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judgement_n bishop_n church_n presbyter_n 1,645 5 10.1981 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A59468 The principles of the Cyprianic age with regard to episcopal power and jurisdiction asserted and recommended from the genuine writings of St. Cyprian himself and his contemporaries : by which it is made evident that the vindicator of the Kirk of Scotland is obligated by his own concession to acknowledge that he and his associates are schismaticks : in a letter to a friend / by J.S. Sage, John, 1652-1711. 1695 (1695) Wing S289; ESTC R16579 94,344 99

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where_o he_o say_v bishop_n by_o our_o lord_n allowance_n give_v the_o first_o baptism_n to_o believer_n 168._o let_v we_o turn_v over_o to_o ep._n 73._o in_o which_o he_o insist_o direct_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o baptism_n perform_v by_o heretic_n or_o schismatic_n be_v valid_a st._n cyprian_n affirm_v it_o be_v not_o his_o conclusion_n be_v such_o as_o require_v some_o other_o argument_n to_o support_v it_o than_o his_o own_o authority_n it_o be_v therefore_o needful_a that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v to_o prove_v it_o and_o that_o from_o receive_v and_o acknowledge_v principle_n now_o consider_v his_o argument_n i_o shall_v give_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v translate_v they_o it_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o where_o and_o by_o who_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n can_v be_v give_v which_o be_v give_v in_o baptism_n for_o our_o lord_n give_v first_o to_z peter_z on_o who_o he_o build_v his_o church_n thereby_o institute_v and_o demonstrate_v the_o original_a of_o unity_n that_o power_n that_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v loose_v on_o earth_n shall_v be_v loose_v in_o heaven_n and_o then_o after_o his_o resurrection_n he_o give_v it_o to_o all_o his_o apostle_n when_o he_o say_v as_o my_o father_n have_v send_v i_o etc._n etc._n joh._n 20._o v._n 21_o 22_o 23._o whence_o we_o learn_v that_o none_o can_v baptise_v authoritative_o and_o give_v remission_n of_o sin_n but_o the_o bishop_n and_o those_o who_o be_v found_v in_o the_o evangelical_n law_n and_o our_o lord_n institution_n and_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v bind_v or_o lose_v out_o of_o the_o church_n seeing_z there_o be_v none_o there_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o bind_v or_o loose_v further_n dear_a brother_n we_o want_v not_o divine_a warrant_n for_o it_o when_o we_o say_v that_o god_n have_v dispose_v all_o thing_n by_o a_o certain_a law_n and_o a_o proper_a ordinance_n and_o that_o none_o can_v usurp_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o bishop_n all_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o for_o corah_n dathan_n and_o abiram_n attempt_v to_o assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o privilege_n of_o sacrifice_v against_o moses_n and_o aaron_n the_o priest_n and_o they_o be_v punish_v for_o it_o because_o it_o be_v unlawful_a 201._o thus_o st._n cyprian_n argue_v and_o the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n lie_v visible_o in_o this_o that_o baptism_n perform_v by_o heretic_n or_o schismatic_n can_v be_v valid_a because_o not_o perform_v by_o the_o bishop_n nor_o with_o his_o allowance_n now_o whatever_o come_v of_o his_o inference_n sure_a it_o have_v be_v ridiculous_a in_o he_o to_o have_v so_o reason_v if_o his_o antecedent_n have_v not_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n neither_o be_v st._n cyprian_n singular_a in_o this_o for_o firmilian_a bishop_n of_o caesarea_n in_o cappadocia_n be_v as_o plain_a say_v as_o i_o have_v cite_v he_o before_o that_o the_o bishop_n who_o govern_v the_o church_n possess_v the_o power_n of_o baptism_n confirmation_n and_o ordination_n and_o fortunatus_n bishop_n of_o thuraboris_n another_o of_o st._n cyprian_n contemporary_n in_o his_o suffrage_n at_o the_o council_n of_o carthage_n be_v as_o plain_a as_o either_o cyprian_a or_o firmilian_a jesus_n christ_n say_v he_o our_o lord_n and_o god_n the_o son_n of_o god_n the_o father_n and_o creator_n build_v his_o church_n upon_o a_o rock_n and_o not_o upon_o heresy_n and_o give_v the_o power_n of_o baptise_v to_o bishop_n and_o not_o to_o heretic_n etc._n etc._n 17._o indeed_o before_o st._n cyprian_n time_n we_o have_v tertullian_n who_o spend_v most_o of_o his_o day_n in_o the_o second_o century_n and_o who_o in_o his_o book_n about_o baptism_n against_o quintilla_fw-la to_o the_o question_n who_o may_v baptise_v answer_v positive_o the_o highpriest_n who_o be_v the_o bishop_n have_v the_o power_n of_o baptise_v and_o after_o he_o or_o in_o subordination_n to_o he_o presbyter_n and_o deacon_n but_o not_o without_o the_o bishop_n authority_n 17._o and_o 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epistle_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n 38._o and_o in_o his_o 59th_o epistle_n have_v cite_v mal._n 2._o v._n 1_o 2._o he_o reason_n thus_o against_o all_o such_o presbyter_n as_o presume_v to_o celebrate_v the_o eucharist_n without_o the_o bishop_n allowance_n be_v glory_n give_v to_o god_n when_o his_o majesty_n and_o discipline_n be_v so_o contemn_v that_o when_o he_o say_v he_o be_v angry_a and_o full_a of_o wrath_n against_o such_o as_o sacrifice_v to_o idol_n and_o when_o he_o threaten_v they_o with_o everlasting_a pain_n and_o punishment_n sacrilegious_a person_n shall_v presume_v to_o say_v think_v not_o on_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n fear_v not_o the_o divine_a judgement_n knock_v not_o at_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n that_o they_o shall_v cut_v off_o repentance_n and_o the_o confession_n of_o sin_n and_o presbyter_n contemn_v and_o trample_v on_o their_o bishop_n shall_v preach_v peace_n with_o deceive_v word_n and_o give_v the_o communion_n etc._n etc._n 135._o and_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n very_o remarkable_a to_o this_o purpose_n which_o we_o read_v in_o a_o epistle_n of_o dionysi●s_n of_o alexandria_n to_o fabius_n of_o antioch_n both_o st._n cyprian_n contemporary_n in_o which_o he_o tell_v how_o one_o serapion_n a_o age_a man_n after_o a_o long_a perseverance_n in_o the_o christian_a faith_n have_v first_o fall_v from_o it_o in_o time_n of_o persecution_n and_o then_o into_o a_o deadly_a sickness_n how_o after_o he_o have_v be_v dumb_a and_o senseless_a for_o some_o day_n recover_v some_o use_n of_o his_o tongue_n he_o call_v quick_o for_o one_o of_o the_o presbyter_n of_o alexandria_n for_o he_o live_v in_o that_o city_n that_o he_o may_v be_v absolve_v and_o have_v the_o sacrament_n be_v persuade_v he_o shall_v not_o die_v till_o he_o shall_v be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o church_n and_o how_o the_o presbyter_n be_v sick_a also_o send_v the_o sacrament_n to_o he_o but_o by_o what_o right_a or_o authority_n by_o dionysius_n the_o bishop_n for_o say_v he_o i_o have_v command_v that_o any_o lapse_v if_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o humble_a supplicant_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v absolve_v that_o he_o may_v go_v out_o of_o this_o world_n full_a of_o good_a hope_n etc._n etc._n 14._o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o that_o city_n have_v give_v a_o command_n for_o it_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v and_o all_o this_o be_v nothing_o more_o than_o ignatius_n have_v tell_v the_o world_n long_o before_o viz._n that_o that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v deem_v a_o firm_a and_o valid_a eucharist_n which_o be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o bishop_n or_o by_o his_o authority_n 6._o let_v i_o only_o add_v one_o testimony_n more_o from_o st._n cyprian_a concern_v both_o sacrament_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o aught_o not_o to_o be_v neglect_v it_o be_v in_o his_o 69th_o epistle_n write_v to_o magnus_n the_o great_a purpose_n he_o pursue_v in_o it_o be_v to_o represent_v the_o atrocious_a gild_n of_o schism_n and_o the_o 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such_o be_v no_o church_n governor_n at_o all_o a_o bishop_n in_o st._n cyprian_n time_n as_o such_o be_v chief_a pastor_n judge_n head_n master_n rector_n governor_n of_o all_o the_o christian_n within_o his_o district_n a_o presbyterian_a moderator_n as_o such_o have_v no_o direct_a immediate_a formal_a relation_n to_o the_o people_n but_o only_o to_o the_o presbytery_n he_o be_v the_o mouth_n and_o keep_v order_n in_o the_o manner_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o presbytery_n not_o of_o the_o church_n or_o rather_o church_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o that_o presbytery_n but_o a_o bishop_n in_o st._n cyprian_n time_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n his_o prelacy_n whatever_o it_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o laity_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o clergy_n st._n cyprian_n e._n g._n to_o as_o many_o christian_n as_o require_v the_o subordinate_a labour_n of_o at_o least_o eight_o presbyter_n cornelius_n too_o as_o many_o as_o require_v the_o subordinate_a labour_n of_o forty_o 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one_o church_n can_v be_v both_o within_o and_o without_o if_o therefore_o the_o true_a church_n be_v with_o novatianus_n she_o be_v not_o with_o cornelius_n but_o if_o she_o be_v with_o cornelius_n who_o succeed_v to_o bishop_n fabianus_n by_o lawful_a ordination_n and_o who_o god_n honour_v with_o martyrdom_n as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n novatianus_n be_v not_o in_o the_o church_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o a_o bishop_n who_o contemn_v the_o evangelical_n and_o apostolical_a tradition_n and_o succeed_v to_o none_o have_v spring_v from_o himself_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n either_o have_v or_o hold_v a_o church_n who_o be_v not_o ordain_v in_o the_o church_n for_o the_o church_n can_v be_v without_o herself_o nor_o divide_v against_o herself_o etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o our_o lord_n recommend_v to_o we_o the_o unity_n which_o be_v of_o divine_a institution_n say_v i_o and_o my_o father_n be_v one_o and_o again_o oblige_v the_o 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least_o for_o entertain_v the_o vain_a conceit_n that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o counter-act_n it_o 43._o and_o when_o maximus_n urbanus_fw-la sidonius_n macarius_n etc._n etc._n desert_a novatianus_n and_o return_v to_o cornelius_n his_o communion_n they_o make_v a_o solemn_a confession_n that_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o that_o same_o common_a maxim_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v look_v upon_o novatianus_n as_o a_o false_a and_o schismatical_a bishop_n we_o know_v say_v they_o that_o cornelius_n be_v choose_v bishop_n of_o the_o most_o holy_a catholic_n church_n by_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n and_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ._n we_o confess_v our_o error_n we_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o be_v circumvent_v by_o perfidy_n and_o ensnare_a sophistry_n for_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o there_o be_v one_o god_n one_o christ_n our_o lord_n who_o we_o have_v confess_v one_o holy-ghost_n and_o that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o a_o catholic_n church_n 93._o 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of_o idolatry_n and_o blasphemy_n be_v say_v to_o have_v lay_v it_o down_o and_o to_o have_v confess_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v favourable_o deal_v by_o if_o thereafter_o he_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o communion_n of_o laic_n 67._o we_o have_v instance_n of_o deposition_n in_o the_o same_o basilides_n and_o martialis_n ibid._n in_o marcianus_n 68_o privatus_fw-la lambesitanus_n 36._o evaristus_n 52._o fortunatianus_n 65._o and_o perhaps_o some_o more_o however_o these_o three_o i_o say_v be_v the_o only_a cause_n in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v a_o lawful_a vacancy_n 3._o when_o a_o see_v be_v thus_o canonical_o vacant_a it_o be_v fill_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o the_o vacancy_n be_v meet_v choose_v and_o ordain_v one_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n who_o he_o be_v to_o govern._n this_o st._n cyprian_n with_o other_o 36_o bishop_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o divine_a institution_n and_o apostolical_a observation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a form_n not_o only_o in_o africa_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n all_o the_o world_n over_o 10._o i_o know_v it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o a_o bishop_n in_o those_o time_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n or_o only_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n but_o my_o present_a purpose_n do_v not_o engage_v i_o in_o that_o controversy_n 4._o but_o election_n be_v not_o enough_o tho'_o the_o person_n elect_v be_v already_o a_o presbyter_n and_o in_o priestly_a order_n yet_o when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v promoted_n to_o a_o bishopric_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v a_o new_a imposition_n of_o hand_n a_o new_a ordination_n his_o former_a order_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o that_o supreme_a office_n thus_o e._n g._n st._n cyprian_n be_v first_o a_o presbyter_n and_o then_o ordain_v bishop_n of_o carthage_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v
all_o conscience_n it_o ought_v it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a to_o prove_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n more_o demonstrative_o then_o be_v please_v only_o to_o consider_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n that_o be_v betwixt_o this_o principle_n and_o that_o which_o i_o be_o next_o to_o prove_v and_o that_o be_v second_o that_o by_o the_o principle_n of_o those_o time_n a_o bishop_n cononical_o promoted_n be_v supreme_a in_o his_o church_n immediate_o subject_a to_o jesus_n christ_n independent_a on_o any_o unaccountable_a to_o any_o earthly_a ecclesiastical_a superior_a there_o be_v no_o universal_a bishop_n then_o under_o jesus_n christ_n who_o may_v be_v the_o supreme_a visible_a head_n of_o the_o catholic_n visible_a church_n there_o be_v indeed_o a_o universal_a bishopric_n but_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v by_o any_o one_o single_a person_n there_o be_v a_o unus_n episcopatus_fw-la one_o episcopacy_n one_o episcopal_a office_n one_o bishopric_n but_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o part_n and_o every_o bishop_n have_v his_o sh●re_n of_o it_o assign_v he_o to_o rule_v and_o govern_v with_o the_o plenitude_n of_o the_o episcopal_a authority_n 108._o there_o be_v one_o church_n all_o the_o world_n over_o divide_v into_o many_o member_n and_o there_o be_v one_o episcopacy_n diffuse_v in_o proportion_n to_o that_o one_o church_n by_o the_o harmonious_a numerosity_n of_o many_o bishop_n 112._o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o in_o other_o word_n the_o one_o catholic_n church_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o precinct_n districts_n or_o diocese_n call_v they_o as_o you_o will_v each_o of_o those_o district●_n have_v its_o singular_a bishop_n and_o that_o bishop_n within_z that_o district_n have_v the_o supreme_a power_n he_o be_v subordinate_a to_o none_o but_o the_o great_a bishop_n of_o soul_n jesus_n christ_n the_o only_a universal_a bishop_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n he_o be_v independent_a on_o and_o stand_v collateral_a with_o all_o other_o bishop_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o full_o or_o more_o plain_o or_o more_o frequent_o insist_v on_o by_o st._n cyprian_n than_o this_o great_a principle_n i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o a_o short_a view_n of_o it_o from_o he_o and_o his_o contemporary_n and_o i._o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o parity_n which_o our_o lord_n institute_v among_o his_o apostle_n christ_n say_v he_o give_v equal_a power_n to_o all_o his_o apostle_n when_o he_o say_v as_o my_o father_n have_v send_v i_o even_o so_o i_o send_v you_o receive_v you_o the_o holy-ghost_n 107._o etc._n etc._n and_o again_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v the_o same_o that_o st._n peter_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o equality_n of_o power_n and_o honour_n ibid._n now_o st._n cyprian_n on_o all_o occasion_n make_v bishop_n successor_n to_o the_o apostle_n as_o perchance_o i_o may_v prove_v full_o hereafter_o thus_o i_o say_v he_o find_v the_o equality_n of_o bishop_n and_o by_o consequence_n every_o bishop_n supremacy_n within_o his_o own_o diocese_n and_o agreeable_o he_o reason_n most_o frequent_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n 2._o then_o in_o that_o excellent_a epistle_n to_o antonianus_n discourse_v concern_v the_o case_n of_o the_o lapse_v and_o show_v how_o upon_o former_a occasion_n different_a bishop_n have_v take_v different_a measure_n about_o restore_a penitent_n to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n he_o conclude_v with_o this_o general_n rule_n that_o every_o bishop_n so_o long_o as_o he_o maintain_v the_o bond_n of_o concord_n and_o preserve_v catholic_n unity_n have_v power_n to_o order_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o own_o church_n as_o he_o shall_v be_v accountable_a to_o god_n 110._o plain_o import_v that_o no_o bishop_n can_v give_v law_n to_o another_o or_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o his_o management_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o epistle_n to_o jubaianus_n about_o the_o baptism_n of_o heretic_n and_o schismatic_n these_o thing_n most_o dear_a brother_n say_v he_o i_o have_v write_v to_o you_o as_o i_o be_v able_a neither_o prescribe_v to_o nor_o impose_v on_o any_o man_n see_v every_o bishop_n have_v full_a power_n to_o do_v as_o he_o judge_v most_o fit_v 210._o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o way_n he_o conclude_v his_o epistle_n to_o magnus_n concern_v that_o same_o case_n of_o baptism_n perform_v by_o heretic_n 188._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v the_o whole_a strain_n of_o his_o epistle_n to_o florentius_n pupianus_n 66._o and_o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a or_o full_a than_o his_o excellent_a discourse_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o council_n of_o carthage_n anno_fw-la 256_o more_o than_o eighty_o bishop_n meet_v to_o determine_v concern_v that_o same_o matter_n of_o baptism_n administer_v by_o heretic_n or_o schismatic_n st._n cyprian_n be_v praeses_fw-la and_o have_v brief_o represent_v to_o they_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o meeting_n he_o speak_v to_o they_o thus_o it_o remain_v now_o that_o each_o of_o we_o speak_v his_o sense_n free_o judge_v no_o man_n refuse_v our_o communion_n to_o no_o man_n tho'_o he_o shall_v dissent_v from_o we_o for_o none_o of_o we_o costitute_n himself_o bishop_n of_o bishop_n nor_o force_v his_o colleague_n upon_o a_o necessity_n of_o obey_v by_o a_o tyrannical_a terror_n see_v every_o bishop_n be_v entire_o master_n of_o his_o own_o resolution_n and_o can_v no_o more_o he_o judge_v by_o other_o than_o he_o can_v judge_v other_o but_o we_o all_o expect_v the_o judgement_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n who_o alone_o have_v power_n of_o make_v we_o governor_n of_o his_o church_n and_o call_v we_o to_o a_o account_n for_o our_o administration_n 229._o 3._o neither_o do_v the_o principle_n hold_v only_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o or_o the_o other_o bishop_n but_o all_o without_o exception_n even_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n stand_v upon_o a_o level_n and_o for_o this_o we_o have_v as_o pregnant_a proof_n as_o possible_o can_v be_v desire_v for_o when_o the_o schismatical_a party_n at_o carthage_n set_v up_o fortunatus_n as_o a_o anti-bishop_n and_o thereupon_o send_v some_o of_o their_o partisan_n to_o rome_n toi_fw-fr inform_a cornelius_n of_o their_o proceed_n and_o justify_v they_o to_o he_o cyprian_a write_v to_o he_o also_o and_o thus_o reason_v the_o case_n with_o he_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o for_o they_o to_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o tell_v you_o that_o they_o have_v set_v up_o a_o false_a bishop_n against_o the_o bishop_n either_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o wickedness_n and_o be_v please_v with_o what_o they_o have_v do_v or_o they_o be_v penitent_a land_n willing_a to_o return_v to_o the_o church_n unity_n if_o the_o latter_a they_o know_v whither_o they_o may_v return_v for_o see_v it_o be_v determine_v by_o we_o all_o and_o withal_o it_o be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a in_o itself_o that_o every_o one_o cause_n shall_v be_v examine_v where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o see_v there_o be_v a_o portion_n of_o flock_n the_o catholic_n church_n assign_v to_o every_o bishop_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o he_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v accountable_a to_o god_n our_o subject_n ought_v not_o to_o run_v about_o from_o bishop_n to_o bishop_n nor_o break_v the_o harmonious_a concord_n which_o be_v among_o bishop_n by_o their_o subtle_a and_o fallacious_a temerity_n but_o every_o man_n cause_n ought_v there_o to_o be_v discuss_v where_o he_o may_v have_v accuser_n and_o witness_n of_o his_o crime_n 36._o etc._n etc._n in_o which_o reason_v we_o have_v these_o thing_n plain_a 1._o that_o by_o st._n cyprian_n principle_n every_a bishop_n be_v judge_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n of_o all_o the_o christian_n who_o live_v within_o his_o district_n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n no_o not_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n be_v superior_a to_o another_o bishop_n nor_o can_v receive_v appeal_n from_o his_o sentence_n and_o 3._o that_o this_o independency_n of_o bishop_n this_o unaccountableness_n of_o one_o bishop_n to_o another_o as_o to_o his_o superior_a be_v found_v on_o every_o bishop_n have_v his_o portion_n of_o the_o flock_n assign_v to_o he_o to_o be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o he_o as_o he_o shall_v answer_v to_o god_n i._n e._n upon_o his_o visible_a supremacy_n in_o his_o own_o church_n his_o be_v immediate_o subordinate_a to_o god_n only_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n he_o write_v to_o stephen_n bishop_n of_o rome_n also_o for_o have_v tell_v he_o his_o mind_n free_o concern_v those_o who_o shall_v return_v from_o a_o state_n of_o schism_n to_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v treat_v and_o how_o recceive_v etc._n etc._n he_o conclude_v thus_o we_o know_v that_o some_o be_v tenacious_a and_o unwilling_a to_o alter_v what_o they_o have_v once_o determine_v and_o that_o they_o will_v needs_o retain_v some_o method_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o but_o still_o with_o