Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
judgement_n	action_n	bring_v	good_a	2,141	5	4.2188	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53343	July 18, 1671 on a tryal before the Lord Chief Justice Hales, between Nathaniel and John Letten, plaintiffs, and Leonar Moresco, widow defendant ...		1671 (1671)	Wing O292; ESTC R41441	17,801	29

may_v possible_o in_o some_o case_n as_o in_o destruction_n by_o fire_n or_o shipwreck_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o sufficient_o evidence_v and_o if_o so_o then_o it_o will_v be_v unnecessary_a to_o require_v security_n against_o that_o which_o be_v certain_o know_v not_o to_o be_v iii_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o sometime_o accidental_o whereof_o there_o be_v experience_n that_o the_o accept_v bill_n have_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o person_n that_o accept_v it_o or_o by_o his_o servant_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o give_v security_n three_o they_o say_v if_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v admit_v that_o on_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o accept_v bill_n the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n shall_v be_v remediless_a without_o first_o give_v security_n many_o inconvenience_n may_v ensue_v i._o it_o be_v probable_a some_o person_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v security_n and_o yet_o of_o such_o person_n there_o will_v be_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o require_v it_o but_o that_o a_o poor_a man_n in_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v lose_v his_o money_n and_o another_o enjoy_v it_o without_o any_o right_n will_v be_v very_o unjust_a ii_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n remit_v by_o exchange_n be_v for_o the_o account_n of_o person_n reside_v beyond_o sea_n and_o what_o factor_n will_v be_v willing_a to_o become_v security_n and_o procure_v another_o also_o to_o be_v security_n with_o he_o who_o he_o must_v indemnify_v when_o as_o he_o must_v depart_v with_o the_o money_n present_o but_o his_o bond_n lie_v out_o against_o he_o forever_o so_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o foreigner_n will_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n and_o hereby_o the_o trade_n may_v be_v discourage_v and_o lessen_v iii_o may_v not_o a_o person_n out_o of_o design_n to_o gain_v time_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o money_n pretend_v he_o have_v accept_v a_o bill_n when_o he_o never_o do_v and_o so_o if_o both_o bill_n can_v be_v produce_v remain_v with_o the_o money_n it_o have_v be_v several_a time_n know_v that_o when_o money_n have_v be_v demand_v on_o a_o bill_n not_o accept_v answer_n have_v be_v make_v on_o the_o protest_v by_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v that_o he_o have_v accept_v the_o other_o bill_n when_o as_o in_o some_o time_n after_o both_o bill_n have_v be_v produce_v and_o neither_o of_o they_o accept_v now_o if_o the_o other_o bill_n have_v miscarry_v the_o falsity_n can_v not_o have_v be_v detect_v iv._o the_o accepter_n on_o this_o pretext_n to_o gain_v time_n and_o keep_v the_o money_n may_v be_v over_o curious_a and_o dislike_v the_o security_n tender_v and_o if_o it_o be_v answer_v to_o this_o that_o then_o the_o party_n may_v bring_v his_o action_n and_o the_o court_n will_v judge_v of_o the_o security_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v 1._o that_o this_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o beget_v suit_n instead_o of_o prevent_v they_o 2._o that_o it_o may_v deter_v man_n from_o offer_v themselves_o as_o security_n lest_o they_o shall_v thereby_o come_v to_o have_v their_o credit_n question_v in_o a_o public_a court_n and_o so_o render_v it_o more_o difficult_a to_o obtain_v security_n 3._o it_o will_v be_v a_o double_a charge_n if_o the_o security_n be_v not_o approve_v or_o allow_v of_o four_o they_o say_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o require_v security_n be_v to_o indemnify_v the_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o bill_n that_o he_o be_v not_o charge_v twice_o for_o the_o same_o parcel_n but_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o he_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o the_o right_a party_n this_o they_o conceive_v be_v do_v by_o a_o trial_n at_o law_n and_o a_o judgement_n thereupon_o because_o on_o trial_n the_o court_n will_v examine_v all_o circumstance_n and_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n must_v prove_v his_o right_n and_o propriety_n obj._n suppose_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o a._n b._n or_o his_o order_n and_o that_o a._n b._n have_v endorsed_n the_o accept_v bill_n to_o l._n m._n and_o the_o other_o bill_n not_o accept_v to_o j._n k._n and_o take_v a_o value_n of_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v not_o l._n m._n have_v the_o accept_v bill_n recover_v payment_n of_o g._n h._n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a payment_n to_o j._n k._n on_o the_o other_o bill_n unaccept_v or_o any_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n that_o oblige_v g._n h._n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v to_o the_o payment_n and_o that_o endorsement_n of_o bill_n among_o merchant_n do_v transfer_v property_n answ_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bill_n to_o j._n k._n in_o case_n the_o say_a bill_n be_v due_o endorse_v by_o a._n b._n to_o he_o and_o pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o due_a term_n limit_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v a_o good_a payment_n of_o that_o parcel_n and_o a_o due_a discharge_n to_o the_o accepter_n of_o his_o acceptance_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v accept_v as_o a_o good_a plea_n in_o bar_n to_o any_o action_n bring_v by_o l._n m._n on_o the_o accept_v bill_n against_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n or_o e._n f._n the_o drawer_n if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n that_o have_v determine_v the_o endorsement_n to_o be_v due_o make_v and_o so_o there_o will_v need_v no_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v but_o the_o payment_n for_o the_o clear_n this_o matter_n upon_o which_o the_o main_a difficulty_n depend_v it_o must_v be_v consider_v first_o that_o though_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o bill_n give_v viz._n first_o second_o and_o three_o yet_o they_o be_v all_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o one_o parcel_n and_o the_o give_v of_o several_a bill_n be_v intend_v to_o supply_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o post_n or_o other_o accident_n and_o therefore_o to_o part_n not_o far_o remote_a as_o to_o france_n holland_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v usual_o give_v but_o two_o bill_n first_o and_o second_o and_o to_o part_n more_o remote_a as_o to_o venice_n italy_n &c_n &c_n there_o be_v give_v three_o bill_n first_o second_o and_o three_o second_o that_o the_o tenor_n of_o every_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v conditional_a to_o pay_v the_o one_o the_o other_z not_o be_v pay_v this_o condition_n be_v always_o express_v in_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o first_o however_o it_o be_v always_o employ_v for_o a_o first_o denote_v there_o be_v a_o second_o and_o among_o merchant_n it_o be_v always_o so_o understand_v and_o therefore_o when_o they_o give_v but_o one_o bill_n it_o be_v usual_o express_v pay_v this_o my_o sole_n or_o my_o only_a bill_n three_o that_o the_o acceptance_n of_o one_o bill_n do_v oblige_v the_o accepter_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o parcel_n and_o be_v not_o nor_o aught_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o particular_a bill_n underwrite_v or_o to_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v endorsed_n but_o be_v understand_v general_o of_o the_o parcel_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o such_o person_n as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fall_a due_a of_o the_o bill_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o demand_v and_o receive_v the_o same_o that_o the_o acceptance_n be_v not_o restrain_v to_o the_o bill_n underwritten_a but_o be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o parcel_n which_o take_v in_o all_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v suppose_v no_o merchant_n acquaint_v with_o the_o trade_n and_o course_n of_o exchange_n will_v deny_v yet_o if_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o accepter_n be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o the_o bill_n underwritten_a and_o not_o to_o the_o parcel_n general_o and_o that_o upon_o the_o acceptance_n of_o one_o bill_n the_o other_o be_v render_v invalid_a and_o become_v only_a scroll_n they_o be_v desire_v to_o consider_v i._o whether_o this_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o very_a design_n and_o end_n of_o give_v two_o bill_n which_o be_v to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n may_v happen_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o ii_o whether_o this_o will_v not_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n cut_v off_o the_o trade_n and_o accommodation_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n bill_n be_v send_v for_o acceptance_n and_o then_o transmit_v to_o other_o place_n to_o negotiate_v but_o who_o will_v dare_v to_o adventure_v a_o accept_v bill_n if_o the_o miscarriage_n thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o money_n that_o the_o acceptance_n can_v be_v

july_n 18._o 1671._o on_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hales_n between_o nathaniel_n and_o john_n let_v plaintiff_n and_o leonar_n moresco_n widow_n defendant_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o case_n a_o accept_v bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v lose_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o accepter_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o upon_o hear_v by_o consent_n of_o counsel_n on_o both_o side_n a_o verdict_n be_v agree_v on_o in_o these_o word_n we_o find_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v that_o if_o the_o first_o bill_n which_o be_v accept_v be_v lose_v after_o acceptance_n and_o before_o payment_n thereof_o the_o merchant_n who_o accept_v such_o bill_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o second_o bill_n to_o the_o party_n by_o the_o bill_n appoint_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v by_o endorsement_n appoint_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n shall_v give_v unto_o the_o party_n so_o accept_n sufficient_a security_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a for_o such_o payment_n and_o not_o otherwise_o with_o this_o case_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n proper_a to_o intermeddle_v nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o any_o person_n without_o knowledge_n of_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n attend_v it_o to_o give_v any_o judgement_n therein_o but_o because_o the_o right_n state_v and_o determine_v the_o general_a question_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n therein_o may_v be_v of_o universal_a concern_v and_o because_o on_o this_o occasion_n various_a discourse_n have_v be_v among_o merchant_n themselves_o who_o seem_v of_o different_a judgement_n and_o apprehension_n thereabouts_o it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o propose_v the_o same_o to_o the_o serious_a and_o mature_a consideration_n of_o merchant_n and_o to_o desire_v their_o judgement_n thereupon_o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o rule_n in_o future_a and_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o settlement_n of_o other_o matter_n of_o like_a nature_n now_o controvert_v among_o merchant_n in_o order_n to_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o say_a question_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v first_o that_o general_o and_o universal_o all_o merchant_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o though_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v yet_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v due_a ought_v not_o to_o lose_v the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o accepter_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n so_o as_o he_o may_v be_v secure_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o but_o once_o second_o that_o concern_v the_o way_n and_o manner_n whereby_o the_o accepter_n may_v be_v secure_v the_o merchant_n do_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o i._o some_o affirm_v that_o the_o party_n require_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n in_o a_o penal_a sum_n to_o the_o accepter_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a against_o he_o accept_v bill_n and_o that_o unless_o such_o security_n be_v give_v to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o accepter_n the_o accepter_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n ii_o other_o affirm_v that_o though_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o oftentimes_o practise_v by_o merchant_n in_o such_o case_n to_o give_v security_n one_o to_o another_o to_o avoid_v trouble_n yet_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o custom_n to_o necessitate_v a_o merchant_n so_o to_o do_v or_o to_o debar_v he_o of_o his_o right_n for_o default_n thereof_o but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o merchant_n claim_v the_o money_n may_v bring_v his_o action_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o that_o if_o on_o trial_n he_o prove_v the_o acceptance_n of_o the_o first_o bill_n and_o his_o right_n and_o propriety_n to_o the_o money_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v judgement_n against_o the_o accepter_n for_o the_o principal_a sum_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cost_n of_o suit_n unless_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v by_o the_o accepter_n himself_o and_o the_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n be_v a_o security_n to_o the_o accepter_n against_o the_o accept_v bill_n iii_o other_o affirm_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n after_o the_o usual_a time_n limit_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n to_o a_o person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v due_o endorse_v and_o his_o receipt_n and_o discharge_v thereon_o be_v of_o itself_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n a_o sufficient_a discharge_n of_o and_o security_n against_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n the_o reason_n and_o ground_n for_o each_o of_o these_o several_a opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o substance_n as_o follow_v those_o which_o assert_v the_o first_o opinion_n allege_v first_o that_o they_o have_v often_o know_v it_o practise_v in_o case_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o first_o accept_v bill_n that_o security_n have_v be_v give_v to_o save_v the_o accepter_n harmless_a and_o that_o they_o never_o know_v it_o otherwise_o second_o that_o the_o acceptation_n be_v that_o only_a which_o oblige_v the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o that_o therefore_o he_o ought_v on_o payment_n to_o have_v up_o his_o obligation_n or_o else_o to_o be_v well_o secure_v against_o it_o three_o that_o if_o person_n be_v dishonest_a it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n may_v be_v endorse_v to_o one_o man_n and_o the_o second_o bill_n to_o another_o man_n in_o which_o case_n they_o do_v conceive_v he_o that_o have_v the_o accept_v bill_n be_v by_o preference_n entitle_v to_o the_o money_n so_o that_o if_o the_o accepter_n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o not_o have_v good_a security_n if_o afterward_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n shall_v be_v find_v endorse_v to_o another_o that_o person_n will_v recover_v payment_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_v accept_v bill_n and_o so_o the_o accepter_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o bill_n twice_o beside_o the_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n of_o suit_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v secure_v against_o these_o inconvenience_n before_o he_o part_v with_o his_o money_n those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o opinion_n first_o they_o propose_v some_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o general_a as_o i._o that_o every_o usage_n or_o common_a practice_n among_o merchant_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n so_o as_o always_o to_o oblige_v many_o thing_n pass_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n in_o a_o way_n of_o civility_n and_o friendship_n by_o way_n of_o accommodation_n which_o can_v therefore_o present_o be_v call_v a_o custom_n as_o for_o instance_n it_o be_v usual_a and_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o merchant_n upon_o the_o take_n up_o and_o deliver_v of_o money_n by_o exchange_n that_o the_o party_n who_o take_v up_o the_o money_n and_o draw_v his_o bill_n do_v give_v his_o first_o bill_n on_o the_o post-day_n and_o send_v for_o his_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n a_o day_n or_o two_o after_o yet_o no_o merchant_n will_v say_v that_o this_o use_n and_o common_a practice_n be_v a_o oblige_a custom_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o common_a civility_n and_o that_o the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n may_v by_o the_o true_a and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o merchant_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v any_o bill_n before_o he_o receive_v the_o money_n for_o the_o value_n therein_o express_v ii_o that_o no_o one_o two_o or_o more_o particular_a merchant_n affirm_v that_o they_o have_v know_v such_o a_o thing_n practise_v in_o in_o such_o a_o case_n and_o that_o they_o never_o know_v it_o otherwise_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o determine_v that_o practice_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o merchant_n so_o as_o to_o oblige_v all_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n thereunto_o for_o though_o it_o may_v be_v so_o practise_v between_o some_o which_o those_o particular_a man_n hear_v of_o yet_o the_o same_o case_n may_v be_v contest_v by_o other_o and_o adjudge_v after_o another_o manner_n which_o they_o may_v never_o hear_v of_o iii_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n do_v not_o separate_v between_o justice_n and_o equity_n i._n e._n in_o english_a between_o law_n and_o chancery_n but_o both_o be_v comprehend_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o determination_n of_o any_o matter_n among_o merchant_n touch_v bill_n of_o exchange_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n so_o positive_a but_o that_o differ_a circumstance_n