doe it though they dye for it or such like words or shall use any other behaviour in apparant disturbance of the peace then it seemeth to be a Riot and therefore where there is cause to remove any such nusans or to doe any like Act it is the safest not to assemble any multitude of people but only to send one or two persons or if a greater number yet no more then are needfull and only with meete tooles to remove cast or pull downe the same and that such persons tend their businesse only without disturbance of the peace for the manner of doing a lawfull thing may make it unlawfull Ibid. 27. Also the manner of doing an unlawfull Act by an assembly of people may be such and so handled as that it shall not be punished as a Riot as if I should assemble a meete company to carry away a peece of Timber or other thing whereto I pretend a right that cannot be carryed without a great number if the number be not more then are needfull for such purpose although another man have better right to the thing so carryed away and that this Act be a wrong and unlawfull yet is it of it selfe no Riot except there be withall threatning words used or other disturbance of the peace 28. The manner As there must necessarily be three persons at the least assembled together to make a Riot Dalton 204. c. so they being together and their demeanor must be such as shall or may breed some apparant disturbance of the peace either by threatning speeches turbulent gesture shew of armour or actuall force or violence to the terror of the peaceable sort of people or to the emboldening and stirring up of such as are busie headed and of evill disposition by such fact or else it can be no Riot c. for as I said before the manner of doing a lawfull thing may make it unlawfull sic è converso 29. And therefore if diverse in one company going to the church Ibid. faire or market shall goe armed or one going to the Sessions or other like assembly shall goe in harnesse to the terror of the people though he or they have no intent to fight or to commit any Riot yet this is a Rout by the manner of his or their going being needlesse disordered and against the Law see the statute 2. Ed. 3. ca. 3. 30. Cromp. 64. But in the former cases if they had gone in privie Coats of plate shirts of maile or the like to the intent to defend themselves from some adversarie this seemeth not punishable within these statutes for that there is nothing openly done in terrorem populi 31. One N. W. together with fourescore persons 31. El. came with spades mattocks pistols swords and daggers in the night to a peece of ground where Sir Thomas St. had made a great weare crosse over the river of Trent in the County of Notting to the great nusans of passengers there Cromp. 64. c. and there they made one or two litle Trenches to let the water passe c. and though it were lawfull to make the Trenches and to debruse the nusans yet for that they came with such number and weapons they were deeply fyned in the Star-chamber 32. Also a Lord of a Coppihold did enter with twenty persons 31 and 32. El. Cromp. 64. Dalton 204. and cut his Coppiholders corne with force for that his Coppiholder would not compound with him for his fyne and although the entry of the Lord was holden lawfull yet punishable as a Riot in regard of his number and force 33. In all cases where three or more shall enter into lands Cromp. 64. Dalton 205. c. with force upon the possession of another where their entry is lawfull yet it is a Riot by reason of the number and force for the statute of 5. R. 2. prohibiteth the entry with force or with multitude of people although the entry be otherwise lawfull What persons may commit a Riot CHAP. 52. 1. IF a number of women or children under the age of discretion doe flocke together for their owne cause this is no assemblie punishable by these statutes unlesse a man of discretion moved them to assemble for the doing of some unlawfull Act as Master Marrow held Cromp. 62. but yet certaine women that had apparelled themselves in mens apparell Dalton 205. and had pulled downe riotously a lawfull inclosure were worthily punished for the same in the Starchamber contrary to Master Marrowes opinion 2. Also women covert are holden to be within the statute of Mert. ca. 6. Co. 3. 72. 11. 161. for ravishment of wards and within the statute of Westm. 1. ca. 20. de malefactoribus in parcis and within the statute of 2. Eliz. ca. 2. for recusancy although they be not particularly named within any of this statute Co ibid f. bre 670. 4. E 4. 16. 3. Also if a woman covert shall commit any riot or doe any Trespasse or other wrong she is punishable for it and for a trespasse done by the wife or for a scandall published by her the action lieth both against the husband and wife sc an action of trespasse or of the case shall be brought against the husband and the wife and there the husband is chargeable to the damages or fyne because he is a partie to the action and Iudgement but if a woman covert without her husband be indicted of a Trespasse Co. 21. 61. b. riot or other wrong there the wife shall answere and be party to the Iudgement only and in such case the fyne set upon the wife shall not be levied upon the husband 22. Ass â—7 43. E. 3. 18. yet after the husbands death it seemeth such damages or fyne shall then be levied upon the wife her selfe and as for imprisonment or other corporall paine it shall be inflicted upon the wife only and not upon the husband for his wives Act or default Dalâ—â—n 205. 4. If a Mayor and Alderman or Bailiffe and Burgesses or the fellowes of any other society doe assemble in their common quarrell and make a riot or rout this shall be punished in their owne private naturall persons and not in the body politique Recognisance CHAP. 53. 1. A Recognisance is a bond of record testifying the Recognisor to owe a certaine summe of money to some other and the acknowledging of the same is to remaine of record and none can take it but only a Iudge or Officer of record 2. And these recog in some cases the Iu. of peace are enabled to take by the expresse words of certaine statutes but in other cases as for the peace and good behaviour or the like they may doe it of congruity without any expresse authority given them either by their Commission or by statute 3. Note wheresoever any statute giveth them power to take a bond of any man or to binde over any
Majesties pleasure God save the King 4. Then the Iust of P. may enter and search whether there be any force of Armour or weapon worne or borne against this proclamation or otherwise he may inquire thereof by a Iury for so the writ it selfe doth warrant him And if after proclamation any such be found he ought to imprison the offendors and to seise to the K. use and preise by the oathes of some present the armour and weapons so found with them and the offendors so imprisoned are to remaine in prison untill that some other commandement bee given concerning them from his Majestie viz. by writ out of the Chancerie 5. But if upon the Proclamation made they doe depart in peaceable manner then hath the Iust no warrant by the writ to commit them to prison nor to take away their Armour 6. But when the Iustice hath removed the force upon his writ he may not put the party that was put out Cromp. 74. 162. in possession againe for if he doe it seemeth both the Iustice and the party also are punishable in the Starchamber for the writ doth authorish the Iustice onely to remove the force and not to make restitution 48. The forme of this writ upon the statute of North-hampton you may see in Fitz. N.B. 249. Without writ 49. The forme of the certificate or returne into the Chancery of this writ you may see after in the Title of warrants and presidents 2. Ed. 3. 3. P. Armor 1. 50. Also every Iustice of peace ex officio and without any writ may doe execution of this statute of North-hampton and that aswell by force of the commission as also of the said statute 51. The manner to execute this statute by the Iustice of peace ex officio seemeth to be all one as before where he hath a writ delivered him saving that when he doth this ex officio and without writ he needeth not to make any proclamation nor to send any certificate into the Chancery But the Iustice may goe to the place where the force is and if it be in a house may enter and search if any force of Armour or weapon be worne and borne against this statute And if any such offendors be found he may commit them to prison and may seise and preise the Armour and weapon so found with them and he ought to record all that which he shall doe in this behalfe and the same to Estreate into the Exchequer that the King may be answered of the Armour or of the value thereof 52. But here againe the Iustice must not make any restitution of the possession to the party ousted but must only remove the force 53. And concerning the offendors so found and committed by the said Iustice of peace Cromp. 160. it seemeth the Iustice at his discretion may fine them and upon payment thereof may deliver the offendors even as in the former statutes of 15. R. 2. 8. H. 6. Or else the said Iustice may record such force and commit the offendors and after certifie the record into the Kings Bench or to the Iustices of gaole delivery or to the generall Sessions of the peace but if he commit and fine the offendors he must Estreate the same into the Exchequer 54. So that these statutes doe now give full remedy and doe prohibit and are made against these three degrees or sorts of force viz. against Fitz. 248. c. 1. Such as enter peaceably and then hold forceibly 2. Such as enter with force and then hold peaceably 3. Such as doe both enter forceibly and hold forceibly 55. Now it is requisit to show how the Iustice of peace shall demeane himselfe in the execution of these statutes I will therefore proceede to give him some further light in these seven particulars following 1. First what is a forceible Entrie and what is a forceible holding within the meaning of these statutes 2. Who may commit a forceible Entrie c. and upon whom 3. Where a force or forceible holding is justifieable or lawfull 4. What and how many severall remedies the party hath that is so put or kept out of his possessions 5. The manner of proceeding of the Iustice of peace by Enquiry 6. Of restitution to be made to the party so put out by whom and to whom 7. What causes there may be for staying the Iustice of peace from making restitution What is a forceible Entrie or holding within these statutes CHAP. 30. 1. OUr Law taketh knowledge of two manners of force the one may be termed a force in judgemēt of Law which accompteth every private Trespasse to be a force so as if I doe but passe over another mans ground without licence he may have his action of Trespasse against me Quare vi armis c. 2. The other manner of force is more apparant and alwayes carryeth some fearefull shew and matter of terror with it 3. This last sort of force is that which is prohibited by these statutes and therefore note that every force punishable by these statutes must have one of these two badges sc it must be either Manuforti or multitudine 4. Manuforti sc either with apparent violence in deed Dalton p. 177. or word offered to the person of another as threatning speeches turbulent behaviour or actuall violence or else that they be furnished with offensive weapons by them not usually borne and this may be done by one person onely 5. Multitudine 10. H. 7. 12. sc with company more than usually they have attending on them 10. H. 7. 12. The law properly calleth it a multitude when there be three or moe in one company 6. If therefore one Forceible Entrie or moe persons shall come weaponed especially with weapons not usually borne to a house or land and shall violently enter thereinto this is a forceible Entrie within the meaning of these statutes 7. Much more if being so entred hee or they shall there offer violence or feare of harme Dalton p. 177. to the person of any that is in possession thereof most of all if he or they shall forceibly and furiously expell and drive another out of such his possession 8. So is it if one shall enter peaceably the doore being open Dalton ibid. or onely latched and after he is in the house he shall forceibly put another out of his possession Dalton ibid. 9. So is it if he or they that shall enter peaceably shall after their Entrie offer apparant violence threatnings or feare of harme to the person of any that is in possession to the intent to get him out and to make him leave the possession though they doe not put him out of possession much more if they get the possession thereby 10. If he or they that have entred peaceably shall after use words to any in possession to this effect Dalton pa. 178. as to say they will hold or keepe it though they die for it
levied upon the husband for the husband shall never be charged for the Act or default of his wife but when he is made a party to the action and judgement given against him and his wife Co. 9. 72. Co. 11. 61. 2. H. 7. 16. 5. Diverse doe enter with force to the use of A. who is not then present with them but doth after agree thereto this agreement after maketh A. to be a disseisor Br. force 25. but not to be punished for the force and if A. had counselled consented or agreed thereto before the Entrie yet it seemeth that a commandement consent or agreement before or after though it may make one a disseisor yet it is not to be punished by the Iustice of peace upon these statutes Consent for that a forceible Entrie cannot be adjudged against a man without an actuall Entrie be also made by him or that at least he be present 6. But if A. that shall command or counsell others thereto shall also be present at the time of the Entrie Dalton 182. although he doth then nothing yet he is now become a principall and punishable by these statutes 7. If diverse doe come in one company to enter into lands c. where their entry is not lawfull Dalton 183. and all of them saving one did enter and demeane themselves in peaceable manner and one only doth enter with force or after entry made doth use force and violence this shall be adjudged a forceible Entrie in them all although the force were against their wils Co. 9. 67. 112. 11. 5. for where diverse doe come in one company to any place to the intent to doe any unlawfull thing be it robbery homicide ryot affray or any trespasse here every one of them shal be adjudged a principall doer although they stand but by and doe nothing So it seemeth though some of them come without any intent of evill if they came together in company with the other offendors or if they came after yet if they be either ayding or countenancing to the offendors they shall be also adjudged principall doers aswell as the other 8. An Indictment upon the statute of 8. H. 6. for the King The personâ— put out Co. 1. 46. 10. 112. is not good for the King cannot be disseised nor put out of his freehold neither can the King bring any action upon the statute of 8. H. 6. nor any other action which might prove him out of possession of the land 9. And if the K. termor be put out by force The Kings Tenant Dalton 183. Cromp. 69. he cannot preferre a bill of indictment upon the statute of 8. H. 6. that he was put out and the King disseised But he must have an Information of Intrusion in the Exchequer 10. Dalton 183. Yet it seemeth that upon complaint made to a Iust of peace by the K. termor of any such force the Iustice of peace ought to remove the force and upon his view thereof to record it and to commit the offendors to prison and may fine them and after such force removed the Kings termor may presently reenter if he can in peaceable manner 11. If a forceible entry Lesseâ— for yeares Coppiholdâ—â— or deteiner shall be made upon any Lessee for yeares Tenant at will or upon a Coppiholder whether it be by an estranger or by the lessor or by the Lord the Iustices of peace upon their view thereof are to remove such force Dalton 183. and may commit to prison the parties which made such entry or which shall hold it with force and may fine them but whether the Iustice of peace may make such restitution and set them sc the Lessee for yeares Tenant at will or Coppiholder into their possessions againe hath beene much questioned But now by a statute made in Ireland in 10. Caroli ca. 13. restitution shall be made to Tenant for yeares Tenant at will Coppiholder Tenant by Elegit or statute merchant or of the staple 12. Some held opinion that before this statute the Iustice of peace may put them in possession againe and of this opinion was Maister Marrow and Maister Lamb. and to maintaine this opinion these reasons may be given 1. First for that the words of the statutes seeme to warrant it for the statute 15. R. 2. in the Preamble thereof as also the stat 8. H. 6. in the body thereof hath this word possessions which word most properly doth extend to a lease for yeares c. 2. Again that clause of the stat 8. H. 6. which provideth for the restitution is thus if it be found that any doth contrary to this statute then the said Iustice c. shall put the party so put out in full possession c. 13. Now it cannot be denied but that he which by force expulseth Lessee for yeares tenant at will or a coppiholder doth contrary to this statute also they bee the parties put out and the same mischiefe and inconvenience which these lawes do labour to remove is to Lessee for yeares tenant at will and to the coppiholder Co. 11. 33. 34. Plo. 178. And we may finde it usuall that where statutes are made for to remedy any common mischiefe there to help things in the same degree one action thing place and person hath in construction beene taken for another and a good expounder saith Sir Ed. Co. 11. 34 maketh every sentence to have his operation to suppresse all the mischiefes before the said Act and principally those that are specified in these acts Co. 3. 7. 12. 73. 14. And againe saith he it is the office of the Iudges alwaies to make such construction of statutes as may represse the mischiefe and advance the remedie and to suppresse all evasions which may continue the mischiefe and to adde force and life to the cure and remedy according to the true intent of the makers of the statute Co. 11. 73. b. Co. 3. 7. 15. Others held the contrary sc that Lessee for yeares nor a coppiholder or tenant at will cannot have restitution by the hands of the Iustice of Peace and this was the common opinion their reason is for that the words in the statute of 8. H. 6. in that clause which specially provideth for the restitution are thus The said Iustices c. shall reseise the said lands or tenements and thereof shall put the party so put out in full possession c. which words lands or tenements are only to be understood of them that have inheritance Rast 174. or a freehold at the least but to this it may be answered that the said statute of 8. H. 6. in the body thereof hath these words where any doe make any Forceible Entry into lands tenements or other possessions or them hold forceibly c. which words possessions extendeth to a lease for yeares c. And then the words possessions being in the same statute we shall
and every Iustice and Iustices of Assize shall for ever hereafter in their severall circuits respectively have the like power and authority to all intents and purposes to inquire heare and determine of all forceible Entries and forceible holding and all other offences aswell against the said statute of Octavo of King Henry the sixt as against this present statute and to award restitution of possession in all cases as any other Iudge or Iustice or Iustices of the peace could or may doe by this Act or by any other Statute of force within this Realme 23. Now to shew something more what the Law accompteth to be force and what weapons Weapons be offensive in these and the like cases Master Bracton saith Omnes illos dicimus armatos Dalton 186. qui habent cum quo nocere possunt and therfore to have harnesse guns Bowes and arrowes Crosbowes halberts Iavelins bils clubs pikes pitchforkes or swords not usually borne by the parties shall be said to be vis armata 24. Againe Si quis venerit cum armis dejecerit vis tamen armata dicitur sufficit enim terror armorum Si quis venerit sine armis in ipsa concertatione ligna sumpserit fustes aut lapides vis dicitur armata 25. And so to use casting of stones hot coales scalding water or lead or any other thing wherewith one may hurt the person of another shall be said to be vis armata 26. Next where a force Lawfull force or forceible defence is justifieable and where not 27. Force being opposed against the Law is utterly forbidden but being used in the maintenance of the Law and with the warrant of Law it is allowed for that it mainetaineth the peace of the realme P.R. 41. Dalton 186 And therefore force may lawfully be used by all the Kings officers ministers and subjects thereunto deputed for the execution or advancement of Iustice or of the judgements of the Law 28. And so first it is a lawfull force Ibid. whereby all offendors in Treason felony and other great crimes be pursued apprehended carryed to prison and receive their condigne punishments 29. Ibid. It is also a lawfull force whereby the Sheriffe and his officers doe apprehend any person by vertue of the Kings writ 30. 3. H. 7. And so it is a lawfull force whereby Iustices of peace doe remove unlawfull entries or holdings of possessions Br. Riots 73. and represse Riotters and doe arrest and send to prison such offendors And in these and the like cases the Kings officer scil the Sheriffe Iustice of peace and Constable may take the helpe of others what number they shall thinke meete to assist them when need shall require 31. Also it is a lawfull force which Iustices of peace Sheriffes Dalton 186. Coroners and Constables shall use in apprehending or committing to prison such as within their severall jurisdictions and in their presence shall in any sort breake or attempt to disturbe or breake the peace and they may therein take the assistance of others as aforesaid 32. Also in these cases following it is lawfull for the K. officers P.R. 41. by force to breake open a mans house to arrest offendors being therein if the doores be all shut so as the officer cannot otherwise enter the house viz. 33. For the apprehending of any person for treason felony Co. 5. 92. or suspition of felony or Treason 13. E. 4. 9. Br. Coron 159. Dalton 187. 34. Where one hath dangerously wounded another and then flying into an house the Constable or other officer upon fresh suite may breake open the doore and apprehend the offendor and so may any other person besides the officer as it seemeth 7. E. 3. 19. Crom. 171. Ibid. 35. Where there shall be an affray made in a house and the doores shut the Constable c. may breake into the house to see the peace kept Ibid. 36. So upon a forceible Entrie or detainer found by Inquisition before any Iustice of peace or viewed by the Iustice himselfe or the Sheriffe by his warrant may breake into the house to apprehend the offendors Ibid. 37. Upon a Capias utlagatum in any personall action as also upon a Capias pro fine directed to the Sheriffe the Sheriffe may breake open the doores c. Ibid. 38. Upon a warrant for the peace or good behaviour the Constables may breake open the house by the opinions of Popham and Clerke Iustices of Assise at Cambridge Assises 3. Iac. Reg. 39. Lastly in all cases where the K. is a party or hath Interest in the businesse Co. 5. 91. 13. Ed. 4. 9. the officers may breake open the doores as aforesaid For no mans house shall be a Castle against the King Co. 5. 91. And yet the Sheriffe nor his officers may not breake open any mans house to execute the Kings proces upon the body or goods of any person at the suite of any subject Co. 5. 92. 95. 40. But when a house is recovered by any reall action or by ejectione firmae there the Sheriffe may breake the house and deliver seisin or possession to the demandant or plaint for after judgement it is no more in the right or judgement of Law the house of the tenant or defendant Co. 5. 91. 41. But note that the officer before he breake open the house or doores of any person Co. 5. 91. he must first signifie the cause of his comming and desire that the doores may be opened unto him Co. 5. 91. 11. 82. 21. H. 7. 39. 42. Note also though no man may forceibly keepe his house against the Kings officers in the cases aforesaid yet every mans house is to himselfe Forceible de fence lawfull his familie and his goods as his Castle aswell for his dâ—fence against injury and violence as also for his repose and rest And therefore the Law doth give to dwelling houses diverse priviledges 1. First that it is a mans Castle for his defence as aforesaid 2. Also a mans house hath the priviledges to protect him against any arrest by force of any processe at the suite of any subject as aforesaid Co. 11. 8. 3. A mans house in some cases hath a priviledge against the Kings prerogative for it hath beene adjudged that Saltpetermen cannot dig in the mansion house of any subject without his assent in regard of the danger that may happen thereby in the night time to the owner his familie and goods by theeves and other malefactors Co. 11. 82. 4. If Theeves shall come to a mans house to rob or murder him Co. 5. 91. 11. 82. he may lawfully assemble company to defend his house by force and if he or any of his company shall kill any of them in defence of himselfe his familie his goods or house this is no felony neither shall they forfeite any thing therefore 5. Cromp. 70 Also a man that is
Sheriffes Bailiffes Constables Provost Marshals and other his Majesties loyall subjects are required to be ayding assisting and helpfull to every Iustice of peace and Iustices of Assize in the apprehending of the said Cosherers and wandring Idlers when they shall be thereunto required upon paine of such fine or fines to be set upon them for their neglect as upon conviction before the Iustices of peace or before the Iustices of Assise at their discretion shall be set upon them for their said default 30. Both which last mentioned statutes are in a manner but a declaration of the common Law for the constant course in Ireland hath ever beene at the generall Sessions of the peace and at the Assises to enquire of such Idlers and to fine and imprison them untill they shall finde surety to betake themselves to some honest labour or else to be bound to their good behaviour at the discretion of the Iudge 31. So likewise at the common Law if a man had taken my servant from me I might have had an action of Trespasse Quare vi armis c. but if he had procured the servant to depart who did depart accordingly and he retained him or if he had departed of his owne head and another had retained him knowing of the first retainer an Action did not lye at the common Law Quare vi armis c. but an action upon the case did lye upon the departure by such procurement and in case where the servant did depart without any such procurement and was retained by another 11. H. 4. 21. 22. there no action at all did lye by the common Law and therefore the said statute of 23. Ed. 3. was made which gives an action in these cases 11. H. 4. 21. 22. Co. lib. 11. fo 86. 32. Likewise by the common Law no man may be prohibited to worke in any lawfull trade for the Law abhorreth Idlenesse Coke lib. 11. fo 86. 33. Also by the common Law no man is prohibited to use diverse misteries or Trades at his pleasure and although this was prohibited by the statute of 37. Ed. 3. cap. 6. yet shortly after at the next Parliament that restraint of free Trade being found prejudiciall to the common wealth it was enacted againe that all persons should be as free to use severall Trades as they were at anytime before Co. lib. 11. fo 54. as appeares by the statute of 38. Ed. 3. ca. 2. and therefore without an Act of Parliament no man may be restrained either to worke in any lawfull Trade or to use diverse mysteries or Trades by any ordinances or by-lawes made to restraine the same but such by-lawes and ordinances are meerely voide and against the law 34. Also it is lawfull for any person to use privately any Trade as of a Cooke Brewer Baker Taylor or such like in his owne house or in the house of any other for the private use of the family although such person were never Apprentice to the Trade Who are compellable to serve by the statute 35. By the statute of 23. Ed. 3. and the rest of the statutes above mentioned a Iustice of peace may command vagrant persons to prison if they will not serve and labour and they may command the Gaoler to let them at large without other writ Fitz Na. Br. fo 168. b. and if a man be retained in service and goe vagrant out of his service another man may compell him to serve or labour because he is out of service Fitz. Na. Br. fo 168 b. Fitz. Na. Br. fo 168. 1. 36. He which hath not lands sufficient of his owne to manure or hath not some mistery or occupation to live upon shall be compelled to serve and labour by the said statute of 23. Ed. 3. Fitz. Na. Br. fol. 168. i. 37. In an action upon the statute of Labourers the defendant saith that he holdeth land for which he ought to doe certaine dayes works yearly to the Bishop of D. at his Mannor of S. and demands Iudgement if he shall be compelled to serve and the plaintiffe saith that he had but six acres for which he shall pay but six dayes worke upon which the defendant demurred in law and it was awarded by the Court that the plaintiffe shall be barred of his action the reason is 40. Ed. 3. 39. that if he shall bee retained with another it will not be lawfull for him to depart from him to doe the six dayes worke Brooke Lab. 5. nor to doe any worke 40. Ed. 3. 39. Brooke Labourers 5. 38. An Infant of the age of five yeares is not compellable to serve by the said statute by reason of his disability of body 41. Ed. 3. 17. Brooke Lab. 6. for the statute requireth that he should be potens in corpore 41. Ed. 3. 17. Brooke Labourers 6. 39. In an action of false imprisonment the defendant justifieth being Lord of the tenant because the plaintife was vagrant and I.N. complained for lacke of a servant and required him to serve and he would not wherefore he put him in the Stocks and the plaintiffe said that he had two Acres of land five sheepe and ten Cowes to the value of 20. l. to be occupied and the defendant said that hee had but a cottage and no land and so not sufficient to be occupied and the other said and maintained that he had sufficient Chattels to bee occupied and thereupon the issue was joyned 47. Ed. 3. 18. Br. Lab. 14. which proves that if his Chattels were sufficient to imploy him in labour he is not compellable to serve as a servant 47. Ed. 3. 18. Br. Lab. 14. 40. An action was brought upon the statute of Labourers against a litle Damosell of the age of ten yeares upon retainer and departure and the plaintiffe declared against her and the defendant said that she is but of the age of Ten yeares and demanded Iudgement of action and because it appeared to the Court by inspection that shee was not of age to make a Covenant therefore the writ was abated 2. H. 4. 5. Br. Lab. 19. and there Rickhill said that she is not of age to bind herselfe by Covenant ante annos nubiles that is to say before the age of 12. yeares 2. H. 4. 5. Br. Lab. 19. 41. In an action upon the statute of Labourers 7. H 4. 5. Br. Lab. 20. it was said that the statute of Anno. 23. Ed. 3. cap. 1. is that quilibet potens in corpore ought to serve and by Hankford an Infant of 12. yeares retained ought to serve 7. H. 4. 5. Br. Lab. 20. 42. A man brought an Action upon the statute of Labourers for taking his servant out of his possession 38. Ed. 3. 5. Br. Lab. 24. the defendant said that the servant is an Infant under the age of Ten yeares and because the plaintiffe could not gainsay it he was barred of his action 38. Ed. 3. 5.
Br. Lab. 24. 43. An Artificer as a Carpenter Taylor Shooemaker and such like shall not be compelled to serve by the statute of husbandrie contrarie of servants of husbandrie and therefore in an action of debt brought by the Carpenter Taylor or such like for his wages the master may wage his law but not in an action brought by a servant in husbandrie and yet if a Carpenter Taylor Shooemaker 33. H. 6. 14. Br. Lab. 36. or other Artificer will be retained in service and depart an action lies of the departure although that they shall not be constrayned to serve for the first Article of the statute of Labourers 23. Ed. 3. compels servants of husbandrie to serve and the second Article ordaines that if any retained in service depart from his master an Action shall lie of the Departure 33. H. 6. 14. Brooke Labourers 36. 44. In an action upon the statute of Labourers if the defendant were vagrant and was required to serve and refused by Martin if he be retained with one to serve by the day and is required by another to serve by the yeare there he shall serve the first the day which he was hired and after that day ended he shall serve the other by the yeare but if he be retained for twenty or forty dayes and be required by another to serve by the yeare he ought to serve the latter for a retainer by twenty or forty daies is no usuall retainer but otherwise it is of a retainer by the day 11. H. 6. 1. Br. Lab. 49. and by him if a man be retained for a yeare and after is vagrant and doe not serve accordingly there if another him require to serve he ought to obey that request 11. H. 6. 1. Brooke Labourers 49. 45. A servant shall be compelled to serve in Summer in the place where hee served in Winter before and the Lords of the Towne and Iustices of peace may command vagrants to prison which will not serve Fitz. Na. Br. fo 168 f. Br. Lab. 51. and if a man retaine a servant for forty daies and another retaine him for a yeare within the forty dayes the first retainer is thereby discharged because the first retayner was not according to the statute What is a good retainer within the statute and what not 3. H. 6. 23. Br. Lab. 1. Fitz. Na. Br. fo 168. f. Br. Lab. 51. 46. If a man retaine a Labourer to serve him in husbandrie according to the forme of the statute this is a good retainer although no wages be mentioned but it is otherwise if a man retaine a Carpenter to make a Mill or such like for in the one case the wages is certaine by the statute and not in the other 3. H. 6. 23. Br. Lab. 1. 47. An Action upon the statute of Labourers was brought against one which was retained in the office of an Imbroiderer who departed within the Terme 47. Ed. 8. â—â— Br. Lab. 15. the defendant demands Iudgement of writ because the statute doth extend only to servants and labourers and not to Artificers but this exception was not allowed whereby it appeares that this was a good retainer according to the statute 47. E. 3. 22. Br. Lab. 15. 48. An Action upon the statute of Labourers was brought against a Chaplaine who had covenanted to be Seneschall to the plainetiffe and Chaplaine of such a parish Church for that he departed within the Terme and as to the office of Seneschall it was adjudged that the Action is well brought 50. Ed. 3. 13. Br. Lab. 16. but as to the Chaplaine the Action doth not lie for that he is neither common Labourer nor Artificer but is the servant of God and therefore as to that he was discharged 50. E. 3. 13. Br. Lab. 16. 11. H. 4. 42. Br. Lab. 23. 49. A retainer upon condition is a good retainer within the said statute â—8 Ed. â— 12. Br. Lab. 25. Fitz Na. Br. fo 138. h. 11. H. 4. 42. Br. Lab. 23. 50. If a man that is insufficient and not able to keepe a servant retaine a servant to serve him by the yeare this is no good retainer 38. Ed. 3. 12. Br. Lab. 25. 51. An Action upon the statute of Labourers was brought and the defendant said that he was retained to collect the rents of the plaintiffe without that that he was retained in the office of a labourer and this was adjudged a good plea for the statute is only of those which may be required to serve as Labourers 19. H. 6. 53. Br. Lab. 28. and that is not a Collector of rents for it is not reasonable that a man should be compelled to be accomptable 19. H. 6. 53. Br. Lab. 28. 52. If a man retaine a servant to serve in his house 21. H. 6. 9. Br. Lab. 29. that is a good retainer although he doe not expresse in what office he shall serve that is to say a fervant in Husbandry Cooke Butler horsekeeper or such like 21. H. 6. 9. Br. Lab. 29. 53. By Markham and Ascue Iustices an Infant may bind himselfe a Prentice but Newton and Paston Iustices say that is by custome and not by the common Law and it is there agreed that one may be constrained by the statute to serve but not to be an Apprentice and by Paston if an Infant be retained to serve an Action upon the statute of Labourers is brought against him it is a good plea for him to say that he is an Infant but by Markham that is 21. H. 6. 33. Br. Lab. 30. where he is under the age of 14. yeares for at the age of 14. yeares he is potens in corpore according to the statute and therefore such retainer is good 21. H. 6. 33. Br. Lab. 30. 54. If I retaine a servant for a yeare and so from yeare to yeare taking for his wages according to the statute and if he serve Eight yeares he shall have an Action for his wages and he may not depart without reasonable warning but where he is retained for one yeare and continueth for Eight or Ten yeares now the first retainer shall serve for all and is but one retainer within the statute for all the yeares 38. H. 6. 14. Br. Lab. 36. 38. H. 6. 14. Br. Lab. 36. 55. If I retaine a servant to serve me by the yeare at any time that I shall require him this is no good retainer within the statute 22. H. 6. 30. Br. Lab. 31. 22. H. 6. 30. Br. Lab. 31. 56. An Action upon the statute of Labourers for taking of the plainetiffes retained servant the defendant said that the servant made the Covenant by dures and was within age and the defendant had 20. l. land and the servant is his Sonne and heire apparant and by Babington if such a sonne make a Covenant to serve this is a good retainer although he were heire apparant to 100. l. land And if he were of
7. vi armis c. tenentes cujusdam W. viz. I.D. E.F. qui tunc tenuerunt de praefato W. unum mesuagium sex acras terrae in villa de T. in Com. praed ad voluntatem ipsius W. reddend inde annuatim ad Festa Sancti Michaelis Archangeli Annunciationis beatae Mariae virginis viginti solid per aequales portiones N.R. qui tunc tenuit de praefato W. unum mesuag 6. acras terr in praed villa de T. ad volunt ipsius W. reddendo inde annuatim ad praed Festa triginta solidos per aequales portiones tales tantas minas de vitis suis mutilatione membrorum suor apud T. praed imposuit ipsos tantis injurijs gravaminibus viz. insultibus affraijs adtunc ibidem affecit quòd ijdem tenentes à tenura ipsius W. totaliter ibidem recesser sicque idem W. redditus servitia tenentium suor praedict per magnum tempus Iudgement Fyne and Imprisonment viz. à praed die c. per dimidium unius anni tunc proximè sequentis totaliter amisit alia enormia c. contra pac c. 38. Another Indict for menacing the Kings tenants whereby they departed from their holdings Lib. Intr fol. 593. 9. IUr. c. quòd H.W. de c. die c. anno c. vi armis c. tenentes ipsius Domini Regis viz. I. I. I.A. I.C. I. B. qui quidem I.I. adtunc tenuit de eod Dom. Rege unum mesuag 40. acras ter cum pertinentijs in S. in Com. praed ad volunt ejusdem Dom. Regis per fidelitatem redditum quadraginta solidor singulis annis ad Festa Pasc S. Mich. Archangeli per aequales portiones solvend similiter praedictus I.A. adtunc tenuit de ipso Rege unum aliud mesuag 20. acras ter in S. praed ad volunt ejusdem Dom. Regis per fidelitatem et redditum 20. s. singulis annis ad Festa Pasc S. Mich. Archang per aequales portiones solvend ac etiam praedict I.C. adtunc similiter tenuit de eod Dom. Rege unum aliud mesuag 20. acras terrae in S. praed ad volunt ejusdem Dom. Regis per fidelitat redditum 20. solidor singulis annis ad Festa Pasc et Sancti Mich. Arch. per aequales portiones solvend et ulterius idem I. B. adtunc similiter tenuit de eod Dom. Rege unum aliud mes 30. acras terr in S. praed ad volunt ejusdem domini Regis per fidelitat redditum triginta solidor singulis annis ad Festa Pasc et S. Mich. Arch. per aequales portiones solvend tales et tantas minas de vitis suis et mutilatione membrorum suorum apud S. praed imposuit et ipsos tantis injurijs et gravaminibus ibidem affecit quòd ijdem tenentes ad mansiones suas accedere et negotia sua viz. circa supervis husbandr ipsor et reparation domor suar prosequi ob metum mortis et mutilation hujusmodi per magnum tempus viz. per duos annos integros tunc proximè sequentes palam incedere non audebant Sicque negotia praed per idem tempus infecta remanser ijdemque tenentes à tenura ipsius Domini Regis ibidem penitus recesserunt Iudgement ut supra sicque idem Dominus Rex redditus et servitia tenentium suor praed per tempus praed perdidit et amisit et alia enormia c. contra pac c. 39. An Indictment of Trespasse de muliere abducta cum bonis viri IUr. pro Dom. Rege c. dicunt praesentant Lib. Intr. fol. 593. 1. quòd I.P. de c. die c. anno c. vi armis c. quandam M. uxorem cujusdam A. apud S. in Com. praed rapuit eam cum bonis catallis ipsius A. viz. una toga c. ad valentiam c. cepit abduxit ea ei adhuc injustè detinet contra pacem dom Regis nunc Iudgement ut supra coron dign suas contra formam statut in hujusmodi casu edit provis 40. An Indict of Trespasse for cutting and breaking downe of pale Lib. Intr. f. 594. 1. IUr. c. quòd A.B. c. die c. anno c. vi armis c. clausum cujusdam R.W. apud W. in Com. praed fregit palum viz. quadraginta perticas pali in longitudine ibidem nuper erect ad valentiam c. prostravit secuit herbam suam tunc ibidem crescent cum averijs viz. equis c. depastus fuit Iudgement ut supra alia enormia c. contra pacem c. 41. An Indict of Assault batterie and menace to another mans servant Lib. Intr. fo◠592. 4. IVr pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd R.A. de B. in Com. C. yeoman die c. anno c. vi et armis viz. c. in I. A. servientem cujusdam I. H. apud D. in Com. praed insultum fecit ipsum verberavit vulneravit maletractavit eidem I.A. tales tantas minas de vita sua mutilatione membrorum suorum apud D. praedict imposuit ipsum tantis injurijs gravaminibus viz. insultibus affraijs adtunc ibidem affecit quòd idem I.A. circa negotia viz. collectionem reddituum ac supervisionem husbandriae ipsius I.H. reparationem domorum suarum ob metum mortis mutilationis hujusmodi per magnum tempus viz. à praedicto die c. usque in hunc diem intendere non audebat Iudgement ut supra sicque negotia praed per idem tempus infecta remanser idemque I.H. servitium servientis sui praedicti per tempus praedict amisit alia enormia c. contra pac c. 42. An Indictment for breaking a Close depasturing of grasse Lib Intr. fol 592. 5. and menace of the Tenants IVr pro Dom. Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd A B. C. D. de c. die c. anno c. vi armis c. clausum cujusdam I. S. apud G. in Com. praedicto fregerunt herbam suam ad valentiam c. depasti fuerunt cum quibusdam averijs viz. equis bobus bidentibus et tenentibus suis viz. B. et C. quorum uterque tunc tenuit de ipso I.S. unum mesuagium cum pertinentijs in G. praed per fidelitat c. tales et tantas minas de vitis suis mutilatione membrorum suorum apud G. praed imposuerunt ipsos tantis injurijs gravaminibus viz. insultibus affraijs tunc ibidem affecer quòd ijdem tenentes à tenura praedicti mesuagij cum pertinentijs penitus recesserunt sicque idem I.S. servitia sua per
ibidem ceperunt asportaver alia enormia ei intuler ad grave damnum ipsius E.S. et contra formam stat praedicti ac contra pac c. 54. An Indictment upon the same statute for hunting in the Kings Forrests and Parks Lib. Intr. fol. 5â—6 IUr. pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd cum in statuto in Parliamento Westmonasterij primo de Malefactoribus in parcis vivarijs provisum existat quòd si quis inde ad sectam querentis convincatur considerentur bonae altae emendae secundum quantitatem delicti et habeat malefactor hujusmodi prisonam trium annor redemption Domino Regi faciet si habeat unde redimi posset nihilominus inveniet bonam securitatem quod amplius non malefaciet et si post imprisonamentum trium annor non habet unde redimi posset inveniet eandem securitatem et si securitat hujusmodi invenire nequeat regnum abjuret prout in eod stat plenius continetur Quidam tamen I.G. de D. in Com. praed I.L. de H. in Com. praed yeomen poenam statuti praedicti non verentes die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs arcubus sagittis forestam Domini Regis de W. in Com. praed intraver necnon parcum ipsius Domini Regis apud W. praed freger in eis sine licentia ejusdem Domini Regis fugaver feras Iudgement ut supra viz. tres damas masculos tunc ibidem ceperunt asportaver contra formam statut praedicti contra pac c. 55. An Indictment for chasing a Buck in the Kings Forrest with a Greyhound c. without reciting the statute de malefactoribus c. IUr. pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesent quòd R.M. de O. in Com. D. yeoman R.P. nuper de N. in Com. praed yeoman die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs baculis sagittis Forestam dicti Domini Regis de M. in Com. D. praed freger intraver unum damam masculum vocat a Buck ad valentiam decem solidor adtunc ibid. invent sine licentia voluntate dicti Dom. Regis cum cane leporario vocato a Greyhound fugaver chasiaver dict damam apud R. infra praecinctum forestae praed cum funibus Anglicè vocat Halters Iudgement ut supra die anno praed suspender occider ipsum damam sic suspensum occisum injustè ceper asport contra pac dicti Dom. Regis c. ac contra form statut in hujusmodi casu edit provis 56. An Indict for hunting Conyes IUr. pro Dom. Rege c. praesent quòd A.B. de C. in Com. D. Labourer homo laicus existens a Festo Sancti Bartholomei Apostoli anno Regni Domini Regis nunc 13o. continuè usque in hunc diem apud C. praedict in Com. praed habuit custodivit unum canem Graecum Anglicè vocat a Greyhound ad venand chasiand lepores cuniculos Et quod idem A. B. 27o. die Augusti Anno supradicto unum cuniculum valoris quatuor denar in quodam clauso cujusdam I.S. de C. praed in dicto Com. vocat the Cony-garth infra parochiam de C. praed in dicto Com. existen cum dicto cane venatus est occidit ubi idem A.B. nunquam habuit terras aut tenementa ad clarum annuum valor quadraginta solidor in dicti Domini Regis contempt contra formam stat in hujusmodi casu edit provis ac contra pacem c. Iudgement a yeares imprisonment by 13. R. 2. cap. 13. 57. An Indictment for keeping Hounds and hunting by such as have not land to the value of 40. s. IVr c. dicunt et praesentant quòd I.W. T.P. de D. in Com. D. yeomen non habentes terras neque tenementa ad valorem quadraginta solidor per ann ultra reprisas tenent habent custodiunt canes venaticos leporarios eisdem usi sunt venari in diversis partibus juxta C. viz. apud D. alibi infra Baroniam de C. in Com. praed die c. anno c. apud D. praed venati sunt ac lepores alia animalia veneris tunc ibidem ceper occider contra pac c. contra formam stat in hujusmodi casu edit provis Iudgement ut supra 13. R. 2. cap. 13. 58. An Indictment for stealing of Conyes with Nets Dogs and Ferrets IVr c. dicunt praesent quòd A.B. de C. in Com. D. Labourer die c. anno c. vi armis clausum cujusdam I.S. apud M. circa horam octavam in nocte freger intraver 20. cuniculos cum retibus canibus venarijs vocat Ferrets adtunc ibid. invent ceper occider asport contra formam statut in hujusmodi casu edit provis contra pacem c. Iudgement ut supra 13. R. 2. cap. 13. Lib. Intr. fol. 585. 59. An Indictment of Trespasse for hunting in a Warren IUr. pro Domino Rege c. dicunt quòd W.T. nuper de B. in Com. D. die c. anno c. vi et armis viz. gladijs c. liberam Warrennam cujusdam I.A. Armigeri apud T. in Com. praed intravit in ea sine licentia voluntate sua fugavit viginti lepores quadraginta cuniculos Iudgement Fine and imprisonment decem phasianos quadraginta perdices cepit asportavit contra pacem dom Regis nunc c. 60. An Indictment for taking Conyes in a free Warren in the night time IUr. pro Dom. Rege c. dicuut praesent quòd A.B. de C. in CoÌ„ D. Labourer vi armis viz. baculis falcastris arcubus sagittis alijs armis defensivis liberam warrennam cujusdam I.S. apud A. in Com. praed circa horam decimam in nocte ejusdem diei fregit intravit in ead libera warrenna leporarijs lyciscis retibus vocat Iudgement ut supra Purse-nets sine licentia dicti I.S. venatus fuit quadraginta cuniculos ipsius I.S. adtunc ibidem invent cepit asportavit contra pacem c. 61. An Indictment for killing a Buck in a Parke IUrator pro Dom. rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd A.B. de C. in Com. D. yeoman E.F. de G. in eodem Com. yeoman die c. anno c. apud G. in Com. praedicto vi armis Iudgement three yeares imprisonment Ransome and security not to offend afterwards and for want of such security to abjure the Realme viz. gladijs c. clausum parcum cujusdam I.S. armigeri apud H. in Com. praed injustè fregerunt intraverunt damas ipsius I.S. adtunc ibidem in parco praed cubantes et depascentes cum tribus
canibus leporarijs vocat Greyhounds uno Reti vocato a Buckstall quòd in parco praed tetenderunt injustè venati sunt chasiaverunt unum damam vocat a Buck adtunc ibid. cum canibus praed injustè ceperunt occiderunt asportaverunt contra pacem dicti Domini Regis nunc c. ac contra formam statut in hujusmodi casu edit provis 62. An Indict against one for fishing in another mans severall Piscarie IUr. c. dicunt praesentant quod A.B. de C. in Com. D. yeoman die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs c. clausum haias cujusdam W.G. apud A. in Com. praedicto fregit in separali piscaria sua ibidem piscatus fuit pisc inde viz. duos salmones ducentas trutas ducentas chevenas ad valentiam c. adtunc ibidem cepit et asportavit Iudgement Fine and imprisonment et herbam suam ad valentiam c. ibidem nuper crescen conculcavit et consumpsit et alia enormia ei intulit contra pac domini Regis nunc c. 63. An Indictment of false Imprisonment Lib. Intr. fol. 339. IUr. c. dicunt et praesent quòd A.B. de C. in Com. D. gen die c. anno c. simul cum alijs malefactoribus et pacis Domini Regis perturbatoribus ignotis vi et armis viz. gladijs c. in quendam E.F. apud D. in Com. praed adtunc et ibid. in pace Dei et dicti domini Regis existen insult fecit et ipsum E. F. de vexatione perturbatione et imprisonamento adtunc et ibidem minatus fuit et tales et tantas infidias insultus et minas de vexatione perturbatione et imprisonamento idem A.B. in praefatum E.F. adtunc et ibidem intulit et imposuit sic quòd dictus E.F. circa negotia et proficua sua ibidem agenda viz. debita sua colligend victualia sua emend et artem suam de scissore exercend ob metum vexationis perturbationis et imprisonamenti hujusmodi per magnum tempus scil à die c. usque diem c. palam incedere aut intendere non audebat sicque negotia et proficua sua praedicta per dictum tempus totaliter infecta remanser ac ipsum E.F. die c. anno c. apud D. c. cepit et imprisonavit et ipsum E.F. à dicto die c. usque diem c. apud D. praed in prisona injustè detinuit contra paceÌ„ dict dom regis nunc c. Iudgement Fine and iâ—prisonment 64. An Indict of Assault Batterie and false Imprisonment Lib. Intr. fol. 339. IUr. c. dicunt praesent quòd A.B. de C. in Com. D. arm die c. anno c. vi armis viz. c. in quendam G.H. apud C. praed insult fecit ipsum verberavit vulneravit imprisonavit maletractavit ipsum G.H. sic imprisonat ab inde usque E. in Com. praed duxit ibidem die anno praedict imprisonavit Et sic in prisona contra legem consuetudinem hujus regni Hiberniae viz. per unum mensem tunc proximè sequent Iudgement ut supra detinuit alia enormia ei intulit contra pac c. 65. An Indictment of Trespasse against a Miller for taking excessive Toll Lib. Intr. fol. 605. 3. IUr. c. quòd A.B. de C. in Com. praed Miller die Lunae Martis proxim post festum S. Michael Arch. anno c. sic continuando per duos annos tunc proximè sequentes per diversas vices viz. quibuslibet diebus Lunae Martis septimanatim quolibet viz. die eorund dierum Lunae Martis vi et armis c. bona catalla cujusdam C. viz. frumentum ad molendinum missum viz. medietatem unius modij frumenti ultra tolnetum pro multura inde debitum consuetum quae quantitates frumenti per idem tempus modo et forma praed Iudgement Fine and imprisonment capt in toto attingebant ad quatuordecem quarterias frumenti ultra ad valentiam c. apud S. in Com. praed invent cepit asportavit alia enormia c. contra pacem c. 66. An Indictment for breaking a Close cutting and carrying away of Corne. IUr. pro Domino Rege c. dicunt et praesentant quòd R.B. de C. in Com. D. yeoman die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs c. clausum cujusdam R. R. apud B. in Comitatu praedicto fregit blada sua viz. decem carrectat hordei ad valentiam c. adtunc ibid. messuit asportavit alia enormia ei intulit Iudgement Fyne and imprisonment contra paceÌ„ c. 67. An Indictment for taking and carrying away Corne in Sheaves IVrator pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd W. G. de H. in Com. D. yeoman I. B. de H. praedict in Comit. praedict yeoman die c Anno c. vi et armis viz. gladijs c. bona et catalla cujusdam I.H. scil duas carrectatas frumenti in garbis duas carrectatas hordei in garbis et duas carrectatas siliginis in garbis ad valent Iudgement ut supra c. apud I. in Com. praed invent ceperunt asportaverunt contra pacem c. 68. An Indictment for the wrongfull taking an Estray IVratores pro Dom. Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd cum A.B. ratione Hundredi sui de R. habeat habere debeat ipseque omnes antecessores sui domini Hundredi praedicti â tempore quo non extat memoria semper hactenus habere consueverunt omnia animalia quae dicuntur Stray infrà praecinctum Hundredi illius Quidam tamen R. S. de B. in Com. C. yeoman die c. anno c. sex equos pretij c. apud T. in Com. praed Iudgement ut supra infra praecinctum hundredi praedicti et ad ipsum A. tanquam Stray pertinentes vi et armis videlicet gladijs c. cepit abduxit contra pacem c. 69. An Indictment for breaking of a house and Close and depasturing with Cattle IVrat pro Dom. rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd I. A. de B. in Comitatu C. yeoman simul cum R. B. I.L. die c. anno c. vi et armis viz. gladijs c. clausum domum cujusdam I. H. apud W. in Com. praed fregit herbam suam ad valentiam quadraginta solidor ibidem nuper crescentem cum quibusdam averijs viz. equis bobus vaccis bidentibus depastus fuit Iudgement 〈◊〉 supra conculcavit consumpsit alia enormia ei intulit contra pacem c. 70. An Indictment of Trespasse for breaking of a house
and taking away goods IVrat pro Dom. Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd K.F. de G. in Com. D. yeoman et W.W. de G. praed in Com. praed yeoman die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs c. domum cujusdam R. I. apud C. in Com. praed fregerunt et bona et catalla sua viz. 24. foot sparres et 3000. Tyles ad valentiam c. Iudgement ut supra adtunc ibidem invent ceperunt asportaver ac alia enormia ei intulerunt contra pacem c. 71. An Indictment for breaking a Close cutting of Trees and depasturing of grasse IUratores pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd I.S. de D. in Comit. C. yeoman die c. anno c. vi et armis viz. gladijs c. clausum cujusdam R. B. apud H. in Com. praedict fregit arbores suas viz. decem quercus et quatuor fraxinos ad valentiam c. adtunc ibidem nuper crescentes succidit asportavit herbam suam ad valentiam c. ibidem nuper crescentem cum quibusdam averijs viz. equis bobus vaccis bidentibus adtunc depastus fuit conculcavit consumpsit continuan Iudgement ut supra transgressionem praedict quoad depastat conculcationem et consumptionem herbae praed à praed die c. usque hunc diem alia enormia ei intulit contra pacem c. 72. An Indictment of divers Trespasses and other misdemeanours committed at divers times and divers yeares IVrator pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd M.G. de D. in Comitatu S. yeoman die Lunae proxim ante festum Sancti Iohannis Baptistae continuè quolibet die per unam septimanam tunc proxim sequentem quolibet die Lunae proximo post festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli et continuè quolibet die per unam septimanam tunc proximè sequent quolibet die Lunae proximo post festum Ascensionis domini continuè quolibet die per unam septimanam tunc proximè sequentem Annis regni Regis domini nunc quinto sexto septimo octavo nono decimo et undecimo vi et armis viz. gladijs c. clausum domos cujusdam T.B. apud L. in Com. praed fregit ipsum T.B. homines et servientes suos viz. I. W. R.W. T.H. clericos cum eodem T.B. rotulos et brevia in officio ipsius T. B. protonotarij in communi Banco conficientes scribentes tantis injurijs gravaminibus viz. Clamoribus magnis minus justè indebitè imponend eid T. B. quod R. W. cujus testamenti idem T. B. executor fuit eidem M. debuisset viginti libras quòd idem T. B. ad excitationem servientum suor praedict illas eidem M. falsissimè detinuisset Et quod ubi praed T. B. eidem M. solvisset una vice 40 s alia vice 5. marcas idem T. homines servientes sui praedicti ex eorum falsa cōspiratione quoddam scriptum cōfecissent per quod idem M. remisit relaxavit omnino pro se haeredibus suis quietè clamavit cuidam R. C. eidem T.B. omnimodas actiones personales quas versus eos habuit seu habere potuit à principio mundi usque in diem confectionis ejusdem scripti et scriptum illud scriptum acquietantiae de praedictis 5. marcis tantum fuisse dixissent ipse M. praedictum scriptum relaxationis verbis assertionibus sigillare fecissent similiter mendaciter asserendo quòd praedictus R. W. jam defunctus per chartam suam dedisset eidem M. quoddam tenementum in C. praedictus P. homines servientes sui praed chartam illam fregissent illam eidem M. subtraxissent quòd idem T. sigilla quae fuerunt praedicti R. habens talia scripta munimenta qualia voluit per consilium assensum hominum servientum suorum praedictorum de novo de tenementis illis fabricasset et tenementa illa falsissimè vendidisset ipsum T. servientes suos praed genulando et manus suas in altum levan pro posse mala voluntate suis violenter anathematizavit ipsos magna vociferatione homines reprobos scurras falsissimos appellando affecit per quod idem T. homines et servientes sui praedicti circa negotia aut alia proficua ipsius T. viz. confection scriptur Rotulorum faciend per magnum tempus videlicet per septem annos praedict intendere non audebant sicque negotia et proficua praed infecta remanserunt idemque T. servitium hominum servient suor praedictor per idem tempus amisit alia enormia c. contra pac c. Iudgement 〈◊〉 supra 73. An Indictment for breaking of a Chest and taking out money IUratores pro Dom. Rege c. praesent quòd T.S. de D. in Com. C. yeoman die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs baculis c. quandam cistam cujusdam I.B. apud C. in Com. praed fregit 40.l de denarijs suis in pecunia numerata in eadem cista adtunc ibidem existen ceperunt asportaverunt Iudgement 〈◊〉 supra contra pacem domini Regis nunc coron dignit suas 74. An Indict of Trespasse for taking away a bagge of writings IUrat pro dom Rege c. praesentant quòd T.S. nuper de L. in Comitatu D. gen die c. vi armis viz. gladijs cultellis c. quandam bagam cujusdam T.W. sigillatam cum chartis scriptis alijs munimentis in eadem baga contentis titulum ipsius T. W. de et in triginta acris terrae cum pertinentijs in T.O. et P. in Com. Iudgement 〈◊〉 supra praedicto concernent apud N. invent cepit asportavit contra pac c. 75. An Indict of Trespasse for breaking a house chasing of sheepe with dogs and taking away of goods IUrator pro Dom. Rege c. praesentant quòd T.H. de B. in Comitatu C. gen die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs baculis c. clausum et domos cujusdam R. apud W. in Com. praed fregit 2205. oves suas ibid. invent cum quibusdam canibus fugavit canes illos ad mordend oves praedictas in tantum incitando quod per fugationem illam et morsus canum praedictorum 124. Iudgement ut supra oves de ovibus praedictis pretij c. interierunt centum oves de ovibus praed residuum faerus suos abortivos projecerunt oves residuae multipliciter deterioratae fuerunt Et bona catalla sua viz. unam togam de Russet unam uliam togam de nigro velvet unam diploidem de Tawny Damaske Iudgement ut supra sex annulos de auro ad valent
habeant prisonam duorum annorum postmodum redimantur ad voluntat dom Reg. prout in eodem stat plenius continetur Quidam I.B. nuper de A. c. statutum praed minimè ponderans c. I.C. filiam H.C. ancillam infra aetatem existentem Iudgement Imprisonment for two yeares and Ransome viz. aetatis 11. annorum quadr diebus elapsis apud W. tertio die S. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs violenter cepit rapuit contra formam stat praed ac contra pacem c. 82. For Trespasse in Corne grasse or plowing INquir pro Domino Rege fi A. B. de C. in Com. E. yeoman 20. die mensis A. Anno regni Dominae nostrae Eliz. Dei gratia Angliae Franciae et Hiberniae Reginae fidei defensor c. tricesimo quarto quoddam clausum cujusdam I.S. apud C. praed in Com. E. praed vulgariter voc Cowlease vi armis fregit ac intravit ac herbas blada triticea ipsius I.S. tunc ibidem crescentia ad valentiam 20 s cum quibusdam bobus bidentibus ipsius A.B. tunc ibidem depastus est ac consumpsit necnon solum fundum ipsius I.S. tunc ibidem cum quodam aratro subvertit per quod praedict I.S. omne commodum proficuum dicti soli sui per longum tempus postea amisit Iudgement Fyne and imprisonment Ac alia damna enormia praedict I.S. tunc et ibidem intulit ad grave damnum ipsius I.S. ac contra pacem dictae dom nostrae Reginae nunc coron dignit suas 83. For eating Corne with a flocke of sheepe INquiratur c. si I.M. de M. in Com. E. Shepheard 20. die M. Anno Regni c. apud V. in Com. E. praed vi armis viz. baculis cultellis clausum I.S. fregit et blada ipsius I.S. viz. hordea avenas in 30. acris terrae tunc ibidem crescent cum grege ovium in custodia sua existente depastus fuit conculcavit consumpsit Iudgement Fine and imprisonment alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius I. S. ac contra pacè dicti c. 84. For Trespasse in Fishgarths in the hands of divers Farmors and for the taking of three Salmons IUrat praesent pro Domino Rege c. quòd W.S. de B. in Com. L. yeoman I.W. de ead villa in Com. L. praed yeoman I.W. de T. in Com. L. praed yeoman 8. die Martij Anno c. circa horam quartam post meridiem ejusdem diei apud S. in Com. L. praed vi et armis c. in quandam piscar voc Fishgarths tunc in tenura occupatione R.F. C.L. I.L. firmar ibid. dicti dom Reg. intraver freger tres Salmones ad valent 20 s de bonis catallis praed R.F. C.L. I.L. in pisc praed ceperunt abinde asportaver contra voluntatem praed R.F. c. ad grave damnum ipsor R.F. c. ac contra pacē dicti dom Regis nunc c. Iudgement ut supra 85. An Indictment for fishing in a Mill-pond with hookes and other Engines INquir pro Dom. Rege si T.W. de M. in Com. praed Labourer et H.I. de W. in Com. praed Taylor c. 14o. die Aprilis Anno c. ac diversis tempor ante praed diem postea apud H. praed in Com. praed vi armis Iudgement ut supra viz. gladijs c. in uno stagno ibid. voc H. Milnepoole tunc exist liber tenemēt R.D. gen cum hamis alijs engin piscaverunt divers pisces viz. viginti Trutas tunc ibid. ceper asportaverunt contra pac c. 86. An Indictment for Trespasse done in a Corne-field IUrator praesentant c. quòd W.C. nuper de T. in Com. praed Labourer T.P. c. tertio die c. anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs c. clausum I.N. apud S. in Com. praed in quodam loco voc S. Field freger et intraver tres acras frumenti ipsius I.W. ad valentiam viginti librarum adtunc ibidem crescen cum quibusdam averijs viz. equis bobus Iudgement ut supra bidentibus depasti sunt ac pedibus suis ambulando conculcaver consumpser alia enormia ei intuler contra pacem c. 87. An Indictment for enclosing of 20. Acres of pasture out of a common field in the which all the Inhabitants have time out of minde used to have common of pasture for all manner of Cattell IUratores praesentant c. Quòd Ed. C. nuper de L. in Com. praed generosus G.C. nuper de L. c. decimo die c. Anno c. necnon diversis diebus vicibus tam antea quam postea vi armis c. 20. acras pasturae cum pertinentijs in L. praedict in aperto communi campo ibid. in quibus omnes inhabitantes villae praedictae à tempore cujus contrar memoria hominum non existit usi fuerunt consueverunt habere communiam pasturae pro omnibus animalibus suis omni tempore anni in perpetuum cum sepibus fossatis incluser ac easd vigint acr sic inclusas à praed decimo die April anno suprad usque diem capt hujus Inquisitionis custod adhuc custod in malum perniciosum exemplum alior ligeor dict dom Reg. contra formam divers stat c. ac contra pac c. Iudgement Fine and imprisonment and the inclosure to be abated 88. An Indictment of Trespasse for breaking and entring into a Close INquir pro Domino Rege si I.S. de N. 10. die Iunij Anno c. vi et armis c. clausum A.B. de H. apud F. in Com. praed freg intravit herbam A.B. ad valentiam 10 s ibid. nuper crescen cum quibusdam averijs suis depast fuit conculcavit consumpsit Et alia enormia ei intulit Iudgement Fyne and imprisonment ad grave damnum ipsius R.G. contra pacem domini Reg. coron dignit suas 89. An Indictment of Trespasse for breaking and entring into a Close and cutting downe Ashes in the said Close INquir pro dom Reg. si A.B. de C. in Com. L. Clericus W.D. de eadem villa Com. Clericus 4. die Augusti Anno c. vi armis viz. gladijs c. Clausum A. B. de M. in Com. praed freger intraver et viginti fraxinos ipsius A.B. tunc ibid. crescen ad valentiam 40. s. succider asport ad grave damnum c. ac contra pacem c. Iudgement ut supra 90. An Indictment for breaking of a Close and driving away of Cattell out of the Close IVrator praesentant c. quòd T. S. de c. die anno c. vi armis c.
clausum I.D. apud H. praed freger intraverunt et averia ipsius I.D. viz. viginti vaccas adtunc ibidem depascent ceperunt abinde fugaverunt Iudgement ut supra contra pac c. 91. Another Indictment for Trespasse for breaking of a Close and eating of the grasse with Cattell INquiratur c. si A.B. C.D. de c. die anno c. vi armis c. clausum E. F. apud W. praedict in Com. praedicto fregerunt intraver herbam suam adtunc ibidem cum quibusdam averijs suis viz. equis vaccis Iudgement ut supra bobus depasti fuer conculcaver et consumpserunt contra pacem c. 92. An Indictment for breaking into a Close and treading downe the grasse INquiratur c. si A.B. de c. die et anno c. vi armis c. clausum D.E. apud C. praed in Com. praed fregit intravit herbam suam ibid. ad valent c. pedibus suis ambuland conculcavit consumpsit Iudgement ut supra Et alia enormia c. ad grave damnum c. ac contra pacem c. 2. Of Fraud 1. Against Bakers conspiring to make small Bread IVratores pro Dom. Rege c. praesentant quòd A.B.C.D.E.F. G.H. de M. in dicto Com. pistores secundo die Mensis Octobris Anno regni dicti domini nostri Caroli Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae Hiberniae Reg. fidei defensor c. 13o. apud M. praed in Com. praedicto insimul convenerunt conspiraverunt ac mutuò inter se promiserunt quòd panis denarij vocat the peny loafe de integro frumento per eos seu eorum aliquem tum deinceps faciendus ac vendendus non amplius quam 6. uncias Troiae ponderis habebit ponderabit Iudgement Fyne and imprisonment quodcunque imposterum foret unius quarterij frumenti pretium in dicti domini nostri reg subditorum gravamen necnon contra formam diversorum statutorum in hujusmodi casu provisorum editorum coxtra pacem c. 2. An Indictment of Conspiracy upon an acquittall of Felony in the Kings Bench. IUratores pro Domino Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd T.R. I. H. W.P. W. Q. de S. in Com. D. yeomen conspiratione inter eos apud L. in Com. praedicto primo die Octobris Anno regni domini regis nunc decimo praehabita quendam W. de eo quòd ipse 20. die Novembris Anno Regni dicti Domini Regis nono inter alia quadraginta libras in pecunijs numeratis de denarijs cujusdam T.R. apud I. in Com. praedicto invent felonicè furatus fuerit Iudgement That his house shall be rased his woods eradicated his meadowes plowed his testimony never to be received his person never to approch the Kings Courts his lands goods to be seased into the Kings hands his body to be imprisoned and ransomed at the Kings pleasure ceperit aspertavit coram domino Rege apud the Kings Courts Dublin die Sabbati proxim post crastin animarum dicto anno decimo ejusdem domini regis indictari ipsum W. ea occasione apud Dublin in Com. Civit. Dublin die Iovis proximo post festum Sancti Hillarij dicto anno decimo capi ipsum in prisona Mariscalciae dom Regis coram ipso Rege apud D. praedict in Comitatu praedicto quousque idem W. in Curia domini regis coram ipso Rege apud D. in Comitatu Civitatis praedictae die Iovis prox post festum Purificationis beatae Mariae virginis in eod anno decimo inde secundum legem consuetudinem regni Regis Hiberniae acquietatus fuisset detineri falso malitiosè procuraverunt contra formam statut in hujusmodi casu edit et provis ac in contemptum dom Regis c. et contra pacem c. 3. Another Indictment of Conspiracie upon acquittall of Robbery before Iustices of the Peace and Oyer and Terminer IUratores pro Dom. Rege c. dicunt praesentant quòd I. H. nuper de M. in Comitatu G. et E.H. de M. in Com. praedict yeomen conspiratione inter eos die veneris proximo post festum Purificationis beatae Mariae virginis Anno Regni domini Regis nunc duodecimo apud C. in Com. praedict praehabita quendam I.C. de eo quòd ipse aggregatis sibi quamplurimis malefactoribus ignotis modo guerrino arraiatis 6. die Octobris Anno c. apud L. in Com. praedicto jacuit in insidijs vi et armis ad intersiciendum I. H. in ipsum I.H. adtunc ibidem vi armis viz. gladijs arcubus extensis sagittis et baculis insultum fecit ipsum adtunc ibidem verberavit vulneravit maletractavit ita quod de vita ejus desperabatur quinque solidos in pecunijs numeratis de bonis catillis dicti I. H. in quadam bursa sua adtunc ibidem invent felonicè furatus fuit cepit asportavit contra pacem coronam dignitatem domini Regis nunc die Mercurij proximo post clausum Paschae dicto anno duodecimo coram I.G. W.M. Iusticiarijs pacis dicti domini regis nunc ac ad diversa felonias transgressiones alia malefacta in Com. praedicto per literas patentes dicti domini regis sub magno sigillo suo Hiberniae audiend terminand assignat apud G. in Com. praedict indictari fecerunt ipsum I.C. ea occasione praedicto die Mercurij dicto anno duodecimo apud G. praedict capi in prisona domini Regis Comitatus praedicti quousque idem I.C. inde coram praefatis I.G. W.N. secundum legem consuetudinem regni dom Regis Hiberniae praedicto die Mercurij Anno 12. praedicto apud G. praedict acquietatus fuisset detineri falso malitiosè procuraverunt in contemptum domini regis Iudgement ut supra contra formam statut in hujusmodi casu edit provis c. 4. For conspiring and combyning to indict one for stealing of an horse of one of the Conspirators and for procuring of divers false suits to be brought and pursued in the names of the conspirators and of divers others against divers persons IUratores c. praesentant quòd I.P. nuper de I. in praedicto comitatu E. Taylor R.B. nuper de C. in praedicto Com. E. gener unà cum alijs quamplurimis personis adhuc ignot contra legem domini regis ac formam statutorum in hujusmodi casu provisorum conspiratione covina apud T. praed die c. anno c. habit diversis tempor postea simul unit confederat jurat falso fraudulentèr malitiosè vener ad vindicand destruend perturband placitand adnihiland similiter adnulland fideles innocentes ligeos dicti domini regis pro lucro ad eorum
usually weare or shall make any use of such weapons as he doth find in the house to defend his possession therewith these are forceible Deteiners within these statutes 33. If a man that hath peaceably entred into an house will bestow men with force scil with harnesse Ibid. guns or other weapons in some other house or place not farre distant to the intent that they may be ready to assault such as shall enter upon him this is a deteiner with force Cromp. 69. 34. So is it if the disseisor of a house or land shall forestall the way of the dissesee with force and Armes so that the disseisee dareth not enter nor come neere thereto for feare of death c. Dalton pag. 35. So is it if a man shall keepe his cattell in another mans ground by force P.R. 39. claming Common there when he hath no Common in this case the Iustice of peace upon complaint to him made may remove this force And upon view thereof may record it and may commit such offendors to prison and may fine them but cannot award restitution By words 36. Also there may be a forceible deteining of possession by word only without any forceible Act. Cromp. 70. P.R. 39. 37. As if A. hath wrongfully though peaceably entred into the house or upon the land of B. and hath put out B. and shall presently threaten or say to B. that if he doe come thither againe to enter he will kill him This seemeth a forceible Entrie by A. and if B. shall afterwards come againe to make his Entrie and then A. shall threaten to kill him if he entreth there this is a forceible deteiner in A. 38. And it seemeth that to threaten to maime beate or to doe other bodily hurt to B. in the case aforesaid amounteth to a forceible Entrie or deteiner for that death may ensue upon such beating or hurt See 39. H. 6. 50. 7. E. 4. 21. 39. H. 6. 50. 39. But to threaten to burne the house or to spoile his goods therein if B. shall come thither to enter againe this seemeth not to amount to any such matter Br. Dures 9. 12. 16. for that B. may afterwards have his action for the burning of his house or spoyling of his goods and shall thereby recover damages to the value thereof c. 40. Also when B. shall come to make his Entrie as aforesaid Cromp. 70. if A. shall say to him that he will not open the doore this is no forceible deteiner 41. So it is if A. be in possession of a house Cromp. 73. or hath a lease thereof at the will of B. and after B. entreth into the house and commandeth A. to goe out and to leave him the possession and A. will not goe out this is no force for refusing or denying only to goe out is no force unlesse there be withall some forceible Act or threatning speeches ubi factum nullum ibi fortia nulla where there is no fact there is no force Co. 4. 43. 42. A morgageth his house to B. upon condition that if A. shall pay to B. such a day 40. Dalton pa. 181. l. then the said morgage and feoffment to be voide and by agreement of them both A. the morgager continueth the possession untill the day of redemption at which day A. payeth not the 40. l. and after B. commeth to reenter and A. keepeth the possession by force this is a deteiner by force in A. by the opinion of Master Richard Godfrey in a case betweene Willowes and Thurger which opinion I conceive to be good Law for the possession of the morgager after the morgage by agreement was in Law the possession of the morgagee 43. Cromp. 69. The disseisor maketh a gift in Taile to B. who keepeth the land with force at the time when the disseisee maketh his claime which claime is made within the view so neare as he dareth Litt. 429. for feare of death battery or other bodily hurt if B. after such claime shall continue the possess with force he may be thereof indicted for this amounteth to a new Entrie and a deteiner with force by B. 44. And note that wheresoever mine Entrie is lawfull Dalton pag. 181. if the possess be deteined or holden from me by force I may pray the aide of the Iustices of peace to remove such force as it seemeth 45. Rent Cromp. 70. P.R. 63. Dalton pa. 181. If a man hath a Rent or common of pasture out of another mans land and comming to distraine for his rent or to use his common he is so forceibly resisted by the Tenant of the land that he cannot or dareth not either distraine for his rent or take the benefit of his common This is a holding with force in the Tenant and punishable by these statutes 46. Cromp. 69. So it is if the Tenant of the land shall forestall the way with force and Armes or shall threaten him that hath the rent or Common so that he dareth not to come to distraine for his rent nor to take his Common 47. So it is if a man shall distraine for his rent Ibid. Dalton 181. 182. and the Tenant of the land shall make rescous with force and Armes 48. And in these cases of a rent or common the Iustice of peace upon complaint to him made may remove such force and upon view of such force may record it and may therefore imprison and fine such offendors but cannot award restitution sc cannot restore the party to his rent or Common which are to be taken and used in another mans land for restitution is not to be made but only of the house or land as you may see hereafter in its proper place Who may commit a forceible Entrie c. CHAP. 31. 1. ONe person alone may commit or make a forceible Entrie or deteiner The persons if so be he doe it with offensive weapons or doe use turbulent behaviour to the terror or Affray of others Dalton 182. Cromp. 69. 2. An infant of the age of Eighteene yeares by his owne Act may commit a forceible Entrie or deteiner and so he may though he be under Eighteene Dalton 18â— yet it shall be good discretion in the Iustices of P. to forbeare the imprisonment of such Infants See Br. Impris 43. 45. 75. 101. 3. But if an infant commandeth another to enter or hold with force to his use Dalton ibid. which is done accordingly yet the Infant shall not be punished for such offence for his commandement therein was voide Cromp. 69. 16. Ass 7. Br. Impris 45. 53. See more after in the title riot 4. Also a feme Covert by her owne Act may commit a forceible entry or deteiner and upon the Iustices view of the force she shall be imprisoned and it seemeth also she may bee fined in such case But such fine set upon the wife shall not be