justice_n la._n the_o judgement_n for_o felony_n be_v ph._n heresy_n be_v before_o felony_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n la._n he_o have_v omit_v the_o judgement_n against_o a_o heretic_n because_o i_o think_v no_o jury_n confine_v heresy_n nor_o no_o judge_n temporal_a do_v ever_o pronounce_v judgement_n upon_o it_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 7._o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v convict_v any_o man_n of_o heresy_n shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v believe_v the_o bishop_n the_o sheriff_n therefore_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 4._o after_o he_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o burn_v he_o but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o burn_v he_o without_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n burn_v legate_n 9_o king_n james_n by_o that_o writ_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n at_o that_o time_n and_o in_o that_o writ_n the_o judgement_n be_v express_v ph._n this_o be_v strange_a reason_n when_o sir_n edw._n coke_n know_v and_o confess_v that_o the_o statute_n upon_o which_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la be_v ground_v be_v all_o repeal_v how_o can_v he_o think_v the_o writ_n itself_o can_v be_v in_o force_n or_o that_o the_o statute_n which_o repeal_v the_o statute_n for_o burn_a heretic_n be_v not_o make_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o forbid_v such_o burn_n it_o be_v manifest_a he_o understand_v not_o his_o book_n of_o common-law_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 4._o and_o hen._n 5._o the_o word_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o sheriff_n warrant_n and_o there_o be_v need_n of_o no_o such_o writ_n nor_o can_v he_o till_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o when_o those_o statute_n be_v repeal_v and_o a_o writ_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o put_v into_o the_o register_n which_o write_v fitzherbert_n cite_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la again_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v publish_v a_o correct_a register_n of_o original_a and_o judicial_a writ_n and_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr haeretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la leave_v out_o because_o that_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o and_o all_o statute_n against_o heretic_n be_v repeal_v and_o burn_v forbid_v and_o whereas_o he_o cit_v for_o the_o grant_n of_o this_o writ_n 9_o jac._n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n it_o be_v as_o to_o all_o but_o the_o lord_n chief_a against_o the_o law_n for_o neither_o the_o judge_n of_o common-plea_n nor_o of_o the_o exchequer_n can_v hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o special_a commission_n and_o if_o they_o can_v hold_v plea_n they_o can_v condemn_v la._n the_o punishment_n for_o felony_n be_v that_o the_o felon_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o he_o cite_v a_o sentence_n from_o whence_o i_o know_v not_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la felonem_fw-la pro_fw-la felonia_n decollare_fw-la ph._n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o lawful_a for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o his_o own_o head_n to_o do_v it_o or_o to_o do_v otherwise_o than_o be_v command_v in_o the_o judgement_n nor_o for_o the_o judge_n to_o give_v any_o other_o judgement_n than_o according_a to_o statute-law_n or_o the_o usage_n consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n but_o this_o hinder_v not_o the_o king_n from_o alter_v his_o law_n concern_v judgement_n if_o he_o see_v good_a cause_n la._n the_o king_n may_v do_v so_o if_o he_o please_v and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n tell_v you_o how_o he_o alter_v particular_a judgement_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o show_v that_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o a_o lord_n in_o parliament_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v he_o be_v nevertheless_o behead_v and_o that_o another_o lord_n have_v the_o like_a judgement_n for_o another_o felony_n and_o be_v not_o hang_v but_o behead_v and_o withal_o he_o show_v you_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o such_o proceed_n because_o say_v he_o if_o hang_a may_v be_v alter_v to_o behead_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v alter_v to_o burn_a ston_a to_o death_n etc._n etc._n ph._n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v inconveniency_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o see_v or_o he_o show_v nor_o do_v there_o happen_v any_o inconveniency_n from_o the_o execution_n he_o cit_v beside_o he_o grant_v that_o death_n be_v ultimum_fw-la supplicium_fw-la be_v a_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o law_n but_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n when_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o consider_v such_o inconvenience_n of_o government_n but_o to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n or_o who_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o depute_a judge_n can_v derive_v a_o power_n to_o censure_v the_o action_n of_o a_o king_n that_o have_v depute_v he_o la._n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n there_o be_v he_o say_v no_o express_a judgement_n nor_o for_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o one_o own_o defence_n but_o he_o say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v in_o both_o case_n give_v judgement_n that_o he_o that_o so_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n ph._n if_o we_o consider_v what_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 1_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n these_o judgement_n be_v very_o favourable_a for_o there_o he_o say_v that_o kill_v of_o a_o man_n by_o chance-medley_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la be_v felony_n his_o word_n be_v wherefore_o by_o the_o law_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o word_n felony_n in_o commission_n etc._n etc._n be_v include_v petit_n treason_n murder_n homicide_n burn_v of_o house_n burglary_n robbery_n rape_n etc._n etc._n chance-medley_n and_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o if_o we_o consider_v only_o the_o intent_n of_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o same_o judgement_n will_v be_v think_v both_o cruel_a and_o sinful_a judgement_n and_o how_o they_o can_v be_v felony_n at_o this_o day_n can_v be_v understand_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n to_o make_v they_o so_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 3._o cap._n 25._o the_o word_n whereof_o murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v judge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n only_o but_o it_o shall_v take_v place_n in_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v by_o felony_n and_o not_o otherwise_o make_v it_o manifest_a if_o they_o be_v felony_n they_o must_v also_o be_v murder_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v make_v felony_n by_o some_o latter_a statute_n la._n there_o be_v no_o such_o latter_a statute_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o say_v in_o commission_n nor_o can_v a_o commission_n or_o any_o thing_n but_o another_o statute_n make_v a_o thing_n felony_n that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o ph._n see_v what_o it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o distinguish_v felony_n into_o several_a sort_n before_o he_o understand_v the_o general_a name_n of_o felony_n what_o it_o mean_v but_o that_o a_o man_n for_o kill_v another_o man_n by_o misfortune_n only_o without_o any_o evil_a purpose_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chartel_n debt_n and_o duty_n be_v a_o very_a hard_a judgement_n unless_o perhaps_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o man_n slay_v by_o way_n of_o amends_o for_o damage_n but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o that_o be_v it_o the_o common-law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o justify_v this_o judgement_n or_o the_o statute-law_n it_o can_v be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n if_o the_o case_n be_v mere_a misfortune_n if_o a_o man_n be_v upon_o his_o appletree_n to_o gather_v his_o apple_n and_o by_o ill_a fortune_n fall_v down_o and_o light_v on_o the_o head_n of_o another_o man_n kill_v he_o and_o by_o good_a fortune_n save_v himself_o shall_v he_o for_o this_o mischance_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o good_n to_o the_o king_n do_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n warrant_v this_o he_o shall_v you_o will_v say_n have_v look_v to_o his_o foot_n that_o be_v true_a but_o so_o shall_v he_o that_o be_v under_o have_v look_v up_o to_o the_o tree_n therefore_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n of_o reason_n as_o i_o think_v dictate_v that_o they_o ought_v each_o of_o they_o to_o bear_v his_o own_o misfortune_n la._n in_o this_o case_n i_o agree_v with_o you_o ph._n but_o this_o case_n be_v the_o true_a case_n of_o mere_a misfortune_n and_o a_o sufficient_a reprehension_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n la._n but_o what_o if_o this_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v do_v by_o one_o that_o have_v be_v steal_v apple_n upon_o the_o tree_n
shall_v have_v be_v commend_v you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v make_v crime_n and_o no_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o diversity_n of_o law_n make_v upon_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n or_o of_o interest_n by_o they_o which_o have_v authority_n and_o yet_o those_o thing_n whether_o good_a or_o evil_a will_v pass_v so_o with_o the_o vulgar_a if_o they_o hear_v they_o often_o with_o odious_a term_n recite_v for_o heinous_a crime_n in_o themselves_o as_o many_o of_o those_o opinion_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o pious_a and_o lawful_a be_v heretofore_o by_o the_o pope_n interest_n therein_o call_v detestable_a heresy_n again_o some_o controversy_n be_v of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n other_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n there_o need_v by_o many_o court_n to_o the_o decide_n of_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o controversy_n what_o order_n be_v there_o take_v for_o their_o distribution_n la._n there_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a great_a number_n of_o court_n in_o england_n first_o there_o be_v the_o king_n court_n both_o for_o law_n and_o equity_n in_o matter_n temporal_a which_o be_v the_o chancery_n the_o kings-bench_n the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o for_o the_o king_n revenue_n the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o be_v subject_n court_n by_o privilege_n as_o the_o court_n in_o london_n and_o other_o privilege_a place_n and_o there_o be_v other_o court_n of_o subject_n as_o the_o court_n of_o landlord_n call_v the_o court_n of_o baron_n and_o the_o court_n of_o sheriff_n also_o the_o spiritual_a court_n be_v the_o king_n court_n at_o this_o day_n though_o heretofore_o they_o be_v the_o pope_n court_n and_o in_o the_o king_n court_n some_o have_v their_o judicature_n by_o office_n and_o some_o by_o commission_n and_o some_o authority_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v and_o some_o only_a to_o inquire_v and_o to_o certify_v into_o other_o court_n now_o for_o the_o distribution_n of_o what_o plea_n every_o court_n may_v hold_v it_o be_v common_o hold_v that_o all_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o all_o offence_n contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o by_o commissioner_n for_o bracton_n say_v sciendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la actiones_fw-la sunt_fw-la criminals_n in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la debent_fw-la determinari_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la ibi_fw-la poena_fw-la câ—rporalis_fw-la infligenda_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la coram_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la si_fw-la tangat_fw-la personam_fw-la svam_fw-la sicut_fw-la crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la vel_fw-la coram_fw-la justitiariis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la specialiter_fw-la assignatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o if_o the_o plea_n be_v criminal_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n because_o there_o they_o have_v power_n to_o inflict_v corporeal_a punishment_n and_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v against_o his_o person_n as_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v determine_v before_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o if_o it_o be_v against_o a_o private_a person_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o justice_n assign_v that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o commissioner_n it_o seem_v by_o this_o that_o heretofore_o king_n do_v hear_v and_o determine_v plea_n of_o treason_n against_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o person_n but_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o a_o long_a time_n and_o be_v now_o for_o it_o be_v now_o the_o office_n of_o the_o lord_n steward_n of_o england_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o peer_n to_o hold_v that_o plea_n by_o a_o commission_n especial_o for_o the_o same_o in_o cause_n concern_v meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la the_o king_n may_v sue_v either_o in_o the_o kings-bench_n or_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o fitzherbert_n in_o his_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la at_o the_o writ_n of_o escheat_n ph._n a_o king_n perhaps_o will_v not_o sit_v to_o determine_v of_o cause_n of_o treason_n against_o his_o person_n lest_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o make_v himself_o judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v judge_v by_o judge_n of_o his_o own_o make_n can_v never_o be_v avoid_v which_o be_v also_o one_o as_o if_o he_o be_v judge_n himself_o la._n to_o the_o kings-bench_n also_o i_o think_v belong_v the_o hear_v and_o determine_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n whatsoever_o save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o may_v do_v the_o same_o when_o he_o please_v by_o commissioner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o and_o edward_n the_o one_a when_o bracton_n write_v the_o king_n do_v usual_o send_v down_o every_o seven_o year_n into_o the_o country_n commissioner_n call_v justice_n itinerant_a to_o hear_v and_o determine_v general_o all_o cause_n temporal_a both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a who_o place_n have_v be_v now_o a_o long_a time_n supply_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o commission_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o of_o goal-delivery_n ph._n but_o why_o may_v the_o king_n only_o sue_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n or_o court_n of_o common-plea_n which_o he_o will_v and_o no_o other_o person_n may_v do_v the_o same_o la._n there_o be_v no_o statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o common-law_n for_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 4_o inst._n set_v down_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n which_o he_o say_v have_v first_o jurisdiction_n in_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n second_o the_o correct_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o error_n of_o other_o justice_n and_o judge_n both_o of_o judgement_n and_o process_n except_o of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n which_o he_o say_v be_v to_o this_o court_n proprium_fw-la quarto_fw-la modo_fw-la three_o that_o it_o have_v power_n to_o correct_v all_o misdemeanour_n extrajudicial_a tend_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n or_o oppression_n of_o the_o subject_n or_o raise_v of_o faction_n controversy_n debate_n or_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o misgovernment_n four_o it_o may_v hold_v plea_n by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o all_o trespass_n do_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la five_o it_o have_v power_n to_o hold_v plea_n by_o bill_n for_o debt_n detinu_n covenant_n promise_v and_o all_o other_o personal_a action_n but_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n in_o action_n real_a he_o say_v nothing_o save_v that_o if_o a_o writ_n in_o a_o real_a action_n be_v abate_v by_o judgement_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o that_o the_o judgement_n be_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n reverse_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n than_o the_o kings-bench_n may_v proceed_v upon_o the_o writ_n ph._n but_o how_o be_v the_o practice_n la._n real_a action_n be_v common_o decide_v as_o well_o in_o the_o kings-bench_n as_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n ph._n when_o the_o kng_v by_o authority_n in_o write_v make_v a_o lord-chief-justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n do_v he_o not_o set_v down_o what_o he_o make_v he_o for_o la._n sir_n edw_n coke_n set_v down_o the_o letter_n patent_n whereby_o of_o ancient_a time_n the_o lord_n chief-justice_n be_v constitute_v wherein_o be_v express_v to_o what_o end_n he_o have_v his_o office_n viz._n pro_n conservatione_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o tranquilitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la universis_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la exhibendam_fw-la constituimus_fw-la dilectum_fw-la &_o fidelem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la p._n b._n justitiarium_fw-la angliae_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la nobis_fw-la placuerit_fw-la capitalem_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o do_v of_o justice_n to_o all_o and_o singular_a our_o subject_n we_o have_v constitute_v our_o belove_a and_o faithful_a p._n b._n during_o our_o pleasure_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n ph._n methinks_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a by_o these_o letter_n patent_n that_o all_o cause_n temporal_a within_o the_o kingdom_n except_o the_o plea_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o exchequer_n shall_v be_v decidable_a by_o this_o lord-chief-justice_n for_o as_o for_o cause_n criminal_a and_o that_o concern_v the_o peace_n it_o be_v grant_v he_o in_o these_o word_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o ourselves_o and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o be_v contain_v all_o plea_n criminal_a and_o in_o the_o do_n of_o justice_n to_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o king_n subject_n be_v comprehend_v all_o plea_n civil_a and_o as_o to_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n it_o be_v manifest_v it_o may_v hold_v all_o manner_n of_o civil-plea_n except_o those_o of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 11._o so_o that_o all_o original_a writ_n concern_v civil-plea_n be_v returnable_a into_o either_o of_o the_o say_a court_n but_o how_o be_v the_o lord-chief-justice_n make_v now_o la._n by_o these_o
which_o have_v either_o be_v not_o preserve_v in_o the_o record_n or_o else_o by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n because_o they_o be_v against_o his_o opinion_n not_o allege_v for_o this_o be_v possible_a though_o you_o will_v not_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v very_o likely_a therefore_o i_o insist_v only_o upon_o this_o that_o no_o record_n of_o a_o judgement_n be_v a_o law_n save_v only_o to_o the_o party_n plead_v until_o he_o can_v by_o law_n reverse_v the_o former_a judgement_n and_o as_o to_o the_o proceed_n without_o jury_n by_o two_o sufficient_a witness_n i_o do_v not_o see_v what_o harm_n can_v proceed_v from_o it_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o consequent_o any_o just_a quarrel_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-law_n can_v have_v against_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o fact_n in_o both_o court_n lie_v mere_o on_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o more_o but_o that_o in_o the_o imperial-law_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n judge_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o jury_n do_v in_o a_o court_n of_o common-law_n beside_o if_o a_o court_n of_o common-law_n shall_v chance_v to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n may_v not_o he_o send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n to_o forbid_v their_o proceed_n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o the_o one_o more_o than_o for_o the_o other_o la._n i_o know_v none_o but_o long_a custom_n for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v never_o do_v ph._n the_o high_a ordinary_a court_n in_o england_n be_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n wherein_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o otherwise_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n this_o court_n be_v very_a ancient_n as_o appear_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 4_o inst._n p._n 87._o where_o he_o name_v the_o chancellor_n of_o king_n edgar_n king_n etheldred_n king_n edmund_n and_o king_n edward_z the_o confessor_n his_o office_n be_v give_v to_o he_o without_o letter_n patent_n by_o the_o king_n delivery_n to_o he_o of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o whosoever_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o and_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n ever_o have_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 18._o wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o such_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v the_o common-law_n and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v he_o have_v his_o name_n of_o chancellor_n from_o the_o high_a point_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n viz._n a_o cancellando_fw-la that_o be_v from_o cancel_v the_o king_n letter_n patent_n by_o draw_v stroke_n through_o it_o like_o a_o lattice_n ph._n very_o pretty_a it_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v that_o cancellarius_n be_v a_o great_a officer_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n whereof_o this_o island_n be_v once_o a_o member_n and_o that_o the_o office_n come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n either_o with_o 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partition_n to_o be_v make_v in_o a_o room_n convenient_a in_o which_o partition-wall_n at_o the_o height_n of_o a_o man_n reach_n he_o place_v at_o convenient_a distance_n certain_a bar_n so_o that_o when_o a_o suitor_n come_v to_o deliver_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o clerk_n who_o be_v sometime_o absent_a he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o throw_v in_o his_o petition_n between_o those_o bar_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v proper_o cancelli_fw-la not_o that_o any_o certain_a form_n of_o those_o bar_n or_o any_o bar_n at_o all_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o may_v have_v be_v throw_v over_o though_o the_o whole_a space_n have_v be_v leave_v open_a but_o because_o they_o be_v cancelli_fw-la the_o clerk_n attendant_z and_o keep_v his_o office_n there_o be_v call_v cancellarius_n and_o any_o court_n bar_n may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v cancelli_fw-la which_o do_v not_o signify_v a_o lattice_n for_o that_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a conjecture_n ground_v upon_o no_o history_n nor_o grammar_n but_o take_v up_o at_o first_o as_o be_v likely_a by_o some_o boy_n that_o can_v find_v no_o other_o word_n in_o the_o dictionary_n for_o a_o lattice_n but_o cancelli_fw-la the_o office_n of_o this_o chancellor_n be_v at_o first_o but_o to_o breviate_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o complaint_n increase_a daily_o they_o be_v too_o many_o consider_v other_o business_n more_o necessary_a for_o the_o emperor_n to_o determine_v and_o this_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o commit_v the_o determination_n of_o they_o to_o the_o chancellor_n again_o what_o reason_n do_v sir_n edw._n coke_n allege_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a point_n of_o the_o chancellor_n jurisdiction_n be_v to_o cancel_v his_o master_n letter_n patent_n after_o they_o be_v seal_v with_o his_o master_n seal_n unless_o he_o hold_v plea_n concern_v the_o validity_n of_o they_o or_o of_o his_o master_n meaning_n in_o they_o or_o of_o the_o surreptitious_a get_n of_o they_o or_o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o they_o which_o be_v all_o cause_n of_o equity_n also_o see_v the_o chancellor_n have_v his_o office_n only_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n without_o any_o instruction_n or_o limitation_n of_o the_o process_n in_o his_o court_n to_o be_v use_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o all_o cause_n whereof_o he_o have_v the_o hear_n he_o may_v proceed_v by_o such_o manner_n of_o hear_v and_o examine_v of_o witness_n with_o jury_n or_o without_o jury_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o exactness_n expedition_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o decree_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o think_v the_o custom_n of_o proceed_v by_o jury_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n in_o court_n of_o common-law_n tend_v more_o to_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o world_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v he_o ought_v to_o use_v that_o method_n or_o if_o he_o think_v better_o of_o another_o proceed_n he_o may_v use_v it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o a_o statute_n la._n as_o for_o this_o reason_v of_o you_o i_o think_v it_o well_o enough_o but_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v also_o a_o reverend_a respect_n to_o custom_n not_o unreasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v not_o amiss_o that_o in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o chancellor_n will_v proceed_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n he_o ought_v to_o deliver_v the_o record_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o also_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o take_v care_n of_o not_o exceed_v as_o it_o be_v limit_v by_o statute_n ph._n what_o be_v the_o statute_n by_o which_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v limit_v i_o know_v that_o by_o the_o 27_o eliz._n cap._n 8._o he_o can_v reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n for_o debt_n detinue_n etc._n etc._n nor_o before_o the_o statute_n can_v he_o ever_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o office_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n give_v by_o the_o kings-bench_n that_o have_v the_o cognizance_n of_o such_o plea_n nor_o need_v he_o for_o the_o judge_n themselves_o when_o they_o think_v there_o be_v need_n to_o relieve_v a_o man_n oppress_v by_o ill_a witness_n or_o power_n of_o great_a man_n prevail_v on_o the_o jury_n or_o by_o error_n of_o the_o jury_n though_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n may_v stay_v the_o execution_n and_o inform_v the_o king_n who_o will_v in_o equity_n relieve_v he_o as_o to_o the_o regard_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v to_o custom_n we_o will_v consider_v of_o it_o afterward_o la._n first_o in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o neither_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o other_o chancellor_n do_v make_v any_o order_n against_o the_o common-law_n
of_o another_o man_n then_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p_o 56._o it_o have_v be_v murder_n ph._n there_o be_v indeed_o great_a need_n of_o good_a distinction_n in_o a_o case_n of_o kill_v by_o misfortune_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o unlawfulness_n of_o steal_v apple_n can_v make_v it_o murder_n unless_o the_o fall_n itself_o be_v unlawful_a it_o must_v be_v a_o voluntary_a unlawful_a act_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n or_o else_o it_o be_v no_o murder_n by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n now_o the_o death_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v under_o the_o tree_n proceed_v not_o from_o that_o that_o the_o apple_n be_v not_o his_o that_o fell_a but_o from_o the_o fall_n but_o if_o a_o man_n shoot_v with_o a_o bow_n or_o a_o gun_n at_o another_o man_n deer_n and_o by_o misfortune_n kill_v a_o man_n such_o shoot_a be_v both_o voluntary_a and_o unlawful_a and_o also_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o man_n death_n may_v be_v draw_v perhaps_o well_o enough_o sometime_o to_o murder_n by_o a_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n so_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n shoot_v a_o arrow_n over_o a_o house_n and_o by_o chance_n kill_v a_o man_n in_o the_o street_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v murder_n for_o though_o he_o mean_v no_o malice_n to_o the_o man_n slay_v yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o care_v not_o who_o he_o slay_v in_o this_o difficulty_n of_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n dictate_v who_o be_v it_o that_o must_v decide_v the_o question_n la._n in_o the_o case_n of_o misfortune_n i_o think_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o jury_n for_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n only_o but_o when_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o the_o action_n from_o which_o the_o misfortune_n come_v be_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n ph._n but_o if_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o action_n as_o the_o steal_n of_o the_o apple_n do_v not_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o the_o man_n than_o the_o steal_n be_v it_o trespass_n or_o felony_n aught_o to_o be_v punish_v alone_o as_o the_o law_n require_v la._n but_o for_o kill_v of_o a_o man_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o jury_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n here_o say_v shall_v not_o in_o their_o verdict_n say_v it_o be_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o shall_v declare_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o fact_n in_o special_a and_o clear_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o consider_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v whether_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la manslaughter_n or_o murder_n ph._n one_o will_v think_v so_o for_o it_o be_v not_o often_o within_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o jury_n to_o distinguish_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o different_a and_o hard_a name_n which_o be_v give_v by_o lawyer_n to_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o murder_n and_o felony_n which_o neither_o the_o law_n nor_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n have_v yet_o define_v the_o witness_n say_v that_o thus_o and_o thus_o the_o person_n do_v but_o not_o that_o it_o be_v murder_n or_o felony_n no_o more_o can_v the_o jury_n say_v who_o ought_v to_o say_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o hear_v from_o the_o witness_n or_o from_o the_o prisoner_n nor_o ought_v the_o judge_n to_o ground_v his_o sentence_n upon_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o special_a matter_n find_v which_o according_a as_o it_o be_v contrary_a or_o not_o contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n aught_o to_o be_v pronounce_v la._n but_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o when_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v misfortune_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o judgement_n at_o all_o to_o be_v give_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v of_o course_n save_v that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n ph._n but_o i_o understand_v not_o how_o there_o can_v be_v a_o crime_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o judgement_n nor_o how_o any_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v without_o a_o precedent_a judgement_n nor_o upon_o what_o ground_n the_o sheriff_n can_v seize_v the_o good_n of_o any_o man_n till_o it_o be_v judge_v that_o they_o be_v forfeit_v i_o know_v that_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o hang_v the_o judgement_n of_o forfeiture_n be_v employ_v which_o i_o understand_v not_o though_o i_o understand_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o his_o office_n may_v seize_v the_o good_n of_o a_o felon_n convict_v much_o less_o do_v i_o conceive_v how_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n can_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o no-judgment_n nor_o do_v i_o conceive_v that_o when_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v the_o special_a manner_n of_o the_o fact_n to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v real_o no_o other_o than_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la and_o consequent_o no_o fault_n at_o all_o why_o he_o shall_v have_v any_o punishment_n at_o all_o can_v you_o show_v i_o any_o reason_n for_o it_o la._n the_o reason_n lie_v in_o the_o custom_n ph._n you_o know_v that_o unreasonable_a custom_n be_v not_o law_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v abolish_v and_o what_o custom_n be_v there_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v punish_v without_o a_o fault_n la._n then_o see_v the_o statute_n of_o 24_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 5._o ph._n i_o find_v here_o that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o question_n among_o the_o lawyer_n in_o case_n one_o man_n shall_v kill_v another_o that_o attempt_v felonious_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o in_o or_o near_o any_o common_a highway_n court-way_n horse-way_n or_o footway_n or_o in_o his_o mansion_n message_n or_o dwelling-place_n whether_o for_o the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o man_n one_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o a_o man_n shall_v do_v for_o kill_v another_o by_o chance-medley_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n this_o be_v the_o preamble_n and_o pen_v as_o well_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n can_v have_v wish_v but_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o determine_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n for_o kill_v a_o man_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o for_o kill_v he_o by_o misfortune_n but_o suppose_v it_o only_o upon_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n that_o then_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v or_o appeal_v for_o the_o death_n of_o such_o person_n so_o attempt_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o same_o by_o verdict_n be_v so_o find_v and_o try_v he_o shall_v not_o forfeit_v any_o thing_n but_o shall_v be_v discharge_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v find_v not_o guilty_a you_o see_v the_o statute_n now_o consider_v thereby_o in_o the_o case_n of_o kill_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la first_a if_o a_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o man_n slay_v do_v either_o attempt_n to_o rob_v or_o to_o kill_v or_o to_o wound_v he_o for_o else_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n if_o then_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o street_n or_o near_o the_o street_n as_o in_o a_o tavern_n he_o forfeit_v nothing_o because_o the_o street_n be_v a_o highway_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o common-way_n in_o what_o place_n therefore_o can_v a_o man_n kill_v another_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n will_v discharge_v he_o of_o the_o forfeiture_n la._n but_o the_o statute_n say_v the_o attempt_n must_v be_v felonious_a ph._n when_o a_o man_n assault_v i_o with_o a_o knife_n sword_n club_n or_o other_o mortal_a weapon_n do_v any_o law_n forbid_v i_o to_o defend_v myself_o or_o command_v i_o to_o stay_v so_o long_o as_o to_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v a_o felonious_a intent_n or_o no_o therefore_o by_o this_o statute_n in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n be_v discharge_v if_o it_o be_v find_v otherwise_o it_o be_v capital_a if_o we_o read_v the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n cap._n 9_o i_o think_v it_o will_v take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n for_o by_o that_o statute_n in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o country_n that_o he_o do_v it_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n or_o by_o misfortune_n then_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n shall_v take_v he_o to_o his_o grace_n if_o it_o please_v he_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v first_o that_o it_o be_v then_o think_v law_n that_o the_o jury_n may_v give_v the_o general_a verdict_n of_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la which_o sir_n edw._n coke_n deny_v second_o that_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o report_v especial_a matter_n to_o the_o king_n three_o that_o the_o king_n may_v take_v he_o to_o his_o grace_n if_o he_o please_v and_o consequent_o that_o his_o good_n be_v not_o to_o be_v seize_v till_o the_o