let_v we_o therefore_o examine_v the_o course_n allege_v here_o in_o both_o those_o point_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v to_o fail_v in_o either_o of_o they_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reject_v as_o to_o the_o first_o i_o can_v find_v or_o read_v any_o precedent_n of_o it_o until_o of_o late_a and_o the_o usage_n of_o it_o for_o a_o few_o year_n can_v make_v it_o to_o be_v cursus_fw-la curiae_fw-la which_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n use_v time_n beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n as_o to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o they_o know_v no_o law_n to_o warrant_v this_o course_n let_v we_o see_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v against_o law_n or_o stand_v with_o the_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v against_o law_n for_o divers_a reason_n first_o by_o the_o common-law_n if_o a_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o a_o man_n after_o a_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o clear_a proof_n which_o the_o law_n look_v upon_o or_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n after_o solemn_a argument_n he_o shall_v in_o the_o one_o case_n have_v a_o attainte_fw-fr against_o the_o jury_n and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o reverse_v the_o judgement_n but_o in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o sentence_n all_o the_o mean_n to_o reverse_v the_o sentence_n be_v take_v away_o and_o therefore_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n whereas_o by_o the_o common-law_n fine_n ought_v to_o be_v moderate_a secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la in_fw-la reformationem_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la in_fw-la destructionem_fw-la of_o late_a time_n the_o fine_n have_v be_v so_o high_a in_o destruction_n of_o the_o party_n in_o the_o castle-chamber_n as_o his_o whole_a family_n and_o himself_o if_o he_o do_v pay_v the_o fine_a shall_v be_v drive_v to_o beg_v and_o without_o performance_n of_o the_o sentence_n he_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o reverse_v the_o sentence_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o which_o howbeit_o in_o his_o conscience_n he_o be_v not_o guilty_a yet_o to_o gain_v his_o liberty_n and_o save_v part_n of_o his_o estate_n he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o justness_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o that_o the_o confession_n be_v extort_a from_o he_o and_o consequent_o be_v against_o law_n three_o reason_n if_o the_o fine_a be_v secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v without_o danger_n of_o destruction_n the_o reducement_n of_o the_o fine_a have_v not_o be_v so_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o no_o just_a ground_n for_o this_o confession_n last_o the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n after_o sentence_n do_v rather_o blemish_v the_o sentence_n then_o any_o way_n clear_v it_o for_o the_o confession_n come_v after_o the_o sentence_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v just_a in_o itself_o can_v add_v nothing_o to_o it_o but_o draw_v suspicion_n upon_o it_o and_o in_o that_o respect_n a_o confession_n be_v strain_v the_o rack_n use_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o criminal_a cause_n to_o clear_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n be_v intolerable_a in_o our_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o this_o course_n be_v a_o innovation_n against_o law_n and_o without_o any_o reasonable_a ground_n the_o say_a judge_n ought_v in_o their_o say_a answer_n to_o declare_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n a_o course_n may_v be_v take_v for_o abolish_n the_o same_o this_o answer_n i_o will_v not_o now_o draw_v into_o question_n quest_n i_o can_v wish_v the_o rest_n be_v answer_v no_o worse_o answ_n what_o power_n have_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n to_o raise_v the_o respite_n of_o homage_n arbitrary_o quest_n etc._n etc._n answ_n unto_o this_o they_o answer_v that_o until_o the_o king_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v do_v his_o homage_n the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o exchequer_n have_v be_v and_o still_o be_v to_o issue_v process_n to_o distrayne_v the_o tenant_n ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la homagium_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la finem_fw-la pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la suo_fw-la respectuando_fw-la upon_o which_o process_n the_o sheriff_n return_v issue_n and_o if_o the_o tenant_n do_v not_o appear_v and_o compound_v with_o the_o king_n to_o give_v a_o fine_a for_o respite_n of_o homage_n than_o the_o issue_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n but_o if_o the_o king_n tenant_n will_v appear_v the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n do_v agree_v with_o he_o to_o respite_v his_o homage_n for_o a_o small_a fine_a they_o say_v further_o 5._o that_o it_o rest_v in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o court_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n to_o lay_v down_o a_o fine_a for_o respite_n of_o homage_n good_a according_a to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o say_a land_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a and_o inconvenient_a that_o it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o to_o assess_v a_o fine_a for_o respite_n of_o homage_n such_o as_o to_o he_o shall_v be_v think_v meet_a in_o discretion_n for_o if_o so_o he_o may_v raise_v the_o fine_a to_o such_o a_o sum_n as_o may_v exceed_v the_o very_a value_n of_o the_o land_n neither_o have_v the_o same_o be_v the_o ancient_a course_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o several_a ancient_a record_n and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n make_v termino_fw-la pascae_fw-la 1607._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o respiting_v of_o homage_n for_o every_o township_n xx_o d._n irish_a and_o for_o every_o manor_n xxxx_n d._n irish_a and_o that_o such_o as_o hold_v several_a house_n acre_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n which_o be_v not_o manor_n nor_o township_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n meadow_n and_o pasture_n or_o of_o any_o of_o they_o xx_o d._n irish_a and_o no_o more_o and_o according_a to_o that_o rate_n and_o proportion_n if_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n of_o acre_n and_o for_o every_o house_n without_o ground_n iiij_o d._n irish_a 8._o and_o of_o cottage_n or_o farm_n house_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o land_n no_o fine_a to_o be_v pay_v for_o they_o sole_o alone_a and_o i_o conceive_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v several_a parcel_n of_o land_n of_o the_o king_n by_o several_a homage_v that_o in_o such_o case_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v but_o for_o one_o respite_n of_o homage_n only_o and_o no_o more_o for_o that_o a_o man_n be_v to_o do_v homage_n but_o once_o and_o consequent_o to_o pay_v for_o one_o respite_n of_o homage_n only_o the_o late_a course_n in_o the_o exchequer_n here_o have_v be_v contrary_a whereas_o in_o their_o answer_n they_o go_v in_o the_o exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o primo_fw-la iacobi_fw-la cap._n 26._o in_o england_n under_o their_o favour_n they_o go_v clear_a contrary_n for_o that_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o confirmation_n and_o pursuance_n of_o former_a order_n in_o the_o exchequer_n whereas_o the_o baron_n here_o go_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n and_o order_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o this_o kingdom_n more_o of_o this_o in_o my_o reason_n or_o ground_n for_o this_o question_n so_o i_o conclude_v their_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v short_a my_o lord_n quest_n the_o question_n contain_v two_o point_n first_o answ_n whether_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v censurable_a for_o to_o repair_v into_o england_n to_o appeal_v to_o his_o majesty_n for_o redress_v of_o injury_n or_o for_o his_o lawful_a occasion_n second_o why_o what_o condition_n of_o person_n and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o judge_n their_o answer_n be_v positive_a and_o full_a viz._n they_o know_v no_o law_n or_o statute_n for_o such_o censure_n nor_o i_o neither_o and_o can_v wish_v they_o have_v stay_v there_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o their_o answer_n they_o come_v with_o a_o if_o viz._n unless_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o his_o majesty_n writ_n proclamation_n or_o command_v and_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 2._o in_o england_n and_o 25._o henr._n 6._o cap._n 2._o in_o ireland_n i_o will_v only_o speak_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o answer_n my_o lord_n the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o discussion_n of_o this_o point_n take_v two_o thing_n into_o consideration_n first_o what_o the_o common-law_n be_v in_o such_o case_n second_o what_o alteration_n be_v make_v of_o the_o common-law_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 2._o in_o england_n and_o 25._o henr._n 6._o cap._n 2._o in_o ireland_n as_o to_o the_o subject_n of_o ireland_n as_o for_o the_o first_o the_o register_n have_v a_o writ_n frame_v in_o the_o point_n viz._n the_o writ_n de_fw-la securitate_fw-la in_fw-la venienda_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la divertat_fw-la ad_fw-la partes_fw-la extras_fw-la
custom_n be_v here_o over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o man_n ask_v the_o question_n by_o what_o law_n we_o be_v govern_v there_o be_v no_o proper_a answer_n a._n other_o than_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o england_n general_a statute_n be_v receive_v in_o this_o kingdom_n some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o and_o all_o general_a statute_n by_o poynings_n act_n anno_fw-la 10._o henr._n 7._o but_o no_o other_o statute_n or_o new_o introduct_v law_n until_o the_o same_o be_v first_o receive_v and_o enact_v in_o parliament_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o may_v appear_v by_o two_o declarative_a statute_n the_o one_o 10._o henr._n 4._o the_o other_o 29._o of_o henr._n 6._o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v the_o best_a human_a law_n so_o it_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o sociable_a law_n and_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a discern_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o equal_a administration_n of_o justice_n it_o refer_v many_o cause_n to_o their_o genuyn_fw-mi and_o natural_a proceed_n as_o maritime_a cause_n to_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n co._n institute_n 260._o 361._o stamford_n 57_o b._n co._n 5._o 106._o 107_o constable_n case_n and_o there_o the_o proceed_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n co_n 8_o 47._o b._n matter_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n of_o constable_n and_o marshal_n cook_n institute_n 391._o b._n matter_n of_o latin_a the_o law_n refer_v to_o grammarian_n com._n fol._n 122._o matter_n mere_o ecclesiastical_a to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o proper_a court_n coke_n 7._o 43_o b_o 8._o co._n 68_o 5._o co._n 57_o 1._o r._n 3._o 4._o matter_n of_o merchandise_n to_o merchant_n 34._o henr._n 8._o die_v 52_o and_o 54._o many_o other_o case_n upon_o this_o learning_n be_v to_o be_v find_v co._n 9_o fol._n 30._o 31._o 32._o strat._n marclads_n case_n yet_o in_o all_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o trial_n and_o determination_n thereof_o be_v bound_v and_o control_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n they_o be_v as_o river_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o run_v through_o the_o land_n to_o help_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o but_o if_o they_o overflow_v the_o bank_n the_o bank_n be_v make_v high_a and_o strong_a to_o suppress_v their_o violent_a current_n so_o in_o all_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o like_a the_o common-law_n have_v limit_v the_o proceed_n if_o they_o exceed_v their_o bound_n witness_v the_o prohibition_n in_o all_o our_o book_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o provision_n and_o praemunire_n and_o case_n there_o upon_o in_o many_o age_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o supreme_a and_o govern_v law_n be_v the_o common-law_n common-custome_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o rest_n but_o minister_n and_o servant_n unto_o it_o brevia_fw-la remediana_fw-la be_v only_o by_o the_o common-law_n mandatoria_fw-la may_v be_v in_o the_o say_a other_o case_n 7._o co._n calvin_n case_n dy._n 176._o so_o that_o the_o answer_n as_o to_o the_o word_n in_o the_o general_a be_v short_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v positive_a as_o to_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n they_o have_v be_v ancient_a in_o england_n and_o the_o court_n of_o eqnity_n here_o aught_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o constant_a proceed_n in_o england_n in_o age_n past_a i_o mean_v not_o by_o this_o or_o that_o chancellor_n but_o by_o that_o natural_a and_o just_a equity_n in_o the_o court_n here_o observe_v this_o equity_n be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o many_o case_n ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la capiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v include_v within_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o to_o be_v divide_v from_o it_o as_o out_o of_o this_o writing_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o kill_v in_o rebellion_n to_o operate_v a_o attaynder_n if_o this_o be_v no_o law_n in_o england_n it_o can_v be_v law_n here_o vide_fw-la dame-hales_n case_n come_v 263._o a._n 8._o edw._n 3._o 20._o fitz_n dower_n 106._o crompton_n jurisdiction_n fol._n 84._o a._n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v a_o attaynder_n for_o that_o he_o prevent_v the_o judgement_n of_o law_n by_o fight_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o his_o kill_n therein_o which_o ensue_v his_o unlawful_a and_o traitorous_a act_n but_o i_o observe_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o book_n of_o 7._o henr._n 4._o 32_o b._n and_o cook_n 4._o 57_o saddler_n case_n i_o do_v confess_v that_o in_o england_n statute_n may_v be_v obsolete_a as_o the_o statute_n of_o william_n butler_n by_o which_o the_o heir_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n rastall_n 5._o 21._o all_o the_o book_n be_v contrary_a and_o so_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o merton_n of_o disparagement_n as_o to_o a_o action_n to_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o same_o so_o be_v some_o antiquate_a law_n 40._o edw._n 3._o 42._o 42._o ass_n 8._o and_o 25._o one_o present_a and_o aid_v to_o murder_n be_v accessary_a but_o now_o be_v principal_a 4._o hen._n 7._o 18._o com._n 99_o and_o 100_o a_o vicar_n can_v not_o ancient_o have_v a_o action_n against_o a_o parson_n 40._o edw._n 3._o 28._o finchden_n the_o law_n be_v now_o otherwise_o and_o so_o of_o a_o entry_n upon_o a_o feoffee_n with_o warranty_n sit_fw-la fol._n 23._o 24._o in_o the_o case_n of_o disparagement_n give_v the_o reason_n because_o that_o those_o statute_n and_o law_n be_v never_o use_v therefore_o obsolete_a our_o case_n be_v nothing_o like_o for_o life_n liberty_n and_o property_n be_v in_o debate_n but_o a_o obsolete_a law_n be_v no_o law_n in_o force_n therefore_o the_o answer_n as_o to_o that_o be_v defective_a as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o a_o felon_n upon_o his_o keep_n and_o terrify_v of_o the_o people_n i_o conceive_v the_o answer_n be_v uncertain_a and_o dangerous_a if_o such_o a_o felon_n raise_v a_o arm_a power_n against_o the_o crown_n and_o terrify_v that_o way_n no_o doubt_n this_o be_v treason_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o edw._n 3._o or_o the_o equity_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 10._o hen._n 7._o cap._n 13._o in_o ireland_n statuto_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la fol._n 62._o but_o if_o such_o terrify_a be_v without_o raise_v arm_n or_o by_o commit_v the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a felony_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o case_n of_o purse-taker_n by_o force_n in_o the_o high_a way_n of_o england_n many_o a_o man_n be_v terrify_v thereby_o in_o salisbury-plain_a and_o yet_o no_o treason_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n here_o which_o be_v not_o in_o england_n to_o make_v it_o treason_n certain_o it_o can_v be_v treason_n since_o the_o conquest_n write_v of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v for_o to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n here_o in_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n no_o course_n here_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n can_v alter_v the_o law_n of_o england_n therefore_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v a_o declaration_n of_o judge_n here_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n there_o this_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v a_o write_v frame_v in_o the_o register_n and_o appear_v by_o common_a experience_n i_o will_v offer_v a_o notable_a case_n which_o i_o see_v adjudge_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n pasc_n 18._o jacobi_n for_o stafford_n against_o stafford_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o ireland_n when_o sir_n william_n jones_n be_v chief_a justice_n here_o in_o a_o ejectione_fw-la firm_a for_o that_o in_o the_o declaration_n there_o be_v contain_v among_o other_o thing_n ducentas_fw-la acras_fw-la montani_fw-la sir_n william_n jones_n be_v in_o england_n affirm_v the_o course_n here_o to_o have_v be_v so_o and_o vouch_v many_o notable_a precedent_n thereupon_o a_o order_n be_v conceive_v that_o sir_n james_n ley_n sir_n humphrey_n winch_n and_o sir_n john_n denham_n knight_n who_o be_v former_o chief_a justice_n here_o shall_v certify_v the_o course_n who_o make_v report_n that_o the_o course_n in_o ireland_n be_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o writ_n original_a and_o judicial_a to_o be_v direct_v by_o the_o register_n in_o plead_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o book_n of_o entry_n and_o thereupon_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v and_o the_o chief_a justice_n montague_n say_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o ireland_n according_a to_o law_n they_o shall_v learn_v it_o and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o question_n be_v insufficient_a as_o touch_v the_o second_o question_n quest_n which_o be_v concerning_o the_o oath_n which_o this_o judge_n do_v take_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o land_n do_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o judge_n and_o if_o so_o etc._n etc._n
mean_n and_o mediocrity_n which_o regulate_v the_o power_n of_o that_o great_a court_n in_o former_a time_n have_v not_o be_v of_o late_o convert_v and_o strain_v unto_o that_o excess_n we_o see_v these_o question_n have_v never_o be_v stir_v but_o many_o thing_n be_v extend_v to_o their_o uttermost_a sphere_n or_o i_o fear_v beyond_o the_o same_o enforce_v i_o although_o unwilling_o and_o slow_o to_o look_v upon_o our_o law_n and_o just_a right_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o sixteen_o viz._n whether_o juror_n give_v their_o verdict_n according_a to_o their_o conscience_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o castle-chamber_n by_o fine_n excessive_a mutillation_n of_o member_n etc._n etc._n i_o find_v in_o my_o lord_n barcklaye_v case_n placit._n com._n 231._o from_o the_o beginning_n the_o usual_a trial_n at_o common-law_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o juror_n matter_n of_o fact_n be_v and_o be_v tryable_a by_o the_o juror_n and_o matter_n in_o law_n by_o the_o judge_n the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o trial_n appear_v glan_n fol._n 100_o b._n in_o henr._n the_o second_o time_n bracton_n 174._o briton_n fol._n 130._o a._n fortescue_n de_fw-la laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la fol_n 54._o and_o 55._o so_o much_o be_v clear_v they_o be_v jurati_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la veritatem_fw-la be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n co._n 9_o 13._o a._n dowmans_n case_n and_o 25._o etc._n etc._n strata_n marcellas_fw-la case_n and_o infinite_a other_o authority_n they_o be_v so_o far_o judge_n of_o the_o fact_n that_o although_o the_o part_n be_v estop_v to_o aver_v the_o truth_n yet_o these_o judge_n of_o the_o fact_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o estop_v because_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o oath_n co._n 2._o 4._o b._n goddard_n case_n co._n 4._o 53._o a._o raw-hin_n case_n 1._o henr._n 4._o 6._o a._n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v so_o far_o judge_n of_o the_o fact_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o evidence_n to_o the_o court_n co._n 1._o 56._o b._n chancellor_n of_o oxford_n case_n nay_o they_o may_v find_v release_v and_o other_o thing_n of_o their_o knowledge_n not_o give_v in_o evidence_n 8._o ass_n plac_fw-la 3._o co._n 10._o 95._o b._n doctor_n leyfields_n case_n what_o be_v do_v by_o judge_n shall_v not_o be_v try_v by_o juror_n co_n 9_o strata_n marcellas_fw-la case_n 30._o ergo_fw-la è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la but_o if_o any_o doubt_n in_o law_n arise_v upon_o the_o evidence_n there_o be_v a_o proper_a remedy_n by_o bill_n of_o exception_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o vv._n 2._o cap._n 30._o which_o co._n 9_o dowmans_n case_n fol._n 13._o a._o say_v to_o be_v in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o ancient_a common-law_n as_o to_o this_o point_n of_o law_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o evidence_n but_o under_o favour_n not_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o answer_n if_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n do_v err_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n the_o party_n grieve_v have_v his_o remedy_n by_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a if_o practice_n or_o misdemeanour_n do_v not_o appear_v 2._o rich._n 3._o fol_n 9_o 10._o fitz_n natur._n br_fw-la 243._o e._n 27._o ass_n 18._o 4._o henr._n 6._o and_o other_o book_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o fact_n if_o they_o go_v according_a to_o their_o conscience_n as_o our_o question_n be_v state_v if_o the_o jury_n in_o this_o case_n go_v contrary_a to_o their_o evidence_n the_o common-law_n give_v a_o full_a remedy_n by_o attaint_n wherein_o the_o judgement_n be_v â—ost_n heavy_a if_o the_o juror_n have_v do_v amiss_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o another_o question_n yet_o in_o this_o action_n the_o law_n give_v credit_n to_o the_o verdict_n before_o it_o be_v falsify_v for_o if_o a_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o this_o verdict_n and_o after_o a_o attaint_n be_v bring_v no_o super_fw-la sedeas_fw-la can_v be_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o hinder_v the_o party_n who_o recover_v from_o his_o execution_n 5._o henr._n 7._o 22._o b._n 33._o henr._n 6._o 21._o otherwise_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n your_o lordship_n therefore_o may_v see_v what_o faith_n be_v give_v to_o verdict_n at_o common-law_n i_o observe_v the_o notable_a case_n of_o 7._o henr._n 4_o 41_o b._n where_o gascoigne_n answer_v the_o king_n that_o will_v give_v judgement_n contrary_a to_o his_o private_a knowledge_n as_o for_o the_o next_o part_n of_o these_o two_o question_n it_o be_v the_o late_a height_n of_o punishment_n and_o the_o draw_n of_o more_o cause_n to_o that_o court_n then_o in_o former_a time_n move_v this_o debate_n out_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o henr._n 7._o cap._n 1._o concerning_o this_o court_n i_o make_v these_o observation_n first_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n according_a their_o discretion_n may_v examen_fw-la great_a offence_n statut._n second_o that_o they_o may_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o demerit_n of_o delinquent_n after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n thereof_o make_v three_o in_o like_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o shall_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v if_o they_o be_v convict_v by_o the_o due_a order_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o first_o what_o discretion_n this_o be_v we_o find_v in_o our_o book_n co._n 5._o fol._n 100_o rook_n case_n discretion_n be_v to_o proceed_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n at_o common-law_n a_o man_n in_o a_o leete_n be_v fine_v but_o in_o ten_o groat_n for_o a_o light_a bloodshed_n in_o the_o castle-chamber_n a_o nobleman_n for_o a_o offer_n of_o a_o switch_n to_o a_o person_n inferior_a to_o he_o upon_o provocation_n perhaps_o give_v be_v fine_v in_o four_o thousand_o pound_n clanmoris_fw-la commit_v to_o long_a imprisonment_n and_o low_a acknowledgement_n be_v impose_v on_o he_o for_o the_o second_o and_o three_o observation_n if_o man_n of_o quality_n and_o rank_n be_v pillor_v paper_v stigmatise_v and_o fine_v to_o their_o destruction_n in_o case_n where_o if_o they_o have_v be_v convict_v by_o due_a order_n of_o law_n they_o can_v not_o be_v so_o punish_v by_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n i_o humble_o offer_v to_o your_o lordship_n sad_a and_o grave_a consideration_n and_o whether_o these_o course_n be_v warrant_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 3._o henr._n 7._o cap._n 1._o or_o by_o any_o other_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o force_n in_o this_o realm_n and_o if_o all_o juror_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o castle-chamber_n what_o shall_v become_v of_o that_o great_a and_o noble_a trial_n by_o which_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o our_o law_n regular_o be_v tryable_a and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o answer_n to_o these_o two_o question_n be_v not_o satisfactory_a whether_o in_o the_o censure_n in_o the_o castle-chamber_n quest_n regard_v be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n answ_n viz._n salvo_fw-la contenemento_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o conceive_v that_o in_o the_o censure_n in_o the_o castle-chamber_n regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n viz._n salvo_n contenemento_fw-la etc._o etc._o although_o in_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminst_n 1._o cap._n 6._o amerciamentum_fw-la and_o misericordia_fw-la be_v express_v and_o not_o fine_n or_o redemptio_fw-la because_o a_o fine_a and_o a_o amerciament_n be_v in_o the_o old_a year_n book_n use_v promiscuous_o as_o synonimon_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o in_o 10._o edw._n 3._o fol._n 9_o and_o 10._o the_o juror_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramseis_n leete_n be_v swear_v and_o refuse_v to_o present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leete_n be_v amerce_v and_o there_o it_o be_v resolve_v because_o all_o do_v refuse_v to_o present_v all_o shall_v be_v amerce_v but_o when_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v impose_v or_o affeared_a shall_v be_v impose_v several_o upon_o each_o of_o they_o secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la salvo_fw-la contenemento_fw-la suo_fw-la yet_o the_o sum_n there_o impose_v be_v revera_fw-la à _fw-la fine_fw-la and_o not_o a_o amerciament_n as_o a_o amerciament_n be_v now_o take_v and_o here_o with_o agree_v 4._o eliz._n dy._n 211._o b._n in_o these_o word_n if_o the_o juror_n of_o a_o leete_n refuse_v to_o present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leete_n according_a to_o their_o oath_n the_o steward_n shall_v assess_v a_o fine_a upon_o every_o of_o they_o and_o godfries_n case_n 11._o rept_v rept_v fol._n 42._o b._n 43._o a._n second_o if_o by_o intendment_n of_o law_n as_o the_o law_n be_v conceive_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o vvestm._n 1._o fine_n and_o amerciament_n have_v not_o be_v or_o take_v to_o be_v synonyma_fw-la the_o feazor_n of_o those_o act_n will_v
no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v imprison_v put_v off_o his_o freehold_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n other_o then_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n this_o great_a assurance_n in_o the_o 38._o chap._n of_o the_o same_o statute_n be_v grant_v for_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o all_o his_o people_n and_o be_v confirm_v in_o thirty_o parliament_n as_o i_o say_v before_o cook_n 8._o the_o prince_n case_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o edw._n 3._o cap._n 9_o 25._o edw._n 3._o cap._n 4._o 28._o edw._n â—_z cap._n â—_z 42._o edw._n 3._o cap._n 1_o and_o â—_z the_o great_a charter_n be_v again_o confirm_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o proceed_n contrary_a to_o the_o same_o before_o the_o king_n or_o his_o counsel_n be_v declare_v void_a the_o king_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n the_o judge_n by_o his_o oath_n 18._o edward_n â—_z be_v bind_v to_o do_v right_a between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o that_o right_o strengthen_v the_o king_n prerogative_n precedent_n or_o practise_v contrary_a to_o so_o many_o statute_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o many_o age_n past_o encroachment_n be_v make_v upon_o these_o just_a liberty_n which_o be_v always_o remove_v by_o parliament_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o of_o all_o antiquity_n some_o plea_n have_v be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n royal_a house_n as_o in_o the_o court_n hold_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n household_n for_o thing_n arise_v within_o the_o verge_n fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o but_o when_o that_o court_n exceed_v its_o due_a bound_n declaratory_a statute_n be_v always_o make_v to_o meet_v they_o as_o mischief_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o they_o meddle_v with_o land_n or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o articule_fw-la super_fw-la chartam_fw-la 28._o edw._n 1._o 15._o r._n 2._o cap._n 12._o all_o these_o statute_n my_o lord_n and_o many_o more_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v undeniable_o of_o force_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v with_o impunity_n say_v to_o be_v obsolete_a or_o antiquate_a my_o lord_n they_o raise_v another_o doubt_n viz_o that_o as_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v cognizance_n of_o plea_n to_o corporation_n or_o the_o like_a and_o therefore_o to_o the_o council-table_n if_o this_o need_v a_o answer_n i_o will_v answer_v it_o thus_o that_o a_o grant_n of_o cognizance_n never_o be_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o then_o to_o proceed_v per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la or_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la parium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o court_n do_v proceed_v at_o common-law_n and_o not_o upon_o paper_n petition_n or_o summary_a hear_n such_o cognizance_n be_v never_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v at_o loss_n by_o such_o proceed_n he_o lose_v fine_n upon_o original_n he_o lose_v amerciament_n and_o fine_n incident_a to_o every_o judgement_n at_o common-law_n as_o i_o say_v before_o i_o he_o subject_a undergo_v a_o inconvenience_n first_o the_o law_n will_v decline_v writ_n original_a will_n by_o disuse_n be_v forget_v clerk_n who_o shall_v draw_v they_o discourage_v to_o learn_v legal_a proceed_n out_o of_o door_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o regular_a and_o orderly_a proceed_n rudeness_n and_o barbarism_n introduce_v the_o subject_n will_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o his_o attaynte_n and_o writ_n of_o error_n by_o which_o the_o law_n may_v relieve_v he_o against_o false_a verdict_n or_o erroneous_a judgement_n he_o will_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o his_o warranty_n which_o may_v repair_v a_o purchaser_n in_o case_n his_o acquire_a purchase_n be_v not_o good_a whereas_o if_o a_o judge_n or_o juror_n do_v wrong_a the_o remedy_n be_v at_o hand_n but_o against_o the_o lord_n deputy_n and_o council_n who_o will_v seek_v for_o it_o therefore_o the_o countenance_n of_o this_o judicature_n in_o common-plea_n be_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o the_o people_n just_a right_n both_o which_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o maintain_v and_o likewise_o against_o the_o intent_n of_o your_o lordship_n order_n my_o lord_n as_o in_o england_n the_o say_a several_a statute_n be_v make_v to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n aforesaid_a one_o good_a statute_n be_v make_v in_o ireland_n 28._o henr._n 6._o cap._n 2._o irish_a statut_fw-la fol._n 15._o which_o direct_v matter_n of_o interest_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o common-plea_n matter_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n matter_n of_o equity_n in_o the_o chancery_n this_o law_n if_o there_o be_v no_o more_o regulate_v the_o proceed_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o judge_n insist_v upon_o the_o word_n in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o statute_n viz._n save_v the_o king_n prerogative_n my_o lord_n this_o be_v stand_v upon_o at_o the_o late_a great_a trial_n in_o england_n and_o easy_o answer_v for_o by_o the_o common-law_n the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o prerogative_n sue_v in_o any_o of_o the_o four_o court_n for_o his_o particular_a interest_n although_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o court_n for_o he_o may_v sue_v à _fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la in_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o so_o as_o the_o say_a suit_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n i_o will_v demand_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o king_n may_v bring_v à _fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la in_o paper_n knight_n at_o the_o council-board_n the_o king_n now_o attorney_n i_o be_o confident_a will_v answer_v i_o he_o can_v the_o word_n salvo_fw-la or_o save_n be_v in_o construction_n of_o law_n of_o a_o thing_n in_fw-la esse_fw-la or_o existente_fw-la and_o no_o creative_a word_n 26._o ass_n pla_fw-la 66._o and_o can_v in_o the_o king_n case_n be_v construe_v to_o overthrow_v the_o law_n nor_o many_o express_a and_o positive_a act_n of_o parliament_n my_o lord_n in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o duty_n i_o will_v and_o must_v acknowledge_v his_o majesty_n sacred_a and_o lawful_a prerogative_n whereof_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v the_o best_a expositor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_a poltons_n stat_fw-la fol._n 1433._o he_o declare_v that_o his_o prerogative_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o people_n liberty_n and_o the_o people_n liberty_n strenghten_v the_o king_n prerogative_n the_o answer_n be_v a_o kingly_a answer_n and_o moore_n â—ajorum_fw-la this_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o to_o all_o the_o statute_n before_o recite_v the_o government_n of_o england_n be_v the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o only_o royal_a but_o also_o politic_a some_o other_o prince_n like_o cain_n nemrod_n esau_n and_o the_o like_a hunter_n of_o man_n subvert_a law_n the_o king_n of_o england_n maintain_v they_o and_o do_v never_o assume_v the_o power_n to_o change_v or_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o appear_v by_o fortescue_n that_o grave_a and_o learned_a lord_n chancellor_n in_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o time_n de_fw-la laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la cap._n 9_o fol._n 25._o and_o in_o the_o same_o book_n cap._n 36._o fol._n 84._o nor_o to_o take_v his_o people_n good_n nor_o to_o lay_v tax_n nor_o tallage_n upon_o they_o other_o than_o by_o their_o free_a consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n case_n in_o 1â—_n henr._n 4._o fol._n 14._o 15._o 16._o the_o great_a case_n of_o the_o awlnage_n of_o london_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o toll-travers_n and_o toll-through_a 14._o henr._n 4._o 9_o 37._o henr._n 6._o 27._o 8._o henr._n 6._o 19_o all_o agree_v nor_o to_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o land_n as_o by_o convert_v land_n at_o common-law_n to_o gavelkind_n or_o borough_n english_a or_o e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la as_o to_o the_o estate_n otherwise_o as_o to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n ple._n com._n the_o lord_n barclye_v case_n fol._n 246._o 247._o yet_o it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n give_v the_o king_n many_o natural_a and_o great_a prerogative_n far_o beyond_o all_o other_o man_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o say_a case_n fol._n 243._o but_o not_o to_o do_v wrong_a to_o any_o subject_a com._n 246._o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v too_o sacred_a to_o do_v a_o wrong_n in_o the_o intention_n of_o law_n if_o any_o wrong_n be_v do_v his_o ministerâ—_n be_v author_n and_o not_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n just_a prerogative_n by_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n in_o parliament_n be_v bound_v limit_a and_o qualify_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o if_o tenant_n in_o cap._n do_v alien_a at_o common-law_n without_o licence_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o estate_n plo_n com._n case_n of_o mine_n fol._n 332._o the_o statute_n of_o 2._o edw._n 3._o cap_n 14._o make_v this_o only_a finable_a and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 21._o