be_v obey_v and_o the_o party_n so_o injure_v be_v full_o and_o final_o repair_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o exchequer_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n the_o exchequer_n be_v only_o his_o majesty_n chamberlain_n and_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o fine_a and_o confiscate_v such_o as_o transgress_v pecunial_a statute_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n rent_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o do_v in_o effect_n judge_v crime_n for_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o abstract_n custom_n or_o cheat_v the_o public_a and_o without_o this_o jurisdiction_n they_o can_v not_o manage_v his_o majesty_n rent_n so_o that_o this_o be_v jurisdictio_fw-la emanate_n found_v upon_o that_o rule_n quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la explicari_fw-la nequit_fw-la but_o be_v seem_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la they_o shall_v not_o even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la cognosce_fw-la for_o by_o the_o 89._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o such_o as_o commit_v fraud_n in_o transport_v forbid_a good_n shall_v be_v punish_v at_o justice_n air_n at_o least_o the_o justice_n also_o have_v power_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o july_n 1668._o the_o exchequre_n do_v fine_a a_o very_a intilligent_a person_n for_o fill_v up_o a_o blank_a signature_n subscribe_v by_o the_o king_n and_o ordain_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o exchequer_n which_o some_o think_v irregular_a for_o either_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o crime_n &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o shall_v have_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v none_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v fine_v and_o albeit_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o other_o court_n may_v fine_a or_o imprison_v such_o as_o injure_v their_o jurisdiction_n or_o may_v ordain_v damage_n and_o interest_n to_o be_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v in_o any_o thing_n before_o their_o court_n yet_o no_o person_n have_v here_o be_v prejudge_v and_o the_o injury_n have_v go_v no_o far_o then_o à _fw-la simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o damnage_n and_o interest_n incur_v but_o it_o seem_v the_o exchequer_n be_v still_o judge_n in_o criminibus_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-la residuis_fw-la the_o
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n audient_fw-la with_o we_o these_o bishop_n abstain_v from_o vot_v in_o criminal_a process_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n though_o there_o they_o sit_v as_o heritor_n rather_o than_o as_o mere_a churchman_n and_o so_o may_v pretend_v to_o a_o voice_n upon_o that_o account_n ii_o the_o commissar_n be_v the_o bishop_n official_o and_o so_o have_v least_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o other_o court_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n account_v crime_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n be_v because_o that_o court_n as_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a court_n &_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la consider_v these_o verbal_a injury_n as_o scandal_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o punish_v the_o same_o with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o with_o church_n censure_n such_o as_o to_o make_v the_o offender_n stand_v at_o the_o church_n door_n to_o expiate_v a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
blame_v who_o do_v not_o either_o preveen_n or_o repledge_a baily_n of_o regality_n may_v likewise_o repledge_a from_o the_o king_n lieutenent_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 19_o of_o august_n 1596._o and_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o likewise_o from_o any_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n as_o be_v find_v in_o may_n 1568._o and_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o riot_n and_o blood_n as_o be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n july_n 1617._o though_o these_o cause_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n and_o require_v summar_n and_o unexpensive_a cognition_n seem_v to_o require_v easy_a and_o less_o solemn_a trial_n in_o the_o procedor_fw-la than_o repledgiation_n will_v allow_v and_o yet_o by_o c._n 11._o the_o appell_n i_o find_v that_o licebat_fw-la in_o remimina_fw-la appellare_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o party_n injure_v complain_v since_o they_o may_v have_v make_v their_o application_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n nor_o shall_v their_o error_n prejudge_v his_o jurisdiction_n vii_o the_o manner_n of_o repledgiation_n from_o any_o court_n be_v that_o either_o the_o party_n himself_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o repledge_v or_o some_o other_o have_v a_o procurator_n from_o he_o compear_v and_o produce_v his_o charter_n of_o erection_n from_o the_o production_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v not_o sufficient_a see_v that_o be_v but_o assertio_fw-la notarii_fw-la yet_o sometime_o without_o production_n of_o the_o charter_n repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v because_o it_o be_v notour_n that_o the_o repledger_n have_v a_o regality_n as_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_z case_n 1637._o as_o also_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o criminal_a register_n bear_v that_o it_o be_v former_o sustain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n may_v 1668._o arducaple_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o highland_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o production_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n retour_fw-fr will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v a_o regality_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o shall_v since_o a_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o sentence_n and_o so_o be_v a_o sufficient_a instruction_n till_o it_o be_v reduce_v he_o who_o offer_v to_o repledge_a must_v find_v caution_n of_o culrach_n to_o do_v justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o he_o repledge_v and_o if_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o be_v repledged_a do_v not_o justice_n within_o year_n and_o day_n he_o tine_v his_o court_n as_o we_o call_v it_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o culrach_n for_o so_o the_o cautioner_n be_v call_v who_o have_v upon_o his_o become_a cautioner_n borrow_v the_o defender_n be_v in_o a_o unlaw_n and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o he_o be_v borrow_v or_o repledged_a may_v proceed_v to_o do_v justice_n as_o former_o skeen_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n the_o panel_n likewise_o who_o be_v repledged_a must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n before_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n the_o 16._o of_o may_v 1599_o patrick_n m_n ckalla_o against_o the_o regality_n of_o lennox_n no_o person_n can_v be_v repledged_a except_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o court_n from_o which_o he_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a for_o a_o party_n who_o be_v absent_a can_v find_v caution_n to_o sist_z himself_o before_o the_o court_n to_o which_o he_o be_v repledged_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o armstrong_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v some_o customer_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o annandale_n anno_fw-la 1666._o nor_o can_v a_o person_n be_v repledged_a after_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la it_o must_v be_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la propon_v dum_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la viii_o when_o regality_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n express_v therein_o and_o though_o that_o burgh_n may_v choose_v baily_n yet_o the_o bailie_n of_o regality_n have_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o those_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n of_o regality_n in_o that_o same_o way_n that_o other_o superior_n retain_v still_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o their_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 24._o of_o january_n 1668._o betwixt_o the_o bailie_n of_o killimure_n and_o the_o burgh_n thereof_o this_o burgh_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v a_o sufficient_a prison_n not_o only_o for_o criminal_n but_o for_o debtor_n by_o the_o 273._o act_n 15._o parl._n ja._n 6._o and_o all_o caption_n bear_v the_o letter_n to_o be_v direct_a to_o baily_n of_o regality_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o by_o that_o act_n these_o burgh_n seem_v only_o to_o be_v oblige_v to_o entertain_v prisoner_n where_o there_o be_v provost_n baily_n and_o common-good_a nota_fw-la that_o these_o word_n of_o that_o act_n by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o stewart_n and_o baily_n of_o regality_n be_v ill_o print_v for_o the_o word_n to_o shall_v be_v or_o the_o lord_n likewise_o decide_v thus_o against_o the_o baily_n of_o regality_n the_o 7._o of_o july_n 1668._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la callender_n in_o this_o burgh_n all_o court_n must_v be_v hold_v yet_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o compear_v at_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o regality_n to_o which_o they_o be_v express_o cite_v as_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o case_n the_o 16._o of_o march_n 1622._o or_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v in_o use_n to_o hold_v his_o court_n else_o where_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n without_o interruption_n the_o vassal_n or_o any_o other_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v thereat_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n design_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o erection_n as_o had._n observe_v december_n 1624._o and_o if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a dwell_v within_o the_o regality_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n the_o repledgiation_n will_v be_v sustain_v though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v accuse_v he_o be_v remove_v without_o the_o regality_n as_o be_v find_v the_o 21._o of_o november_n 1632._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o weems_n who_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v repledged_a to_o the_o regality_n of_o methwen_n lord_n of_o regality_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v justice-court_n twice_o a_o year_n 3._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o act._n 5._o and_o if_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o cause_v rest_n and_o steal_a good_n be_v restore_v the_o sheriff_n may_v fulfil_v their_o place_n act_n 11._o parl._n 15._o ja._n 2._o and_o when_o erection_n fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la judge_v by_o the_o justice_n act_n 26._o par._n 6._o k._n i._n 6_o but_o this_o act_n can_v only_o take_v place_n till_o a_o stewart_n or_o bailie_n be_v appoint_v for_o regulariter_fw-la the_o king_n own_o stewart_n of_o regality_n may_v repledge_v from_o the_o justice_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v fit_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o must_v administer_v by_o a_o bailie_n who_o be_v sometime_o admit_v by_o a_o simple_a commission_n during_o his_o life_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v heritable_a bailie_n which_o right_o pass_v by_o infestment_n but_o this_o bailie_n be_v in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o stewart_n of_o the_o regality_n though_o sometime_o the_o king_n depute_n in_o regality_n be_v likewise_o call_v baily_n as_o in_o the_o 5._o act._n 3._o parl._n k_o i._n 2._o ix_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v cite_v witness_n without_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o must_v have_v letter_n of_o supplement_n for_o that_o office_n though_o general_o they_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o justice-general_n do_v but_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n to_o enter_v as_o law-will_a from_o the_o defender_n after_o sentence_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 7._o of_o october_n 1668._o betwixt_o mr._n john_n prestoun_n and_o mr._n john_n pape_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a privilege_n than_o the_o justice_n have_v who_o can_v present_o exact_v caution_n of_o any_o person_n for_o pay_v a_o unlaw_n but_o can_v only_o raise_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o adjournal_n the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v right_a to_o the_o single_a escheat_n of_o rebel_n live_v within_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o to_o the_o escheat_n of_o all_o person_n condemn_v for_o crime_n commit_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n albeit_o condemn_v by_o the_o justice_n from_o which_o general_a rule_n hope_v in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n except_v only_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o exception_n may_v not_o be_v likewise_o make_v of_o all_o other_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n see_v the_o lord_n
of_o regality_n be_v no_o more_o judge_n competent_a to_o these_o than_o he_o be_v to_o treason_n i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o a_o lord_n of_o regality_n may_v place_v a_o gallow_n upon_o any_o part_n of_o his_o vassal_n land_n lie_v within_o his_o regality_n and_o at_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o may_v for_o unaquaeque_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la and_o what_o be_v lawful_a in_o some_o part_n be_v where_o there_o be_v no_o restriction_n lawful_a in_o any_o part_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o former_a place_n fix_v upon_o by_o custom_n i_o think_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n can_v not_o alter_v the_o same_o 2._o if_o there_o be_v any_o apparent_a design_n of_o affront_a the_o vassal_n i_o believe_v he_o can_v not_o use_v this_o privilege_n as_o if_o he_o do_v offer_v to_o place_v the_o gallow_n at_o his_o vassal_n gate_n or_o at_o his_o garden-door_n or_o any_o such_o place_n for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o quilibet_fw-la potest_fw-la uti_fw-la jure_fw-la svo_fw-la it_o add_v modo_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la principaliter_fw-la in_o aemulationem_fw-la alterius_fw-la 3._o even_o in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v some_o moderamon_n &_o decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o application_n to_o the_o council_n they_o will_v appoint_v some_o person_n to_o choose_v a_o indifferent_a place_n for_o even_o in_o these_o servitude_n ubi_fw-la unaquequae_fw-la gleba_fw-la seruit_fw-la hoc_fw-la accipiendum_fw-la est_fw-la â—iviliter_fw-la say_v the_o law_n &_o non_fw-la judaice_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v grant_v i_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o way_n to_o my_o house_n through_o any_o part_n of_o his_o ground_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o compel_v he_o to_o throw_v down_o his_o garden_n wall_n or_o to_o suffer_v i_o to_o go_v thorrow_o his_o corn_n if_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v another_o passage_n find_v though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o near_o title_n xii_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o sheriff_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o office_n and_o how_o it_o be_v convey_v in_o scotland_n 2._o he_o be_v the_o chief_a preserver_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o so_o many_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n apprehend_v sayer_n of_o mass_n false_a coiner_n etc._n etc._n 3._o he_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n 4._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n 5._o whether_o he_o may_v judge_v where_o no_o private_a party_n complain_v 6._o he_o shall_v attend_v the_o justice_n air_n 7._o how_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o transgress_v in_o his_o office_n alluredus_fw-la in_o the_o league_n make_v with_o guntherus_n king_n of_o denmark_n divide_v england_n in_o satrapias_fw-la centurias_fw-la &_o decurias_fw-la and_o call_v satrapiam_fw-la a_o shire_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o section_n or_o division_n of_o land_n from_o the_o word_n shire_n which_o signify_v to_o cut_v so_o that_o a_o sherifdom_n be_v a_o jurisdiction_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o particular_a limit_a country_n it_o be_v call_v in_o our_o latin_a stile_n vice_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o though_o most_o of_o the_o shire_n in_o scotland_n be_v erect_v in_o sherifdome_n by_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o by_o a_o unprint_v act_n in_o anno_fw-la 1504_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v unite_v or_o divide_v sherifdom_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o his_o majesty_n erect_v a_o burgh-royal_a or_o barony_n within_o the_o sherifdome_n yet_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o they_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o he_o but_o not_o privative_a of_o he_o sheriff_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o during_o life_n and_o then_o the_o office_n pass_v by_o a_o signatour_n and_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v confer_v as_o a_o heritable_a right_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o it_o be_v transmit_v in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o manner_n with_o other_o heritable_a right_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v merum_fw-la jus_o incorporeum_fw-la it_o require_v no_o seize_v but_o albeit_o all_o these_o heritable_a office_n be_v upon_o good_a reason_n discharge_v by_o the_o 44_o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o see_v industria_fw-la personae_fw-la respicitur_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la and_o albeit_o k._n i._n 6._o and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o do_v design_n to_o buy_v in_o all_o the_o heritable_a sherifship_n and_o buy_v in_o many_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n enjoy_v by_o nobleman_n and_o other_o ii_o the_o sheriff_n of_o scotland_n have_v a_o civil_a and_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v that_o which_o we_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v as_o peculiar_a to_o this_o treatise_n the_o sheriff_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o supreme_a justice_n of_o peace_n to_o who_o be_v main_o entrust_v by_o the_o law_n the_o secure_n of_o the_o quiet_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o though_o no_o other_o person_n be_v allow_v to_o ride_v with_o gather_n of_o the_o liedge_n yet_o the_o sheriff_n be_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o convocation_n upon_o that_o account_n see_v he_o may_v convocat_n at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o repress_v of_o tumult_n and_o upon_o many_o other_o account_n as_o be_v find_v in_o february_n 1664_o betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n and_o the_o laird_n of_o ballingown_n for_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o his_o office_n to_o discharge_v all_o convocation_n of_o the_o liedge_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v he_o shall_v continue_v his_o court_n and_o advertise_v the_o king_n k._n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o act._n 104._o albeit_o in_o civilibus_fw-la neither_o the_o sheriff_n nor_o baron_n can_v hold_v court_n in_o feriat_fw-la or_o close_o time_n of_o vacance_n yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o may_v hold_v court_n during_o the_o time_n of_o vacance_n quia_fw-la periculum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o mora_fw-la as_o be_v observe_v by_o haddingtoun_n the_o 19_o january_n 1623._o and_o sheriff_n have_v not_o power_n to_o exact_a caution_n from_o a_o malefactor_n to_o under_o the_o law_n for_o he_o can_v proceed_v except_o either_o the_o defender_n be_v cite_v or_o deprehensus_fw-la inflagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la 25._o mart._n 1628._o the_o sheriff_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n quen_o marry_o her_o 9_o parl._n act._n 37._o albeit_o the_o praxi_fw-la none_o use_v to_o judge_v witchcraft_n but_o the_o justice_n or_o such_o as_o have_v a_o particular_a commission_n from_o the_o council_n they_o shall_v apprehend_v the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n act_n 5._o pa._n 1._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o the_o striker_n of_o false_a coin_n i._o 3._o pa._n 3._o cap._n 18._o but_o they_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n express_o to_o proceed_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o else_o the_o law_n have_v express_o allow_v they_o the_o same_o &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la they_o shall_v apprehend_v punish_v and_o banish_v sorner_n i._o 2._o p._n 6._o cap._n 22._o egyptian_n i._n 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 124._o idle-man_n ja._n 1._o p._n 3._o cap._n 66._o shooter_n with_o firework_n q._n marry_o par._n 4._o cap._n 9_o forestallers_a i._o 5._o p._n 4._o cap._n 20._o transporter_n of_o neat_a and_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n ja._n 6._o par._n 7._o cap._n 124._o ja._n 6_o par._n 12._o cap._n 129._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v k._n i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 84._o iii_o sheriff_n may_v at_o any_o time_n condemn_v for_o blood-weits_a but_o the_o penalty_n can_v exceed_v fifty_o pound_n the_o sheriff_n nor_o no_o other_o inferior_a judge_n can_v judge_v the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n open_a robbery_n fire_n raise_v and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n yet_o of_o old_a sheriff_n may_v sit_v upon_o slaughter_n if_o the_o committer_n be_v attactht_v within_o forty_o day_n thereafter_o cap._n 59_o quon_n attach_v and_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o i._o 1._o and_o if_o he_o be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o the_o sheriff_n within_o that_o sun_n ibid._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o 28_o act_n parl._n 3_o k._n i._n 4._o three_o sun_n be_v allow_v conform_a to_o the_o old_a law_n and_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o slaughter_n flee_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v acquaint_v the_o next_o sheriff_n and_o so_o from_o one_o judge_n to_o another_o until_o the_o committer_n be_v apprehend_v and_o when_o he_o be_v take_v he_o be_v to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o that_o sheriff_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v where_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v upon_o he_o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n he_o shall_v die_v
for_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n shall_v be_v sustain_v except_o it_o be_v otherwise_o warrant_v then_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o clerk_n albeit_o by_o the_o 75._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o the_o baron_n precept_n for_o summons_n in_o that_o court_n be_v so_o call_v shall_v be_v execute_v as_o summons_n before_o the_o lord_n and_o copy_n shall_v be_v leave_v and_o they_o endorse_v upon_o yet_o the_o 11._o of_o july_n 1634._o hay_o against_o airth_n it_o be_v find_v that_o execution_n by_o a_o baron_n officer_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o give_v in_o writ_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n iii_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n may_v judge_v of_o theft_n if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o fang_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 100_o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o baro_fw-la qui_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habet_fw-la de_fw-la sock_n &_o sack_n towle_z &_o theme_n possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la furem_fw-la sasitum_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la furto_fw-la manifesto_fw-la sicut_fw-la haud_fw-la haebband_n &_o back_o beirand_a de_fw-fr praxi_fw-la baron_n do_v not_o punish_v slaughter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v so_o because_o 1._o the_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n will_v import_v the_o power_n of_o judge_a life_n and_o death_n 2._o by_o the_o 77._o cap._n quon_n attach_v omnes_fw-la barrones_n qui_fw-la habent_fw-la furcam_fw-la &_o fossam_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la de_fw-la hominis_fw-la occissione_n habeant_fw-la furcam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la curiam_fw-la as_o the_o marginal_a note_n bear_v and_o by_o the_o 13._o cap._n leg._n mal._n 2._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o malefactor_n who_o hold_v of_o baron_n may_v be_v condemn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o other_o malefactor_n be_v except_o in_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o which_o baron_n have_v no_o power_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v very_o clear_o infer_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la other_o crime_n they_o have_v nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la 3._o by_o the_o 91._o act_n parl._n 1_o i._o 2._o it_o be_v statute_n if_o a_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o barony_n if_o the_o baron_n be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o the_o sheriff_n do_v and_o albeit_o hope_v in_o his_o large_a practic_n observe_n that_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n if_o he_o be_v infest_v with_o such_o freedom_n may_v receive_v various_a interpretation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o interpretation_n they_o can_v proper_o receive_v except_o this_o that_o these_o word_n be_v mean_v if_o he_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n proper_a and_o competent_a to_o a_o baron_n which_o be_v pit_n and_o gallow_n nam_fw-la verba_fw-la generabia_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la secundum_fw-la subjectam_fw-la materiam_fw-la albeit_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o a_o baron_n may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o punish_v the_o raiser_n of_o fire_n rash_o within_o husband_n town_n in_o the_o barony_n i._o 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v if_o fire_n happen_v within_o husband_n town_n of_o barony_n we_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o lord_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bailiff_n in_o town_n do_v within_o burgh_n in_o which_o act_n by_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v mean_v baron_n for_o they_o be_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n call_v lord_n of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o barony_n a_o baron_n may_v unlaw_n for_o absence_n for_o ten_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o and_o for_o blood_n he_o may_v unlaw_n for_o fifty_o pound_n but_o not_o above_o vitle_n fourteen_o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n our_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v call_v irenarchae_fw-la which_o signify_v in_o the_o greek_a the_o keeper_n of_o the_o peace_n irenarchae_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la tutelam_fw-la quietis_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la per_fw-la singula_fw-la territoria_fw-la faciunt_fw-la stare_v concordiam_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la etiam_fw-la latrunculatores_fw-la sen_fw-la latronum_fw-la expulsores_fw-la their_o office_n be_v to_o apprehend_v rebel_n and_o thief_n who_o they_o can_v only_o examine_v and_o send_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n but_o can_v not_o judge_v they_o themselves_o their_o office_n be_v more_o full_o describe_v lib._n 10._o c._n tit_n 75._o but_o to_o speak_v proper_o latrunculatores_fw-la be_v our_o constable_n call_v by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d justice_n of_o peace_n and_o constable_n be_v once_o full_o settle_v among_o we_o by_o k._n i._n 6._o but_o their_o office_n have_v fall_v in_o desuetude_n it_o be_v revive_v by_o 38._o act_n 1._o parl._n 1_o sess._n k._n ch._n the_o 2._o by_o this_o act_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n and_o to_o adjudge_v of_o servant_n fee_n and_o of_o mend_v the_o high_a way_n they_o have_v power_n to_o punish_v the_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v green_a wood_n slayer_n of_o red_a and_o black_a fish_n maker_n of_o moorburn_a keeper_n of_o crooves_n wilful_a beggar_n egyptian_n and_o their_o receptor_n drunkard_n prophaner_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o to_o all_o which_o his_o majesty_n promise_v to_o give_v they_o ample_a commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n their_o power_n may_v not_o prejudge_v any_o other_o court_n former_o erect_v it_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n that_o fifteen_o day_n shall_v expire_v after_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o committer_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v which_o interval_n be_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n competent_a to_o do_v diligence_n and_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o same_o during_o that_o time_n than_o the_o justice_n may_v judge_v the_o same_o and_o one_o justice_n have_v power_n to_o bind_v the_o party_n complain_v upon_o to_o the_o peace_n under_o such_o pecunial_a sum_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o complainer_n who_o shall_v give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o dread_v harm_n or_o the_o justice_n himself_o may_v exact_v the_o sum_n though_o none_o complain_v and_o if_o any_o person_n be_v charge_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n shall_v refuse_v it_o he_o be_v a_o land_a man_n who_o rent_n exceed_v a_o thousand_o mark_n or_o ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n than_o he_o shall_v inform_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n he_o may_v cause_n bring_v he_o by_o force_n before_o himself_o if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n condemn_v any_o person_n in_o blood-weit_a or_o any_o other_o pain_n but_o not_o proportional_o to_o the_o offence_n then_o the_o justice_n shall_v inform_v the_o privy_a council_n that_o they_o may_v take_v order_n therewith_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n to_o the_o party_n the_o justice_n may_v modify_v a_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n if_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n do_v by_o collusion_n clear_v the_o delinquent_n of_o a_o assize_n the_o party_n once_o clear_v be_v not_o to_o be_v further_o question_v but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o riot_n and_o break_v of_o peace_n if_o the_o committeeâ—s_v be_v under_o the_o degree_n of_o nobleman_n prelate_n counsellor_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n who_o may_v refer_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o summon_v and_o thereupon_o hold_v he_o as_o confess_v but_o if_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o personal_o execute_v than_o the_o defender_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v of_o new_a at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o these_o two_o citation_n at_o his_o dwell_a house_n shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o one_o that_o be_v personal_a if_o the_o committer_n be_v above_o the_o foresay_a quality_n than_o the_o justice_n though_o they_o can_v judge_v they_o may_v for_o prevent_v of_o riot_n command_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o keep_v of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o compear_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o though_o they_o compear_v not_o yet_o whatever_o breach_n they_o commit_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_n as_o great_a a_o contravention_n as_o if_o they_o have_v find_v caution_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o quarter_n session_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o council_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o they_o either_o have_v commit_v or_o have_v under_o surety_n with_o a_o short_a abreviat_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o former_a title_n call_v transmittere_fw-la cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o council_n may_v determine_v betwixt_o and_o the_o quarter_n session_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o
but_o i_o believe_v this_o invasion_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n upon_o that_o court_n after_o he_o be_v create_v a_o officer_n of_o state_n but_o to_o solve_v this_o doubt_n my_o lord_n rentoun_n at_o his_o admission_n be_v find_v by_o act_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o be_v a_o member_n and_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n there_o the_o 10._o of_o december_n 1663._o and_o now_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o justice-general_n chair_n when_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o justice_n court_n have_v a_o seal_n which_o they_o append_v to_o public_a act_n and_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o justice-cleâ—k-deput_a this_o deput_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n by_o way_n of_o commission_n give_v he_o power_n to_o be_v clerk_n to_o all_o couâ—ts_n hold_v by_o his_o majesty_n justice-general_a or_o deput_n or_o any_o have_v particular_a commission_n either_o at_o edinburgh_n or_o else_o where_o and_o therefore_o no_o justice_n court_n either_o in_o the_o border_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v lawful_a except_o it_o be_v serve_v either_o by_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a or_o any_o have_a commission_n from_o he_o it_o seem_v that_o of_o old_a the_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n do_v use_v to_o write_v criminal_a letter_n without_o receive_v caution_n but_o that_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o 34._o act_n 4._o par._n ja._n 5._o and_o now_o though_o writer_n to_o the_o signet_n may_v subscribe_v the_o letter_n yet_o the_o justice-clerk-deput_a can_v only_o write_v the_o deliverance_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o receive_v caution_n and_o therefore_o he_o write_v upon_o the_o bill_n soverty_n be_v find_v and_o subscribe_v the_o famine_n hâ—s_n receive_v caution_n be_v likewise_o warrant_v by_o the_o 78._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o v._o the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o these_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v four_o with_o we_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v ravish_v of_o woman_n murder_n and_o robbery_n or_o reif_n l._n malcol_n 2._o cap._n 13._o and_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o belong_v not_o to_o burgh_n leg_n burg_n c._n 6._o nor_o to_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n quon_n attach_v c._n 76._o leguntur_fw-la st._n alex._n c._n 14._o faemina_fw-la efforciata_fw-la arsione_n rapina_fw-la &_o murdrum_fw-la molineus_n in_o stil._n cur_n paris_n part_n 1._o c._n 13._o observe_n that_o in_o france_n three_o crime_n belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o high_a justice_n wilful_a fire_n ravish_v of_o woman_n and_o murder_n nor_o can_v any_o other_o judge_n proceed_v to_o judge_v these_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v particular_o warrant_v by_o a_o gift_n from_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n skeen_n verb._n murder_n vi_o the_o justice_n court_n have_v its_o macer_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o stent_v to_o a_o particular_a number_n and_o though_o of_o old_a among_o the_o roman_n a_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v his_o private_a authority_n and_o force_n draw_v the_o defender_n before_o the_o judge_n in_o jus_o rapere_fw-la in_o jus_o trahi_fw-la which_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o grecian_n as_o they_o do_v most_o of_o their_o law_n for_o demosthenes_n their_o great_a lawyer_n tell_v we_o in_o orat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o ordinary_o even_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o apparitor_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o who_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o macer_n qui_fw-la volentes_fw-la vocabant_fw-la recusantes_fw-la urgebant_fw-la the_o mace_n use_v by_o these_o with_o we_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o iron_n rod_n which_o be_v the_o symbol_n of_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o verse_n 2._o ps._n the_o coroner_n be_v a_o officer_n who_o take_v inquisition_n of_o murder_n in_o corona_fw-la populi_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o ednam_n be_v the_o heritable_a coroner_n in_o scotland_n but_o this_o office_n be_v absolet_n now_o except_o at_o justice_n air_n where_o the_o coroner_n yet_o present_v all_o malefactor_n and_o take_v they_o to_o and_o from_o prison_n title_n xvi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n over_o soldier_n and_o of_o militiary_a crime_n 1._o when_o be_v the_o justices-iudge_n to_o soldier_n 2._o a_o debate_n concern_v free_a quarter_n 3._o haddo_n case_n 4._o sometime_o commission_n be_v grant_v for_o try_v soldier_n 5._o how_o deserter_n be_v punish_v 6._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o soldier_n among_o the_o roman_n i._o albeit_o soldier_n shall_v be_v try_v by_o a_o court_n martial_a for_o crime_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o a_o military_a capacity_n as_o desert_v their_o colour_n resi_v their_o officer_n etc._n etc._n yet_o when_o they_o commâ—t_v other_o crime_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o criminal_a court._n for_o as_o voet._n observe_v delicta_fw-la militum_fw-la sunt_fw-la vel_fw-la communia_fw-la vel_fw-la propria_fw-la lib._n 2._o de_fw-la remilit_fw-la and_o thus_o french_a and_o two_o other_o soulâ—iers_n under_o morgan_n in_o the_o english_a garrison_n of_o leith_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o kill_v a_o burgess_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o morgan_n offer_v to_o repledge_v they_o january_n 1662._o and_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n will_v not_o proceed_v against_o some_o gentleman_n for_o the_o slaughter_n because_o they_o be_v both_o soldier_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o crime_n shall_v have_v be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o person_n determine_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o their_o crime_n be_v only_o a_o combat_n which_o be_v no_o specific_a crime_n to_o soldier_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o a_o decision_n novemb_n 1627._o where_o captain_n bruce_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a captain_n hamiltoun_n do_v petition_v the_o council_n show_v they_o that_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v in_o flanders_n and_o that_o he_o be_v assoâ—lzied_v therefra_fw-la by_o a_o council_n of_o war_n upon_o which_o probation_n the_o council_n command_v the_o justice_n to_o desist_v but_o sir_n william_n bellenden_n be_v challenge_v before_o the_o council_n for_o many_o riot_n and_o crime_n commit_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o west_n they_o will_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o a_o council_n of_o war_n albeit_o that_o declinator_fw-la be_v propon_v august_n 1667._o and_o militia_n soldier_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n for_o murder_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o other_o officer_n command_n the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o ii_o the_o most_o considerable_a military_a question_n which_o i_o remember_v in_o all_o the_o adjournal_n book_n be_v first_o that_o which_o be_v debate_v 5._o decemb._n 1666._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v some_o west_n country_n man_n have_v form_v themselves_o in_o a_o army_n and_o be_v declare_v traitor_n by_o the_o council_n and_o be_v thereafter_o beat_v at_o pentland_n hill_n captain_n arnot_n major_a mackulloch_n and_o other_o be_v take_v by_o some_o of_o his_o majesty_n inferior_a officer_n upon_o quarter_n but_o be_v pannel_v before_o the_o justice_n as_o traitor_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o they_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n before_o the_o justice_n because_o they_o have_v be_v model_v in_o a_o army_n and_o take_v in_o the_o field_n fight_v as_o soldier_n they_o behove_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o military_a law_n and_o by_o that_o law_n such_o as_o get_v quarter_n in_o the_o field_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n secure_v therein_o for_o their_o life_n and_o can_v be_v hereafter_o quarrel_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarter_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o number_n nor_o form_n of_o the_o army_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v bellum_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o public_a insurrection_n of_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n be_v rather_o sedition_n then_o bellum_fw-la and_o these_o insurrection_n be_v treason_n none_o can_v remit_v treason_n but_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o quarter_n can_v not_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o remission_n but_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o quarter_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o secure_v these_o who_o get_v the_o same_o from_o present_a death_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o who_o get_v quarter_n from_o any_o who_o be_v authorize_v to_o be_v soldier_n be_v by_o that_o quarter_n against_o that_o authority_n from_o who_o these_o soldier_n derive_v their_o power_n and_o these_o who_o get_v the_o quarter_n be_v not_o to_o dispute_v whether_o these_o soldier_n have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o give_v quarter_n or_o whether_o bellum_fw-la be_v justum_fw-la or_o injustum_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o destroy_v quarter_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v all_o such_o as_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o be_v desperate_a and_o irreclaimable_a
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o intricat_a as_o in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o theft-boot_n which_o be_v advocate_n from_o the_o sheriff-deput_a of_o invernesse_n eo_fw-la ex_fw-la capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n also_o pretend_v that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o other_o court_n because_o this_o will_v draw_v they_o from_o attend_v the_o session_n but_o the_o act_n 39_o pa._n 6._o q._n m._n whereon_o this_o be_v found_v seem_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o remove_n so_o that_o no_o action_n concern_v remove_n shall_v be_v advocate_n but_o in_o these_o case_n viz._n deadly_a fead_z where_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v party_n or_o the_o defender_n a_o member_n of_o the_o session_n and_o yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o advocation_n but_o they_o can_v advocate_n from_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o first_o libel_n which_o be_v advocate_v must_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o pursuit_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v desert_v the_o diet_n which_o caution_n be_v necessary_a because_o the_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o caution_n be_v find_v be_v alter_v and_o neither_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o his_o cautioner_n be_v bind_v to_o insist_v before_o any_o other_o court_n the_o defender_n likewise_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o who_o raise_v the_o advocation_n be_v obliedge_v to_o renew_v his_o caution_n that_o he_o will_v under_o the_o law_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v imprison_v he_o the_o taiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n mus_fw-la intimate_fw-la to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o principal_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o advocation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v pursuer_fw-mi may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v and_o when_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o the_o court_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o court_n from_o which_o it_o be_v advocate_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o they_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n of_o their_o own_o competency_n but_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v supreme_a and_o sovereign_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o many_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o session_n also_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n especial_o since_o these_o reason_n of_o advocation_n do_v very_o frequent_o do_v upon_o subtlety_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v that_o law_n exact_o as_o for_o instance_n i_o have_v see_v a_o advocation_n raise_v of_o a_o libel_n in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n from_o before_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
thus_o forasmeikle_n as_o by_o such_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n murder_n etc._n etc._n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o pain_n declare_v to_o etc._n etc._n yet_o you_o a._n b._n do_v upon_o the_o 27._o day_n at_o least_o month_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v write_v only_o by_o the_o justice_n clerk_n without_o a_o bill_n and_o pass_v not_o the_o signet_n nor_o need_v it_o be_v execute_v with_o the_o solemnity_n requisite_a in_o libel_v summons_n by_o messenger_n in_o ordinary_a crime_n and_o herald_n in_o treason_n but_o may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o clerk_n servant_n as_o be_v find_v in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o treason_n pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n against_o mackulloch_n gordoun_n and_o other_o 5._o decemb._n 1666._o it_o need_v not_o likewise_o these_o inducias_fw-la deliberatorias_fw-la allow_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o liberty_n and_o be_v pursue_v by_o a_o libel_v summons_n but_o a_o day_n or_o two_o be_v sufficient_a and_o sometime_o they_o may_v be_v pursue_v without_o any_o time_n to_o be_v allow_v for_o this_o procedure_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o that_o inquisition_n special_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o indictment_n and_o a_o accusation_n that_o a_o indictment_n proper_o be_v a_o libel_n raise_v at_o the_o king_n instance_n and_o not_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o private_a person_n for_o in_o accusation_n or_o libel_n raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o private_a person_n as_o pursuer_n there_o must_v be_v a_o formal_a libel_v summons_n under_o the_o signet_n so_o cap._n 1._o r._n m._n lib._n 1._o num_fw-la 7._o &_o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o theft_n and_o murder_n by_o indictment_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o there_o the_o king_n or_o his_o advocate_n pursue_v but_o where_o a_o certain_a accuser_n appear_v a_o pursuit_n upon_o these_o crime_n may_v be_v intent_a before_o the_o sheriff_n and_o skeen_n upon_o that_o chapter_n and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o 2._o cap._n num_fw-la 2._o david_n stat._n 2._o do_v observe_v that_o all_o criminal_a accusation_n be_v either_o by_o a_o indictment_n or_o by_o a_o certain_a accuser_n and_o from_o this_o difference_n arise_v that_o other_o difference_n that_o crimen_fw-la per_fw-la indictamentum_fw-la be_v only_o pursuable_a before_o the_o justice_n which_o be_v clear_a both_o by_o the_o forecited_a place_n and_o the_o whole_a tract_n of_o the_o book_n of_o r._n m._n but_o this_o last_o difference_n be_v now_o absolet_n for_o of_o late_a before_o the_o sheriff_n or_o at_o inferior_a court_n malefactor_n may_v be_v pursue_v either_o by_o a_o libel_v summons_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o particular_a accuser_n or_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o practic_a be_v most_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o great_a duty_n and_o chief_a employment_n it_o be_v to_o advert_v to_o crime_n shall_v not_o have_v liberty_n to_o pursue_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o a_o accuser_n it_o be_v indeed_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n ne_fw-la crimina_fw-la maneant_fw-la impunita_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o crime_n which_o immediate_o concern_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o state_n such_o as_o treason_n sedition_n etc._n etc._n every_o man_n may_v be_v a_o accuser_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o the_o advantage_n of_o every_o private_a person_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o every_o malicious_a enemy_n upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o public_a good_a to_o trouble_v and_o vex_v such_o against_o who_o they_o carry_v malice_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o the_o common_a law_n in_o privatis_fw-la delictis_fw-la non_fw-la admittebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la accusâ—ndum_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la svam_fw-la aut_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la insequebatur_fw-la and_o farinac_n state_n suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la to_o extend_v ad_fw-la quartum_fw-la gradum_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v extend_v with_o we_o within_o degree_n defendant_n and_o that_o every_o person_n may_v not_o in_o our_o law_n pursue_v any_o private_a crime_n appear_v from_o the_o former_a chapter_n iii_o a_o minor_a may_v not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n accuse_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o tutor_n and_o curator_n and_o where_o it_o be_v say_v l._n 4._o r._n m._n c._n 2._o that_o a_o major_a be_v of_o lawful_a age_n he_o may_v accuse_v it_o insinuat_v that_o minor_n regular_o can_v accuse_v and_o suitable_a to_o this_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o grant_v process_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o william_n umphray_v against_o john_n meldrum_n because_o the_o say_v william_n be_v minor_a and_o have_v no_o legal_a concourse_n 29._o of_o july_n 1597._o which_o be_v found_v upon_o most_o convince_a reason_n for_o minor_n may_v by_o ill_o govern_v youth_n and_o imprudence_n either_o pursue_v injust_o such_o as_o be_v most_o innocent_a or_o else_o by_o manage_v unwise_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n if_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o they_o they_o may_v prejudge_v both_o themselves_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o suffer_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v cleanse_v by_o a_o verdict_n after_o which_o absolvitour_n the_o defender_n can_v not_o be_v again_o bring_v to_o a_o trial_n nor_o will_v the_o minor_a be_v restore_v against_o the_o sentence_n and_o yet_o a_o minor_a may_v crave_v at_o the_o bar_n that_o the_o justice_n will_v allow_v he_o curatoâ—s_n ad_fw-la light_n which_o desire_n the_o justice_n will_v grant_v 24._o july_n 1600._o spence_n contrae_fw-la bannatine_n iv._o a_o woman_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n can_v not_o accuse_v in_o no_o case_n except_o where_o she_o be_v revenge_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o herself_o husband_n or_o relation_n and_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o woman_n can_v accuse_v none_o of_o felony_n except_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v by_o the_o 5._o chap._n num_fw-la 8._o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o husband_n quia_fw-la una_fw-la caro_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la vir_fw-la &_o uxir_n and_o n._n 9_o it_o be_v general_o ordain_v that_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v any_o injury_n do_v to_o she_o own_o body_n from_o which_o we_o may_v general_o conclude_v that_o she_o may_v pursue_v svam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la wrong_v do_v to_o herself_o but_o not_o wrong_n do_v to_o her_o relation_n v._o whether_o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n or_o excommunicate_a may_v pursue_v appear_v to_o be_v debateable_a for_o the_o one_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o crime_n remain_v not_o unpunished_a 2._o civil_a rebellion_n or_o excommunication_n non_fw-la tollunt_fw-la jura_fw-la naturae_fw-la among_o the_o chief_a whereof_o lawyer_n esteem_v the_o liberty_n of_o pursue_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o relation_n and_o much_o more_o the_o wrong_n do_v to_o one_o self_n in_o his_o person_n or_o good_a name_n 3._o such_o as_o be_v rebel_n for_o civil_a pursuite_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la impunae_fw-la offendi_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o appear_v most_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v debar_v from_o pursue_v wrong_n do_v they_o for_o if_o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n can_v not_o pursue_v the_o wrong_n do_v he_o than_o any_o person_n may_v injure_v he_o at_o pleasure_n see_v the_o fear_n of_o pursuit_n and_o the_o punishment_n depend_v thereupon_o be_v that_o which_o ordinary_o overaw_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o 1._o by_o the_o 11._o cap._n stat._n will._n these_o who_o contemn_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v 2._o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o frustra_fw-la legem_fw-la implorat_fw-la qui_fw-la coptra_fw-la legem_fw-la peccat_fw-la 3._o a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n always_o and_o oftentimes_o in_o our_o law_n say_v to_o be_v outlaw_v and_o to_o be_v outlaw_v import_v the_o lose_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o law_n and_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v say_v non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la nor_o put_v our_o law_n any_o distinction_n betwixt_o civil_a and_o criminal_a cause_n for_o reconcile_a which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o be_v outlaw_v for_o a_o criminal_a or_o civil_a cause_n and_o that_o these_o who_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n upon_o any_o criminal_a account_n can_v be_v pursue_v till_o they_o be_v relaxt_v which_o be_v incontraverted_o true_a in_o our_o law_n see_v if_o a_o person_n be_v denounce_v for_o not_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o appearance_n to_o under_o the_o law_n he_o will_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o propon_n any_o defence_n till_o he_o be_v relaxt_v
be_v general_o by_o lawyer_n think_v to_o be_v a_o syllogism_n wherein_o the_o proposition_n as_o we_o call_v it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o though_o the_o proposition_n be_v ofttimes_o general_o conceive_v thus_o that_o albeit_o by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o crime_n of_o etc._n etc._n be_v express_o forbid_v etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v more_o regular_a to_o express_v the_o particular_a act_n whereupon_o the_o proposition_n be_v found_v the_o subsumption_n of_o the_o libel_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o shall_v condescend_v upon_o the_o actor_n name_n and_o designation_n and_o upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v either_o express_o as_o the_o house_n of_o such_o a_o man_n or_o per_fw-la cohaerentias_fw-la as_o lawyer_n speak_v as_o that_o it_o be_v do_v near_o such_o a_o hill_n water_n etc._n etc._n ii_o that_o the_o place_n must_v be_v design_v be_v express_o require_v l._n libellorum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o day_n or_o month_n must_v be_v express_v be_v more_o controvert_v and_o by_o the_o formula_fw-la express_v in_o the_o former_a law_n the_o place_n and_o month_n be_v necessary_a and_o to_o that_o formula_fw-la be_v there_o subjoin_v their_o word_n neque_fw-la diem_fw-la neque_fw-la horem_fw-la invitus_fw-la comprehendet_fw-la but_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n if_o the_o defender_n compear_v and_o crave_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v express_v the_o day_n because_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v alibi_fw-la than_o the_o judge_n shall_v force_v the_o accuser_n to_o express_v the_o day_n for_o else_o the_o defender_n will_v â—e_v preclude_v from_o prove_v his_o innocence_n bart._n in_o l._n be_v qui_fw-la reus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud._n but_o though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o accuser_n be_v oblige_v to_o express_v yet_o he_o be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v the_o same_o because_o the_o expression_n thereof_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o libel_n but_o only_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o other_o innocence_n bertr_n and_o lib._n 6._o consil._n 61._o as_o also_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v upon_o oath_n depone_v that_o he_o do_v not_o remember_v the_o day_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o omit_v the_o same_o malicious_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o express_v the_o same_o clar._n q._n 12._o num_fw-la 13._o but_o the_o former_a difficulty_n in_o this_o case_n still_o remain_v which_o be_v that_o the_o defender_n lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o defence_n and_o be_v prejudge_v by_o his_o accuser_n ignorance_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o therefore_o cook_n 7._o rep_n calvin_n case_n observe_v that_o a_o indictment_n shall_v be_v most_o curious_o and_o certain_o pen_v and_o by_o the_o 37._o stat._n hen._n 8._o the_o day_n year_n and_o place_n must_v be_v insert_v by_o the_o 80._o ch_z quon_n attach_v these_o seven_o be_v to_o be_v express_v the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n day_n year_n and_o place_n cause_v of_o the_o complaint_n and_o damnage_v according_a to_o our_o law_n either_o the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o depend_v upon_o time_n as_o be_v the_o strike_v one_o in_o the_o session-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o the_o wound_n or_o kill_v one_o in_o time_n of_o divine_a service_n and_o in_o these_o the_o particular_a time_n must_v be_v both_o libel_v and_o prove_v because_o the_o time_n be_v not_o there_o a_o mere_a circumstance_n but_o it_o be_v the_o medium_n concludendi_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o libel_n in_o deforcement_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a because_o it_o condescend_v not_o upon_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v lawful_a if_o the_o rebel_n have_v be_v apprehendded_a upon_o the_o sabbath_n 1671._o but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o may_v have_v be_v propon_v as_o a_o defence_n and_o that_o the_o libel_n without_o the_o day_n be_v relevant_a but_o there_o also_o the_o year_n be_v not_o insert_v nor_o will_v the_o justice_n allow_v the_o fill_n up_o the_o same_o at_o the_o bar_n as_o in_o civil_a case_n but_o in_o other_o case_n where_o the_o crime_n depend_v not_o upon_o time_n we_o use_v to_o libel_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n july_n etc._n etc._n or_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o month_n week_n or_o day_n of_o the_o say_a month_n but_o the_o express_v of_o the_o day_n be_v not_o find_v necessary_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o hay_n i_o be_v find_v the_o 5._o of_o november_n 1612._o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o 8._o of_o july_n 1615._o where_o a_o dittay_n of_o theft_n be_v find_v relevant_a though_o neither_o condescend_v upon_o the_o day_n nor_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o good_n and_o in_o my_o lord_n argyl_v case_n the_o parliament_n find_v it_o not_o necessary_a to_o condescend_v even_o upon_o the_o month_n but_o the_o ordinary_a caution_n allow_v the_o defender_n in_o that_o case_n be_v that_o the_o defender_n may_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la some_o particular_a day_n of_o these_o month_n he_o be_v alibi_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la these_o the_o libel_n will_v not_o be_v relevant_a nor_o he_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o will_v get_v a_o precept_n of_o exculpation_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o one_o shall_v be_v accuse_v of_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n upon_o the_o street_n of_o edinburgh_n he_o may_v allege_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o first_o fortnight_n he_o be_v at_o london_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la so_o many_o other_o day_n thereof_o he_o be_v at_o newcastle_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o witness_n when_o the_o libel_n come_v to_o probation_n do_v depone_v that_o upon_o any_o of_o these_o day_n the_o crime_n be_v commit_v in_o which_o alibi_fw-la be_v prove_v the_o defender_n will_v not_o be_v thereupon_o convict_v for_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi needs_o not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o day_n yet_o the_o witness_n must_v condescend_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o case_n where_o alibi_fw-la be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v but_o otherways_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v whether_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o the_o general_n the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a manner_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v subsume_v upon_o the_o act_n against_o forestalling_a and_o regrate_a that_o the_o defender_n do_v forestall_v but_o do_v not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n from_o who_o the_o corn_n be_v buy_v or_o in_o usury_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a way_n how_o the_o usury_n be_v commit_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n regulariter_fw-la the_o crime_n shall_v be_v particular_o subsume_v because_o else_o the_o relevancy_n can_v be_v debate_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o assize_n shall_v be_v constant_o judge_v of_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o panel_n shall_v be_v put_v oft_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n upon_o irrelevant_a crime_n all_o which_o be_v absurd_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o crime_n such_o as_o forestalling_a and_o regrate_v in_o which_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v the_o crime_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_n for_o in_o this_o crime_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o 148._o act_n par._n 12._o k._n i._n 6._o that_o a_o libel_n bear_v common_a regrate_n or_o forestalling_a in_o the_o general_n shall_v be_v relevant_a without_o condescend_v on_o the_o time_n and_o way_n of_o commit_v the_o same_o and_o according_o upon_o the_o 11._o june_n 1596._o a_o libel_n against_o young_a and_o other_o for_o forestalling_a be_v find_v relevant_a though_o it_o condescend_v not_o upon_o the_o particular_a person_n against_o who_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v for_o common_a usury_n if_o that_o crime_n of_o common_a usury_n may_v be_v sustain_v without_o any_o particular_a condescension_n because_o both_o the_o relevany_n and_o probation_n be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o so_o he_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o any_o defence_n but_o since_o it_o be_v necessary_a by_o a_o particular_a law_n in_o regrate_v to_o appoint_v the_o libel_n to_o be_v find_v relevant_a upon_o that_o general_a it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o regular_o the_o particular_a way_n and_o manner_n must_v be_v condescend_v upon_o else_o that_o particular_a dispensation_n have_v not_o be_v necessary_a whether_o a_o conclusion_n be_v necessary_a in_o criminal_a libel_n be_v likewise_o debate_v among_o lawyer_n but_o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o because_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v crave_v more_o or_o less_o nor_o what_o be_v due_a to_o he_o yet_o in_o criminal_a either_o the_o penalty_n be_v determine_v by_o a_o law_n which_o the_o judge_n must_v follow_v though_o it_o be_v not_o crave_v
or_o otherwise_o the_o pain_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o there_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v by_o his_o petition_n determine_v the_o same_o but_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n l._n 1._o §_o quorum_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n turpil_n l._n ff_o de_fw-fr private_a delicti_fw-la l._n ordine_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la unicipalem_fw-la and_o in_o the_o form_n set_v down_o l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr accusatio_fw-la by_o paulus_n there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n express_v but_o yet_o with_o we_o there_o be_v always_o a_o conclusion_n in_o every_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v general_a and_o i_o perceive_v that_o most_o of_o the_o practitioner_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o at_o least_o a_o general_a conclusion_n shall_v be_v add_v iii_o whether_o a_o libel_n be_v libel_v qualificate_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v pass_v from_o the_o quality_n have_v be_v thus_o determine_v by_o lawyer_n that_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v to_o another_o different_a crime_n it_o can_v be_v pass_v from_o but_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v only_o to_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi libel_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n and_o subsume_v that_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n under_o trust_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o person_n murder_v be_v father_n to_o the_o murderer_n if_o when_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v try_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v declare_v that_o he_o insist_o against_o he_o as_o a_o murderer_n simple_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o person_n kill_v be_v father_n i_o think_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o so_o reform_v or_o declare_v his_o libel_n for_o that_o make_v the_o crime_n to_o differ_v the_o one_o be_v murder_n the_o other_o treason_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o prepare_v he_o to_o defend_v against_o treason_n and_o find_v that_o he_o be_v secure_a as_o to_o the_o crime_n libel_v he_o need_v not_o prepare_v other_o defence_n or_o raise_v exculpation_n for_o that_o effect_n but_o these_o quality_n which_o amount_v only_o to_o aggravation_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o be_v decide_v 11._o november_n 1672._o for_o aikmaâ—_n have_v pursue_v carnegy_n of_o newgate_n for_o oppression_n conform_v to_o the_o 25._o act_n 4._o parl._n k._n i_o 5._o because_o he_o have_v beat_v he_o who_o be_v a_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o office_n the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o magistrate_n because_o he_o have_v not_o take_v the_o declaration_n it_o be_v thereafter_o allege_v that_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v against_o oppression_n and_o not_o against_o beat_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v no_o more_o insist_v upon_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v repel_v for_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o the_o beat_v any_o man_n be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v against_o the_o defender_n for_o beat_v he_o since_o his_o be_v a_o magistrate_n be_v only_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n yet_o this_o seem_v a_o hard_a decision_n since_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o libel_n do_v not_o bear_v that_o beat_v be_v punishable_a nor_o do_v the_o conclusion_n bear_v that_o at_o least_o the_o panel_n be_v punishable_a for_o beat_v a_o free_a liege_n &_o if_o this_o be_v universal_o allow_v alternative_a libel_n be_v unnecessary_a and_o this_o will_v occasion_v much_o looseness_n in_o criminal_a libel_n whereas_o lawyer_n treat_v of_o criminal_a libel_n have_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la vagare_fw-la and_o the_o crime_n of_o oppression_n and_o beat_v be_v different_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o private_a person_n differ_v from_o a_o magistrate_n so_o that_o this_o quality_n make_v the_o person_n the_o crime_n and_o the_o medium_n concludendi_fw-la to_o differ_v iv._o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o our_o custom_n in_o these_o case_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o form_n both_o of_o the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o criminal_a indictment_n now_o in_o use_n with_o we_o a_o criminal_a summons_n charles_n etc._n etc._n humble_o mean_v and_o complain_v to_o we_o by_o our_o lovit_n a._n the_o relict_n b._n sister_n daughter_n and_o near_a kinswoman_n c._n as_o mr._n with_o the_o remanent_fw-la kin_n of_o umquhile_n main_n servant_n to_o the_o say_v c._n and_o our_o right_a trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a councillor_n our_o advocate_n for_o our_o interest_n in_o the_o matter_n underwrite_v upon_o listoun_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n offence_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o say_a umquhile_n man_n have_v conceive_v a_o deadly_a hatred_n and_o evil_a will_n against_o he_o with_o a_o settle_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n to_o bereave_v he_o of_o his_o life_n one_o way_n or_o another_o late_o upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o 〈…〉_z where_o the_o say_a main_n be_v in_o quiet_a and_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n expect_v no_o harm_n injury_n nor_o pursuit_n of_o any_o person_n but_o to_o have_v live_v under_o god_n peace_n and_o we_o and_o the_o say_v listoun_n being_n bodden_fw-mi with_o a_o great_a batton_n or_o ring_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o with_o knife_n and_o other_o invasive_a weapon_n first_o upbraid_v the_o say_a main_n with_o word_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a thief_n and_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n and_o thereafter_o because_o the_o say_a main_n have_v purge_v himself_o of_o that_o calumny_n and_o say_v he_o be_v as_o honest_a a_o man_n as_o himself_o he_o thereupon_o run_v and_o rush_v the_o say_a main_n be_v a_o age_a man_n of_o 74._o year_n of_o age_n to_o the_o ground_n under_o his_o foot_n strike_v he_o in_o the_o head_n craig_n shoulder_n and_o side_n with_o the_o say_v batton_n lap_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o belly_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o knee_n beat_v he_o upon_o the_o heart_n and_o thereby_o break_v and_o bruise_v his_o whole_a entrails_n and_o noble_a part_n thereafter_o hease_v and_o draw_v he_o by_o the_o heel_n off_o the_o said_n land_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o a_o low_a vault_n in_o etc._n etc._n and_o imprison_v he_o therein_o tanquam_fw-la in_o privato_fw-la carcere_fw-la he_o be_v in_o the_o dead_a thraw_n likeas_n within_o three_o hour_n after_o his_o imprison_n in_o the_o say_a vault_n the_o poor_a age_a man_n die_v of_o the_o say_n stroke_n and_o hurt_n likea_n to_o suppress_v the_o murder_n the_o say_a listoun_n with_o his_o complice_n bury_v he_o in_o a_o obscure_a place_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o swa_o the_o say_a main_n be_v shameful_o and_o cruel_o murder_v and_o slay_v and_o secret_o bury_v by_o the_o say_v listoun_n and_o his_o complice_n and_o he_o be_v art_n and_o part_n thereof_o commit_v upon_o set_a purpose_n and_o provision_n and_o forethought_a felony_n in_o high_a and_o manifest_a contempt_n of_o our_o authority_n and_o law_n in_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o commit_v the_o like_a if_o swa_o be_v our_o will_n be_v herefore_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o our_o name_n and_o authority_n command_n and_o charge_n the_o say_a listoun_n committer_n of_o the_o say_v barbarous_a murder_n in_o manner_n foresay_a to_o come_v and_o find_v sufficient_a caution_n surety_n to_o our_o justice_n clerk_n and_o his_o depute_n act_v in_o our_o book_n of_o adjournal_n that_o he_o shall_v compear_v before_o the_o justice_n or_o his_o depute_n to_o underlye_v the_o law_n for_o the_o samen_n in_o our_o tolbuith_n in_o edinburgh_n on_o the_o day_n 〈…〉_z of_o 〈…〉_z in_o the_o hour_n of_o cause_n under_o the_o pain_n contain_v in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o you_o charge_v he_o personal_o if_o that_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v and_o failze_v thereof_o at_o his_o dwell_a house_n and_o by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewatry_n or_o regality_n where_o he_o dwell_v to_o come_v and_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n act_v in_o manner_n foresay_a with_o in_o six_o day_n next_o after_o he_o bee_n charge_v be_v you_o thereto_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o put_v of_o he_o to_o the_o horn_n the_o whilk_fw-mi six_o day_n be_v by_o past_a and_o the_o surety_n not_o be_v find_v that_o you_o immediate_o thereafter_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n and_o put_v he_o to_o our_o horn_n and_o escheat_n and_o in_o bring_v all_o his_o movable_a good_n to_o our_o use_n for_o his_o contemption_n and_o cause_n registrat_n their_o our_o letter_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n within_o fifteen_o day_n thereafter_o conform_v to_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n
law_n and_o a_o principle_n in_o reason_n that_o quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o though_o where_o a_o party_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n and_o confess_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v present_a justice_n upon_o he_o yet_o that_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o make_v judge_n diligent_a but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o preclude_v poor_a panel_n from_o their_o just_a defence_n and_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o inhuman_a and_o unwarrantable_a if_o a_o poor_a panel_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n but_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o kill_v in_o self-defence_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aggressor_n that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a case_n he_o can_v not_o have_v time_n to_o cite_v witness_n for_o that_o effect_n vi_o whether_o a_o person_n who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v in_o a_o criminal_a court_n as_o defender_n at_o a_o particular_a day_n express_v in_o the_o summons_n may_v not_o before_o that_o day_n appear_v in_o edinburgh_n though_o he_o be_v banish_v be_v doubt_v in_o the_o action_n pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n against_o several_a gentleman_n in_o anno_fw-la 1674._o and_o that_o they_o may_v come_v to_o edinburgh_n be_v allow_v because_o be_v cite_v they_o be_v command_v to_o come_v 2._o their_o come_n to_o town_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o thus_o when_o man_n be_v indict_v they_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o free_a prison_n though_o till_o then_o they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a prison_n and_o yet_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v since_o they_o be_v once_o formal_o banish_v and_o so_o the_o banishment_n shall_v be_v formal_o take_v off_o and_o the_o raise_n of_o a_o dittay_n be_v no_o discharge_n of_o the_o banishment_n for_o else_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v discharge_v banishment_n when_o he_o please_v and_o inditement_n bear_v not_o to_o appear_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n but_o at_o such_o a_o day_n 2._o when_o man_n be_v under_o caption_n they_o may_v be_v take_v if_o they_o appear_v before_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o protection_n which_o show_v that_o a_o mere_a citation_n do_v not_o take_v off_o the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v liable_a 3._o protection_n be_v needless_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o citation_n will_v be_v a_o protection_n and_o yet_o protection_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o defender_n in_o such_o case_n as_o also_o it_o be_v doubt_v there_o if_o such_o as_o be_v cite_v upon_o sixty_o day_n may_v compear_v with_o other_o of_o their_o complice_n who_o be_v cite_v upon_o six_o day_n for_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o appear_v upon_o sixty_o day_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o defender_n favour_n and_o so_o he_o may_v renounce_v it_o and_o possible_o he_o can_v compear_v at_o the_o long_a diet_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v choose_v his_o own_o diet_n and_o it_o may_v be_v his_o true_a interest_n sometime_o to_o divide_v the_o defender_n and_o sometime_o his_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o ready_a when_o there_o be_v more_o pursuer_n each_o libel_v a_o distinct_a interest_n as_o three_o brother_n pursue_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o their_o decease_a brother_n though_o they_o be_v all_o three_o kill_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o action_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o two_o of_o the_o pursuer_n be_v absent_a the_o three_o can_v not_o insist_v and_o so_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v upon_o pretext_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v complext_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o interest_n there_o be_v very_o distinct_a though_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n and_o that_o though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o joint_a pursuer_n yet_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o rest_n shall_v not_o prejudge_v any_o one_o who_o have_v a_o sufficient_a interest_n per_fw-la se._n vii_o when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v which_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n by_o the_o act_n i._n 6._o the_o justice-clerk_n call_v the_o summons_n and_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_a and_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a he_o be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v but_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o present_a than_o the_o clerk_n call_v upon_o the_o act_n for_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o in_o either_o case_n a_o act_n be_v extract_v and_o if_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n be_v absent_a the_o pursuer_n cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v outlaw_v and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v likewise_o unlaw_v for_o not_o present_v he_o but_o if_o either_o or_o both_o compear_n the_o cautioner_n take_v instrument_n upon_o their_o report_n the_o letter_n if_o the_o defender_n cautioner_n present_v he_o at_o the_o day_n but_o if_o the_o judge_n be_v absent_a or_o the_o day_n feriat_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a fast_o than_o i_o think_v the_o cautioner_n be_v not_o free_a but_o he_o shall_v present_v he_o at_o a_o day_n wherein_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o his_o obligation_n must_v be_v interpret_v to_o be_v cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o panel_n will_v have_v be_v imprison_v if_o he_o have_v not_o find_v that_o person_n cautioner_n upon_o their_o present_v the_o panel_n than_o the_o defender_n enter_v upon_o panel_n and_o the_o clerk_n mark_n curia_fw-la affirmata_fw-la die_fw-la mensis_fw-la per_fw-la and_o mark_n such_o a_o man_n enter_v upon_o the_o panel_n such_o a_o day_n accuse_v for_o the_o crime_n etc._n etc._n and_o mark_n who_o be_v pursuer_n and_o who_o be_v prolocutor_n in_o defence_n and_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v and_o the_o justice_n ask_v whether_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a or_o not_o which_o be_v conform_v to_o l._n 3._o ff_n quam_fw-la aniss_fw-la non_fw-la possint_fw-la &_o l._n &_o adulteram_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n and_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o defender_n dictat_fw-la both_o the_o dilator_n and_o peremptor_n defence_n as_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v his_o repley_n and_o triply_n which_o have_v be_v original_o introduce_v among_o we_o as_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v not_o be_v seduce_v by_o the_o passionate_a and_o well_o act_v eloquence_n of_o advocat_n quintil_n athenis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o areopage_n affectus_fw-la movere_fw-la etiam_fw-la per_fw-la praeconem_fw-la prohibebatur_fw-la orator_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o dictate_v also_o the_o advocate_n consider_v more_o grave_o what_o he_o assert_n in_o these_o case_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a concern_v and_o the_o judge_n have_v more_o permanent_o under_o his_o consideration_n what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o succeed_a age_n may_v better_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o he_o proceed_v title_n xxii_o of_o exculpation_n and_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o the_o defender_n 1._o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o exculpation_n with_o we_o 2._o whether_o exculpation_n may_v be_v admit_v though_o contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n 3._o how_o alibi_fw-la shall_v exculpat_o 4._o witness_n liable_a to_o exception_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o exculpation_n 5._o witness_n for_o exculpate_v may_v be_v admit_v though_o not_o cite_v 6._o whether_o a_o man_n may_v be_v punish_v though_o he_o have_v not_o full_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n 7._o how_o the_o defender_n may_v exculpat_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o 8._o whether_o the_o justice_n or_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o exculpation_n 9_o what_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi cite_v as_o party_n the_o defender_n necessary_a witness_n albeit_o after_o a_o crime_n be_v prove_v the_o panel_n be_v most_o unfavourable_a yet_o till_o then_o he_o be_v still_o presume_a innocent_a &_o praestat_fw-la nocentem_fw-la absolvere_fw-la quam_fw-la innocentem_fw-la condemnare_fw-la &_o petr._n de_fw-fr anach_n consil_n 23._o observe_v well_o that_o the_o court_n deserve_v much_o more_o honour_n when_o they_o absolve_v then_o when_o they_o condemn_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o when_o a_o innocent_a person_n be_v condemn_v the_o wrong_n can_v be_v repair_v but_o when_o a_o guilty_a person_n be_v absolve_v yet_o god_n will_v either_o suffer_v he_o he_o to_o fall_v in_o a_o second_o snare_n whereby_o the_o first_o crime_n may_v be_v also_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o his_o infinite_a justice_n will_v punish_v he_o eternal_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o when_o any_o person_n be_v criminal_o pursue_v he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o benefit_n of_o exculpation_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o
to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o exculpation_n and_o so_o may_v have_v be_v ready_a to_o object_n against_o they_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o this_o argument_n prove_v any_o thing_n it_o will_v prove_v that_o no_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v in_o exculpation_n except_o they_o be_v cite_v which_o be_v absurd_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o witness_n name_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v give_v with_o the_o libel_n be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o defender_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o die_v upon_o deposition_n of_o suspect_n witness_n and_o so_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o detort_v this_o to_o the_o defender_n prejudice_n nor_o be_v there_o such_o hazard_n of_o corruption_n in_o exculpation_n as_o in_o pursuite_n for_o no_o man_n be_v to_o die_v no_o estate_n to_o be_v forefeit_v nor_o no_o man_n fame_n to_o be_v taint_v by_o the_o deposition_n of_o exculpate_v witness_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o speciality_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v that_o privilege_n reasonable_a for_o man_n be_v prone_a though_o they_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o depone_v in_o favour_n rather_o of_o the_o panel_n then_o of_o the_o accuser_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o our_o law_n allow_v a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o such_o as_o absolve_v but_o not_o against_o such_o as_o condemn_v vi_o the_o doctor_n also_o allow_v exculpation_n to_o be_v prove_v per_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o judicia_fw-la l._n merito_fw-la ff_n pro._n socio_fw-la boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr favour_n de_fw-fr fen_n but_o this_o be_v likewise_o reprobate_v by_o our_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v punishment_n shall_v be_v absolute_o arbitrary_a but_o it_o be_v question_v what_o punishment_n shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o defender_n who_o have_v prove_v his_o defence_n but_o not_o full_o as_o if_o he_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n that_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v in_o defence_n etc._n etc._n for_o resolution_n of_o which_o doubt_n they_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o imperfect_a probation_n of_o the_o defence_n be_v diametrical_o contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o in_o that_o case_n they_o think_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v respect_v both_o because_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o imperfect_a and_o because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o conclude_a probation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o full_o contrary_a but_o tend_v only_o to_o prove_v somewhat_o that_o be_v different_a from_o the_o libel_n as_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi prove_v whole_o the_o murder_n and_o the_o defender_n that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o self-defence_n than_o they_o think_v that_o the_o probation_n though_o not_o full_a do_v obsuscat_n and_o weaken_v the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o consequent_o the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o punishment_n ought_v only_o to_o be_v infer_v per_fw-la probationem_fw-la omni_fw-la exceptione_n majorem_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n admonendi_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr anchar_n council_n 285._o and_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o assize_n behove_v to_o file_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la yet_o the_o council_n ought_v upon_o a_o favourable_a representation_n from_o the_o justice_n to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n vii_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o so_o that_o the_o defender_n probation_n of_o self-defence_n may_v perish_v in_o the_o interim_n or_o if_o he_o who_o may_v accuse_v will_v raise_v no_o accusation_n than_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o exculpation_n will_v be_v competent_a may_v intend_v a_o summons_n wherein_o he_o must_v cite_v the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o relation_n and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o in_o it_o he_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n ad_fw-la defensam_fw-la may_v be_v take_v to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la viii_o when_o witness_n be_v lead_v they_o shall_v present_o depon_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o what_o they_o depon_n and_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o assizer_n because_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la till_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v whether_o the_o exculpation_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n or_o eleid_n it_o and_o so_o the_o libel_n can_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o be_v find_v after_o much_o debate_n in_o barcleys_n case_n but_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n shall_v only_o hold_v where_o the_o defence_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n but_o where_o both_o the_o libel_n and_o defence_n be_v admit_v joint_o to_o probation_n i_o think_v that_o both_o shall_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o inquest_n because_o the_o probation_n must_v be_v joint_o consider_v and_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o so_o not_o to_o that_o which_o be_v join_v inseparable_o with_o it_o if_o the_o defender_n propon_n a_o defence_n but_o prove_v it_o not_o it_o be_v doubt_v if_o by_o propon_v the_o defence_n he_o acknowledge_v the_o libel_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n upon_o the_o one_o hand_n be_v that_o in_o all_o civil_a process_n he_o who_o propones_fw-la a_o defence_n acknowledge_v the_o libel_n and_o in_o reason_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o criminal_o for_o he_o who_o allege_v that_o he_o murder_v a_o man_n in_o self-defence_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o but_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n prove_v not_o his_o defence_n that_o he_o shall_v therefore_o die_v see_v that_o be_v to_o condemn_v the_o panel_n per_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o without_o probation_n upon_o a_o mere_a formality_n &_o ante_fw-la quam_fw-la constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la neither_o be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi prejudge_v by_o the_o panel_n not_o prove_v his_o defence_n see_v his_o witness_n must_v still_o be_v present_a at_o the_o same_o time_n whereas_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v prejudge_v for_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o have_v witness_n ready_a for_o prove_v his_o libel_n to_o which_o last_o i_o incline_v vid._n tit_n confession_n where_o i_o have_v debate_v how_o far_o a_o qualify_a confession_n ought_v to_o operat_fw-la ix_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o violent_a pursuer_n of_o crime_n to_o cite_v as_o complice_n all_o such_o as_o may_v be_v lead_v as_o witness_n by_o the_o panel_n for_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n or_o other_o defence_n upon_o design_n to_o decline_v or_o set_v they_o from_o be_v witness_n when_o they_o be_v lead_v for_o one_o panel_n can_v be_v lead_v by_o another_o as_o a_o witness_n for_o he_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o this_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a exception_n it_o shall_v still_o be_v in_o the_o pursuer_n power_n to_o cut_v the_o panel_n off_o from_o prove_a even_o his_o just_a defence_n to_o reconcile_v which_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o a_o spoulzie_a pursue_v before_o they_o the_o 24._o of_o fevary_n 1662._o at_o the_o instance_n of_o mackertney_n against_o irving_n ordain_v these_o witness_n against_o who_o the_o exception_n be_v propon_v to_o be_v first_o insist_v against_o to_o the_o end_n if_o they_o be_v find_v innocent_a they_o may_v be_v allow_v as_o witness_n against_o the_o other_o panel_n if_o not_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v which_o method_n be_v very_o just_a before_o they_o but_o seem_v more_o difficult_a in_o criminal_a court_n where_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o where_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v but_o to_o this_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v by_o the_o justice_n regulariter_fw-la as_o in_o civil_a case_n yet_o in_o many_o case_n incident_n may_v occur_v whereby_o continuation_n be_v necessary_a and_o all_o law_n must_v yield_v to_o necessity_n the_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n be_v treat_v title_n murder_n and_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o areopage_n if_o the_o panel_n confess_v he_o commit_v murder_n but_o that_o he_o kill_v lawful_o he_o be_v not_o try_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o murder_n be_v try_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n athen_n cap._n 25._o title_n xxiii_o of_o assizes_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o assize_n and_o inquest_n 2._o the_o form_n of_o cite_v assisser_n and_o who_o make_v the_o roll._n 3._o sometime_o there_o need_v no_o assize_n 4._o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o what_o by_o the_o inquest_n 5._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o ordinary_a and_o a_o great_a assize_n and_o the_o number_n of_o assizer_n in_o both_o 6._o the_o oath_n of_o assiser_n and_o the_o objection_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v 7._o every_o man_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o petrs_n and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o whether_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n 9_o all_o
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n be_v in_o effect_n either_o judge_n or_o witness_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v still_o the_o choice_n of_o both_o judge_n and_o witness_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a 3._o as_o the_o defender_n may_v decline_v they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o so_o they_o be_v swear_v nor_o be_v it_o presumeable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o impious_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v to_o please_v other_o upon_o which_o presumption_n our_o law_n lean_v so_o much_o that_o though_o assizer_n condemn_v unjust_o they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n as_o be_v believe_v but_o by_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o list_n of_o the_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o quorum_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o list_n shall_v express_v not_o only_o the_o name_n but_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o assizer_n when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n be_v come_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v call_v and_o the_o assizer_n be_v likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o 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and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o even_o our_o law_n appoint_v all_o the_o dispute_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n 2._o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o stumble_v at_o what_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o and_o do_v very_o often_o mistake_v what_o be_v find_v relevant_a and_o what_o not_o 3._o assizer_n with_o we_o be_v oftentimes_o ignorant_a person_n at_o least_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v they_o so_o judicious_a as_o to_o understand_v such_o intricat_a matter_n as_o advocat_n represent_v to_o they_o especial_o in_o circuit_n court_n where_o few_o have_v see_v assize_n before_o and_o they_o be_v oftentim_n but_o mean_a person_n or_o person_n who_o have_v interest_n 4._o by_o our_o law_n the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v without_o condescend_v that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o swae_fw-la far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n 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knowledge_n without_o lawful_a probation_n which_o seem_v dangerous_a in_o criminal_a case_n 8._o though_o of_o old_a when_o judge_n and_o assizer_n be_v equal_o ignorant_a assizer_n be_v appoint_v yet_o now_o when_o law_n be_v form_v to_o a_o science_n and_o that_o judge_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v learn_v and_o assizer_n not_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a they_o shall_v be_v suppress_v as_o well_o in_o criminal_a case_n as_o they_o be_v already_o in_o civil_a and_o since_o we_o have_v recee_v from_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o england_n and_o our_o own_o old_a custom_n by_o not_o allow_v assize_n in_o civil_a case_n why_o not_o rather_o in_o criminal_a case_n these_o be_v both_o of_o more_o intricacy_n and_o weight_n especial_o see_v in_o england_n the_o probation_n be_v before_o neighbour_n in_o the_o country_n who_o know_v best_a the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o with_o we_o assizer_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o choose_v from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v burgess_n of_o edimburgh_n who_o be_v as_o great_a stranger_n to_o what_o past_a as_o the_o judge_n themselves_o and_o if_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o country_n it_o will_v be_v very_o expensive_a 9_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o polish_a kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n who_o have_v form_v their_o law_n in_o calm_a and_o learned_a age_n make_v there_o judge_n discuss_v both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o either_o assiser_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o we_o when_o we_o and_o england_n be_v both_o barbarous_a or_o else_o the_o justice_n have_v invent_v this_o act_n at_o first_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o of_o a_o burden_n v._o the_o assize_n be_v either_o a_o ordinary_a or_o great_a assize_n the_o great_a assize_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o ordinar_n be_v try_v if_o they_o do_v wrong_v and_o i_o find_v some_o foundation_n for_o their_o term_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr custum_fw-la d._n langumois_n act_n 4._o &_o de_fw-mi la_fw-fr rochal_a art_n 1._o la_o grand_a assize_n est_fw-fr du_fw-fr seneshal_n la_fw-fr petit_fw-fr du_fw-fr juge_fw-fr prevostal_n a_o ordinary_a assize_n use_v to_o consist_v of_o fifteen_o person_n but_o they_o may_v consist_v of_o more_o or_o few_o if_o the_o number_n be_v unequal_a and_o thus_o the_o penult_n of_o june_n 1614_o ronald_n be_v try_v and_o convict_v for_o dismember_a donaldson_n by_o a_o assize_n of_o thirteen_o person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o assize_n must_v be_v unequal_a in_o number_n be_v least_o by_o equality_n of_o vot_n affair_n be_v not_o terminat_fw-la and_o bring_v to_o a_o speedy_a issue_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o lib._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 5._o and_o by_o the_o 87._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v appoint_v in_o a_o unequal_a number_n and_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o civil_a brief_n of_o right_n a_o assize_n shall_v consist_v of_o twelve_o swear_a man_n albeit_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o assizer_n must_v all_o agree_v in_o one_o voice_n yet_o with_o we_o the_o major_a part_n may_v condemn_v or_o absolve_v but_o if_o six_o of_o fifteen_o be_v only_o positive_a and_o eight_o non_fw-la liquet_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o verdict_n shall_v condemn_v for_o else_o if_o one_o do_v condemn_v and_o fourteen_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o one_o will_v condemn_v which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o in_o july_n 1675._o a_o verdict_n in_o a_o perambulation_n betwixt_o walstoun_n and_o sr._n john_n cheesly_n be_v quarrel_v in_o a_o advocation_n as_o unjust_a because_o the_o great_a number_n be_v non_fw-la liquet_n the_o lord_n do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o which_o employ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o verdict_n as_o valid_a vi_o the_o assizer_n be_v ordinary_o call_v by_o sives_z and_o the_o oath_n administrat_fw-la to_o they_o be_v that_o you_o shall_v all_o the_o truth_n tell_v and_o nae_fw-la truth_n conceal_v in_o so_o far_o as_o you_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o this_o present_a assize_n swa_o help_v you_o god_n which_o i_o find_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v the_o form_n of_o old_a reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o vers_fw-la 12._o and_o albeit_o by_o the_o 138._o act_n 13._o parl._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o judge_n shall_v cause_v assiser_n swear_v when_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v not_o take_v any_o bud_n from_o the_o party_n yet_o they_o do_v never_o tender_v to_o they_o this_o oath_n except_o either_o the_o judge_n or_o party_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o assiser_n assiser_n be_v party_n judge_n partly_o witness_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o they_o be_v judge_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o consider_v the_o probation_n lead_v by_o other_o and_o judge_v whether_o prove_v or_o not_o prove_v they_o be_v witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o may_v condemn_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n without_o any_o other_o probation_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o exception_n may_v be_v propon_v either_o against_o judge_n or_o witness_v be_v admit_v against_o assiser_n and_o thus_o a_o assiser_n be_v set_v for_o that_o be_v the_o term_n of_o decline_v use_v in_o this_o case_n because_o he_o be_v not_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n which_o be_v the_o age_n require_v in_o a_o judge_n act_n 132._o parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o vid._n 7._o june_n 1616._o but_o because_o the_o exception_n against_o assiser_n be_v ordinary_o coincident_a with_o these_o that_o be_v against_o witness_n therefore_o we_o shall_v remit_v they_o to_o the_o title_n of_o witness_n only_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o cherurgians_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v exeme_v by_o q._n mary_n from_o be_v cite_v upon_o assize_n because_o of_o the_o peremptoriness_n of_o the_o employment_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n july_n 1671._o both_o as_o to_o assize_n within_o the_o town_n and_o without_o the_o town_n though_o our_o learned_a craig_n be_v a_o justice-deput_a have_v former_o sustain_v it_o as_o to_o assize_n without_o the_o town_n only_o vii_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o the_o feudal_a law_n that_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o a_o vassal_n shall_v be_v judge_v per_fw-la convassallo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o these_o understand_v best_o the_o person_n to_o be_v try_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o panel_n former_a life_n and_o conversation_n be_v a_o great_a help_n towards_o a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o case_n and_o from_o this_o feudal_a custom_n rise_v our_o maxim_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n quon_n attach_v cap._n 67._o the_o word_n be_v it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o low_a person_n than_o his_o peer_n a_o earl_n by_o a_o earl_n a_o baron_n by_o a_o baron_n
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o receâ—ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n mâ—ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o
more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o 8._o great_a merit_n and_o skilfulness_n excuse_v some_o crime_n and_o good_a success_n be_v also_o a_o ordinary_a defence_n as_o if_o a_o soldier_n who_o disobey_v order_n shall_v beat_v the_o enemy_n by_o that_o disobedience_n 9_o these_o who_o be_v pursue_v at_o the_o king_n instance_n for_o crime_n commit_v in_o another_o country_n be_v to_o be_v more_o gentle_o punish_v because_o the_o scandal_n be_v not_o give_v there_o and_o so_o the_o offence_n be_v less_o in_o that_o country_n and_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v still_o less_o where_o the_o private_a party_n injure_v insist_o not_o cod._a fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la def_n 22._o and_o because_o the_o scandal_n grow_v weak_a as_o it_o grow_v old_a therefore_o after_o long_a silence_n the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v moderate_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 25._o ff_n h._n t._n for_o where_o the_o law_n state_n a_o definit_a punishment_n the_o justice_n can_v neither_o augment_v nor_o lessen_v it_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o law_n specify_v punishment_n in_o some_o statute_n and_o allow_v the_o justice_n a_o arbitrariness_n in_o other_o l._n 244._o ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n mulctae_fw-la potestas_fw-la judicis_fw-la est_fw-la quantum_fw-la dicat_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la ita_fw-la verum_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la lege_fw-la sit_fw-la constitutum_fw-la quantam_fw-la dicat_fw-la and_o since_o man_n be_v punish_v because_o they_o transgress_v the_o law_n therefore_o they_o shall_v only_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o will_v keep_v judge_n from_o be_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o liedge_n from_o be_v oppress_v viii_o whether_o the_o meanness_n of_o the_o transgression_n shall_v defend_v against_o punishment_n or_o shall_v only_o mitigat_fw-la the_o punishment_n seem_v to_o be_v dubious_a because_o of_o the_o undigested_a discourse_n of_o such_o as_o treat_v that_o subject_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v solid_o reduce_v to_o these_o three_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o where_o there_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v dole_n or_o contrivance_n in_o the_o committer_n there_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o transgression_n do_v only_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n if_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a by_o the_o law_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v paction_n for_o sex_n shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n per_fw-la cent_n where_o the_o law_n allow_v only_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la cent_n though_o the_o sum_n lend_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o the_o excess_n be_v there_o very_o small_a yet_o it_o shall_v infer_v usury_n because_o a_o clear_a design_n of_o offend_v the_o law_n do_v there_o appear_v by_o the_o express_a paction_n and_o in_o such_o case_n our_o judge_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a but_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o excess_n when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o tax_v the_o punishment_n 2._o if_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v remit_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o if_o the_o law_n appoint_v theft_n to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n it_o be_v unjust_a that_o a_o indictment_n of_o theft_n shall_v be_v find_v relevant_a for_o steal_v two_o penny_n 3._o if_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o meanness_n that_o there_o be_v no_o design_n of_o transgression_n and_o that_o the_o committer_n design_v not_o for_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n the_o meanness_n of_o the_o transgression_n ought_v to_o defend_v against_o the_o relevancy_n for_o as_o â—_z have_v well_o observe_v minimum_fw-la non_fw-la attenditur_fw-la in_o delictis_fw-la dolosis_fw-la cravet_fw-la consil._n 46._o nec_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la cardinalis_fw-la simoniam_fw-la commisisse_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la minima_fw-la siquestio_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la simonia_fw-la and_o to_o these_o case_n only_o do_v that_o law_n extend_v de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n l._n scio_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr in_o integrum_fw-la restit_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o a_o person_n shall_v be_v indict_v for_o commit_v usury_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n if_o the_o excess_n be_v small_a because_o the_o annualrent_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o be_v take_v but_o a_o month_n or_o so_o before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n the_o libel_n shall_v not_o be_v sustain_v against_o he_o for_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o he_o take_v that_o annualrent_a out_o of_o avarice_n but_o negligent_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n or_o upon_o some_o other_o innocent_a account_n as_o because_o the_o debtor_n and_o he_o be_v to_o fit_v other_o account_n or_o the_o debtor_n be_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o thus_o the_o council_n decide_v in_o the_o case_n of_o purves_n anno._n 1666._o where_o the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o council_n may_v moderate_a the_o punishment_n determine_v by_o the_o justice_n 2._o where_o the_o punishment_n be_v statutory_a and_o determine_v by_o a_o special_a law_n as_o in_o treason_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o there_o the_o council_n can_v no_o more_o mitigat_n than_o they_o can_v remit_v 3._o though_o custom_n be_v equivalent_a to_o statute_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o in_o case_n where_o the_o punishment_n depend_v upon_o custom_n as_o theft_n i_o have_v often_o see_v the_o council_n alter_v the_o punishment_n from_o death_n to_o banishment_n but_o it_o be_v sure_a that_o even_o in_o this_o last_o the_o mitigation_n be_v procure_v betwixt_o the_o read_n of_o the_o verdict_n and_o the_o pronounce_v of_o doom_n for_o after_o doom_n jus_o est_fw-la quaesitum_fw-la regi_fw-la as_o to_o all_o the_o movable_n and_o life_n title_n xxxi_o of_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o their_o execution_n 1._o the_o form_n of_o a_o criminal_a sentence_n with_o we_o and_o how_o it_o be_v pronunce_v 2._o the_o debate_n be_v not_o insert_v in_o the_o sentence_n 3._o whether_o the_o sentence_n be_v null_a in_o totum_fw-la if_o the_o judge_n punish_v in_o less_o than_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o whether_o criminal_a sentence_n may_v be_v pronunce_v in_o the_o night_n time_n 5._o whether_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o assize_n be_v necessary_a in_o all_o case_n with_o we_o 6._o within_o what_o time_n shall_v a_o criminal_a sentence_n be_v put_v to_o execution_n 7._o whether_o magistrate_n may_v force_v man_n to_o be_v executioner_n 8._o how_o absent_v be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o when_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v grant_v 9_o whether_o do_v all_o punishment_n cease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n 10_o if_o a_o criminal_a judge_n may_v retract_v his_o own_o sentence_n i._o after_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v who_o return_v their_o opinion_n which_o may_v be_v call_v their_o sentence_n and_o this_o sentence_n be_v call_v a_o verdict_n or_o verdictum_fw-la nam_fw-la sententia_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la habetur_fw-la but_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o the_o sentence_n in_o a_o criminal_a cause_n be_v that_o deliverance_n of_o the_o judge_n whereby_o the_o panel_n be_v condemn_v and_o punish_v or_o absolve_v from_o all_o punishment_n and_o this_o sentence_n be_v in_o criminal_o by_o our_o stile_n call_v a_o act_n of_o conviction_n or_o a_o act_n of_o absolviture_fw-fr but_o acta_fw-la in_o the_o stile_n of_o lawyer_n express_v only_o the_o middle_a act_n of_o the_o process_n acta_fw-la judicilia_fw-la but_o not_o the_o sentence_n sometime_o likewise_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n be_v in_o our_o law_n call_v a_o doom_n especial_o in_o forfeiture_n yet_o to_o speak_v strict_o these_o two_o differ_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sentence_n which_o find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a or_o innocent_a be_v call_v the_o act_n of_o conviction_n or_o absolviture_fw-fr but_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o irrogat_n the_o punishment_n be_v call_v the_o doom_n and_o these_o two_o be_v sometime_o separate_a which_o fall_v out_o when_o a_o long_a time_n intervene_v betwixt_o the_o find_v a_o person_n guilty_a and_o the_o pronunce_n of_o his_o punishment_n but_o ordinary_o they_o be_v conjoin_v all_o which_o will_v appear_v more_o clear_o by_o the_o several_a form_n here_o express_v a_o act_n of_o conviction_n and_o doom_n curia_n etc._n etc._n the_o which_o 〈◊〉_d day_n be_v enter_v upon_o panel_n dilate_a accuse_v and_o pursue_v be_v virtue_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n letter_n raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o and_o b._n advocate_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o his_o highness_n interest_n who_o compear_v personal_o to_o pursue_v they_o for_o the_o crime_n follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o so_o much_o as_o be_v divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n 〈◊〉_d as_o in_o the_o say_a diâ—â—ay_n at_o more_o length_n be_v contain_v after_o read_v of_o the_o whilk_fw-mi dittay_n and_o divers_a
buy_v and_o present_o sell_v or_o within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v buy_v for_o the_o crime_n in_o this_o case_n be_v infer_v from_o the_o speciality_n of_o time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v though_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o fault_n except_o the_o panel_n have_v be_v convict_v for_o the_o first_o two_n which_o be_v spell_v likewise_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o be_v prejudge_v in_o his_o interest_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o confiscation_n by_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o advocate_n or_o any_o private_a informer_n by_o not_o pursue_v nor_o can_v that_o negligence_n purge_v their_o guilt_n or_o procure_v they_o a_o impunity_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a see_v crime_n and_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v commensurat_fw-la that_o these_o who_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o guilt_n for_o many_o year_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o punish_v than_o these_o who_o have_v but_o once_o incur_v the_o same_o title_n xxiv_o usury_n 1._o in_o what_o contract_v usury_n may_v be_v commit_v 2._o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_a than_o the_o quota_fw-la state_v by_o law_n be_v the_o first_o branch_n of_o usury_n 3._o the_o second_o be_v to_o take_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n 4._o the_o three_o be_v to_o take_v wodset_n in_o defraud_n of_o the_o law_n 5._o whether_o a_o clause_n not_o to_o redeem_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v usury_n 6._o the_o probation_n of_o this_o crime_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o usury_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o take_v more_o annualrent_a for_o any_o sum_n lend_v than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v proper_o in_o money_n &_o in_o mutuo_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v both_o by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n extend_v to_o other_o contract_n for_o with_o we_o it_o be_v commit_v in_o bargain_n of_o victual_n or_o tack_n as_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o therefore_o lawyer_n divide_v usury_n into_o that_o which_o they_o call_v direct_v usury_n quae_fw-la obtinet_fw-la tantum_fw-la in_o mutuo_fw-la and_o indirect_a usury_n which_o take_v place_n in_o other_o contract_n usury_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o usuram_fw-la manifestam_fw-la &_o velatam_fw-la which_o coincides_a almost_o with_o the_o former_a distinction_n by_o our_o old_a law_n usury_n can_v not_o have_v be_v pursue_v in_o the_o usurer_n own_o life_n but_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v he_o of_o it_o at_o any_o time_n before_o his_o death_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o the_o continuance_n in_o it_o which_o be_v punishable_a but_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o his_o heir_n may_v be_v forefault_v l._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 24._o and_o this_o skeen_n observe_v to_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o live_a usurer_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o of_o a_o dead_a usurer_n to_o the_o church_n ii_o the_o true_a method_n in_o this_o title_n be_v to_o clear_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o usury_n determine_v by_o our_o statute_n the_o first_o species_n thereof_o be_v whoever_o receive_v more_o annualrent_a than_o ten_o for_o each_o hundred_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n or_o usurer_n conform_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n already_o make_v par._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o cap._n 52._o and_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o prior_n law_n to_o this_o express_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n only_o it_o be_v say_v par._n 6._o ja._n 2._o act_n 23._o that_o keeper_n of_o victual_n to_o a_o dearth_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o usury_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o annualrent_a of_o money_n shall_v be_v at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n all_o annualrent_n be_v pay_v in_o scotland_n till_o 1661._o at_o which_o time_n the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v rescind_v whereupon_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o hugh_n roxburghs_n case_n march_z 23._o 1668._o whether_o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_n than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n after_o the_o year_n 1649._o can_v infer_v usury_n and_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v no_o law_n that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v ob_fw-la defectum_fw-la authoritatis_fw-la and_o without_o any_o salvo_fw-la as_o to_o what_o be_v pass_v 2._o the_o liedge_n may_v as_o well_o be_v punish_v now_o for_o transgress_v the_o penal_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o usurper_n see_v these_o be_v bind_v the_o time_n of_o the_o transgression_n and_o both_o want_n authority_n equal_o 3._o by_o the_o act_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 1._o session_n 1._o parl._n k._n ch._n 2._o such_o paction_n be_v only_o declare_v usurious_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la futura_fw-la &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la altetius_fw-la to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v in_o vigour_n till_o the_o year_n 1661._o ergo_fw-la before_o that_o time_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a therein_o prohibit_v and_o albeit_o the_o defect_n of_o authority_n may_v be_v plead_v where_o the_o crime_n commit_v depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o authority_n controvert_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v not_o see_v usury_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o all_o law_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quota_fw-la which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o rebellion_n for_o which_o that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v but_o be_v a_o reasonable_a and_o universal_a good_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o present_a parliament_n and_o those_o who_o take_v annualrent_a during_o that_o time_n at_o more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n do_v in_o so_o far_o oppress_v their_o debtor_n beyond_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v punish_v 2._o by_o the_o act_n anent_o penal_a statute_n 1661._o usury_n be_v except_v from_o the_o penal_a statute_n therein_o abridge_v which_o need_v not_o if_o the_o take_v more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o year_n immediate_o precede_v have_v not_o be_v usury_n 3._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v still_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_n even_o during_o these_o year_n to_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o law_n have_v not_o warrant_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o wauchop_n and_o lawder_n 1665._o for_o if_o that_o act_n be_v in_o force_n then_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o take_v more_o than_o be_v therein_o command_v if_o it_o be_v not_o abrogate_a then_o the_o former_a act_n 1648._o appoint_v eight_o per_n cent_n be_v in_o vigour_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_a to_o six_o against_o a_o express_a law_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o justice_n incline_v to_o think_v that_o though_o the_o act_n 1649._o be_v abrogate_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o decision_n of_o civil_a case_n because_o all_o bargain_n be_v then_o make_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o quota_fw-la thereby_o determine_v &_o erat_fw-la lex_fw-la habita_fw-la &_o reputata_fw-la but_o that_o be_v abrogate_a it_o can_v not_o find_v sufficient_o a_o criminal_a action_n to_o infer_v so_o severe_a a_o punishment_n as_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v main_o such_o because_o authority_n be_v contemn_v and_o contempt_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n where_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v to_o employ_v his_o stock_n upon_o merchandise_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v get_v far_o more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o stock_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o friend_n then_o in_o great_a strait_n lend_v he_o his_o money_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n profit_n if_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o usurer_n and_o albeit_o our_o law_n be_v general_a yet_o here_o ab_fw-la est_fw-la animus_n faenerandi_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o advantage_n take_v of_o the_o debtor_n necessity_n for_o which_o usury_n be_v main_o punishable_a and_o i_o find_v that_o abbas_n c._n naviganti_fw-la de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 13._o &_o socin_n tract_n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 75._o do_v conclude_v this_o to_o be_v no_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o some_o judicious_a lawyer_n with_o we_o do_v at_o a_o consultation_n upon_o this_o same_o case_n conclude_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o receive_v this_o exception_n see_v