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be_v remove_v from_o the_o court._n the_o next_o day_n at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o reconcile_v the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n and_o on_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o of_o february_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o dunbarre_v in_o a_o parliament_n of_o 27_o of_o hen._n the_o 6._o 6._o a_o challenge_n of_o seat_n in_o parliament_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o devonshire_n be_v examine_v and_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o that_o great_a capital_a cause_n of_o the_o 6._o duke_n of_o suffolk_n the_o 28_o of_o hen._n 6._o i_o find_v not_o the_o king_n once_o present_a at_o the_o debate_n but_o the_o duke_n appeal_n from_o his_o trial_n by_o peerage_n to_o the_o king_n be_v bring_v from_o out_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o a_o private_a chamber_n where_o the_o king_n after_o the_o chancellor_n in_o gross_a have_v declare_v his_o offence_n and_o his_o refusal_n the_o king_n himself_o but_o not_o in_o place_n of_o judgement_n adjudge_v his_o banishment_n by_o the_o roll_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o 4._o it_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v many_o day_n
but_o his_o officer_n feb._n and_o some_o few_o except_v to_o carry_v any_o sword_n or_o long_a bastard_n under_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o imprisonment_n the_o same_o king_n 2._o in_o the_o 19_o of_o his_o reign_n and_o upon_o the_o marriage_n with_o the_o french_a king_n daughter_n command_v by_o proclamation_n ne_o quis_fw-la miles_n armiger_n seu_fw-la alius_fw-la ligeus_n aut_fw-la subditus_fw-la suus_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la status_fw-la aliquem_fw-la francigenam_fw-la seu_fw-la quemcunque_fw-la alium_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la potestate_fw-la &_o obedientia_fw-la regis_fw-la existerit_fw-la upon_o what_o pretence_n soever_o ad_fw-la aliqua_fw-la facta_fw-la guerâ—â—rum_fw-la seu_fw-la actus_fw-la armorum_fw-la exigat_fw-la sub_fw-la forisfactura_fw-la ominum_fw-la quae_fw-la regi_fw-la forisfacere_fw-la poterit_fw-la and_o as_o in_o the_o king_n power_n it_o have_v ever_o rest_v no_o forbid_v combat_n so_o it_o have_v be_v to_o determine_v and_o take_v they_o up_o thus_o do_v r._n 2._o in_o that_o so_o memorable_a quarrel_n between_o mowbray_n and_o hereford_n 2._o by_o exile_v they_o both_o and_o when_o sir_n john_n de_fw-fr anestie_n and_o tho._n de_fw-fr chatterton_n be_v ready_a to_o fight_v candem_fw-la quaerelam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la svam_fw-la recepit_fw-la say_v the_o record_n and_o de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la regis_fw-la direptum_fw-la est_fw-la praelium_fw-la inter_fw-la johannem_fw-la bolmer_n 14._o &_o bartramum_n de_fw-fr vesana_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o sir_n john_n fitz-thomas_n be_v produce_v before_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n deputy_n of_o ireland_n and_o there_o challenge_v by_o sir_n william_n devessy_n to_o have_v do_v he_o wrong_n in_o report_v to_o the_o king_n that_o sir_n william_n aforesaid_a shall_v have_v speak_v against_o the_o king_n defamatory_n word_n of_o which_o sir_n john_n there_o present_v a_o schedule_n 1._o willielmus_fw-la audito_fw-la tenore_fw-la schedulae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la dementitus_fw-la est_fw-la praedictum_fw-la johannem_fw-la dicendo_fw-la mentitus_fw-la est_fw-la tanquam_fw-la falsus_fw-la &_o proditor_n &_o denegavit_fw-la omne_fw-la sibi_fw-la imposita_fw-la &_o tradidit_fw-la vadium_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la justiciarij_fw-la qui_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la misit_fw-la et_fw-la praedictus_fw-la johannes_n advocavit_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o dementitus_fw-la est_fw-la simil_n dictum_fw-la willielm_n whereupon_o the_o combat_n be_v grant_v and_o the_o time_n and_o place_n enrol_v but_o the_o process_n be_v adjourn_v into_o england_n before_o the_o king_n who_o with_o his_o counsel_n examine_v the_o whole_a proceed_n and_o that_o quia_fw-la willielmus_fw-la attachiatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la respondend_n johanni_n praedicto_fw-la super_fw-la diffamatione_fw-la principaliter_fw-la 1_o &_o non_fw-la sit_fw-la citatus_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la isto_fw-la placitare_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la placita_fw-la de_fw-la diffamationibus_fw-la aut_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n aliquas_fw-la duellum_fw-la concedere_fw-la in_o placitis_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la cognitio_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la pertinet_fw-la and_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n vadia_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la johannis_n &_o willielmi_n cepit_fw-la priusquam_fw-la duellum_fw-la inter_fw-la eos_fw-la consideratum_fw-la &_o adjudicatum_fw-la fuit_fw-la quod_fw-la omnino_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la est_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la therefore_o per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o concilium_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la processus_fw-la totaliter_fw-la adnulletur_fw-la and_o that_o the_o say_v john_n and_o willlam_fw-la eant_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la salva_fw-la utrique_fw-la eorum_fw-la actione_n sua_fw-la si_fw-la alius_fw-la de_fw-fr aliquo_fw-la in_o proedicto_fw-la processu_fw-la contento_fw-it loqui_fw-la voluerint_fw-la in_o a_o combat_n grant_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_a philip_n de_fw-fr pugill_n one_o of_o the_o champion_n oppressus_fw-la multitudine_fw-la hominum_fw-la se_fw-la defendere_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la whereupon_o the_o people_n against_o he_o in_o perpetuam_fw-la defamationem_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la duello_n creantiam_fw-la proclamabant_fw-la which_o the_o king_n understanding_n assensu_fw-la concilii_fw-la statuit_fw-la quod_fw-la predict_v philippus_n propter_fw-la creantiam_fw-la predict_v liberam_fw-la legem_fw-la non_fw-la omittat_fw-la sed_fw-la omnibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la actibus_fw-la gauderet_fw-la sicut_fw-la ante_fw-la duellum_fw-la gaudere_fw-la consuevit_fw-la what_o penalty_n they_o have_v incur_v that_o without_o law_n or_o licence_n have_v attempt_v the_o practice_n of_o arm_n or_o their_o own_o revenge_n may_v somewhat_o appear_v by_o these_o few_o record_n follow_v william_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n be_v excommunicate_v pro_fw-la torniamento_n tento_fw-la contra_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la 2._o to_o which_o agree_v at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o duel_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n and_o that_o hold_v at_o biturio_n in_o anno_fw-la 1584._o john_n warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v fine_v at_o a_o thousand_o mark_n pro_fw-la quadam_fw-la transgressione_n in_fw-la insultu_fw-la facto_fw-la in_o alanum_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr zouch_n talbois_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o tower_n for_o attempt_v to_o have_v slay_v the_o lord_n cromwell_n 6._o and_o because_o robertus_fw-la garvois_fw-fr insultum_fw-la fecit_fw-la &_o percussit_fw-la edwardum_fw-la filium_fw-la williel_n mi_fw-mi inquisitio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tenementis_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la praedicti_fw-la roberti_n edw._n dallingrige_n accuse_v by_o sir_n john_n st._n leger_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n prâ—_n venatione_n &_o aliis_fw-la transgressionibus_fw-la answer_v that_o these_o accusation_n be_v false_a and_o throw_v down_o his_o glove_n and_o challenge_v disrationare_fw-la materias_fw-la praedictas_fw-la versuâ—_fw-la praedictum_fw-la johannem_fw-la per_fw-la duellum_fw-la sussex_n sed_fw-la quis_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la vadiavit_fw-la inde_fw-la duellum_fw-la he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n quousque_fw-la satisfaceret_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la pro_fw-la contemptu_fw-la sir_n nicholas_n de_fw-fr segrave_n a_o baron_n challenge_v sir_n john_n de_fw-fr cromwell_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prohibition_n because_o he_o can_v not_o fight_v with_o he_o in_o england_n dare_v he_o to_o come_v and_o defend_v himself_o in_o france_n therein_o as_o the_o record_n say_v subject_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v stay_v in_o his_o passage_n at_o dover_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o castle_n &_o bring_v after_o to_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o arraign_v before_o the_o lord_n confesle_v his_o fault_n &_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o basso_n wherefore_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o these_o word_n 1._o et_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la volens_fw-la habere_fw-la avisamentum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la svo_fw-la injunxit_fw-la eisdem_fw-la in_fw-la homagio_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la &_o ligeantia_fw-la quibus_fw-la ei_fw-la tenentur_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la considerent_fw-la quail_n poena_fw-la pro_fw-la tali_fw-la facto_fw-la fuerit_fw-la infligenda_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la habito_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la consilio_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la factum_fw-la moeretur_fw-la poenam_fw-la amisionis_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la whereupon_o he_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o tower_n &_o ro._n archerd_n that_o attend_v he_o into_o france_n be_v commit_v to_o prison_n arraign_v &_o fine_v at_o 200_o mark_n in_o the_o end_n &_o aftermuch_o intercession_n the_o l._n segrave_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o king_n but_o can_v not_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n until_o he_o have_v put_v in_o security_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n but_o this_o course_n hold_v proportion_n with_o a_o ancient_a law_n make_v by_o lotharius_n the_o emperor_n in_o these_o word_n de_fw-fr hiis_fw-la qui_fw-la discordiis_fw-la &_o contentionibus_fw-la studere_fw-la solent_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n vivere_fw-la noluerint_fw-la 8â—â—_n &_o inde_fw-la convicti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la similiter_fw-la volumus_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la fidejussores_fw-la ad_fw-la nostrum_fw-la palatium_n veniant_fw-la &_o ibi_fw-la cum_fw-la nostris_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la considerâ—bimus_fw-la quid_fw-la de_fw-la talibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la faciendum_fw-la sit_fw-la a_o brief_a abstract_n of_o the_o question_n of_o precedency_n between_o england_n and_o spain_n occasion_v by_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n the_o queen_n of_o england_n ambassador_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o spain_n at_o calais_n commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o have_v move_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o 42._o year_n of_o the_o same_o queen_n collect_v by_o robert_n cotton_n esquire_n at_o the_o commandment_n of_o her_o majesty_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1651._o london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o a_o brief_a abstract_a act_n of_o the_o question_n of_o precedency_n between_o england_n and_o spain_n etc._n etc._n precedency_n of_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o place_n antiquity_n as_o a_o kingdom_n or_o a_o christian_a kingdom_n or_o eminency_n of_o the_o throne_n royal_a or_o person_n nobility_n of_o blood_n or_o antiquity_n of_o government_n precedency_n of_o england_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o seek_v before_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o antiquity_n of_o any_o kingdom_n be_v mere_a vanity_n when_o as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christendom_n now_o in_o be_v have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o fall_n thereof_o at_o which_o
parliament_n a_o solemn_a protestation_n for_o himself_o and_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o his_o province_n enter_v by_o word_n the_o effect_n whereof_o be_v that_o albeit_o they_o may_v lawful_o be_v present_a in_o all_o parliament_n yet_o for_o that_o in_o those_o parliament_n matter_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o be_v entreat_v of_o whereas_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a they_o therefore_o absent_v themselves_o save_v their_o liberty_n therein_o otherwise_o and_o in_o the_o 21._o 10._o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o for_o that_o divers_a judgement_n be_v heretofore_o undo_v for_o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o present_a the_o commons_o pray_v the_o king_n that_o the_o clergy_n will_v appoint_v some_o to_o be_v their_o common_a proctor_n with_o sufficient_a authority_n thereunto_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n therefore_o be_v several_o examine_v appoint_a sir_n thomas_n piercy_n their_o proctor_n to_o assent_v as_o by_o their_o instrument_n appear_v and_o the_o same_o year_n 51._o upon_o the_o devise_n of_o sir_n thomas_n bussey_n most_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n be_v swear_v before_o the_o king_n again_o upon_o the_o cross_n of_o canterbury_n to_o repeal_v nothing_o in_o this_o year_n enact_v so_o do_v sundry_a the_o proctor_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o most_o of_o the_o commons_o by_o hold_v up_o one_o of_o their_o hand_n affirm_v that_o they_o the_o same_o will_v do_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n 58._o and_o earl_n of_o warwick_z the_o same_o year_n the_o name_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o procurator_n of_o the_o clergy_n allege_v 4._o and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n 4._o the_o bishop_n of_o assaph_n for_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n the_o abbot_n of_o glassenbury_n for_o all_o religious_a person_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n for_o duke_n and_o earl_n the_o lord_n of_o barkley_n for_o baron_n and_o barronet_n sir_n thomas_n irpingham_n chamberlain_n for_o bachelor_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o south_n sir_n thomas_n grace_n for_o bachelor_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o north_n sir_n william_n thirm_v and_o john_n mekham_n justice_n for_o the_o whole_a estate_n come_v to_o the_o tower_n to_o king_n richard_n to_o who_o sir_n william_n thirm_v for_o and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o all_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o deposition_n and_o the_o word_n or_o resignation_n of_o homage_n and_o loyalty_n and_o when_o it_o be_v enact_v anno_fw-la 6._o henry_n 6._o by_o the_o king_n 27._o lord_n temporal_a and_o commons_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v contract_v or_o marry_v himself_o to_o any_o queen_n of_o england_n without_o the_o special_a licence_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o king_n on_o pain_n to_o lose_v all_o his_o good_n and_o land_n the_o bishop_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n to_o this_o bill_n assent_v so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o thus_o far_o for_o answer_v to_o the_o second_o part_n the_o three_o reason_n ecclesiastical_a law_n enact_v in_o parliament_n the_o last_o which_o they_o grant_v from_o precedent_n parliament_n since_o the_o conquest_n they_o infer_v out_o of_o the_o phrase_n and_o out_o of_o the_o practice_n the_o first_o by_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la wintoniae_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la mâ—lmesbury_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la mistake_v the_o word_n as_o intend_v a_o provincial_a synod_n whereas_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n equal_a and_o usual_a for_o their_o parliament_n that_o french_a phrase_n never_o have_v admission_n in_o that_o sense_n here_o until_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 2._o cantuar._n and_o then_o but_o rare_o that_o great_a assembly_n be_v former_o instile_v magnum_n consilium_fw-la and_o until_o of_o late_a often_o enjoy_v the_o same_o name_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o the_o life_n he_o write_v of_o the_o 2._o 2._o 2._o henry_n circa_n festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o the_o intent_n manifest_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o assembly_n and_o the_o full_a in_o that_o the_o same_o author_n in_o the_o same_o year_n say_v that_o richardus_fw-la cantuar._n archiepiscopus_fw-la and_o rogerus_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la cum_fw-la sufraganeis_fw-la suis_fw-la congregatis_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la in_o capella_n monachorum_fw-la infirmiorum_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la consilium_fw-la or_o their_o convocation_n which_o have_v be_v needless_a if_o in_o their_o first_o they_o may_v have_v do_v their_o church-affaire_n here_o may_v i_o enter_v into_o a_o large_a and_o just_a discourse_n as_o well_o of_o the_o authority_n as_o antiquity_n of_o their_o convocation_n or_o synod_n provincial_a no_o less_o ancient_a beda_n as_o beda_n mention_v then_o in_o the_o year_n 686._o when_o austin_n adjutorio_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n assemble_v in_o council_n the_o britain_n bishop_n from_o which_o unto_o this_o day_n there_o be_v successive_a record_n of_o counsel_n or_o convocation_n consitution_n less_o interrupt_v then_o of_o parliament_n practice_n now_o touch_v our_o practice_n to_o ordain_v in_o parliament_n law_n ecclesiastical_a either_o mere_a or_o mix_v although_o it_o be_v by_o record_n evident_a yet_o must_v it_o admit_v this_o difference_n first_o that_o it_o spring_v not_o from_o our_o dispute_n or_o desire_v parl._n but_o sole_o from_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o church_n as_o usual_a be_v in_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n receive_v their_o distinct_a title_n from_o those_o of_o the_o commons_o and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o add_v seculare_fw-la brachium_fw-la to_o their_o former_a cannon_n too_o weak_a to_o reach_v to_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o in_o the_o five_o of_o richard_n 2._o when_o to_o suppress_v the_o schism_n the_o clergy_n become_v in_o parliament_n the_o petitioner_n to_o the_o king_n laity_n 2._o where_o these_o word_n of_o their_o assistance_n be_v exclude_v the_o commons_o from_o any_o power_n of_o advice_n habita_n prius_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o matura_fw-la deliberatione_n de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ipsius_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la suffraganeorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la clericorum_fw-la super_fw-la quo_fw-la idem_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la supplicavit_n ut_fw-la pro_fw-la debita_fw-la castigatione_n illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la conclusiones_fw-la schismaticas_fw-la praedicare_fw-la voluerint_fw-la animo_fw-la obstinato_fw-la dignaremur_fw-la apponere_fw-la brachium_fw-la regiae_n potestatis_fw-la â—idem_fw-la b._n and_o this_o aid_n be_v in_o order_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n who_o by_o edict_n command_v that_o every_o marshal_n episcope_n &_o deo_fw-la faceret_fw-la rectum_fw-la secundum_fw-la canon_n &_o episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o after_o excommunication_n fortitudo_fw-la et_fw-la justitia_fw-la regis_fw-la adhibeatur_fw-la and_o this_o even_a in_o the_o primitive_a church_n be_v think_v convenient_a because_o as_o saint_n ambrose_n say_v for_o the_o like_a intent_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n ambrosiâ—s_n non_fw-la tantas_fw-la vires_fw-la sermo_fw-la mecus_fw-la habiturus_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la trinitate_fw-la bellum_fw-la gerens_fw-la quantum_fw-la edictum_fw-la tuum_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n authority_n be_v annex_v ever_o to_o the_o convocation_n as_o in_o the_o ancient_a church_n be_v the_o like_a decree_n of_o king_n as_o those_o of_o eruigius_fw-la ratify_v the_o twelve_o council_n of_o toledo_n nemo_fw-la illiciator_fw-la vel_fw-la contemptor_n vigorem_fw-la his_fw-la institutionibus_fw-la subtrahat_fw-la toletan_n 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beside_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o commission_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v only_o call_v in_o the_o writ_n to_o that_o service_n the_o word_n be_v 7._o to_o come_v in_o fide_fw-la &_o delectione_fw-la ad_fw-la declarandum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o avisamentum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la de_fw-la avisamento_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la cleri_fw-la nostri_fw-la and_o not_o the_o commons_o cotigerit_fw-la affirmari_fw-la but_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v unto_o i_o that_o many_o law_n as_o that_o of_o the_o supremacy_n
dissimilis_fw-la be_v his_o word_n and_o that_o of_o king_n john_n he_o set_v down_o verbatim_o fol._n 342._o and_o there_o the_o word_n be_v direct_o nec_fw-la â—um_fw-la in_o carcerem_fw-la mittemus_fw-la and_o such_o a_o corruption_n as_o in_o now_o in_o the_o point_n may_v easy_o happen_v betwixt_o 9_o henry_n 3._o and_o 28._o edward_n 1._o when_o this_o charter_n be_v first_o exemplify_v but_o certain_o there_o be_v sufficient_a leave_v in_o that_o which_o be_v extant_a to_o decide_v this_o question_n for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n peer_n for_o peer_n ordinary_a jurye_n for_o other_o who_o be_v their_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o law_n of_o the_o land_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v of_o this_o notion_n to_o be_v by_o due_a process_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n general_o 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stamf._n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o fol._n 152._o and_o in_o 10_o edward_n 4._o it_o be_v say_v such_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la by_o the_o same_o reason_n therefore_o as_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v to_o the_o king_n suit_n so_o shall_v these_o word_n per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o in_o 8._o edward_n 3._o rot_n parl._n m._n 7._o there_o be_v a_o petition_n that_o a_o writ_n under_o the_o privy_a seal_n go_v to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o cause_v land_n to_o be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n by_o force_n of_o which_o there_o go_v a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o escheator_n to_o seize_v against_o the_o form_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n that_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n shall_v out_o no_o man_n of_o freehold_n without_o reasonable_a judgement_n and_o the_o party_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o land_n which_o show_v the_o statute_n do_v extend_v to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v no_o invasion_n upon_o this_o personal_a liberty_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n 3._o which_o be_v eftsoon_o resent_v by_o the_o subject_a for_o in_o 5._o edward_n 3._o cap._n 9_o it_o be_v ordain_v in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o man_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v attach_v by_o any_o accusation_n nor_o forejudged_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n nor_o hâ—s_v land_n tenement_n good_n nor_o chattel_n seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n against_o the_o form_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 25._o edward_z 3_o cap._n 4._o be_v more_o full_a and_o do_v expound_v the_o word_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n and_o be_v thus_o whereas_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o franchise_n of_o england_n that_o none_o shall_v be_v imprison_v nor_o put_v out_o of_o his_o freehold_n nor_o of_o his_o franchise_n nor_o free_a custom_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v accord_v assent_v and_o establish_v that_o from_o henceforth_o none_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o petition_n or_o suggestion_n make_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o to_o his_o counsel_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n of_o his_o good_a and_o lawful_a people_n of_o the_o same_o neighbourhood_n where_o such_o deed_n be_v do_v in_o due_a manner_n or_o by_o process_n make_v by_o writ_n original_a at_o the_o common_a law_n nor_o that_o none_o be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o franchise_n nor_o of_o his_o freehold_n unless_o he_o be_v due_a bring_v in_o answer_n and_o forejudge_v of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v against_o the_o same_o it_o shall_v be_v redress_v and_o hold_v for_o none_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n i_o observe_v that_o what_o in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v term_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v by_o the_o body_n of_o this_o act_n 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edward_n 3._o rot._n parl._n n._n 9_o among_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o one_o of_o they_o be_v translate_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a be_v thus_o first_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n and_o the_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o progenitor_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o he_o and_o his_o communality_n be_v well_o and_o firm_o keep_v and_o put_v in_o due_a execution_n without_o put_v disturbance_n or_o make_v arrest_n contrary_n to_o they_o by_o special_a command_n or_o in_o other_o manner_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n which_o make_v it_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n duke_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o communality_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v that_o the_o say_v charter_n and_o statute_n be_v hold_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n according_a to_o the_o say_a petition_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n according_a to_o the_o say_a petition_n which_o be_v that_o no_o arrest_n shall_v be_v make_v contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n by_o special_a command_n this_o conclude_v the_o question_n and_o be_v of_o as_o great_a force_n as_o if_o it_o be_v print_v for_o the_o parliament-roll_n be_v the_o true_a warrant_n of_o a_o act_n and_o many_o be_v omit_v out_o of_o the_o book_n that_o be_v extant_a 35._o edward_n 3_o rot._n parl._n nu_fw-la 20._o explain_v it_o further_o for_o there_o the_o petition_n be_v item_n as_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o grand_a charter_n and_o other_o statute_n that_o no_o man_n be_v take_v or_o imprison_v by_o special_a command_n without_o indictment_n or_o other_o process_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n upon_o
instruction_n warrant_v to_o restore_v that_o right_a again_o to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n charles_n will_v follow_v he_o from_o barcelona_n with_o a_o army_n â—arl_n but_o before_o he_o must_v call_v a_o parliament_n at_o toledo_n whether_o by_o election_n or_o affection_n i_o dare_v not_o divine_a that_o assembly_n make_v protestation_n against_o their_o master_n marriage_n with_o england_n and_o assign_v he_o isabel_n of_o portugal_n for_o a_o wife_n the_o instrument_n be_v send_v sign_v by_o the_o imperial_a notary_n to_o henry_n the_o 8_o car._n and_o charles_n bemoneth_n the_o straight_o he_o be_v force_v into_o by_o they_o but_o before_o all_o this_o he_o have_v wrought_v from_o rome_n a_o dispensation_n for_o his_o former_a out-hand_n marriage_n send_v not_o long_a after_o gonzado_n ferdinando_n his_o chaplain_n to_o invite_v the_o earl_n of_o desmon_n to_o rebel_v in_o ireland_n and_o to_o invite_v james_n the_o first_o by_o promise_n of_o a_o marriage_n to_o christian_a of_o denmark_n daughter_n 1529._o his_o niece_n to_o enter_v the_o english_a border_n to_o busy_a the_o english_a king_n for_o ask_v a_o strict_a account_n of_o that_o indignity_n henry_n the_o 8_o with_o providence_n and_o good_a success_n overwrought_a these_o danger_n and_o by_o the_o league_n of_o italy_n he_o force_v he_o to_o moderate_a condition_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n 1529._o he_o be_v make_v caput_fw-la foederis_fw-la against_o the_o emperor_n i_o may_v end_v your_o honour_n trouble_n with_o this_o one_o example_n and_o with_o humble_a prayer_n that_o the_o catholic_n may_v have_v so_o much_o of_o princely_a sincerity_n as_o not_o to_o intend_v the_o like_a or_o my_o good_a gracious_a master_n a_o jealous_a vigilancy_n to_o prevent_v it_o if_o it_o shall_v etc._n etc._n that_o the_o sovereign_n person_n be_v require_v in_o the_o great_a counsel_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n as_o well_o at_o the_o consultation_n as_o at_o the_o couclusion_n write_a by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n knight_n and_o baronet_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o that_o the_o sovereign_n person_n be_v require_v in_o the_o great_a counsel_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n etc._n etc._n since_o of_o these_o assembly_n few_o diaries_n or_o exact_a journal_n book_n be_v remain_v and_o those_o but_o of_o late_a and_o negligent_o enter_v the_o act_n and_o ordinance_n only_o report_v to_o posterity_n be_v the_o roll_n this_o question_n though_o clear_a in_o general_a reason_n and_o conveniency_n must_v be_v wrought_v for_o the_o particular_a out_o of_o such_o incident_a proof_n as_o the_o monument_n of_o story_n and_o record_n by_o piece_n leave_v we_o and_o to_o deduct_v it_o the_o dear_a down_n some_o essential_a circumstance_n of_o name_n time_n place_n occasion_n and_o person_n must_v be_v in_o a_o general_n short_o touch_v before_o the_o force_n of_o particular_a proof_n be_v lay_v down_o ely_n this_o noble_a body_n of_o the_o state_n now_o call_v the_o house_n in_o parliament_n be_v know_v in_o several_a age_n by_o several_a name_n consilia_fw-la the_o counsel_n in_o the_o old_a time_n after_o magnum_n commune_fw-la and_o generale_fw-mi consilium_fw-la curia_fw-la magna_fw-la capitalis_fw-la and_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la ingulphus_n sometime_o generale_fw-mi placitum_fw-la and_o sometime_o synodi_n and_o synodalia_fw-la decreta_fw-la monaster_n although_o aswell_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o church_n be_v there_o decide_v the_o name_n of_o parliament_n except_o in_o the_o abbot_n chapter_n not_o ever_o hear_v of_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o then_o but_o rare_o at_o the_o king_n court_n be_v these_o convention_n usual_o westm._n and_o the_o presence_n privy_a chamber_n or_o other_o room_n convenient_a for_o the_o king_n in_o former_a time_n as_o now_o then_o use_v for_o what_o be_v the_o presen_v house_n of_o lord_n but_o so_o as_o at_o this_o time_n and_o be_v before_o the_o fyre_n of_o the_o 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from_o the_o dark_a and_o elder_a time_n to_o these_o no_o less_o neglect_v of_o we_o from_o the_o year_n 720._o to_o near_o 900._o during_o all_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o all_o the_o counsel_n remain_v compose_v exit_fw-la episcopis_fw-la cantuariae_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regist._n ducibus_fw-la satrapis_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la dignitate_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la scilicet_fw-la &_o secularibus_fw-la personis_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o stabilitate_fw-la regni_fw-la pertractand_v seven_o of_o they_o be_v rege_fw-la praecedente_fw-la and_o but_o one_o by_o deputy_n and_o incongruous_a it_o be_v and_o almost_o nonsense_n to_o bar_v his_o presence_n that_o be_v precedent_n of_o such_o a_o assembly_n the_o saxon_a monarchy_n under_o alfred_n ethelred_n edgari_fw-la and_o edgar_n in_o their_o synod_n or_o placita_fw-la generalia_fw-la go_v in_o the_o same_o practice_n and_o since_o thus_o ethelwald_n appeal_v against_o earl_n leofrick_n from_o the_o county_n and_o generale_fw-mi placitum_fw-la before_o king_n ethelred_n and_o edgira_n the_o queen_n elien_n against_o earl_n goda_n to_o eldred_n the_o king_n at_o london_n waverley_n congregatis_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o sapientibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la galice_n in_o the_o year_n 1502._o under_o edward_n the_o confessor_n statutum_n est_fw-la placitum_fw-la magnum_fw-la extra_fw-la londinum_n quod_fw-la normanni_n ex_fw-la francorum_fw-la consuetud_fw-la confessoris_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la appellant_n where_o the_o king_n and_o all_o his_o baron_n appeal_v goodwin_n for_o his_o brother_n alureds_n death_n the_o earl_n deny_v it_o and_o the_o king_n reply_v thus_o my_o lord_n you_o that_o be_v my_o liege_n man_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o land_n here_o assemble_v together_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o his_o answer_n unto_o you_o be_v it_o leave_v to_o do_v right_a betwixt_o we_o at_o the_o great_a council_n at_o westminster_n 1072._o cantuarien_n in_o easter_n week_n 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which_o after_o cardinal_n woolsey_n for_o the_o more_o honour_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n amend_v and_o that_o still_o remain_v the_o groundwork_n of_o the_o present_a government_n which_o be_v now_o so_o much_o corrupt_v it_o may_v seem_v fit_a either_o to_o put_v down_o the_o table_n and_o leave_v all_o attendant_n to_o allowance_n of_o money_n as_o france_z and_o spain_n do_v or_o else_o â—y_a set_v up_o the_o hall_n again_o reduce_v the_o household_n to_o the_o best_a first_o and_o most_o magnificent_a order_n so_o all_o thing_n be_v spend_v in_o public_a will_v be_v to_o the_o king_n honour_n and_o the_o secret_a waste_n by_o chamber_n diet_n and_o purloin_v prevent_v to_o the_o king_n benefit_n for_o there_o be_v never_o a_o backdoor_n in_o court_n that_o cost_v not_o the_o king_n 2000_o l._n yearly_a and_o few_o mean_a house_n in_o westminster_n that_o be_v not_o maintain_v with_o food_n and_o fire_v by_o the_o stealth_n of_o their_o court-instrument_n by_o abate_v and_o reform_v the_o excess_n of_o retinue_n and_o favourite_n thus_o do_v henry_n 2._o bern_a with_o william_n de_fw-fr ipre_n earl_n of_o kent_n a_o netherlander_n and_o all_o his_o countryman_n and_o follower_n when_o they_o grow_v heavy_a and_o a_o burden_n to_o this_o state_n unable_a to_o foster_v more_o than_o her_o own_o natural_a child_n thus_o richard_n 1_o 1._o do_v with_o otho_n earl_n of_o york_n and_o all_o the_o bavarian_n although_o he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o his_o sister_n take_v from_o he_o that_o earldom_n for_o that_o the_o people_n oppose_v it_o and_o give_v he_o in_o exchange_n the_o title_n of_o poictife_n thus_o henry_n 3_o papae_fw-la do_v with_o his_o half-brethren_n the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o all_o the_o poicton_n theit_fw-ge follower_n thus_o do_v edward_n 2._o 285._o by_o this_o ordinance_n que_fw-fr tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr lineage_n sire_n pieres_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n soit_fw-fr entirement_n ouste_a de_fw-fr estre_fw-fr 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it_o lest_o the_o king_n want_n shall_v light_v upon_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o keep_v the_o hand_n of_o henry_n 6._o 24._o from_o wasteful_a give_v the_o council_n induce_v he_o to_o convey_v to_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o other_o all_o profit_n by_o ward_n marriage_n relief_n escheat_n and_o forfeiture_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o house_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a accusation_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o somerset_n 6._o for_o suffer_v the_o king_n to_o give_v away_o the_o possession_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o spoil_n for_o so_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n and_o it_o be_v make_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a article_n to_o depose_v richard_n 2._o 4_o for_o waste_v and_o bestow_v the_o land_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o unworthy_a person_n and_o thereby_o overcharging_a the_o commons_o by_o exaction_n three_o raise_v of_o money_n and_o improve_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n either_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o power_n absolute_a in_o the_o sovereign_n 1._o grant_v of_o the_o subject_a which_o be_v general_n as_o in_o parliament_n or_o particular_a by_o lones_fw-gr compulsive_a or_o benevolent_a general_n secto_fw-la as_o in_o parliament_n wherein_o they_o give_v the_o king_n part_n of_o their_o own_o by_o way_n of_o retribution_n only_o as_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o state_n hence_o grow_v the_o scutage_n grant_v to_o hen._n eversden_n 2._o richard_n 1_o roffens_n john_n and_o henry_n 3._o to_o edward_n 1._o divers_a fifteen_o and_o ten_o for_o his_o war_n against_o the_o scot_n and_o welshman_n 4._o the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n and_o other_o contribution_n to_o edward_n 3._o for_o his_o war_n and_o the_o like_v grant_v to_o richard_n 2._o annis_fw-la 2._o 3._o 7._o so_o they_o may_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o war_n and_o particular_a treasurer_n to_o account_v in_o parliament_n so_o in_o the_o 8._o and_o 9_o of_o henry_n 4._o on_o the_o like_a condition_n tonnage_n and_o poundage_n begin_v the_o 45._o edward_n 3._o have_v hence_o its_o original_n and_o therefore_o 13._o 5._o henry_n 4._o and_o 1._o henry_n 5._o they_o be_v grant_v so_o in_o express_a word_n and_o that_o they_o proceed_v of_o goodwill_n and_o not_o of_o duty_n precedent_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v plentiful_a in_o all_o the_o roll_n for_o maintenance_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o church_n as_o in_o the_o year_n 1166._o to_o henry_n 2._o be_v give_v twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n 2._o and_o in_o the_o 18._o edward_n 1._o a_o fifteen_o be_v grant_v to_o expel_v the_o jew_n and_o anno_fw-la 4._o richard_n 2._o a_o ten_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o commons_o for_o his_o help_n to_o suppress_v the_o wicklivian_n heresy_n for_o support_v of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o do_v the_o state_n to_o henry_n 3_o ed._n anno_fw-la 27._o for_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o the_o like_o anno_fw-la 15._o be_v grant_v 29._o edward_n 1._o and_o 13._o edward_n 3._o and_o 7._o henry_n 4._o that_o the_o law_n may_v be_v execute_v against_o purveior_n for_o redress_v of_o the_o aggrievance_n as_o in_o the_o 15._o 16._o edward_n 3._o so_o that_o the_o king_n will_v perform_v their_o petition_n or_o else_o they_o hold_v themselves_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o nine_o they_o have_v give_v the_o like_a be_v the_o 7_o 4._o 8_o 9_o 10._o and_o 11._o richard_n 2._o the_o 10._o and_o 15._o grant_v the_o 4._o and_o 7._o of_o henry_n 5._o be_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n lay_v no_o imposition_n upon_o the_o state_n and_o 7._o edward_n 4._o the_o state_n releive_v the_o king_n so_o he_o will_v promise_v to_o live_v hereafter_o upon_o his_o own_o and_o not_o burden_n the_o state_n the_o which_o he_o there_o protest_v to_o perform_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o to_o improve_v the_o grant_n of_o subsidy_n to_o the_o extreme_a 2._o value_n there_o be_v new_a commissioner_n appoint_v to_o survey_v and_o advance_v man_n fortune_n above_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o former_a tax_n and_o commission_n have_v be_v grant_v out_o as_o 3._o richard_n 2._o or_o to_o enable_v he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o by_o a_o act_n of_o resumption_n of_o land_n office_n annuity_n thus_o do_v henry_n 3_o 4._o anno_fw-la 6._o and_o edward_n 2._o anno_o 5._o to_o 9_o &_o 10._o by_o a_o ordination_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n all_o grant_v make_v by_o edward_n 3._o to_o unwornthy_a person_n richard_n 2._o resume_v anno_fw-la primo_fw-la and_o by_o henry_n 4._o anno_o 6._o all_o patent_n for_o life_n or_o year_n since_o 4._o edward_n 3_o be_v resume_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n hen._n 5._o revoke_v all_o grant_n out_o of_o the_o principality_n make_v to_o unworthy_a person_n and_o all_o annuity_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n deduct_v out_o 10000_o
to_o make_v the_o body_n a_o stranger_n to_o pain_n both_o in_o take_v from_o it_o the_o occasion_n of_o disease_n and_o make_v the_o outward_a inconvenience_n of_o want_v as_o hunger_n and_o cold_a if_o not_o delightful_a at_o least_o suffareble_a fr._n walsingham_n a_o brief_a discourse_n concern_v the_o power_n of_o the_o peer_n and_o commons_z of_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o judicature_n write_a by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n at_o the_o request_n of_o a_o peer_n of_o this_o realm_n london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o a_o brief_a discourse_n concern_v the_o power_n of_o the_o peer_n etc._n etc._n sir_n to_o give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n of_o your_o desire_n as_o i_o can_v i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o lay_v you_o as_o a_o ground_n the_o frame_n or_o first_o model_n of_o this_o state_n when_o after_o the_o period_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n harold_n have_v lift_v himself_o into_o the_o royal_a seat_n the_o great_a man_n to_o who_o but_o late_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o equal_a either_o in_o fortune_n or_o power_n disdain_v this_o act_n of_o arrogancy_n call_v in_o william_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n a_o prince_n more_o active_a than_o any_o in_o these_o western_a part_n and_o renown_v for_o many_o victory_n he_o have_v fortunate_o achieve_v against_o the_o french_a king_n than_o the_o most_o potent_a monarch_n of_o europe_n this_o duke_n lead_v along_o with_o he_o to_o this_o work_n of_o glory_n many_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o best_a family_n of_o normandy_n picardy_n and_o flanders_n who_o as_o undertaker_n accompany_v the_o undertake_n of_o this_o fortunate_a man._n the_o usurper_n slay_v and_o the_o crown_n by_o war_n gain_v to_o secure_v certain_a to_o his_o posterity_n what_o he_o have_v so_o sudden_o get_v he_o share_v out_o his_o purchase_n retain_v in_o each_o county_n a_o portion_n to_o support_v the_o dignity_n sovereign_a which_o be_v style_v domenia_n regni_n now_o the_o ancient_a demean_n and_o assign_v to_o 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