Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
judgement_n	bring_v	defendant_n	reverse_v	1,916	5	12.1400	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45252	The arguments of Sir Richard Hutton, Knight, one of the judges of the Common Pleas, and Sir George Croke, Knight, one of the judges of the Kings Bench together with the certificate of Sir John Denham, Knight, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, vpon a scire facias brought by the Kings Majesty in the Court of Exchequer against John Hampden, Esquire : as also, the severall votes of the Commons and Peeres in Parliament, and the orders of the Lords for the vacating of the judgement given against the said Mr. Hampden, and the vacating of the severall rolls in each severall court, wherein the judges extrajudiciall opinions in the cases made touching ship-money are entred.	England and Wales. Court of Exchequer.; Hutton, Richard, Sir, 1561?-1639.; Croke, George, Sir, 1560-1642.; Denham, John, Sir, 1559-1639.; Hampden, John, 1594-1643, defendant.; England and Wales. Parliament.; England and Wales. Sovereign (1625-1649 : Charles I)	1641 (1641)	Wing H3842; ESTC R16237	74,278	200

making up of the Sea walls and this is done by a Jury But this charge cannot bee laid upon a County or Towne in generall but particular men that have benefit or losse or may have losse or benefit thereby And this is done upon inquiry of a Jury before the Sheriffe or Commissioners appointed So it is at this day upon the Commission of Sewers as appeareth by Coke lib. 10. fol. 142. in the Case of the Isle of Ely That the Taxation by the Commissioners of Sewers must bee upon every particular man that hath or may have loss or benefit by such inundations and making up the walls and cannot be laid upon any remote parts which are out of the levell of such losse or benefit And it must be certaine and particular upon persons certaine by reason of land or profit and cannot bee laid in generall but in these Cases there is a particular losse or benefit and in particular places but in petty charges then where the Law alloweth that which in reason is to be done that may be done without a speciall Statute for De minimis non curat Lex but in this case there is a generall charge through the Kingdome which the Law doth not permit without common consent in Parliament But it hath been alledged that this charge hath been imposed for the provision of the publick safety and defence of the Kingdome And may not this bee done when every one hath advantage by it To this I say When eminent danger and cause of defence is there must bee defence made by every man when the King shall command with his person and in such a case every man as it is said in the Presidents is bound per se sua to defend the Kingdome And I thinke no man will bee so unwise but that he will exponere se sua for the defence of the Kingdome when there is danger for otherwise hee is in danger to lose se sua But to lay a charge in generall upon a Kingdome either for making or preparing of ships or money in lieu thereof is not to bee done but by Parliament when the charge is to be borne in generall of all the Subjects To prove further that no man may have his goods taken from him but by his consent appeareth by a Record in Mich. 14. Edw. 2. Rot. 60. in the Kings Bench in a Writ of errour brought upon a Judgement given in Durham where in an action of trespasse by William Heyborne against William Keylow for entring his house and breaking his Chest and taking away 70. pounds in money the Defendant pleading not guilty the Jury found a speciall verdict That the Scots having entred the Bishoprick with an Army into Durham and making great burning and spoiles the Comminalty of Durham met together at Durham whereof the Plaintiffe was one and agreed to send some to compound with them for mony to depart and were all sworn to performe what composition should bee made and to performe what ordinance they should make in that behalfe And thereupon they compounded with the Scots for 1600. Markes But because that was to bee paid immediately they all consented that William K●ylow the Defendant and others should goe into every mans house to search what ready money was there and to take it for the making of that summe and that it should bee repaid by the Comminalty of Durham And thereupon the Defendant did enter into the Plaintiffes house and did breake open the Chest and tooke the 70. pounds which was paid accordingly towards that fine The Jury were demanded whether the Plaintiffe was present and did consent to the taking of the money they said No Whereupon the Plaintiffe had judgement to recover the said 70. pounds dammages for that otherwise hee had no remedy for his money so taken and the Defendant committed in execution for the same And thereupon the Defendant Keylow brought a Writ of errour in the Kings Bench and assigned his errours in point of judgement and there the judgement was reversed Because the Plaintiffe Heyborne had his sufficient remedy against the Comminalty of Durham for his money Because hee himselfe had agreed to this ordinance and was sworn to performe it and that the Defendant did nothing but that hee assented unto by his oath and therefore is accompted to do nothing but by his consent and as a servant unto him therefore hee was no trespasser And therefore the judgement given in Durham was reversed because hee had assented to that ordinance though hee was afterwards unwilling yet having once consented his goods were lawfully taken By which it appeareth that if hee had not particularly consented such an ordinance could not have been good to bind him although this was in a case of great danger and for defence 2. R. 2. pars 12. the Parliament Roll proved this directly although it be no Act of Parliament yet the Record is much to be regarded for it sheweth what the Law was then conceived to be For Scroope the Lord Chancellour then shewed to all the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament that all the Lords and Sages had met together since the last Parliament and having considered of the great danger the Kingdome was in and how money might be raised in a case of eminent danger which could not stay the delay of a Parliament and the Kings Coffers had not sufficient therein the Record is That they all agreed that money sufficient could not bee had without laying a charge upon the Comminalty which say they cannot bee done without a Parliament And the Lords themselves for the time did supply the said necessity with mony they lent which Record proved directly that this charge without an Act of Parliament is illegall So upon this reason I conclude That this Writ compulsarily to charge the Subjects against their wills is not warranted by any Bookes and therefore illegall If this Writ should bee allowed great inconveniences would ensue which the Law alwaies will avoid and not permit any inconveniences That if such a charge may be laid upon the Counties by Writ without assent of Parliament then no man knoweth what his charge may bee for they may bee charged as often as the King pleaseth and with making as many ships and of what burthen and with what charge of munition victualls and men as shall be set downe Wherein I doubt not but if the Law were so the King being a very pious and just King would use his power very moderately but Judges in their judgements are not to looke to present times but to all future times what may follow upon their judgements That this inconvenience may bee it appeares by the Dane-geld first appointed in time of necessity to redeeme them from the cruelty of the Danes which often changed and still increased for in Anno Dom. 991. when it began it was 10000. pounds Anno Domini 994. it was increased to 16000. pounds and Anno

THE ARGVMENTS OF Sir RICHARD HUTTON Knight One of the Judges of the Common Pleas AND Sir GEORGE CROKE Knight One of the Judges of the Kings Bench TOGETHER WITH THE CERTIFICATE OF Sir JOHN DENHAM Knight One of the Barons of the Exchequer Vpon a Scire facias brought by the Kings Majesty in the Court of Exchequer against John Hampden Esquire AS ALSO The severall Votes of the Commons and 〈◊〉 PARLIAMENT and the Orders of the Lords for 〈◊〉 vacating of the Judgement given against the said 〈◊〉 Hampden and the vacating of the severall Rolls in each severall Court wherein the Judges extrajudiciall Opinions in the Cases made touching SHIP-MONEY are entred LONDON Printed by M. Flesher and R. Young the Assignes of I. More Esquire 1641. THE ARGVMENT OF Mr. Justice HUTTON A Scire facias brought by the Kings Majestie in the Exchequer against Iohn Hampden The case upon the pleading appeares to be this THE Kings Majesty by his writ under the great Seale of England bearing date the fourth day of August in the eleventh yeare of his raigne directed to the Sheriffe of the County of Buck and to the Bailiffe and Burgesses of the Borough and parish of Buckingham and to the Mayors of divers particular Townes in the said County of Buckingham and to all honest men in the same and in all the Townes Villages and places in the said County sendeth greeting reciting that where hee is given to understand that certaine Robbers Pirates and spoilers by Sea as well enemies to the name of Christians as Mahumetans and others being assembled together not onely to take and spoile our Ships and the goods and merchandizes but also the goods and merchandizes of the Subjects of our friends upon the Sea and which had of old been used to be defended at their pleasures and to take and carrie the men in those ships into most miserable captivity and there keepe them And the King doth see that they daily provide ships to vex our Merchants and grieve our Kingdome unlesse speedy remedy bee provided therein And considering the perils which in these times of war are every where imminent The King for the defence of the Sea the security of his Subjects the safe conduct of the Ships and merchandizes being willing by Gods assistance to provide the rather for that he and his progenitors Kings of England have beene Lords of the Sea And where this charge of publique defence which concerneth all ought to be supported by all as by the Laws and Customes of this Realme of England it had been done Therefore the King by his Writ commanded that a Ship of warre of the burthen of foure hundred and fifty Tunnes fitted and furnished with all things necessary for warre and one hundred and eighty men able and sufficient victualled and this to be done before the first of March And then at that time to come so prepared furnished and victualled for the space of twenty six weekes then next following and with wages for so many men of warre for that time to Portchmouth into the companie of such other ships of our Subjects and our owne as shall bee there under the government of such a man to whom before that day wee shall commit the custody of the Seas and to goe from thence with the Kings ships and the ships of other our faithfull Subjects for the defence of the Sea and the repulsing and overcomming of any whosoever which shall molest and hinder the comming in or going out of our Merchants or others upon the Seas A power is given by the writ to the Sheriffe and to the Mayors and any two of them for Corporate townes whereof the Sheriffe to be one to assesse what summes the Mayors and Corporations shall pay towards this charge if they doe not then to be done by the Sheriffe alone A generall power to the Sheriffe to assesse all the inhabitants of all other Townes Villages Hamlets and places and the Tertenants other then such as shall have a part of the said ship or shall serve in the said ship to contribute towards the necessary expence for the provision of the premises upon every man according to his estate and faculty And such portions so to be assessed upon them to levie by distresse or other due meanes A power to name Collectors And a power to commit to prison all such as the Sheriffe shall find rebellious or contradicting the premises There to remaine untill the Kings Majestie shall thinke fit to give order for their inlargement And by vertue of this writ Sir Peter Temple then Sheriffe of the said County did assesse upon the Defendant twenty shillings towards this charge which was after allowed by the succeeding Sheriff Sir Henry Proby and the Defendant was required to pay it but refused And then by a Certiorare out of the Chancery directed to those Sheriffes which had beene Sheriffes betwixt the fourth day of August in the eleventh yeare and the first of March then following to certifie what sum of money had been assessed upon the Defendant for contribution They certified the said summe of twenty shillings Then by Writ of Mittimus out of the Chancery bearing date the fift day of May in the thirteenth year of the Kings Majesties raigne the writ of 4. Augusti Anno undecimo Car. and the Schedule returned into the Chancery whereby the Defendant was so assessed are sent into the Exchequer to proceede against the Defendant for the levying of the summe of twenty shillings which he hath not paid and proceede there to do that which of right and according to the custome ought to bee done for the levying thereof In this Writ of Mittimus it is contained that the writ bearing date the fourth of August Anno 11. Car. was granted for the defence of the Realme the safegard of the Sea the security of the Subjects and for that the safety of the Kingdom of England was in danger But these causes are not expressed in the Writ but other particular causes And upon the tenours of these Writs depending in the Chancery thus sent into the Exchequer this Writ of Scire fac ' is awarded bearing date the twentieth day of May in the thirteenth yeare of the Kings Majesties raigne against the said Iohn Hampden to shew what hee hath to say for himselfe why the said summe so assessed upon him and not paid ought not by him to be satisfied and to doe further what that Court should thinke fit to order To which writ the Defendant appeared in Trinitie Tearme and praied the sight of the writ of the fourth of August and the Certiorare and the Mittimus and they are all entred in haec verba Whereupon the Defendant did demurre generally And Master Atturney generall joyned in demurrer and the Record being read there and opened the Court did adjourne it into the Exchequer Chamber before any argument there at the Barre The sole Question is Whether this Scire fac doth lye

Roy command to the Sheriffe De attach the body of the said Robert and he was attached and did appeare And by his Counsell alledged that upon this suggestion the King being not otherwise apprised by indictment or otherwise this suit did not lie for the King and the parties grieved may have their suits And thereupon the Court was advised and took time to speak with the Chancellor to see if he had any matter out of which the said Writ was awarded And afterwards because this Writ was grounded upon a suggestion against the Common Law therefore the said Robert was discharged which is a stronger Case then ours And for these reasons I conclude this Part that no Scire facias ought to be awarded in this case NOw it remains to give answer to that which hath been before objected and spoken of onely by Mr Solicitor that the Judges had before given their opinions to warrant the legality of this charge and subscribed their names First I doe affirme and it doth appear by my Argument that this Case now in question doth not concern nor contradict the matter of the Subscription for the matter whereunto the Subscription was made is That when the good and safety of the Kingdome in generall is concerned and the whole Kingdome in danger That then for the defence of the Kingdome from such danger the King may by Writ impose the provision of Ships with furniture and men But if onely there be Pirats and Robbers of the Sea assembled together by Sea to rob spoile and take the goods and marchandises that are to be brought into the Kingdome and safe conducting of the Merchants from spoile as no other particular thing is alledged in the Writ of 4. Augusti I think it will be granted that this doth not by our opinions inable the King to make such a generall charge upon that occasion But if there were an intended Invasion that known to the Kings Majesty whom it concernes most and upon such an intention in such a case of necessity which is and may be termed a time of such danger as it may be ●it to prepare fo● 〈◊〉 of the Realme Then I am of opinion that in such a case all that hath been said that Necessitas est Lex temporis and Salus Reipublicae est summa lex and then Silent inter arma leges might be just causes for that time onely to make a preparation of Ships And in this case here doth not appeare that there was not any one Ship provided or prepared by any Sheriffe The King is the sole owner and Lord of the Sea and hath power thereof And as it was agreed in a notable Case that was adjudged in the Exchequer Mich. the fourth yeare of King Iames against one Bates wherein I was then of Councell the King may lay an Imposition upon forraine commodities to be brought into this Realme for there was 5. s. laid upon every hundred weight of Currants over and besides the 2. s. 6. d. for poundage And Bates having notice of this Imposition brought in a Ship fraighted with Currants payed the 2. s. 6. d. for poundage but refused to pay the 5. s. for every hundred weight And upon information the Case was argued at the Barre and at the Bench and it wa●●djudg●d that the Imposi●ion was lawfull and that the King in his prerogative had totum dominium maris and that all the Ports were the Kings and that the King had sole power to restraine or forbid the going beyond the sea the sole appointment into what Countries the Merchants should or might trade and to appoint into what countries they should not trade And for these respects the King was to maintaine the Ports to provide for the safety of the Merchants and to cleare and scowre the narrow Seas from Pirats and Robbers for the doing whereof was added the tonnage and poundage by grant in Parliament Lastly these sudden opinions when Judges heare no Arguments are of no such force as to bind them to continue the same opinion But that when they shall have heard Arguments and be better informed they may alter and change which hath usually happened Besides as it is very well knowne wee were not all of opinion but the greater number then concurring the Subscription was for conformity as sometimes is used in such cases Lastly it hath been objected that the Defendant by his generall Demurrer hath confessed all the matters to be true which are surmised in the Scire facias To this it is answered that a Demurrer confesseth the matters of fact which are sufficiently alledged but such matters in fact as are not sufficiently alledged those are not confessed but left to the judgement of the Court See these Cases so adjudged and resolved in these Books Coke Lib. 4. fo. 43. in Hudsons Case matter sufficiently alledged est confesse And according to this it is agreed in Hindes Case in the same Book fol. 71. The very expresse Case is that of Birton upon Usury which was Anno 33. 34. Eliz. where it is adjudged that a Demurrer confesseth nothing that is insufficiently alledged as where a matter of usury is alledged and is not so sufficiently alledged that it appeares to be Usurie the Demurrer doth not confesse that to be Usurie as is pretended So likewise in this case the Demurrer general doth not nor can supply the defect of the matter which should have been comprised in the Writ of 4. Augusti The Demurrer confesseth that there was such a Writ but doth neither confesse the lawfulnesse thereof nor the defect of the insufficient alledging of any matter which should have beene contained therein And thus with as much brevity and perspicuity as want of memory and other infirmities which attend upon my age would suffer me and without either preamble or protestation I conclude with that which my brother Berkley used in the beginning of his speech That the people of this Realme are Subjects and not slaves Free-men and not villeins and therefore not to be taxed De alto basso and at will but according to the Laws of this Kingdome And therefore I conclude that neither for the matter nor for the manner this Writ of Scire facias brought in this Court of Exchequer upon the tenour thereof can be maintained And therefore in my opinion I advise the Barons to give judgement accordingly for the Defendant This is the same which I did deliver in my Argument in the same manner that I did argue FINIS THE CERTIFICATE OF Sir JOHN DENHAM Knight One of the Barons of the Exchequer concerning SHIP-MONEY 26. Maii Anno Do. 1638. MAy it please your Lordships I had provided my selfe to have made a short Argument and to have delivered my Opinion with the Reasons but by reason of want of rest this last night my old disease being upon me my sicknesse and weaknesse are greatly increased insomuch that I cannot attend

assessis onerand Ideo consideratum est per eosdem Barones quod praedictus Iohannes Hampden de eisdem viginti solidis oneretur inde satisfaciat In the matter and substance thereof and in that it was conceived that Mr Hampden was any way chargeable is against the Laws of the Realme the right of Property the liberty of the Subjects and contrary to former Resolutions in Parliament and to the Petition of Right These Votes were afterwards transmitted by the House of Commons to the Lords and delivered by Mr St Iohn now his Majesties Solicitor generall at a conference of both Houses of Parliament held 16. Car. 1640. Die Mercur. 20. die Ian. 1640. It was resolved by the Lords upon the question Nemine contradicente THat the Ship-writs the extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges therein both first and last and the Judgement given in Mr Hampdens Case and the proceedings thereupon in the Exchequer Chamber are all illegall and contrary to the Lawes and Statutes of this Realme contrary to the Rights and Proprieties of the Subjects of this Realme contrary to former Judgements in Parliaments and contrary to the Petition of Right Likewise resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat the extrajudiciall opinions inrolled in the Exchequer Chamber and in other Courts concerning Ship-money and all the proceedings thereupon are illegall in part and in whole and contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this Realm contrary to the rights and proprieties of the Subjects of this Realm and contrary to former Judgements in Parliaments and contrary to the Petition of Right Die Veneris 26. die Februarii 1640. VPon the report of the Right Honourable the Lords Committees appointed to consider of the way of vacating of the Judgement in the Exchequer concerning Ship-money It was ordered by the Lords Spirituall and Temporall in the high Court of Parliament assembled That the Lord Keeper or the Master of the Rolls the two Lo Chiefe Justices and the Lo Chiefe Baron and likewise the Chiefe Clerke of the Star-chamber shall bring into the Upper House of Parliament the Record in the Exchequer of the Judgement in Mr Hampdens Case concerning Ship-mony and also the severall Rols in each several Court of K. Bench Common Pleas Exchequer Star-chamber and Chancery wherein the Judges extrajudiciall opinions in the Cases made touching Ship-money be entred and that a Vacat shall be made in the Upper House of Parliament of the said severall Records And likewise the Judgement of Parliament touching the illegality of the said Judgements in the Exchequer and the proceedings thereupon and touching the illegality of the extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges in the said severall Courts concerning Ship-money be annexed and apostiled unto the same And that a Copie of the judgement of the Parliament concerning the illegality of the said Judgement in the Exchequer and the said extrajudiciall opinions of the said Judges concerning Ship-money be delivered to the severall Judges of Assize And that they be required to publish the same at the Assizes in each severall County within their Circuits and to take care that the same be entred and inrolled by the severall Clerks of Assizes And if any entry be made by any Custos Rotulorum or Clerke of Assize of the said Judgement in the Exchequer or of the said extrajudiciall opinions of the Judges that severall Vacats be made thereof per judicium in Parliamento And that an Act of Parliament be prepared against the said Judgement and extrajudiciall opinions and against the proceedings touching Ship-money Memorandum quod vicesimo septimo die Febr. 1640. Annoque regni Regis Dn̄i nostri Caroli Angliae decimo sexto VAcatur istud Recordum et Iudicium inde habitum per considerationē et judicium Dn̄orum Spiritual et Temporal in Curia Parliam et irrotulamentum ejusdem cancelatur Memorand quod vicesimo septimo die Feb. prae● IStud Irrot. et omnia et singula in eodē contenta et expressa vacantur per judicium Dn̄orum Spiritualium et Temporal in Curia Parliam ANd that all the Rolls be rased crosse with a pen and subscribed with the Clerke of the Parliaments hand All which was accordingly done in open Court After this it was resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat the resolutions of the Judges touching the Shipping-money and the Judgment given against Mr Hampden in the Exchequer and all the proceedings thereupon are against the Great Charter and therefore void in Law Resolved upon the Question Nemine contradicente THat Vacats and Cancellations shall be made of the Resolutions of the Judges touching the Shipping-money And of the inrolments thereof in the severall Court● and of the Warrants for Ship-writs and proceedings therein And the Judgement given against Mr Hampden and proceedings thereupon And that entries be made of those Vacats upon the severall Rolls according to the forme read in the House Eodem die ORdered that these resolutions be added to the former Judgements of this House concerning Shipping-money which the Judges are to publish at the Assizes in their severall Counties and to be entred and inrolled in the severall Counties by the Clerk of the Assizes FINIS In Iudge CROOKES Argument correct PAge 3. l. 13. reade valentioribus l. 15. r. pulvere p. 19. l. 13. r. injusto p. 21. l. 17. r. piccage p. 23. l. 16. r. Commissions p. 28. l. 7. r. proveth p. 29. l. 2. r. proveth p. 30. l. 2. r. Dane-guilt p. 35. l. 6. r. 394. a. p. 57. l. 3. r. Carlile ibid. for 35. r. 30. p. 70. l. penult r. seek for such men l. ult. dele for such men p. 74. l. 7. dele and p. 76. l. 14. continue the line p. 101. in marg. for 2. put 3. p. 106. l. 15. r. so for that cause In Iudge HUTTONS Argument Page 14. l. 10 11. reade and can admit no other p. 16. l. 17. r. to be observed p. 17. l. 19. r. humbly pray your Majesty p. 19. l. 10. r. toll Traverse p. 24. l. 20. r. Gasconie l. ult. other Statutes p 35. l. 21. dele to Petitions p. 36. l. 1. dele for l. 16. r. the record in Court p. 37. l. 6. r. The Parliament roll recites l. ult. r. fourth point p. 44. l. 20. r. these illegall p. 46. l. 9. r. per Gent●m p. 47. l. 2. r. of Argiers l. 12. r. with all the other particulars 48. l. 23. r. to lead the uses of those preceding p. 49. l. 24. r. fol. 68. p. 50. l. 22. r. it is very p. 55. l. 9. dele not p. 57. l. 17. r. Burton 28. Aprilis Anno. 14. Car. Regis Annoque Do. 1638. Buck. ss. This Writ is dated 9. Martii An. 12. Car. The Writ of Mittimus beares date the 5. of May● Anno 13. Car. Regis An. 9. H●n 3. Magna Charta cap. 29. See the l●st chapter of Magna Charta cap. 38. Statute of 25. Edw. 1. Stamford fol. 152. 25. E. 1. ca. 5. The