etc._n the_o five_o that_o unity_n and_o concord_n shall_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n because_o we_o have_v one_o common_a father_n in_o heaven_n one_o mother_n viz._n the_o church_n on_o earth_n one_o faith_n one_o baptism_n and_o one_o celestial_a inheritance_n prepare_v for_o we_o etc._n etc._n the_o six_o and_o seven_o canon_n entreat_v of_o orphan_n and_o poor_a people_n who_o weakness_n be_v to_o be_v support_v the_o eight_o canon_n recommend_v unity_n to_o be_v keep_v betwixt_o man_n in_o spiritual_a office_n and_o civil_a judge_n the_o nine_o and_o ten_o canon_n prescribe_v to_o the_o clergy_n precept_n of_o a_o modest_a and_o sober_a life_n with_o abstinence_n from_o the_o delicate_a pleasure_n of_o the_o world_n from_o theatrical_a spectacle_n from_o pomp_n and_o unhonest_a banquet_n usury_n avarice_n and_o ambition_n deceit_n and_o conjuration_n and_o many_o other_o sin_n be_v also_o restrain_v i_o pass_v by_o the_o precept_n concern_v the_o behaviour_n of_o monk_n and_o nun_n and_o the_o fabric_n of_o their_o dwell_a place_n in_o the_o 32_o canon_n the_o difference_n between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o 33_o the_o great_a litany_n or_o rogation_n to_o be_v observe_v three_o day_n by_o all_o christian_n with_o fast_v sackcloth_n ash_n walk_v barefooted_a and_o all_o kind_n of_o humble_a carriage_n in_o the_o 34_o 35_o and_o 36_o public_a fasting_n and_o keep_v of_o festival_n day_n be_v command_v in_o the_o 37_o that_o the_o sabbath-day_n be_v keep_v holy_a that_o in_o it_o no_o merchant_n ware_n be_v sell_v and_o no_o criminal_a cause_n be_v judge_v in_o 38._o and_o 39_o that_o tithe_n be_v precise_o pay_v and_o man_n flee_v to_o church_n for_o safeguard_n be_v not_o to_o be_v violent_o draw_v out_o from_o thence_o in_o the_o 40_o in_o church_n and_o the_o porch_n thereof_o let_v no_o secular_a judgement_n be_v exercise_v in_o the_o 41_o that_o no_o ancient_a church_n be_v spoil_v of_o tithe_n and_o possession_n for_o the_o build_n of_o new_a oratory_n in_o the_o 42_o concern_v church-rent_n bestow_v for_o reparation_n and_o uphold_v of_o church_n in_o 44_o that_o no_o priest_n say_v mass_n himself_o alone_o for_o if_o he_o have_v none_o but_o himself_o how_o can_v he_o say_v dominus_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la or_o sursum_fw-la corda_fw-la or_o other_o such_o passage_n all_o frequent_a offering_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n and_o present_v of_o the_o pax_n be_v recommend_v to_o christian_a people_n in_o 45_o that_o every_o person_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o creed_n and_o the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o that_o every_o one_o at_o least_o learn_v they_o in_o their_o own_o vulgar_a language_n in_o 46_o that_o they_o who_o continue_v in_o drunkenness_n be_v excommunicate_v in_o 47_o that_o godfather_n shall_v see_v that_o their_o spiritual_a child_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o true_a faith_n in_o 48_o that_o lascivious_a song_n be_v not_o sing_v in_o church_n in_o 49_o the_o cohabitation_n with_o woman_n be_v forbid_v to_o all_o the_o clergy_n in_o 50_o that_o all_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o churchman_n have_v such_o agent_n in_o their_o affair_n who_o be_v man_n that_o fear_v god_n and_o hate_v all_o unrighteous_a deal_n in_o 51_o that_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v not_o transport_v from_o place_n to_o place_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o bishop_n and_o synod_n in_o 52_o that_o no_o dead_a body_n shall_v be_v bury_v within_o the_o church_n except_o the_o body_n of_o a_o bishop_n or_o of_o a_o abbot_n or_o of_o a_o worthy_a presbyter_n or_o of_o a_o faithful_a laic_a person_n in_o 53_o that_o incestuous_a person_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o fellowship_n of_o the_o church_n except_o they_o be_v penitent_a in_o 54_o 55_o and_o 56_o marriage_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n be_v forbid_v and_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v marry_v his_o god-daughter_n nor_o spiritual_a sister_n neither_o the_o woman_n who_o son_n or_o daughter_n he_o have_v lead_v to_o the_o sacrament_n of_o confirmation_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v marry_v they_o shall_v be_v separate_v again_o and_o no_o man_n shall_v take_v in_o marriage_n his_o wife_n sister_n neither_o shall_v a_o woman_n marry_v her_o husband_n brother_n of_o the_o council_n of_o rheims_n a_o council_n be_v also_o assemble_v at_o rheims_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a anno_fw-la 813._o in_o this_o council_n wulfarius_fw-la the_o archbishop_n be_v precedent_n forty_o four_o canon_n be_v rehearse_v in_o the_o second_o tome_n of_o council_n make_v in_o this_o council_n in_o the_o 1._o canon_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v diligent_o acquaint_v himself_o with_o the_o article_n of_o his_o faith_n 2._o that_o he_o learn_v the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o 3._o that_o every_o man_n in_o holy_a order_n shall_v walk_v worthy_o according_a to_o his_o call_v 4._o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v read_v to_o give_v instruction_n to_o subdeacon_n how_o they_o shall_v behave_v themselves_o 5._o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v to_o give_v instruction_n to_o deacon_n to_o minister_v worthy_o in_o their_o office_n 6._o ignorant_n priest_n be_v instruct_v to_o celebrate_v the_o service_n with_o understanding_n 7._o they_o be_v also_o instruct_v how_o to_o prepare_v the_o catechumeni_fw-la to_o the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n 8._o the_o holy_a canon_n be_v read_v out_o of_o the_o decretal_a of_o innocentius_n for_o order_v the_o life_n of_o canon_n 9_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n benedict_n be_v read_v to_o reduce_v abbot_n and_o their_o convent_v to_o a_o remembrance_n of_o their_o order_n 10._o the_o pastoral_a book_n of_o gregory_n be_v read_v to_o admonish_v pastor_n of_o their_o duty_n 11._o divers_a sentence_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v read_v to_o admonish_v both_o prelate_n and_o people_n to_o a_o holy_a life_n 12._o then_o they_o set_v down_o a_o form_n of_o receive_v confession_n and_o prescribe_v of_o penance_n according_a to_o the_o canonical_a institution_n 13._o they_o reason_v about_o the_o eight_o principal_a vice_n that_o every_o one_o may_v know_v what_o vice_n to_o eschew_v and_o teach_v other_o to_o beware_v of_o the_o same_o 14._o that_o bishop_n shall_v take_v heed_n to_o the_o read_n of_o the_o book_n of_o canonical_a scripture_n and_o the_o book_n of_o father_n and_o shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n 15._o that_o bishop_n shall_v preach_v the_o sermon_n and_o homily_n of_o the_o holy_a father_n so_o as_o the_o people_n may_v understand_v they_o 16._o the_o sixteenth_o canon_n be_v coincident_a with_o the_o twelve_o 17._o that_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n permit_v no_o man_n to_o solace_v the_o company_n with_o filthy_a jest_n in_o their_o presence_n but_o that_o the_o poor_a be_v refresh_v at_o their_o table_n with_o lecture_n of_o divine_a scripture_n and_o praise_v of_o god_n 18._o in_o the_o 18_o gluttony_n and_o drunkenness_n be_v forbid_v to_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n 19_o that_o no_o bishop_n judge_v rash_o in_o thing_n secret_a which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n 20._o presbyter_n shall_v not_o transport_v themselves_o from_o a_o low_a place_n to_o a_o great_a 21._o whosoever_o by_o give_v money_n procure_v a_o preferment_n in_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v depose_v 22._o no_o churchman_n shall_v cohabit_v with_o a_o woman_n except_o it_o be_v with_o his_o mother_n or_o sister_n or_o such_o like_a person_n by_o who_o company_n no_o suspicion_n of_o uncleanness_n can_v arise_v 35._o that_o the_o sabbath-day_n be_v keep_v holy_a and_o no_o servile_a work_n be_v do_v in_o it_o 36._o that_o no_o man_n bestow_v upon_o the_o church_n that_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v fraudulent_o take_v from_o other_o 37._o nor_o yet_o by_o lie_n and_o deceit_n withdraw_v any_o thing_n due_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n 38._o that_o tithe_n be_v precise_o pay_v 39_o that_o no_o man_n receive_v reward_n for_o his_o decree_n and_o sentence_n 40._o that_o prayer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o noble_a race_n 41._o in_o the_o 41_o canon_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a rent_n leave_v by_o king_n pepin_n which_o they_o wish_v the_o emperor_n charles_n shall_v not_o alter_v nor_o transfer_v into_o another_o sum_n lest_o many_o perjury_n and_o false_a testimony_n may_v ensue_v 42._o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v remove_v from_o his_o mansion_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n alm_n be_v distribute_v 43._o that_o the_o statute_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o his_o highness_n allowance_n whereby_o all_o contention_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v a_o end_n 44._o that_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o bononia_n concern_v false_a witness_n may_v be_v ratify_v
with_o augmentation_n if_o need_v require_v for_o eschew_v of_o perjury_n false_a testimony_n and_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o council_n of_o tours_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 813_o at_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a a_o council_n of_o many_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v assemble_v there_o about_o establish_v ecclesiastical_a discipline_n 1._o in_o the_o first_o canon_n all_o man_n be_v admonish_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n make_v unto_o he_o and_o to_o make_v prayer_n for_o his_o prosperity_n 2._o all_o bishop_n shall_v frequent_o read_v all_o the_o book_n of_o holy_a scripture_n together_o with_o the_o book_n of_o ancient_a father_n write_v thereupon_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o bishop_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o pastoral_n book_n of_o gregory_n 4._o let_v every_o bishop_n feed_v the_o flock_n commit_v to_o he_o not_o only_o with_o doctrine_n but_o also_o with_o a_o holy_a example_n 5._o that_o a_o bishop_n be_v content_a with_o a_o moderate_a diet_n that_o holy_a lecture_n be_v read_v at_o his_o table_n rather_o than_o the_o idle_a word_n of_o parasite_n 6._o let_v stranger_n and_o poor_a people_n be_v at_o bishop_n table_n who_o they_o may_v refresh_v both_o with_o corporal_a and_o spiritual_a repast_n 7._o that_o the_o delicate_a pleasure_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o ear_n be_v eschew_v lest_o the_o mind_n be_v enchant_v therewith_o 8._o let_v not_o the_o lord_n servant_n delight_v in_o vain_a jest_n nor_o in_o hunt_v and_o hawk_v 9_o let_v presbyter_n and_o deacon_n follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o bishop_n in_o lead_v a_o pious_a life_n 10._o let_v bishop_n take_v care_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o faithful_o dispense_v church-goods_a 11._o that_o bishop_n may_v with_o consent_n of_o presbyter_n and_o deacon_n bestow_v somewhat_o out_o of_o the_o church-treasure_n to_o support_v needy_a people_n of_o that_o same_o church_n 12._o a_o presbyter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ordain_v till_o he_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a 13._o let_v the_o bishop_n see_v that_o in_o his_o own_o parish_n church_n no_o presbyter_n come_v from_o any_o other_o part_n do_v service_n in_o his_o church_n without_o letter_n of_o recommendation_n 14._o let_v a_o presbyter_n leave_v a_o low_a place_n and_o presume_v to_o a_o high_a incur_v that_o same_o punishment_n which_o a_o bishop_n take_v in_o the_o like_a fault_n shall_v incur_v 15._o a_o presbyter_n who_o get_v a_o church_n by_o give_v money_n for_o it_o let_v he_o be_v depose_v 16._o let_v tithe_n bestow_v upon_o church_n by_o advice_n of_o bishop_n be_v faithful_o distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o presbyter_n 17._o the_o family_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v instruct_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o retribution_n to_o be_v give_v to_o good_a man_n and_o the_o condemnation_n of_o evil_a people_n and_o of_o the_o resurrection_n and_o last_o judgement_n etc._n etc._n 18._o that_o the_o bishop_n instruct_v his_o presbyter_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n what_o it_o be_v they_o shall_v desire_v the_o baptize_v people_n to_o renounce_v 19_o that_o presbyter_n when_o they_o say_v mass_n and_o do_v communicate_v do_v not_o distribute_v the_o lord_n body_n indiscreet_o to_o child_n and_o to_o all_o person_n who_o happen_v to_o be_v present_a etc._n etc._n then_o reader_n take_v notice_n that_o private_a mass_n have_v no_o place_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o who_o be_v due_o prepare_v do_v communicate_v with_o the_o priest_n 20._o presbyter_n shall_v not_o suffer_v the_o holy_a chrism_n to_o be_v touch_v by_o any_o man_n 21._o presbyter_n shall_v not_o haunt_v tavern_n 22._o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n shall_v prescribe_v to_o sinner_n who_o have_v confess_v their_o sin_n penance_n discreet_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o fault_n 23._o canon_n who_o dwell_v in_o one_o city_n shall_v eat_v in_o one_o cloister_n and_o sleep_v under_o one_o roof_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o celebrate_v their_o canonical_a hour_n 24._o from_o the_o 24_o to_o the_o 32_o canon_n be_v constitution_n concern_v monk_n and_o nun_n which_o i_o overpass_v with_o silence_n 32._o all_o christian_n be_v exhort_v to_o peace_n and_o concord_n 33._o lord_n and_o judge_n shall_v hearken_v to_o the_o good_a admonition_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o bishop_n on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v reverent_o regard_v they_o 34._o lord_n and_o judge_n be_v not_o to_o admit_v vile_a person_n to_o bear_v witness_n in_o their_o judicatories_n 35._o let_v no_o man_n for_o his_o decree_n receive_v a_o reward_n 36._o let_v every_o one_o be_v careful_a to_o support_v indigent_a person_n of_o his_o own_o kindred_n 37._o that_o christian_n do_v bow_v their_o knee_n in_o prayer_n except_o upon_o the_o lord_n day_n and_o other_o solemn_a day_n on_o the_o which_o the_o universal_a church_n keep_v a_o memorial_n of_o the_o lord_n resurrection_n at_o such_o time_n they_o use_v to_o stand_v and_o pray_v 38._o that_o none_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n with_o noise_n and_o tumult_n and_o in_o time_n of_o prayer_n and_o celebration_n of_o the_o mass_n not_o to_o be_v busy_v in_o vain_a confabulation_n but_o even_o to_o abstain_v from_o idle_a thought_n 39_o let_v not_o the_o consistory_n of_o secular_a judge_n be_v in_o the_o church_n or_o porch_n thereof_o in_o any_o time_n to_o come_v because_o the_o house_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v a_o house_n of_o prayer_n 40._o that_o merchandise_n be_v forbid_v on_o the_o lord_n day_n that_o the_o whole_a day_n be_v spend_v in_o god_n service_n 41._o that_o parricide_n murderer_n and_o incestuous_a person_n be_v reduce_v to_o order_n by_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o secular_a power_n 42._o that_o all_o people_n abstain_v from_o magical_a art_n which_o be_v the_o deceitful_a snare_n of_o the_o devil_n 43._o a_o frequent_a custom_n of_o swear_v be_v forbid_v 44._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o many_o free_a subject_n bring_v to_o poverty_n by_o oppression_n be_v examine_v by_o the_o emperor_n 45._o that_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v a_o abomination_n to_o the_o lord_n 46._o the_o 46_o canon_n bewail_v that_o tithe_n be_v not_o due_o pay_v to_o the_o church_n show_v the_o ill_a effect_n thereof_o 47._o when_o general_a fast_n be_v appoint_v for_o any_o impendent_a calamity_n let_v no_o man_n neglect_v the_o fellowship_n of_o the_o humble_a church_n etc._n etc._n 48._o drunkenness_n and_o surfeit_v be_v forbid_v etc._n etc._n 49._o lord_n and_o master_n be_v to_o be_v admonish_v not_o to_o deal_v cruel_o with_o their_o subject_n yea_o and_o not_o to_o seek_v that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o themselves_o with_o excessive_a rigour_n 50._o let_v laic_a people_n communicate_v at_o least_o thrice_o in_o a_o year_n unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o great_a sin_n commit_v by_o they_o 51._o in_o the_o last_o canon_n mention_n be_v make_v that_o they_o diligent_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o who_o complain_v to_o the_o emperor_n that_o they_o be_v disinherited_a by_o the_o donation_n of_o land_n which_o their_o father_n and_o friend_n have_v bestow_v on_o the_o church_n and_o in_o their_o bound_n they_o find_v no_o man_n who_o do_v complain_v yet_o in_o that_o matter_n if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v amiss_o they_o humble_o submit_v themselves_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o king_n of_o the_o council_n of_o chalons_n this_o council_n be_v convene_v in_o the_o same_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 813_o by_o the_o commandment_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n many_o of_o the_o canon_n of_o this_o council_n be_v co-incident_a with_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o former_a which_o i_o shall_v overpass_v and_o mention_v only_o some_o of_o the_o other_o can._n 3._o let_v bishop_n constitute_v school_n wherein_o learning_n may_v be_v increase_v and_o man_n bring_v up_o in_o they_o that_o may_v be_v the_o salt_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o season_v the_o corrupt_a manner_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o heretic_n 4._o let_v churchman_n show_v humility_n in_o word_n deed_n habit_n and_o countenance_n 5._o let_v priest_n be_v unreprovable_a adorn_v with_o good_a manner_n and_o not_o give_v to_o filthy_a lucre_n 7._o bishop_n and_o abbot_n who_o have_v circumvent_v simple_a man_n and_o shave_v their_o head_n and_o by_o such_o mean_n do_v possess_v their_o good_n let_v they_o be_v subject_a to_o canonical_a or_o regular_a repentance_n 8._o if_o churchman_n lay_v up_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o victualling-house_n let_v it_o not_o be_v to_o keep_v they_o to_o a_o dearth_n but_o therewith_o to_o support_v the_o poor_a in_o a_o time_n of_o need_n
jurisdiction_n nor_o domination_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n over_o the_o church_n of_o france_n hilary_n call_v himself_o primate_n of_o the_o church_n of_o gaul_n subject_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o be_v of_o provence_n and_o dauphin_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gaul_n be_v then_o hold_v by_o the_o visigoth_n and_o by_o the_o franc_n the_o quarrel_n be_v that_o hilary_n confer_v the_o degree_n of_o bishop_n in_o his_o diocese_n not_o expect_v the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n but_o leo_n will_v oblige_v he_o to_o acquaint_v the_o roman_a see_v with_o it_o and_o to_o get_v his_o approbation_n upon_o that_o leo_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dauphin_n where_o after_o he_o haâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d swe_n ling_n word_n exalt_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o roman_a see_v he_o add_v hillary_n to_o trouble_v the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n constitutos_fw-la leon._n epist_n 87._o ad_fw-la episcop_n per_fw-la viennensem_fw-la provinciam_fw-la 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the_o law_n run_v in_o these_o word_n whereas_o the_o merit_n of_o peter_n who_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o episcopal_a society_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o roman_a city_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o sacred_a synod_n have_v establish_v the_o primacy_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v let_v not_o presumption_n attempt_v any_o lawful_a thing_n against_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o see_v for_o than_o shall_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n be_v maintain_v every_o where_o if_o the_o universality_n do_v acknowledge_v their_o governor_n in_o which_o word_n we_o may_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o valentinian_n do_v not_o ground_n the_o pope_n primacy_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o god_n he_o add_v we_o decree_v by_o a_o perpetual_a ordinance_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a either_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n or_o to_o those_o other_o province_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o venerable_a pope_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o to_o they_o and_o to_o all_o whatsoever_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v have_v decree_v or_o shall_v decree_v may_v be_v a_o law_n so_o that_o what_o bishop_n soever_o be_v evocate_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_a prelate_n shall_v neglect_v to_o appear_v he_o be_v constrain_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n but_o valentinian_n be_v deprive_v of_o africa_n by_o the_o vandal_n of_o africa_n and_o of_o spain_n and_o guienne_n by_o the_o goth_n and_o of_o most_o part_n of_o gaul_n by_o the_o frank_n nothing_o remain_v to_o he_o but_o italy_n sicily_n provence_n and_o dauphin_n all_o the_o east_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o theodosius_n that_o law_n be_v but_o of_o little_a force_n how_o much_o that_o law_n be_v despise_v in_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v for_o in_o the_o year_n 472._o that_o be_v about_o 22_o or_o 23_o year_n after_o that_o law_n of_o valentinian_n a_o contrary_a law_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n which_o be_v the_o 16_o law_n in_o the_o code_n de_fw-fr sacrosanctis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v these_o whereby_o the_o emperor_n decree_v that_o the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o church_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o bishop_n we_o judge_v and_o decree_n that_o the_o most_o holy_a church_n of_o this_o town_n which_o be_v mother_n of_o our_o piety_n and_o of_o all_o christian_n of_o the_o orthodox_n religion_n and_o the_o most_o holy_a see_v of_o the_o same_o most_o religious_a city_n have_v all_o the_o privilege_n and_o honour_n concern_v the_o creation_n of_o bishop_n and_o the_o right_n of_o sit_v before_o other_o etc._n etc._n baronius_n declaim_v against_o that_o law_n of_o leo_n and_o say_v it_o proceed_v from_o he_o who_o be_v the_o head_n over_o all_o the_o son_n of_o pride_n 472._o baron_fw-fr annal._n ad_fw-la ann._n 472._o then_o live_v sidonius_n apollinaris_n bishop_n of_o clermont_n in_o auvergn_n who_o epistle_n be_v extant_a great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v write_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o france_n his_o colleague_n but_o in_o none_o of_o they_o be_v there_o any_o trace_n of_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a see_v or_o of_o communication_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n the_o same_o sidonius_n call_v lupus_n bishop_n of_o troy_n bishop_n of_o bishop_n and_o the_o first_o bishop_n of_o the_o world_n and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v sit_v in_o the_o apostolic_a see_n this_o man_n write_v all_o his_o epistle_n in_o latin_a and_o preach_v also_o in_o latin_a in_o the_o ten_o epistle_n of_o the_o second_o book_n he_o complain_v that_o in_o his_o time_n among_o the_o vulgar_a the_o purity_n and_o property_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n decay_v and_o degenerate_v into_o barbarousness_n and_o in_o the_o epistle_n to_o pope_n perpetuus_n for_o then_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o be_v a_o little_a more_o respect_v than_o the_o 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quam_fw-la totam_fw-la monachus_n virente_fw-la in_o aevo_fw-la secreta_fw-la bibit_fw-la instructione_n
his_o race_n as_o a_o outcast_n of_o great_a charlemain_n lewes_n v._o reign_v one_o year_n only_o and_o die_v without_o heir_n leave_v his_o place_n void_a in_o trouble_n of_o state_n and_o confusion_n of_o time_n horrible_o corrupt_v unto_o the_o house_n of_o hugh_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr earl_n of_o paris_n god_n have_v prepare_v the_o mean_n both_o for_o the_o father_n to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n and_o for_o his_o son_n hugh_n capet_n appoint_v for_o the_o regal_a dignity_n to_o finish_v this_o goodly_a building_n now_o come_v in_o the_o three_o race_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n call_v capet_n of_o the_o name_n of_o hugh_n capet_n charles_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n be_v first_o prince_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a he_o be_v son_n to_o lewes_n iv_o brother_n to_o lothair_n uncle_n to_o lewes_n v._o the_o last_o king_n to_o who_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o france_n do_v adjudge_v the_o crown_n but_o hugh_n capet_n be_v choose_v king_n by_o the_o french_a assemble_v in_o 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bishop_n of_o orleans_n maintain_v in_o that_o synod_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o over_o the_o bishop_n of_o france_n so_o as_o to_o have_v any_o cognizance_n of_o case_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o he_o declaim_v most_o stout_o against_o the_o avarice_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n seguin_n archbishop_n of_o sens_n be_v send_v also_o to_o orleans_n to_o be_v imprison_v because_o he_o consent_v not_o free_o to_o the_o deposition_n of_o arnulph_n pope_n john_n 12._o being_n displease_v with_o hugh_n for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o appeal_v to_o he_o for_o his_o confirmation_n in_o this_o new_a royalty_n disannul_v this_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o rheims_n excommunicate_v the_o bishop_n which_o have_v assist_v restore_v arnulph_n and_o deprive_v gilbert_n of_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o rovan_n and_o to_o temper_v this_o sharp_a and_o rough_a proceed_n with_o some_o lenity_n he_o do_v invest_v gilbert_n with_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o ravenna_n and_o this_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o pope_n 990._o acta_fw-la synodi_fw-la rhemensis_n anno_fw-la 990._o the_o act_n of_o this_o council_n of_o rheims_n under_o hugh_n capet_n have_v these_o word_n poor_a rome_n what_o clear_a light_n of_o father_n have_v thou_o bring_v forth_o in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o predecessor_n what_o horrible_a darkness_n have_v thou_o pour_v out_o upon_o our_o time_n which_o will_v redound_v to_o our_o shame_n and_o dishonour_n in_o future_a age_n the_o pope_n threaten_v his_o curse_n against_o hugh_n and_o his_o son_n robert_n the_o king_n return_v answer_n that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o in_o contempt_n but_o that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o justify_v what_o he_o or_o his_o bishop_n have_v do_v if_o it_o please_v the_o pope_n to_o meet_v he_o at_o gratianople_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o italy_n and_o france_n or_o if_o rather_o he_o will_v come_v into_o france_n he_o promise_v to_o receive_v he_o with_o the_o 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that_o all_o christian_n shall_v shun_v the_o company_n of_o those_o accurse_a person_n hildebert_n archbishop_n of_o tours_n live_v under_o philip_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n at_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n furnish_v the_o church_n with_o pastor_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o incumbent_n then_o hildebert_n approve_v the_o presentation_n make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o certain_a bishopric_n of_o his_o realm_n commend_v he_o in_o this_o manner_n i_o congratulate_v with_o virtue_n 295._o review_n of_o the_o counc_fw-la of_o trent_n p_o 295._o that_o have_v her_o reward_n under_o our_o king_n he_o have_v find_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n shine_v more_o bright_a by_o gift_n and_o liberality_n than_o by_o the_o sceptre_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o stir_v up_o his_o subject_n to_o well-doing_n by_o example_n unless_o they_o be_v also_o provoke_v by_o reward_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o your_o good_a manner_n be_v honour_v by_o a_o great_a priesthood_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sound_a and_o prudent_a consider_v it_o can_v not_o better_o provide_v for_o the_o church_n than_o by_o place_v you_o in_o it_o at_o this_o time_n ivo_n archbishop_n of_o chartres_n in_o france_n after_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n be_v present_v to_o the_o same_o king_n philip_n the_o first_o and_o receive_v his_o investiture_n and_o pastoral_a staff_n from_o he_o upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sens_n he_o be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o pope_n whereat_o the_o say_a archbishop_n be_v high_o offend_v insomuch_o that_o he_o with_o other_o bishop_n at_o the_o synod_n of_o estampe_n be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o revoke_v the_o say_a consecration_n make_v by_o the_o pope_n as_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o king_n be_v authority_n see_v here_o what_o the_o same_o bishop_n say_v of_o it_o in_o a_o letter_n unto_o pope_n vrban_n moreover_o i_o give_v your_o holiness_n to_o wit_n 12._o ivo_n epist_n 12._o that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sens_n be_v infatuate_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o paris_n have_v summon_v the_o say_a bishop_n of_o paris_n and_z two_o other_o of_o the_o same_o humour_n viz._n he_o of_o meaux_n and_o he_o of_o troy_n do_v very_o indiscreet_o accuse_v i_o this_o present_a year_n because_o of_o the_o consecration_n which_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o you_o say_v that_o i_o have_v offend_v against_o the_o king_n majesty_n by_o attempt_v to_o receive_v my_o consecration_n from_o the_o see_v apostolic_a this_o vrban_n the_o second_o 134._o ivo_n epist_n 134._o forbid_v the_o bishop_n of_o france_n to_o crown_n king_n philip_n who_o he_o have_v excommunicate_v but_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v their_o king_n be_v command_n than_o his_o prohibition_n in_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n in_o france_n say_v matthew_n paris_n hold_v anno_fw-la 1094._o 2._o math._n paris_n in_o will._n 2._o pope_n vrban_n excommunicate_v philip_n king_n of_o france_n and_o another_o english_a author_n say_v 4._o will._n malmsb._n li._n 4._o in_o this_o council_n the_o pope_n excommunicate_v king_n philip_n of_o france_n and_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v call_v he_o their_o king_n or_o their_o lord_n and_o which_o shall_v obey_v he_o or_o speak_v unto_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n ivo_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n speak_v of_o they_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o accusation_n king_n philip_n be_v excommunicate_v by_o pope_n vrban_n at_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n and_o have_v resume_v the_o same_o wife_n after_o he_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o he_o be_v afterward_o excommunicate_v at_o the_o council_n of_o poitiers_n by_o the_o two_o cardinal_n john_n and_o bennet_n notwithstanding_o which_o excommunication_n he_o be_v crown_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tours_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o other_o bishop_n know_v you_o therefore_o say_v the_o same_o bishop_n of_o chartres_n in_o a_o letter_n of_o he_o to_o pope_n vrban_n that_o contrary_a to_o the_o prohibition_n of_o your_o legate_n secund_a ivo_n epist_n 28._o ad_fw-la urban_n secund_a the_o archbishop_n of_o tours_n have_v set_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o king_n he_o speak_v afterward_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o bishop_n make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o those_o who_o be_v assemble_v with_o the_o say_a archbishop_n in_o another_o epistle_n write_v to_o the_o same_o vrban_n he_o show_v he_o how_o philip_n have_v send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o with_o prayer_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o threat_n in_o the_o other_o such_o as_o these_o that_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n will_v relinquish_v their_o obedience_n to_o he_o unless_o he_o do_v restore_v the_o king_n unto_o his_o crown_n and_o absolve_v he_o from_o the_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n and_o afterward_o he_o advertise_v he_o how_o the_o archbishop_n of_o rheims_n sens_n and_o tours_n have_v by_o injunction_n from_o the_o king_n appoint_v their_o suffragan_a bishop_n to_o meet_v at_o troy_n the_o first_o sunday_n after_o all-saint_n day_n after_o he_o shall_v have_v return_v his_o answer_n whence_o we_o collect_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o france_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o acknowledge_v their_o king_n nor_o to_o obey_v he_o and_o communicate_v with_o he_o notwithstanding_o the_o prohibition_n from_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n 2._o that_o they_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o put_v in_o execution_n those_o threat_n which_o the_o ambassador_n go_v to_o make_v unto_o the_o pope_n in_o case_n he_o do_v not_o condescend_v unto_o the_o king_n pleasure_n the_o same_o ivo_n complain_v of_o the_o pope_n legate_n because_o he_o have_v choose_v the_o city_n of_o bloyes_n there_o to_o decide_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o chartres_n who_o can_v not_o repair_v thither_o with_o safety_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o populousness_n of_o that_o city_n the_o same_o bishop_n have_v a_o controversy_n with_o some_o of_o his_o clergy_n depend_v before_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sens_n his_o metropolitan_a entreat_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o place_n for_o judgement_n whither_o they_o may_v go_v and_o come_v in_o safety_n the_o legate_n forementioned_a have_v appoint_v a_o council_n consist_v of_o french_a bishop_n to_o meet_v at_o sens_n for_o the_o absolution_n of_o king_n philip_n the_o first_o from_o the_o excommunication_n which_o be_v dart_v out_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pope_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o unlawful_a marriage_n he_o give_v he_o notice_n that_o he_o may_v have_v do_v better_a to_o have_v proceed_v to_o that_o absolution_n in_o another_o place_n than_o sens_n 166._o ivo_n epist_n 166._o that_o so_o every_o one_o may_v have_v have_v mean_n to_o speak_v his_o opinion_n free_o 116._o idem_fw-la epist_n 116._o the_o same_o bishop_n of_o chartres_n continue_v his_o devotion_n to_o pope_n vrban_n upon_o the_o election_n of_o a_o archbishop_n of_o rheims_n assure_v the_o pope_n that_o one_o be_v choose_v who_o be_v very_o zealous_a for_o the_o see_v apostolic_a add_v afterward_o no_o whow_o necessary_a be_v it_o for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o place_n in_o that_o see_v a_o minister_n which_o be_v devout_a and_o affectionate_a unto_o she_o it_o be_v not_o for_o i_o to_o inform_v your_o wisdom_n which_o know_v very_o well_o that_o this_o see_v wear_v the_o royal_a diadem_n and_o serve_v for_o a_o pattern_n to_o all_o other_o church_n of_o france_n either_o of_o ruin_n or_o resurrection_n this_o ivo_n of_o chartres_n although_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o investiture_n from_o king_n philip_n yet_o inasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v get_v his_o confirmation_n from_o pope_n vrban_n he_o be_v always_o affectionate_a to_o he_o and_o the_o roman_a see_v even_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o some_o of_o his_o epistle_n 40._o lup._n epist_n 40._o on_o the_o contrary_a because_o lupus_n have_v get_v the_o abbey_n of_o st._n peter_n de_fw-fr ferrier_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o sens_n by_o the_o donation_n of_o charles_n the_o bald_a he_o be_v always_o loyal_a and_o even_o brag_v of_o it_o in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n it_o happen_v that_o there_o come_v a_o french_a pilgrim_n to_o jerusalem_n call_v peter_n a_o hermit_n 8._o tho._n fuller_n hist_o of_o the_o holy_a war_n lib._n 1._o ca._n 8._o bear_v at_o amiens_n in_o france_n one_o of_o a_o contemptible_a person_n yet_o a_o man_n of_o a_o quick_a apprehension_n and_o eloquent_a tongue_n and_o one_o that_o be_v count_v very_o religious_a with_o he_o simon_n the_o patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n often_o treat_v concern_v the_o present_a misery_n of_o the_o christian_n under_o the_o turk_n what_o hope_v of_o amendment_n and_o how_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v secret_o contrive_v that_o the_o prince_n in_o europe_n may_v assist_v and_o relieve_v they_o peter_n move_v with_o the_o patriarch_n be_v persuasion_n the_o
be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o be_v choose_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o a_o courier_n send_v post_n to_o he_o who_o be_v then_o at_o his_o bishopric_n to_o know_v what_o name_n he_o will_v carry_v he_o reply_v he_o will_v not_o change_v the_o name_n he_o be_v baptize_v with_o which_o be_v clement_n and_o so_o he_o be_v publish_v according_o to_o the_o people_n and_o call_v clement_n the_o five_o after_o publication_n in_o the_o usual_a place_n the_o cardinal_n dispatch_v several_a messenger_n to_o the_o new_a pope_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o hasten_v his_o journey_n into_o italy_n 234._o il._n cardinalismo_fw-la p._n 234._o but_o the_o pope_n be_v instruct_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v answer_v that_o the_o flock_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o shepherd_n and_o not_o the_o shepherd_n the_o flock_n command_v the_o cardinal_n immediate_o to_o repair_v to_o he_o in_o france_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o city_n of_o poitiers_n as_o they_o also_o do_v this_o clement_n be_v the_o first_o of_o seven_o french_a pope_n which_o hold_v the_o see_v one_o after_o another_o unto_o vrban_n vi_o under_o who_o the_o italian_n recover_v it_o again_o with_o much_o trouble_n these_o seven_o pope_n be_v clement_n v._o john_n xxii_o benedict_n xii_o clement_n vi_o innocent_a vi_o vrban_n v._o gregory_n xi_o clement_n v._o be_v choose_v pope_n he_o come_v to_o lion_n where_o king_n philip_n receive_v he_o accompany_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o arragon_n in_o great_a pomp_n the_o pope_n be_v on_o horseback_n and_o the_o king_n with_o his_o two_o brethren_n on_o foot_n hold_v the_o reign_v of_o his_o horse_n he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o st._n justus_n where_o they_o have_v build_v a_o great_a theatre_n for_o so_o goodly_a a_o spectacle_n but_o the_o press_n of_o people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o scaffold_n break_v so_o that_o the_o multitude_n sell_v one_o upon_o another_o the_o pope_n king_n prince_n and_o nobleman_n be_v all_o on_o a_o heap_n and_o the_o scaffold_n fasten_v to_o a_o old_a wall_n pull_v it_o down_o the_o king_n be_v hurt_v in_o the_o head_n the_o pope_n in_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n slay_v with_o many_o nobleman_n and_o multitude_n of_o the_o common_a people_n that_o be_v smother_v under_o these_o ruin_n the_o pope_n crown_n fall_v from_o his_o head_n into_o the_o press_n where_o he_o lose_v a_o carbuncle_n value_v at_o six_o thousand_o florin_n of_o gold_n thus_o this_o feast_n give_v no_o cause_n of_o joy_n but_o be_v famous_a to_o posterity_n by_o this_o notable_a accident_n and_o by_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o pope_n seat_n from_o rome_n to_o avignon_n anno_fw-la 1305._o unto_o the_o year_n 1379._o under_o vrban_n vi_o viz._n the_o space_n of_o seventy_o four_o year_n this_o unlucky_a pomp_n be_v end_v clement_n create_v many_o french_a cardinal_n and_o not_o one_o italian_a and_o remove_v the_o court_n present_o to_o avignon_n he_o avouch_v open_o to_o keep_v a_o concubine_n the_o daughter_n of_o count_n de_fw-fr fuxa_n he_o send_v three_o cardinal_n with_o senatorial_n power_n to_o govern_v rome_n and_o italy_n he_o ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v use_v the_o title_n or_o exercise_v the_o power_n of_o emperor_n until_o he_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o year_n 1307._o a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v against_o pope_n clement_n by_o king_n philip_n touch_v temporal_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o prince_n and_o ecclesiastical_a belong_v to_o the_o church_n forasmuch_o as_o pope_n clement_n v._o extol_v himself_o above_o all_o prince_n as_o in_o other_o country_n so_o also_o in_o france_n he_o extend_v his_o usurp_a jurisdiction_n above_o the_o princely_a authority_n of_o the_o king_n claim_v to_o himself_o full_a government_n of_o both_o the_o state_n as_o well_o secular_a as_o ecclesiastical_a the_o king_n therefore_o direct_v his_o letter_n mandatory_a to_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n to_o assemble_v themselves_o together_o at_o paris_n in_o the_o year_n aforementioned_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n at_o the_o day_n specify_v in_o those_o letter_n the_o prelate_n and_o clergy_n assemble_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n at_o his_o palace_n in_o paris_n 462._o fox_n act_n &_o monum_fw-la li._n 2._o p._n 461._o 462._o where_o after_o due_a reverence_n do_v unto_o the_o king_n there_o sit_v in_o his_o own_o person_n with_o his_o baron_n and_o council_n about_o he_o a_o certain_a wise_a and_o noble_a lord_n peter_n de_fw-fr cugneriis_fw-la one_o of_o the_o king_n council_n stand_v up_o and_o make_v a_o oration_n before_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o king_n behalf_n his_o oration_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n 1._o he_o show_v that_o obedience_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a unto_o the_o king_n 2._o that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n so_o that_o spiritual_a matter_n shall_v be_v define_v and_o order_v by_o the_o prelate_n and_o spiritual_a man_n and_o temporal_a cause_n rule_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o king_n his_o baron_n and_o temporal_a man_n all_o which_o he_o prove_v by_o many_o reason_n both_o of_o fact_n and_o law_n france_n article_n against_o the_o clergy_n of_o france_n his_o oration_n be_v end_v he_o repeat_v certain_a word_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n which_o import_v that_o the_o king_n will_n and_o pleasure_n be_v in_o some_o point_n to_o renew_v the_o temporal_a state_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therewith_o he_o exhibit_v a_o certain_a bill_n in_o french_a whereof_o also_o he_o give_v a_o copy_n to_o the_o prelate_n contain_v sixty_o five_o article_n which_o may_v be_v read_v at_o large_a in_o mr._n fox_n his_o act_n and_o monument_n vol._n 1._o p._n 462._o 463._o 464._o 465._o after_o he_o have_v speak_v the_o prelate_n require_v to_o have_v time_n to_o answer_v thereunto_o whereupon_o the_o friday_n next_o ensue_v be_v appoint_v for_o the_o same_o on_o the_o which_o day_n the_o bishop_n edven_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o senon_n elect_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n answer_v for_o they_o all_o be-before_a the_o king_n hold_v his_o parliament_n on_o that_o day_n at_o vicenas_n they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n be_v compatible_a notwithstanding_o the_o distinction_n of_o they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o then_o they_o proâ—â—â—d_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o person_n ecclesiastical_a which_o have_v jurisdiction_n spiritual_a may_v also_o have_v temporal_a jurisdiction_n and_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n temporal_a may_v be_v in_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n they_o allege_v for_o this_o the_o example_n of_o melchisedeck_v who_o be_v both_o king_n and_o priest_n and_o of_o samuel_n who_o be_v both_o priest_n and_o prophet_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n appoint_v judge_n over_o the_o people_n in_o temporal_a matter_n 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be_v say_v to_o be_v dedicate_v and_o sanctify_v by_o he_o but_o this_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v diverse_o convert_v to_o the_o dominion_n and_o property_n of_o the_o french_a church_n be_v god_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v reserve_v to_o and_o for_o he_o they_o urge_v the_o king_n to_o consider_v that_o at_o what_o time_n he_o be_v crown_v he_o swear_v only_o these_o thing_n follow_v 1._o that_o he_o will_v defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o canonical_a law_n privilege_n and_o justice_n grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o church_n and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o enlarge_v and_o amplify_v the_o same_o 2._o also_o that_o by_o his_o arbitrament_n all_o christian_a people_n at_o all_o time_n shall_v keep_v the_o true_a peace_n of_o god_n and_o his_o church_n 3._o that_o he_o shall_v forbid_v to_o all_o nation_n all_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n spoiling_n and_o iniquity_n and_o that_o in_o
all_o kind_n of_o judgement_n he_o shall_v will_n and_o command_v equity_n and_o mercy_n 4._o that_o throughout_o his_o whole_a territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n he_o shall_v labour_v to_o exterminate_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n the_o note_a heretic_n they_o argue_v also_o that_o by_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n many_o brethren_n and_o kinsman_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n be_v maintain_v ergo_fw-la such_o possession_n be_v not_o to_o be_v grudge_v at_o and_o because_o a_o bill_n of_o many_o article_n be_v exhibit_v whereof_o part_n do_v infringe_v the_o whole_a ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n to_o the_o defence_n thereof_o they_o say_v they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o death_n on_o the_o next_o friday_n follow_v be_v decemb._n 29._o the_o prelate_n assemble_v themselves_o again_o together_o at_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o paris_n where_o the_o lord_n peter_n bertrand_n bishop_n of_o eduen_n speak_v open_o before_o the_o king_n sit_v with_o his_o counselor_n and_o baron_n about_o he_o in_o his_o speech_n he_o extol_v the_o king_n person_n and_o his_o miraculous_a attain_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n add_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o champion_n and_o defender_n of_o the_o faith_n all_o which_o he_o prove_v in_o few_o word_n by_o many_o reason_n and_o authority_n afterward_o he_o touch_v those_o proposition_n which_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a lord_n peter_n de_fw-fr cugneriis_fw-la he_o beseech_v the_o king_n for_o his_o soul_n health_n to_o maintain_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n desire_v he_o to_o consider_v what_o commodity_n he_o daily_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n and_o that_o his_o church_n never_o fail_v he_o yet_o when_o he_o have_v need_n of_o the_o laity_n show_v the_o danger_n and_o example_n of_o they_o who_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_n further_o he_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o weigh_v how_o entire_o his_o lord_n the_o pope_n do_v love_v his_o person_n and_o realm_n after_o this_o in_o the_o say_a session_n the_o aforesaid_a bishop_n of_o edven_n answer_v particular_o to_o the_o article_n exhibit_v by_o the_o lord_n peter_n in_o writing_n to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n which_o because_o they_o touch_v more_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o law_n and_o style_n of_o the_o court_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o our_o history_n and_o because_o i_o will_v not_o burden_n this_o treatise_n with_o they_o little_a profit_n be_v contain_v in_o they_o i_o have_v here_o purposely_o for_o brevity_n sake_n omit_v they_o the_o next_o friday_n after_o this_o the_o prelate_n assemble_v at_o vicenas_n before_o the_o king_n to_o hear_v their_o answer_n where_o the_o aforesaid_a peter_n de_fw-fr cugneriis_fw-la be_v prolucutor_n for_o the_o king_n say_v that_o their_o king_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o prelate_n which_o they_o have_v by_o law_n and_o by_o good_a aâ—d_n reasonable_a custom_n where_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o conclusion_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o cognition_n of_o civil_a cause_n ought_v not_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o church_n for_o that_o such_o thing_n be_v temporal_a and_o aught_o to_o pertain_v to_o the_o temporalty_n as_o spiritual_a thing_n to_o the_o spiritualty_n and_o beside_o his_o other_o reason_n he_o allege_v the_o 86._o distinct_a declare_v that_o for_o this_o intent_n the_o clerk_n crown_n be_v first_o shave_v in_o sign_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o worldliness_n and_o forsake_v all_o temporal_a thing_n he_o add_v that_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v ready_a to_o hear_v they_o who_o will_v instruct_v he_o of_o any_o custom_n and_o those_o custom_n which_o be_v good_a and_o reasonable_a he_o will_v observe_v the_o bishop_n edven_o answer_v for_o all_o the_o prelate_n say_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n peter_n engender_v darkness_n and_o obscurity_n and_o may_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o break_v and_o 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that_o his_o mind_n and_o intent_n be_v not_o to_o impugn_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n the_o sunday_n follow_v the_o bishop_n assemble_v themselves_o again_o before_o the_o king_n at_o vicenas_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o senon_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o prelate_n give_v humble_a thanks_o for_o it_o and_o he_o beseech_v that_o such_o proclamation_n as_o be_v make_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n may_v be_v revoke_v and_o repeal_v hereunto_o the_o king_n himself_o answer_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n that_o they_o be_v not_o publish_v at_o his_o commandment_n neither_o do_v he_o know_v of_o they_o nor_o ratify_v they_o moreover_o the_o bishop_n propose_v that_o those_o abuse_n which_o the_o temporalty_n complain_v of_o shall_v be_v so_o order_v and_o reform_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v content_a therewith_o final_o he_o beseech_v the_o king_n that_o he_o will_v give_v they_o a_o full_a and_o more_o comfortable_a answer_n then_o answer_v the_o lord_n peter_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n that_o if_o the_o prelate_n and_o bishop_n will_v see_v reformation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v about_o which_o he_o will_v take_v respite_n betwixt_o this_o and_o christmas_n next_o follow_v his_o majesty_n will_v innovate_v nothing_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o if_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a space_n they_o will_v not_o correct_v and_o reform_v what_o be_v amiss_o his_o majesty_n will_v appoint_v such_o order_n and_o remedy_n that_o shall_v be_v acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o his_o subject_n then_o the_o prelate_n have_v leave_v of_o the_o king_n to_o depart_v and_o go_v hoâ—â—e_v a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o bishop_n edven_n answer_n with_o certain_a note_n in_o answer_n to_o his_o popish_a reason_n may_v be_v read_v in_o the_o act_n and_o monument_n of_o the_o church_n p._n 476._o 477._o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n have_v since_o that_o time_n attempt_v to_o usurp_v this_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o laity_n in_o case_n of_o adultery_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o complaint_n which_o be_v make_v of_o it_o by_o peter_n de_fw-fr cugneriis_fw-la praelator_n in_o libr._n compos_fw-la super_fw-la facto_fw-la praelator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n judge_n which_o we_o may_v read_v at_o this_o day_n extant_a do_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o trouble_n and_o always_o whatsoever_o the_o clergy_n attempt_v to_o meddle_v in_o such_o matter_n they_o have_v be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o appeal_n as_o from_o abuse_n which_o have_v be_v put_v in_o against_o their_o decree_n pope_n clement_n have_v promise_v unto_o king_n philip_n to_o abolish_v the_o memory_n of_o pope_n boniface_n viii_o and_o to_o annul_v all_o his_o act_n but_o by_o advice_n of_o cardinal_n pratensis_n he_o delay_v unto_o a_o general_a council_n and_o this_o he_o summon_v to_o be_v hold_v at_o vienna_n in_o france_n 878._o naucler_n p._n 872._o and_o 878._o where_o the_o king_n require_v from_o the_o pope_n the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n the_o council_n do_v acknowledge_v boniface_n to_o have_v be_v a_o lawful_a pope_n but_o they_o do_v declare_v all_o his_o act_n against_o the_o king_n to_o have_v be_v unjust_a and_o that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o his_o successor_n in_o this_o council_n the_o pope_n propound_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o christian_n in_o syria_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o templar_n and_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o church_n war_n be_v proclaim_v and_o indulgence_n be_v offer_v in_o these_o word_n we_o will_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o hell_n be_v no_o way_n lay_v upon_o he_o who_o be_v sign_v with_o the_o cross_n grant_v also_o unto_o every_o sign_a person_n power_n to_o pull_v three_o or_o four_o soul_n out_o of_o purgatory_n at_o their_o pleasure_n hereat_o the_o divine_n of_o paris_n be_v offend_v because_o it_o
partly_o otherwise_o slay_v partly_o send_v to_o the_o galley_n twenty_o five_o person_n that_o flee_v into_o a_o cave_n near_o the_o town_n of_o mussy_n be_v smother_v to_o death_n with_o smoke_n certain_a of_o the_o helvetian_o sue_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n to_o favour_v the_o waldenses_n but_o no_o entreaty_n will_v serve_v but_o the_o bloody_a tyrant_n minerius_n the_o governor_n of_o provence_n escape_v not_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n for_o god_n smite_v he_o with_o a_o terrible_a disease_n and_o he_o feel_v as_o it_o be_v a_o fire_n burn_v he_o from_o the_o navel_n upward_o and_o the_o low_a part_n be_v rot_v and_o consume_v away_o with_o vermine_n with_o a_o extreme_a stink_n and_o profusion_n of_o blood_n in_o place_n of_o his_o urine_n and_o so_o with_o great_a torment_n he_o end_v his_o wretched_a life_n lewes_n the_o vain_a brother-in-law_n to_o the_o say_v minerius_n the_o precedent_n and_o also_o the_o brother_n and_o the_o son-in-law_n to_o peter_n durant_n master_n butcher_n of_o the_o town_n of_o aix_n these_o three_o do_v slay_v one_o another_o upon_o a_o certain_a strife_n that_o fall_v between_o they_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o day_n the_o judge_n of_o aix_n who_o accompany_v minerius_n in_o the_o same_o persecution_n as_o he_o return_v homeward_o go_v over_o the_o river_n of_o durance_n be_v drown_v by_o a_o ordinance_n of_o this_o king_n francis_n i._o date_v january_n 15._o 1546._o the_o visitation_n of_o the_o hospital_n and_o other_o charitable_a place_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o judge_n royal_a 4_o voye_n le_fw-fr recueil_fw-fr des_fw-fr ordonnance_n fait_fw-fr par_fw-fr fontanon_n tom._n 4._o tit._n 27_o des_fw-fr malad_n &_o hospit_n ca._n 4_o ordinary_n of_o the_o place_n where_o such_o hospital_n be_v situate_a all_o governor_n and_o administrator_n of_o hospital_n or_o other_o charitable_a foundation_n shall_v be_v compel_v by_o our_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n next_o adjoin_v to_o give_v up_o their_o account_n of_o the_o revenue_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o say_a hospital_n by_o what_o title_n soever_o they_o hold_v they_o together_o with_o the_o charter_n and_o title_n of_o their_o foundation_n if_o they_o have_v any_o within_o two_o month_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o present_n who_o we_o command_v and_o express_o enjoin_v every_o one_o respective_o within_o his_o precinct_n and_o jurisdiction_n that_o immediate_o after_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o present_n they_o visit_v the_o say_a hospital_n and_o charitable_a foundation_n time_n orontius_n fineus_n be_v professor_n of_o the_o mathematics_n at_o paris_n at_o this_o time_n to_o inquire_v of_o the_o revenue_n estate_n and_o reparation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o number_n of_o bed_n and_o poor_a people_n who_o they_o shall_v find_v there_o there_o be_v four_o stevens_n frenchman_n henry_n the_o father_n and_o robert_n his_o son_n henry_n robert_n son_n and_o paul_n the_o son_n of_o that_o henry_n all_o learned_a man_n and_o printer_n robert_n stevens_n not_o only_o print_v but_o make_v many_o excellent_a work_n himself_o his_o thesaurus_fw-la linguae_fw-la latinae_fw-la be_v incomparable_a antoine_n du_fw-fr verdier_n in_o his_o bibliotheque_fw-fr commend_v he_o and_o this_o work_n bibliothec_n gesner_n bibliothec_n dictionarium_fw-la seu_fw-la latinae_fw-la linguae_fw-la thesaurus_fw-la non_fw-la singulas_fw-la modò_fw-la dictiones_fw-la continens_fw-la sed_fw-la integras_fw-la quoque_fw-la latinè_n &_o loquendi_fw-la &_o scribendi_fw-la formulas_fw-la ex_fw-la optimis_fw-la quibusque_fw-la latinae_fw-la linguae_fw-la scriptoribus_fw-la opus_fw-la excusum_fw-la parisiis_fw-la apud_fw-la authorem_fw-la divisum_fw-la in_o tomos_n tres_fw-la anno_fw-la 1542._o he_o publish_v a_o edition_n of_o the_o latin_a bible_n wherein_o he_o have_v confer_v the_o copy_n that_o be_v in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n with_o some_o old_a manuscript_n and_o according_a to_o they_o he_o amend_v some_o error_n the_o university_n take_v this_o ill_a that_o he_o have_v attempt_v to_o change_v the_o translation_n he_o defend_v himself_o that_o he_o have_v change_v nothing_o but_o have_v print_v according_a to_o old_a copy_n which_o he_o have_v by_o he_o his_o answer_n be_v tolerable_a in_o the_o judgement_n of_o reasonable_a man_n nevertheless_o they_o pursue_v he_o before_o the_o court_n of_o paris_n and_o do_v petition_n that_o he_o may_v be_v burn_v 109._o in_o respon_n rob._n steph._n ad_fw-la censuram_fw-la theologot_n paris_n pag._n 109._o but_o their_o petition_n be_v burn_v then_o he_o print_v the_o bible_n retain_v the_o corrupt_a translation_n and_o in_o the_o margin_n he_o add_v the_o word_n of_o the_o manuscript_n with_o note_n show_v the_o copy_n whence_o he_o have_v these_o word_n these_o do_v accuse_v he_o before_o king_n francis_n and_o his_o council_n but_o be_v put_v to_o shame_n and_o silence_n then_o he_o print_v the_o ten_o commandment_n in_o great_a letter_n and_o in_o such_o a_o form_n that_o they_o may_v be_v fix_v upon_o wall_n of_o house_n for_o common_a use_n and_o so_o do_v he_o with_o a_o sum_n of_o the_o bible_n this_o do_v provoke_v they_o yet_o more_o especial_o because_o he_o have_v print_v the_o second_o commandment_n thou_o shall_v not_o make_v unto_o thyself_o any_o grave_a image_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o accuse_v he_o but_o the_o king_n give_v he_o a_o warrant_n to_o reprint_v both_o the_o ten_o commandment_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o bible_n both_o in_o latin_a and_o french_a they_o summon_v he_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o say_v that_o his_o work_n be_v worse_a than_o the_o teach_v of_o luther_n fifteen_o person_n do_v approve_v he_o and_o add_v their_o seal_n unto_o his_o attestation_n so_o the_o most_o of_o they_o see_v the_o king_n warrant_n and_o that_o attestation_n be_v ashamed_a and_o their_o deputy_n do_v assoil_v he_o r._n stevens_n do_v first_o distinguish_v the_o verse_n of_o the_o bible_n with_o arithmetical_a figure_n henry_n stevens_n his_o thesauri_fw-la linguae_fw-la graecae_fw-la and_o his_o other_o work_n show_v his_o great_a ability_n scaevola_n samarthanus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o epigram_n have_v these_o verse_n in_o gellii_n noctes_fw-la attica_n ad_fw-la h._n stephanum_n quis_fw-la stephanum_n esse_fw-la neget_fw-la phoebi_fw-la de_fw-la semine_fw-la cretum_fw-la obscuris_fw-la adfert_fw-la noctibus_fw-la ille_fw-la diem_fw-la henry_n stevens_n robert_n son_n make_v also_o the_o greek_a concordance_n beda_n work_n be_v print_v in_o three_o tome_n at_o paris_n anno_fw-la 1545._o at_o this_o time_n flourish_v francis_n vatablus_n regius_n prefessor_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n in_o paris_n king_n francis_n order_v he_o to_o expound_v the_o old_a testament_n out_o of_o the_o original_a and_o his_o hearer_n do_v write_v his_o exposition_n and_o his_o annotation_n the_o king_n printer_n deal_v with_o the_o hearer_n and_o receive_v from_o they_o a_o new_a translation_n which_o he_o print_v with_o the_o old_a translation_n and_o with_o the_o annotation_n this_o work_n be_v perfect_v in_o the_o year_n 1545._o he_o show_v it_o unto_o some_o of_o the_o university_n entreat_v they_o to_o show_v he_o if_o any_o part_n thereof_o have_v not_o be_v right_o observe_v by_o the_o hearer_n to_o the_o end_n if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n amiss_o he_o may_v amend_v it_o they_o do_v approve_v the_o work_n and_o assure_v he_o that_o no_o evil_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o lecture_n of_o vatablus_n but_o the_o book_n be_v sell_v some_o observe_v that_o the_o translation_n and_o the_o annotation_n be_v contrary_a unto_o the_o present_a doctrine_n of_o the_o university_n and_o therefore_o the_o book_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v see_v they_o be_v print_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o faculty_n the_o printer_n go_v unto_o the_o court_n and_o show_v peter_n castellan_n bishop_n of_o mascon_n that_o the_o university_n be_v offend_v and_o intend_v to_o hinder_v the_o sell_n 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1626._o and_o the_o next_o day_n the_o general_n and_o particular_a deputy_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v they_o king_n lewes_n make_v a_o severe_a edict_n against_o duel_n and_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n not_o to_o show_v any_o favour_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v break_v it_o about_o this_o time_n there_o arise_v very_o great_a dispute_n in_o the_o university_n of_o paris_n especial_o between_o the_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n about_o a_o certain_a book_n compose_v by_o sanctarellus_n a_o jesuit_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o power_n pope_n have_v over_o king_n which_o book_n have_v be_v approve_v by_o their_o chief_a precedent_n by_o the_o pope_n vicegerent_n and_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o holy_a palace_n his_o doctrine_n be_v that_o pope_n have_v a_o power_n of_o direction_n or_o rather_o correction_n over_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o excommunicate_v they_o but_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n too_o and_o absolve_v their_o subject_n from_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o heresy_n apostasy_n or_o any_o other_o great_a public_a crime_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o insufficiency_n of_o their_o person_n or_o for_o their_o not_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n may_v at_o last_o give_v their_o state_n to_o such_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o present_a it_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n among_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v oppose_v by_o several_a book_n which_o then_o be_v publish_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o divine_n do_v condemn_v it_o some_o indeed_o of_o the_o old_a league_n seem_v to_o favour_v it_o but_o the_o parliament_n call_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o jesuit_n before_o they_o and_o oblige_v they_o to_o sign_n a_o declaration_n by_o which_o they_o shall_v condemn_v the_o say_a book_n and_o to_o cause_v another_o of_o the_o like_a to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o all_o the_o provincial_n and_o rector_n and_o by_o six_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o every_o one_o of_o their_o college_n in_o france_n and_o so_o order_v the_o book_n to_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o common_a hangman_n with_o prohibition_n to_o the_o stationer_n to_o sell_v any_o of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v combination_n of_o divers_a grandee_n of_o the_o court_n against_o the_o king_n and_o state_n madam_n de_fw-fr chevuruse_n be_v discontent_v that_o her_o private_a intelligence_n with_o the_o english_a ambassador_n be_v so_o public_o take_v notice_n of_o do_v not_o a_o little_a promote_v the_o undertake_n by_o her_o animate_v of_o monsieur_n the_o grand_a prior_n and_o chalais_n to_o execute_v it_o both_o which_o be_v engage_v by_o love_n to_o she_o as_o also_o that_o the_o colonel_n d'ornano_n abuse_v monsieur_n goodness_n and_o the_o credit_n which_o his_o place_n give_v he_o do_v absolute_o divert_v he_o from_o the_o marriage_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v so_o earnest_o desire_v shall_v be_v celebrate_v the_o cardinal_n discover_v that_o chalais_n be_v one_o of_o chief_a instrument_n 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publish_v a_o monitorium_fw-la fix_v upon_o all_o public_a place_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v labour_v about_o it_o this_o proceed_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o strange_a thing_n by_o the_o king_n officer_n the_o sieur_n guillet_n present_o call_v a_o council_n of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n of_o the_o town_n to_o consider_v of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v where_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o tear_v down_o such_o paper_n as_o have_v be_v any_o where_o post_v up_o and_o to_o set_v other_o in_o their_o place_n of_o a_o contrary_a tenor_n in_o the_o king_n behalf_n which_o be_v present_o do_v the_o bishop_n offend_v at_o it_o thunder_v out_o a_o excommunication_n the_o next_o day_n against_o guillet_n which_o he_o fasten_v in_o divers_a place_n and_o have_v give_v order_n to_o his_o vicar_n not_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n to_o his_o pretend_a authority_n he_o depart_v from_o verdun_n and_o ride_v post_n to_o cologne_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o sieur_n 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