Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
judgement_n	cause_n	defendant_n	plaintiff_n	1,980	5	10.2033	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47252	Romæ antiquæ notitia, or, The antiquities of Rome in two parts ... : an account of the religion, civil government, and art of war, with the remarkable customs and ceremonies, publick and private : with copper cuts of the principal buildings, &c. : to which are prefix'd two essays : concerning the Roman learning, and the Roman education / by Basil Kennett ...	Kennett, Basil, 1674-1715.	1696 (1696)	Wing K298; ESTC R18884	301,193	437

rome_n and_o though_o he_o constitute_v at_o that_o time_n only_o three_o yet_o as_o the_o state_n increase_v in_o power_n and_o the_o city_n in_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n they_o rise_v by_o degree_n to_o five_o and_o thirty_o the_o distinction_n of_o tribus_fw-la vrbanae_fw-la and_o rusticae_fw-la be_v at_o first_o take_v up_o for_o a_o difference_n between_o those_o people_n who_o inhabit_v the_o city_n and_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o other_o part_n but_o at_o last_o the_o country-tribe_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o honourable_a engross_v the_o whole_a number_n except_o four_n the_o first_o assembly_n of_o the_o tribe_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 263._o convene_v by_o sp._n picinius_fw-la tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o coriolanus_n soon_o after_o the_o tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o be_v order_v to_o be_v elect_v here_o and_o at_o last_o all_o the_o inferior_a magistrate_n and_o the_o collegiate_n priest_n the_o same_o comitia_fw-la serve_v for_o the_o enact_v of_o law_n relate_v to_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o all_o other_o propose_v by_o the_o tribune_n and_o plebeian_n officer_n though_o they_o have_v not_o proper_o the_o name_n of_o leges_fw-la but_o plebiscita_fw-la they_o be_v general_o convene_v by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o the_o magistrate_n poet_n magistrate_n hor._n the_o art_n poet_n they_o be_v confine_v to_o no_o place_n and_o therefore_o sometime_o we_o find_v they_o hold_v in_o the_o comitium_fw-la sometime_o in_o the_o campus_n martius_n and_o now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o capitol_n the_o proceed_n be_v in_o most_o respect_n answerable_a to_o those_o already_o describe_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o comitia_fw-la and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v insist_v on_o only_o we_o may_v far_o observe_v of_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n that_o when_o any_o candidate_n be_v find_v to_o have_v most_o tablet_n for_o a_o magistracy_n he_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v design_v or_o elect_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o this_o they_o term_v renunciari_fw-la consul_n praetor_n or_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o last_o sort_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la only_o can_v be_v hold_v without_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o other_o two_o 9_o two_o diony_n lib._n 9_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n and_o first_o of_o private_a judgement_n a_o judgement_n according_a to_o aristotle_n definition_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o decision_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n be_v admirable_o explain_v by_o sigonius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la from_o who_o the_o follow_a account_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n extract_v judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o proper_a judge_n be_v make_v either_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o select_a judge_n or_o by_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o a_o general_n assembly_n judgement_n make_v by_o one_o or_o more_o select_a judge_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o first_o relate_v to_o controversy_n the_o second_o to_o crime_n the_o former_a will_v be_v sufficient_o describe_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o matter_n or_o subject_a of_o these_o judgement_n the_o person_n concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v the_o matter_n of_o private_a judgement_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cause_n that_o can_v happen_v between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v so_o vast_o extend_v and_o belong_v more_o immediate_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n need_v not_o here_o be_v insist_v on_o the_o person_n concern_v be_v the_o party_n the_o assistant_n and_o the_o judge_n the_o party_n be_v the_o actor_n and_o reus_n the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n the_o assistant_n be_v the_o procurâtore_v and_o the_o advocati_fw-la of_o who_o though_o they_o be_v often_o confound_v yet_o the_o first_o be_v proper_o such_o lawyer_n as_o assist_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o prove_v or_o the_o defendant_n in_o clear_v himself_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o other_o who_o be_v likewise_o call_v patroni_fw-la be_v to_o defend_v their_o client_n cause_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n 3_o law_n zouch_v element_n jurisprud_n p._n 5._o sect._n 3_o both_o these_o be_v select_v out_o of_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o have_v their_o name_n enter_v in_o the_o matriculation-book_n of_o the_o forum_n this_o be_v one_o condition_n requisite_a to_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o plead_v the_o other_o be_v the_o be_v retain_v by_o one_o party_n or_o the_o receive_n a_o fee_n which_o they_o term_v mandatum_fw-la ibid._n mandatum_fw-la ibid._n the_o judge_n beside_o the_o praetor_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o preside_v in_o the_o court_n and_o allow_v and_o confirm_v they_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n arbitri_fw-la recuperatores_fw-la and_o centumviri_n litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la arbitri_fw-la who_o they_o call_v simple_o judices_fw-la be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v in_o some_o private_a cause_n of_o no_o great_a consequence_n and_o of_o very_o easy_a decision_n recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n about_o receive_v or_o recover_v thing_n which_o have_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o but_o the_o usual_a judge_n in_o private_a cause_n be_v the_o centumviri_n three_o of_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o tribe_n so_o that_o their_o number_n be_v five_o more_o than_o their_o name_n import_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o arbitri_fw-la and_o recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v out_o of_o this_o body_n by_o the_o praetor_n the_o manner_n of_o carry_v on_o the_o private_a suit_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n the_o difference_n fail_v to_o be_v make_v up_o between_o friend_n the_o injure_a person_n proceed_v in_o jus_o reum_fw-la vocare_fw-la to_o summon_v or_o cite_v the_o offend_a party_n to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o go_v with_o he_o or_o else_o to_o give_v bond_n for_o his_o appearance_n according_a to_o the_o common_a maxim_n in_o jus_o vocatus_fw-la aut_fw-la eat_v aut_fw-la satisdet_fw-la both_o party_n be_v meet_v before_o the_o praetor_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n preside_v in_o the_o court_n the_o plaintiff_n propose_v the_o action_n to_o the_o defendant_n in_o which_o he_o design_v to_o sue_v he_o this_o they_o term_v edere_fw-la actionem_fw-la be_v perform_v common_o by_o write_v it_o in_o a_o tablet_n and_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o defendant_n that_o he_o may_v see_v whether_o he_o have_v best_o compound_v or_o stand_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o postulatio_fw-la actionis_fw-la or_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v leave_n of_o the_o praetor_n to_o prosecute_v the_o defendant_n in_o such_o a_o action_n this_o be_v grant_v the_o plaintiff_n vadabatur_fw-la reum_fw-la oblige_v he_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o such_o a_o day_n in_o the_o court_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o public_a before_o the_o prefix_v day_n for_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o difference_n use_v very_o often_o to_o be_v make_v up_o either_o transactionc_n or_o pacto_fw-la by_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v as_o dubious_a and_o uncertain_a or_o by_o composition_n for_o so_o much_o damage_n to_o be_v ascertain_v by_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o friend_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o hear_n the_o praetor_n order_v the_o several_a bill_n to_o be_v read_v and_o the_o party_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o a_o accensus_fw-la or_o beadle_n upon_o the_o default_n of_o either_o party_n the_o defaulter_n lose_v his_o cause_n the_o appear_v of_o both_o they_o term_v se_fw-la stitisse_fw-la and_o then_o the_o plaintiff_n proceed_v litem_fw-la sive_fw-la actionem_fw-la intendere_fw-la to_o prefer_v the_o suit_n which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o action_n after_o this_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v judgement_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v a_o judex_n or_o arbiter_n or_o else_o the_o recuperatores_fw-la or_o centumviri_n for_o the_o hear_n and_o decide_v the_o business_n but_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v desire_v unless_o both_o party_n agree_v the_o praetor_n when_o he_o assign_v they_o their_o judge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n define_v the_o number_n of_o witness_n to_o hinder_v the_o protract_n of_o the_o suit_n and_o then_o the_o party_n proceed_v to_o give_v caution_n that_o the_o judgement_n whatever_o it_o be_v shall_v stand_v and_o be_v perform_v on_o both_o side_n the_o judge_n always_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o be_v impartial_a and_o the_o party_n swear_v they_o do_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o a_o design_n to_o abuse_v one_o another_o this_o they_o call_v juramentum_fw-la calumniae_fw-la then_o begin_v the_o disceptatio_fw-la

of_o some_o of_o their_o noble_a patron_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o whole_a matter_n before_o a_o vast_a concourse_n of_o people_n and_o with_o abundance_n of_o ceremony_n for_o consider_v the_o ordinary_a circumstance_n of_o man_n of_o that_o profession_n this_o may_v be_v think_v not_o so_o much_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o industrious_a temper_n as_o the_o necessary_a way_n of_o raise_v a_o name_n among_o the_o wit_n and_o get_v a_o tolerable_a livelihood_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o under_o some_o prince_n the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o this_o tribe_n for_o all_o their_o trouble_n and_o pain_n in_o proclaim_v their_o part_n to_o the_o multitude_n can_v hardly_o keep_v themselves_o from_o starve_v as_o juvenal_n observe_v of_o statius_n sed_fw-la cùm_fw-la fregit_fw-la subsellia_fw-la versu_fw-la esurit_fw-la intactam_fw-la paridi_fw-la nisi_fw-la vendit_fw-la agaven_n i_o will_v mean_v therefore_o the_o rehearsal_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o composition_n in_o prose_n or_o verse_n perform_v by_o man_n of_o some_o rank_n and_o quality_n before_o they_o oblige_v the_o world_n with_o their_o publication_n this_o be_v do_v ordinary_o in_o a_o meeting_n of_o friend_n and_o 〈◊〉_d stintance_n and_o now_o and_o then_o with_o the_o admission_n of_o a_o more_o numerous_a audience_n the_o design_n they_o chief_o aim_v at_o be_v the_o correction_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o piece_n for_o the_o author_n have_v a_o great_a awe_n and_o concern_v upon_o he_o on_o these_o occasion_n than_o at_o other_o time_n must_v needs_o take_v more_o notice_n of_o every_o word_n and_o sentence_n while_o he_o speak_v they_o before_o the_o company_n than_o he_o do_v in_o the_o first_o composure_n or_o in_o the_o common_a supervisal_n beside_o he_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n judgement_n whether_o intimate_v to_o he_o afterward_o in_o private_a conference_n or_o racite_o declare_v at_o the_o recital_n by_o their_o look_n and_o nod_n with_o many_o other_o token_n of_o dislike_n or_o approbation_n in_o the_o full_a auditory_n he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o see_v what_o take_v or_o what_o do_v not_o with_o the_o people_n who_o common_a suffrage_n be_v of_o so_o great_a authority_n in_o this_o case_n that_o pomponius_n secundus_fw-la a_o celebrate_a author_n of_o tragedy_n when_o he_o consult_v with_o his_o friend_n about_o the_o polish_n any_o of_o his_o write_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o differ_v in_o their_o opinion_n about_o the_o elegance_n justness_n and_o propriety_n of_o any_o thought_n or_o expression_n use_v always_o to_o say_v ad_fw-la populum_fw-la provoco_fw-la i_o appeal_v to_o the_o people_z as_o the_o best_a decider_n of_o the_o controversy_n 17._o controversy_n pän_n lib._n 7._o epist_n 17._o the_o example_n of_o the_o young_a pliny_n in_o this_o practice_n be_v very_o observable_a and_o the_o account_n which_o we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v give_v we_o by_o himself_o i_o omit_v say_v lie_v no_o way_n or_o method_n that_o may_v seem_v proper_a for_o correction_n and_o first_o i_o take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v and_o consider_v thorough_o of_o the_o whole_a piece_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o read_v it_o over_o to_o two_o or_o three_o friend_n and_o soon_o after_o send_v it_o to_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o observation_n if_o i_o be_o in_o any_o doubt_n concern_v their_o criticism_n i_o take_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o one_o or_o two_o beside_o myself_o to_o judge_v and_o debate_v the_o matter_n last_o of_o all_o i_o recite_v before_o a_o great_a number_n and_o this_o be_v the_o time_n that_o i_o furnish_v myself_o with_o the_o several_a emendation_n 17._o emendation_n plin._n lib._n 7._o ep._n 17._o it_o may_v be_v a_o far_a pleasure_n on_o this_o subject_a to_o describe_v the_o whole_a institution_n and_o course_n of_o study_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a roman_n with_o their_o gradual_a advances_n to_o those_o virtue_n and_o attainment_n which_o we_o still_o admire_v in_o their_o story_n but_o the_o account_n which_o cicero_n give_v of_o himself_o in_o his_o brutus_n and_o some_o hint_n from_o other_o part_n of_o his_o work_n will_v excuse_v if_o not_o command_v the_o omission_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v no_o ordinary_a happiness_n that_o we_o be_v oblige_v with_o the_o history_n of_o that_o excellent_a person_n from_o his_o own_o hand_n who_o we_o must_v certain_o pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o first_o and_o great_a example_n if_o we_o be_v behold_v only_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o men._n for_o some_o while_n after_o his_o admission_n to_o the_o forum_n he_o be_v a_o constant_a auditor_n of_o the_o best_a pleader_n when_o ever_o they_o speak_v in_o public_a every_o day_n he_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o writing_n read_v and_o improve_n his_o invention_n beside_o the_o exercise_n he_o perform_v in_o the_o art_n of_o oratory_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o apply_v himself_o with_o all_o imaginable_a diligence_n to_o q._n scaevola_n the_o most_o celebrate_a professor_n of_o that_o science_n who_o though_o he_o do_v not_o make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o procure_v scholar_n yet_o be_v very_o ready_a and_o willing_a to_o assist_v such_o person_n in_o this_o study_n as_o desire_v his_o advice_n and_o direction_n it_o be_v to_o this_o scaevola_n that_o cicero_n father_n when_o he_o put_v he_o on_o his_o manly_a gown_n commit_v his_o son_n with_o a_o strict_a charge_n never_o to_o stir_v from_o he_o but_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n about_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o his_o age_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o contention_n between_o marius_n and_o sylla_n when_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o all_o thing_n in_o confusion_n philo_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o academy_n leave_v athens_n on_o occasion_n of_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n take_v up_o his_o residence_n in_o rome_n cicero_n whole_o resign_v himself_o to_o his_o institution_n have_v now_o fix_v the_o bent_n of_o his_o thought_n and_o inclination_n to_o philosophy_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o more_o diligent_a attendance_n because_o the_o distraction_n of_o the_o time_n give_v he_o little_a reason_n to_o hope_v that_o the_o old_a judicial_a process_n and_o the_o regular_a course_n of_o the_o law_n will_v ever_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a vigour_n yet_o not_o entire_o to_o forsake_v his_o oratory_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o molo_n the_o rhodian_a a_o famous_a pleader_n and_o master_n of_o rhetoric_n sylla_n be_v now_o the_o second_o time_n advance_v against_o mithridates_n the_o city_n be_v not_o much_o disturb_v with_o arm_n for_o three_o year_n together_o during_o this_o interval_n cicero_n with_o unwearied_a diligence_n make_v his_o advances_n day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n have_v now_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o new_a instructor_n diodotus_n the_o stoic_a who_o live_v and_o die_v in_o his_o house_n to_o this_o master_n beside_o his_o improvement_n in_o other_o useful_a part_n of_o knowledge_n he_o be_v particular_o oblige_v for_o keep_v he_o continual_o exercise_v in_o logic_n which_o he_o call_v a_o concise_a and_o compact_a kind_n of_o eloquence_n but_o though_o engage_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o so_o many_o and_o such_o different_a faculty_n he_o let_v no_o day_n slip_v without_o some_o performance_n in_o oratory_n declaim_v constant_o with_o the_o best_a antagonist_n he_o can_v light_v on_o among_o the_o student_n in_o this_o exercise_n he_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o any_o one_o language_n but_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o latin_a sometime_o of_o greek_a and_o indeed_o more_o frequent_o of_o the_o latter_a either_o because_o the_o beauty_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o greek_a style_n will_v by_o this_o mean_n grow_v so_o natural_a as_o easy_o to_o be_v imitate_v in_o his_o own_o tongue_n or_o because_o his_o grecian_a master_n will_v not_o be_v such_o proper_a judge_n of_o his_o style_n and_o method_n nor_o so_o well_o able_a to_o correct_v his_o failures_n if_o he_o deliver_v himself_o in_o any_o other_o than_o their_o native_a i_o anguage_n upon_o sylla_n victorious_a return_n and_o his_o settlement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o lawyer_n recover_v their_o practice_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o judicial_a matter_n be_v revive_v and_o then_o it_o be_v that_o cicero_n come_v to_o the_o bar_n and_o undertake_v the_o patronage_n of_o public_a and_o private_a cause_n his_o first_o oration_n in_o a_o public_a judgement_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o sextus_n rescius_fw-la prosecute_v by_o no_o less_o a_o man_n than_o the_o diclator_n himself_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o none_o of_o the_o old_a staunch_a advocate_n dare_v appear_v in_o his_o behalf_n cicero_n carry_v the_o cause_n to_o his_o great_a honour_n be_v now_o about_o six_o or_o seven_o and_o twenty_o and_o have_v behave_v himself_o so_o remarkable_o well_o in_o his_o

to_o be_v hear_v in_o open_a senate_n before_o they_o enter_v the_o city_n as_o when_o they_o petition_v for_o a_o triumph_n and_o the_o like_a case_n pliny_n too_o have_v a_o very_a remarkable_a observation_n that_o whenever_o the_o augur_n report_v that_o a_o ox_n have_v speak_v which_o we_o often_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o ancient_a prodigy_n the_o senate_n be_v present_o to_o sit_v sub_fw-la dio_n or_o in_o the_o open_a air_n 45._o air_n plin._n nat._n hist_o lib._n 8._o cap._n 45._o as_o for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o sit_v we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o common_a distinction_n of_o senatus_n legitimus_fw-la and_o senatus_n indictus_fw-la the_o former_a be_v when_o the_o senate_n meet_v of_o course_n upon_o such_o day_n as_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n oblige_v they_o to_o these_o be_v the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n in_o every_o month_n till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n who_o confine_v they_o to_o the_o kalend_n and_o ides_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o october_n by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n no_o obligation_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o senator_n to_o appear_v only_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v require_v by_o law_n to_o compose_v a_o fit_a number_n for_o the_o management_n of_o any_o business_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o time_n they_o take_v their_o fortune_n by_o lott_n as_o suetonius_n inform_v we_o 35._o we_o in_o octau._n cap._n 35._o we_o may_v observe_v from_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n call_v parricidium_fw-la from_o the_o murder_n of_o julius_n caesar_n which_o happen_v on_o it_o be_v particular_o except_v and_o a_o decree_n pass_v that_o the_o senate_n shall_v never_o meet_v on_o that_o day_n for_o the_o future_a 88_o future_a idem_fw-la in_o jul._n case_n cap._n 88_o senatus_n indictus_fw-la be_v a_o senate_n call_v for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o any_o business_n upon_o any_o other_o day_n except_o the_o die_v comitiales_n when_o the_o senator_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o comitia_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o the_o senate_n be_v set_v the_o consul_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o place_n perform_v some_o divine_a service_n and_o then_o propose_v the_o business_n to_o the_o house_n both_o which_o action_n they_o call_v refer_v ad_fw-la senatum_fw-la rom._n senatum_fw-la p._n manut._n de_fw-fr senat._n rom._n when_o he_o have_v open_v the_o cause_n he_o go_v round_o in_o order_n begin_v with_o the_o princeps_fw-la senatûs_fw-la or_o the_o design_v consul_n and_o ask_v every_o body_n opinion_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o please_v stand_v up_o and_o give_v their_o judgement_n upon_o the_o point_n it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o when_o any_o senator_n be_v ask_v his_o opinion_n he_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o speak_v as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v as_o well_o about_o other_o concern_v as_o about_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n and_o therefore_o when_o any_o particular_a member_n have_v a_o design_n to_o hinder_v the_o pass_n of_o any_o decree_n it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o protract_v his_o speech_n till_o it_o be_v too_o late_o to_o make_v any_o determination_n in_o the_o house_n when_o as_o many_o as_o think_v fit_a have_v give_v their_o judgement_n at_o large_a the_o supreme_a magistrate_n make_v a_o short_a report_n of_o their_o several_a opinion_n and_o then_o in_o order_n to_o pass_v the_o decree_n order_v the_o senator_n to_o divide_v one_o party_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o the_o number_n be_v now_o tell_v the_o major_a part_n determine_v the_o case_n and_o a_o senatus-consultum_fw-la be_v according_o write_v by_o the_o public_a notary_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o principal_a member_n that_o promote_v it_o but_o in_o case_n of_o little_a concern_v or_o such_o as_o require_v expedition_n the_o formality_n of_o ask_v opinion_n and_o debate_v the_o business_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o a_o decree_n pass_v upon_o the_o bare_a division_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o count_a of_o the_o number_n on_o both_o side_n this_o be_v call_v senatus-consultum_fw-la per_fw-la discessionem_fw-la factum_fw-la the_o former_a simple_o senatus-consultum_fw-la senator_n senatus-consultum_fw-la p._n manu●_n de_fw-fr senator_n julius_n capitolinus_n speak_v of_o a_o sort_n of_o senatus-consulta_a not_o describe_v by_o any_o other_o author_n which_o he_o call_v senatus-consulta_a tacita_fw-la and_o tell_v we_o they_o be_v make_v in_o reference_n to_o affair_n of_o great_a secrecy_n without_o the_o admittance_n of_o the_o very_a public_a servant_n but_o all_o the_o business_n be_v do_v by_o the_o senator_n themselves_o after_o the_o pass_n of_o a_o oath_n of_o secrecy_n till_o their_o design_n shall_v be_v effect_v gordian_n effect_v jul._n capitolin_n in_o gordian_n there_o be_v several_a thing_n that_o may_v hinder_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o decree_n in_o senate_n as_o in_o case_n of_o a_o intercessio_fw-la or_o interpose_v this_o be_v common_o put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o reckon_v it_o their_o privilege_n but_o it_o may_v be_v do_v too_o by_o any_o magistrate_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o he_o that_o propose_v the_o business_n to_o the_o house_n or_o else_o when_o the_o number_n require_v by_o law_n for_o the_o pass_n of_o any_o bill_n be_v not_o present_a for_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o fix_a number_n be_v very_o evident_a though_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n can_v be_v determine_v any_o far_a about_o it_o in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o senator_n be_v not_o call_v senatus-consultum_fw-la but_o authoritas_fw-la senatus_n their_o judgement_n not_o their_o command_n and_o signify_v little_a unless_o it_o be_v afterward_o ratify_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o senatus-consultum_fw-la as_o usual_o happen_v senator_n happen_v p._n manut._n de_fw-fr senator_n beside_o these_o two_o impediment_n a_o decree_n of_o senate_n can_v not_o pass_v after_o sunset_n but_o be_v defer_v till_o another_o meeting_n all_o along_o till_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 304._o the_o write_a decree_n be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o consul_n who_o may_v dispose_v of_o they_o as_o he_o think_v proper_a and_o either_o suppress_v or_o preserve_v they_o but_o then_o a_o law_n pass_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v always_o for_o the_o future_a to_o the_o aedile_n plebis_fw-la to_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o ceres_n 3._o ceres_n livy_n lib._n 3._o yet_o we_o find_v that_o afterward_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n preserve_v in_o the_o public_a treasury_n 3._o treasury_n vide_fw-la ciceron_n philipp_n 5._o sueton._n in_o august_n tacitum_fw-la annal._n 3._o it_o may_v be_v far_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o proper_a senator_n any_o magistrate_n may_v come_v into_o the_o house_n during_o their_o honour_n and_o they_o who_o have_v bear_v any_o curule_n office_n after_o its_o expiration_n but_o then_o none_o of_o those_o who_o come_v into_o the_o house_n pure_o upon_o account_n of_o their_o magistracy_n be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o give_v their_o judgement_n upon_o any_o matter_n or_o be_v number_v among_o the_o person_n who_o have_v vote_n yet_o they_o tacit_o express_v their_o mind_n by_o go_v over_o to_o those_o senator_n who_o opinion_n they_o embrace_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o senatores_fw-la pedarii_fw-la there_o be_v a_o old_a custom_n too_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o son_n of_o senator_n may_v come_v into_o the_o house_n and_o hear_v the_o proceed_n this_o after_o it_o have_v be_v abrogate_a by_o a_o law_n and_o long_o disuse_v be_v at_o last_o revive_v by_o augustus_n who_o in_o order_n to_o bring_v the_o young_a nobleman_n the_o soon_o to_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n order_v that_o any_o senator_n son_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o put_n on_o the_o toga_fw-la virilis_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v the_o latus_fw-la clavus_fw-la and_o of_o come_v into_o the_o senate_n 38._o senate_n sueton_n in_o august_n cap._n 38._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o of_o the_o candidate_n for_o office_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o different_a form_n of_o government_n which_o obtain_v among_o the_o roman_n or_o to_o decide_v the_o case_n of_o preeminency_n between_o they_o we_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n under_o they_o all_o of_o these_o we_o meet_v with_o many_o general_a division_n as_o in_o respect_n of_o time_n magistratus_fw-la ordinarii_fw-la and_o extraordinarii_fw-la with_o reference_n to_o the_o person_n patricii_fw-la plebeii_fw-la and_o mixti_fw-la from_o their_o quality_n majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la from_o their_o manner_n of_o appear_v in_o public_a curule_v and_o non_fw-fr curule_v and_o last_o from_o the_o place_n

and_o crimen_fw-la ambitûs_fw-la the_o next_o in_o the_o crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la and_o the_o last_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n cicero_n have_v give_v we_o a_o excellent_a example_n in_o every_o kind_n of_o the_o first_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o fonteius_n flaccus_n muraena_fw-la and_o plancius_n of_o the_o second_o in_o that_o for_o cornelius_n and_o of_o the_o three_o in_o his_o admirable_a defence_n of_o milo_n laudatio_fw-la be_v a_o custom_n like_o that_o in_o our_o trial_n of_o bring_v in_o person_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v their_o testimony_n of_o the_o accuse_v person_n be_v good_a behaviour_n and_o integrity_n of_o life_n the_o least_o number_n of_o these_o laudatores_fw-la use_v to_o be_v ten._n in_o the_o latio_fw-la sententiae_fw-la or_o pronounce_v sentence_n they_o proceed_v thus_o after_o the_o orator_n on_o both_o side_n have_v say_v all_o they_o design_v the_o crier_n give_v notice_n of_o it_o according_o and_o then_o the_o praetor_n send_v out_o the_o jury_n to_o consult_v mittebat_fw-la judices_fw-la in_o consilium_fw-la deliver_v to_o every_o one_o three_o tablet_n cover_v with_o wax_n one_o of_o absolution_n another_o of_o condemnation_n and_o a_o three_o of_o ampliation_n or_o adjournment_n of_o the_o trial_n the_o first_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o the_o second_o with_o c_o the_o other_o with_o n_n l._n or_o non_fw-la liquet_fw-la in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o jury_n withdraw_v be_v set_v a_o proper_a number_n of_o urn_n or_o box_n into_o which_o they_o throw_v what_o tablet_n they_o please_v the_o accuse_a person_n prostrate_v himself_o all_o this_o while_n at_o their_o foot_n to_o move_v their_o compassion_n the_o tablet_n be_v draw_v and_o the_o great_a number_n know_v the_o praetor_n pronounce_v sentence_n according_o the_o form_n of_o condemnation_n be_v usual_o videntur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la or_o non_fw-la jure_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o absolution_n non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o ampliation_n amplius_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la sometime_o he_o mention_v the_o punishment_n and_o sometime_o leave_v it_o out_o as_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n on_o which_o the_o indictment_n be_v ground_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o trial_n in_o criminal_a matter_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o four_o head_n aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la animadversio_fw-la judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la and_o judicium_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la or_o the_o rate_v of_o the_o damage_n be_v in_o use_n only_o in_o case_n of_o bribery_n and_o abuse_v of_o the_o public_a money_n animadversio_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praetor_n but_o in_o case_n the_o party_n be_v absolve_v there_o lay_v two_o action_n against_o the_o accuser_n one_o of_o calumny_n the_o common_a punishment_n of_o which_o be_v frontis_fw-la inustio_fw-la burn_v in_o the_o forehead_n and_o the_o other_o of_o prevarication_n when_o the_o accuser_n instead_o of_o urge_v the_o crime_n home_o seem_v rather_o to_o hide_v or_o extenuate_v the_o gild_n hence_o the_o civilian_n define_v a_o prevaricator_n to_o be_v one_o that_o betray_v his_o cause_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o turn_v on_o the_o criminal_n side_n wh●n_v be_v aught_o to_o prosecute_v chap._n xix_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n the_o people_n be_v sometime_o the_o judge_n both_o in_o private_a and_o public_a cause_n though_o of_o the_o first_o we_o have_v only_o one_o example_n in_o livy_n 3._o livy_n lib._n 3._o the_o other_o we_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n these_o judgement_n be_v make_v first_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la and_o afterward_o at_o the_o centuriata_fw-la and_o tributa_fw-la the_o proceed_n in_o all_o which_o assembly_n have_v be_v already_o show_v what_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v be_v this_o when_o any_o magistrate_n design_v to_o impeach_v a_o person_n of_o a_o crime_n before_o the_o whole_a people_n he_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o call_v the_o people_n together_o by_o a_o crier_n signify_v to_o they_o that_o upon_o such_o a_o day_n he_o intend_v to_o accuse_v such_o a_o person_n of_o such_o a_o crime_n this_o they_o term_v reo_fw-la diem_fw-la dicere_fw-la the_o suspect_a party_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o the_o day_n prefix_v and_o in_o default_n of_o bail_n be_v command_v to_o prison_n on_o the_o appoint_a day_n the_o magistrate_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o cite_v the_o party_n by_o the_o crier_n who_o unless_o some_o other_o magistrate_n of_o equal_a authority_n interpose_v or_o a_o sufficient_a excuse_n be_v offer_v be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v or_o may_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o accuse_v he_o if_o he_o appear_v the_o accuser_n begin_v his_o charge_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o every_o other_o day_n for_o six_o day_n together_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o indictment_n mention_v the_o particular_a punishment_n specify_v in_o the_o law_n for_o such_o a_o offence_n this_o intimation_n they_o term_v anquisitio_fw-la the_o same_o be_v immediate_o after_o express_v in_o write_v and_o then_o take_v the_o name_n of_o rogatio_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o be_v ask_v or_o consult_v about_o it_o and_o irrogatio_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o criminal_a as_o it_o import_v the_o mulct_n or_o punishment_n assign_v he_o by_o the_o accuser_n this_o rogatio_fw-la be_v public_o expose_v three_o nundinae_fw-la or_o market-day_n together_o for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o people_n on_o the_o three_o market-day_n the_o accuser_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o the_o people_n be_v call_v together_o undertake_v the_o four_o turn_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o have_v conclude_v give_v the_o other_o party_n leave_v to_o enter_v upon_o his_o defence_n either_o in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o advocate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o accuser_n finish_v his_o four_o charge_n he_o give_v notice_n what_o day_n he_o will_v have_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v to_o receive_v the_o bill_n the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la to_o consider_v of_o mulct_n and_o the_o centuriata_fw-la for_o capital_a punishment_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v several_a way_n by_o which_o the_o accuse_a party_n may_v be_v relieve_v as_o first_o if_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o interpose_v in_o his_o behalf_n or_o if_o he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o voluntary_a exile_n sickness_n or_o upon_o account_n of_o provide_v for_o a_o funeral_n or_o if_o he_o prevail_v with_o the_o accuser_n to_o relinquish_v his_o charge_n and_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v or_o if_o upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o augur_n discover_v any_o ill_a omen_n and_o so_o forbid_v the_o assembly_n if_o none_o of_o these_o happen_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v and_o proceed_v as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v and_o as_o for_o the_o animadversio_fw-la or_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o praetorian_a judgement_n the_o form_n of_o judgement_n which_o have_v be_v thus_o describe_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v prevail_v chief_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n for_o as_o the_o king_n before_o so_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o be_v themselves_o judge_n in_o what_o cause_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o please_v as_o suetonius_n particular_o inform_v we_o of_o almost_o all_o the_o twelve_o caesar_n it_o be_v this_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o mandatores_fw-la and_o delatores_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o wretch_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o every_o part_n of_o history_n the_o business_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o mark_v down_o such_o person_n as_o upon_o inquisition_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v find_v guilty_a of_o any_o misdemeanour_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v employ_v in_o accuse_v and_o prosecute_n they_o upon_o the_o other_o order_n this_o mischievous_a tribe_n as_o they_o be_v countenance_v and_o reward_v by_o ill_a prince_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o detest_v by_o the_o good_a emperor_n titus_n prosecute_v all_o that_o can_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o most_o diligent_a search_n with_o death_n or_o perpetual_a banishment_n 8._o banishment_n sueton._n in_o tit._n cap._n 8._o and_o pliny_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o great_a praise_n of_o trajan_n that_o he_o have_v clear_v the_o city_n from_o the_o perjure_a race_n of_o informer_n panegyric_n informer_n plin._n in_o panegyric_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o roman_a punishment_n the_o accurate_a sigonius_n have_v divide_v the_o punishment_n into_o eight_o sort_n damnum_fw-la vincula_fw-la verbera_fw-la talio_n ignominia_fw-la exilium_fw-la servitus_fw-la mors._n damnum_fw-la be_v a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n or_o fine_a set_v upon_o the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n vincula_fw-la signify_v the_o guilty_a person_n be_v being_n condemn_v to_o imprisonment_n and_o fetter_n of_o which_o they_o have_v many_o