where_o power_n and_o might_n of_o some_o potent_a person_n oppress_v justice_n and_o faithful_a judge_n for_o expound_v the_o law_n sound_o and_o true_o the_o first_o that_o i_o will_v remember_v be_v this_o in_o the_o parliament_n 28._o h._n 6._o 16._o januarij_fw-la the_o commons_o make_v suit_n that_o w._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n for_o many_o treason_n and_o other_o heinous_a crime_n commit_v by_o he_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n be_v in_o doubt_n what_o answer_n to_o give_v they_o demand_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n their_o opinion_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v commit_v and_o their_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o the_o commons_o do_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o any_o particular_a offence_n but_o with_o general_a slander_n and_o report_n and_o therefore_o because_o the_o specialty_n be_v not_o show_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v commit_v this_o opinion_n be_v allow_v and_o thereupon_o 28._o januarij_fw-la the_o commons_o exhibit_v certain_a special_a article_n against_o he_o viz._n that_o he_o conspire_v with_o the_o french_a king_n to_o invade_v the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o tower_n 2_o in_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 31._o h._n 6._o in_o the_o vacation_n the_o parliament_n be_v continue_v by_o prorogation_n thomas_n thorpe_n the_o speaker_n be_v condemn_v in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n damage_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v against_o he_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o same_o after_o when_o the_o parliament_n be_v reassembled_a the_o commons_o make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v thorpe_n the_o speaker_n deliver_v for_o the_o good_a exploit_n of_o the_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n counsel_n declare_v the_o whole_a case_n at_o large_a the_o lord_n demand_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n whether_o in_o that_o case_n thorpe_n ought_v to_o be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n the_o judge_n make_v this_o answer_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o determine_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n but_o for_o the_o declaration_n of_o proceed_v in_o low_a coutts_n in_o case_n where_o write_v of_o supersedeas_fw-la for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v bring_v unto_o they_o they_o answer_v that_o if_o any_o person_n that_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v arrest_v in_o such_o case_n as_o be_v not_o for_o treason_n or_o felony_n or_o for_o surety_n of_o peace_n or_o condemnation_n have_v before_o the_o parliament_n it_o be_v use_v that_o such_o person_n be_v release_v and_o may_v make_v attorney_n so_o as_o they_o may_v have_v their_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n free_o to_o intend_v the_o parliament_n hereupon_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o thorpe_n shall_v still_o remain_v in_o prison_n according_a to_o the_o law_n 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what_o word_n pass_v in_o that_o case_n between_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o that_o worthy_a judge_n fineux_n 4_o if_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v in_o parliament_n upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o high_a house_n alone_o without_o the_o commons_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o error_n but_o that_o be_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v to_o inform_v they_o what_o the_o law_n be_v and_o so_o to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o judgement_n and_o if_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_a than_o commandment_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o do_v execution_n according_o and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o anno_fw-la 17._o r._n 2._o in_o a_o written_a of_o error_n bring_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o lichfield_n against_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o new-port-panell_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n but_o if_o the_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v than_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v to_o proceed_v to_o execution_n of_o the_o judgement_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o flowerdewe_n case_n p._n 1._o h._n 7._o fol._n 19_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o all_o such_o write_v of_o error_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o for_o their_o judgement_n therein_o they_o be_v inform_v and_o guide_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o do_v not_o follow_v their_o own_o opinion_n or_o discretion_n otherwise_o this_o extravagant_a discourse_n touch_v proclamation_n and_o judge_n opinion_n deliver_v in_o parliament_n and_o how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v regard_v i_o have_v think_v material_a and_o necessary_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n wherein_o we_o live_v and_o the_o matter_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o i_o think_v have_v be_v too_o light_o pass_v over_o but_o if_o you_o condemn_v it_o as_o impertinent_a i_o must_v then_o confess_v i_o have_v presume_v too_o much_o upon_o your_o patience_n i_o pray_v you_o bear_v with_o i_o it_o be_v but_o my_o labour_n lose_v and_o a_o little_a time_n mis-spend_v if_o it_o seem_v so_o unto_o you_o you_o be_v wont_a to_o pardon_v great_a fault_n call_v it_o either_o a_o pastime_n or_o waste-time_n as_o please_v you_o now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o case_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n the_o general_a question_n have_v have_v this_o passage_n by_o proclamation_n question_n by_o commission_n and_o by_o debate_v in_o parliament_n remain_v yet_o without_o conclusion_n or_o judgement_n and_o as_o every_o man_n abound_v in_o his_o own_o sense_n so_o every_o one_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o opinion_n special_o those_o that_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o grave_a resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o parliament_n which_o although_o some_o may_v term_v and_o account_v as_o bare_a opinion_n i_o must_v always_o value_n and_o esteem_v as_o a_o real_a and_o absolute_a judgement_n now_o i_o say_v 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forget_v the_o defendant_n counsel_n man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o in_o their_o profession_n inferior_a to_o none_o of_o their_o quality_n and_o degree_n man_n conversant_a and_o well_o exercise_v in_o the_o question_n and_o such_o as_o in_o the_o great_a conference_n in_o parliament_n most_o of_o they_o be_v special_o select_v &_o choose_a for_o so_o they_o well_o deserve_v as_o most_o sufficient_a able_a and_o fit_a as_o well_o for_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n as_o for_o all_o other_o gift_n of_o wit_n and_o nature_n to_o handle_v so_o great_a and_o rare_a a_o question_n and_o although_o it_o have_v please_v they_o of_o their_o good_a discretion_n to_o use_v the_o pain_n but_o of_o a_o few_o in_o the_o debate_n and_o argue_v of_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n yet_o no_o doubt_n that_o be_v do_v upon_o mature_a deliberation_n and_o conference_n with_o all_o the_o residue_n
a_o le_fw-mi plaintiff_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o in_o ancient_a time_n one_o present_a aid_v comfort_a and_o assist_v to_o a_o murder_n be_v take_v to_o be_v no_o principal_n but_o a_o accessory_n as_o it_o appear_v m._n 40._o edw._n 3._o fol._n 42._o &_o 40._o li._n ass_n p._n 8._o &_o p._n 25._o but_o now_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v judge_v a_o principal_a and_o so_o it_o be_v rule_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n m._n 4._o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o so_o plowden_n affirm_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 99_o &_o 100_o in_o civil_a cause_n in_o ancient_a time_n the_o law_n be_v houlden_v that_o he_o in_o remainder_n in_o tail_n can_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n nor_o be_v receive_v upon_o default_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n but_o afterward_o the_o law_n be_v often_o judge_v otherwise_o and_o so_o be_v the_o common_a experience_n and_o practice_v at_o this_o day_n in_o anno_fw-la 40._o ed._n 3._o 28._o fynchden_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a place_n sai_z that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o vicar_n can_v not_o have_v a_o action_n against_o the_o parson_n but_o he_o say_v the_o contrary_a be_v use_v at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v the_o better_a in_o ancient_a time_n a_o disseisee_n can_v not_o enter_v upon_o the_o feoffee_n of_o the_o disseisor_n for_o save_v of_o the_o warranty_n but_o for_o many_o year_n the_o law_n have_v be_v houlden_v otherwise_o and_o so_o the_o common_a practice_n yet_o remain_v by_o this_o rule_n it_o be_v also_o word_n that_o word_n be_v take_v and_o construe_v sometime_o by_o extension_n sometime_o by_o restriction_n sometime_o by_o implication_n sometime_o a_o disiunctive_a for_o a_o copulative_a a_o copulative_a for_o a_o disiunctive_a the_o present_a tense_n for_o the_o future_a the_o future_a for_o the_o present_a sometime_o by_o equity_n out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o word_n sometime_o word_n take_v in_o a_o contrary_a sense_n sometime_o figurative_o as_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la contento_fw-it and_o many_o other_o like_a and_o of_o all_o these_o example_n be_v infinite_a as_o well_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o common_a law_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o reverend_a judge_n have_v have_v a_o grave_a regard_n in_o their_o proceed_n counsel_n that_o before_o they_o will_v resolve_v or_o give_v judgement_n in_o such_o new_a case_n they_o desire_v to_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n privy_a counsel_n as_o appear_v in_o diverse_a case_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o time_n r._n vv._n assault_v adam_n brabson_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n at_o winchester_n 1._o for_o which_o a._n b._n complain_v by_o bill_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n allege_v this_o offence_n to_o be_v in_o despite_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n to_o his_o damage_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n r._n vv._n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o damage_n tax_v to_o ten_o pound_n thereupon_o the_o judge_n award_v he_o to_o prison_n in_o the_o sheriff_n keep_v and_o for_o the_o fine_a and_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v further_o do_v for_o the_o king_n for_o the_o assault_n do_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n they_o will_v have_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n counsel_n 174_o for_o in_o a_o like_a case_n because_o r._n c._n do_v strike_v a_o jurour_n at_o westminster_n which_o pass_v in_o a_o enquest_n against_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o all_o the_o counsel_n that_o his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o his_o land_n and_o good_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n these_o be_v the_o word_n in_o the_o book_n in_o this_o case_n i_o note_v three_o thing_n 1._o the_o judge_n consult_v with_o the_o counsel_n 2._o they_o have_v a_o like_a case_n before_o when_o the_o counsel_n be_v also_o consult_v with_o viz._n anno_fw-la 19_o e._n 3._o and_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v in_o this_o case_n before_o they_o have_v again_o consult_v with_o the_o counsel_n 3._o that_o 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sue_v to_o the_o counsel_n and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o do_v we_o will_v and_o otherwise_o not_o in_o this_o case_n greene_n and_o thorpe_n be_v send_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o king_n counsel_n where_o there_o be_v 24._o bishop_n and_o earl_n to_o demand_v of_o they_o 34_o whether_o by_o the_o statute_n 14._o ed._n 3._o ca._n 6._o a_o word_n may_v be_v amend_v in_o a_o writ_n aswell_o as_o a_o letter_n or_o a_o syllable_n for_o the_o statute_n speak_v but_o of_o a_o letter_n or_o a_o syllable_n &_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v amend_v for_o there_o can_v be_v a_o word_n without_o a_o syllable_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o nice_a question_n of_o so_o sage_a man_n thus_o arbitria_fw-la judicum_fw-la and_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la have_v be_v receive_v allow_v and_o reverence_v in_o all_o time_n as_o positive_a law_n and_o so_o it_o must_v be_v still_o for_o otherwise_o much_o mischief_n and_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v for_o new_a case_n happen_v every_o day_n no_o law_n ever_o be_v or_o ever_o can_v be_v make_v that_o can_v provide_v remedy_n for_o all_o future_a case_n or_o comprehend_v all_o circumstance_n of_o humane_a action_n which_o judge_n be_v to_o determine_v therefore_o when_o such_o happen_v and_o complaint_n be_v make_v what_o shall_v judge_n do_v shall_v they_o give_v no_o remedy_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v shall_v they_o stay_v for_o a_o parliament_n discretion_n interim_n patitur_fw-la iustus_fw-la they_o must_v therefore_o follow_v dictamen_fw-la rationis_fw-la and_o so_o give_v speedy_a justice_n and_o in_o many_o matter_n of_o material_a circumstauce_n they_o must_v guide_v themselves_o by_o discretion_n as_o in_o judge_v upon_o presumption_n to_o discern_v which_o be_v presumptiones_fw-la temerariae_fw-la which_o probabiles_fw-la which_o violentae_fw-la so_o for_o time_n what_o be_v a_o convenient_a time_n and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o waste_n what_o be_v waste_a punishable_a and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o tender_v of_o money_n what_o be_v a_o convenient_a place_n for_o tender_a of_o money_n and_o what_o not_o and_o what_o be_v a_o lawful_a tender_a and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o disparagement_n what_o be_v a_o disparagement_n and_o what_o not_o and_o so_o of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n which_o be_v infinite_a if_o it_o be_v say_v for_o so_o some_o have_v say_v that_o if_o this_o be_v thus_o object_n than_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v uncerten_a uncerten_a and_o so_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n by_o which_o the_o people_n be_v govern_v be_v too_o pliable_a and_o too_o weak_a and_o uncerten_a by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v respon_n that_o all_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v uncerten_a for_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o most_o universal_a and_o general_a law_n in_o the_o world_n they_o hold_v the_o same_o rule_n and_o order_n in_o all_o case_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o such_o case_n be_v infinite_a for_o as_o i_o say_v new_a case_n spring_v every_o day_n as_o malice_n and_o fraud_n increase_v and_o since_o the_o roman_a impire_n begin_v most_o of_o their_o law_n be_v either_o edicta_fw-la principum_fw-la or_o arbitria_fw-la judicum_fw-la or_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la and_o in_o their_o judgement_n they_o be_v guide_v by_o arrest_n and_o former_a judgement_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o book_n of_o many_o that_o have_v collect_v such_o arrest_n and_o they_o attribute_v so_o much_o to_o such_o former_a judgement_n that_o as_o prysot_n equal_v they_o to_o a_o positive_a law_n so_o they_o hold_v that_o sententia_fw-la facit_fw-la ius_n &_o res_fw-la iudicata_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la accipitur_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la legis_fw-la vim_o obtinet_fw-la nay_o which_o be_v more_o uncerten_a sometime_o they_o
rely_v upon_o doctor_n opinion_n deliver_v in_o their_o prelection_n and_o treatise_n and_o when_o they_o find_v they_o vary_v and_o differ_v one_o from_o another_o as_o sometime_o they_o do_v than_o they_o prefer_v that_o which_o be_v communior_fw-la opinio_fw-la and_o so_o in_o good_a reason_n they_o may_v for_o pluralitas_fw-la idem_fw-la sentientium_fw-la semper_fw-la superat_fw-la quia_fw-la faciliùs_fw-la invenitur_fw-la quod_fw-la à _fw-la pluribus_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la but_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n i_o will_v ask_v of_o these_o novelist_n what_o they_o will_v have_v do_v in_o sibyl_n belknappe_n case_n if_o they_o have_v live_v in_o henry_n the_o fourth_n time_n sir_n robert_n belknappe_n 7._o that_o reverend_a and_o learned_a judge_n of_o who_o sundry_a noble_a and_o worthy_a person_n and_o some_o now_o of_o great_a &_o eminent_a place_n in_o england_n be_v descend_v be_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n relegatus_fw-la in_fw-la vasconiam_fw-la not_o for_o any_o desert_n or_o offence_n of_o he_o but_o by_o the_o might_n of_o his_o potent_a enemy_n and_o malice_n of_o the_o time_n the_o lady_n his_o wife_n continue_v in_o england_n she_o be_v wrong_v she_o bring_v a_o writ_n in_o she_o own_o name_n alone_o not_o name_v her_o husband_n exception_n be_v take_v against_o it_o because_o her_o husband_n be_v live_v and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v good_a and_o she_o recover_v and_o the_o judge_n markeham_n say_v ecce_fw-la modo_fw-la mirum_fw-la quòd_fw-la foemina_fw-la fert_fw-la breve_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la nominando_fw-la virum_fw-la coniunctum_fw-la robore_fw-la legis_fw-la here_o be_v a_o rare_a and_o a_o new_a case_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o defer_v until_o a_o parliament_n it_o be_v judge_v and_o her_o wrong_n be_v right_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o that_o ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la judicum_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la responsis_fw-la prudentum_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o be_v count_v mirum_fw-la with_o a_o ecce_fw-la now_o to_o apply_v this_o 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those_o argument_n i_o will_v use_v a_o few_o word_n more_o touch_v some_o rule_n which_o i_o have_v read_v for_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n there_o be_v a_o grave_n and_o learned_a writer_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o set_v down_o four_o way_n &_o form_n of_o interpretation_n of_o law_n law_n that_o be_v first_o interpretatio_fw-la historica_fw-la second_o etymologica_fw-la three_o analogica_fw-la four_a practica_fw-la in_o the_o argument_n of_o this_o case_n all_o these_o form_n have_v be_v use_v and_o large_o handle_v and_o the_o two_o first_o be_v those_o that_o seem_v but_o light_a to_o i_o and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n have_v be_v too_o much_o stand_v upon_o and_o over-weighed_n for_o the_o historical_a interpretation_n historica_fw-la it_o be_v always_o dark_a obscure_a and_o uncerten_a of_o what_o kingdom_n country_n or_o place_n soever_o you_o speak_v i_o do_v always_o and_o only_o except_o the_o divine_a history_n write_v in_o the_o bible_n livy_n say_v in_o tanta_fw-la rerum_fw-la vetustate_fw-la multi_fw-la temporis_fw-la errores_fw-la implicantur_fw-la saint_n augustine_n speak_v of_o the_o suppose_a book_n of_o henoch_n say_v libri_fw-la isti_fw-la ob_fw-la nimiam_fw-la antiquitatem_fw-la reijciuntur_fw-la wherefore_o for_o this_o part_n let_v this_o suffice_v whether_o in_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v one_o or_o several_a kingdom_n in_o great_a britain_n or_o one_o or_o several_a monarch_n and_o king_n of_o these_o two_o great_a &_o famous_a kingdom_n in_o great_a britain_n the_o king_n our_o sovereign_n be_v lawful_o and_o lineal_o descend_v of_o the_o first_o great_a monarch_n and_o king_n of_o both_o the_o kingdom_n fergus_n and_o that_o by_o so_o long_a a_o continue_a line_n of_o lawful_a descent_n inas_fw-la as_o therein_o he_o exceed_v all_o the_o king_n that_o the_o world_n now_o know_v and_o therefore_o to_o inquire_v further_o of_o historical_a knowledge_n in_o this_o case_n i_o hold_v it_o needless_a for_o the_o etymologicall_a interpretation_n etymologica_fw-la there_o have_v be_v very_o much_o say_v even_o as_o much_o as_o wit_n and_o art_n can_v devise_v there_o have_v be_v allege_v many_o definition_n description_n distinction_n difference_n division_n subdivision_n allusion_n of_o word_n extension_n of_o word_n construction_n of_o word_n and_o nothing_o leave_v unsearched_a to_o find_v what_o be_v ligeantia_fw-la allegiantia_fw-la fides_n obedientia_fw-la subiectio_fw-la subditi_fw-la and_o who_o be_v aborigines_n indigenae_fw-la alienigenae_fw-la aduenticij_fw-la denizati_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o much_o of_o this_o have_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o some_o writer_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n among_o who_o the_o etymologicall_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n ligeus_n and_o ligeantia_fw-la be_v as_o uncerten_a and_o doubtful_a as_o it_o be_v with_o our_o common_a lawyer_n and_o so_o upon_o any_o of_o these_o there_o can_v be_v any_o certain_a rule_n find_v for_o judge_n to_o judge_v by_o especial_o in_o new_a and_o rare_a case_n as_o for_o definition_n ulpian_n teach_v we_o omnis_fw-la definitio_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la est_fw-la periculosa_fw-la and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o definitio_fw-la est_fw-la duplex_fw-la propria_fw-la quae_fw-la constat_fw-la ex_fw-la genere_fw-la &_o differentia_fw-la impropria_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o descriptio_fw-la voco_fw-la &_o est_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la rei_fw-la designatio_fw-la so_o definition_n and_o description_n be_v often_o confound_v and_o both_o uncerten_a then_o since_o both_o be_v uncerten_a and_o dangerous_a i_o will_v leave_v both_o and_o seek_v a_o more_o certain_a rule_n to_o judge_v by_o as_o for_o etymology_n of_o word_n i_o agree_v with_o he_o which_o say_v it_o be_v levis_fw-la &_o fallax_fw-la &_o plerumque_fw-la ridicula_fw-la it_o be_v a_o pedant_n grammarian_n fault_n marcus_z varro_z and_o other_o have_v be_v note_v for_o it_o and_o if_o you_o examine_v the_o example_n which_o some_o do_v bring_v you_o will_v perceive_v how_o ridiculous_a and_o vain_a it_o be_v so_o this_o rule_n will_v not_o serve_v to_o find_v out_o that_o which_o we_o seek_v for_o these_o be_v but_o tendiculae_fw-la verborum_fw-la &_o aucupationes_fw-la syllabarum_fw-la as_o one_o call_v they_o it_o may_v have_v some_o use_n and_o serve_v a_o turn_n in_o school_n but_o it_o be_v too_o light_a for_o judgement_n in_o law_n and_o for_o the_o seat_n of_o justice_n aquinas_n set_v down_o a_o more_o certain_a rule_n in_o vocibus_fw-la videndum_fw-la non_fw-la tà m_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la quam_fw-la ad_fw-la quid_fw-la sumantur_fw-la and_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v sensu_fw-la currenti_fw-la for_o use_n &_o custom_n be_v the_o best_a expositor_n both_o of_o law_n and_o word_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la &_o ius_fw-la &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la wherefore_o of_o the_o many_o and_o diverse_a distinction_n division_n and_o subdivision_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o this_o case_n i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o but_o confusum_fw-la est_fw-la quicquid_fw-la in_o puluerem_fw-la sectum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o will_v conclude_v with_o bishop_n jewel_n a_o man_n may_v wander_v and_o miss_v his_o way_n in_o mist_n of_o distinction_n then_o leave_v these_o historical_a and_o etymologicall_a interpretation_n etc._n and_o these_o curious_a and_o subtle_a distinction_n and_o division_n i_o say_v ligeantia_fw-la or_o allegiantia_fw-la understand_v sensu_fw-la currenti_fw-la be_v vinculum_fw-la fidei_fw-la &_o obedientiae_fw-la as_o justice_n daniel_n say_v well_o and_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o under_o the_o king_n obedience_n be_v the_o king_n liege_n subject_n and_o bear_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o ancient_a word_n which_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v use_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la francia_fw-la and_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v a_o stranger_n or_o alien_n to_o the_o king_n or_o in_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v inhable_v to_o have_v land_n in_o england_n and_o to_o sue_v and_o be_v sue_v in_o any_o real_a action_n for_o the_o same_o and_o ligeantia_fw-la have_v
will_v spare_v to_o speak_v what_o i_o think_v for_o chrysostome_n teach_v i_o qui_fw-la laudatur_fw-la infacie_n flagellatur_fw-la in_o cord_n in_o seek_v out_o this_o depth_n of_o reason_n the_o same_o author_n give_v a_o caution_n 119._o which_o be_v this_o vitium_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la genere_fw-la fugi_fw-la debet_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-fr si_fw-la rationem_fw-la non_fw-la invenias_fw-la mox_fw-la legem_fw-la sine_fw-la ratione_fw-la esse_fw-la claim_v and_o in_o 36._o h._n 6._o fortescue_n say_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n which_o be_v thus_o we_o have_v many_o course_n and_o form_n which_o be_v houlden_v for_o law_n and_o have_v be_v houlden_o and_o use_v because_o of_o reason_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o reason_n be_v not_o ready_a in_o memory_n yet_o by_o study_n and_o labour_v a_o man_n may_v find_v it_o now_o when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v by_o reason_n whether_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n shall_v be_v disable_v as_o alien_n or_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n as_o natural_a bear_v subject_n there_o we_o be_v first_o to_o consider_v what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o alien_n in_o the_o dominion_n and_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o other_o foreign_a prince_n be_v nor_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n and_o sure_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o be_v note_v by_o baron_n altham_n and_o have_v since_o be_v oft_o remember_v viz._n the_o danger_n that_o may_v thereby_o come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonweal_n special_o by_o draw_v hither_o too_o great_a multitude_n of_o they_o for_o so_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v transport_v by_o they_o into_o other_o foreign_a kingdom_n and_o country_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v use_v against_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n and_o beside_o they_o may_v underhand_o practice_v sedition_n and_o rebellion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o cause_v many_o other_o danger_n and_o inconvenience_n but_o that_o reason_n can_v serve_v against_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n now_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o king_n of_o both_o the_o kingdom_n no_o more_o than_o it_o can_v serve_v against_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o ireland_n or_o gernesey_n or_o jersey_n and_o therefore_o in_o reason_n they_o be_v as_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n as_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o ireland_n and_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n be_v against_o this_o objection_n there_o have_v also_o be_v many_o objection_n make_v and_o reason_n devise_v that_o seem_v witty_a and_o have_v some_o show_n of_o probability_n to_o prove_v that_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n be_v alien_n and_o ought_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o that_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v two_o ancient_a several_a kingdom_n under_o several_a king_n and_o several_a crown_n 2._o that_o they_o continue_v yet_o several_a kingdom_n 3._o that_o they_o have_v yet_o several_a law_n several_a seal_n several_a crown_n and_o several_a king_n for_o it_o be_v say_v though_o king_n james_n be_v king_n of_o both_o and_o have_v but_o one_o natural_a body_n yet_o in_o judgement_n of_o law_n he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o two_o several_a kingdom_n as_o two_o several_a king_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o distinct_a allegiance_n according_a to_o the_o several_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o all_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o rule_n or_o fiction_n in_o law_n quando_fw-la duo_fw-la iura_fw-la concurrunt_fw-la in_o una_fw-la persona_fw-la aequum_fw-la est_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o ground_n be_v this_o new_a form_n of_o plead_v devise_v which_o the_o defendant_n have_v use_v in_o this_o case_n such_o as_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o record_n ever_o to_o have_v be_v plead_v before_o and_o may_v as_o well_o serve_v against_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o ireland_n as_o against_o the_o postnati_a of_o scotland_n and_o since_o in_o former_a time_n the_o like_a form_n of_o plead_v be_v never_o see_v against_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n which_o be_v bear_v in_o any_o of_o his_o dominion_n out_o of_o england_n as_o in_o normandy_n or_o aquitanie_n or_o in_o france_n i_o mean_v such_o part_n of_o it_o as_o be_v in_o the_o king_n possession_n and_o in_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o and_o not_o in_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o his_o enemy_n hold_v it_o may_v be_v probable_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v then_o general_o houlden_v that_o neither_o such_o a_o form_n of_o plead_v nor_o the_o matter_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a in_o law_n to_o disable_v any_o such_o plaintiff_n for_o against_o frenchman_n that_o be_v not_o under_o the_o king_n obedience_n we_o find_v it_o often_o plead_v and_o as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o bear_v under_o his_o obedience_n do_v then_o presume_v to_o bring_v suit_n and_o action_n in_o england_n so_o it_o can_v not_o be_v think_v but_o that_o the_o king_n have_v then_o so_o large_a and_o ample_a dominion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o normandy_n and_o aquitany_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o france_n some_o of_o his_o subject_n bear_v there_o have_v cause_n to_o have_v and_o do_v bring_v the_o like_a suit_n in_o england_n and_o since_o no_o such_o plea_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v then_o use_v against_o they_o it_o can_v not_o in_o law_n and_o reason_n be_v now_o allow_v against_o the_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n for_o i_o may_v say_v as_o ascue_n say_v in_o 37._o h._n 6._o our_o predecessor_n be_v as_o sage_a and_o learned_a as_o we_o be_v and_o i_o see_v not_o but_o that_o in_o this_o case_n a_o good_a argument_n may_v be_v reasonable_o deduce_v from_o the_o negative_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n report_v by_o the_o great_a learned_a and_o most_o grave_a and_o reverend_a judge_n sir_n james_n dyer_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n 376._o anno_fw-la 23._o elizab._n the_o question_n there_o be_v whether_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n give_v in_o rye_n which_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o cinqueporte_n may_v be_v reverse_a in_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a place_n at_o westminster_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o resolve_v sed_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la tale_n breve_fw-la in_o registro_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o aliquibus_fw-la praecedentibus_fw-la curiarum_fw-la praedictarum_fw-la inveniri_fw-la potuerat_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la bromley_n per_fw-la opinionem_fw-la capitalium_fw-la justiciariorum_n utriusque_fw-la banci_fw-la denegavit_fw-la tale_n breve_fw-la concedere_fw-la and_o so_o justice_n fenner_n argument_n hould_v well_o viz._n there_o be_v in_o this_o case_n no_o law_n to_o exclude_v the_o complainant_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v a_o liege_n and_o a_o natural_a bear_v subject_n but_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ed._n 1._o in_o cobledickes_n case_n which_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o hengam_n and_o the_o book_n show_v here_o by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n coke_n be_v so_o direct_a and_o plain_a for_o this_o our_o question_n as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o report_v it_o again_o that_o case_n be_v in_o effect_n and_o substance_n thus_o a_o woman_n bring_v a_o written_a of_o ayel_n against_o roger_n cobledicke_n and_o declare_v of_o the_o seisin_n of_o roger_n her_o grandfather_n and_o convey_v the_o descent_n to_o gilbert_n her_o father_n and_o from_o he_o to_o the_o demaundant_a as_o his_o daughter_n and_o heir_n the_o tenant_n plead_v that_o the_o demaundant_a be_v a_o french-woman_n and_o not_o of_o the_o ligeance_n nor_o of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o england_n and_o demand_v judgement_n if_o she_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o action_n against_o he_o this_o plea_n be_v houlden_v to_o be_v insufficient_a and_o thereupon_o the_o tenant_n amend_v his_o plea_n and_o plead_v further_o that_o the_o demaundant_a be_v not_o of_o the_o ligeance_n of_o england_n nor_o of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o king_n and_o demand_v judgement_n etc._n etc._n and_o against_o that_o plea_n none_o exception_n be_v take_v but_o thereupon_o the_o demaundant_a pray_v licence_n to_o depart_v from_o her_o writ_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o the_o first_o plea_n allege_v that_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n and_o not_o of_o the_o ligeance_n nor_o of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o england_n be_v insufficient_a and_o so_o declare_v by_o berreford_n the_o chief_a justice_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fidelity_n nor_o allegiance_n due_a to_o england_n respect_v the_o land_n and_o soil_n without_o a_o sovereign_n and_o king_n but_o the_o second_o plea_n allege_v that_o she_o be_v not_o of_o the_o ligeance_n of_o england_n nor_o of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o king_n be_v good_a and_o sufficient_a for_o to_o the_o king_n fidelity_n and_o