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A13331 The ende of Nero and beginning of Galba Fower bookes of the Histories of Cornelius Tacitus. The life of Agricola.; Historiae. Book 1-4. English Tacitus, Cornelius.; Tacitus, Cornelius. Agricola. English.; Savile, Henry, Sir, 1549-1622. 1591 (1591) STC 23642; ESTC S117595 383,171 344

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Belgica from Pompeius Propinquus Procurator there that the legions of vpper Germany without respect of oth and duty demanded another Emperour and that this their reuolt might be the lesse hainously taken had referred the choise thereof to the Senate and people of Rome These news hastned the purpose of Galba who had already a good while before deuised with himselfe and with some near about him concerning the adoption No speech was for the time more common and curraunt in the whole city partly vpon a licence and lust to talke of such matters and partly because Galba was spent and feeble for age vpon iudgement or loue to the commonwealth very few the most part vpon secret hopes as they fauored or followed this man or that offred occasion to bring them in speech for the succession And now Vinius was grown into great hatred who as hee waxed daily more mighty so daily more odious for Galba with his too much facilitie encreased and nourished the greedy and gaping desires of his friendes neuer satisfied in so greate meanes and offending as vnder a Prince weake of body and light of beleefe with lesse feare and greater aduantage The whole power of the Prince was diuided betweene Titus Vinius the Consul and Cornelius Laco captaine of the garde Neither was Icelus the freed-man inferiour in fauour with his master who being priuiledged to weare gold rings made a gentleman was commonly called by the name of Martianus These three otherwise disagreeing and in points of lesse importance drawing euery one a sundry waie in this consultation of chusing a successour were diuided into two sides Vinius was for Marcus Otho Laco and Icelus agreed not so much vpon any one as vpon any other Neither did Galba much like of the party suspecting the counsell of Vinius as partiall and grounded vpon a mariage pretended betweene * Crispina his daughter being a widowr and Otho an vnmaried man a matter wherewith the ears of the prince by reason oftalecariers in court were not vnacquainted I thinke also that Galba was touched in part with care of the common wealth which might seeme in vain transferred from Nero if it were to be left vpon Otho for Otho had spent his tender yeares without a Parhici gestamen Othonis Ivenal Sat. 11 regard of his honour his youth afterward in al dissolute disorder in grace with Nero b Perlibertinam aulicam insinuatus Neroni facilè summum inter amicos locum tenuit congruentiâ morū Suet. Oth. c. 2. through emulation of vice therfore Nero had left in his custodie as with one that was c Delapso Nerone in amorem Actae assumpto in conscientiam Othone c. Ann. 13. priuy to his lusts Poppaea Sabina his principal minion til he had dispatched his hands of Octauia his wife soone after vpon an apprehension of ielosy he sent him d At Senecaes intreating Plutar. p. 1503. Ann. 13. Deijcitur familiaritate sueta post congressu comitatu Otho postremò ne in vrbe aemulatus ageres prouinciae ●usitantae praeficitur vbi vsque ad ciuilia arma non expriore infamia sed integrè sanctéque egit proca otij potestatis temperan tior away into Lusitania coulorably to be Lieutenant there Otho hauing gouerned the prouince with al curtesy being the first that came in to Galba therwith a man of action of those which were present during the war of greatest account readily conceiued hope of adoption and daily toke himselfe better of assured being wel fauoured of most of the soldiers and greatly beloued of Neroes court as one like to their late master But Galba after the newes of the German rebellion although of Vitellius as yet he vnderstoode noe certainetie being doubtfull to what issue this violent proceeding of the armies would growe and reposing no trust in the city-souldier proceedeth to declare a successour the onely stay as he supposed of his estate And calling to him beside Vinius and Laco Marius Celsus consul elect Ducenius Geminus * Praefectus vrbis Prouost of the city after some speech vsed of his age a Sueton. c. 17. somewhat differing from Tacitus writeth Pisonem repentè è media salutantium turba apprehendit filiuque appellani in castra perduxit he commandeth Piso Licinianus to be sent for either vpon his owne choise or as some haue reported at the instance of Laco who cunningly preferred him as a mere stranger to himselfe whereas indeede they had in Rubellius Plautus house had long acquaintance together the good opinion which went generally of Piso gaue credit to his counsel Piso was sonne to Marcus Crassus and Scribonia nobly borne on both sides in countenance and presence after the ancient sort rightly to iudge seuere but to them which interpreted al to the worst seeming too sowre That quality of his the more it was by some men carefull in that behalfe misdoubted and feared the better it pleased the man who was to adopt him So Galba taking Piso by the hand is saied to haue spoken in this manner If I should as a priuate man only by an act of the Curiae and assent of the Priestes as the maner is adopt you it woulde bee both an honour for me to take into my family the progenie of Marcus Crassus and Pompey and a glory for you to adioine the honorable encrease of the Sulpitian and Lutatian houses to your owne nobility But now being by the consent of gods and men called to the Empire I am moued by your rare towardnes and the loue I beare to my countrey to offer vnto you without your trouble the Princes place that for which our auncestors haue contended in armes which by armes my selfe haue obtained following herein the example of Augustus who placed in estate next to himselfe first Marcellus his sisters son afterward Agrippa his sonne in lawe then his daughters sonnes and lastly his wiues sonne Tiberius Nero. But Augustus as it seemeth sought a successour in his family and I b To this saying alluded as it may seeme Dagalaiphus master of the horse to Valentinian the Emperour who beeing demanded in counsel by his master what partener he were best to assume of the Empire answered briefly Si tu●● amas habes f●airem si temp alium quaere Marcellin lib. 26. pag. 1719. in the common wealth Not that I lacke some neare me in bloud or companions in armes whom I could respect but neither did I by ambition attaine to the Empire of my iudgement herein may be proofe not onely mine owne friendes passed ouer but yours also A brother you haue noble alike in yeares before you wel worthy of this honour were not you the more woorthy Your yeares are such as are settled from the affections of youth and so spent as no thing past needeth excuse Hitherto you haue tasted onely of aduerse fortune prosperity searcheth more deepely the minde for miseries are borne with patience
common knowledge of whole mankinde expelling withall the professours of wisedome and banishing all good learning and artes lest any sparckle of honesty should by mischance remaine within view For certaine we gaue great proofe of our patience and as our ancestours attained and sawe the highest pitch and perfection of liberty so we of seruility being depriued by intelligencers and spies of the commerce of hearing and speaking togither yea memory also as well as toung we had lost had it lyen in our power aswell to forget as it did to keepe silence Now at the length our former spirits beginne to reuiue howbeit although Prince Nerua straight at the first entry of this most happy age hath wisely matched and mixed together two things heretofore insociable the souerayntie of one with the libertie of all and Traian his sonne proceeding in the same traine maketh the Empire dayly more supportable and easie so that not onely wee may hope and conceaue prayers for the publicke security but see and touch the effect of our prayers assured and confirmed vnto vs yet notwithstanding by proofe it is found such is the nature of mans imbecillity the remedies to bee of slower operation then were the diseases And as our bodies waxe and gather strength by leysure perish in a moment so good wittes and good learning are sooner cut downe then raysed againe For the sweetenesse and pleasing of idlenesse and of doing nothing creepeth into our senses and slouthfulnesse which at the first wee detest by custome obtayneth our fauour and loue to omit that in a For so long Domitian was Emperour fifteene yeares a great part of mans age many haue beene wasted by casuall chances the most sufficient and forwarde by the cruelty of the Prince a fewe of vs onely remaining that haue ouerliued as I may say not onely others but also our selues hauing so many yeares subducted out of the midst of our life in which wee proceeded in silence from youngmen to aged from aged almost to the graue And yet peraduenture it shall not repent me to compose though in rude and vnframed speech a b By a memory of their thraldome he meaneth as I suppose his bookes of Hist by a testimonie of their present felicity a volume intended by him of Nerua and Traians time as it appeares in the preface of the history but neuer I thinke performed memory of our late thraldome and a testimony of our present felicities In the meane while this treatise I haue specially vowed to the honour of Agricola my father in law and therefore as being in discharge of duety and carying profession of kindenesse it shall either abroade purchase prayse or be couered at least with some curteous excuse CNEVS IVLIVS AGRICOLA was borne in the ancient and noble colony of Forum Iulium both his grandfathers had bene the Princes Procuratours an honorable gentlemans place His father c Seneca de benefic lib. 2. Si exemplo magni a nimi opus est vtemur Groecini Julij vi●i egregij quem C. Caesar occidit ob hoc vnum quod melior vir esset quam esse quenquam tyranno expediret Iulius Groecinus was by calling a Senatour for eloquence and wisedome famous by reason of which qualities hee incurred the displeasure of Caius the Emperour being willed by him to preferre accusation against Marcus Silanus which because he refused hee was put to death His mother Iulia Procilla a mirrour of rare chastity vnder whose wing and motherly care Agricola being brought vp passed ouer his infancy and youth in the exercise of all good qualities and artes And beside his owne disposition clearely and wholly giuen to good it was a good meanes to withholde him from the allurements of vice that hee happened to haue the towne of a Strabo lib. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in another place he attributeth to the Massilians the commendation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Massilia for the place of his first aboade and study in youth a citty compounded of Greeke ciuility and prouinciall frugality well sorted togither I haue hearde him say I remember that being young hee had addicted himselfe to the study of philosophy in earnester sorte and beyonde the measure of a Roman and Senatour had not the wisedome of his mother corrected and cooled the heate of that humour That noble and hawtie minde of his was caried to embrace with more feruency then discretion the bewty and gay shewe of that high and glorious profession but reason anone and riper yeares reformed his iudgement and so hee retayned a point most harde to bee kept of wisedome a meane His first seruice in warre was in Britanny vnder Suetonius Paullinus into whose trayne being assumed hee was of that diligent and discrete leader well liked not spending the time in riot after the maner of youthes which conuert warfare into wantonnesse nor accepting the title of Tribuneshippe without skill in the seruice as a calling of ease for pleasure and gadding abroade but wholly directing his minde to knowe the prouince to bee knowen of the army to learne of the skilfull to follow the best to desire no imployment vpon vaine glory to refuse none for feare ioyntly to shewe himselfe both carefull and earnest in action Neuer did our affaires in Britannie stande at anie time in the like termes of doubt and distresse our olde souldiers were slaine our b Camalodunū and Verulanium but this later was municipium not colonia in the straitnesse of termes colonies burned our armies entrapped then we fought for to liue afterwarde for to winne All which exploites though performed by the counsaile conduict of another and consequently the credit of the cause glory of recouering the cuntrey appertaining to the Lieutenant yet were they occasions to increase in the young man skill experience and desire of militare renowne a quality not so acceptable in those seasons wherein great vertues were greatly suspected and a great fame endangered more then a bad From Britanny departing to Rome to beare offices he ioyned himselfe in matrimony with Domitia Decidiana a woman of honourable birth which mariage was a countenance and a strength to his further purposes and they liued together in marueilous vnity with mutuall loue and “ Or following another sence of the latine word which may seeme doubtfull and ech preferring the other both vertuous alike sauing that the commendation is so much the greater in a good wife as the reproch is the more in a bad yeelding preeminence the one to the other a point otherwise not greatly materiall sauing that a good wife is a great commendation aswell as an ill a reproch Being Questor his lot fell in Asia with Saluius Titianus the Proconsul Neither was he withdrawen by that meanes from his wonted integrity although both the prouince was rich and readily ministred matter to offende and his Proconsull a man of insatiable greedinesse would with any remisnesse willingly haue redeemed at his handes mutuall