upon_o his_o indictment_n be_v acquit_v but_o the_o lo._n coke_n in_o his_o three_o institutes_n fol._n 107._o say_v certain_z it_o be_v that_o such_o discovery_n be_v accompany_v with_o perjury_n and_o a_o great_a misprision_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o it_o be_v well_o provide_v by_o the_o oath_n that_o each_o juror_n be_v swear_v to_o keep_v his_o own_o counsel_n also_o for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o keep_v his_o own_o secret_n will_v hardly_o keep_v another_o so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n with_o what_o integrity_n they_o ought_v to_o do_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v to_o present_v no_o person_n for_o any_o offence_n through_o any_o malice_n they_o have_v to_o the_o person_n nor_o omit_v any_o mere_o for_o any_o favour_n they_o have_v for_o the_o person_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v nothing_o but_o practice_n these_o two_o seem_v very_o easy_a but_o indeed_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o flesh_n and_o blood_n not_o to_o take_v revenge_n when_o one_o have_v power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o not_o to_o show_v favour_n when_o there_o be_v power_n and_o opportunity_n to_o express_v it_o not_o but_o that_o a_o grand_a juror_n may_v present_v another_o he_o be_v at_o difference_n withal_o if_o there_o be_v a_o real_a and_o true_a cause_n for_o it_o but_o it_o must_v not_o be_v do_v from_o malice_n and_o by_o way_n of_o revenge_n in_o present_v such_o a_o person_n before_o another_o as_o guilty_a malice_n and_o favour_n two_o great_a enemy_n to_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v exclude_v all_o court_n of_o justice_n as_o too_o partial_a and_o therefore_o the_o oath_n well_o conclude_v that_o they_o shall_v present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n all_o these_o three_o expression_n of_o truth_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o fact_n of_o murder_n or_o unlawful_a kill_n for_o i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n apply_v it_o to_o that_o offence_n in_o a_o legal_a sense_n as_o to_o legal_a proceed_n the_o truth_n that_o be_v truth_n sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o accusation_n against_o a_o nocent_a person_n the_o whole_a truth_n not_o conceal_v any_o part_n of_o it_o wilful_o but_o so_o present_v it_o that_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v the_o unlawful_a kill_v another_o may_v come_v in_o question_n to_o another_o jury_n which_o can_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v find_v murder_n the_o common_a law_n account_v all_o felonious_a and_o unlawful_a kill_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n murder_n until_o the_o difference_n and_o distinction_n appear_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o another_o jury_n that_o be_v to_o try_v it_o and_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o point_n of_o law_n upon_o that_o verdict_n observe_v the_o note_n in_o the_o margin_n 26._o what_o that_o statute_n say_v adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n or_o justice_n not_o the_o grand_a jury_n what_o be_v manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la and_o it_o can_v never_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o when_o it_o be_v try_v before_o they_o which_o can_v be_v upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la only_o as_o be_v more_o full_o observe_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n observe_v likewise_o what_o follow_v in_o that_o statute_n sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la so_o that_o by_o this_o statute_n all_o felonious_a kill_n be_v murder_n still_o as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o and_o that_o statute_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repeal_v by_o grand_a juror_n and_o as_o there_o must_v not_o be_v in_o the_o grand_a jury_n suppressio_fw-la very_fw-la a_o suppression_n or_o lessen_v of_o the_o truth_n so_o there_o must_v not_o be_v expressio_fw-la falsi_fw-la a_o false_a accusation_n both_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n that_o be_v no_o know_a falsity_n no_o false_a accusation_n against_o any_o person_n must_v be_v present_v whereby_o to_o bring_v a_o innocent_a person_n to_o trial_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o the_o fact_n to_o be_v prove_v against_o he_o or_o any_o probable_a accusation_n if_o these_o three_o truth_n in_o this_o oath_n mention_v be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o legal_a sense_n and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o legal_a proceed_n in_o these_o case_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_o to_o be_v instruct_v how_o any_o grand_a juror_n that_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n can_v satisfy_v his_o fact_n conscience_n that_o in_o a_o plain_a literal_a and_o grammatical_a sense_n he_o can_v swear_v that_o every_o presentment_n and_o indictment_n that_o come_v from_o the_o grand_a jury_n with_o a_o billa_z vera_fw-la contain_v in_o it_o the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n and_o this_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n according_a to_o their_o best_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n for_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o practice_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n for_o it_o be_v rather_o discretio_fw-la legis_fw-la than_o hominis_fw-la and_o thus_o have_v i_o according_a to_o my_o best_a sense_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o oath_n explain_v it_o and_o answer_v the_o common_a objection_n to_o it_o by_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o oath_n that_o any_o way_n oblige_v they_o against_o what_o i_o have_v either_o here_o or_o in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n advise_v they_o unto_o and_o that_o this_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o evident_a because_o i_o will_v make_v it_o as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v though_o with_o too_o many_o tautology_n and_o repetition_n i_o shall_v also_o in_o terminis_fw-la set_v down_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n by_o which_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o only_o stand_v charge_v with_o the_o prisoner_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o the_o grand_a jury_n only_o with_o the_o accusation_n against_o he_o you_o shall_v well_o and_o true_o try_v and_o true_a deliverance_n make_v between_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n who_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o charge_n and_o a_o true_a verdict_n give_v according_a to_o your_o evidence_n so_o help_v you_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v formal_o and_o legal_o draw_v up_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o declaration_n at_o law_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n the_o king_n be_v plaintiff_n and_o the_o prisoner_n defendant_n which_o the_o prisoner_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n either_o confess_v and_o then_o he_o be_v convict_v without_o hear_v of_o any_o evidence_n against_o he_o or_o otherwise_o plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o it_o to_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n join_v issue_n by_o cull_v prit_fw-fr viz._n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v he_o guilty_a and_o so_o the_o issue_n be_v thus_o join_v evidence_n for_o the_o king_n be_v give_v against_o he_o upon_o oath_n to_o which_o he_o make_v his_o defence_n in_o person_n or_o by_o 129._o council_n if_o any_o point_n of_o law_n arise_v to_o which_o he_o desire_v council_n and_o the_o court_n approve_v of_o it_o the_o judge_n be_v as_o well_o of_o council_n for_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o king_n call_v his_o witness_n if_o he_o have_v any_o who_o speak_v upon_o their_o credit_n and_o not_o upon_o their_o oath_n which_o be_v much_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o prisoner_n the_o law_n presume_v in_o favour_n of_o life_n the_o affirmative_a proof_n to_o be_v so_o clear_a against_o the_o prisoner_n that_o nothing_o in_o the_o 29._o negative_a can_v be_v prove_v upon_o oath_n against_o it_o and_o after_o a_o full_a trial_n of_o what_o can_v be_v say_v and_o prove_v on_o both_o side_n and_o a_o convenient_a time_n take_v by_o the_o jury_n to_o consider_v of_o it_o they_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n either_o convict_v he_o or_o acquit_v he_o either_o find_v he_o guilty_a according_a to_o the_o indictment_n find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n by_o hear_v of_o one_o side_n or_o special_o as_o they_o find_v the_o fact_n by_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n for_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v strict_o to_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o the_o indictment_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n have_v find_v it_o for_o they_o may_v by_o law_n extenuate_v it_o to_o the_o least_o degree_n of_o offence_n that_o can_v be_v in_o that_o kind_n but_o they_o can_v aggravate_v it_o or_o exceed_v above_o what_o the_o grand_a jury_n have_v find_v for_o if_o they_o may_v do_v so_o they_o will_v become_v accuser_n as_o well_o as_o tryer_n
and_o unjust_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o person_n to_o leave_v it_o as_o a_o entire_a fact_n of_o murder_n to_o the_o trial_n and_o verdict_n of_o the_o second_o jury_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n upon_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n and_o receive_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o what_o species_n or_o degree_n of_o murder_n it_o be_v which_o likewise_o if_o any_o doubt_n or_o point_n of_o law_n arise_v in_o the_o case_n as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v they_o may_v find_v it_o special_o which_o a_o grand_a jury_n can_v and_o thereupon_o receive_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n murder_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o several_a species_n and_o in_o common_a acceptation_n he_o be_v account_v a_o murderer_n that_o kill_v any_o man_n or_o reasonable_a creature_n unlawful_o and_o the_o commandment_n be_v thou_o shall_v do_v no_o murder_n which_o certain_o comprehend_v all_o unlawful_a kill_n otherwise_o that_o command_n be_v not_o well_o translate_v from_o the_o text_n non_fw-la occides_fw-la thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v and_o in_o my_o own_o experience_n for_o above_o forty_o and_o five_o year_n in_o one_o circuit_n i_o have_v very_o often_o know_v many_o learned_a judge_n such_o as_o mr._n justice_n doderidge_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n davenport_n mr._n justice_n jones_n mr._n justice_n whitlock_n and_o many_o other_o often_o rebuke_v and_o reject_v the_o presentment_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n and_o other_o felony_n where_o they_o have_v either_o vary_v from_o their_o evidence_n or_o from_o the_o law_n the_o judge_n before_o hand_n have_v receive_v some_o light_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o fact_n from_o the_o information_n and_o examination_n therein_o deliver_v into_o the_o court_n by_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o coroner_n a_o very_a good_a rule_n for_o judge_n to_o observe_v and_o often_o either_o put_v it_o upon_o a_o open_a evidence_n in_o court_n which_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a or_o discharge_v they_o of_o such_o a_o bill_n and_o bind_v the_o witness_n over_o to_o the_o next_o assize_n which_o be_v also_o very_o inconvenient_a in_o regard_n witness_n may_v die_v or_o the_o prisoner_n may_v die_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o offence_n unpunished_a and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n there_o will_v be_v too_o much_o opportunity_n give_v for_o compound_v and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o the_o prosecutor_n and_o witness_n and_o in_o these_o modern_a time_n since_o the_o happy_a return_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o i_o have_v know_v several_a learned_a and_o pious_a judge_n some_o since_o dead_a other_o yet_o live_v and_o eminent_a upon_o the_o bench_n in_o oxfordshire_n circuit_n fine_a and_o imprison_v several_a grand_a juror_n for_o their_o miscarriage_n and_o misdemeanour_n in_o deliver_v in_o bill_n of_o manslaughter_n instead_o of_o bill_n of_o murder_n against_o the_o clear_a and_o positive_a direction_n of_o the_o court._n and_o this_o may_v serve_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n from_o the_o liberty_n and_o affect_a practice_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o find_v of_o bill_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n according_a to_o their_o own_o humour_n and_o apprehension_n to_o introduce_v a_o law_n that_o therefore_o they_o may_v find_v they_o as_o they_o please_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o court_n advise_v and_o direct_v the_o draw_v of_o they_o murder_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n of_o mr._n justice_n stamford_n in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v where_o he_o say_v that_o whereas_o the_o statute_n of_o glouc._n c._n 9_o say_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o put_v himself_o in_o a_o inquest_n de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la this_o be_v only_o intend_v say_v he_o when_o he_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o not_o where_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o indictment_n the_o special_a matter_n be_v find_v as_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n may_v find_v especial_a verdict_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o answer_v to_o this_o objection_n certain_o mr._n justice_n stamford_n though_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n do_v well_o consider_v this_o matter_n and_o his_o opinion_n therein_o when_o he_o set_v it_o down_o for_o he_o inform_v you_o not_o what_o shall_v become_v of_o such_o a_o indictment_n where_o only_o the_o special_a matter_n be_v find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n whether_o the_o party_n may_v traverse_v it_o for_o it_o be_v but_o a_o trespass_n or_o confess_v it_o and_o so_o have_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n upon_o such_o confession_n and_o then_o the_o judge_n that_o be_v to_o make_v the_o report_n or_o certificate_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fact_n to_o the_o king_n in_o chancery_n must_v certify_v like_o blind_a and_o deaf_a man_n that_o never_o see_v or_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n nor_o understand_v any_o thing_n by_o evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n like_o the_o lay-zealot_n must_v believe_v as_o the_o priest_n believe_v prefer_v obedience_n before_o truth_n but_o sure_o no_o prudent_a and_o pious_a judge_n will_v make_v such_o a_o blind_a certificate_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n beside_o whoever_o shall_v judicious_o and_o impartial_o compare_v and_o weigh_v the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n together_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n what_o mischief_n it_o be_v make_v to_o prevent_v and_o consider_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v never_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n in_o this_o particular_a there_o be_v so_o little_a of_o reason_n or_o true_a meaning_n of_o either_o of_o those_o statute_n in_o it_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebr_n be_v these_o murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v judge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o seem_v there_o be_v two_o jury_n the_o grand_a jury_n and_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o present_v and_o try_v the_o offence_n of_o murder_n otherwise_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o it_o they_o never_o pass_v judgement_n upon_o a_o grand_a jury_n presentment_n which_o by_o the_o way_n show_n that_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judge_n not_o the_o grand_a jury_n upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o trial_n by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o circumstance_n of_o murder_n and_o of_o what_o species_n or_o degree_n it_o be_v this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n do_v only_o declare_v a_o new_a law_n that_o where_o it_o be_v find_v per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la it_o shall_v not_o be_v felony_n and_o murder_n as_o it_o be_v before_o that_o statute_n but_o that_o the_o party_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v have_v upon_o certificate_n of_o the_o justice_n before_o who_o he_o be_v try_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n happy_o then_o upon_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n which_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o this_o learned_a judge_n then_o come_v the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n as_o if_o the_o other_o have_v not_o be_v true_o understand_v or_o at_o least_o have_v not_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o offence_n of_o blood_n and_o in_o plain_a word_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v command_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n or_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n without_o felony_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n or_o justice_n of_o goal-delivery_n and_o shall_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n for_o good_a and_o evil_n that_o be_v for_o life_n and_o death_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v understand_v where_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v it_o but_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o that_o be_v not_o felony_n and_o so_o can_v be_v arraign_v thereupon_o whereby_o to_o put_v himself_o the_o bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la so_o as_o to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o issue_n between_o he_o and_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v the_o judge_n in_o that_o case_n as_o be_v say_v before_o make_v a_o true_a and_o right_a certificate_n of_o the_o offence_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o must_v be_v special_o and_o true_o certify_v according_a to_o law_n whereby_o to_o procure_v a_o pardon_n as_o that_o statute_n express_o require_v and_o if_o the_o party_n shall_v plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o that_o special_a matter_n find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n what_o can_v that_o signify_v as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v for_o the_o jury_n that_o be_v charge_v with_o such_o indictment_n must_v either_o find_v the_o party_n guilty_a in_o special_a manner_n as_o it_o
be_v find_v before_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o that_o make_v too_o special_o verdict_n or_o else_o general_o not_o guilty_a if_o they_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a matter_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v before_o they_o and_o the_o judge_n and_o court_n shall_v afterward_o adjudge_v as_o they_o may_v have_v hear_v the_o evidence_n that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la it_o be_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n then_o no_o judgement_n of_o death_n or_o clergy_n can_v be_v give_v upon_o that_o indictment_n or_o verdict_n but_o all_o must_v be_v try_v over_o again_o and_o a_o new_a circuit_n of_o business_n upon_o a_o second_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o how_o dilatory_a and_o idle_a will_v this_o be_v at_o a_o assize_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n if_o judge_n stamford_n be_v alive_a again_o although_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o judgement_n he_o will_v sure_o with_o some_o other_o error_n in_o that_o book_n recant_v this_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o prisoner_n to_o have_v it_o find_v special_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o he_o can_v never_o plead_v either_o such_o a_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v and_o well_o consider_v this_o seven_o chapter_n write_v by_o judge_n stamford_n in_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o this_o opinion_n be_v especial_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o he_o come_v to_o observe_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n and_o how_o the_o certificate_n of_o such_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n shall_v be_v obtain_v must_v of_o necessity_n hold_v his_o first_o opinion_n in_o that_o chapter_n for_o the_o special_a matter_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v very_o inconsiderate_o express_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o learned_a judge_n for_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la mistake_v in_o this_o as_o in_o some_o other_o opinion_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o style_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o which_o he_o be_v detect_v by_o the_o lo._n coke_n and_o other_o that_o follow_v he_o who_o stand_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n must_v needs_o see_v far_o than_o he_o do_v or_o can_v as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o few_o as_o first_o 6._o that_o respite_n of_o execution_n where_o a_o woman_n be_v priviment_n enfent_n where_o a_o woman_n after_o judgement_n plead_v her_o belly_n shall_v be_v grant_v only_o say_v he_o in_o felony_n whereas_o it_o be_v grantable_a both_o in_o high_a treason_n and_o petit_fw-la treason_n 18._o a_o second_o be_v 52._o that_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n after_o the_o murder_n and_o homicide_n commit_v shall_v be_v account_v after_o the_o blow_n give_v or_o poison_v administer_v whereas_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v after_o the_o death_n 53._o for_o then_o the_o party_n be_v murder_v and_o not_o after_o the_o stroke_n or_o poison_v give_v coke_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 41_o 42._o in_o heydon_n case_n a_o three_o observe_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n write_v upon_o the_o statute_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 12._o which_o make_v it_o felony_n to_o steal_v away_o record_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n their_o procurer_n counsellor_n and_o abettor_n say_v this_o act_n express_o extend_v to_o accessary_n before_o and_o leave_v accessary_n after_o to_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n rep._n yet_o there_o may_v be_v accessary_n after_o the_o fact_n for_o whensoever_o a_o offence_n be_v make_v a_o felony_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o shall_v be_v accessary_n to_o it_o both_o before_o and_o after_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o act_n express_v only_a accessary_n before_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o accessary_n after_o but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n and_o again_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 8_o h._n 29._o 6._o c._n 29._o insufficiency_n or_o want_n of_o freehold_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o challenge_n to_o alien_n who_o be_v impanel_v with_o alien_n notwithstanding_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n opinion_n pl._n coron_n 160._o for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 2_o h._n 3._o 5._o c._n 3._o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o inquest_n betwixt_o denizen_n and_o denizen_n but_o enough_o and_o perhaps_o too_o much_o have_v be_v say_v in_o mention_v the_o mistake_n of_o that_o reverend_n and_o learned_a judge_n sr._n pleas._n william_n stamford_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o term_a placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o title_n of_o it_o have_v be_v correct_v amend_v and_o enlarge_v since_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o urge_v in_o the_o least_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o learning_n and_o honour_n of_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a judge_n or_o from_o the_o value_n of_o that_o book_n which_o notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o few_o mistake_v find_v in_o it_o yet_o be_v of_o as_o high_a esteem_n as_o any_o book_n of_o the_o law_n extant_a upon_o that_o subject_a but_o principal_o to_o show_v that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o err_v in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v grand_a juror_n find_v the_o special_a matter_n as_o in_o those_o mention_v and_o that_o no_o human_a author_n in_o the_o law_n or_o any_o other_o science_n be_v infallible_a and_o that_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o we_o ground_n any_o law_n upon_o the_o bare_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o two_o person_n though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a part_n or_o esteem_n whereby_o to_o justify_v or_o maintain_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o practice_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v finis_fw-la duellum_fw-la quasi_fw-la duorum_fw-la bellum_fw-la do_v without_o authority_n be_v a_o war_n against_o authority_n that_o which_o the_o victor_n think_v to_o be_v his_o honour_n prove_v his_o dishonour_n his_o life_n his_o land_n and_o good_n be_v by_o law_n forfeit_v and_o his_o blood_n corrupt_v infoelix_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la majus_fw-la periculum_fw-la incumbit_fw-la victori_fw-la quam_fw-la victo_fw-la victo_fw-la the_o oath_n of_o a_o grand_a juror_n stamf._n fol._n 36._o 27._o lib._n ass_n murdrum_n de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la non_fw-la adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la ubi_fw-la infortunium_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la adjudicatum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la statut._n de_fw-fr marlebridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 26._o 26._o utramque_fw-la partem_fw-la ni_fw-fr audias_fw-la ne_fw-la judices_fw-la qui_fw-la judicat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la parte_fw-la inaudita_fw-la altera_fw-la licet_fw-la aequum_fw-la judicaret_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la yet_o grand_a juror_n take_v themselves_o to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n fact_n if_o he_o have_v council_n he_o must_v pray_v it_o before_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a he_o can_v after_o 3._o inst_n fol._n 129._o 129._o and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o regular_o he_o can_v have_v council_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v the_o court_n ought_v to_o see_v the_o indictment_n trial_n and_o other_o proceed_n good_a in_o law_n lest_o by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n they_o attaint_v the_o prisoner_n 3._o inst._n 137._o fol._n 29._o secta_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v by_o indictment_n which_o be_v the_o king_n suit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v his_o declaration_n the_o king_n former_o do_v not_o pardon_v homicidium_fw-la but_o sectam_fw-la pacis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la de_fw-la homicidiis_fw-la 3._o inst_n fol._n 235._o 235._o 25_o e._n 3._o 4._o 5_o e._n 3._o 9_o 42_o e._n 3._o 3_o vit._n abbot_n st._n alban_n 143._o 143._o 37_o e._n 3._o 18._o 18._o cook_n 3._o inst_n tit._n indict_v 136._o 136._o except_o by_o utlawry_n utlawry_n no_o peer_n or_o subject_a can_v be_v convict_v by_o verdict_n but_o the_o offence_n must_v be_v find_v by_o twenty_o four_o four_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr procheines_fw-fr to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v he_o most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n ibid._n the_o king_n jury_n jury_n jus_fw-la à _fw-la jovis_n nomine_fw-la jus_fw-la qu._n jovis_n os_fw-la omne_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la v_o statut._n 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 11._o forasmuch_o as_o many_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n and_o culpable_a of_o the_o same_o by_o favourable_a inquest_n take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o king_n
a_fw-fr graec._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o qui_fw-la progredi_fw-la possit_fw-la praegredi_fw-la debet_fw-la he_o that_o will_v go_v on_o in_o virtue_n certain_o ought_v principal_o to_o be_v choose_v to_o attend_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v call_v justitia_fw-la quasi_fw-la juris_fw-la statio_fw-la vel_fw-la status_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la justitiam_fw-la jus_o stat_fw-la i._o exercetur_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v call_v justice_n because_o it_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o right_n miserable_fw-la servitus_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_fw-la vagum_fw-la justice_n be_v one_o of_o the_o cardinal_n virtue_n ought_v to_o be_v attend_v by_o none_o but_o the_o virtuoso_fw-la the_o most_o virtuous_a pious_a and_o ingenuous_a person_n probi_fw-la signify_v not_o only_o faithful_a but_o skilful_a none_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v faithful_a in_o keep_v a_o oath_n suspect_v that_o want_v skill_n to_o know_v how_o to_o perform_v his_o duty_n what_o expectation_n can_v there_o be_v of_o a_o good_a verdict_n from_o a_o bad_a or_o ignorant_a man_n can_v he_o that_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o understand_v a_o cause_n ever_o make_v a_o right_a judgement_n of_o it_o will_v a_o liar_n present_v a_o truth_n a_o thief_n convict_v his_o fellow_n thief_n a_o man_n of_o blood_n a_o murderer_n or_o who_o can_v expect_v justice_n from_o he_o who_o neither_o to_o his_o god_n nor_o to_o himself_o be_v just_a 133._o or_o true_a he_o that_o believe_v judge_n be_v quasi_fw-la dei_fw-la god_n as_o the_o scripture_n call_v they_o or_o that_o god_n sit_v among_o and_o be_v present_a with_o judge_n in_o judgement_n as_o in_o the_o scripture_n sense_n it_o be_v truth_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v believe_v can_v but_o apprehend_v how_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v to_o bring_v such_o a_o jury_n before_o such_o a_o presence_n to_o act_v in_o a_o concernment_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n as_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n who_o verdict_n ought_v to_o be_v veredictum_fw-la a_o true_a say_n juratur_fw-la quoddam_fw-la evangelium_fw-la as_o the_o gospel_n they_o swear_v upon_o dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la the_o say_n of_o truth_n itself_o especial_o as_o it_o be_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o hear_v not_o only_o the_o accuser_n and_o his_o witness_n but_o also_o the_o party_n accuse_v and_o his_o witness_n face_n to_o face_n they_o be_v call_v although_o a_o jury_n petty_a jury_n yet_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o although_o they_o inquire_v of_o the_o same_o offence_n from_o the_o great_a power_n in_o their_o hand_n to_o acquit_v or_o condemn_v the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n according_a to_o their_o evidence_n upon_o who_o verdict_n the_o judge_n according_a to_o law_n ground_n the_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o death_n of_o acquittal_n or_o condemnation_n and_o as_o a_o jury_n may_v give_v a_o just_a verdict_n as_o to_o themselves_o upon_o a_o false_a testimony_n give_v to_o they_o so_o may_v the_o judge_n as_o to_o himself_o give_v a_o just_a judgement_n upon_o a_o false_a verdict_n give_v by_o the_o jury_n for_o as_o the_o juror_n be_v excusable_a that_o give_v their_o verdict_n secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la per_fw-la sacrum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la by_o what_o be_v allege_v and_o prove_v to_o they_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o witness_n or_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n even_o so_o that_o judge_n be_v excusable_a in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la that_o give_v judgement_n upon_o a_o verdict_n though_o false_a for_o he_o do_v not_o therein_o jus_n dare_v but_o jus_fw-la dicere_fw-la secundum_fw-la veredict_v jur._n upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o perit_n jury_n and_o presentment_n of_o a_o grand_a jury_n and_o this_o be_v full_o verify_v in_o two_o remarkable_a extreme_n case_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n a_o sufficient_a caution_n to_o all_o judge_n not_o to_o try_v any_o for_o murder_n where_o they_o have_v not_o a_o infallible_a evidence_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v and_o as_o every_o juror_n ought_v to_o be_v probus_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o honest_a and_o a_o skilful_a man_n so_o ought_v every_o one_o to_o be_v legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o person_n so_o qualify_v that_o the_o law_n allow_v of_o for_o a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o honest_a prudent_a and_o just_a man_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n not_o a_o lawful_a juryman_n for_o in_o one_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la that_o be_v not_o ligeus_n &_o subditus_fw-la dom._n regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la treason_n for_o the_o law_n provide_v that_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n shall_v be_v try_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o their_o equal_n their_o fellow_n subject_n in_o a_o proper_a sense_n he_o be_v say_v in_o law_n not_o to_o be_v legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la that_o be_v homo_fw-la utlagatus_fw-la a_o outlaw_a person_n one_o that_o be_v extra_fw-la legem_fw-la positus_fw-la who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o one_o that_o be_v extraneus_fw-la a_o alien_n a_o stranger_n one_o not_o only_o put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o the_o law_n will_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o as_o he_o so_o stand_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o juror_n nay_o such_o a_o person_n be_v a_o juror_n will_v make_v the_o verdict_n void_a and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a exception_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o any_o of_o the_o juror_n be_v outlaw_v but_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n he_o be_v not_o legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la such_o a_o legal_a and_o indifferent_a person_n as_o the_o law_n require_v who_o be_v either_o in_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o blood_n to_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o partial_a or_o in_o such_o a_o evil_a reputation_n 32._o as_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o unjust_a for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o a_o father_n to_o be_v of_o a_o jury_n to_o try_v his_o son_n or_o the_o son_n the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n or_o near_a relation_n to_o try_v one_o another_o so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o he_o that_o be_v particeps_fw-la criminis_fw-la or_o indeed_o criminalis_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o man_n that_o stand_v judicial_o accuse_v indict_v convict_v or_o attaint_v for_o felony_n to_o try_v another_o for_o felony_n or_o indeed_o to_o be_v a_o grand_a juror_n to_o present_v it_o the_o law_n provide_v that_o each_o juror_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o person_n rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la that_o stand_v right_a in_o court_n above_z and_o against_o all_o natural_a rational_a and_o legal_a exception_n qui_fw-la accusat_fw-la integrae_fw-la famae_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la criminosus_fw-la for_o certain_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o a_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o wise_o to_o discern_v the_o cause_n in_o question_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a and_o perplex_a evidence_n many_o time_n require_v as_o great_a ability_n in_o the_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o in_o the_o judge_n to_o examine_v the_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v judgement_n upon_o the_o verdict_n there_o be_v much_o more_o of_o black-art_n use_v to_o darken_v and_o obscure_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n among_o the_o juror_n especial_o if_o either_o a_o great_a person_n or_o rich_a be_v concern_v therein_o than_o possible_o can_v be_v to_o prevent_v or_o prevaricate_v a_o right_a judgement_n in_o the_o judge_n or_o by_o any_o dust_n of_o gold_n power_n or_o favour_n to_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n or_o falsify_v his_o clear_a sight_n who_o sit_v every_o way_n above_o such_o a_o temptation_n the_o juror_n of_o england_n especial_o in_o the_o circuit_n with_o their_o unequal_a yoke-fellow_n the_o tales-man_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o very_a scandal_n of_o the_o law_n practical_a of_o england_n who_o seldom_o serve_v but_o to_o serve_v a_o turn_n fact_n to_o obey_v a_o superior_a pleasure_n a_o friend_n or_o to_o help_v away_o in_o a_o hurry_n a_o quick_a 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to_o find_v a_o bill_n and_o here_o i_o will_v leave_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o grand_a juror_n what_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n justice_n stamford'_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o he_o himself_o observe_v out_o of_o bracton_n a_o very_a ancient_a and_o learned_a lawyer_n as_o bracton_n order_n in_o case_n of_o suspicion_n upon_o indictment_n of_o felon_n 97._o de_fw-fr secta_fw-la regum_fw-la the_o word_n be_v these_o nunc_fw-la autem_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la indictamentis_fw-la per_fw-la famam_fw-la patriae_fw-la quum_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la inducunt_fw-la &_o cui_fw-la standum_fw-la est_fw-la donec_fw-la indictatus_fw-la se_fw-la à _fw-la tali_fw-la suspicion_n purgaverit_fw-la ex_fw-la fama_fw-la quidem_fw-la oritur_fw-la suspicio_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la fama_fw-la &_o suspicion_n oritur_fw-la gravis_fw-la praesumptio_fw-la tamen_fw-la probationem_fw-la admittit_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la sive_fw-la purgationem_fw-la suspicio_fw-la quidem_fw-la multiplex_fw-la esse_fw-la potest_fw-la primo_fw-la si_fw-la fama_fw-la oritur_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es &_o grave_n item_n ex_fw-la facto_fw-la praecedenti_fw-la oriatur_fw-la suspicio_fw-la cui_fw-la etiam_fw-la standum_fw-la est_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o let_v we_o know_v the_o several_a badge_n and_o mark_n of_o suspicion_n advise_v that_o those_o that_o will_v take_v public_a fame_n for_o a_o evidence_n take_v it_o from_o those_o that_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n and_o not_o of_o evil_a person_n as_o he_o go_v on_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr malevolis_fw-la &_o maledicis_fw-la sed_fw-la providis_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la dignis_fw-la personis_fw-la non_fw-la semel_fw-la sed_fw-la saepius_fw-la quia_fw-la clamour_n innuit_fw-la &_o defamatio_fw-la manifestat_fw-la tumultus_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o clamour_n populi_fw-la quandoque_fw-la fiunt_fw-la de_fw-la multis_fw-la quae_fw-la super_fw-la veritatem_fw-la non_fw-la fundantur_fw-la ideo_fw-la vanae_fw-la voces_fw-la populi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la audiendae_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la dicatur_fw-la jesus_n crucifigitur_fw-la barabas_n autem_fw-la liberatur_fw-la the_o whole_a chapter_n be_v well_o worth_a the_o read_n and_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o indictment_n or_o bill_n begin_v thus_o inquiratur_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la let_v it_o be_v inquire_v of_o for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n as_o the_o offence_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n whether_o the_o offence_n be_v so_o as_o be_v there_o suppose_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v say_v we_o judge_v it_o fit_a that_o it_o be_v far_o inquire_v of_o whether_o it_o be_v true_o so_o indeed_o as_o it_o be_v here_o suppose_a for_o the_o offence_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n as_o it_o come_v from_o the_o grand_a jury_n before_o it_o receive_v a_o far_a trial_n and_o enquiry_n of_o another_o jury_n be_v no_o more_o but_o crimen_fw-la suppositum_fw-la &_o impositum_fw-la a_o offence_n suppose_a and_o lay_v to_o one_o charge_n to_o answer_v and_o this_o clear_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o every_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n of_o any_o that_o be_v try_v upon_o a_o indictment_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o record_n be_v these_o viz._n juratores_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la a.b._n non_fw-la est_fw-la vel_fw-la est_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la de_fw-fr felonia_n &_o murdro_fw-la predict_v in_o indictamento_n praed_fw-we specificat_fw-la ei_fw-la superius_fw-la imponit_fw-la modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la indictamentum_fw-la praed_fw-we superius_fw-la versus_fw-la cum_fw-la supponitur_fw-la so_o that_o supponitur_fw-la &_o imponitur_fw-la suppose_v and_o impose_v be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o indictment_n the_o grand_a jury_n presentment_n upon_o hear_v of_o one_o side_n be_v the_o supposition_n and_o the_o other_o jury_n upon_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n the_o imposition_n or_o supponitur_fw-la and_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o indictment_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o imponitur_fw-la and_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la of_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n as_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o these_o circumstance_n indeed_o be_v the_o proper_a enquiry_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n as_o appear_v clear_o by_o the_o pen_n and_o draw_v up_o of_o these_o record_n and_o all_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o in_o every_o common_a declaration_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n only_o this_o indictment_n be_v as_o a_o declaration_n upon_o oath_n and_o must_v therefore_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o those_o that_o be_v swear_v contain_v that_o which_o for_o substance_n seem_v to_o they_o prima_n fancy_n to_o be_v a_o probable_a truth_n and_o a_o transgression_n of_o a_o law_n not_o strict_o look_v into_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n aggravation_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o those_o do_v but_o attend_v and_o usher_v in_o the_o fact_n but_o grand_a juror_n be_v principal_o to_o eye_n and_o look_v upon_o the_o single_a fact_n and_o act_n itself_o and_o find_v one_o that_o have_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n and_o that_o probable_o upon_o a_o far_a enquiry_n may_v become_v reus_fw-la a_o guilty_a person_n by_o kill_v of_o another_o person_n they_o be_v to_o put_v their_o billa_z vera_fw-la unto_o it_o although_o they_o have_v no_o proof_n at_o all_o of_o the_o aggravation_n and_o 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a_o meet_a or_o fit_a bill_n for_o the_o further_a enquiry_n of_o another_o jury_n which_o ever_o succeed_v such_o a_o endorsement_n of_o billa_z vera_fw-la by_o a_o grand_a jury_n certain_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o great_a mistake_n although_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v often_o use_v in_o law-book_n and_o by_o wise_a man_n to_o call_v the_o presentment_n of_o a_o grand_a jury_n a_o verdict_n to_o say_v that_o their_o endorse_v billa_z vera_fw-la or_o ignoramus_n which_o be_v all_o they_o do_v be_v their_o verdict_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o billa_z vera_fw-la and_o veredictum_fw-la which_o signify_v dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la and_o even_o induce_v a_o conviction_n for_o nothing_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v a_o verdict_n but_o where_o it_o be_v give_v by_o a_o jury_n after_o a_o issue_n join_v upon_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n veredictum_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v quoddam_fw-la evangelium_fw-la like_o a_o little_a gospel_n of_o truth_n for_o indeed_o every_o verdict_n 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no_o more_o beside_o it_o be_v always_o say_v in_o the_o record_n where_o such_o a_o jury_n find_v a_o verdict_n juratores_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o where_o the_o grand_a jury_n present_a
notwithstanding_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o king_n william_n post_fw-la acquisitionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la after_o he_o have_v obtain_v and_o settle_v the_o kingdom_n in_o peace_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n concilio_n nobilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o nobility_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v summon_v throughout_o england_n the_o noble_n wiseman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o elect_v twelve_o knight_n out_o of_o every_o county_n who_o be_v swear_v before_o the_o king_n to_o make_v a_o true_a collection_n of_o the_o say_a law_n and_o custom_n nihil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la among_o these_o law_n we_o do_v not_o find_v murder_n punish_v with_o death_n it_o be_v so_o near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n it_o seem_v he_o make_v no_o violent_a alteration_n of_o their_o law_n but_o keep_v their_o custom_n of_o aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la or_o corporal_a punishment_n we_o find_v among_o his_o law_n these_o word_n 126._o interdico_fw-la etiam_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la occidatur_fw-la vel_fw-la suspendatur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliqua_fw-la culpa_fw-la sed_fw-la eruantur_fw-la oculi_fw-la &_o abscindantur_fw-la testiculi_fw-la vel_fw-la pedes_fw-la vel_fw-la manus_fw-la itaquod_fw-la truncus_fw-la vivus_fw-la remaneat_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o nequitiae_fw-la suae_fw-la 5._o i_o command_v that_o none_o be_v kill_v or_o hang_v for_o any_o offence_n but_o that_o his_o eye_n be_v put_v out_o and_o his_o testicle_n or_o foot_n or_o hand_n be_v cut_v off_o so_o that_o the_o trunk_n of_o his_o body_n may_v remain_v alive_a in_o token_n of_o his_o treason_n and_o wickedness_n any_o punishment_n then_o but_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o banishment_n for_o it_o be_v say_v among_o his_o law_n prohibeo_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la vendat_fw-la hominem_fw-la extra_fw-la patriam_fw-la i_o forbid_v that_o any_o person_n be_v sell_v out_o of_o his_o country_n now_o although_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o punishment_n be_v not_o commensurate_a to_o the_o offence_n or_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n there_o be_v not_o life_n for_o life_n yet_o who_o be_v there_o almost_o among_o the_o son_n of_o man_n that_o will_v not_o rather_o choose_v to_o be_v hang_v than_o to_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o his_o testicle_n foot_n and_o hand_n cut_v off_o and_o to_o survive_v with_o such_o a_o brand_n of_o ignominy_n 17._o among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o title_n lex_fw-la murdrorum_fw-la it_o be_v there_o find_v if_o any_o be_v find_v murder_v the_o village_n in_o who_o he_o be_v so_o find_v be_v within_o eight_o day_n to_o deliver_v the_o murderer_n justiciae_fw-la regis_fw-la if_o he_o be_v not_o find_v within_o one_o month_n and_o a_o day_n the_o village_n be_v to_o pay_v forty_o mark_n if_o the_o village_n be_v not_o able_a than_o the_o hundred_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o and_o this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v up_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o county_n and_o send_v into_o the_o exchequer_n there_o to_o remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o the_o hundred_o or_o village_n can_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n bring_v the_o body_n of_o the_o murderer_n to_o justice_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o money_n again_o if_o they_o can_v not_o within_o that_o time_n take_v he_o the_o parent_n of_o he_o that_o be_v murder_v shall_v have_v six_o mark_n and_o the_o king_n the_o rest_n if_o he_o have_v no_o parent_n than_o his_o lord_n or_o master_n shall_v have_v it_o if_o no_o lord_n or_o master_n than_o surety_n selagus_n ejus_fw-la i._n e._n fide_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la ligatus_fw-la that_o be_v his_o pledge_n or_o surety_n if_o he_o have_v none_o of_o these_o than_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o forty_o mark_n which_o be_v as_o much_o then_o as_o five_o hundred_o pound_n now_o sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_n &_o pace_fw-la degunt_fw-la universi_fw-la if_o the_o murderer_n be_v find_v and_o will_v not_o defend_v his_o innocency_n judicio_fw-la dei_fw-la scilicet_fw-la aqua_fw-la vel_fw-la ferro_fw-la that_o be_v stand_v in_o hot_a scalding-water_n or_o pass_v barefoot_a over_o hot-bar_n of_o iron_n fieret_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la justitia_fw-la let_v justice_n be_v execute_v up_o on_o he_o but_o what_o this_o justice_n be_v or_o what_o punishment_n he_o shall_v suffer_v some_o doubt_n there_o be_v 344._o some_o say_v it_o be_v ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la regis_fw-la or_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la or_o corporal_a punishment_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v death_n because_o as_o before_o be_v observe_v there_o be_v find_v among_o those_o law_n ne_fw-fr quis_fw-la occidatur_fw-la vel_fw-la suspendatur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliqua_fw-la culpa_fw-la though_o other_o be_v of_o another_o judgement_n that_o it_o be_v capital_a if_o the_o king_n please_v whatever_o the_o punishment_n be_v you_o shall_v not_o read_v of_o any_o insurrection_n or_o rebellion_n before_o the_o conquest_n when_o the_o view_n of_o frankpledge_a and_o other_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v in_o their_o right_a use_n there_o be_v many_o that_o be_v full_a of_o sr._n moor_n be_v kindness_n and_o think_v it_o too_o much_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o life_n for_o crime_n under_o murder_n as_o for_o theft_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o so_o kind_a to_o a_o murderer_n for_o which_o ancient_o a_o loss_n of_o a_o hand_n eye_n leg_n or_o other_o member_n be_v in_o use_n yet_o the_o party_n take_v in_o the_o manner_n hand_n habend_n have_v the_o steal_a thing_n in_o his_o hand_n in_o his_o possession_n may_v be_v kill_v among_o the_o saxon_n he_o can_v not_o buy_v his_o crime_n out_o and_o the_o spanish_a condemn_v to_o the_o galley_n be_v think_v by_o some_o the_o 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for_o example_n
say_v he_o what_o a_o lamentable_a case_n it_o be_v to_o see_v so_o many_o christian_a man_n and_o woman_n strangle_v on_o that_o curse_a tree_n of_o the_o gallow_n plor_fw-la insomuch_o as_o if_o in_o a_o large_a field_n a_o man_n may_v see_v together_o all_o the_o christian_n that_o but_o in_o one_o year_n throughout_o england_n come_v to_o that_o untimely_a and_o ignominious_a death_n if_o there_o be_v any_o spark_n of_o grace_n or_o charity_n in_o he_o it_o will_v make_v his_o heart_n to_o bleed_v for_o pity_n and_o compassion_n i_o myself_o have_v know_v at_o one_o assize_n in_o the_o county_n of_o monmouth_n where_o one_o have_v have_v judgement_n to_o die_v for_o steal_v a_o horse_n and_o reprieve_v in_o order_n to_o procure_v his_o pardon_n another_o narrow_o acquit_v of_o a_o felony_n and_o make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o gaoler_n to_o be_v the_o common-hangman_n at_o the_o same_o assize_n that_o both_o these_o person_n the_o one_o break_v the_o goal_n the_o other_o have_v his_o liberty_n as_o be_v acquit_v be_v both_o take_v in_o one_o felony_n and_o burglary_n before_o the_o next_o assize_n commit_v to_o the_o goal_n and_o receive_v judgement_n of_o death_n and_o be_v both_o hang_v together_o so_o little_o do_v favour_n terror_n or_o example_n work_v a_o reformation_n upon_o those_o that_o be_v harden_v in_o their_o sin_n and_o want_v grace_n to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v think_v horrible_a and_o grievous_a that_o a_o man_n life_n the_o life_n of_o a_o christian_a or_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o his_o body_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o for_o so_o small_a a_o value_n as_o thirteen_o penny_n i_o take_v twelve_o penny_n to_o be_v but_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n for_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v whip_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 15._o 15._o declare_v what_o prisoner_n be_v mainprizable_a or_o barable_a say_v among_o other_o offence_n viz._n or_o for_o larceny_n which_o amount_v not_o above_o the_o value_n of_o twelve_o penny_n nay_o for_o less_o king_n aethelstanes_n law_n begin_v with_o thief_n and_o speak_v thus_o first_o that_o a_o man_n spare_v no_o thief_n who_o be_v in_o the_o manner_n have_v in_o his_o hand_n take_v above_o eight_o penny_n it_o seem_v eight_o penny_n then_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n a_o ram_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v worth_a but_o four_o penny_n that_o which_o be_v heretofore_o sell_v for_o twelve_o penny_n will_v now_o be_v worth_a forty_o shilling_n in_o the_o assize_n of_o bread_n long_o after_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o 51th_o of_o h._n 3._o eight_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n be_v value_v but_o at_o twelve_o penny_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n be_v but_o ten_o penny_n a_o haymaker_n have_v but_o a_o penny_n a_o day_n reaper_n of_o corn_n two_o penny_n a_o acre_n to_o be_v mow_v for_o five_o penny_n thresh_v a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n but_o two_o penny_n a_o master-carpenter_n three_o penny_n a_o day_n and_o his_o man_n two_o penny_n a_o free_a mason_n four_o penny_n other_o three_o penny_n their_o boy_n one_o penny_n plasterer_n and_o their_o knave_n so_o name_v in_o the_o act_n the_o same_o manner_n and_o to_o find_v themselves_o meat_n and_o drink_n 3._o see_v the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o c._n 1_o and_o 3._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n make_v the_o 6_o of_o h._n 8._o of_o much_o late_a time_n the_o wage_n of_o a_o bailiff_n of_o husbandry_n be_v but_o sixteen_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n and_o for_o clothing_n he_o five_o shilling_n with_o meat_n and_o drink_n a_o chief_a hind_n or_o shepherd_n twenty_o shilling_n and_o for_o his_o clothing_n five_o shilling_n every_o common_a servant_n sixteen_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n for_o clothing_n four_o shilling_n no_o woman_n servant_n above_o ten_o shilling_n her_o clothing_n four_o shilling_n and_o no_o master_n may_v have_v give_v more_o and_o although_o twelve_o penny_n keep_v not_o the_o old_a rate_n 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penance_n of_o forty_o day_n 8._o by_o the_o common_a law_n kill_v by_o misadventure_n unaware_o or_o in_o a_o man_n own_o defence_n be_v murder_n found_v upon_o the_o judicial_a law_n before_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o punishment_n of_o both_o be_v as_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n as_o appear_v plain_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n and_o gloucester_n the_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n remain_v as_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o 3._o be_v as_o follow_v murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n only_o which_o show_v before_o that_o statute_n though_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o misfortune_n he_o have_v the_o same_o judgement_n in_o law_n as_o for_o murder_n so_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n until_o the_o 6_o of_o edw._n 1._o 1._o writ_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n where_o there_o be_v a_o surmise_n that_o the_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o misfortune_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n where_o the_o kill_n be_v not_o felony_n and_o thereupon_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n or_o grace_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o party_n who_o only_o forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o by_o benefit_n of_o that_o pardon_n have_v only_o his_o liberty_n out_o of_o prison_n which_o without_o he_o can_v not_o have_v this_o way_n of_o mercy_n it_o seem_v do_v stretch_v too_o far_o and_o cover_v too_o many_o guilty_a person_n as_o i_o fear_v yet_o it_o do_v under_o her_o wing_n when_o as_o their_o several_a case_n be_v not_o judicial_o examine_v indict_v and_o try_v before_o hand_n by_o a_o grand_a jury_n and_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n before_o a_o learned_a judge_n as_o in_o ordinary_a trial_n of_o criminal_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n escape_v under_o the_o favourable_a surmise_n of_o a_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v do_v by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o so_o come_v off_o from_o a_o foul_a murder_n by_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n now_o for_o remedy_n in_o this_o case_n come_v the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v as_o follow_v 9_o the_o king_n command_v that_o no_o writ_n shall_v be_v grant_v out_o of_o chancery_n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o man_n do_v kill_v another_o by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n or_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n without_o felony_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n or_o justice_n assign_v to_o the_o gaol-delivery_n and_o shall_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n before_o they_o for_o good_a and_o evil_n that_o be_v for_o life_n or_o death_n if_o in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o country_n that_o he_o do_v it_o in_o his_o defence_n or_o by_o misfortune_n then_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n shall_v take_v he_o to_o his_o grace_n if_o it_o please_v he_o the_o report_n to_o the_o king_n be_v to_o certify_v the_o record_n into_o the_o chancery_n where_o the_o king_n be_v always_o present_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n 15._o stamford_n foe_n 15._o whereas_o the_o king_n own_o hand_n and_o fiat_fw-la be_v to_o other_o pardon_n so_o that_o here_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o he_o that_o will_v be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v out_o of_o prison_n for_o manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la ex_fw-la gratia_n regis_fw-la must_v first_o put_v himself_o super_fw-la patriam_fw-la
sense_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o opinion_n grand_a jury_n to_o be_v judge_n of_o but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n and_o many_o more_o must_v be_v rule_v and_o overrule_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o point_n of_o law_n although_o no_o malice_n in_o these_o case_n can_v be_v prove_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n or_o petit_fw-fr jury_n comment_n yet_o the_o indictment_n must_v be_v express_o draw_v and_o so_o find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n with_o these_o word_n to_o make_v it_o murder_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la sua_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o out_o of_o his_o malice_n forethought_a not_o that_o these_o word_n make_v a_o new_a offence_n of_o felony_n and_o murder_n that_o be_v not_o felony_n and_o murder_n before_o and_o so_o esteem_v in_o all_o case_n where_o it_o be_v do_v voluntary_o and_o by_o assault_n and_o this_o appear_v plain_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n former_o mention_v 35_o h._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v by_o misfortune_n only_o but_o it_o shall_v take_v place_n in_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v by_o felony_n and_o not_o otherwise_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o kill_v one_o unaware_o by_o misfortune_n be_v murder_n before_o this_o statute_n and_o that_o after_o this_o statute_n all_o other_o kill_v where_o it_o be_v felony_n shall_v be_v murder_n as_o before_o this_o statute_n felony_n be_v a_o general_a term_n fol._n which_o comprehend_v divers_a heinous_a offence_n for_o which_o the_o offender_n ought_v to_o suffer_v death_n and_o lose_v their_o good_n and_o land_n they_o be_v call_v felony_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n fel_n which_o be_v in_o english_a gall_n in_o french_a feil_n or_o of_o the_o ancient_a english_a word_n fall_v or_o fierce_a or_o because_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v with_o a_o cruel_a bitter_a fell_a fierce_a or_o mischievous_a mind_n so_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la coronatoris_fw-la make_v 4_o ed._n 1._o 1._o where_o the_o coroner_n be_v well_o direct_v his_o duty_n where_o any_o person_n be_v slay_v or_o sudden_o dead_a how_o he_o shall_v behave_v himself_o which_o be_v worth_a his_o read_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o say_a act_n in_o these_o word_n and_o if_o any_o be_v find_v culpable_a of_o the_o murder_n the_o coroner_n shall_v immediate_o go_v to_o his_o house_n and_o inventory_n his_o good_n chattel_n land_n etc._n etc._n as_o in_o that_o act_n be_v further_o direct_v i_o only_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v that_o all_o that_o be_v find_v so_o slay_v the_o coroner_n be_v to_o inquire_v of_o it_o as_o murder_n or_o otherwise_o there_o can_v be_v no_o inventory_v of_o good_n value_v or_o seize_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n or_o commit_v the_o offender_n to_o the_o goal_n by_o the_o coroner_n as_o plain_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o act._n so_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o second_o of_o ed._n 24._o 6._o where_o one_o be_v strike_v in_o one_o county_n and_o die_v in_o another_o it_o be_v doubtful_a before_o where_o the_o trial_n shall_v be_v give_v power_n to_o the_o party_n concern_v to_o bring_v a_o appeal_n who_o have_v not_o power_n to_o appeal_v in_o that_o case_n before_o of_o murder_n only_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o party_n die_v and_o in_o that_o case_n can_v bring_v no_o appeal_n of_o manslaughter_n as_o in_o the_o straighten_v sense_n some_o will_v take_v the_o word_n manslaughter_n by_o this_o statute_n be_v declare_v that_o where_o any_o murder_n or_o felony_n which_o word_n felony_n here_o can_v comprehend_v manslaughter_n shall_v be_v commit_v in_o one_o county_n and_o there_o be_v accessary_n to_o the_o same_o in_o another_o county_n upon_o a_o indictment_n find_v in_o the_o county_n where_o such_o accessary_n be_v guilty_a the_o certificate_n of_o the_o conviction_n or_o attainder_n of_o the_o principal_n shall_v be_v good_a to_o proceed_v against_o such_o 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be_v admit_v for_o such_o a_o offence_n and_o that_o every_o person_n so_o convict_v for_o murder_n to_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o m_o upon_o the_o brawn_n of_o the_o left_a thumb_n and_o for_o another_o felony_n with_o a_o t._n here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o word_n murder_v comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o manslaughter_n all_o manner_n of_o felonious_a kill_n every_o murder_n be_v manslaughter_n and_o every_o manslaughter_n then_o as_o murder_n they_o being_n termini_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la equal_o signify_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o man-killing_a you_o may_v perceive_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o felony_n can_v comprehend_v manslaughter_n or_o murder_n for_o here_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v burn_v with_o a_o m_o for_o murder_n the_o felon_n with_o a_o t_o for_o theft_n both_o which_o mark_n upon_o the_o respective_a conviction_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v in_o those_o case_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n observe_v to_o this_o day_n although_o we_o now_o apply_v the_o letter_n m_o to_o such_o as_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n from_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v convict_v of_o manslaughter_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n shall_v find_v this_o special_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n express_v or_o imply_v in_o he_o that_o kill_v the_o other_o but_o in_o a_o sudden_a heat_n of_o blood_n occasion_v by_o a_o actual_a not_o verbal_a provocation_n in_o he_o that_o be_v kill_v this_o contradistinction_n betwixt_o the_o two_o word_n murder_n and_o manslaughter_n as_o i_o conceive_v come_v into_o our_o law_n only_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o that_o take_v away_o clergy_n that_o be_v will_v not_o accept_v of_o they_o to_o be_v clerk_n that_o kill_v another_o malicious_o i_o find_v not_o this_o distinction_n before_o either_o in_o the_o levitical_a law_n the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o law_n of_o england_n no_o sanctuary_n or_o 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who_o have_v the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n before_o they_o with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n thereof_o as_o it_o arise_v from_o both_o side_n which_o the_o grand_a juror_n neither_o have_v nor_o aught_o to_o have_v then_o come_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 1._o 8._o former_o mention_v be_v the_o first_o statute_n that_o take_v away_o clergy_n for_o the_o first_o offence_n of_o murder_n call_v in_o this_o statute_n wilful_a murder_n 62._o of_o malice_n prepense_a this_o statute_n be_v make_v to_o rectify_v the_o great_a abuse_n in_o ordinary_n in_o suffer_v notorious_a thief_n and_o murderer_n to_o make_v purgation_n and_o provide_v that_o no_o person_n which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a after_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n of_o any_o petit_fw-fr treason_n or_o for_o any_o wilful_a murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a
practice_n be_v or_o have_v be_v use_v to_o the_o contrary_n i_o conceive_v it_o fit_a to_o be_v better_o consider_v for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o all_o case_n much_o less_o in_o this_o without_o or_o against_o a_o rule_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o justify_v practice_n by_o practice_n this_o happy_o in_o the_o end_n may_v prove_v a_o common_a thief_n to_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n beside_o observe_v the_o pen_n of_o other_o statute_n and_o that_o will_v give_v a_o clear_a light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o these_o by_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 27_o of_o h._n 25._o 8._o c._n 25._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o shall_v have_v power_n or_o authority_n to_o pardon_n or_o remit_v any_o treason_n murder_n manslaughter_n or_o felony_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v etc._n etc._n here_o you_o see_v the_o maker_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v the_o word_n and_o offence_n of_o manslaughter_n in_o terminis_fw-la and_o not_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v or_o to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n other_o felony_n though_o it_o be_v most_o comprehensive_o say_v or_o felony_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v so_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o ph._n 13._o &_o mar._n c._n 13._o that_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n one_o being_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la when_o any_o prisoner_n be_v bring_v before_o they_o for_o any_o manslaughter_n or_o felony_n before_o any_o bailment_n or_o mainprize_n shall_v take_v the_o examination_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o information_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o certify_v it_o at_o the_o next_o goal-delivery_n etc._n etc._n here_o you_o see_v manslaughter_n and_o felony_n both_o express_v as_o necessary_a several_a time_n in_o the_o act._n so_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 12._o 8._o c._n 12._o that_o direct_v the_o manner_n of_o punish_v of_o offence_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n or_o house_n say_z all_o treason_n misprision_n of_o treason_n murder_n manslaughter_n and_o other_o malicious_a striking_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o divers_a other_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o might_n be_v show_v that_o make_v or_o intend_v any_o provision_n against_o manslaughter_n do_v particular_o name_v the_o word_n manslaughter_n and_o never_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v intend_v or_o include_v in_o the_o word_n felony_n 98._o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o a_o commission_n grant_v to_o certain_a person_n to_o inquire_v of_o all_o felony_n they_o may_v thereby_o take_v indictment_n of_o murder_n though_o a_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n will_v not_o avail_v he_o who_o have_v commit_v murder_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n make_v 13_o r._n 2._o 1._o and_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n make_v to_o the_o judge_n every_o assize_n that_o enable_v they_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o offence_n have_v these_o express_a word_n in_o it_o and_o of_o whatsoever_o murder_v felony_n manslaughter_n kill_n not_o leave_v manslaughter_n to_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o felony_n or_o kill_n many_o more_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v show_v but_o these_o with_o what_o have_v be_v before_o show_v may_v be_v sufficient_a until_o better_a reason_n appear_v to_o satisfy_v any_o understanding_n grand_a juror_n to_o esteem_v it_o much_o the_o better_a way_n to_o find_v such_o bill_n murder_v rather_o than_o manslaughter_n there_o be_v every_o way_n less_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n until_o by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o parliament_n they_o be_v alter_v and_o much_o more_o of_o satisfaction_n and_o safety_n to_o their_o own_o private_a conscience_n that_o stand_v so_o deep_o engage_v to_o discover_v blood-guilty_a person_n and_o to_o suppress_v and_o silence_v the_o cry_n of_o innocent_a blood_n that_o by_o our_o law_n in_o the_o first_o place_n cry_v to_o grand_a juror_n for_o vengeance_n against_o the_o murderer_n and_o manslayer_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o two_o objection_n be_v answer_v that_o happy_o to_o such_o as_o do_v not_o well_o weigh_v and_o consider_v they_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o some_o force_n against_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o one_o be_v the_o general_a liberty_n and_o constant_a practice_n grand_a juror_n have_v take_v ever_o since_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 1._o 8._o c._n 1._o to_o find_v as_o they_o please_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n not_o as_o the_o indictment_n come_v to_o their_o hand_n from_o the_o king_n council_n but_o as_o they_o apprehend_v the_o evidence_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o they_o take_v upon_o themselves_o not_o only_o the_o sole_a judgement_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o what_o the_o law_n be_v that_o arise_v upon_o the_o say_a fact_n take_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n therein_o from_o the_o court_n although_o they_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n and_o put_v in_o and_o put_v out_o what_o they_o please_v in_o such_o indictment_n notwithstanding_o it_o appear_v to_o they_o the_o party_n indict_v be_v guilty_a of_o shed_v innocent_a blood_n vary_v the_o species_n of_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n as_o they_o please_v until_o after_o arraignment_n of_o the_o prisoner_n it_o be_v too_o late_o to_o amend_v it_o as_o i_o have_v often_o know_v the_o other_o objection_n be_v and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o some_o weight_n and_o authority_n in_o law_n against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o mr._n justice_n stamford_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n viz._n that_o a_o grand_a jury_n may_v find_v the_o special_a matter_n in_o the_o indictment_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o prisoner_n kill_v the_o other_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o the_o party_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n may_v either_o confess_v or_o estrange_v himself_o from_o the_o fact_n and_o plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o the_o first_o objection_n as_o to_o the_o liberty_n and_o practice_n of_o grand_a juror_n to_o the_o contrary_a so_o long_o use_v i_o answer_v it_o have_v be_v before_o in_o this_o treatise_n sufficient_o make_v out_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o mischief_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n that_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o such_o practice_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v as_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o suppose_v no_o wise_a man_n will_v think_v that_o the_o long_a practice_n of_o such_o a_o error_n will_v justify_v it_o or_o encourage_v the_o long_a continuance_n of_o it_o in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o law_n and_o justice_n and_o in_o so_o high_a and_o tender_a a_o offence_n as_o the_o disquisition_n of_o blood_n be_v although_o in_o inferior_a county_n court_v where_o many_o time_n be_v ignorant_a judge_n and_o mean_a clerk_n and_o in_o ordinary_a offence_n this_o maxim_n may_v hold_v good_a that_o communis_fw-la error_n facit_fw-la jus_fw-la that_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o a_o error_n make_v it_o the_o law_n of_o the_o court_n and_o not_o convenient_a to_o be_v alter_v yet_o i_o have_v never_o observe_v that_o maxim_n to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n in_o this_o kingdom_n before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n justice_n of_o goal-delivery_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n who_o sit_v not_o to_o practise_v but_o to_o correct_v and_o destroy_v error_n of_o all_o kind_n especial_o in_o trial_n of_o man_n life_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n and_o whoever_o shall_v urge_v that_o maxim_n against_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v do_v by_o that_o sufficient_o grant_v what_o i_o have_v here_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v viz._n the_o error_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o such_o practice_n which_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v continue_v than_o a_o long_a custom_n when_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o i_o shall_v never_o allow_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o there_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n such_o liberty_n and_o practice_n allow_v and_o indulge_v by_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a judge_n to_o grand_a juror_n to_o find_v and_o alter_v indictment_n bring_v unto_o they_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n as_o they_o themselves_o please_v and_o judge_v convenient_a they_o be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o not_o the_o judge_n nor_o the_o trier_n but_o presenter_n of_o a_o fact_n of_o blood_n fit_a for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o only_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o none_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v proper_a judge_n of_o any_o fact_n in_o controversy_n that_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n for_o grand_a juror_n hear_v no_o more_o and_o therefore_o ought_v in_o law_n reason_n and_o conscience_n where_o they_o find_v a_o guilty_a person_n that_o have_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n
write_v of_o odio_fw-la &_o atia_n be_v replevied_a unto_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n it_o be_v provide_v such_o inquest_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o lawful_a man_n choose_v out_o by_o oath_n of_o who_o two_o at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n which_o by_o no_o affinity_n with_o the_o prisoner_n or_o otherwise_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v 5._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o coke_n l._n 9_o f._n 56._o 9_o h._n 3._o c._n 26._o 6_o ed._n 1._o c._n 9_o regist_n fol._n 133._o juramentum_fw-la quod_fw-la ment_fw-la juratur_fw-la juratur_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n jury_n coke_n instit_n 3._o fol._n 232._o glouc._n assizes_n xiij_o car._n 2._o regis_fw-la harrison_n be_v case_n nimia_fw-la praecipitatio_fw-la &_o merosa_fw-la cunctatio_fw-la two_o dangerous_a extreme_n vi_fw-la coke_n 3_o inst_n foe_fw-mi 32._o tit_n petit_fw-fr treason_n he_o be_v libre_fw-la &_o legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la that_o be_v a_o man_n of_o fame_n and_o credit_n that_o do_v enjoy_v liberam_fw-la legem_fw-la coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 22._o 11_o h._n 4._o coke_n 3_o inst_n fol._n 32._o 32._o it_o be_v hard_a to_o get_v a_o unbiased_a jury_n some_o serve_v that_o have_v more_o need_n to_o be_v relieve_v by_o the_o 8_o d._n than_o discretion_n to_o sift_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fact_n coke_n 1._o inst_n 272._o 272._o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o jury_n as_o well_o in_o common_a plea_n as_o in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v twelve_o knight_n glanvile_n lib._n 2._o c._n 14._o &_o bract._n fol._n 116._o 116._o lamb._n in_o verbo_fw-la centur._n d._n spelman_n in_o jurat_fw-la vide_fw-la consult_v de_fw-fr martic_a walliae_fw-la v._n 3._o 3._o gen._n 9_o 4._o 4._o sunt_fw-la vox_fw-la clamorum_fw-la vox_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la &_o sodomorum_fw-la vox_fw-la oppressorum_fw-la vierce_v detenta_fw-la laborum_fw-la laborum_fw-la solus_fw-la deus_fw-la qui_fw-la vitam_fw-la that_fw-mi aquavitae_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la nec_fw-la potest_fw-la quisquam_fw-la eam_fw-la just_a auferre_fw-la nisi_fw-la deus_fw-la vel_fw-la gerens_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la dei_fw-la ut_fw-la judex_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o lord_n to_o kill_v his_o villain_n villain_n occultum_fw-la flagellum_fw-la the_o wound_n of_o conscience_n conscience_n k._n charles_n the_o first_o first_o psal_n 59_o 11._o 11._o theod._n quaest_n 44._o in_o gen._n 35._o numb_a 23._o 19_o deut._n 5._o 19_o deut._n 11._o 11._o i_o e._n with_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n people_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la dederit_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la licitae_fw-la a_o illicitae_fw-la stamf._n lib._n 1._o fol._n 12._o 21._o exod._n 12._o 31._o numb_a 16_o 17_o 18._o all_o these_o sudden_a action_n action_n he_o that_o smite_v another_o that_o he_o die_v sive_fw-la intendat_fw-la occidere_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la shall_v die_v gen._n 9_o 9_o by_o murder_n a_o reasonable_a creature_n be_v lose_v which_o all_o the_o world_n can_v restore_v tree_n though_o they_o be_v cut_v down_o grow_v again_o but_o a_o man_n once_o slay_v can_v never_o be_v recover_v pericl_n apud_fw-la plut._n in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vita_fw-la and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n unless_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n be_v the_o great_a the_o soul_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o body_n body_n bezer_n of_o the_o reubenites_n ramoth_n of_o gilead_n of_o the_o gadite_n golan_n in_o bashan_n of_o the_o manassites_n these_o three_o on_o this_o side_n jordan_n deut._n 4._o 41_o 43._o these_o three_o appoint_v by_o moses_n moses_n cadesh_n in_o galilee_n in_o mount_n naphtali_n shechem_n in_o ephraim_n and_o kiriatharba_n which_o be_v in_o hebron_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o judah_n these_o three_o last_o be_v beyond_o jordan_n and_o appoint_v by_o joshua_n josh_n 20._o 7._o equal_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o in_o canaan_n r._n salom._n jarchi_n deut._n 19_o 3._o 3._o paul_n fag_n numb_a 36._o 6._o 20._o joshua_n 6._o 6._o masius_n in_o josh_n cap._n 20._o 20._o asylum_n sanctuarium_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n 8._o these_o be_v place_n of_o sanctuary_n all_o parish_n church_n cathedral_n and_o collegiate_n chapel_n dedicate_v and_o their_o churchyard_n and_o sanctuary_n to_o they_o belong_v and_o well_n westminster_n manchester_n northhampton_n norwich_n derby_n and_o lancaster_n afterward_o in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n manchester_n be_v determine_v and_o westchester_n appoint_v westchester_n discharge_v and_o stafford_n appoint_v by_o letter_n pat._n from_o the_o king_n stamf._n fol._n 116._o 116._o these_o place_n of_o sanctuary_n extend_v not_o to_o treason_n wilful_a murder_n rape_n burglary_n robbery_n sacrilege_n burn_v of_o house_n and_o barn_n with_o corn_n etc._n etc._n 32_o h._n 8._o 12._o 33_o h._n 8._o 15._o it_o seem_v they_o do_v extend_v to_o all_o these_o offence_n before_o these_o statute_n all_o statute_n make_v concern_v abjure_v person_n and_o sanctuary_n make_v before_o 35_o eliz._n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o 1._o of_o king_n james_n c._n 25._o clergy_n be_v since_o take_v away_o by_o several_a statute_n for_o those_o offence_n aforesaid_a for_o which_o sanctuary_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n be_v take_v away_o away_o 19_o deut._n 13._o 13._o polluitur_fw-la &_o foedatur_fw-la terra_fw-la numb_a 35._o 30._o 33._o you_o shall_v take_v no_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o murderer_n which_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_o put_v to_o death_n for_o you_o shall_v not_o pollute_v the_o land_n wherein_o you_o be_v for_o blood_n defile_v the_o land_n and_o the_o land_n can_v be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v shed_v therein_o but_o by_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o shed_v it_o it_o matt._n 26._o 52._o 52._o matt._n 5._o 22._o qui_fw-la irascitur_fw-la sine_fw-la causa_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la homicidium_fw-la fecit_fw-la chrysost_n hom_n in_o matt._n ira_fw-la est_fw-la appevitus_fw-la ultionis_fw-la ultionis_fw-la kent_n southsaxons_a westsaxon_n east-saxons_a east-angle_n northumberland_n mercia_n mercia_n l._n 7._o c._n 16._o &_o li_z 5._o c._n 4._o p._n 375._o 375._o l._n canut_n fol._n 117._o c._n 56._o 56._o lambert_n l._n edw._n confess_v c._n 16._o the_o inventione_n murdri_fw-la ranulph_n cestr_n l._n 1._o c._n 550._o hou._n 600._o l._n ed._n c._n 35._o in_o hoved._n malmsb._n de_fw-fr gest_n reg_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 11._o k._n charles_n the_o second_o an._n dom._n 1087._o 1087._o nobilium_fw-la nobilium_fw-la lamb._n inter_fw-la leges_fw-la gulielmi_n regis_fw-la fol._n 126._o 126._o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n he_o that_o mahime_v any_o man_n whereby_o he_o lose_v any_o part_n of_o his_o body_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v lose_v the_o like_a part_n as_o he_o that_o take_v away_o another_o man_n life_n shall_v lose_v his_o own_o bract._n lib._n 3._o numb_a 4._o so_o if_o the_o defendant_n in_o a_o appeal_n of_o mahime_n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a judgement_n against_o the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v be_v that_o he_o shall_v lose_v the_o like_a member_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n lose_v by_o this_o mean_n a_o hand_n for_o a_o hand_n etc._n etc._n 40_o ass_n 9_o mirror_n c._n 4._o &_o 5._o 5._o lamb._n in_o leges_fw-la edvardi_fw-la r._n c._n 15._o lex_fw-la murdrorum_fw-la v_o stamf._n lib._n 1._o fol._n 17._o 17._o his_o pledge_n or_o surety_n surety_n that_o be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o pay_v for_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o such_o government_n be_v in_o those_o day_n as_o slaughter_n of_o man_n be_v most_o rare_o commit_v as_o mr._n lambert_n collect_v lamb._n expositio_fw-la verb._n estimatio_fw-la flet._n lib._n 1._o c._n 42._o hoved._n fol._n 344._o 344._o hoveden_n see_v 471._o in_o h._n 1._o council_n birghamstead_n council_n 197._o l._n k._n canut_n c._n 61._o l._n k._n ina_n 5._o 37._o aethelst_n 9_o h._n 1._o matth._n paris_n continuat_fw-la 1005._o 1005._o caesar_n comment_n l._n 6._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la natum_fw-la 1600_o annis_fw-la coke_n 3_o instit_n epilog_n sta._n perlege_fw-la plor_fw-la 3_o ed._n 1._o 15._o 25_o ed._n 3._o c._n 1_o 3._o council_n saxon._n 383._o 383._o misadventure_n at_o the_o common_a law_n adjudge_v murder_n stamf._n fol._n 16._o c._n 8._o 52_o h._n 3._o 6_o ed._n 1._o 6_o ed._n 1._o c._n 9_o stamf._n fol._n 15._o br._n appeal_v 122._o coron_n 302._o 43._o lib._n ass_n p._n 31._o stamf._n lib._n 3._o c._n 9_o fol._n 165._o certiorary_a out_o of_o chancery_n chancery_n as_o in_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v but_o a_o bill_n whilst_o in_o their_o hand_n the_o royal_a assent_n make_v it_o a_o act._n so_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bill_n in_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v hand_n the_o other_o jury_n make_v it_o a_o act._n 4_o h._n 4._o 2._o 37_o h._n 8._o 8._o 8._o poulton_n de_fw-fr pace_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la fol._n 167._o 4_o h._n 4._o 2._o 37_o h._n 8._o c._n 8._o 8._o poulton_n de_fw-fr pace_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 167._o poult_v ut_fw-la supra_fw-la 1._o m._n