account_n against_o the_o other_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o seize_v of_o other_o good_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_v for_o the_o same_o 2._o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o one_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v shall_v by_o the_o law-merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n whereas_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o joint_a tenant_n of_o other_o good_n the_o survivor_n perjus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la shall_v have_v all_o 3._o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o a_o deed_n in_o write_v the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n from_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n but_o when_o one_o john_n cumpton_n merchant_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la against_o another_o merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n and_o the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o be_v not_o hereby_o intend_v that_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n can_v or_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n in_o merchant_n case_n but_o that_o other_o thing_n likewise_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v think_v reasonable_a if_o they_o so_o desire_v to_o allow_v they_o the_o choice_n of_o that_o court_n where_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v more_o respect_v than_o to_o confine_v they_o to_o other_o court_n where_o another_o law_n be_v more_o predominant_a beside_o there_o may_v be_v danger_n of_o doubt_n thereof_o because_o those_o thing_n be_v not_o approve_v for_o proof_n at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v hold_v sufficient_a in_o the_o admiralty_n among_o the_o merchant_n for_o as_o sir_n john_n davies_n further_o observe_v at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n write_v can_v be_v plead_v against_o he_o as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v but_o in_o suit_n between_o merchant_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v but_o ticquet_n without_o seal_n letter_n of_o advice_n and_o credence_n policy_n of_o assurance_n assignation_n of_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v of_o good_a credit_n and_o force_v by_o the_o law-merchant_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o malines_n observe_v that_o the_o bearer_n of_o such_o bill_n by_o the_o course_n among_o merchant_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o demand_v and_o recover_v the_o contract_n without_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v moreover_o considerable_a that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n look_v one_o way_n when_o the_o common_a law_n look_v another_o as_o for_o instance_n a_o ship_n be_v freight_v or_o hire_v for_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n at_o 20_o l._n per_fw-la month_n by_o charter-party_n it_o appear_v that_o have_v be_v eight_o month_n in_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o merchant_n who_o freight_v she_o before_o she_o make_v any_o port_n with_o her_o lade_n she_o perish_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o have_v be_v aver_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n ought_v to_o have_v freight_n for_o eight_o month_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v always_o be_v allow_v the_o merchant_n lose_v his_o good_n the_o owner_n lose_v his_o freight_n again_o if_o the_o owner_n lose_v his_o freight_n the_o mariner_n although_o he_o escape_v lose_v his_o wage_n for_o the_o time_n he_o serve_v which_o happy_o will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o if_o he_o sue_v at_o the_o guild-hall_n for_o the_o same_o three_o for_o encouragement_n and_o advantage_n of_o those_o who_o use_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v considerable_a that_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o diverse_a and_o several_a person_n undertake_v the_o same_o business_n as_o when_o many_o join_v in_o subscription_n to_o a_o policy_n of_o assurance_n but_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n every_o man_n must_v be_v sue_v several_o which_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o act_n concern_v assurance_n hold_v inconvenient_a and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n divers_a and_o several_a person_n may_v join_v in_o the_o same_o suit_n as_o mariner_n for_o wage_n at_o a_o small_a charge_n to_o themselves_o with_o little_a prejudice_n to_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n which_o be_v sue_v and_o obtain_v a_o decree_n or_o order_n all_o together_o whereas_o when_o they_o sue_v at_o the_o guild-hall_n every_o man_n sue_v several_o to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o every_o particular_a and_o to_o the_o excessive_a damage_n of_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n if_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o they_o beside_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28._o of_o hen._n the_o 8._o cap._n 15._o take_v notice_n that_o if_o mariner_n or_o shipper_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o often_o voyage_n and_o passage_n must_v depart_v without_o long_a tarry_n and_o protract_v of_o time_n be_v enforce_v to_o attend_v the_o ordinary_a term_n of_o the_o common_a law_n four_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o conveniency_n and_o dispatch_n of_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n cause_n admit_v of_o proof_n which_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n do_v not_o allow_v for_o in_o that_o court_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o defendant_n answer_v upon_o oath_n which_o in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o afford_v again_o whereas_o in_o those_o court_v the_o evidence_n must_v be_v produce_v at_o the_o bar_n before_o the_o jury_n seaman_n and_o mariner_n which_o be_v many_o time_n necessary_a witness_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o express_v can_v be_v present_a without_o great_a prejudice_n to_o themselves_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n they_o may_v be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n after_o the_o suit_n be_v begin_v and_o their_o examination_n be_v take_v in_o write_v they_o have_v liberty_n to_o follow_v their_o own_o and_o the_o common_a occasion_n moreover_o many_o time_n in_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n no_o proof_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o witness_n remain_v in_o foreign_a part_n to_o which_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o those_o witness_n by_o commission_n out_o of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n be_v usual_o swear_v and_o examine_v by_o magistrate_n in_o those_o place_n and_o their_o examination_n so_o take_v be_v allow_v for_o sufficient_a proof_n upon_o return_n divers_a other_o instance_n may_v be_v give_v by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n can_v give_v redress_n in_o suit_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n with_o more_o conveniency_n than_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n but_o these_o consider_v and_o how_o much_o it_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o those_o who_o support_v navigation_n and_o trade_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v which_o court_n may_v be_v best_a justify_v in_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o that_o nature_n what_o inconvenience_n may_v follow_v both_o to_o the_o private_a and_o public_a by_o the_o interpose_v of_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o by_o obstruction_n make_v unto_o the_o admiralty_n in_o such_o business_n may_v appear_v in_o one_o particular_a that_o be_v concern_v charter-party_n and_o freight_n due_a for_o employment_n of_o ship_v there_o be_v but_o one_o instance_n give_v of_o a_o suit_n bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n viz._n the_o 28_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o be_v on_o the_o merchant_n part_n for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n viz._n for_o not_o stay_v in_o a_o port_n of_o discharge_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o which_o the_o owner_n be_v condemn_v in_o 500_o l._n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o loss_n or_o damage_n which_o the_o merchant_n have_v sustain_v and_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o many_o clause_n there_o be_v in_o charter-party_n and_o covenant_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o which_o the_o owner_n be_v bind_v under_o a_o general_a penalty_n if_o upon_o every_o breach_n advantage_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o extremity_n no_o man_n will_v have_v great_a comfort_n in_o hire_v out_o ship_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o
the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n assert_v against_o sr._n edward_n coke_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o xxii_o chapter_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n by_o richard_n zouch_v doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o late_a judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n london_n print_v for_o francis_n titan_n and_o thomas_n dring_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o their_o shop_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1663._o thomas_n foley_n of_o great_a witley_n court_n in_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n esqr._o to_o the_o reader_n i_o do_v certify_v and_o attest_v that_o the_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n assert_v etc._n etc._n by_o dr._n zouch_n be_v deliver_v into_o my_o hand_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o to_o be_v print_v and_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o have_v dedicate_v to_o his_o royal_a highness_n james_n duke_n of_o york_z lord_n high_z admiral_z of_o england_n drs_n commons_o febr._n 25._o 1663._o tim._n baldwyn_n assertion_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n 1._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v in_o use_n and_o esteem_v and_o particular_o in_o england_n special_a law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o regulate_v the_o same_o 2._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o to_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 3._o that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o special_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o sea_n affair_n as_o also_o in_o england_n certain_a cause_n viz._n all_o such_o as_o have_v relation_n to_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n have_v be_v hold_v proper_a for_o their_o conusance_n 4._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n 5._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v business_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 6._o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n as_o touch_v damage_n do_v to_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n annoyance_n of_o free_a passage_n and_o unlawful_a fish_n 7._o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n relate_v to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n 8._o that_o the_o court_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n do_v intermeddle_v with_o and_o interrupt_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o cause_n proper_o belong_v to_o that_o court_n 9_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o subject_n thereof_o than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n sir_n edward_z coke_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n cap._n xxii_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n admiralitatis_fw-la against_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n concern_v prohibition_n grant_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 11_o febr._n penultimo_fw-la die_fw-la termini_fw-la hillarii_n admiral_n anno_fw-la 8._o jac._n regis_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o complaint_n be_v after_o by_o his_o majesty_n commandment_n set_v down_o in_o article_n by_o dr._n dun_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v with_o answer_n to_o the_o same_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o they_o afterward_o confirm_v by_o three_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o law_n 1._o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 2._o by_o judgement_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o last_o by_o book_n case_n complaint_n certain_a grievance_n whereof_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v especial_o complain_v and_o desire_v redress_v 1._o that_o whereas_o the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n the_o same_o be_v make_v tryable_a at_o the_o common-law_n by_o suppose_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o cheapside_n or_o such_o place_n answer_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o conusance_n power_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n but_o every_o such_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n rise_v within_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o water_n and_o also_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n aught_o to_o be_v try_v determine_v discuss_v and_o remedy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o before_o or_o by_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n in_o any_o manner_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o water_n infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la aquae_fw-la but_o whether_o it_o be_v upon_o any_o water_n within_o any_o county_n wherefore_o we_o acknowledge_v that_o of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quereles_a make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o within_o any_o county_n from_o whence_o no_o trial_n can_v be_v have_v by_o twelve_o man_n the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o no_o precedent_n can_v be_v show_v that_o any_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v for_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o querele_n concern_v any_o marine_a cause_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n take_v that_o only_o to_o be_v the_o sea_n wherein_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v before_o by_o law_n describe_v to_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n see_v more_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o six_o article_n when_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o admiralty_n upon_o bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 2._o wherein_o the_o commom-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n yet_o in_o these_o cause_n prohibition_n be_v award_v against_o the_o admiral_n court_n bargain_n or_o contract_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n answer_n wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n precedent_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o article_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o consign_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n but_o if_o any_o indenture_n bond_n or_o other_o specialty_n or_o any_o contract_n be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n or_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common-law_n can_v administer_v justice_n and_o give_v ordinary_a remedy_n in_o these_o case_n neither_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n nor_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v any_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o when_o this_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v deal_v therewith_o in_o derogation_n of_o the_o common-law_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v 3._o whereas_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o admiral_n court_n have_v use_v to_o take_v stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o court_n it_o be_v now_o affirm_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n that_o the_o admiral_n court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o not_o able_a to_o take_v such_o stipulation_n and_o hereupon_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n answer_n the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o can_v take_v any_o such_o recognisance_n as_o a_o court_n of_o record_n may_v do_v and_o for_o take_v of_o recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o law_n they_o ought_v and_o if_o a_o erroneous_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o that_o court_n no_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o a_o appeal_n to_o certain_a delegate_n do_v lie_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8_o eliz._n reginae_fw-la cap._n 5._o which_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n 5._o that_o charter-party_n make_v only_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o the_o sea_n 4._o be_v daily_o withdraw_v from_o that_o court_n by_o prohibition_n if_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o any_o city_n answer_n port_n town_n or_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n although_o it_o be_v
three_o touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v what_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v out_o of_o plowdens_n commentary_n 330._o that_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o statute_n be_v the_o key_n to_o open_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o mischief_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o remedy_n now_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o â—s_v suggest_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v encroacht_v divers_a jurisdiction_n and_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n &_o other_o lord_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v in_o his_o court_n with_o such_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n wherein_o he_o have_v encroacht_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n which_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v it_o do_v no_o way_n appear_v but_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v or_o reasonable_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v intend_v the_o admiral_n shall_v be_v debar_v from_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n which_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n and_o be_v former_o hold_v proper_a for_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v then_o state_v can_v not_o be_v hold_v encroachment_n so_o much_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v suppose_v because_o the_o statute_n restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n further_o add_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v due_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o noble_a prince_n king_n edward_n grandfather_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v king_n edward_n the_o three_o sir_n henry_n spâ—â—man_n write_v admiral_n that_o some_o man_n do_v conceive_v causarum_fw-la nauticarum_fw-la cognitionem_fw-la &_o forum_n rei_fw-la maritimae_fw-la quod_fw-la hodie_fw-la curiam_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la vocant_fw-la sub_fw-la edwardo_n tertio_fw-la illuxisse_fw-la and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o that_o king_n time_n who_o do_v many_o other_o glorious_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n receive_v some_o setlement_n and_o grow_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o it_o be_v before_o but_o the_o constitution_n observe_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 142._o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v manifest_a that_o the_o court_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o day_n he_o say_v that_o some_o have_v dream_v that_o it_o have_v begin_v recite_v the_o ancient_a record_n de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la 144._o before_o mention_v and_o likewise_o another_o quote_v also_o by_o mr._n seldâ—n_n 16._o wherein_o it_o be_v show_v that_o king_n edw._n the_o three_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o judge_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la retineatur_fw-la &_o continuetur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o subject_n begin_v and_o ordain_v by_o his_o grandfather_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o counsel_n for_o retain_v and_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v touch_v the_o correct_v interpret_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n late_o ordain_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o pass_v through_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o for_o punish_v of_o offence_n and_o for_o give_v of_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o be_v damnify_v which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v correct_v declare_v interpret_v and_o publish_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o be_v entitle_v le_fw-fr ley_n oleron_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n be_v continue_v all_o that_o king_n time_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o 49_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o select_a seaman_n for_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o touch_v some_o business_n propose_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o inquisition_n they_o know_v no_o better_o advise_v nor_o remedy_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o practise_v after_o the_o manner_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n all_o which_o be_v admit_v and_o due_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o such_o cause_n as_o do_v original_o by_o civil_a law_n belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o what_o former_a king_n have_v ancient_o ordain_v for_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o same_o as_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o matter_n decide_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n and_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o inquisition_n take_v at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v within_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o same_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o touch_v the_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n and_o book-case_n intend_v to_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n in_o exercise_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o those_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o cause_n of_o difference_n in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o it_o be_v incident_a to_o all_o profession_n where_o there_o be_v any_o competition_n or_o emulation_n with_o other_o to_o incline_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o their_o advantage_n second_o such_o judgement_n sand_n book-case_n have_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a understanding_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o any_o notice_n or_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o maritime_a cause_n the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a rule_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v frame_v three_o that_o many_o of_o they_o upon_o due_a examination_n may_v be_v find_v not_o so_o conclude_v as_o they_o be_v pretend_v and_o although_o much_o respect_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o author_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v that_o their_o judgement_n be_v infallible_a four_o that_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n as_o prohibition_n be_v the_o result_v of_o the_o former_a authority_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v according_o last_o touch_v the_o main_a piece_n sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la carry_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o â—â—e_v judge_n touch_v the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 1575._o and_o from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1632_o subscribe_v unto_o by_o they_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n charles_n and_o twenty_o lord_n of_o his_o counsel_n the_o particular_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o sr._n edward_n cook_n note_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v no_o conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o follow_v 1_o that_o in_o the_o 2_o rich._n 2._o hibernici_n sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la admirallo_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari._n 2_o that_o the_o 7_o rich._n 2._o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v for_o a_o ship_n and_o merchandises_n take_v away_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v take_v they_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_n ou_fw-fr les_fw-fr norman_n que_fw-fr la_fw-fr enemis_fw-fr la_fw-fr roy_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v allow_v a_o good_a plea_n 3_o that_o fortescue_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n the_o six_o say_v siquae_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la deducantur_fw-la per_fw-la testes_fw-la terminari_fw-la debent_fw-la 4_o that_o dyer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n say_v that_o by_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v suppose_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o intra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiralty_n to_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o
council_n garsias_n mastrilli_n say_v he_o have_v all_o jurisdiction_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a in_o maritime_a cause_n exclusive_a to_o all_o other_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v divers_a other_o admiral_n 22._o both_o in_o europe_n and_o the_o indies_n of_o equal_a power_n marinus_n siculus_n say_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o castille_n that_o he_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o constable_n and_o have_v supreme_a authority_n over_o all_o that_o use_v the_o sea_n and_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v lord_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v also_o large_o describe_v in_o the_o partidos_fw-la beside_o for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o ordinary_a maritime_a business_n by_o the_o same_o law_n judge_n be_v appoint_v to_o reside_v in_o port_n town_n and_o other_o place_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o be_v to_o hear_v the_o cause_n of_o seaman_n concern_v freight_n of_o ship_n and_o contribution_n for_o good_n cast_v overboard_o or_o any_o other_o matter_n which_o judge_n be_v to_o proceed_v plain_o without_o solemnity_n and_o with_o all_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n fontan_n in_o france_n by_o a_o ordinance_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o make_v upon_o a_o survey_n of_o all_o other_o former_a ordinance_n ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o office_n of_o the_o admiral_n in_o the_o king_n name_n be_v thus_o declare_v 1._o that_o of_o all_o army_n which_o shall_v be_v raise_v and_o set_v to_o sea_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n shall_v be_v chief_a and_o our_o lieutenant_n general_n and_o shall_v be_v obey_v in_o all_o maritime_a town_n and_o place_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v without_o contradiction_n second_o he_o shall_v have_v jurisdiction_n conusance_n and_o determination_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v or_o commit_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n likewise_o of_o all_o act_n of_o merchandise_n fish_v freight_a or_o let_v to_o freight_n or_o breach_n of_o ship_n of_o contract_n make_v touch_v the_o matter_n aforesaid_a of_o charter_n party_n of_o sea_n brief_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o happen_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o shore_n thereof_o as_o our_o lieutenant_n general_n alone_o and_o to_o all_o purpose_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a which_o jurisdiction_n cognizance_n and_o determination_n we_o have_v interdict_v to_o all_o other_o our_o judge_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o principal_a court_n at_o the_o marble_n table_n in_o the_o palace_n at_o paris_n and_o shall_v appoint_v judge_n deputy_n in_o maritime_a city_n and_o town_n who_o shall_v hear_v ordinary_a matter_n happen_v within_o their_o circuit_n and_o if_o any_o business_n fall_v out_o worthy_a of_o great_a consideration_n they_o shall_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o he_o in_o denmark_n the_o three_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n who_o be_v common_o call_v ryâ—ks_v admiral_n and_o as_o morisotus_n 14._o write_v he_o have_v the_o same_o right_n and_o power_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n in_o scotland_n as_o wellwood_n a_o scotish_n man_n write_v the_o admiral_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v power_n within_o the_o sea-flood_n 1_o over_o all_o seafaring_a man_n and_o in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_n civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n of_o any_o degree_n may_v meddle_v therewith_o but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o action_n bring_v by_o anthony_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr tour_n against_o christian_a martens_n 6_o novemb_n 1542._o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o mr._n selden_n observe_v have_v another_o manner_n of_o right_n 27._o and_o jurisdiction_n than_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n or_o other_o ordinary_a admiral_n for_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n and_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o as_o a_o province_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o custody_n and_o tuition_n as_o to_o a_o precedent_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n by_o who_o he_o be_v authorize_v the_o bound_n of_o which_o jurisdiction_n be_v limit_v and_o determine_v in_o those_o sea_n and_o beside_o as_o the_o french_a and_o other_o admiral_n he_o have_v the_o power_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o the_o government_n over_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o person_n and_o movable_a good_n which_o come_v under_o his_o judicature_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n del_fw-it faith_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr which_o jurisdiction_n have_v no_o bound_n but_o extend_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a african_a and_o indian_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o far_o remote_a what_o mr._n selden_n deliver_v concern_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n special_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o first_o respect_n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n in_o french_a in_o archivis_fw-la of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n 142_o set_v out_o at_o large_a by_o sr._n edward_n cook_n the_o effect_n and_o tenor_n whereof_o be_v that_o whereas_o during_o the_o war_n between_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n reginerus_n grimbaldus_n admiral_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v spoil_v the_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n sail_v towards_o flanders_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o two_o king_n to_o hear_v and_o redress_v the_o complaint_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o prelate_n nobility_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o town_n of_o england_n and_o of_o divers_a maritime_a country_n as_o of_o genua_n catalonia_n spain_n germany_n zealand_n holland_n friesland_n and_o norway_n declare_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o island_n therein_o situate_a by_o order_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o counter-mands_a of_o arm_n &_o vessel_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o for_o merchandise_v and_o by_o take_v security_n and_o give_v protection_n in_o all_o cause_n needful_a &_o by_o ordain_v all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o right_n among_o all_o other_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o seignieury_n as_o of_o their_o own_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o cognizance_n and_o jurisdiction_n high_a and_o low_o touch_v those_o law_n statute_n ordinance_n &_o countermand_v and_o all_o other_o act_n which_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o a._n d._n b._n admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o say_v sovereign_a protection_n together_o with_o the_o conusance_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o all_o thing_n before_o mention_v thereunto_o appertain_v except_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n to_o their_o sovereign_a king_n of_o england_n for_o default_n of_o do_v right_o or_o give_v wrong_a judgement_n and_o especial_o in_o make_v restraint_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v security_n for_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n bearing_z arm_n on_o the_o sea_n or_o ship_n sail_v otherwise_o apparel_v or_o furnish_v than_o belong_v to_o ship_n of_o merchandise_n and_o in_o all_o other_o point_n in_o which_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n of_o suspicion_n against_o they_o touch_v robbery_n or_o other_o misdemeanour_n beside_o the_o jurisdiction_n extraordinary_a of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n concern_v protection_n against_o depredation_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o mr._n selden_n write_v his_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n be_v over_o the_o person_n and_o good_n movable_a which_o come_v under_o his_o judicature_n by_o occasion_n of_o business_n relate_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o french_a and_o other_o admiral_n but_o be_v also_o warrant_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o ancient_a and_o late_a patent_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o which_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n ahthority_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v express_o &_o full_o declare_v as_o follow_v 16._o damus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la &c._n &c._n we_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o n._n the_o office_n of_o our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n &_o wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o we_o make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v he_o governor_n general_n of_o our_o navy_n and_o sea_n of_o the_o kingdom_n aforesaid_a and_o be_v it_o further_o know_v that_o we_o of_o our_o special_a grace_n and_o certain_a knowledge_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o same_o our_o great_a admiral_n and_o governor_n of_o our_o navy_n all_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n liberty_n office_n fee_n profit_n preeminence_n and_o privilege_n whatsoever_o belong_v or_o appertain_v so_o far_o be_v
themselves_o persuade_v and_o will_v persuade_v other_o to_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n but_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n only_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o case_n happen_v within_o such_o a_o place_n that_o make_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n or_o a_o testament_n be_v make_v at_o sea_n the_o admiral_n claim_v no_o conusance_n thereof_o which_o he_o may_v do_v if_o the_o place_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o godfrey_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n say_v vareos_n that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o france_n and_o of_o the_o admiral_n be_v limit_v to_o certain_a cause_n and_o matter_n whereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o can_v judge_v but_o of_o thing_n of_o which_o the_o conusance_n belong_v unto_o they_o for_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o regulate_v only_o by_o the_o territory_n or_o place_n but_o also_o by_o the_o cause_n and_o matter_n over_o which_o a_o competent_a power_n be_v grant_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o justice_n reeves_n in_o a_o argument_n in_o communi_fw-la banco_n deliver_v alii_fw-la that_o he_o differ_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o lord_n hobard_fw-mi and_o affirm_v that_o the_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o the_o place_n give_v jurisdiction_n for_o if_o a_o man_n upon_o the_o sea_n do_v seal_v a_o lease_n or_o a_o obligation_n the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o not_o the_o admiralty_n because_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o maritime_a and_o this_o he_o say_v agree_v with_o the_o lord_n hobard_v himself_o in_o bridgemans_n case_n and_o sergeant_n calais_n in_o his_o readins_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n rule_v on_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n imperial_a and_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o but_o that_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o ship_n and_o of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o whereas_o the_o sergeant_n say_v well_o and_o i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o by_o which_o i_o suppose_v may_v be_v understand_v the_o article_n of_o the_o inquisition_n of_o quinborough_n be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n for_o further_a illustration_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a cause_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o conusance_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n of_o england_n it_o may_v be_v more_o particular_o deduce_v and_o show_v from_o these_o several_a and_o respective_a authority_n and_o first_o as_o touch_v the_o particular_a cause_n which_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o thing_n have_v be_v already_o show_v out_o of_o what_o the_o roman_n derive_v from_o the_o rhodian_a law_n and_o if_o any_o will_v be_v further_o satisfy_v he_o may_v find_v it_o perspicuous_o declare_v in_o a_o tract_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o judicio_fw-la maritimo_fw-la wherein_o the_o particular_a cause_n not_o only_o civil_a but_o also_o criminal_a concern_v navigation_n &_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n be_v summary_o set_v down_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o touch_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v less_o obvious_a it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o particular_a case_n therein_o be_v as_o first_o touch_v ship_n hire_v for_o sea-voyage_n and_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o same_o 1_o how_o master_n and_o mariner_n be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v when_o the_o merchant_n provide_v not_o his_o good_n ready_a to_o be_v lade_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o 2_o how_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o company_n before_o he_o put_v out_o of_o the_o harbour_n and_o proceed_v with_o their_o advice_n and_o what_o he_o be_v liable_a unto_o if_o he_o do_v otherwise_o 3_o how_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n when_o the_o merchant_n be_v prejudice_v by_o his_o stay_n in_o any_o place_n and_o be_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o voyage_n 4_o how_o the_o master_n in_o case_n his_o ship_n be_v disable_v by_o some_o misfortune_n may_v repair_v it_o or_o hire_v another_o or_o if_o the_o merchant_n refuse_v what_o freight_n may_v be_v demand_v second_o touch_v the_o safe_a keep_n and_o deliver_v of_o good_n receive_v into_o the_o ship_n 1_o how_o the_o merchant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v if_o his_o good_n be_v damnify_v in_o the_o ship_n by_o evil_a stow_n or_o other_o bad_a usage_n and_o how_o the_o master_n and_o company_n may_v clear_v themselves_o 2_o how_o the_o master_n and_o company_n be_v liable_a unto_o the_o merchant_n if_o any_o good_n bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o discharge_n miscarry_v in_o the_o unlade_v by_o occasion_n of_o the_o tackle_n or_o cordage_n which_o be_v find_v unfit_a three_o touch_v the_o engage_v of_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n 1_o first_o whether_o the_o master_n want_v mean_n to_o proceed_v in_o his_o voyage_n may_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o the_o ship_n without_o commission_n from_o the_o owner_n and_o how_o and_o in_o what_o case_n he_o may_v engage_v some_o tackle_n or_o furniture_n of_o the_o ship_n 2_o how_o far_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o master_n may_v intermeddle_v with_o the_o merchant_n good_n and_o if_o he_o dispose_v of_o any_o how_o he_o be_v to_o make_v account_n and_o give_v satisfaction_n four_o touch_v contribution_n to_o be_v make_v for_o loss_n upon_o occasion_n of_o common_a danger_n 1_o first_o how_o the_o master_n with_o advice_n of_o those_o in_o the_o ship_n or_o otherwise_o in_o extremity_n of_o tempest_n may_v cast_v out_o some_o man_n good_n to_o save_v themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n and_o how_o average_n or_o contribution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v 2_o how_o the_o master_n in_o the_o tempest_n cut_a down_o his_o mast_n and_o cast_v it_o over_o board_n to_o save_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n aught_o to_o have_v satisfaction_n from_o those_o who_o good_n be_v save_v five_o touch_v damage_n do_v by_o or_o betwixt_o several_a ship_n first_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v bear_v when_o a_o ship_n sail_v into_o a_o port_n bruise_n or_o break_v another_o ship_n ride_v there_o at_o anchor_n second_o how_o if_o two_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n in_o a_o haven_n and_o the_o water_n be_v low_a the_o master_n of_o the_o one_o observe_v some_o danger_n from_o the_o anchor_n of_o the_o other_o may_v give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o master_n of_o that_o ship_n and_o if_o he_o neglect_v to_o remove_v it_o may_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v do_v by_o his_o own_o company_n and_o if_o he_o be_v hinder_v therein_o and_o damage_n do_v what_o reparation_n may_v be_v recover_v six_o touch_v the_o charge_n for_o hire_v of_o pilot_n and_o their_o duty_n 1_o the_o master_n be_v bind_v by_o charter-party_n to_o pay_v pilotage_n in_o what_o place_n and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v bind_v thereunto_o 2_o how_o far_o the_o pilot_n be_v liable_a to_o make_v satisfaction_n of_o the_o ship_n miscarriage_n under_o his_o charge_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v bind_v when_o he_o have_v bring_v she_o into_o the_o harbour_n if_o she_o miscarry_v by_o misplace_v there_o there_o be_v many_o other_o case_n contain_v among_o these_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v for_o our_o purpose_n as_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n do_v contain_v judgement_n or_o verdict_n especial_o in_o civil_a cause_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o maritime_a judicature_n so_o in_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n be_v present_v matter_n criminal_a and_o offence_n concern_v which_o ancient_o inquiry_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o these_o head_n as_o first_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o 1_o of_o such_o as_o do_v furnish_v the_o enemy_n with_o victual_n and_o ammunition_n and_o of_o such_o as_o do_v traffic_n with_o the_o enemy_n without_o special_a licence_n 2_o of_o traitor_n good_n detain_v in_o ship_n and_o conceal_v from_o the_o king_n 3_o of_o pirate_n their_o receiver_n maintainer_n and_o comforter_n 4_o of_o murder_n manslaughter_n maim_n and_o pety-felony_n commit_v in_o ship_n 5_o of_o ship_n arrest_v for_o the_o king_n service_n break_v the_o arrest_n and_o of_o sergeant_n of_o the_o admiralty_n who_o for_o money_n discharge_v ship_n arrest_v for_o the_o king_n service_n and_o of_o mariner_n who_o have_v take_v pay_v run_v away_o from_o the_o king_n service_n second_o offence_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o 1_o of_o ship_n transport_v gold_n and_o silver_n 2_o of_o carry_v corn_n over_o sea_n without_o special_a licence_n 3_o of_o such_o as_o turn_v away_o merchandize_n or_o victual_n from_o the_o king_n port_n 4_o of_o forestaller_n regrator_n and_o of_o such_o as_o use_v false_a measure_n balance_n
always_o that_o if_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o other_o find_v himself_o grieve_v or_o damnify_v by_o negligent_a keep_n of_o his_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n or_o by_o long_a delay_n or_o protract_v of_o time_n in_o make_v of_o the_o voyage_n by_o the_o say_a owner_n his_o master_n or_o any_o of_o the_o mariner_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n otherwise_o than_o shall_v be_v agree_v in_o or_o by_o the_o say_a charter-party_n not_o have_v be_v leâ—ten_o by_o wind_n or_o weather_n he_o shall_v and_o may_v have_v his_o remedy_n by_o way_n of_o complaint_n before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n against_o the_o say_a owner_n or_o master_n who_o shall_v or_o may_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n take_v such_o order_n therein_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o their_o discretion_n most_o convenient_a and_o according_a to_o right_n and_o justice_n in_o that_o behalf_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o case_n express_v be_v for_o the_o merchant_n to_o recover_v satisfaction_n for_o delay_n or_o damage_n do_v to_o their_o good_n according_a to_o the_o charter-party_n from_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a if_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n have_v dee_o perform_v their_o voyage_n may_v not_o seek_v the_o like_a remedy_n before_o the_o same_o judge_n against_o the_o merchant_n not_o observe_v the_o charter-party_n either_o in_o not_o lade_n their_o good_n within_o the_o time_n appoint_v or_o not_o pay_v the_o freight_n according_a to_o agreement_n in_o the_o same_o contain_v and_o express_v the_o cause_n be_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la reciprocal_a and_o it_o be_v sometime_o hold_v a_o absurdity_n illud_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la judicio_fw-la terminari_fw-la potest_fw-la apud_fw-la diversos_fw-la judices_fw-la ventilari_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o declare_v that_o whereas_o difference_n grow_v upon_o policy_n of_o assurance_n have_v be_v order_v by_o discreet_a merchant_n approve_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n who_o do_v speedy_o decide_v those_o cause_n until_o that_o of_o late_a year_n divers_a person_n do_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o that_o arbitrary_a course_n and_o have_v seek_v to_o draw_v the_o party_n assure_v to_o seek_v their_o money_n of_o every_o several_a assurer_n by_o sules_a commence_v in_o her_o majesty_n court_n to_o their_o great_a charge_n and_o delay_n thereupon_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v give_v power_n to_o certain_a commissioner_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o order_v and_o decree_v such_o cause_n in_o a_o brief_a and_o summary_n course_n without_o formality_n of_o plead_n and_o proceed_n malines_n affirm_v 24._o that_o he_o among_o other_o be_v one_o who_o upon_o experience_n of_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o draw_n of_o those_o cause_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n solicit_v the_o parliament_n to_o pass_v that_o act._n the_o legal_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o debar_v the_o admiral_n from_o the_o conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v thing_n to_o be_v perform_v at_o sea_n or_o such_o as_o show_v that_o since_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15_o of_o rich._n 2._o chap._n 3._o and_o not_o before_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v admit_v and_o hold_v plea_n of_o charter-party_n of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o declare_v something_o concern_v mariner_n wage_n touch_v charter-party_n it_o be_v show_v first_o that_o in_o the_o 31_o of_o hen._n 6._o a_o action_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o double_a damage_n by_o william_n hore_n against_o jeffery_n unton_n who_o have_v sue_v the_o say_a hore_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o fourscore_o pound_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n of_o freightment_n of_o a_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a jeffrye_n employ_v to_o go_v towards_o island_n in_o regard_n contractus_fw-la ille_fw-la apud_fw-la novam_fw-la sarum_n infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la factus_fw-la &_o junctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la whereupon_o damage_n be_v assess_v against_o the_o defendant_n to_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o cost_n to_o 40_o l._n again_o that_o in_o the_o 28_o of_o elizabeth_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n by_o a_o deed_n indent_a which_o be_v make_v at_o thetford_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n evangelist_n constantine_n sue_v hugh_n glynn_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o not_o stay_v at_o muâ—trel_n in_o spain_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o covenant_n whereupon_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o 500_o l._n and_o in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v show_v that_o the_o issue_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o a_o place_n in_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n from_o whence_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v have_v and_o that_o therefore_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o sufficient_a sir_n christopher_n wray_n and_o the_o whole_a bench_n resolve_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v 500_o l._n beside_o the_o cost_n and_o damage_n because_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v at_o thetford_n within_o the_o realm_n concern_v policy_n of_o assurance_n that_o in_o the_o 38_o of_o hen._n 8._o in_o a_o case_n betwixt_o crane_n and_o beâ—l_n touch_v a_o promise_n make_v at_o dartmouth_n that_o the_o ship_n shall_v pass_v without_o take_v which_o be_v afterward_o surprise_v by_o the_o spaniard_n upon_o the_o high_a sea_n it_o be_v hold_v not_o determinable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o although_o the_o take_n be_v upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o promise_n be_v upon_o the_o land_n again_o that_o in_o the_o 36_o of_o elizabeth_n a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la from_o a_o policy_n of_o assurance_n where_o it_o be_v undertake_v that_o a_o ship_n shall_v sail_v safe_o from_o melcomb_n regis_fw-la to_o abbevil_n in_o france_n the_o ship_n be_v arrest_v by_o the_o french_a king_n in_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v there_o adjudge_v â—o_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o sr_n ed._n cook_n deliver_v for_o law_n in_o dowdales_n case_n cu_z combein_fw-fr le_fw-fr contract_n comme_fw-fr le_fw-fr performance_n etc._n etc._n when_o as_o well_o the_o contract_n as_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o be_v whole_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o so_o appear_v the_o trial_n fail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o here_o say_v he_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v make_v at_o london_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o therefore_o the_o trial_n of_o necessity_n shall_v be_v there_o or_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v try_v at_o all_o and_o the_o arrest_n which_o be_v in_o issue_n be_v not_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n but_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la etc._n etc._n touch_v mariner_n wage_n be_v that_o of_o the_o book_n of_o 48_o of_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o mariner_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o one_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o his_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o that_o court_n by_o the_o common_a law_n nemy_n per_fw-la ley_fw-fr mariner_n to_o these_o authority_n it_o may_v be_v reply_v in_o general_a that_o all_o but_o the_o last_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_o receive_v sense_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o rich._n 2._o that_o the_o contract_n do_v rise_v only_o there_o where_o it_o be_v make_v or_o write_v with_o out_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n and_o the_o occasion_n thereof_o from_o whence_o in_o truth_n it_o do_v more_o proper_o arise_v and_o whereas_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v in_o some_o special_a point_n ordain_v and_o declare_v otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v hold_v a_o crime_n unexcusable_a if_o a_o man_n shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o those_o authority_n touch_v the_o particular_n as_o first_o of_o the_o 31._o of_o henry_n 6._o betwixt_o hore_n and_o unton_n wherein_o double_a damage_n be_v give_v for_o sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o suit_n be_v upon_o a_o charter-party_n of_o freightment_n for_o four_o score_n pound_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o freight_n of_o the_o ship_n although_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o why_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o sue_v for_o his_o freight_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32._o of_o hen._n 8._o as_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n may_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o his_o
good_n aboard_o a_o ship_n contrary_a to_o the_o charter-party_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v if_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v show_v that_o judgement_n may_v be_v think_v not_o to_o have_v be_v ground_v so_o much_o upon_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o meaning_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o it_o be_v therein_o relate_v quia_fw-la contractus_fw-la ille_fw-la apud_fw-la novam_fw-la sarum_n factus_fw-la &_o junctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la touch_v that_o of_o the_o 28._o of_o elizabeth_n whereby_o glynn_n be_v condemn_v to_o constantine_n for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o a_o charter-party_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o 500_o l._n it_o seem_v a_o case_n far_o more_o reasonable_a though_o something_o grievous_a because_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o suit_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n may_v be_v commence_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o penalty_n as_o it_o seem_v that_o be_v for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o not_o stay_v at_o madrill_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o charter-party_n only_o that_o be_v think_v no_o conclude_a argument_n against_o a_o suit_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o fraught_v ground_v on_o a_o charter-party_n but_o whereas_o when_o in_o the_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o the_o issue_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o a_o place_n in_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n from_o whence_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v have_v sir_n edw._n cook_n say_v that_o sir_n christopher_n wray_n and_o the_o whole_a bench_n resolve_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v cost_v and_o damage_n because_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v at_o thetford_n in_o norfolk_n within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o sir_n edw._n cook_n have_v say_v that_o whether_o the_o suggestion_n in_o the_o issue_n be_v true_a or_o false_a try_v by_o a_o competent_a or_o incompetent_a jury_n yet_o if_o the_o suit_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o charter-party_n the_o conusance_n thereof_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o whether_o the_o former_a judge_n have_v proceed_v well_o or_o not_o be_v not_o material_a so_o that_o what_o be_v premise_v former_o touch_v judgement_n and_o judicial_a act_n in_o the_o first_o chap._n may_v from_o this_o case_n be_v excuse_v and_o as_o touch_v the_o infinite_a prohibition_n grant_v upon_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n concern_v charter-party_n there_o may_v be_v something_o declare_v and_o make_v appear_v reasonable_a hereafter_o in_o a_o other_o place_n as_o to_o the_o instance_n of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n hold_v tryable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n although_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 43._o of_o elizabeth_n it_o have_v be_v show_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o those_o cause_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v altogether_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o in_o regard_n sir_n edward_n cook_n reason_n in_o dowdales_n case_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o proceed_n in_o such_o business_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o other_o matter_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n something_o may_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o same_o in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n reason_n as_o first_o that_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o that_o the_o arrest_v or_o imbargo_n in_o that_o case_n have_v be_v no_o ground_n of_o a_o action_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o assumpsit_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o assumpsit_fw-la have_v produce_v a_o action_n if_o there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o arrest_n but_o what_o be_v the_o near_a and_o immediate_a ground_n of_o the_o action_n without_o doubt_n the_o arrest_n and_o what_o be_v chief_o in_o question_n not_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la for_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o be_v do_v in_o london_n but_o it_o be_v the_o arrest_n which_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v be_v in_o issue_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o common_a law_n which_o intend_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o vicinage_n intend_v it_o of_o the_o thing_n or_o matter_n which_o be_v in_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v but_o he_o further_o argue_v that_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v of_o necessity_n where_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o trial_n at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o may_v have_v savour_v of_o some_o reason_n if_o possible_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o trial_n in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v maritime_a and_o among_o merchant_n it_o may_v more_o proper_o have_v be_v try_v in_o the_o admiralty_n or_o in_o the_o assurance_n court_n without_o a_o jury_n or_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o witness_n as_o fortescue_n acknowledge_v three_o touch_v that_o of_o the_o book_n of_o 48._o of_o edward_n the_o 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o mariner_n make_v covenant_n only_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o the_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o that_o court_n by_o the_o common_a law_n not_o by_o the_o law_n mariner_n the_o occasion_n be_v that_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bâ—ought_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o obligation_n date_v at_o harflet_n in_o kent_n whereas_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v make_v in_o normandy_n and_o the_o consideration_n be_v service_n do_v in_o war_n in_o france_n thereupon_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n say_v that_o the_o sum_n demand_v grow_v due_a for_o service_n do_v in_o war_n the_o cause_n ought_v to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n court_n another_o as_o it_o seem_v willing_a to_o retain_v the_o cause_n say_v tâ—at_a he_o hire_v a_o man_n to_o go_v in_o a_o message_n to_o rome_n although_o the_o service_n be_v do_v in_o another_o realm_n yet_o what_o be_v due_a by_o covenant_n may_v be_v recover_v in_o that_o court_n another_o say_v if_o a_o mariner_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o one_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o his_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v by_o the_o common_a law_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v not_o a_o resolution_n of_o the_o court_n but_o a_o fuit_fw-la dic_fw-la as_o they_o say_v and_o one_o man_n opinion_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n to_o another_o purpose_n and_o the_o ground_n thereof_o may_v be_v that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o issue_n whether_o such_o a_o covenant_n be_v make_v it_o may_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o do_v not_o conclude_v but_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o service_n in_o the_o ship_n be_v perform_v on_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v try_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o confirmation_n on_o this_o point_n first_o to_o the_o 4._o request_v of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 12._o may_v 1575._o viz._n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n make_v between_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o merchant_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o according_a to_o the_o good_a meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o chap._n 14._o though_o the_o same_o charter-party_n be_v make_v with_o in_o the_o realm_n the_o answer_n be_v this_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n though_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o chap._n 14._o second_o it_o be_v agree_v unto_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o attorney_n general_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o counsel_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v before_o the_o admiral_n for_o freight_n or_o mariner_n wage_n or_o for_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n although_o the_o charter-party_n happen_v to_o be_v make_v with_o in_o the_o realm_n and_o although_o the_o money_n be_v payable_a within_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o demand_v a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v but_o if_o the_o suit_n be_v for_o the_o penalty_n or_o if_o the_o question_n be_v make_v whether_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v or_o not_o or_o whether_o the_o party_n do_v release_v it_o be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n so_o that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v deny_v upon_o oath_n that_o a_o charter-party_n be_v make_v or_o a_o denial_n upon_o oath_n tender_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v there_o further_o agree_v that_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o building_n