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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01622	The herball or Generall historie of plantes. Gathered by Iohn Gerarde of London Master in Chirurgerie very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Iohnson citizen and apothecarye of London	Gerard, John, 1545-1612.; Johnson, Thomas, d. 1644.; Payne, John, d. 1647?, engraver.; Dodoens, Rembert, 1517-1585. Cruydenboeck.	1633 (1633)	STC 11751; ESTC S122165	1,574,129	1,585

Dioscorides his Polemonium That worthy Herbarist and learned Physition of late memorie Mr. Doctor Turner maketh Caryophyllus to be Cantabrica which Pliny lib. 23. cap. 8. writeth to haue beene found out in Spaine about Augustus time and that by those of Biscay Iohannes Ruellius saith That the Gillofloure was vnknowne to the old writers whose iudgment is very good especially because this herbe is not like to that of Vetonica or Cantabrica It is maruell saith he that such a famous floure so pleasant and sweet should lie hid and not be made knowne by the old Writers which may be thought not inferiour to the rose in beauty smell and varietie ¶ The Temperature The Gillofloure with the leaues and roots for the most part are temperate in heate and drinesse ¶ The Vertues The conserue made of the floures of the Cloue Gillofloure and sugar is exceeding cordial and wonderfully aboue measure doth comfort the heart being eaten now and then It preuaileth against hot pestilentiall feuers expelleth the poyson and furie of the disease and greatly comforteth the sicke as hath of late beene found out by a learned Gentleman of Lee in Essex called Mr. Rich. CHAP. 183. Of Pinks or wilde Gillofloures ¶ The Description 1 THe double purple Pinke hath many grassie leaues set vpon small ioynted stalkes by couples one opposite against another whereupon doe grow pleasant double purple 1 Caryophyllus syluestris simplex Single purple Pinks 2 Caryophyllus syluestris simplex suaue rubens Single red Pinks 3 Caryophyllus plumarius albus White jagged Pinks ‡ Caryophyllus plumarius albus odoratior Large white jagged Pinks ‡ There is also a single one of this kinde whose figure I here giue you in stead of the double one of our Author ‡ 2 The single red Pinke hath likewise many small grassie leaues lesser than the former The floures grow at the top of the small stalkes single and of a sweet bright red colour 3 The white iagged Pinke hath a tough wooddy root from which rise immediately many grassie leaues set vpon a small stalke full of ioynts or knees at euery ioynt two one against another euen to the top whereupon do grow faire double purple floures of a sweet and spicie smell consisting of fiue leaues sometimes more cut or deepely iagged on the edges resembling a feather whereupon I gaue it the name Plumarius or feathered Pinke The seed is soft blackish and like vnto Onion seed ‡ There is another varietic of this with the leaues somewhat larger and greener than the last mentioned the floures also are somewhat bigger more cut in or diuided and of a much sweeter smell ‡ 4 This purple coloured Pinke is very like the precedent in stalkes roots and leaues The floures grow at the top of the branches lesser than the last described and not so deepely iagged of a purple colour tending to blewnesse wherein consisteth the difference There be diuers sorts of Pinks more whereof to write particularly were to small purpose considering they are all well knowne to the most if not to all Therefore these few shall serue at this time for those that we do keepe in our gardens notwithstanding I thinke it conuenient to place these wilder sorts in this same chapter considering their nature and vertues doe agree and few or none of them be vsed in physicke besides their neerenesse in kindred and neighbourhood 4 Caryophyllus plumarius purpureus Purple jagged Pinkes 5 Cariophyllus plumarius syluestris albus Whitewilde jagged Pinkes 5 This wilde iagged Pinke hath leaues stalkes and floures like vnto the white iagged Pinke of the garden but altogether lesser wherein they especially differ 6 The purple mountaine or wilde Pinke hath many small grassie leaues among which rise vp slender stalks set with the like leaues but lesser on the top whereof do grow small purple floures 〈◊〉 finely with white or else yellowish spots and much lesser than any of the others before described 6 Caryophyllus montanus purpureus Wilde Purple iagged Pinke 7 Caryophyllus montanus Clusij Clusius mountaine Pinke ‡ 8 Caryophyllus pumilio Alpinus Dwarfe Mountaine Pinke 9 Caryophyllus coeruleus siue Aphyllanthos Leafeles Pinke or rushy Pinke 7 The mountaine Pinke of Clusius his description hath many leaues growing into a tuft like vnto those of Thrift and of a bitter taste amongst which rise vp small slender foot-stalkes rather than stalkes or stems themselues of the height of two inches whereupon do grow such leaues as those that were next the ground but lesser set by couples one opposite to another at the top of each small foot-stalke doth stand one red floure without smell consisting of fiue little leaues set in a rough hairy huske or hose fiue cornered of a greenish colour tending to purple The root is tough and thicke casting abroad many shoots whereby it greatly encreaseth ‡ 8 This for his stature may iustly take the next place for the stalke is some inch high set with little sharpe pointed greene grassie leaues the floures which grow vpon these stalks are composed of fiue little flesh-coloured leaues a little diuided in their vpper parts the seed is contained in blacke shining heads and it is small and reddish and shaped somwhat like the fashion of a kidney whereby it comes neerer to the Lychnides than to the Caryophylli or Pinkes The root is long blacke and much spreading whereby this little plant couers the ground a good space together like as a mosse and makes a curious shew when the floures are blowne which is commonly in Iune It 10 Caryophyllus montanus albus White mountaine Pinke ‡ 11 Caryophyllus pratensis Deptford Pinke 12 Caryophyllus Virgineus Maidenly Pinkes ‡ 13 Caryophyllus montanus humilis latifolius Small mountaine broad leaued Pink. ‡ 14 Caryophyllus montanus albus White mountaine Pinke 15 Caryophyllus Holostius Wilde Sea Pinke 16 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Broad leased wilde Pinke ‡ 17 Caryophyl humilis flor cand 〈◊〉 White Campion Pinke 9 This leafe-lesse Pinke as the Greeke word doth seeme to import hath many small rushy or benty leaues rising immediately from a tough rushy root among which rise vp stalkes like vnto rushes of a span high without any ioynt at all but smooth and plaine on the top 〈◊〉 of groweth a small floure of a blewish or sky colour consisting of foure little leaues somewhat iagged in the edges not vnlike those of wilde flax The whole plant is very bitter and of a hot taste 10 The white mountaine Pinke hath a great thicke and wooddy root from the which immediately rise vp very many small and narrow leaues finer and lesser than grasse not vnlike to the smallest rush among which rise vp little tender stalkes ioynted or kneed by certaine distances set with the like leaues euen to the top by couples one opposite against another at the top whereof grow pretty sweet smelling floures composed of fiue little white leaues The seed is small and blackish 11 There is a wilde creeping Pinke which groweth in our pastures neere about

times of the Arabians vntill about the yeare 1400. There were diuers obscure and barbarous writers who by sight knew little whereof they writ but tooke out of the Greekes Arabians and one another all that they writ giuing commonly rude figures seldome setting downe any descriptions I will only name the chiefe of them that I haue seene and as neare as I can guesse in that order that one of them succeeded another For the particular times of their liuing is somewhat difficult to be found out One of the ancientest of them seemes to be Isidore then 〈◊〉 whose worke is Alphabetical and intituled Circa instans the next 〈◊〉 Syluaticus who flourished about the yere 1319. his worke is called Pandectae a little after him was Bartholomaeus Anglus whose workes as that of Isodore and most of the rest of those times treat of diuers other things besides Plants as Beasts Birds Fishes c. His worke is called De proprietatibus rerum the Authors name was Bartholmew Glanuill who was descended of the Noble Family of the Earles of Suffolke and he wrote this worke in Edward the thirds time about the yeare of our Lord 1397. After all these and much like them is the Hortus sanitatis whose Author I know not But to leaue these obscure men and their writings let me reckon some of later time who with much more learning and iudgement haue endeuoured to illustrat this part of Physicke About some 200 yeare agoe learning againe beginning to flourish diuers begunne to leaue and 〈◊〉 the confused and barbarous writings of the middle times and to haue recourse to the Antients from whence together with puritie of language they might acquire a more certaine knowledge of the things treated of which was wanting in the other One of the first that tooke paines in this kinde was Hermolaus Barbarus Patriarch of Aquileia who not onely translated Dioscorides but writ a Commentarie vpon him in fiue bookes which he calls his Corollarium in this worke hee hath shewed himselfe both iudicious and learned After him Marcellus Virgilius Secretarie to the State of Florence a man of no lesse learning and indgement than the former set forth Dioscorides in Greeke and Latine with a Comment vpon him Much about their time also Iohn Ruellius a French Physition who flourished in the yere 1480 translated Dioscorides into Latine whose translation hath been the most follwed of all the rest Moreouer he set forth a large worke De natura Stirpium diuided into three bookes wherein he hath accurately gathered all things out of sundry writers especially the Greekes and Latines for first hauing after the manner of Theophrastus deliuered some common precepts and Aduertisements pertaining to the forme life generation ordering and other such accidents of plants he then comes to the particular handling of each species Much about this time the Germanes began to beautifie this so necessary part of Physicke and amongst them Otho Brunfelsius a Physition of good account writ of plants and was the first that gaue the liuely figures of them but he treated not in all of aboue 288 Plants He commonly obserues this method in his particular chapters First the figure yet he giues not the figures of all he writes of then the Greeke Latine and Germane names after that the description and historie out of most former Authors then the temperature and vertues and lastly the Authours names that had treated of them His worke is in three parts or tomes the first was printed in 1530. the second in 1531 and the third in 1536. Next after him was Hieronymus Tragus a learned ingenious and honest writer who set forth his workes in the German tongue which were shortly after translated into Latine by Dauid Kiber He treats of most of the Plants commonly growing in Germany I can obserue no generall method he keepes but his particular one is commonly this hee first giues the figure with the Latine and high Dutch name then commonly a good description after that the names then the temperature and lastly the vertues first inwardly then outwardly vsed He hath figured some 567 and described some 800. his figures are good and so are most of the rest that follow His workes were set forth in Latine An. 1552. In his time liued Leonhartus Fuchsius a German Physition being also a learned and diligent writer but he hath taken many of his descriptions as also vertues word forword out of the Antients and to them hath put figures his generall method is after the Greek Alphabet and his particular one thus First the names in Greeke and Latine together oft-times with their Etymologies as also the German and French names then the kinds after that the forme the place time temperature then the vertues first out of the 〈◊〉 as Dioscorides Galen Pliny c. and sometimes from the late Writers whom he doth not particularize but expresses in generall ex recentioribus His worke was set forth at Basil 1542 in Fol. containing 516 figures also they were set forth in Octavo the historie first with all the figures by themselues together at the end with the Latine and high Dutch names About this time and a little after flourished Conrade Gesner also a German Physition who set sorth diuers things of this nature but yet liued not to sinish the great and general worke of Plants which he for many yeres intended and about which he had taken a great deale of paines as may be gathered by his Epistles He was a very learned painfull honest and iudicious writer as may appeare by his many great workes wherof those of Plants were first a 〈◊〉 Alphabeticall Historie of plants without figures gathered out of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 Pliny c with the vertues briefely and for the most part taken out of Paulus 〈◊〉 with their names in Greek and French put in the margent this was printed at Venice 1541 in a small 〈◊〉 He set forth a catalogue of Plants in Latin Greeke high-Dutch and French printed at Zurich 1542. Also another tract De 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cum mont is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pilati 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An. 1552. in quarto He also set forth the foure Books of Valerius Cordus who died in his time and his Sylua 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at Strausburgh 1561. in sol and to these he added a Catalogue of the Germane Gardens with an Appendix and 〈◊〉 to Cordus his Historie Also another treatise of his De 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was set forth at Zurich by Wolphius An. 1587 in Octavo At the same time liued Adam 〈◊〉 a Physition of Frankeford whose naturall historie was there printed An. 1551 and the first part thereof is of Plants and foure yeres after he added another part thereto treating also of Plants I finde no generall method obserued by him but his particular method vsually is this first he giues the figure then the names in Latine and Dutch then the temperature c as in Tragus from

the bastard names of Democritus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pes Gallinaceus Pes 〈◊〉 the Egyptians name it Seselis the country-men of Hetruria 〈◊〉 saluatico in English bastard Parsley and Hennes foot ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Dioscorides saith that bastard Parsley is a pot-herbe which is eaten either raw or boiled and prouoketh vrine Pliny doth reckon it vp also among the pot-herbes Galen addeth that it is preserued in pickle for sallades in winter The seed of bastard Parsley is euidently hot and dry and that in the second degree it prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the desired sickenesse it dissolueth the stone and driueth it forth It taketh away the stoppings of the liuer spleene and kidnies it cutteth and concocteth raw and flegmaticke humours it comforteth a cold stomack dissolueth winde it quickneth the sight and resresheth the heart if it be taken fasting Matthiolus in his Commentaries vpon Dioscorides the second booke attributeth vnto it many excellent vertues to prouoke venery and bodily lust and erection of the parts CHAP. 404. Of Candy Alexanders ¶ The Description DIoscorides and Pliny haue reckoned Smyrnium among the kindes of Parsley whose iudgements while this plant is young and not growne vp to a stalke may stand with very good reason for that the young leaues next the ground are like to Parsley but somewhat thicker and larger among which riseth vp a stalke a cubit high and somewhat more garnished with round leaues farre different from those next the ground inclosing the stalke about like Thorow wax or Perfoliata which leaues are of a yellow colour and do rather resemble the leaues of Fole-foot than Parsley Smyrnium Creticum Candy Alexander at the top of the stalkes 〈◊〉 grow round spokie tufts of a yellow color after which commeth round and blacke seed like Coleworts of a sharpe and bitter taste like Myrrhe the root is white and thicke contrary to the opinion of Dodonaeus who saith it is blacke without but I speake that which I haue seen and prooued ¶ The Place Smyrnium groweth naturally vpon the hils and mountaines of Candy and in my garden also in great plenty also vpon the mountain Amanus in Cilicia ¶ The Time Smyrnium floureth in Iune and the seed is ripe in August ¶ The Names This plant is called in Latine Smyrnium in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Cilicia Petroselinum and as Galen testifieth some haue called it Hipposelinum agreste in English Candy Alexanders or Thorow bored Parsley ¶ The Nature Smyrnium is hot and dry in the third degree ¶ The Vertues The leaues of Smyrnium dissolue wens and hard swellings dry vp 〈◊〉 and excoriations and glew wounds together The seeds are good against the stoppings of the spleene kidnies and bladder Candy Alexanders hath force to digest and wast away hard swellings in other things it is like to garden Parsley and stone Parsley and therefore we vse the seed heereof to prouoke the desired sickenesse and vrine and to helpe those that are stuffed in the lungs as Galen writeth The root is hot so is the herbe and seed which is good to be drunke against the biting of serpents it is a remedy for the cough and profitable for those that cannot take their breath vnlesse they do sit or stand vpright it helpeth those that can hardly make their water the seed is good against the infirmity of the spleene or milt the kidnies and bladder it is likewise a good medicine for those that haue the dropsie as Dioscorides writeth CHAP. 405. Of Parsneps ¶ The Description 1 THe leaues of the tame or Garden Parsneps are broad consisting of many small leaues fastened to one middle rib like those of the ash tree the stalke is vpright of the height of a man the floures stand vpon spokie tufts of colour yellow after which commeth the seed flat and round greater than those of Dil the root is white long sweet and good to be eaten 2 The wilde Parsnep is like to that of the Garden in leaues stalke tuft yellow floures flat and round seed but altogether lesser the root is small hard wooddy and not fit to be eaten ¶ The Place The garden Parfnep requireth a fat and loose earth and that that is digged vp deepe 1 Pastinaca latifoliasativa Garden Parsneps 2 Pastinaca latifolia syluestris Wilde Parsneps They floure in Iuly and August and seed the second yeare after they be sowne ¶ The Names The Herbarists of our time do call the garden Parsneps 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Pastinaca and therefore wee haue surnamed it Latifolia or broad leafed that it may differ from the other garden Parsnep with narrow leaues which is truly and properly called Staphylinus that is the garden Carrot Some Physitions doubting and not knowing to what herbe of the Antients it should be referred haue fained the wilde kinde hereof to be Panacis species or a kind of Alheale diuers haue named it Baucia others Branca Leonina but if you diligently marke and confer it with Elaphoboscum of Dioscorides you shal hardly finde any difference at all but the plant called at Montpelier Pabulum Ceruinum in English Harts fodder supposed there to be the true Elaphoboscum differeth much from the true notes thereof Now Baucia as Iacobus Manlius reporteth in Luminari maiore is Dioscorides and the old Writers Pastinaca that is to say Tenuifolia or Carrot but the old writers and especially Dioscorides haue called this wilde Parsnep by the name of Elaphoboscum and wee doe call them Parsneps and Mypes ¶ The Temperature The Parsnep root is moderately hot and more drie than moist ¶ The Vertues The Parsneps nourish more than doe the Turneps or the Carrots and the nourishment is somewhat thicker but not faultie nor bad notwithstanding they be somwhat windy they passe through the bodie neither slowly nor speedily they neither binde nor loose the belly they prouoke vrine and 〈◊〉 of the bodie they be good for the stomacke kidneies bladder and lungs There is a good and pleasant food or bread made of the roots of Parsneps as my friend Mr. Plat hath set forth in his booke of experiments which I haue made no triall of nor meane to do The seed is hotter and drier euen vnto the second degree it mooueth vrine and consumeth winde It is reported saith 〈◊〉 that Deare are preserued from bitings of Serpents by eating of the herbe Elaphoboscum or wilde Parsnep wherupon the seed is giuen with wine against the bitings and stingings of Serpents CHAP. 406. Of Skirrets Sisarum Skirrets ¶ The Description THe leaues of the Skirret do likewise confist of many small leaues sastened to one rib euerie particular one whereof is something 〈◊〉 in the edges but they are lesser greener and smoother than those of the Parsnep The stalks be short and seldome a cubit high the 〈◊〉 in the spoked tufts are white the roots be many in number growing out of one head an hand bredth long most commonly not a finger thick they are