dispose_v of_o they_o four_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o clerk_n proper_a to_o themselves_o to_o register_n their_o law_n five_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v judgement_n in_o effect_n and_o some_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reverse_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o last_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o that_o court_n for_o all_o which_o cause_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n of_o record_n although_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la so_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n a_o court_n of_o more_o eminency_n than_o this_o but_o ubicunque_fw-la fuerimus_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la and_o for_o express_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n of_o gregory_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n of_o cook_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n imprisonment_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o high_a consequence_n whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o these_o law_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o any_o thing_n touch_v the_o same_o for_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o sway_v somewhat_o against_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o freeborn_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o bonham_n case_n 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dyer_n that_o liberty_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n much_o favore_v and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o curious_a in_o not_o extend_v word_n contain_v in_o charter_n to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o point_n and_o therefore_o in_o clerk_n case_n in_o sir_n ed._n cook_n 5_o report_n fol._n 64._o case_n clark_n case_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o term_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o major_a there_o and_o his_o brethren_n do_v assess_v every_o townsman_n towards_o erect_v and_o build_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v a_o order_n that_o he_o which_o shall_v refuse_v to_o assist_v and_o pay_v shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o one_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n against_o the_o major_n who_o plead_v in_o effect_n that_o they_o be_v incorporate_a by_o king_n edward_n 6._o and_o have_v power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o their_o alban_n major_a of_o st._n alban_n charter_n to_o make_v ordinance_n by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o say_a order_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o major_n for_o that_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n they_o have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n body_n for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la but_o by_o that_o book_n they_o may_v have_v inflict_v a_o penalty_n and_o have_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o it_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8._o report_n king_n hen._n 8._o incorporate_v the_o physician_n of_o london_n and_o give_v they_o power_n by_o charter_n to_o examine_v the_o imperites_fw-la &_o to_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n et_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o non_fw-la bene_fw-la exequendo_fw-la faciendo_fw-la &_o utendo_fw-la illos_fw-la per_fw-la punitionem_fw-la eorum_fw-la delinquentium_fw-la per_fw-la fine_n amerciamentum_fw-la &_o imprisonomentum_fw-la corporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o i_o find_v their_o charter_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o queen_n do_v award_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n betwixt_o scrog_n and_o colshil_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la and_o that_o if_o scrog_n shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o last_o commission_n i_o much_o doubt_n of_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n have_v no_o power_n to_o commit_v any_o man_n but_o if_o any_o abuse_n or_o misdemeanour_n be_v commit_v in_o contempt_n or_o derogation_n of_o their_o authority_n they_o may_v make_v certificate_n thereof_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o report_n there_o be_v a_o discourse_n what_o case_n godfrey_n case_n court_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o which_o not_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v some_o court_n may_v fine_a but_o not_o imprison_v as_o the_o court_v leet_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v some_o other_o can_v neither_o fine_a nor_o imprison_v as_o court_n baron_n and_o county_n court_v and_o some_o can_v neither_o fine_a imprison_v nor_o amerce_v as_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o some_o may_v imprison_v and_o not_o fine_a as_o chief_a constable_n at_o their_o petty_a session_n for_o a_o affray_n do_v in_o disturbance_n of_o they_o and_o other_o court_n there_o be_v which_o may_v fine_a imprison_v and_o amerce_v as_o the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o court_n nor_o to_o every_o offence_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o be_v authorize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o commission_n and_o statute_n which_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v viz._n and_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v negligent_a gainsay_v or_o rebel_n in_o the_o work_n reparation_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o negligent_a in_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o you_o compel_v they_o by_o distress_n fines_n and_o amerciament_n and_o by_o other_o punishment_n way_n or_o mean_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v strong_a and_o large_a enough_o to_o authorise_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o here_o they_o be_v to_o be_v careful_a and_o not_o to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v fine_a or_o amerce_v in_o any_o case_n because_o the_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o but_o this_o construction_n must_v be_v thereof_o make_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v where_o imprisonment_n be_v due_a and_o fine_a in_o case_n fineable_a and_o amerce_v in_o case_n amerciable_a and_o distrain_v where_o a_o distress_n proper_o lie_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o they_o may_v not_o imprison_v where_o by_o the_o law_n imprisonment_n be_v not_o due_a but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a punnishment_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o its_o proper_a kind_n for_o these_o word_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o must_v be_v order_v by_o a_o just_a and_o legal_a construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o i_o have_v know_v the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n general_o and_o promiscuous_o put_v together_o have_v be_v marshal_v according_a to_o their_o distributive_a operation_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o rich._n 3._o which_o be_v that_o all_o feoffment_n gift_n grant_n release_v and_o confirmation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v good_a yet_o though_o these_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o notwithstanding_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a sage_n and_o expositor_n of_o our_o law_n have_v so_o marshal_v the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o make_v construction_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o possession_n may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n may_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o discontinue_v estate_n may_v release_v or_o confirm_v and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v general_a howsoever_o reason_n must_v be_v the_o expositor_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o not_o in_o preposterous_a manner_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v thus_o pass_v over_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v myself_o to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v and_o where_o not_o imprisonment_n fine_a and_o amerciament_n fines_n if_o one_o
alter_v former_a law_n it_o appear_v in_o esther_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v so_o perdurable_a as_o they_o can_v never_o be_v change_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v require_v as_o great_a foresight_n judgement_n and_o as_o sound_v discretion_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o repeal_n of_o old_a law_n as_o in_o make_v new_a one_o for_o quae_fw-la preter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o morem_fw-la major_n '_o fiunt_fw-la neque_fw-la placent_fw-la neque_fw-la recta_fw-la videmur_fw-la i_o have_v note_v how_o careful_o and_o constant_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o when_o they_o all_o cry_v out_o aloud_o nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la see_v therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a care_n in_o make_v law_n so_o must_v there_o be_v great_a heed_n take_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n and_o because_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n herein_o i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n how_o far_o that_o power_n will_v extend_v and_o if_o one_o note_v this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n well_o he_o shall_v well_o perceive_v the_o judicious_a care_n take_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o pen_v of_o it_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n omit_v the_o word_n decree_v to_o alter_v repeal_n and_o make_v void_a for_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o judgement_n and_o be_v finis_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v reverse_v without_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n neither_o can_v a_o sentence_n or_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n be_v reverse_v without_o a_o bill_n of_o review_n neither_o can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n judicious_o pronounce_v which_o be_v a_o judgement_n upon_o a_o trial_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n or_o betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n without_o a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v quod_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la quod_n dissolvi_fw-la eo_fw-la ligamine_fw-la quo_fw-la ligatum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o error_n lay_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n when_o the_o commission_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o register_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o since_o the_o commission_n be_v put_v into_o the_o english_a frame_n the_o writ_n of_o error_n cease_v a_o law_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o be_v not_o reversable_a without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o then_o the_o say_a sale_n must_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n frame_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v his_o land_n of_o i._o s._n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a towards_o the_o repair_n of_o such_o a_o bridge_n bank_n or_o wall_n it_o fortune_v that_o a._n b._n pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o neglect_v to_o pay_v it_o though_o he_o be_v thereto_o order_v and_o assess_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a repair_n by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o seignory_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_o be_v to_o be_v decree_v and_o not_o the_o land_n for_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o i._o s._n and_o not_o in_o a._n b._n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n if_o any_o person_n be_v by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v to_o repair_v wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n of_o sewer_n the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a any_o of_o these_o because_o these_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o their_o power_n be_v to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o their_o commission_n plain_o describe_v it_o for_o thereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o repeal_v alter_v and_o make_v void_a so_o they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o and_o herein_o i_o end_v all_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o i_o account_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o remain_v unspoken_a of_o not_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o reader_n dialect_n because_o i_o have_v full_o handle_v all_o the_o material_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v just_o â—â—â—clude_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o that_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la â—_o consumatum_fw-la finis_fw-la
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
petty_a matter_n the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o sole_a charge_n for_o these_o may_v be_v spend_v in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o i_o suppose_v my_o meaning_n be_v herein_o well_o perceive_v which_o be_v that_o in_o petty_a annual_a and_o ordinary_a repair_n the_o lessee_n alone_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o but_o where_o the_o same_o want_n in_o great_a timber_n or_o when_o a_o new_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v build_v they_o shall_v both_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o with_o this_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o do_v direct_o in_o reason_n agree_v withal_o out_o of_o 20._o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o which_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o great_a repair_n as_o also_o in_o the_o new_a building_n as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v both_o at_o the_o charge_n yet_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o clause_n in_o effect_n that_o all_o lot_n scot_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n hereafter_o to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v gather_v or_o levy_v by_o distress_n on_o those_o ground_n as_o in_o case_n of_o other_o person_n and_o that_o all_o bill_n of_o acquittance_n sign_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o receiver_n or_o collector_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o receiver_n and_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n for_o allowance_n to_o the_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n but_o his_o majesty_n yet_o by_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o lessor_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v charge_v but_o all_o 9_o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 9_o these_o be_v to_o be_v reconcile_v with_o my_o say_a diversity_n but_o now_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a or_o possible_a for_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o take_v notice_n at_o the_o nota._n nota._n first_o of_o every_o private_a man_n inheritance_n and_o the_o several_a estate_n which_o the_o party_n have_v therein_o when_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a by_o private_a search_n to_o find_v they_o out_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n to_o such_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a business_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o lay_v the_o rate_n tax_v or_o sesse_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o on_o the_o visible_a possessor_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o money_n so_o rate_v be_v demand_v on_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v distrain_v therefore_o or_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o than_o they_o may_v come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o show_v forth_o their_o lease_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o i._o s._n have_v the_o reversion_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o upon_o due_a proof_n thereon_o make_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n on_o both_o side_n may_v apportion_v the_o tax_n on_o either_o of_o they_o as_o in_o justice_n discretion_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v requisite_a and_o so_o if_o a_o tax_v be_v set_v upon_o land_n the_o owner_n may_v come_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o that_o i._o d._n have_v a_o common_a and_o rend_v thereout_o and_o upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n according_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v not_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n at_o the_o first_o to_o lay_v the_o charge_n upon_o every_o particular_a person_n for_o that_o be_v opus_fw-la in_o finitum_fw-la &_o impossibile_fw-it but_o to_o relieve_v the_o party_n upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o justice_n of_o these_o law_n so_o to_o do_v and_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v will_v not_o complain_v for_o relief_n let_v it_o be_v just_o account_v their_o own_o folly_n and_o no_o injustice_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n direct_v that_o such_o as_o be_v 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o ch_n 12._o grieve_v shall_v have_v relief_n upon_o their_o complaint_n which_o confirm_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n tax_n rate_n and_o sessment_n impose_v mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o have_v former_o put_v nine_o several_a matter_n to_o tie_v man_n to_o the_o repair_v and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v the_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o of_o they_o i_o propose_v these_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o be_v not_o back_v help_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o custom_n prescription_n common_a right_n or_o by_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o tenure_n or_o covenant_n or_o any_o act_n of_o the_o party_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o be_v only_o compose_v make_v order_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o sole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o these_o be_v such_o as_o fall_v out_o of_o all_o the_o fome_a rule_n and_o therefore_o in_o nova_fw-la causa_fw-la novum_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la adhibendum_fw-la but_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o own_o work_n i_o will_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v the_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o rook_n and_o keighleys_n case_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o they_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o rook_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n or_o bank_n by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o that_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o assess_v the_o say_a party_n alone_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o prescription_n tenure_n custom_n or_o otherwise_o but_o aught_o to_o assess_v all_o the_o level_n to_o do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v to_o have_v good_a thereby_o but_o this_o be_v mistake_v be_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o alter_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o keighley_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o learned_a maker_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n will_v have_v strike_v down_o at_o one_o blow_n so_o many_o thousand_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n covenant_n and_o use_n as_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o do_v and_o make_v the_o repair_v in_o this_o kind_n some_o in_o consideration_n of_o house_n and_o land_n other_o for_o yearly_a rent_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n which_o to_o have_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v impose_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o leveller_n will_v have_v wrought_v and_o bring_v a_o wondrous_a innovation_n change_n and_o alteration_n in_o these_o work_n all_o which_o by_o this_o exposition_n be_v free_v and_o save_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v certain_a case_n which_o of_o mere_a necessity_n lie_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n first_o if_o any_o ground_n be_v heretofore_o by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n goat_n sluice_n jetty_a or_o other_o defence_n which_o ground_n so_o charge_v have_v be_v of_o late_o devour_v and_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o remain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o that_o case_n tie_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n now_o upon_o the_o level_n which_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o take_v hurt_v by_o the_o not_o make_v the_o repair_v or_o which_o be_v to_o receive_v good_a by_o the_o do_v thereof_o second_o also_o if_o a._n b._n be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n or_o bank_n and_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n whereby_o the_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n the_o tenure_n be_v end_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o repair_v and_o therefore_o now_o the_o charge_n must_v lie_v on_o the_o the_o level_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n if_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v in_o other_o sort_n extinguish_v three_o where_o no_o person_n or_o ground_n can_v be_v know_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v by_o tenure_n prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n four_o if_o john_n à _fw-fr stile_n be_v chargeable_a to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o same_o here_o the_o level_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v to_o assist_v he_o therein_o as_o appear_v in_o keighleys_n
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
wrong_n recover_v his_o damage_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o lib._n assize_n plac_n 6._o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v by_o jury_n before_o commissioner_n that_o certain_a person_n by_o 3._o 19_o ed._n 3._o name_n have_v turn_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n which_o be_v there_o term_v the_o king_n stream_n and_o run_v from_o ware_n to_o waltham_n and_o so_o to_o london_n and_o have_v fix_v and_o pitch_a pile_n and_o stake_n therein_o by_o mean_n whereof_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n it_o be_v award_v that_o those_o person_n which_o be_v present_v by_o name_n and_o which_o have_v do_v part_n of_o the_o nusans_a shall_v reform_v the_o same_o and_o because_o some_o of_o the_o party_n name_n can_v not_o be_v discover_v which_o have_v do_v other_o part_n of_o the_o say_v nusans_a it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v command_v by_o writ_n to_o he_o to_o be_v direct_v to_o reform_v that_o part_n of_o the_o nusans_a take_v therein_o to_o his_o assistance_n those_o person_n who_o have_v ground_n next_o adjoin_v and_o quod_fw-la defendentes_fw-la sint_fw-la in_o miserecordia_fw-la dom_n '_o regit_fw-la because_o the_o nusan_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v do_v by_o force_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 23._o in_o the_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o a_o nusan_o do_v the_o judgement_n in_o part_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v &_o cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o upon_o these_o three_o case_n i_o observe_v 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o that_o be_v the_o action_n private_a or_o popular_a always_o one_o part_n of_o judgement_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v at_o the_o cost_n and_o charge_n of_o he_o or_o they_o which_o do_v it_o therefore_o these_o case_n do_v full_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v and_o although_o in_o all_o the_o say_a case_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a course_n take_v to_o remove_v the_o nuisance_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o course_n allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n and_o that_o be_v by_o abate_v of_o the_o nusans_a in_o pull_v or_o cut_v the_o same_o down_o and_o the_o law_n be_v express_v so_o in_o the_o point_n in_o 9_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 35._o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o nusan_o do_v to_o i._n s._n he_o or_o some_o 4._o 9_o ed._n 4._o other_o by_o his_o direction_n may_v overthrow_v the_o nusans_a but_o if_o it_o be_v do_v ad_fw-la nocumentum_fw-la populi_fw-la as_o in_o the_o high_a or_o royal_a stream_n than_o any_o person_n prejudice_v thereby_o may_v abate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v a_o stream_n navigable_a but_o it_o have_v be_v object_v to_o i_o by_o way_n of_o interogation_n can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n make_v a_o unnavigable_a river_n or_o stream_n to_o become_v or_o to_o be_v make_v navigable_a by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n yea_o or_o no_o touch_v which_o i_o shall_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n as_o follow_v if_o this_o can_v have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n then_o what_o shall_v it_o have_v need_v to_o have_v procure_v act_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o do_v thereof_o as_o 9_o h._n 6._o cap._n 9_o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o lee_n navigable_a and_o 6_o h._n 8._o cap._n 17._o a_o statute_n to_o make_v the_o river_n at_o canterbury_n navigable_a and_o and_o in_o 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 4._o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o exit_fw-la near_o exeter_n navigable_a and_o 27_o eliz._n cap._n 20._o to_o make_v a_o river_n navigable_a at_o plymouth_n and_o in_o 3_o jac._n 10._o cap._n for_o make_v thames_n navigable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o oxford_n berks_n wilts_n and_o gloucester_n these_o in_o truth_n be_v good_a argument_n but_o not_o convince_a proof_n for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o stream_n can_v be_v make_v navigable_a unless_o there_o be_v certain_a mill_n wear_v stank_n or_o kiddel_n remove_v which_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n and_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o direct_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v not_o power_n to_o raze_v or_o impair_v these_o by_o the_o remove_n thereof_o to_o make_v the_o stream_n navigable_a but_o in_o these_o case_n a_o new_a private_a act_n of_o parliament_n must_v be_v obtain_v for_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n many_o of_o the_o say_v private_a statute_n be_v obtain_v but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o inheritable_a encumbrance_n stand_v in_o the_o way_n but_o that_o by_o the_o cleanse_n or_o deep_a cast_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v navigable_a then_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v word_n in_o our_o statute_n will_v bear_v this_o exposition_n videlicet_fw-la and_o to_o cleanse_v and_o purge_v the_o trench_n stream_n sewer_n gutter_n and_o ditch_n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o herewithal_o i_o intend_v to_o close_v up_o this_o day_n exercise_v with_o this_o short_a conclusion_n that_o be_v that_o e._n be_v not_o sufficient_a freeman_n nor_o be_v resciant_fw-la nor_o have_v good_n of_o value_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n that_o notwithstanding_o b._n and_o c._n and_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v competent_a commissioner_n and_o they_o join_v with_o three_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la have_v power_n to_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n of_o sewer_n and_o because_o this_o be_v be_v new_o erect_v therefore_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v to_o raze_v it_o and_o to_o pull_v it_o down_o be_v a_o good_a law_n and_o warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la quartae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la quinta_fw-la lectura_fw-la generou_n auditor_n my_o fellow_n and_o friend_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a and_o renown_a inn_n of_o court_n i_o have_v sail_v so_o far_o within_o the_o land_n that_o my_o ship_n have_v take_v up_o her_o harbour_n in_o the_o inland_a stream_n and_o i_o myself_o be_o get_v up_o to_o the_o high_a mountain_n to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v take_v the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o all_o my_o former_a day_n labour_n and_o this_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o my_o read_n i_o must_v now_o make_v my_o account_n to_o you_o of_o my_o stewardship_n the_o talon_n which_o be_v deliver_v i_o when_o i_o enter_v upon_o my_o first_o day_n exercise_v be_v this_o worthy_a statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o i_o have_v put_v forth_o to_o the_o best_a use_n i_o can_v in_o my_o poor_a skill_n and_o understanding_n but_o in_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o my_o account_n it_o may_v be_v it_o will_v come_v short_a of_o your_o exctation_n if_o it_o do_v i_o pray_v you_o help_v to_o increase_v it_o out_o of_o your_o abundant_a store_n and_o consider_v with_o yourselves_o that_o your_o reader_n take_v in_o hand_n to_o read_v upon_o a_o maiden-law_n which_o never_o before_o this_o time_n abide_v his_o exposition_n in_o any_o inn_n of_o court_n and_o our_o law_n book_n be_v exceed_v scarce_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n &_o nature_n and_o so_o i_o want_v those_o mean_n and_o help_n which_o many_o other_o reader_n have_v have_v who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v their_o reading_n of_o statute_n former_o read_v on_o and_o which_o have_v receive_v a_o more_o plentiful_a exposition_n in_o our_o book_n and_o term_n of_o the_o law_n then_o this_o of_o i_o have_v do_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o this_o house_n for_o the_o reader_n in_o his_o last_o day_n exercise_v to_o make_v a_o brief_a repetition_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o index_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a head_n of_o his_o statute_n and_o of_o his_o division_n and_o because_o every_o profession_n be_v most_o grace_v when_o it_o be_v follow_v and_o tread_v out_o in_o the_o step_n of_o learned_a predecessor_n i_o intend_v therefore_o to_o be_v no_o changeling_n nor_o mean_v i_o to_o produce_v or_o bring_v up_o new_a usage_n least_o old_a custom_n shall_v forget_v what_o herself_o have_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n therefore_o do_v i_o make_v my_o repetition_n first_o i_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n i_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o the_o dominion_n and_o empire_n of_o these_o sea_n the_o legal_a power_n of_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o property_n profit_n and_o possession_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o these_o profit_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n real_a and_o personal_a the_o real_a profit_n be_v the_o ground_n relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v always_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o