wrong_n recover_v his_o damage_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o lib._n assize_n plac_n 6._o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v by_o jury_n before_o commissioner_n that_o certain_a person_n by_o 3._o 19_o ed._n 3._o name_n have_v turn_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n which_o be_v there_o term_v the_o king_n stream_n and_o run_v from_o ware_n to_o waltham_n and_o so_o to_o london_n and_o have_v fix_v and_o pitch_a pile_n and_o stake_n therein_o by_o mean_n whereof_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n it_o be_v award_v that_o those_o person_n which_o be_v present_v by_o name_n and_o which_o have_v do_v part_n of_o the_o nusans_a shall_v reform_v the_o same_o and_o because_o some_o of_o the_o party_n name_n can_v not_o be_v discover_v which_o have_v do_v other_o part_n of_o the_o say_v nusans_a it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v command_v by_o writ_n to_o he_o to_o be_v direct_v to_o reform_v that_o part_n of_o the_o nusans_a take_v therein_o to_o his_o assistance_n those_o person_n who_o have_v ground_n next_o adjoin_v and_o quod_fw-la defendentes_fw-la sint_fw-la in_o miserecordia_fw-la dom_n '_o regit_fw-la because_o the_o nusan_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v do_v by_o force_n in_o 19_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 23._o in_o the_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o a_o nusan_o do_v the_o judgement_n in_o part_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v &_o cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o upon_o these_o three_o case_n i_o observe_v 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o that_o be_v the_o action_n private_a or_o popular_a always_o one_o part_n of_o judgement_n be_v that_o the_o nusan_o shall_v be_v remove_v at_o the_o cost_n and_o charge_n of_o he_o or_o they_o which_o do_v it_o therefore_o these_o case_n do_v full_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v and_o although_o in_o all_o the_o say_a case_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a course_n take_v to_o remove_v the_o nuisance_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o course_n allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n and_o that_o be_v by_o abate_v of_o the_o nusans_a in_o pull_v or_o cut_v the_o same_o down_o and_o the_o law_n be_v express_v so_o in_o the_o point_n in_o 9_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 35._o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o nusan_o do_v to_o i._n s._n he_o or_o some_o 4._o 9_o ed._n 4._o other_o by_o his_o direction_n may_v overthrow_v the_o nusans_a but_o if_o it_o be_v do_v ad_fw-la nocumentum_fw-la populi_fw-la as_o in_o the_o high_a or_o royal_a stream_n than_o any_o person_n prejudice_v thereby_o may_v abate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v a_o stream_n navigable_a but_o it_o have_v be_v object_v to_o i_o by_o way_n of_o interogation_n can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n make_v a_o unnavigable_a river_n or_o stream_n to_o become_v or_o to_o be_v make_v navigable_a by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n yea_o or_o no_o touch_v which_o i_o shall_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n as_o follow_v if_o this_o can_v have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n then_o what_o shall_v it_o have_v need_v to_o have_v procure_v act_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o do_v thereof_o as_o 9_o h._n 6._o cap._n 9_o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o lee_n navigable_a and_o 6_o h._n 8._o cap._n 17._o a_o statute_n to_o make_v the_o river_n at_o canterbury_n navigable_a and_o and_o in_o 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 4._o to_o make_v the_o river_n of_o exit_fw-la near_o exeter_n navigable_a and_o 27_o eliz._n cap._n 20._o to_o make_v a_o river_n navigable_a at_o plymouth_n and_o in_o 3_o jac._n 10._o cap._n for_o make_v thames_n navigable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o oxford_n berks_n wilts_n and_o gloucester_n these_o in_o truth_n be_v good_a argument_n but_o not_o convince_a proof_n for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o stream_n can_v be_v make_v navigable_a unless_o there_o be_v certain_a mill_n wear_v stank_n or_o kiddel_n remove_v which_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n and_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o direct_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v not_o power_n to_o raze_v or_o impair_v these_o by_o the_o remove_n thereof_o to_o make_v the_o stream_n navigable_a but_o in_o these_o case_n a_o new_a private_a act_n of_o parliament_n must_v be_v obtain_v for_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n many_o of_o the_o say_v private_a statute_n be_v obtain_v but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o inheritable_a encumbrance_n stand_v in_o the_o way_n but_o that_o by_o the_o cleanse_n or_o deep_a cast_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v navigable_a then_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v word_n in_o our_o statute_n will_v bear_v this_o exposition_n videlicet_fw-la and_o to_o cleanse_v and_o purge_v the_o trench_n stream_n sewer_n gutter_n and_o ditch_n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o herewithal_o i_o intend_v to_o close_v up_o this_o day_n exercise_v with_o this_o short_a conclusion_n that_o be_v that_o e._n be_v not_o sufficient_a freeman_n nor_o be_v resciant_fw-la nor_o have_v good_n of_o value_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n that_o notwithstanding_o b._n and_o c._n and_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v competent_a commissioner_n and_o they_o join_v with_o three_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la have_v power_n to_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n of_o sewer_n and_o because_o this_o be_v be_v new_o erect_v therefore_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v to_o raze_v it_o and_o to_o pull_v it_o down_o be_v a_o good_a law_n and_o warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la quartae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la quinta_fw-la lectura_fw-la generou_n auditor_n my_o fellow_n and_o friend_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a and_o renown_a inn_n of_o court_n i_o have_v sail_v so_o far_o within_o the_o land_n that_o my_o ship_n have_v take_v up_o her_o harbour_n in_o the_o inland_a stream_n and_o i_o myself_o be_o get_v up_o to_o the_o high_a mountain_n to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v take_v the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o all_o my_o former_a day_n labour_n and_o this_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o my_o read_n i_o must_v now_o make_v my_o account_n to_o you_o of_o my_o stewardship_n the_o talon_n which_o be_v deliver_v i_o when_o i_o enter_v upon_o my_o first_o day_n exercise_v be_v this_o worthy_a statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o i_o have_v put_v forth_o to_o the_o best_a use_n i_o can_v in_o my_o poor_a skill_n and_o understanding_n but_o in_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o my_o account_n it_o may_v be_v it_o will_v come_v short_a of_o your_o exctation_n if_o it_o do_v i_o pray_v you_o help_v to_o increase_v it_o out_o of_o your_o abundant_a store_n and_o consider_v with_o yourselves_o that_o your_o reader_n take_v in_o hand_n to_o read_v upon_o a_o maiden-law_n which_o never_o before_o this_o time_n abide_v his_o exposition_n in_o any_o inn_n of_o court_n and_o our_o law_n book_n be_v exceed_v scarce_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n &_o nature_n and_o so_o i_o want_v those_o mean_n and_o help_n which_o many_o other_o reader_n have_v have_v who_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v their_o reading_n of_o statute_n former_o read_v on_o and_o which_o have_v receive_v a_o more_o plentiful_a exposition_n in_o our_o book_n and_o term_n of_o the_o law_n then_o this_o of_o i_o have_v do_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o this_o house_n for_o the_o reader_n in_o his_o last_o day_n exercise_v to_o make_v a_o brief_a repetition_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o index_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a head_n of_o his_o statute_n and_o of_o his_o division_n and_o because_o every_o profession_n be_v most_o grace_v when_o it_o be_v follow_v and_o tread_v out_o in_o the_o step_n of_o learned_a predecessor_n i_o intend_v therefore_o to_o be_v no_o changeling_n nor_o mean_v i_o to_o produce_v or_o bring_v up_o new_a usage_n least_o old_a custom_n shall_v forget_v what_o herself_o have_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n therefore_o do_v i_o make_v my_o repetition_n first_o i_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n i_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o the_o dominion_n and_o empire_n of_o these_o sea_n the_o legal_a power_n of_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o property_n profit_n and_o possession_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o these_o profit_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n real_a and_o personal_a the_o real_a profit_n be_v the_o ground_n relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v always_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
and_o a_o villain_n for_o year_n and_o a_o captive_n take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o he_o a_o ransom_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o register_n fol._n 102._o money_n due_a upon_o statute_n judgement_n recognizance_n bond_n bill_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o statute_n for_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o must_v be_v clear_a and_o not_o doubtful_a or_o accidental_a as_o money_n out_o of_o hand_n be_v which_o be_v like_a to_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o bush_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o valueable_a and_o be_v value_v in_o inventory_n take_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n but_o yet_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v for_o asset_n for_o they_o till_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o and_o in_o 25_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 5._o obligation_n be_v not_o hold_v valueable_a but_o thing_n in_o action_n and_o if_o one_o 8._o 25_o h._n 8._o have_v get_v good_n by_o tort_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o this_o be_v clear_a valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o word_n clear_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o statute_n yet_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o value_n and_o not_o to_o the_o title_n of_o those_o good_n and_o if_o one_o have_v good_n as_o executor_n or_o administrator_n these_o be_v not_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n neither_o do_v the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n enable_v the_o parson_n vicar_n or_o curate_n nor_o the_o good_n of_o a_o corporation_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o major_a and_o alderman_n or_o citizen_n of_o a_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a for_o these_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o their_o particular_a person_n neither_o do_v this_o stock_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n make_v they_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o property_n therein_o but_o only_o the_o use_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o and_o although_o in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n these_o good_n which_o shall_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v in_o it_o will_v suffice_v if_o the_o party_n have_v they_o in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o this_o very_a law_n call_v they_o movable_a substance_n and_o herein_o i_o end_v my_o free_a citizen_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n e._n have_v neither_o freedom_n in_o his_o person_n nor_o real_a estate_n in_o land_n nor_o movable_a substance_n in_o any_o sort_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n yet_o if_o a_o freeman_n be_v destitute_a of_o good_n or_o want_v perfection_n in_o his_o freedom_n if_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la than_o he_o shall_v be_v allow_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n touch_v which_o point_n of_o land_n i_o now_o intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v hereditament_n within_o this_o law_n for_o the_o other_o two_o word_n land_n and_o tenement_n need_v no_o exposition_n wherein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o message_n cortage_n toâ—â—s_n crofts_n house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n feeding_n moor_n marsh_n heath_n fur_n mill_n orchard_n garden_n hopyard_n rent_n of_o annuity_n prima_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la pischaries_n tithe_n pension_n portion_n proxy_n park_n warrens_n be_v all_o of_o they_o hereditament_n within_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n hereditament_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o large_a size_n and_o large_a extent_n in_o our_o law_n be_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditari_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o yet_o every_o hereditament_n be_v not_o within_o this_o branch_n for_o it_o have_v two_o other_o word_n join_v therewithal_o videlicet_fw-la yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n as_o waif_n stray_n felon_n good_n deodan_n fines_n amerciament_n profit_v of_o court_n fair_n market_n ferries_n hundred_o leet_n and_o such_o like_a be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n in_o this_o point_n because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o a_o certain_a yearly_a value_n but_o be_v accidental_a and_o depend_v in_o contingency_n by_o the_o opinion_n in_o butler_n and_o baker_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n but_o as_o it_o be_v there_o say_v if_o these_o thing_n have_v heretofore_o be_v usual_o let_v and_o demise_v for_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n than_o they_o may_v be_v hereditament_n of_o clear_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n all_o office_n and_o vocation_n as_o physician_n chirurgeon_n or_o trade_n as_o merchant_n mercer_n grocer_n draper_n and_o such_o like_a be_v neither_o hereditary_a nor_o of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n though_o perhaps_o one_o gain_n thereby_o five_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la also_o dry_a reversion_n or_o remainder_n depend_v upon_o estate_n for_o life_n be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v have_v which_o be_v in_o praesenti_fw-la and_o not_o futuro_fw-la neither_o be_v a_o advowson_n of_o force_n in_o this_o point_n though_o it_o be_v asset_n in_o a_o formdon_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o asset_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n bring_v against_o executor_n homage_n fealty_n escuage_n heriot_n relief_n nomine_fw-la paene_n and_o such_o like_a be_v hereditament_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o yearly_a value_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o law_n also_o if_o a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n or_o annuity_n payable_a every_o second_o year_n it_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v because_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a which_o be_v intend_v yearly_o and_o every_o year_n as_o the_o prior_n of_o plymptons_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 133._o be_v but_o if_o one_o do_v grant_n to_o i._o s._n a_o annuity_n or_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n in_o fee_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n yearly_a if_o the_o grantee_n will_v then_o come_v for_o it_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o grant_v to_o b._n forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o his_o life_n only_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o b._n be_v no_o sufficient_a qualify_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o if_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o fee_n and_o he_o grant_v the_o same_o to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n differentia_fw-la apparet_fw-la our_o statute_n go_v on_o in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commissioner_n which_o will_v sit_v without_o exception_n must_v have_v in_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n to_o his_o own_o use_n therefore_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n to_o that_o value_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n although_o he_o take_v the_o rent_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o own_o use_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o he_o must_v have_v they_o in_o ejus_fw-la usu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la usum_fw-la a_o feoffee_n to_o a_o use_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o our_o statute_n for_o he_o have_v the_o land_n then_o to_o another_o man_n use_n neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n sufficient_o qualify_v to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n two_o tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n of_o forty_o pound_n land_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v neither_o of_o they_o of_o sufficient_a ability_n to_o be_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o two_o joyntenant_n of_o land_n of_o that_o yearly_a value_n for_o though_o they_o be_v seize_v per_fw-mi my_o and_z per_n tout_fw-fr yet_o in_o truth_n and_o in_o a_o legal_a construction_n either_o of_o they_o be_v seize_v but_o of_o a_o moiety_n so_o that_o if_o two_o joyntenant_n tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o threescore_o pound_n either_o of_o they_o may_v sit_v by_o this_o commission_n a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n major_a and_o commonalty_n master_n of_o a_o college_n and_o fellow_n which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o respect_n thereof_o to_o sit_v if_o a_o bishop_n dean_n chancellor_n archdeacon_n prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o jure_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n i_o suppose_v these_o may_v
consequence_n and_o it_o do_v also_o confirm_v the_o say_v two_o former_a statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o do_v thereto_o also_o make_v addition_n in_o these_o ensue_a point_n first_o that_o justice_n shall_v be_v assign_v to_o survey_v and_o keep_v the_o water_n and_o great_a river_n and_o to_o correct_v and_o amend_v the_o default_n as_o well_o by_o survey_n advice_n and_o and_o discretion_n as_o by_o inquest_n second_o to_o survey_v the_o wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n and_o kiddel_n in_o old_a time_n make_v and_o levy_v before_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n the_o first_o and_o they_o which_o they_o shall_v find_v too_o much_o enhance_v or_o straighten_a to_o correct_v pull_v down_o and_o amend_v save_v always_o a_o reasonable_a substance_n of_o wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n and_o kiddel_n so_o in_o old_a time_n make_v and_o levy_v three_o and_o if_o any_o such_o annoyance_n of_o wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n and_o kiddel_n of_o passage_n and_o straighten_n in_o old_a time_n make_v and_o levy_v be_v adjudge_v and_o award_v by_o the_o say_a justice_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o &_o amend_v he_o that_o have_v the_o freehold_a of_o the_o same_o shall_v make_v thereof_o execution_n at_o his_o own_o cost_n within_o half_a a_o year_n after_o notification_n thereof_o make_v upon_o pain_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o he_o which_o shall_v relevy_v or_o enhance_v or_o straiten_v they_o against_o the_o say_a judgement_n shall_v forfeit_v one_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o exchequer_n four_o and_o he_o which_o shall_v find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o execution_n or_o otherwise_o in_o this_o behalf_n against_o right_n and_o reason_n he_o may_v pursue_v and_o have_v right_a first_o by_o this_o statute_n i_o collect_v these_o matter_n first_o if_o that_o a_o be_v mill_n stanke_z stake_n or_o kiddel_n be_v new_o or_o of_o late_a year_n build_v and_o erect_v in_o any_o stream_n without_o warrant_n or_o lawful_a authority_n the_o same_o may_v be_v cause_v to_o be_v pull_v down_o by_o order_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o party_n which_o erect_v the_o same_o second_o if_o wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n or_o kiddel_n have_v stand_v and_o be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n in_o river_n or_o stream_n and_o so_o have_v warrant_n from_o custom_n and_o prescription_n these_o may_v not_o be_v cut_v up_o or_o pull_v down_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o long_a use_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v a_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v establish_v they_o three_o if_o there_o have_v be_v wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n or_o kiddel_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n in_o river_n or_o stream_n which_o of_o late_a year_n have_v be_v enhance_v enlarge_a or_o otherwise_o exceed_v the_o ancient_a size_n and_o accustom_a compass_n the_o excess_n in_o those_o case_n be_v only_o to_o be_v abate_v and_o pull_v down_o but_o so_o far_o as_o the_o ancient_a size_n do_v extend_v to_o be_v not_o to_o be_v impeach_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v that_o there_o be_v reserve_v always_o the_o reasonable_a substance_n thereof_o in_o old_a time_n accustom_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o magna_fw-la chart._n cap._n 23._o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o succeed_a statute_n if_o the_o exposition_n shall_v have_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o letter_n be_v and_o these_o three_o distinction_n do_v full_o declare_v the_o true_a effect_n of_o the_o say_v precede_v statute_n then_o next_o in_o order_n of_o time_n be_v the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 4._o 4._o 4_o h._n 4._o cap._n 11._o which_o recite_v that_o by_o wear_v stake_n and_o kiddel_n in_o the_o water_n of_o thames_n and_o in_o other_o great_a river_n through_o the_o realm_n the_o common_a passage_n of_o ship_n and_o boat_n be_v disturb_v and_o much_o people_n perish_v and_o also_o the_o young_a fry_n of_o fish_n destroy_v and_o against_o reason_n waste_v and_o give_v to_o swine_n to_o eat_v therefore_o this_o statute_n enact_v that_o all_o former_a statute_n thereof_o make_v be_v hold_v keep_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n here_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o none_o of_o the_o former_a statute_n take_v order_n for_o the_o one_o be_v the_o perish_v of_o the_o king_n people_n the_o other_o the_o destroy_n of_o the_o fry_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o wear_v mill_n etc._n etc._n yet_o these_o be_v business_n which_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v for_o and_o be_v not_o pertinent_a to_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o without_o any_o other_o further_a explanation_n thereof_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o h._n 4._o cap._n 7._o do_v confirm_v all_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n make_v against_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n 4._o 12_o h._n 4._o and_o do_v further_a enact_v that_o if_o contrary_a to_o the_o award_n rule_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o it_o be_v find_v that_o any_o wear_v fishgarth_n mill_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n stake_n kiddel_n heck_n or_o floodgate_n be_v make_v levy_v enhanced_a straighten_a or_o enlarge_v against_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o offender_n therein_o contrary_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a award_n rule_n and_o judgement_n be_v warn_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o under_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n upon_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la to_o that_o purpose_n direct_v where_o those_o annoyance_n be_v and_o within_o three_o month_n after_o such_o garnishment_n do_v not_o whole_o amend_v break_v down_o and_o avoid_v the_o say_v make_v levy_v and_o inhaunce_v straighten_a or_o enlarge_n that_o the_o party_n be_v defective_a in_o that_o behalf_n shall_v forfeit_v one_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v levy_v by_o estreat_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o if_o the_o offender_n his_o heir_n assignee_n or_o assign_v or_o any_o of_o they_o do_v defer_v or_o continue_v the_o same_o default_n contrary_a to_o the_o award_n rule_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v forfeit_v one_o hundred_o mark_n the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o and_o also_o it_o be_v further_o enact_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n other_o than_o such_o against_o who_o such_o award_n rule_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v or_o any_o of_o they_o do_v presume_v to_o occupy_v or_o continue_v any_o of_o the_o wear_v fishgarth_n and_o impediment_n aforesaid_a or_o other_o encumbrance_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v for_o every_o default_n for_o every_o month_n one_o hundred_o mark_n the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o half_o to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o milldam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n which_o the_o other_o statute_n never_o speak_v of_o so_o in_o extent_n thereof_o it_o have_v more_o enlargement_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n all_o the_o foresay_a statute_n do_v extend_v only_o to_o navigable_a stream_n and_o river_n with_o ship_n and_o bo_n in_o the_o ten_o report_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n the_o case_n of_o chester_n mill_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dee_n be_v as_o ensue_v that_o a_o causey_n or_o milstank_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o river_n of_o dee_n in_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n be_v make_v and_o erect_v for_o the_o necessary_a maintenance_n of_o certain_a mill_n some_o of_o the_o king_n other_o of_o the_o subject_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o causey_n be_v of_o late_a by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n order_v that_o a_o breach_n therein_o of_o ten_o rood_n or_o perche_n shall_v be_v make_v which_o causey_n or_o milstank_n be_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o all_o party_n erect_v before_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o first_o and_o so_o have_v continuance_n without_o any_o inhaunce_n or_o exaltation_n and_o whether_o this_o decree_n be_v warrant_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a statute_n or_o not_o be_v the_o question_n which_o be_v refer_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o counsel_n to_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n fleming_n and_o cook_n and_o to_o tanfield_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n to_o be_v consider_v on_o and_o the_o say_v chief_a justice_n and_o chief_a baron_n declare_v their_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_a decree_n be_v not_o warrant_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a statute_n for_o they_o say_v that_o the_o two_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o &_o 45_o ed._n 3._o extend_v but_o to_o such_o impediment_n as_o be_v set_v up_o and_o erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 1._o and_o after_o and_o that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o mag._n char._n cap._n 23._o be_v restrain_v by_o these_o two_o statute_n
i_o take_v it_o these_o few_o distinction_n do_v full_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v those_o matter_n the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o read_v on_o touch_v and_o concern_v let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o in_o effect_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v authority_n to_o edmond_n lord_n sheffield_n sir_n philip_n tyrwhit_n sir_n nicholas_n sanderson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n richard_n aurcots_n sir_n john_n thorold_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n charles_n bowl_n sir_n ralph_n maddison_n sir_n william_n hansord_n sir_n francis_n south_n knight_n thomas_z tyrwhit_o john_n bolles_n and_o nicholas_n hammerton_n esquire_n whereof_o the_o say_a baronet_n and_o baronet_n be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v the_o wall_n stream_n ditch_n bank_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n trench_n mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n pond_n lock_n hebbingwere_n and_o other_o impediment_n let_n and_o annoyance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v make_v correct_v repair_v amend_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o their_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o therein_o to_o ordain_v and_o do_v after_o the_o form_n tenor_n and_o effect_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o first_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o 23_o year_n of_o h_n 8._o touch_v the_o premise_n or_o any_o of_o they_o as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v and_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n and_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v near_o about_o the_o say_a wall_n etc._n etc._n and_o impediment_n aforesaid_a and_o all_o those_o person_n to_o tax_v assess_v and_o distrain_v in_o a_o former_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o commission_n give_v power_n to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n stream_n in_o which_o clause_n these_o as_o necessary_a defence_n be_v order_v to_o be_v repair_v then_o come_v another_o clause_n wherein_o these_o thing_n be_v recite_v as_o let_n and_o impediment_n videlicet_fw-la stream_n mill_n bridges_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o clause_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o not_o destroy_v and_o the_o second_o sort_n shall_v have_v be_v destroy_v and_o not_o repair_v and_o if_o these_o two_o first_o clause_n have_v be_v alone_o than_o the_o commissioner_n have_v be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v the_o one_o and_o destroy_v the_o other_o without_o any_o toleration_n but_o then_o come_v in_o the_o say_v three_o clause_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n of_o moderation_n and_o therein_o as_o well_o the_o defence_n as_o the_o let_v and_o impediment_n come_v all_o in_o one_o clause_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o and_o so_o the_o word_n amend_v correct_v repair_n and_o put_v down_o be_v therein_o refer_v to_o they_o all_o so_o as_o in_o my_o opinion_n all_o defence_n as_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n calceys_n goat_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v because_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n some_o may_v prove_v unnecessary_a and_o unuseful_a which_o for_o that_o cause_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o so_o all_o mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n wear_v stank_n stake_n kiddel_n and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v down_o and_o overthrow_v but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o be_v thereby_o grow_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a inheritance_n of_o man_n and_o such_o also_o which_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a be_v to_o be_v maintain_v keep_v and_o repair_v for_o in_o some_o great_a havens_n and_o port_n great_a abundance_n of_o pile_n and_o timberpost_n be_v set_v in_o the_o water_n to_o stay_v the_o rage_n force_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a exposition_n of_o this_o law_n to_o urge_v the_o commissioner_n to_o overthrow_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v helpful_a and_o not_o hurful_a for_o this_o statute_n do_v foresee_v that_o these_o mildam_n stake_n stank_n floodgate_n wear_v etc._n etc._n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n hurtful_a and_o therefore_o be_v the_o say_a clause_n of_o the_o statute_n insert_v which_o give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n to_o put_v down_o such_o as_o be_v let_n and_o annoyance_n in_o truth_n and_o where_o they_o be_v use_v for_o strength_n and_o be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o this_o construction_n i_o take_v it_o be_v full_o maintain_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jacobi_n cap._n 20._o where_o peres_n piles_n jetty_n and_o the_o like_a set_v for_o fortification_n 20._o 7_o jac._n reg._n cap_n 20._o and_o strength_n be_v express_o order_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o upon_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n i_o do_v collect_v these_o ensue_a matter_n first_o that_o if_o one_o do_v erect_v and_o build_v a_o be_v mill_n mildam_n or_o other_o thing_n on_o a_o river_n navigable_a to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o navigation_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v which_o be_v enhance_v of_o late_a year_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v he_o that_o do_v erect_v the_o one_o and_o he_o which_o do_v enhance_v the_o other_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o first_o and_o to_o abate_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o cost_v and_o charge_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o if_o he_o or_o his_o assign_v or_o heir_n shall_v contrary_v to_o the_o decree_n order_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n after_o the_o same_o have_v be_v reform_v relevy_v the_o same_o again_o or_o do_v continue_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o order_n the_o punishment_n of_o one_o hundred_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o offender_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o and_o 12_o h._n 4._o former_o appear_v and_o if_o one_o which_o be_v a_o stranger_n of_o his_o mere_a malice_n or_o own_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o 12_o h._n 4._o wrong_n do_v pitch_v down_o pile_n or_o set_v down_o stake_n in_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v or_o amerce_v for_o this_o offence_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v order_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v find_v out_o who_o do_v the_o nusans_a than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v those_o to_o remove_v that_o annoyance_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v to_o sustain_v most_o damage_n thereby_o et_fw-la ita_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o and_o assiz_n 42_o lib._n assiz_n this_o statute_n extend_v to_o river_n and_o stream_n navigable_a as_o well_o as_o to_o such_o as_o be_v not_o navigable_a and_o touch_v the_o remove_n of_o nuisance_n i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n some_o precedent_n rule_v and_o adjudge_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n which_o come_v full_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o thing_n i_o now_o treat_v of_o in_o 32_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 8._o a_o assize_n of_o nusan_o be_v bring_v by_o a._n against_o b._n for_o that_o b._n have_v make_v a_o trench_n over_o a_o river_n 3._o 32_o ed._n 3._o and_o draw_v away_o thereby_o part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o stream_n another_o way_n than_o that_o which_o it_o do_v former_o use_v to_o run_v and_o thereby_o surround_v the_o ground_n of_o a._n and_o the_o assize_n pass_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n &_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v remove_v into_o the_o ancient_a current_n &_o channel_n at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n recover_v his_o damage_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la capiatur_fw-la out_o of_o which_o case_n i_o observe_v these_o thing_n first_o though_o a_o assize_n be_v a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o nusan_o be_v tamburlaine_n querenti_fw-la quam_fw-la populo_fw-la to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o drown_v and_o surround_v of_o his_o ground_n to_o the_o people_n in_o change_v or_o divert_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o for_o the_o people_n the_o offendor_n be_v order_v to_o reform_v the_o nusans_a to_o the_o king_n he_o be_v fine_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o his_o own_o private_a