functioÌ„s by the countries wherin men are born by the color by the age which being al coÌ„sirered we may iudg of euery mans coÌ„plexion CO. How know you the teÌ„perature of mans body by the coÌ„stiturioÌ„s Lo. Galen saith those which are fat be cold like as fatnes is ingeÌ„dered of a cold habitude Those that be grosse full of flesh be hot because much flesh is ingeÌ„dered of great abundaÌ„ce of blod as saith AuiceÌ„ Co. How know you the teÌ„perature of maÌ„s body by the operatioÌ„s Lo. Galen saith that any creature plant or hearb is of a good temperature wheÌ„ they do well their functioÌ„s natural Co. How by the natioÌ„s or countries know you the temperatur Lo. The people towards the South are melaÌ„cholick cruel vindicatyf always timide they are subiect to bee mad furious as often chanceth in the Realme of Feze and Marock in Africk Ethiopia and Egipt where there is a great number of mad men they are also subiect to be lepre chiefly in Ethiopia they be leane pale coloured black eyed and are hot by the natural aire Galen they are also subiect to Venus gaimes because of the melancholicke spumous humor which is cause that the Kings of that countrie haue had all times a great nuÌ„ber of wiues Concubines so that some haue had three hundreth foure hundreth some a Thousand as reporteth Bodin in his commonwealth They are subiect to the falling sickenesse and Scrofules and feuer quartane yet they are wise modest and moderate in their actions they are also proper for the contemplation of naturall and diuine thinges they haue little interior heate and for that cause are abstinent because they cannot digest much meate so we may saye that those people being subiect to greatest sicknesses and vices are also adorned with greatest vertues where they are good The people towards the North are cold and humide neyther so wicked nor deceytfull they are faithfull and true yet because they are of a grosser wit and more strength they are more cruell barbarous they haue greater force and are stroÌ„ger by reason of the thicknes coldnes of the blood they be verie couragious for the great abundance of blood and smaler iudgment they haue great heate in their interior partes and therefore eate well and drinke better which is an vnhappie vice They are highe in stature great bodied more beautyfull than those of the South lesse giueÌ„ to the lust of the flesh lesse subiect to ielosie which is a common vice to the people towards the East as Greekes and Turkes or West as Spayne such like countries But principally the people of the South from whom is come the vse to geld men whome they call Eunuches to keepe their wiues Moreouer they who are towards the North are more laborious and giuen to artes mechanicks more proper for wars than sciences The people betwixt the South and the North as Italie Faunce and such like be almost of the Northen peoples temperature but somewhat hotter they haue lesse internall heate and force than the Northern people but more theÌ„ they of the South and therefore decide their quarrells oftener by reason than force Yet it is certaine that they of the Weste draw more to the qualities of those of the North like as those of the East to the conditions of those of the South CO. How know you by the coulor mans temperature LO Galen sayth those which are of color somewhat red yellow or blew be of a hot temperature those which are blacke white or leade color are of a cold complexioÌ„ otherwise be the foure colors the red the yellow the blacke the white the red is ordinarily sanguine the black is melancholy the yellow is collericke the white is Phlegmatick CO. How know you mans temperature by the age LO For as much as there is a perticuler of the age we will deferre it till we come to that chapter CO. By what outward marks know you euery mans coÌ„plexion LO He of the sanguine complexion is fleshie liberall louing amiable gratious merrie ingenious audacious giuen to Venus game red coloured with diuers other qualities which sheweth the domination of the blood and it is hot and humide is in good health in sommer and in winter by reason of his humidity The cholericke is hastie prompt in all his affaires enuious couetous subtill hardy angrie valiant prodigall leane yellow coloured and is hot and drie is in good health in winter The Flegmaticke is fat soft white sleepie slothfull dull of vnderstanding heauie much spitting white coloured finallie his temperature essentiall or accidentall is cold and moist and in good health in sommer The Melancholicke which is eyther by nature or accident of colour liuide and plumbin and solitarie coward timide sad enuious curious auaritious leane weake tardife and so foorth and is cold and drie and are well in haruest As touching the complexioÌ„ of euery age you shal heare in the chapter of age and for the complexioÌ„ of euery part of the body ye shall heare in the poore mans guide The sixt Chapter of Humors CO. Thou knowest that the most part of all sicknesses proceedeth and are entertayned by some humor and sometime by sundry humors together therfore it is most necessarie that the Chirurgian know perfectly the humors of our bodies to the end he giue the better order for the curation of maladies then tell me what is an humor LO It is a thin substance into the which our nourishment is first conuerted or it is an naturall Ius that the body is intertained norished or conserued with CO. Wherof proceedeth the humors LO Of the iuice or chiles which is made in the stomack of the aliment wee are nuorished with changed by the naturall heate of the stomacke and parts neere thereto therafter brought to the lyuer by the veines meseraicks and maketh the foure humors which differeth in nature and kind CO. How many humors are there LO There are foure which represent the foure Elements aswell by the substance as qualities whereof euery thing is made Galen calleth them the elements of our body CO which are the foure humors Lo. The blood the phlegme the choller and melancholie CO. What is the blood LO It is an humor hot aerious of good consistance red coloured swete tasted most necessarie for the nourishment of the parts of our body which are hot and humide ingendered in the lyuer retayned in the veines and is compared to the aire as sayth Galen CO. What is phlegmie LO It is an humor cold and humide thyn in consistance white coloured when it is in the veines it nourisheth the parts cold and humide it lubrifieth the the mouing ef the ioynts is compared to the water CO. What is chollâ—r LO It is an humor hot and drie of thyn and subtill consistence black coloured bitter tasted proper to nourish the parts hot and dry it is comparrd to the fire
beginning that aswell on the sore as about it but that which is on the sore must not be so astringent nor corrobaritiue as that which is about it CO. How many kinds of repercussiues ere there LO There are diuers for some be cold without astriction like as bol armenie plantine the stone hermatite some bee hot as galles red wine nuts of Cipres wormewood mastick and such like CO. Are they not otherwise deuided LO Guydo of Gâ—leaâ— doth deuide them into proper commune the proper as oxycrate solanum bol armenie wormwood 〈◊〉 such like the commune as whites of eggs mallowes oyle of Roses camomill mastick white colyriuÌ„ such like CO. How shall these diuers sortes be vsed LO When the matter is hot the repercussiues shal be cold and when it is cold they shal be hot CO. Are repercussiues indifferently vsed in all sicknesses LO There are ten exceptions wherin the propers are not vsed first when the matter is in the emunctoirs of the noble partes secondly if the matter be venemous thirdly being thick euil to remoue fourthly when it is verie hard impacted in the place fiftly when it hapneth in the crisis of a sicknes sixtly when the matter commeth of a cause primitiue seauenthly in a body plethorick eightly when the part is weake and the body destitute of force ninthly wheÌ„ it is in the noble parts tenthly when it is with vehement dolor and in that we vse anodines and not repercussiues CO. How is the second intentioÌ„ done Lo. By euacuting that which is done in â—he place and that by resoluing and discutient medicaments and euaporatiues that are meanly hot and humide likewise by drawing emplasters by sucking ventousing ' incisioÌ„ of the part grieued as sayth Auicen but yet in both the euacuations we must regard the quaÌ„titie and qualitie of the matter which the tumor is composed of as also to the nature of the place where it is for we must not cure those which proceede of blood as those which come of phlegme chollor or melaÌ„choly also we must respect the nature of parts for we must vse other remedies in soft humid parts as the flesh glaÌ„des thaÌ„ in hard dry parts as nerues ligameÌ„ts cartilages bones We must also haue respect to the parts of the body for some are simples others coÌ„posed some of one teÌ„perature some of another so the remedies must be vsed to the part We must also respect the coÌ„firmation of the part for some are hollow without or within some are soft easie to receiue fluxioÌ„ in like manner we must regard the coÌ„munications of the veines one with an other also to the coÌ„modity of the coÌ„duits to expell the excremeÌ„ts as also to the vertue of the place for som are seÌ„sible some not as also the diuersity of the parts for some are noble parts as the braine hart lyuer which send the vertue through al the body by the nerues arters veines others doe serue the principall parts without whose action we cannot liue like as the stomacke the kidneyes bladder and sundry others In partes that are sensible wee must beware to apply medicines that loose resolue 〈◊〉 or to apply any thing that is of a strange qualitieâ— and venemous CO. Are there no other thinges to bee considered in the cure of tumors LO We take our indication according to the diuersitie of the tumor CO. How many sortes of tumor are there LO Foure some are hard some soft some inward some vlcered CO. What remedies vse you in these apostumes LO In hard apostumes we vse remedies that soften and haue a hot and somewhat drie vertue wee vse no resolutiues in such tumors by reason the matter waxeth hard like a stone the soft are cured by hotte thinges that resolue and open the pores the vlcered apostumes like as formica are healed by colde things the inward are cured by diminishing the matter with bleeding purging and other generall remedies abstaining from all strong drinke violent exercise perturbations of the minde like as anger feare and the rest which yee haue heard in the treatise of vnnaturall things the rest of the cure pertaineth to the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian vsing such remedies that soften and make ripe as cassia fistula triacle and solanum which haue great vertue to resolue hidden apostumes as writeth Hollerius and Marianus sanctus CO. If the apostumes ende not by resolution induration nor corruption but by suppuration what is to be done LO It must be opened CO. By howe many wayes LO Two wayes either by themselues or helpe of the Chirurgian CO. Which are opened by themselues LO Those which are hot eminentes soft and tender skinned CO. In what time doe they open LO Some in tenne fifteene or twentie dayes some in fortie or threescore dayes but according as we apply fitte remedies some open sooner and some are longer in opening CO. Which are those which are opened by the helpe of the Chirurgian LO Those which are hard large and thicke skinned cold and in bodies euill disposed in parts membranous and the emunctoires CO. How many waies helpeth the Chirurgian LO Two wayes either by canter actuall potentiall or by incision CO. Howe many wayes maketh the Chirurgian his incision LO Three wayes in length breadth and circular CO. What meane you by the length LO When it is according to the rectitude of the muscles nerues membranes to the ende the action of the part may be preserued CO. When by the breadth LO When we haue intention to destroy the action of the part as in spasme or conuulsion we cut the nerue or muscle ouerthwart to saue the rest for better it is that one member be debilitated then to lose the whole bodie CO. WheÌ„ vse we incision circular LO When the cauitie is great to the end the matter may euacuate the better CO. You haue answered to me sufficiently touching apostumes in generall I would haue you hereafter particularly to intreat of euery one of them by themselues beginning at those which proceede of bloud and first with Phlegmon because it is most common and causeth many diuers accidents thereafter followe out the rest in order aswell generall as particular so at our next meeting we will intreat of woundes after the same method The second Chapter of Phlegmon PHlegmon is a tumor against nature ingendred of defluxion of bloud in diuers partes of the bodie but most commonly in the soft partes and is of colour redde sore hard inflamed accompanied with feuers and diuers other accidents Of it there are two sortes the true Phlegmon is ingendred of naturall bloud being in any parte more then is needefull for the vse thereof the other commeth of vnnaturall bloud altered by some chaunge as by mixtion of one or moe of the other humors with it so according to the domination of the humor it taketh the name as
for example if the choller domaine amongst the bloud more then the rest of the humors the tumor shal be called phlegmonerisipelatus and in like manner in the rest as phlegmon edematus or schirrus so Galen saith that the humors are seldome found alone but mixed together The cause is triple primitiue antecedent and coniunct The primitiues are externall and first motiues as great vsage of meates which ingender much bloud also all those thinges which may moue the humors and prouoke fluxion falles strokes breaking of the bones contusion heate excessiue labour and such like The antecedant cause â— great superfluitie and aboundance of bloud offending either in quantitie qualitie or both intemperie euill confirmation and dolor of the part The cause coniunct or continent is the bloud or matter affixed in the affliged parte The signes are inflamation rednes hardnes feuer dolor and pulsation chiefly it being in maturitie The iudgementes the small ones doe often resolue the great ones doe often apostume sometiâ—e degender into great sickenesses according to the euill disposition of the bodie and partes where it chaunceth as mortification and schirre Sometime it returneth to the place it came froÌ„ as in the emunctoires of the noble parts As for the curation it shall be reduced to foure pointes according to Fâ—chius and Togatius the first in good diet of life secondly in staying the humour that floweth to the place thirdly in euacuating that which is in the place fourthly in correcting the accidents which often chaunce as saith Galen As touching the first which is good diet as saith Galen it shall be obserued in sixe thinges not naturals which shall be colde contrarie to the humor which is hotte sometime it shall be colde and humide and if it be with feuer the humor that floweth shall be diuerted by taking away the cause as repletion of the euill humors by bleeding purgations and also by strengthening the parte if it be debille also by frictions ventouseing and binding The humor shall be euacuated in diuers wayes according to the degrees of the apostumes as in the beginning we must vse repercussiues as whites of egges oxycrate rose and plantaine waters cataplasmes of bol armenie terra figillata barke of pomegranate henbane oyle of roses vnguent of roses album rasis diacalcitios or populeon For the augmentation which is the second degree we vse repercussiues and resolutiues like as mallowes plantaine roses wormewood barley flowre oyle of camomill oxicrate pouder of roses and mirtle sodden wine called sapa rose water vinegre saffron of which things you may make cataplasmes liniments fomentations as you shall finde expedient In the vigor we vse repercussiues and resolutiues in like force like as mallowes parietarie althea rosted vnder the ashes oyle of roses camomilli with a little beane flowre In the declination we vse only resolutiues Auicen counselleth to soften a little which shall be done with fomentations of althea origan lyne seede fenigrec flowers of camomill roses which thinges shall all be sodden in white wine mingled with a little barley meale and hony vnguent of aragon martiatum or agrippa de althea de melilâ—to or diachilon paruum We correct the accidents which is the fourth point as dolor which must be appeased by all meanes for the great accidents which often doe ensue For the which we vse oyle of roses waxe and wine sodden together as counselleth Galen Also cataplasmes of white bread and milke water oyle of roses violettes or camomill or annise seede or sweete almondes yolkes of egges with a little saffron in like manner the flowers of mallowes camomill and mellilot sodden in wine putting thereto a little barley flowre and goose grease lyne seede also vnguentes of roses and populeon If these thinges be not sufficient we take the leaues of henbane poppie rosted vnder the ashes and tempered with the iuice of sorrell and housleeke put to it a little hennes grease and saffron If the matter take the course inwrdly to some noble parte wee remedie it by application of ventouses cornettes frictions straight ligatures and such like If the matter com to a dispositioÌ„ schirrus we must vse medicameÌ„ts that soften digest as ye shall heare in the Chapter of schir If â—t tend to putrifaction it shal be helped by deepe scarifications cataplasmes made of beane flower soddeÌ„ in vineger and honye and such other remedies as ye shall heare in the Chapter of Gangren Oftentimes this tumor tendeth to suppuration which we knowe as sayth Paulus by the great swelling and rednes of the place eminent great heate dolor pulsation and feuer and such like those thinges being perceiued we passe from resolutiues to suppiâ—atiues as to foment the place first with hot water or oyle also with honie and water called Hydreleon making a cataplasme with wheate flower sodden in Hydrelâ—on putting to it a little fresh butter Calues greace Henns or Goose Also you may make a suppuratiue of Lillie roots Sorrell Parretarie and Mallowes sodden in Hydrelion put thereto a litle flower of Fenegreck Lyu-seede oyle of Lillies with a little sower leauen after it is taken of the fier put to it twoo yolkes of Egges this sort of remedie appeaseth well rhe dolor for the same effect we vse the emplaster called Dilachilon magnum or Basilicon The suppuration made we know by the diminution of the accidents and the tumor which is pointed also with pressing on it with the two thumbes we find it soft with great innundation Then if it open not shortly of it selfe it must be done by a ruptor or lancet otherwise it waxeth hollow and putrifieth within In the opening of it there are three tules to be obserued as yee haue heard in the generall Chapter Here we must obserue that the incision be made in the inferior part the matter must not be euacuated at one tyme make the incision the length eschewing nerues sinewes veines and arters and not by the breadth as sayth Auicen When it is opened we vse the yolke of an egge with a litle Turpintine oyle of Roses for a certain space therafter hony of Roses or sirupe of Roses mundificatiue de apio apostolorum or my mundificatiue set down in the poore mans guide or any other thing that munifieth sometime we adde a little egiptiac specially to those which withstand the former remedies the vlcer cleansed wee mixe with a little Turpintine and Honye some pouder of Irish aloes and thus or some little aureum with these pouders thereafter the emplaster of Diacalciteos or red desiccatiue and such like so the vlcer healeth The third Chapter of the tumor Feruncle or Dothine which proceedeth of Phlegmon WE haue spoken in the generall Chapter of diuers tumors which come of the sanguine humor as Phigethton Phinia and diuers others but by reason they may be cured by the generall râ—râ— of Phlegmon we let them passe and speake of the rest beginning
Mercurie egiptiac or such like thereafter incarnate and close the wound as in others Some vse only resolutiues on these tumors but such things are both tedious and vncertaine The twelfth Chapter of tumors ingendred of the Melancholick humor called by the Latins atra bilis or nigra cholera and first of Schirre SEing we haue suffitiently spoken of tumors ingendered of the sanguine chollerick and pituitous humor now it resteth to speake of those which proceede of melancholy called tumor Schirrus by reason the Greeke word Schirr signifieth hardnes Schirre is a tumor hard with litle or no dolor or feeling whereof there are two kindes the one is called the true Schirre exquisite the other is falles The true is as ye haue head the false is altogether without feeling yet hardly may it bee perceiued There is an other sort of Schirre ingendred of a phlegmaÌ„tick thick tough matter and is composed of an humor thick and cold The cause is a cold drie humor either of matter melancholick phlegmatick or both for first when the blood is made in the liuer there is ingendred in it a malancholicke humor which is like the dreggs of wine which afterwards is drawen to the milt for the nouriture thereof specially by the vsage of such meates as are apt to make the same and the milt weake to draw the same then it goeth into the veines and is mingled with the blood which by there vertue expuitrix expell it by the Hemorrhoides or varices sometime disperseth it through the skin and breedeth the Morphew or Leprosie Sometime it is caste on the most weake partes and according to the place and qualities of the humor breedeth eyther Schirre or Cancer If it bee cast on any drie part as ligamentes tendons ioyntes ends of the muscles or in the milt kidneis lyuer or matrix it causeth Schir If it bee cast on the softe partes as partes glandules as the pappes the emunctoires and face and the priuie partes it maketh cancer The cause also maye bee sadnesse suppression of the Hemorrhoides and menstruous purgations also by too much applying of cold medicines on tumors as erisipelas or phlegmon for by that meanes the most subtill doth resolue and the rest doth become hard The signes are these the tumor is hard and groweth slowly of colour liuide when it commeth of melancholie when of phlegme it is white and when of both humors together it is of a mixed colour as liuide and white and insensible because the humor is so thicke and drie which closeth the conduites of the nerues so that the animall spirite is inclosed in such sort that the part hath no feeling Those which haue no feeling are altogether incureable those that haue any feeling if they be taken in the beginning may be helped in some sort but hardly those which come to suppuration degendreth easily into schirre The Cure consisteth in three thinges first in diet tending to heat and humiditie abstayning from anger sadnesse feare and venerian exercise the second point consisteth in euacuating the matter antecedent by purgations bleeding by prouocation of the flowers hemerhoides the third point is to euacuate that which is contayned in the place which is done by things remollientes and resoluentes like as the grease of hennes cockes calues or geese also guÌ„me armoniac stirax galbanum rootes of althea lillies camomill of these we make liniments and cataplasmes also the emplaister of Diachilon magnum et album de vigo with double mercurie Galen commendeth goates dirt to bee an excellent remedie to discusse tumors schirrous Sometimes it happeneth in the tendons and then it is healed by perfumes made thus Take the stone called pyrâ—â—es or any other stone that is red hotte and quench it in strong vineger and then receiue the smoake on the sore part then apply remollientes sometime after the perfume the guÌ„me ammoniac dissolued in vineger is good and must be vsed with great discretion If none of these serue and it tende to suppuration we must not vse too hotte remedies to stirre it by reasoÌ„ it degendreth easily into Cancer for the which haue recourse to the next Chapter In some partes it may bee cut so yee cut all and leaue nothing adherent to the whole partes nor no roote of it For the great fluxe of bloud which happhneth either knit the veines or staunch it with canters actuall the which is dangerous when it occupieth the internall partes for the which Hippocrates forbiddes to seeke the exquisite cure of the occult Cancers The thirteenth Chapter of Cancer which the Greekes call Carsimonia VVE must vnderstand that Cancer is comprehended vnder the tumor Schirrous yet there is great difference for in Cancer there is great dolor punction and pulsation which is not in schirre it groweth sooner and hath great veines about it Cancer in Latine is the sore of a beast Guido saith it is called Cancer either by reason it sticketh to the parte like the fish Cancer or because it is round and hath veines about it like the feete of a Crabbe and is also like vnto it being liuide of colour as also because it gnaweth eateth and goeth like this fish It is a tumor inequall hauing the sides hard eminent turned and dolorous There are two kindes of it vlcered and not vlcered the vlcered is immobill hot by accident hauing many veines about it like the feete of Cancer the not vlcered is called Cancer occult The cause of it is a melancholicke humor drie not onely in the part as schirre but also in the veines about it the which by continuation of time maketh it more sharpe and maligne whereof commeth Cancer vlcered also euill diet vsing of thinges that breed thicke corrupted bloud with other such causes as ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter the debilitie of the milte and weakenes of the part These tumors for the most part are ingendred in womens pappes chiefly in those who haue great very fleshie pappes by reason they are glandulous and colde of themselues they breede also in the conduites of women lippes nose eyes eares roofe of the mouth legges handes and fundament by reason those partes are weake haue little naturall heate The signes are dolor tumor and they seeme soft but in touching are hard the vlcers inequal sordides the sides swelled horrible to looke on pale coloured euill sauoured by reason of the humor which is most sordide and stinking As for the iudgement those in the stomacke head shoulders necke and vnder the armes are all incureable because these places can not be cut for the great fluxe of bloud which may happen in them Some are little vlcered some much some recent others inueterate some in one parte and some in another some more maligne then others and for the most part are incureable It hath diuers denominations according
most part in the dry neruous parts but chiefly on the head and ioyntes on the hands feete The causes are strokes and wearines of the ioynts such other as ye haue heard in Aâ—â—â—roma as also the signes The cure first consisteth in good diet eschewing al meates which ingender grosse humors eate of things of good digestion abstaine from drinking of water purge bleede haunt no humide place as for the pâ—rticular remedies we must vnderstand that this humor is sometime inclosed in the membraine in that procede as in Aâ—â—â—â—oma sometime it is not inclosed and theÌ„ we may applye a cake of leade rubbed with quicksiluer or an emplaster resolutine made of galbanum ammoniac oyle of lillies and bayes brimstone virioll roman calcined Sometimes it is with corruption of the bone in that case the humor must be euacuated and the exfoliatioÌ„ of bone procured as ye shal heare in the chapter of vlcers with corruptioÌ„ of the bone For diuers other diseases of the head haue your recourse to heurnius demorbis capitis The third Chapter of the tumor in the eye called Lippitudo and Opthalmia in Greeke OPthalmia is an inflamatioÌ„ of the whole eye but chiefly of the membraine called coniunctiue with great rednes dolor The cause is either externall or internall the externall as strokes heate dust winde great cold rubbing or some moate in the eye the internall â—ause is defluxion of the humors being nere to the braines as also the veins externe interne of the head wherof procedeth fluxioÌ„ also the sanguine humor chollerick or phlegmatick which asceÌ„deth to the head The signs are manifest like as great inflamatioÌ„ rednes heat of the eies teÌ„ples dolor repletioÌ„ of the veins hardnes this sicknes hath 4. degrees like as other tumors hapneth ofteÌ„ to yoÌ„g childreÌ„ others who haue weake eies which is the cause that they are subiect to the fluxioÌ„ of humors The iudgmeÌ„ts are the matter of this is somtime hot otherwhiles cold and those which happeÌ„ in winter are the worse theÌ„ those which happeÌ„ in SoÌ„mer if they be neglected euill handled there follow euill accideÌ„ts as spots rupture of the cornea and diuers others If the dolor be vehement it is daÌ„gerous for corruptioÌ„ corrosion of the cornea As for the curatioÌ„ there are 3. things to be obserued the first is good diet eate litle chiefly at night abstaine froÌ„ al vaporous things al euil digestioÌ„ fishes fruits spices salt humide things abide neither in great darknes nor too much light for great light dissipeth the spirit sometime causeth blindnes as we read of the soldiors of Xenophanes who through going long in the snow became almost al blind Also Dioniâ—â—â—s tiraÌ„t of Sicil made blind his prisoÌ„ers after this sort first he imprisoÌ„ed theÌ„ long in a very dark place theÌ„ he brought them suddeÌ„ly into a great light so made theÌ„ all blind All colors are not expedieÌ„t for the sight the white dissipeth the spirits draweth them to it the black maketh them too dul there is nâ— color that coÌ„forteth the sight but grene blew violet which nature sheweth vs in the compositioÌ„ of the eye for the tunic vâ—e a sheweth the greene blewe of the part that looketh to the humor custalline Endeuor to be laxatiue walke not too much beware of al perturbâ—ons of the spirit from smoake and dust and blowing of Alchymie for both it hurteth the eye and consumeth the substance maketh men miserable both in bodie and goods hold vp thy head and abstayne from wine and women and such like as yee may perceiue by these verses of the learned Gordoniu Haec occulis multum sol puluis fumus et aestus Ventus cum fletu vina Venusque nocent Acria ne mandas nec quae sunt plena vaporum Nec caepas lentes allia poâ—ra fabas The second intention consisteth in euacuating diuerting the humor by pilles clisters bleeding of the veine Cephalicke ventouseing on the shoulders frictions on the thighes legges and extremities also by opening the veine and arters of the temples The third intention is in the topicall remedies as collyrs of diuers sorts according to the diuorsitie of the degree and time of the apostume as in the beginning of the inflamation take plantaine and rose water of each halfe an ounce two whites of egges and a little fennell water womens milke the muâ—ilages of hipsileon with a little trochistes of rasis sine opio a litilt caiphure put of thiis in the eye and at night make a cataplasme of an apple rosted and lay on the eye or this remedie which I haue often prooued not onely in the opthalmie but diuers other maladies of the eyes Take two ounces of white wine as much rose water and euphrage halfe a crownes waight of Tutie prepared as much of aloes 3. or 4. leaues of Massi put all in a violl and stoppe it close set it three weckes in the sunne instill thereof in the eyes In the meane time vse emplaisters on the temples of mastick de bolo et contra rupturam and such like to stay the fluxion For the great dolor vse the roasted apple with a little womens milk or a little plantaine water put betweene two clothes likewise for the vehement dolor the bloud of a pigeon or henne vnder the winges instilled is verie good there are diuers other remedies whereof we shall intreat more at length in the poore mans guide like as also of Egilops and Enchilops with diuers other maladi-s of the eyes The fourth Chapter of the tumors in the eares THere come many grieuous diseases in the eares sometime outwardly and sometime inwardly occupying sometime the whole eare sometime a part thereof The cause is an hotte humor and biting descending from the nerues of the fift coniugation with the dura mater dispersed in the conduite of the eare sometime a vaporous spirite cold thicke humor which maketh difficultie of hearing and sometime deafenes The Signes are manifest The iudgementes young people are more grieuously tormented then olde and die often afore it come to suppuration and that within 7. dayes by reason of the great accidents as feuer lightnesse sounding In old folkes it commeth oft to suppuration yet the dolor is verie vehement by reason of the nerue of the fift coniugation also for the membranes and propinquitie of the braines nature hath giuen it an exquisite feeling The cure consisteth in remedies vniuersall and particular vniuersall as good dyet abstayning from wine and all strong drinke and fumie bleeding of the veine Cephalicke and vsing of clysters or some gentle medicines according to the humor as ye haue heard in Opthalmi As for particular remedies they differ not much from others except that we vse no repercussiues abstayne from all cold remedies by reason of
mans guide which is most excellent and easie to be had The tenth Chpter of the tumor which commeth at the roote of the teeth called Epulides EPulides is a tumor or excrescence of flesh which commeth at the rootes of the teeth or betweene them in great quantitie chiefly about the teeth called molâ—res it augmenteth by little and little The cause is a sharpe biting humor which commeth from the head stomacke as chaunceth in putride feuers by the euill vapors which ascendeth and corrodeth the gummes it happeneth also after vlcers in the mouth chiefly to those who haue beene ill cured of the Neopolitane sickenesse The Signes are manifest to the sight touch as saith Auicen The Iudgmentes are that sometime it is as great as an egge sometime it groweth to both the iawes in such sorte that the mouth cannot open The topical remedies consist in vsage of thinges discutient as decoction seminis lini such like sometime it suppureth and then cure it as in others ye haue heard Sometime it neither suppureth nor discusseth and then yee shall proceede as I did in Paris to a Gentlemans boy who had his mouth so growen together on both sides that nothing almost could enter therein and it was in this wise First I made incision and cutte the most part of the excrescence so consumed the rest with causticke powders and produced the cicatrice and he healed To others I haue knitte the excrescence with a threede the which I finde more sure and not to be feared neither for fluxe of bloud nor inflammation that which remained after the threede was fallen I consumed it with pouder of mercurie allom vitrioll aqua fortis and such like Sometime this Tumor is hard and schirrous for the which ye must vse palliatiues as in the Chapter of Schirre As for the maladies of the teeth the way to correct and helpe their deformitie to drawe the corrupted and put artificiall in their place ye shall heare at length in the Treatise of the poore mans guide The eleuenth Chapter of the Tumor which happeneth vnder the tongue called Batrachos or Rannuculus RAnnuculus is a tumor of the veines vnder the tongue and is sometime of such greatnesse that yee would thinke it another tongue this happeneth ofâ— to children and old folk so that the voice is intercepted The cause is a slyme pituitous humor which discâ—â—deth from the head and when the tumor is excrescence of flesh the cause is as of other excrescâ—nces It is coÌ„monly wrapped in a chest or little membraine like as Atâ—â—â—â—ma The sigâ—es are euident and it is in coulor like a frogge called Râ—na wherof it taketh the name with gret tumor in the veins of the tongue which suffoketh the sick In opening of it the sick somtime becommeth madde as I did once see Iaques Guilmio Chirurgian reporteth to haue seene it foure times As for the cure that which happeneth in childreÌ„ is healed with gargarismes resoluentis and iucisiues in old folke the veines vnder the tongue must be opened If the ranuill be great it must bee cut drawen away the superfluitie which remaineth shal be dried with sall ammoniac flos aeris such like Sometime we cut it with a bistorie and apply caâ—â—erâ— actuals As for the litle pustulles which come in the mouth that the Latins cal Aphthae as also diuers others yee shall heare at length in my Treatise of the deliuerie of women where I intreate of those diseases which commonly happen to yong children The twelth Chapter of the tumor in the neck called by the Latins Stuma or Scrofulae STruma is an inflamation of bloud and pituite in the soft and glandulous partes as vnder the chyn and oxters on the papps and bâ—tweene the thigh and the body and may happen in any part of the body The matter that is ingendred of is a rotten thick matter congealed blood like glandes The cause are falles strokes or humor pituitous mixed with melancholie also drinking of euil waters where through many were infected at the siege of Paris also the retentio of the excremeÌ„ts of the braines which should auoide by the muoth nose eares eies This disease happeneth oftenest to yong children both for the raritiâ— of the skin and gulosite for the which some cal them Scrofulae by the simtlitude of a greedie beast called Scrofa The signes are apparent to the sight in the parts where they are sometime few in number sometime many and are couered membranes like Atâ—â—â—oma Steotoma The Iudgements are that those which are superficiall mobill and not many in number may resolue vnmoueable hard maling doe not resolue or hardly receiueth any curation those that are great and neare the tracharter are difficill in opening by reason of the nerues recurrent which being cut the sick waxeth dum they are also difficill when they are accoÌ„panied with veines for feare of flux of blood The cure coÌ„sisteth in remedies vniuersals pâ—rticuler as in good regiment eate litle and of light digestion abstaine froÌ„ such things as ingender grosse humors purge oft blede in both thy armes haâ—nt no humide places the drink shal be composed after this forme take Scrofularia 3. parts Scolupendula 2. parts Pilosella and Brassica of ech a litle the toots of Reddish and Aristolochia a little seeth them al in white wine with a little honey till the halfe be consumed of this ye shall vse 3. ounces in the morning euery 2. daies once I haue vsed to diuers with good seccesse a decoction laxatiue the space of 15. or 20. dais also my confectioÌ„ set down in the poore mans guide The pâ—rticuler remedies are to rubbe the part with a little salt butter fryed in a pan with a litle vineger till it grow black some vse the emplaster de vigo with mercurie also the cataplasme set downe in the Chapter of Paristhimia If it tend to suppuration vse this take the leaues and roots of mallowes lillies of ech 2. ounces leaues of camomill one haÌ„dful make a decoctioÌ„ to the which adde the flower of beanes lyn-seed and â—enigreck an 3. ounces swines greace that is flesh a pond make cataplasme putting to it a litle oyle of â—rin and lillies this â—ath the verru both to digest â—ype WheÌ„ it is opened cure it as ye haue heard in others Sometimes children hauing scabs in the head the brains humide by wrong lying taking cold in the night haue the glandes tumified for remedy wherof apply oile of camomill anissedes swete almoÌ„ds with a litle hennes greace butter If the tumor be hot add to it oile of roses violetts it is good also to rubbe it with fasting spittle till it growe hotte I haue heard of sundrie that haue beene cured perfectly by George Boswell a very learned Chirurgion of S. Iohns towne in
Scotland who is most skilfull in our Arte. The thirteenth Chapter of the tumor in the necke called Bruncoceli or Hernia gutturis THis Tumor which the Greekes call Broncon is rounde great ingendred of the humor Phlegmaticke betwix the trachearter and the skinne sometime occupying the most parte of the necke of the which there are diuers kindes according to the matter contained therein sometime like atâ—â—râ—ma other whiles like aâ—enfrisma The cause is not different from those that it is like vnto yet some are external some internal as coldayre drinking of euill water as those who dwell in Piemont who are much subiect because the most parte of their drinke is melted snowe also the retention of the purgations in women and great aboundance of the humor melancholicke The Signes are most euident to the sight The Iudgementes are that those that come by nature are incureable and those which are like aâ—eâ—frisma must not be touched those that are verie great aocompanied with veines are very dangerous in no wise to be touched those that are tractable must be opened by canter or lancet eschewing alwayes the veines The cure is like vnto atâ—â—râ—ma in the beginning it is good to apply a cake of leade rubbed with quicke siluer or the emplaister de vigo with mercurie and rubbing it with thy hand till it grow redde and vse things to prouoke spitting for the which it shall be expedient to vse fiue or sixe graines of the arabicke pouder in the meane time vse good dyet and thinges to cause loosenes of the bellie bleede in both armes if the maladie requireth Ye shall heare of this at more length in the Treatise of childe-birth by reason sometime it happeneth in time of trauailing The fourtenth Chapter of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma ANeâ—â—isme is an tumor sofr to the touch the which is ingendred of bloode and spirrit vnder the skin and muscles which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodye chiefly in the neck for which cause we speake of it in this place The cause is eyther dilatation incision or ruption of the arter which often chaunceh to women in the time of their birth to water men and others who vse violent labour through crying or greate violence which dilateth the arter The signes are this tumor in pressing on it with thy finger thou shalt feele great pulsasion and the tumor of the same coulor as the rest of the skin it is soft in touch and yeildeth to the finger by reason the spirrit retireth into the arter and hauing taken away the finger it doth returne presently and in returning making a noyse by reason of the blood and spirit which returneth at a litle incision this happeneth when the Aneâ—frisme is done by Anâ—stomis that is being opened and cut When the arier is riuen as happeneth in women and those of great exercise there issueth foorth more abundance of blood thaÌ„ spirrit and is more harde than the other and maketh lesse noyse in retiring Those which are superficiall in the exterior partes as the head legges and armes may bee knit and are cureable those which are profunde and interior as in the brest as of happenth to those who sweate excessiuely of the Venerian sicknes also those in the neck vnder the armes and flanckes and where there is great dilatation of great arters are not cureable but death ensueth in few dayes If the tumor be opened the patient dieth presentlye this happeneth oftentimes by the vnskilfulnes of the Barbors and Apothecaries that meddle therewith and ruine a number of people through their ignorance as I haue often seene for such people esteeme all tumors that are soft to be opened as common Aposthumes In Paris 1590. there happened such a disease to one called Captane Tayle who was one of the chiefest Captaines amongst the Spaniardes on the right side of his neck for the which I as Chirurgian ordinarie to the regiment was sent for found that it should not be touched of which opinioÌ„ was also my companyon Andrew Scot a man verye expert in his art who was at that time in great practise at Paris and now ChirurgiaÌ„ to the King of Scotland I ordained remedies to let the encreasing of it which receipt of mine being sent to the Apothecarie he thought it not meete medicine for an aposthume as he termed it he sent for his brother the glorious Barbor who seing the Captaine found no difficultie but sware with great othes that he had charmes for al sotes and the Apothecarie sware that hee had salues for al sores so preseÌ„tly opened it with a lancet ro auoide the matter as they thought which being the spirrit bold came forth with such violence that the Captaine died preseÌ„tly I doubt not but that in these countries there be many such things coÌ„mitted by such ignoraÌ„ts so destroy many people I vse alwayes in such chiefly in the neck vnder the arms and in the paps these remedies that I prescribed to the Spaniard that is first to draw blod in both the arms next to apply on the sore cerat Galen or de bolo or this Ree pulueris suhtilissimi boli armenici sanguinis draconis myrtiloruÌ„ lapidis calaminarii in aceto extincti absinthei an vnc 1. cum cerato refrigeraÌ„tis Galeni quantuÌ„ sufficit fiat vnguentuÌ„ siue magdaleon For the same effect I vse a cake of lead rubbed with quicksiluer these things will hinder the growing for a time although it be nere the noble parts If it be in the extremities as legges or armes they may liue a long time by the vsage of the aforesaid remedies I knew a womaÌ„ in Paris who had one very gret in her thigh liued 10. yeres if it be litle and superficial I find no better thaÌ„ cataplasme made of claret wine with the crops leaues of cypres which I haue often vsed on the arme when the arter hath been opened in stead of the veine Otherwise I knitt them after this forme first I incise the skin long-wise next discouer the arter and being discouered I passe a needle with a double thread vnder it two inches aboue the incision or ruption of the arter and theÌ„ knitts it with a double knot voydes awaye the blood contained and cureth the wound according to the estate it is in The fiftenth chapter of tumors or aposthumes in the paps THe papps which are part is glandulous ordained by nature partly for the decoration of women and partly to be answerable to the 2. chaÌ„bers of the matrix are ordained for the generation of milk are subiect to diuers diseases as other parts of like substance here we wil only intreat of the aposthume which hapneth in them The cause is such as ye haue heard in other aposthumes and the retensioÌ„ of the purgations also abundaÌ„ce of thick and knotty milk The signes are such as ye haue
heard in others as dolor pricking tensioÌ„ rednes feuer The cure consisteth in vniuerâ—all perticuler remidies vniuersall as purgatioÌ„s bleeding chiefly of the veines saphens veÌ„tosing friction on the thighes with other coÌ„uenient remedies for the prouocatioÌ„ of the purgations as ye shall heare at length in the treatise of the diseases in womeÌ„ Vse good diet tending to humidity The perticular remedies differ not froÌ„ others sauing that we vse familiar weake repercussiues because it is nere to the noble parts in the beginning it shal be good to foment the pappe with hot water vineger oyle of roses or this take the flowers of camomill lyn-seede fenegreck of ech half a pound the iuyce of mallowes roses and plantine of each three ounces vineger two ounces wet a cloth therein and lay on the sore If it tend to maturation vse this the crum of white bread and beane meale of ech halfe an ounce flower of Fenegreck half an ounce Mallowes althea and lillie roots of ech a little seeth them in milk putting therto the yolke of an egge fresh butrer a little saffion when it is come to suppuration open it with canter or lancet vacuate the humor and cure it as other apostumes make a bandage to holde it vp and labour not with the arme on the sore side for that maketh attraction of milke to it The sixteene Chapter of the Tumor in the thorax câ—lled Pleurisie PLeurisie is an inflammation and tumor of the membranes which knitte couer the ribbes whereof there are two sortes false and true the false is outward in the muscles of the short ribbes the true is that which cometh in the membranes which knitte the ribbes The Cause is externe and interne the externe is great heate or colde also great vsage of strong wine or very cold water violent exercise or colde ayre after great heat the internall cause is great repletion of all the body foure humors but chiefly the bloud and choler which make the most subtill part of the bloud ascend from the veine caue to the veine azigos thereafter in the muscles veines membranes inteâ—â—stals The Signes as saith Galen are great dolor from the shoulders to the nethermost ribbe punction in the side continuall feuer difficultie of respiring coughing hard pulse great alteration with want of appetite The Iudgementes are these that which commeth on the right side is not so dangerous as on the left if the spittle be blacke liuide and viscous with continual cough and vehement dolor long continuing it is mortall If the vrine bee thicke blewe or blacke it is mortall if the cough bee very drie and cease not it is an â—uill signe If the spittle be white light equal with little cough and the patient sleepeth well good appetite and the vrine redde coloured it is a good signe The Cure consisteth in vniuersall and particular remedies vniuersall as clisters bleeding in both the armes chiefly in the side opposite to the sore keeping good dyet abstayning from all strong drinke women violent exercises perturbations of the minde the particular shall be cataplasmes and linimentâ—s of flowers of camomill melllot annise seede linâ— seede and fenâ—greâ— if the dolor bee great and doth continue Fuchius counselleth frequent applycation of ventouses with scarrification of the parte affected If by these remedies the paine doth not cease neither that ye perceiue any euacuation of the humor neither by the mouth vrine nor fundament it is to be suspected to turne into Empiem which is a collection of matter betweene the ribbes and the region of the lightes sometime with corruption hereof for the which we make incision either by canter or lancet but rather by the canter for neither doth it close so soone nor is so dolorous the opening shall be betweene the third and fourth of the true ribbes beginning at the nethermost and so counting vpwarde sixe inches from the ridge of the backe If yee see tumor eminent in any place of the thorax open it in the most conuenient place Hippocrates counselleth to decouer the third ribbe and bore it with a trepan to let out the humor when it is open put in a hollowe tente either of siluer or leade let not all the matter auoyde at one time but by little and little and cure it as other apostumes The seuenteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the nauell called in Greeke â—â—câ—mphalon or Eminentia vmbilici VVHen the Peritone is dilated or riuen the Nauell doth swell or tumifie in such sort that sometime it riueth the cause is often in the midwife that either knitteth too neare or too long by the neere knitting either it slippeth breaketh or causeth conuulsion other grieuous diseases by the too long knitting it giueth place to the intestine or â—mentum or some bloud or fleshe waterie or windie vapors doe occupie the eminent place The Signes are knowne by the diuersitie of the matter contayned therein as if the omentum it is softe and in cullour not different from the rest of the flesh if the intestine the tumor is softe and inequall and returneth into the capacitie with a noyse if humiditie or vapours the signes are as in waterie and windie tumors if bloud which happeneth through the infecting of some veine or arter the signes are as in aueâ—â—risma if excrescence of flesh the tumor is hard and obeyeth not easily The Iudgements are these when the dilation is great it healeth not easily and often riueth by some violence or coughing The Cure is first in good regiment tending to sobrietie abstayning from all statuous meates and such as ingender crudities little mouing and such like Particular remedies consist in emplaisters astringent or the emplaister set downe in the practise of Petrus de Angilla also fomentations astringent and bandages chiefely in the beginning If that helpe not reduce the puddinges and quafe and cause the sicke to hold in his breath till ye knit the production let it fall of it selfe and produce the cicatrice If it bee riuen by violence or great cough that the intestine commeth out as happened to a woman whom I cured in Paris yee shall inlarge the wounde with a conuenient instrument reduce the intestine and vse the sutor pellitor and cure it as other woundes If there bee winde and water in the place cure it as ye shall heare more at large set downe in the Chapter of Hernes The eighteene Chapter of the Tumor in the belly called Hydrâ—psie HIdropsie is a Tumor against nature ingendred of great quantitie of water winde or phlegme sometime dispersed through the whole bodie and is called vniuersall otherwhiles in some part thereof is called particular most commonly in the capacitie of the Peritone of the which there are three kindes to witte ascites timpanites and anasarca Ascites is a maladie that causeth the bellie and legges
defluxion of humors falleâ—h in the coddes of all which ye shal heare hereaftet in there seuerall Chapters beginning first with Bâ—bonocele The foure and twentith Chapter of the tumor inguinall called Bubonocle BVbonocele is a tumor in the flanck either of the call or intestine which happeneth through dilatation or ruption of the peritone is called bâ— the latins hernia inguinalis or inconpleta The cause is externall and internall externall in strokes leaping wresting crying vomiting choughing riding on hard trotting horses bearing of gret burthens the violent vsing of womeÌ„ or any violeÌ„t vsing of exercise dilatatioÌ„ of the ligameÌ„t in womeÌ„ through great trauell in childbirth the internall cause are vsing of viscuous flatuous meates great repletion of the bellie and of humors The signes if it come through relaxation it reduceth easily if of the intestine ye shall heaâ—e a noyse and it is dolorous The iudgments many die of this disease the gutte being forth filleth full eyther of winde or excremeÌ„ts or both which is so difficill painfull to be reduced that the sick dieth As for the cure vse fomentatioÌ„s remollientes and discutientes made thus Râ—c radicum altheae brioniae cucumeris â—grestis an M. 1. folioruÌ„ maluae bismaluae pariâ—tariae et violarum an M. 1. floruÌ„ et foliorum camomillae melitoti rosarum an P. 1. seminis altheae lini et fenâ—greci an vnc se coquaÌ„tur omnia in lacte vel aqua et fâ—menta locum cum spongis If by these remedies it reduce not being great abundance of winde yee shall vse fiue or sixe punctioÌ„s with a needle for the purpose which dissipeth the winde reduceth easily then vse emplasters astringent with a baÌ„dage for a certayn space in so doing those which come of releaxatioÌ„ sometime heale others which come by ruption doe nor heale so the sicke must haue a trusse for the purpose with an emplaster to let the falling downe againe and no other cure to bee vsed yet there are some ignoraÌ„t people who take vpon theÌ„ to heale this as also the 2. coÌ„pletes by drinks charmes praying to Saints going on pilgrimage which are al false found on no reason others as Tbeodoâ—ricus couÌ„sell to cure theÌ„ by actual canters LanfraÌ„cus by poteÌ„tiall Bernardus Rogerius by the wearing of a golden threade called punctus aureus which are all dangerous and vncertaine wayes The fiue twentith chapter of the herne or rupture intestinall called by the Greeks â—nterocele THis kinde of rupture is when the gutts fall downe into the codds eyther through ruption or enlarging of the peritone where the Spermatick vessels doe passe and where the muscles Cremastres end and the membranes Dartons and Heretroides begin wherin the gutt caulâ— or both do fal The causes are like to Bubonocele the signs are great in equall tumor sometime hard by reason of the fecall matter contained therein The iudgmentes are these there commeteh inflamation and the more ye prease to reduce it the inflamation is the greater so it changeth the coulor which is an euill signe sounding and voyding of matter at the mouth are euill signs if the intesâ—iâ—e be not reduced the patient dyeth which happeneth through the narrownes of the dilatation As for the cure first rubb the codde with oyle of camomill and lay the sick on his back in such sort that his arse be higher than his head reducing with thy hand little and little pressing most on the place where it defended If the fecall matter let the reduction vse the remedies set downe in Bubonocele clisters to discharg the intestine if by these remedies the intestine doe not reduce but the matter wax hard with greaâ— dolor yee shall make incision in the vpper part of the cod eschewing the intestine thereafter put a litle peece of wood vp by the production of the peritone neare the hole of descent the pece of wood must be round on the one side flat on the other wheron ye shall make the rest of your incision and rubbe the descent with a lttle oyle so it shall easily reduce If then it reduce not the peritone must be incised and vse the canter Gastrographick handle it as other wounds this operation must not be vsed but in great necessitie when the sick is strong prognosticating still of the daunger nefefellisse aut ignorasse videaris Being reduced it must with bandages and astringent fomentations bee contayned with rhis â—â—plaster Rec. emplastri contra ruâ—turam vnc 2. mastichae vnc 1. vnguenti comitissae desiccatiui rubei an vnc se lapidis calaminaris in aceto extincti parum or this takâ— beane flowre and the barke of the oake tree sanguinis draconis pouder of sage and roses of euery one a little seethe all in smithes water putting thereto a little hogges grease and lay it on the place in forme of an emplaister and keepe the bedde for the space of fortie dayes shifting it once in sixe dayes vsing good dyet and of light digestion abstayning from crying and coughing laying the hinder partes higher then the head through this method some heale chieflly wheÌ„ the dilation is not greatâ— If the dilation be so great that there is no hope of recouerie by these remedies wee come to the operation of the hande the bodie hauing purged and bledde afore if neede be eating little the night before the incision the sicke shall be layde on a forme or board scituated as yee haue heard his legges and handes bound and so reduce the intestine which being done one shall hold his hande on the hole of descent then the Chirurgion shal take the stone on the sore side making an incision two inches broad at the which drawe out the testicle separate the didyme from the scrotum till ye come to the hole of descent and knitte with a waxed threed and cutte the production with the stone a little from the threede stay the fluxe of bloud and heale it as other woundes If the patient be olde make incision in the lower parte of the scroton to the ende the matter may auoyd the better Sometime the dilation being great the intestine sticketh to the peritone so in knitting the peritone ye knitte the intestine also which if it happen the sicke voydeth the excrementes by the mouth and so dyeth This happened once to my Maister who had vsed this operation a long time whereof I thought good to let you vnderstand if any such cure come in your handes Sometime being healed in the one side it falleth on the other side for the curation whereof doe the like yet it is very incommodious for after the partie is disabled to ingender and the hayre of the beard becommeth thin and falleth for the which cause and diuers I am of the opinion with the learned not to attempt this operation but rather to vse a truâ—se so in processe of
time nature ingendreth a certaine peice of flesh in the hole of descent The twentie sixe Chapter of the rupture Zirball called Epipâ—cele EPipocele is a descent of the caule in the codde or flanck the Cause is not different from the precedent accompanied with aboundance of humidities in these partes the Signes are like the precedent sauing that it is softer and vneasie to reduce not dolorous The Cure must bee like to the intestine in all cutting the production that falleth knitte canterize it to let the fluxe of bloud of the veines and arters whereof commeth great danger if it be reduced and yet bleedeth it causeth fluxe of the bellie and often death The twentie seuen Chapter of the waterie Herne called Hydrocele or Hernia aquosa THE waterie Herne is a Tumor in the coddes which groweth by little and little sometime to great bignesse and is contayned sometime in the codde otherwhiles betwixt the membranes that couer the stones called Dartos and Heretroidos sometime within them sometime it is accompanied with the guâ—te and is called Hydrointerocele The Cause is like as yee haue heard in Hydropsie and is a particular Hydropsie sometime stroakes the vesselles being riuen the bloud chaungeth into a waterie humor The Signes are the Tumor is cleare and becommeth long still in one estate not painefull heauie sometime hard and is knowne by holding the codde betwixt thee the candle and beeing inclosed in membranes it appeareth to bee a third testicle The Iudgementes some resolue oftentimes the intestine also falleth chiefely in the left side by reason of the milte which is full of colde melancholicke humor which oftentimes corrupteth the testicle As for the Cure the sicke must be purged with fitte medicines according to the nature of the humor vse meane exercises meates hotte and drie in small quantitie abstayning from drinke and keepe thy bellie loose sleepe little and prouoke vrine by diureticke thinges abstaine from all things which breed winde The particular remedies are in vsing fomentations as in Hydropsie next the astringent emplaister made of redde desiâ—catiue the vnguent Comitisse with the pouder of lapis calaminaris extinguished in vineger oaker balaust bol armenie allom mustard seede and euphors malax all together with a little oyle of camomil and lay on the sore If these remedies suffice not by reason of the great quantitie of the water we put a Seton through the lowest part â—f the codde and drawe it twise euery day till the humor be euacuated If the humor be in the membranes that couer the stones make incision in the side of the codde eschewing the testicle put a tente in it and dresse it twise a day keepe it open till the humor be euacuated vse remedies anodiâ—us for to appease the dolor and â—ic catrize it as other woundes The twentie eight Chapter of the Herne windie called Physocele THis Herne is a collection of winde in the Scroton called Hernia ventosa the Cause is imbecillitie of natural heate in these partes and phlegmaticke matter with such other causes as yee haue heard in windie apostumes The Signes are the Tumor is somewhat hard light round sodainely ingendred occupying for the most part the sâ—roton and wand resisting to the touch cleare as a bladderfull of winde the wande greater in one place then in another The Iudgementes if this vapour dissip not it causeth many euilles sometime occupying the whole bodie and proceedeth often of matter venenous The Cure shall be first in good dyet as in Edema next to applie on the place thinges resolutiue and corroboratiue as yee haue heard in windie apostumes some allowe the plaister of Vigo with mercurie or diapalma malaxed with wine also the dregges of claret wine boiled with bran laid warm on the place The twentie nine Chapter of the Herne carnosa called Sarcocele THis is a Tumor in the cod sometimes in the membrans dartos and heretroidos chiefely about the stones like vnto a tumor schirrous and as it were accompanied with veines varicous The Cause is aboundance of grosse humors in these partes which doth corrupt the testicles and at last degendreth into a harde fleshie disposition The Signes are vnequall tumor hard alwayes in one estate dolorous and being touched all which is in the testicle doth moue The Iudgementes are that when it happeneth to young folke and handled in the beginning it doth some time heale but commonly it is incureable and the worst of all the eight kindes If by feeling it at the vppermost parte of the didim it seeme vnnaturall great the tumor is incureable and better it is not to touch it then to attempt any cure if ye finde the didim small there is some hope of cure For the which we must scituate the sicke as yee haue heard next make the incision in the vpper part of the cod knitte the didim and canterize it as ye haue heard in interocele If it adhere to the codde separate it and cutte off the testicle with the excrescence if after the incision there commeth inflammation and dolor let the patient bleede and rest fiue or sixe dayes as counselleth Franco and leaue the cure to giue order to the accidentes The thrrtie Chapter of the Herne varicous called Câ—rsocele THis Herne is a Tumor and dilation of the veines that nourish the testicles which are full of melancholicke bloud and also the membranes hereof The Cause is some grosse humor or melancholick bloud gathered in that part by reason of the debilitie and decliuitie of the place and heauinesse of the humor The Signes are the repletion of the veines sometime fewe in number sometime many wrapped together like a vine braunch soft in touch and returning into the bellie by pressing on the didime The iudgmentes are it is without dolor most dangerous and difficill to be cured as ye shall heare in the varices of the legges The cure shal be first in purging the bodie of melancholick then bleede if neede be therefore make incisioÌ„ on the scroton the breadth of two fingers in the place of the varice thereafter make passe a needle with double thread vnder the varice and in the vpper part of the wouÌ„d an other in the lower part leauing an inch betwixte then open the varice and euacuate the humor contayned if there be any moe doe the like that done knitt the thread and handle the wound as others If the testicle be infiltred with veines accompanied with dolor that it may not bee handled this way the didime must bee cut as in the preâ—â—dent and so proceede in the cure The one and thirtieth Chapter of the herne Humâ—rall THis herne is an aposthume and defluxion of humors together in the codd or membranes that couer the testicles and sometime in their proper
substance The cause is not different from other aposthumes as also the signes The iudgmentes are such as are long in healing the part being cold and membranous somtimes suppureth otherwhiles resolueth if it continue long it corrupteth the testicle The cure the sick shal be purged with clisters bled rest and weare a trusse to holde vp the stones and dressed according to the nature of the humor and accidents after the methode set downe in the generall Chapter of Aposthumes The two and thirtith Chapter of the tumor in the Flanck called Bubo THis word Bubo is taken in place for the part betwixte the thigh the bodie called in latin Ingnen in which there are many glandes which often doe swell tumifie The cause is defluxioÌ„ of humors violent exercise crisis of maladies dolor or vlcer in the legge or foote or some other part neare to it The signes are euident The iudgmentes when it happeneth by crisis of maladie it is difficill if no feâ—er haue proceeded nor vapor venemous it is easie sometime it doth resolue otherwhiles suppoâ—eth There are other glaÌ„des lower where ordinarily the plague ingendereth The cure differeth not froÌ„ other aposthumes which come in partes glandulous where of I haue spoken amply in the Chapter of Scrofulae The three and thirieth Chapter of the tumor in the knees THis tumor commeth by fluxion or congestion of humors in the ioyntes and chiefly in the knees the cause is strokes falles plenitude of humors crisis of maladye heate colde long trauell laxations riding and frictions The signes are manifest the iudgmentes are that those which happen after a long maladie are difficill and dangerous as sayth Hyppocratâ—s are long in healing painfull to the sick dolorous the humor being either extreame hot or colde which maketh inflamation in those partes sometime matter virulent vnder the lidde which causeth the bone goe out of his place and sometime turneth ouer as I saw once in Paris The cure consisteth in vniuersall and pâ—rticuler remedies vniuersal shal be according to the qualitie of the humor as yee haue hearde in the generall Chapter the Topicall remedies shal be repercussiues discutientes drying according to the nature of the part which shal bee distinguished according to the degrees of the aposthumes as ye haue heard in Phlegmon If it tende to suppuration be warie in opening of it our auntients forbid to open deepe vnder the lidde because parts are sensible and dolorous of the which happeneth euill accidents Vse medicamentes corroboratiues and anodines euacuate the matter and cicatrice the wound as others sometime the tumor is ingencred of winde which deceiueth the Chirurgian and if it happen cure it as ye heard in windie and waterie tumor The foure and thirtieth Chapter of the tumor in the veines of the legs called Varicae VArix is dilatatioÌ„ of the veine greater thaÌ„ natural which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodie as teÌ„ples bellie vnder the nauell on the testicles matrix but chieflye in the legges which is sometime one veine sometime diuers together full of thick burnt melancholick blood letting action of the place The cause is abundaÌ„ce of the melaÌ„cholick humor retentioÌ„ of the moueth course in womeÌ„ Hemorhoides in both sexes which dilateth the veines sometime breaketh as oft happeneth to women in their trauell for the which I haue treated at leÌ„hth in the treatise of womeÌ„s birth likewise vehemeÌ„t exercise as leaping wresling carying of great burtheÌ„s strokes falls tormeÌ„ts such like The signes may be seene by the greatnes of the veins which coÌ„monly are blacker than the naturall The iudgemeÌ„ts those that are interne are incureable and not to bee touched because it letteth the â—fluxion so returneth to the noble parts causeth great accidents intertaineth old vlcers letteth the cure therof The cure is diuersly set down by diuers authors some counsell to incise them in diuers places according to the circumâ—olution and let the blood then to close vp and binde the wounde as in other bloâ—dinges resting that daye and if they swell agayne doe the place with a little inke the skin aboue the veine therafter take vp the skin with thy handes and incise in the middst therof then let it goe that the veine may be seene passe two needles as in the varicus herne let it bleede a quantitie knit it let the thre ad fall of it selfe without drawing it by force and cure the wound as others The fiue and thirtieth Chapter of the little Tumors in the leggs called Dracunculus THis is a tumor or extraordinarie dolor bredde in the legges or armes called Draguneus yet diuers authors haue giuen it diuers names as Auicen calleth it Meden by the name of a towne where it is frequent Albucrasis calleth it Venaciuilis Halyabbas vena famosa There is also touching the cause cure great difference it chaunceth most coÌ„monly in the midst of Arabia as writeth Paulus and is not oft seene amongst vs yet some-what I will say of it for the better instructioÌ„ of the yong Chirurgian Paulus and Auicen are of opinion that in the place affected the humor is like vnto little wormes somtime great otherwhiles small chiefly in the partes musculous as in the arters thighes and legges and sometime in childrens sides vnder the skin with manifest motion Some take it bee a sharp and mordicant humor betweene the flesh and skin which in time waxeth hard like an nerue or tendon It is iugendred of a hot melancholick blood burnt phlegme sent through the veines to the exterior parrs by the vertue expultrix The signes are vehement dolor feuer harde and rounde like nerues seeming to moue in the touching as it had life the tumor is long and stretched from one ioynt to an other as from the kneâ— to the foote The cure whether it bee humor or animall vegetatiue is to foment the place with milke and camomill or medicines to appease the dolor then to giue aire eyther by canter or vissicator if it be not dolorous and tend to suppuration cure it â—s yee haue heard in Erisipelas changing alwayes your remedies according to the times of the Tumor and Humor which raigneth The thirtte sixe Chapter of the Tumor in the legges or armes called by the Greekes â—lephantiasiis particularis THIS if it be vniuersally through all the bodie it is called Leprosie if it be particular it occupieth onely one meÌ„ber which spoyleth the forme figure and disposition thereof and maketh it rough like the skinne of an Elephant for which reason it is called Elephantiasis If it occupie the skinne and not the flesh it is called Morphaea The Cause commeth from the mothers wombe and is called Maladie hereditarie or after wee are borne if from the wombe either the childe hath bene
bee done with thinges that haue little or no mordification according to the nature of the part as this take sirupe of Roses violets fumitarie wormewood honey of Roses vnguent de apio apostolorum â—uscum egiptiacum or this take Turpentine honey of Roses Iris of Florence barley flower Succi apij of ech a little and make an vnguent If there be great putrifaction the matter in great abundance vse this Rec. terebâ—nthine onc 4. vitellorum ouoâ—um onc 2. vnguenti â—giptiaci drâ—g 1. fiat mixio The wouÌ„d being mundified and voide of all superfluitie we vse for the regeneration of flesh vnguentuÌ„ aureum basilicon maius emplastrum de betoniâ—a diapalma tetra pharmacum gratia dei oleum mastichini et absinthij mixe there with a litle flower of barley lupines and orob with Thus Mirh Mastick and Aloes Sometime we vse in these sortes of woundes a certaine drinke called potion vulnerar wherewith wee wash the wound and is thus made Rec. consolidae maioris et mediae serpentariae linguae canis ceruinae herbae Roberti glycirizâ— pimpinellae artemisiae scabiosae plantaginis aristolochiae agrimoniae betonicae pedis columbini capilli veneris ceut anreae maioris et minoris gaiaci sâ—lsâ—parâ—lle millefolij baccharum lauri of which all or some make a decoction in water and aromatize it with cinamond honey or sugar drinke of it twise or thrise a day as it is needefull and also thou maist wash the wound putting thereto a little honey of roses or sirupe of roses The wound being filled with flesh it must be dried with medicaments epupoloticks which by their astriction and drying do harden the flesh and make a substance like to skin as vnguentum desiccatiuum rubeuÌ„ diapompholigos album rasis dia calcitâ—â—s triapharmacuÌ„ cerussâ— de minio mixing therewith galbanum acasia sarcocolla pluÌ„bum et es vstum vitriolum allumen calxlota and such like The fift intention is in correcting the accidents which are diuers and great for some come by accideÌ„t or some sharp feeling of the part hâ—rt as dolor inflamatioÌ„ conuulsion feuer and such like some come through violence of the buÌ„llet as extinction of the naturall heate of the part hemoragie dilaceration contusion of the nerues fractures of the bones some by the ignorance of the Chirurgian for the which cause he must be diligent to stop such accidents if they happen to help them with speede The sixt Chapter of woundâ—s in the veines and Arters HAuing spoken sufficiently of woundes in the fleshe in like manner you shall heare of them in the veines and arters one or moe without with losse of substaÌ„ce which are accompanyed with flux of blood which coÌ„meth wheÌ„ there orifice is open and is done by incision imbecilitie of the veines abundance of blood or some sharp qualitie when their tunicks are deuided contused and pearced or else wheÌ„ the blood goeth through the veins as the sweate through the skin the tunickes and membranes are deuyded by some externall cause as contusioÌ„ ryding shooting falles in diuers manners The signes are these if the flâ—xe be of the arter or veine of the arter the bloode commeth leaping out subtilly red and hot If it be more grosse black and thick and not leaping it proceedeth of the veines as sayth Auiâ—en The Iudgments are if the blood come out in great abundance it is dangerous chiefly when there is eyther conuulsion belching or rauing if it be not stayed it causeth death because it is the treasure of life As for the Cure there are two intentions the first to stay the blood the second to conglutinat the wounde the blood is stayed by filling vp the wound with drie lint and aboue it an astringent or cloth wet in vineger if that stay it not remoue the lint often wet it in vineger which staunceth it much for these thinges cold and mordicant stay flux of blood in the wounds or make this medicament of bolarmenie sanguinis draconis thuris aloes of each like quantitie mixe them with the white af an egge and the haires of an olde hare cut small thereafter binde it reasonable straight wetting the bands clothes all about it in oxycrate touch it not in foure dayes in touching remoue all very softly if it flick to humect it with oyle whites of eggs or wine Some to stay blood put these pouder in the whund wich I haue somtime vsed viz. maÌ„s blud dried with burnt cloth wherwith thou shalâ— fill the wouÌ„d full some apply veÌ„touses frictioÌ„s ligators on the parts opposite some hold their thumbe long on the mouth of the veine which is a good remedie for the blood coÌ„gealeth in the veine so stanceth If for al these remedies it stanceth not we apply on the veine or arter a little linâ— wet in vineger with a little pouder of vitriol otherwise wee knit them as was taught in the Chapter of Aneâ—â—risme if that cannot be done we canterize theÌ„ with hot IroÌ„s taking heede to touch the parts neâ—â—ous Shelander counselleth the gum lemnium soddeÌ„ Rennish wine which hath many vertues for it digesteth mundifieth incarnateth is good in wounds of the head as saith Matheolus If none of these staunch flux of blood it is dangerous if it be in the matrix intestins or bladder it shal be stayed by iniections of iuyce of plantine and such like the blood being stayed the wound is healed as others hauing regard to the part for as the veine is more drie than the flesh and more soft than the arter so it must haue contrarie remedies in like manner the wound in the arter is harder to be healed than that in the veine Sometime there coÌ„meth such flux of blood at the nose that it is hard to staunch for the which take an ounce of boll the barke of Pomegarnet tree balaust and galles of each 3. drammes seede of white Poppie 2. drammes incorporat altogether with the white of an egge and vineger and apply on the temples and nose if by this the violent flux doe not stay take foure graines of my requies which infallibly stayeth all fluxes The seauenth Chapter of wounds in the nerues and parts Neruous CVttes and thrustes in the nerues chaunce in diuers parts of our body and in diuers maners according to the instrument it is done with some are simple others composed superficiall profound according to the diuersitie of the which we must diuersifie the remedie The causes ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The signes are knowne by offending of the mouing feeling and by the vehemeÌ„t dolor which causeth fluxion feuer spasme rauing inflamatioÌ„ fluxioÌ„ on the nerues The iudgments are that all wouÌ„ds in parts neruous are daÌ„gerous for the great coÌ„munication they haue with the braines and the nerue halfe cut is more dangerous and dolorous than if it were all cut which if so be the action of
to the accidents Parey telleth of a man from whome hee drewe 100. sauceâ—s of bloode in Foure dayes who thereby was cured and otherwise hadde dyed Shaue the heade and applye Cataplasmes of Flower of Beanes and Oxymell with the Oyle of Roses and suche lyke that are somewhat cold and humide vse frictions and ligators on the extremities ventouses on the shoulders sometime to open the veine puppis ftontis sub lingua and the arter on the temples Abstaine in the sicknes and long after from women and perturbations of the minde The pâ—rticular is thus first we consider if the bone be broken that must be trepained roÌ„ged or lifted for the doing wherof the place must first be incisâ—d as ye haue heard yet it is not needfull to trepaune in all fractions and cleftes for sometime the first table is offended yet not penetrating to the diploy otherwhiles the duploy conâ—used the secoÌ„d table whole somtime the broken bone is a litle lifted so that the matter contained hath place to paâ—â—e and therfore it is not nedefull to trepan If any pece of bone the dura mater it must be drawn by fit instruments the trepan is good wheÌ„ the clefts in the are so litle that the matter caÌ„not euacuat yet it is not mete to trepanne in all fractures as ye haue heard noâ— to discouer the brains without necessity good iudgmeÌ„t so that the yoÌ„g Chirurgian may not so hastily as in times past trepan for euery simple fracture I wil shew wheÌ„ trepaning shold be vsed for what cause in what places also the way to trepan well First the ChirurgiaÌ„ shall well consider the stroke Simptomes if it be litle the veins betwixt the 〈◊〉 tables oâ— those that hold vp the dura mater with the â—rane be offeÌ„ded the blood fallen on the membrane then the trepan must be vsed to withdraw that matter which other wise wold cause death somtime it must be vsed for the out taking of the litle bones that pâ—ick the meÌ„brane also that more coÌ„modiously we may apply our remedies In al these things Hipp. couÌ„selleth to trepan When the fracture is inthe first table we vse the trepan exfoliatiue to giue issue to the blood which is betwixt the tables The time we shold trepan is 2. or 3. daies at the furthest after the hurt long delay causeth defluxion of humors on the dura mater which putrifieth causeth inflammation so incoÌ„tinent after we haue perceiued the offence of the crane and that the membranes suffer which is knowne by the sond or finger we should trepanne in the beginning yet sometime stay till the 7.10 or 14. day which is dangerous for which cause bee aduised in iudging therein Then wee must know what places may indure the trepanne which not for to auoid diuers accidents considering first if the boane be broken and separated in diuers pieces which if it be the pieces must bee lifted by fitte instruments and not by the trepan In like maÌ„ner we must not trepan on the fractures for that cutteth the veines arters filamentes which passe betwixt the pericrane and dura mater and cause great dolor and hemoragie of bloud for the which cause if occasion constraine vs to trepanne in those partes we applie the trepan on both sides of the future for the auoiding of the foresaid accidents as also for euacuation of the humor contayned The Trepan in like sort must not be applied on the open of the head in young children being yet soft and not solide nor on the temples for the muscles temporal where there is abundance of arters membranes nerues whereof commeth great fluxe of bâ—oud feuer conuulsion with other euill accidentes yet if fracture doth chaunce in those partes we apply the trepan a little aboue the saide muscle temporall Wee must not trepanne on the boane petrosa which is vnder the saide muscle nor on the boane of the eies because there is great cauitie full of ayre and humiditie ordayned by nature to prepare the ayre that goeth to the braines And these are the places which we should eschew in applying the trepan yet I haue seene some trepanned in these places and heale but noâ— without great hazard The way to trepanne is thus First scituate the head of the hurt in good scituation and holden by some body that it doe not wagge close his eares with cotton haue a good fire least the colde ayre enter on the membranes which may make putrefaction then the Trepan perforatiue shall be applyed to make a hole for the pyramide of the great Trepan next apply the whole Trepan with the pyramide turning it about softly till thou hast made a way with the teeth of the Trepan then take out the pyramide otherwise it shall passe offend the membranes continue in turning softly the Trepan sometime to lift it to put off the sawinges of the bone and when thou art at the duploy which shall be perceyued by the outcoÌ„ming of the bloud you shall consider if it be needefull to passe further as yee haue heard take good heede in trepanning of the second table lifting oft the Trepan and sounding if it be neere cut if it be more cutte on the one side then the other presse the Trepan on the thickest part and in this take good heede for often in cutting the one before the other thou scratcheâ—t the dura mater which causeth inflamation and death being almost cutte assay with the eleuator to draw it without violence if there be much of the sawinges on the dura mater take them out This I thought good to aduertise the young Chirurgian touching this operation which being done thou perceiuest if the membrane be inflamed oâ— in any wise altered as oft happeneth and is most daungerous for which we giue clysters drawe bloud and vse fomentations on the place of anodins and repercussiues If there bee alteration make a medicin of honney of roses syrrupe of wormewood aquauitae with a little aloes and myrrhe some adde to it a little white wine If there bee great putrefaction put thereto a little Egiptiac if there be neither inflamation nor alteration it shall suffice onely a little aquauitae with honey of roses so continuing till the membranes be mundified applying alwayes the medicinâ— hotte and cure it afterwardes as othâ—r woundes Vse alwayes aswell in this as all woundes of the head the emplaister veneticum prescribed in the poore mans guide and also the emplaister of betonica or diacalciâ—â—os malaxed with wine There is great iudgement to be vsed in doing this operation and fewe there are founde that doe it well Many I haue seene of verye learned and expert men and heard of diuers to my great ioy comfort among which Gilbert Primrose and Iohn Nessmith Chirurgians to the King of Scotland men very expert in this operation like as in all operations chirurgicals God increase the number of such learned men in this
poore mans guide to heale all kindes of burning in a shott time with one emplaister onely wherewith I haue had good effect at diuers times This remedie is very good easie to be had and healeth without skarre Take the barke of an Elme tree steepe it a night in water take it out in the morning ye shall perceiue a ielly on the inner side of it wipe off that ielly with a feather or thy finger anoint the sore therewith and it healeth as is aforesaid And thus we ende the Treatise of Vlcers THE SEVENTH TREATISE of Fractures and dislocations and embalming contayneth foure Chapters By Peter Low Arellian Chapter 1. Of Fractures in generall Chapter 2. Of Curation of Fractures Chapter 3. Of Dislocations generall and particular Chapter 4. Of Embalming of dead bodies The first Chapter of Fractures in generall CO Hauing intreated heretofore of maladies which happen in the soft partes as the skinne and flesh heere wee will prosecute those which happen in hard and solide partes as the boanes and first of Fractures what is then a Fracture LO It is a generall diuision or disscision or solution of continuitie in the boane CO. How many kindes of Fractures are there LO Three the first is ouertwart breaking the second in length and the third obliquely in this kinde of Fracture the the pointes of the bones enter in the flesh and causeth dolor by the pricking of the flesh and nerues CO. Are these kindes of Fractures simple or composed LO Sometime simple otherwhiles composed with wound inflamation gangren dolor and such like CO. Differ they not after another manner LO They differ according to the partes where the Fracture is as Fracture in the head nose backe legges fingers and such like CO. Which are the causes of Fractures LO Haly Abbas saith also Galen that all outward thinges that haue force to bruise breake cutte or cleaue are sufficient to cause Fracture CO. Which are the Signes of Fractures LO Auicen Rasis Celsus say that by the sight and feeling the parte with the hande thou shalt perceiue it vnequall and also feele and heare a noyse in handling harder there shall be dolor in the part CO. Which are the Iudgements of Fractures LO Fractures in hard boâ—â—es and drie as in olde folke are more difficill and longer in healing then soft and humide in young people Auicen saith that Fractures in chollericke and old folke are difficill in very olde folke impossible Fractures of the ribbes with inflamation spitting of bloud are most dangerous CO. Of all sorts of Fractures which are easie to heale which difficill and dangerous LO All Fractures iâ— the ribbes which are simple in the middest of the legges or armes and fingers made ouerthwart are not dangerous All fractures neare the ioynts and in the heads of the bones are difficill and the motion afterwards not good those which presse inward are worse than those which go out All fractures in the head how little so euer they be are daÌ„gerous all fractures where they are many broken peces are dangerous those with wound are difficill because the baÌ„dage cannot be done without dolor of the wounde Celsus saith that fractures in the thigh are euill because the meÌ„ber remaineth alwaies shorter all those that are emineÌ„t have much marrow are dangerous CO. Are all fractures healed in a certaine space LO Some are longer some shorter according to the greatnes hardnes and drynes fractures in the head are healed in 35. daies in the thigh in 45. daies in the legges and armer in 40. daies the nose in 16. daies the ribbes in 20. daies in the iawes the shoulder clauicles handes feete are healed in 20. daies in the haunch and point of the shoulder in 40. daies and likewise in other places according to nature of the bone the age the aire and time of the yeare and constitution of the body the dyet medicaments and gouernment of the sick which things duely done do shorten the time of the cure The defect of the aliment viscous is helped by fomeÌ„ting with hot water the oft pessing and shifting it doth prolong the time as also straight ligatures so in dede there is no â—imited but some are longer some shorter time in healing as we see by day experience The second Chapter of curation of factures in Generall IN the precedent Chapter ye haue heard what fracture is with the causes signes and Iudgments now remayneth the cure for the which ye must consider first if there be inflammation to differ the reduction till it be past for to auoyd great accideÌ„ts than we must haue a quaÌ„tity of whites of eggs oyle of Roses beaten together cloth coÌ„presses bandes feâ—ules machins lacs oxycrate men to help thee with other things necessary for the purpose hauing al these in readines there remaineth yet fiue pointes the first is in extension of the member which is done by laying it on a bench or other place proper the sick being well situated there must be two persons to hold the member fractured the one at the nether part the other at the vpper part of the which one draweth vp an other down to make the extension if the hands bee not suffitient to do this wee take cords or strong cloth and bind fast the member one to the vpper part an other to the nether which shal be drawne by two men contrarie as ye haue heard For the same purpose ye may vse glossocomes if great force bee needefull beware of extensioÌ„ chiefly in dry bodies for feare of dolor feuer and conuulsion The second intentision after the extensioÌ„ is made thou shalt take the meÌ„ber softly with thy hands reduce the bones in situation naturall then lose the machins that the muscles may go to their owne naturall The third intension is to binde it well to hold it in the estate vnmouing it is done by medicamentâ— bandage we apply for the first time an emplastruÌ„ astringeÌ„t or defensiue made of bol frie flower whites of egs oyle of roses it shal be best to rub the maÌ„ber with cerat galen oyle of roses mirtill or mastick before the applicatioÌ„ of the astringeÌ„t the cloth must be wet in oxycrate the bands also Therafter bind the member of the which our auntient vsed only two kindes to wit the vnder band which Hipp. calleth Hypodesmedy the vpper band which he calleth Hypodesmos The nether band is deuided into 2. or 3. the first is short beginning right on the fracture wearing vpward toward the knee if the fracture be in the legge the volutioÌ„s must be close together this kind of baÌ„dage letteth the fluxion on the member hurt The second band which must be longer shall begin in the same fashion making 2. or 3. circumuolutions on the fracture coÌ„ducing downwards this bandage maketh expression of the blood which was