solid_a philosophy_n assert_v against_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o ideist_n or_o the_o method_n to_o science_n farther_o illustrate_v with_o reflection_n on_o mr._n locke_n essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n by_o j._n s._n london_n print_v for_o roger_n clavil_n at_o the_o peacock_n abel_n roper_n at_o the_o black_a boy_n both_o in_o fleetstreet_n and_o thomas_n metcalf_n over_o against_o earl_n court_n in_o drury-lane_n 1697._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a robert_n lord_n viscount_n dunbar_n my_o lord_n have_v i_o think_v that_o this_o piece_n i_o here_o dedicate_v to_o your_o lordship_n be_v not_o above_o your_o or_o any_o man_n patronage_n i_o have_v show_v less_o respect_n to_o you_o in_o make_v you_o so_o mean_a a_o present_a be_v you_o monarch_n of_o the_o universe_n truth_n which_o it_o defend_v can_v receive_v no_o protection_n from_o your_o grandeur_n her_o genius_n be_v so_o sublime_a and_o herself_o so_o nobly-born_a that_o like_o he_o from_o who_o she_o descend_v 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which_o what_o do_v we_o know_v 8._o i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a what_o prejudice_n i_o bring_v upon_o myself_o by_o addressing_z you_o in_o this_o confident_a manner_n at_o the_o very_a first_o dash_n of_o my_o pen_n and_o some_o well-meaning_a friend_n have_v advertise_v i_o that_o this_o carriage_n of_o i_o have_v be_v reflect_v on_o especial_o by_o some_o mere_a schoolman_n who_o though_o they_o in_o reality_n know_v nothing_o be_v more_o proud_a of_o their_o probability_n than_o the_o most_o scientifical_a man_n live_v be_v of_o his_o demonstration_n though_o their_o utmost_a performance_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o the_o ridiculous_a fortune-teller_n of_o old_a aut_fw-la erit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la divinare_fw-la etenim_fw-la magnus_fw-la mihi_fw-la donat_fw-la apollo_n whence_o i_o do_v full_o expect_v that_o the_o humour_n of_o our_o modern_a speculater_n will_v judge_v this_o assuredness_n of_o i_o to_o be_v a_o high_a presumption_n of_o my_o own_o performance_n nay_o some_o will_v think_v it_o a_o proud_a disregard_n of_o other_o even_o to_o talk_v of_o demonstration_n indeed_o i_o must_v own_o i_o have_v a_o high_a opinion_n of_o my_o principle_n and_o my_o method_n which_o nature_n and_o god_n good_a providence_n have_v lay_v and_o establish_v but_o as_o for_o my_o conclusion_n and_o deduction_n as_o i_o will_v not_o justify_v they_o all_o with_o the_o same_o firmness_n as_o i_o do_v the_o other_o so_o i_o must_v declare_v that_o do_v i_o not_o real_o judge_v they_o demonstrative_a when_o i_o call_v they_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v i_o ought_v to_o propose_v they_o as_o such_o nor_o at_o all_o to_o the_o learned_a the_o world_n have_v be_v sufficient_o pester_v already_o with_o book_n of_o philosophy_n nay_o volume_n blow_v up_o to_o a_o vast_a bulk_n with_o windy_a and_o frathy_n probability_n and_o petty_a inconclusive_a topic_n which_o like_o rank_a weed_n have_v overrun_v that_o rich_a soil_n where_o science_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v sow_v and_o i_o esteem_v it_o too_o poor_a and_o mean_a a_o vanity_n to_o plant_v briar-field_n to_o enlarge_v a_o wilderness_n if_o i_o overween_v in_o call_v my_o proof_n demonstration_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o take_v the_o shame_n to_o myself_o if_o it_o deserve_v shame_n though_o perhaps_o i_o have_v be_v more_o blame-worthy_a if_o real_o judge_v they_o demonstrative_a i_o have_v mince_v the_o truth_n and_o out_o of_o a_o affect_a modesty_n or_o a_o diffidence_n for_o which_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n i_o have_v diminish_v their_o force_n in_o the_o esteem_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o so_o hinder_v the_o profit_n which_o startle_v at_o the_o uncouth_a sound_n of_o demonstration_n they_o may_v otherwise_o have_v reap_v by_o look_v into_o they_o for_o demonstration_n be_v strange_a rarity_n in_o this_o sceptical_a age_n and_o when_o those_o who_o be_v to_o show_v they_o do_v proclaim_v to_o the_o world_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v curious_a people_n will_v run_v in_o flock_n to_o view_v the_o monster_n 9_o he_o that_o know_v what_o demonstration_n be_v and_o very_o judge_v his_o argument_n be_v such_o and_o yet_o out_o of_o niaiserie_n and_o shamefastness_n say_v at_o every_o turn_n i_o think_v or_o perhaps_o this_o be_v true_a or_o may_v be_v true_a shall_v if_o i_o may_v advise_v he_o wear_v a_o mask_n for_o he_o do_v as_o good_a as_o tell_v his_o reader_n gentleman_n i_o offer_v you_o a_o argument_n but_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a your_o acceptance_n a_o strange_a compliment_n from_o one_o philosopher_n to_o another_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o my_o natural_a humour_n and_o inclination_n but_o perfect_o out_o of_o deliberate_a design_n to_o win_v my_o reader_n to_o attentive_a examination_n and_o invite_v those_o who_o be_v dissatisfy_v to_o opposition_n which_o be_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o clear_a truth_n that_o i_o deliver_v myself_o with_o that_o bold_a assurance_n and_o i_o do_v real_o intend_v that_o sceptical_a man_n shall_v ask_v quid_fw-la profert_fw-la dignum_fw-la tanto_fw-la promissor_n hiatu_fw-la that_o set_v themselves_o thence_o to_o sift_v the_o nature_n of_o my_o method_n and_o the_o force_n of_o my_o argument_n more_o narrow_o they_o may_v better_o sink_v into_o their_o understanding_n as_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o will_v if_o ever_o they_o have_v peruse_v my_o method_n to_o science_n and_o by_o that_o or_o any_o other_o mean_n do_v solid_o know_v what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o true_a demonstration_n 10._o another_o reason_n why_o i_o put_v on_o this_o vizard_n of_o confidence_n so_o little_o suit_v with_o my_o natural_a complexion_n be_v this_o the_o want_n of_o true_a science_n and_o the_o despair_n of_o find_v any_o have_v bring_v such_o a_o lukewarm_a and_o indifferent_a humour_n into_o the_o world_n and_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v not_o too_o common_a that_o though_o all_o man_n affect_v to_o talk_v of_o truth_n and_o seem_v in_o ordinary_a discourse_n to_o value_n and_o magnify_v she_o yet_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n scarce_o one_o man_n dare_v hearty_o profess_v himself_o her_o champion_n and_o declare_v he_o will_v defend_v her_o cause_n with_o evident_a reason_n against_o all_o opposer_n for_o alas_o how_o few_o man_n be_v there_o who_o will_v profess_v to_o demonstrate_v in_o philosophy_n or_o to_o reduce_v their_o discourse_n to_o evidence_n without_o do_v which_o and_o abide_v by_o the_o trial_n perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o truth_n in_o all_o philosophy_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o learned_a romance_n in_o all_o the_o university_n of_o europe_n many_o man_n indeed_o do_v make_v a_o profession_n of_o knowledge_n because_o it_o be_v honourable_a and_o every_o scholar_n be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o or_o he_o will_v quite_o lose_v his_o credit_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o performance_n not_o one_o man_n in_o ten_o thousand_o show_n that_o zeal_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o truth_n as_o answer_n to_o
they_o joint_o and_o each_o of_o they_o several_o beside_o they_o put_v the_o cart_n before_o the_o horse_n while_o they_o pretend_v that_o the_o act_n as_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o make_v they_o onething_n for_o since_o the_o res_n be_v in_o priority_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n before_o modus_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o be_v before_o act_v and_o that_o nothing_o can_v act_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v it_o be_v evident_a from_o plain_a principle_n and_o even_o from_o the_o very_a term_n that_o they_o must_v first_o be_v one_o thing_n ever_o they_o can_v act_n as_o one_o thing_n or_o be_v such_o a_o compound_v before_o they_o can_v act_n as_o such_o a_o compound_v and_o so_o the_o point_n stick_v where_o it_o be_v viz._n how_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n come_v to_o be_v thus_o compound_v into_o one_o ens_fw-la of_o which_o i_o have_v give_v some_o account_n preliminary_n 4._o §_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 13._o 26._o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o can_v but_o reflect_v that_o the_o cartesian_o be_v very_o unadvised_a to_o meddle_v with_o such_o a_o point_n crepidam_fw-la as_o put_v they_o quite_o past_o their_o mathematics_n as_o likewise_o that_o though_o they_o have_v frame_v a_o logic_n or_o method_n suitable_a to_o explicate_v their_o mathematical_a philosophy_n yet_o they_o be_v but_o very_o bad_a distinguisher_n of_o our_o natural_a notion_n into_o common_a head_n which_o be_v one_o principal_a part_n of_o true_a logic_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o ramble_v so_o irregular_o from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o have_v be_v show_v elsewhere_o in_o their_o make_n extension_n or_o quantity_n which_o be_v a_o mode_n the_o form_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o their_o first_o matter_n and_o here_o in_o put_v composition_n according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o action_n to_o be_v composition_n according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens._n and_o whoever_o impartial_o examine_v the_o distribution_n of_o their_o notion_n into_o head_n will_v find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v such_o as_o reason_n natural_o force_v as_o we_o be_v but_o such_o as_o design_v voluntary_o and_o ingenious_o invent_v reflection_n on_o mr._n locke_n essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n reflection_n first_o on_o the_o first_o book_n 1._o this_o book_n give_v i_o little_a occasion_n to_o make_v any_o reflection_n but_o such_o as_o i_o acknowledge_v must_v be_v force_v to_o make_v through_o his_o whole_a essay_n which_o be_v on_o the_o penetrative_a and_o clear_a wit_n and_o happy_a expression_n of_o its_o author_n in_o his_o pursue_v the_o design_n which_o he_o have_v prefix_v to_o himself_o i_o can_v wish_v indeed_o that_o he_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o take_v his_o rise_n high_o or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o have_v lay_v his_o ground_n deep_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v that_o every_o author_n shall_v write_v according_a to_o those_o thought_n or_o principle_n with_o which_o the_o casual_a circumstance_n of_o his_o forepast_a life_n have_v imbue_v he_o or_o as_o his_o natural_a genius_n lead_v he_o his_o steer_v such_o a_o impartial_a mean_n between_o scepticism_n and_o dogmatize_v do_v certain_o argue_v a_o very_a even_o temper_v of_o judgement_n and_o a_o sincere_a love_n of_o truth_n and_o i_o shall_v hope_v that_o whoever_o peruse_v attentive_o my_o method_n b._n 1._o lesle_n 2._o from_o §_o 5._o to_o §_o 11._o will_v discern_v that_o i_o have_v so_o exact_o measure_v out_o the_o pitch_n of_o knowledge_n attainable_a by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n that_o i_o be_o as_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o overweening_a as_o i_o profess_v myself_o a_o declare_v enemy_n to_o scepticism_n 2._o i_o be_o a_o little_a apprehensive_a from_o some_o word_n in_o his_o introduction_n express_v his_o dislike_a that_o man_n metaphysic_n let_v loose_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o be_v and_o his_o conceit_n that_o this_o bring_v man_n to_o doubt_n and_o scepticism_n that_o he_o have_v take_v a_o prejudice_n against_o metaphysic_n who_o proper_a object_n be_v those_o notion_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o abstract_a from_o matter_n and_o motion_n and_o concern_v be_v only_o be_v i_o assure_v that_o i_o do_v not_o mistake_v he_o i_o will_v for_o his_o sake_n enlarge_v on_o that_o point_n and_o display_v full_o the_o excellency_n of_o that_o most_o solid_a most_o clear_a and_o most_o incomparable_a science_n which_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v upon_o at_o present_a by_o give_v my_o reader_n a_o summary_n of_o its_o principal_a object_n 3._o it_o treat_v of_o the_o formal_a or_o essential_a part_n of_o physical_a entity_n or_o body_n in_o common_a and_o in_o specie_fw-la of_o the_o essential_a of_o unity_n and_o distinction_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o it_o be_v take_v particular_o of_o the_o essential_a constituent_n of_o element_n mixt_n vegetable_n and_o animal_n and_o when_o and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v essential_o or_o individual_o change_v thence_o advance_v to_o the_o chief_a animal_n man_n he_o treat_v of_o his_o form_n the_o soul_n and_o of_o its_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o it_o the_o mind_n and_o of_o its_o progress_n towards_o its_o last_o end_n or_o its_o declension_n from_o it_o thus_o far_o demonstrate_v it_o proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n and_o to_o show_v evident_o its_o immateriality_n and_o consequent_o its_o immortality_n of_o the_o science_n of_o a_o soul_n separate_v and_o the_o eminency_n of_o her_o act_n in_o that_o state_n above_o what_o she_o have_v in_o the_o body_n and_o last_o of_o the_o felicity_n and_o infelicity_n connatural_o follow_v out_o of_o her_o action_n here_o and_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a disposition_n find_v in_o she_o at_o her_o separation_n as_o also_o of_o the_o immutability_n of_o her_o condition_n afterward_o it_o treat_v of_o the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o existence_n and_o how_o it_o be_v accidental_a or_o unessential_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o create_v be_v and_o thence_o demonstrate_v a_o first_o be_v or_o a_o god_n to_o who_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o be_v that_o be_v who_o nature_n be_v self-existence_n whence_o follow_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o his_o nature_n be_v infinite_o pure_a or_o simple_a eternal_a infinite_o perfect_a and_o immutable_a all-knowing_a will_v ever_o what_o be_v most_o wise_a and_o therefore_o most_o free_a in_o all_o his_o action_n and_o that_o the_o divine_a essence_n be_v unconceivable_a by_o any_o notion_n we_o can_v frame_v or_o have_v of_o it_o and_o unexpressible_a by_o any_o name_n we_o can_v give_v it_o which_o be_v proper_a and_o not_o most_o high_o metaphorical_a last_o it_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v pure_a spiritual_a being_n which_o have_v no_o matter_n or_o potentiality_n in_o they_o call_v intelligence_n or_o angel_n and_o likewise_o in_o common_a of_o their_o number_n distinction_n and_o subordination_n as_o also_o of_o their_o proper_a operation_n both_o internal_a and_o external_n 4._o these_o and_o such_o as_o these_o be_v the_o object_n proper_a to_o that_o supreme_a science_n metaphysic_n which_o any_o man_n they_o of_o sense_n will_v think_v aught_o to_o make_v it_o deserve_v the_o esteem_n of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o elevate_v portion_n of_o mankind_n and_o not_o to_o be_v ridicule_v by_o drollish_a fop_n who_o turn_v all_o they_o understand_v not_o into_o buffoonery_n all_o these_o high_a subject_n it_o treat_v of_o i_o say_v if_o possible_a as_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v with_o more_o close_a more_o necessary_a and_o more_o immediate_a connexion_n than_o the_o mathematics_n can_v pretend_v to_o since_o the_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o science_n as_o also_o of_o logic_n do_v depend_v on_o be_v subordinate_a to_o and_o be_v borrow_a from_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o sovereign_n and_o mistress_n of_o all_o other_o science_n whatever_o 5._o it_o will_v i_o doubt_v not_o be_v apprehend_v that_o such_o high_a knowledge_n be_v above_o our_o reach_n and_o impossible_a to_o be_v reason_n attain_v by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n they_o be_v indeed_o above_o fancy_n and_o i_o believe_v this_o objection_n be_v make_v by_o fancy_n or_o by_o man_n attend_v to_o the_o resemblance_n of_o fancy_n which_o fall_v short_a of_o represent_v to_o we_o such_o sublime_a object_n but_o why_o they_o shall_v be_v above_o our_o reason_n i_o can_v imagine_v or_o why_o they_o shall_v be_v deem_v so_o mysterious_a as_o not_o to_o be_v knowable_a without_o a_o divine_a revelation_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o can_v have_v abstract_a notion_n of_o existence_n thing_n immaterial_a incorporeal_a knowledge_n will_n operation_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v we_o can_v consider_v the_o common_a subject_n thing_n as_o existent_a capable_a of_o be_v and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o spirit_n as_o immaterial_a incorporeal_a know_v will_a and_o operate_a etc._n etc._n as_o well_o as_o mathematician_n
my_o tenet_n that_o he_o can_v any_o more_o than_o he_o can_v witness_v a_o falsehood_n or_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o other_o imperfection_n it_o will_v be_v think_v this_o limit_n and_o consequent_o take_v away_o his_o omnipotency_n and_o i_o on_o the_o contrary_a think_v i_o have_v far_o more_o reason_n to_o judge_v that_o the_o other_o opinion_n argue_v impotency_n and_o we_o settle_v his_o omnipotency_n common_a sense_n seem_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o omnipotency_n be_v a_o power_n of_o do_v all_o thing_n and_o not_o of_o do_v nothing_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v something_o and_o therefore_o to_o do_v nothing_o or_o make_v a_o nothing_o which_o the_o sense_n of_o annihilation_n be_v not_o to_o do_v and_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a notion_n of_o omnipotency_n which_o put_v it_o to_o consist_v in_o such_o a_o occasion_n in_o not_o do_v i_o wonder_v what_o conceit_n such_o discourser_n make_v of_o the_o divinity_n what_o i_o be_o force_v to_o conceive_v of_o he_o as_o essential_a to_o he_o be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o pure_a actuality_n of_o be_v as_o far_o as_o be_v on_o his_o part_n actual_o and_o ever_o exercise_v that_o he_o have_v no_o power_n in_o he_o undetermined_a to_o act_v as_o we_o have_v which_o argue_v some_o potentiality_n or_o imperfection_n in_o we_o that_o actual_a existence_n be_v essential_a to_o he_o his_o peculiar_a effect_n be_v to_o give_v existence_n or_o to_o create_v thing_n and_o to_o conserve_v they_o in_o be_v which_o be_v a_o perpetual_a creation_n or_o creation_n continue_v and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v more_o diametrical_o opposite_a to_o his_o nature_n to_o cause_v not_o be_v than_o it_o be_v for_o light_a to_o cause_v darkness_n whence_o follow_v that_o whatever_o his_o creature_n be_v natural_o dispose_v for_o he_o be_v actual_o bestow_v it_o upon_o they_o since_o then_o the_o essence_n of_o all_o creature_n be_v capacity_n of_o be_v the_o same_o goodness_n that_o make_v the_o sun_n shine_v on_o the_o just_a and_o unjust_a must_v give_v they_o continual_o to_o be_v actual_o the_o place_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o prove_v this_o point_n at_o large_a but_o be_v i_o write_v metaphysic_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o handle_v it_o thorough_o i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o to_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o action_n effect_v causality_n the_o specification_n of_o action_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o creature_n and_o almost_o each_o of_o god_n infinite_a attribute_n that_o annihilation_n be_v both_o impossible_a and_o also_o most_o unworthy_a the_o divine_a nature_n some_o witty_a man_n think_v that_o annihilation_n do_v best_a suit_n with_o god_n justice_n and_o thence_o conceit_n that_o eternal_a damnation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o be_v annihilate_v whereas_o indeed_o this_o tenet_n violate_v that_o attribute_n in_o the_o high_a degree_n for_o to_o punish_v a_o sinner_n without_o inflict_v something_o upon_o he_o that_o be_v penal_a be_v nonsense_n and_o what_o pain_n can_v a_o sinner_n feel_v when_o he_o be_v nothing_o or_o be_v not_o 12._o indeed_o mr._n locke_n §_o 22._o argue_v strong_o and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v unanswerable_o against_o the_o cartesian_o vacuum_n who_o make_v the_o innumerable_a particle_n of_o their_o aether_n though_o jumble_v together_o confuse_o still_o light_a so_o exact_o as_o to_o fill_v every_o little_a interstice_n do_v they_o put_v they_o to_o be_v fluid_a and_o of_o a_o very_a rare_a nature_n and_o so_o easy_o pliable_a they_o may_v make_v some_o sense_n of_o it_o but_o they_o make_v they_o solid_a dry_n and_o of_o a_o firm_a consistency_n for_o otherwise_o the_o particle_n of_o their_o element_n can_v not_o be_v make_v by_o attrition_n of_o other_o part_n of_o their_o matter_n of_o which_o one_o of_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o dust._n nor_o can_v it_o avail_v they_o to_o say_v those_o particle_n be_v less_o and_o less_o indeterminate_o for_o every_o thing_n and_o mode_n too_o in_o nature_n especial_o if_o consistent_a be_v determine_v to_o be_v particular_o what_o it_o be_v and_o as_o it_o be_v nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o indeterminate_a quantity_n any_o more_o than_o there_o can_v be_v a_o man_n in_o common_a who_o be_v indeterminate_a and_o indifferent_a to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o man._n 13._o as_o for_o his_o allege_v that_o man_n have_v a_o idea_n of_o vacuum_n distinct_a from_o the_o idea_n of_o plenum_fw-la it_o be_v true_a indeed_o and_o it_o it_o mean_v the_o same_o as_o non_fw-la corpus_fw-la and_o consequent_o non_fw-la quantum_fw-la non_fw-la quale_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o be_v chimaera_n which_o mean_v non_fw-fr ens._n but_o how_o do_v it_o follow_v hence_o that_o it_o do_v or_o can_v exist_v or_o that_o as_o he_o phrase_n it_o there_o be_v a_o incomprehensible_a inane_fw-la unless_o with_o the_o vulgar_a school_n we_o will_v make_v every_o distinct_a nice_a conception_n of_o we_o to_o be_v a_o particular_a entity_n and_o capable_a of_o exist_v apart_o which_o i_o do_v not_o think_v mr._n locke_n good_a judgement_n will_v allow_v of_o reflection_n eight_o on_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n this_o chapter_n afford_v much_o matter_n for_o reflection_n which_o to_o do_v as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v put_v my_o respective_a negative_n to_o mr._n locke_n affirmative_n give_v my_o reason_n for_o they_o and_o invalidate_v he_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o time_n be_v so_o abstruse_a as_o he_o conceive_v it_o the_o word_n be_v use_v common_o by_o the_o vulgar_a to_o time_n express_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o it_o and_o their_o usual_a mean_v be_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o it_o no_o clown_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o if_o he_o ever_o read_v a_o almanac_n or_o see_v a_o sundial_n unless_o some_o witty_a man_n come_v to_o puzzle_v he_o with_o doubt_n and_o question_n which_o he_o may_v even_o in_o thing_n the_o vulgar_a and_o all_o man_n live_v know_v very_o perfect_o he_o know_v though_o not_o to_o a_o mathematical_a exactness_n which_o be_v not_o requisite_a to_o our_o time_n or_o our_o use_n of_o it_o that_o the_o year_n begin_v on_o new-year_n day_n and_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v diurnal_a motion_n till_o he_o return_v to_o the_o same_o line_n or_o point_n make_v what_o we_o call_v a_o day_n and_o that_o a_o day_n be_v divide_v into_o 24_o hour_n he_o know_v how_o many_o day_n make_v a_o month_n how_o many_o month_n a_o year_n etc._n etc._n he_o esteem_v all_o these_o however_o he_o divide_v they_o into_o lesser_a or_o by_o addition_n augment_v they_o into_o great_a to_o be_v part_n of_o time_n and_o consequent_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n as_o well_o as_o he_o know_v that_o a_o day_n be_v such_o if_o then_o they_o know_v that_o all_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v particular_a part_n of_o time_n let_v we_o abstract_n from_o all_o these_o particular_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o common_a be_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o time_n itself_o in_o reality_n however_o the_o formal_a notion_n of_o time_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v know_v and_o regular_a as_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v discern_v so_o that_o they_o can_v measure_v and_o adjust_a all_o their_o action_n by_o it_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o may_v and_o this_o formality_n of_o time_n they_o do_v know_v too_o as_o appear_v by_o use_v or_o apply_v hour_n day_n month_n etc._n etc._n to_o measure_n and_o adjust_a all_o their_o motion_n or_o action_n by_o they_o so_o that_o this_o whole_a discourse_n of_o i_o answer_v the_o nicety_n object_v which_o escape_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o vulgar_a seem_v to_o be_v build_v on_o that_o solid_a maxim_n that_o the_o true_a signification_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o they_o if_o mr._n locke_n please_v as_o i_o think_v he_o will_v not_o to_o coin_v another_o idea_n of_o it_o and_o call_v it_o time_n he_o may_v if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o time_n which_o man_n have_v have_v hitherto_o nor_o will_v his_o new_a notion_n suit_n with_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a the_o signification_n he_o impose_v upon_o that_o word_n can_v ever_o obtain_v acceptation_n in_o the_o world_n unless_o some_o supreme_a authority_n which_o command_v all_o the_o world_n shall_v enjoin_v under_o great_a penalty_n that_o such_o a_o word_n be_v take_v in_o that_o new_a sense_n and_o no_o other_o and_o even_o that_o will_v never_o be_v for_o all_o mankind_n will_v never_o be_v under_o any_o such_o authority_n 2._o i_o deny_v that_o duration_n ought_v to_o be_v call_v succession_n unless_o restrain_v to_o corporeal_a it_o duration_n which_o be_v the_o least_o worthy_a that_o
judicious_a decision_n of_o this_o point_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n settle_v the_o golden_a mean_a between_o both_o i_o have_v endeavour_v in_o my_o method_n b._n 1._o lesle_n 2._o to_o §_o 12._o to_o establish_v from_o clear_a ground_n the_o just_a pitch_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o this_o state_n mr._n locke_n do_v with_o his_o usual_a candour_n attempt_v to_o do_v the_o same_o in_o his_o way_n concern_v which_o i_o be_o to_o give_v he_o my_o thought_n which_o be_v these_o 11._o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o have_v less_o knowledge_n than_o we_o may_v have_v have_v through_o our_o want_n of_o some_o notion_n existence_n as_o also_o for_o want_v of_o discern_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o thing_n no_o doubt_n too_o but_o intuitive_a knowledge_n which_o be_v only_o of_o self-evident_a truth_n can_v reach_v to_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o our_o notion_n or_o idea_n and_o that_o we_o too_o often_o want_v proper_a medium_n to_o connect_v those_o notion_n in_o order_n to_o demonstration_n as_o also_o that_o our_o sensitive_a knowledge_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v that_o which_o be_v have_v by_o experiment_n do_v not_o reach_v very_o far_o otherwise_o our_o sense_n give_v we_o as_o we_o do_v both_o of_o we_o hold_v all_o the_o first_o natural_a notion_n we_o have_v i_o believe_v it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o give_v we_o withal_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n whence_o i_o can_v see_v why_o he_o limit_n sensitive_a knowledge_n to_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n only_o or_o that_o our_o sense_n do_v make_v we_o know_v only_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v for_o certain_o our_o sense_n do_v as_o well_o tell_v we_o the_o wall_n be_v white_a as_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v though_o in_o proper_a speech_n it_o do_v neither_o but_o by_o mean_n of_o our_o mind_n compare_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o two_o term_n give_v we_o by_o the_o object_n in_o order_n to_o the_o see_v their_o coexistence_n 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such_o however_o they_o may_v fancy_v they_o to_o be_v such_o by_o allow_v to_o themselves_o voluntary_a supposition_n for_o principle_n i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o appendix_n to_o my_o method_n that_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosopher_n the_o cartesian_o can_v know_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o most_o minute_n part_v of_o any_o of_o their_o element_n since_o they_o can_v never_o tell_v we_o by_o their_o ground_n the_o primary_n quality_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o natural_a body_n be_v make_v to_o show_v we_o can_v i_o will_v give_v a_o short_a summary_n of_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n in_o this_o particular_a true_o represent_v and_o clear_v from_o the_o misconceit_n of_o some_o late_a schoolman_n 13._o it_o be_v confess_v and_o evident_a that_o quantity_n be_v the_o primary_n affection_n of_o body_n of_o which_o re-modifyed_a as_o i_o ground_n may_v say_v all_o quality_n be_v make_v we_o can_v show_v that_o by_o it_o body_n be_v divisible_a and_o therefore_o quantity_n for_o that_o and_o and_o many_o other_o reason_n be_v divisibility_n especial_o take_v it_o as_o consider_v physical_o however_o take_v it_o as_o capable_a to_o be_v measure_v proportion_v and_o figure_v as_o mathematician_n do_v it_o may_v not_o very_o unfit_o be_v call_v extension_n but_o take_v it_o as_o i_o say_v as_o affect_v body_n in_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n in_o which_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v as_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n ought_v to_o consider_v it_o and_o it_o be_v divisibility_n or_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v divide_v by_o those_o cause_n nor_o can_v the_o great_a cartesian_a deny_v this_o since_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o first_o operation_n in_o nature_n be_v the_o make_v their_o three_o element_n by_o grind_v as_o it_o be_v or_o divide_v their_o first_o matter_n proceed_v by_o immediate_a step_n we_o be_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o this_o divisibility_n and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v by_o find_v the_o most_o simple_a intrinsecal_n difference_n of_o that_o or_o any_o other_o notion_n which_o can_v only_o be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o common_a notion_n now_o more_o and_o less_o of_o divisibility_n consider_v in_o order_n to_o natural_a agent_n be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o be_v 2._o more_o easy_o and_o less_o easy_o divisible_a by_o by_o those_o agent_n which_o we_o call_v to_o be_v rare_a and_o dense_n rarity_n therefore_o and_o density_n do_v constitute_v the_o simple_a sort_n or_o kind_n of_o body_n and_o since_o it_o be_v inconceivable_a that_o matter_n shall_v be_v divide_v at_o all_o by_o second_o cause_n but_o the_o divider_n must_v be_v more_o dense_n or_o more_o able_a to_o divide_v than_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o rare_a and_o dense_n body_n be_v original_o such_o or_o that_o there_o be_v create_v at_o first_o some_o sort_n of_o body_n that_o be_v more_o and_o other_o that_o be_v less_o divisible_a as_o be_v clear_o express_v in_o the_o two_o first_o verse_n of_o genesis_n and_o reason_v abet_n it_o for_o otherwise_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n can_v never_o have_v be_v connatural_o make_v because_o have_v all_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v equal_o divisible_a there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o one_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v the_o divider_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o and_o so_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o motion_n nor_o consequent_o any_o course_n of_o nature_n at_o all_o 14._o by_o the_o division_n of_o rare_a body_n by_o dense_n one_o and_o the_o division_n of_o their_o first_o compound_n the_o number_n of_o make_v part_n increase_v there_o natural_o follow_v the_o various_a size_n and_o the_o grossness_n and_o minuteness_n of_o those_o part_n as_o also_o their_o various_a figure_n situation_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o contribute_v to_o compound_v the_o species_n and_o individuum_n of_o these_o various_o mingle_v and_o remingle_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v make_v from_o simple_a division_n two_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o one_o whence_o follow_v the_o individual_a diversity_n of_o body_n according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n or_o ens._n more_n accident_n be_v as_o be_v say_v before_o still_o take_v in_o to_o make_v the_o subaltern_n genera_n and_o species_n even_o to_o the_o low_a sort_n or_o kind_a and_o innumerable_o more_o of_o they_o to_o distinguish_v and_o constitute_v individual_a body_n 15._o to_o come_v a_o little_a near_o our_o main_a point_n unless_o those_o quality_n rarity_n and_o density_n which_o be_v the_o primary_n density_n one_o be_v admit_v the_o world_n can_v never_o have_v be_v form_v connatural_o nor_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n carry_v on_o because_o as_o be_v now_o show_v in_o
run_v into_o error_n which_o be_v always_o prejudicial_a to_o our_o nature_n and_o if_o the_o error_n do_v concern_v matter_n of_o high_a moment_n pernicious_a to_o our_o soul_n eternal_a welfare_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v plain_a reason_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o each_o branch_n of_o this_o discourse_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o perfect_a evidence_n we_o come_v to_o examine_v now_o what_o mr._n locke_n deliver_v in_o this_o most_o important_a point_n 2._o first_o he_o confound_v outward_a action_n of_o which_o there_o be_v necessity_n and_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n of_o success_n with_o not_o interior_a judge_v and_o assent_v of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n and_o of_o which_o evident_a knowledge_n may_v oftentimes_o be_v have_v as_o also_o concern_v who_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n till_o evidence_n appear_v we_o may_v safe_o and_o honourable_o suspend_v our_o judgement_n nay_o if_o in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o do_v not_o we_o hazard_v to_o do_v ourselves_o a_o injury_n when_o we_o need_v not_o that_o he_o thus_o confound_v those_o two_o vast_o different_a or_o rather_o contrary_a consideration_n appear_v hence_o that_o §_o 1._o he_o show_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o not_o eat_v and_o of_o not_o go_v about_o our_o business_n till_o we_o have_v a_o demonstration_n that_o the_o meat_n will_v nourish_v we_o and_o the_o business_n will_v succeed_v which_o instance_n evident_o relate_v to_o outward_a action_n but_o in_o §_o 3._o he_o speak_v in_o the_o same_o tenor_n of_o take_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a which_o clear_o relate_v to_o inward_a assent_n second_o god_n be_v wisdom_n have_v indeed_o give_v we_o general_o no_o more_o but_o probability_n for_o our_o outward_a action_n do_v we_o good_a or_o succeed_a but_o to_o think_v our_o alwise_a maker_n have_v give_v we_o no_o better_a ground_n to_o make_v we_o assent_v or_o rather_o that_o he_o intend_v we_o shall_v assent_v upon_o probability_n which_o be_v still_o liable_a to_o be_v false_a and_o if_o they_o be_v but_o probability_n may_v all_o be_v false_a be_v to_o think_v that_o god_n mean_v to_o expose_v our_o soul_n to_o innumerable_a error_n nay_o allow_v and_o design_n we_o shall_v embrace_v error_n for_o if_o as_o mr._n l._n say_v god_n have_v give_v as_o a_o faculty_n to_o judge_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o the_o reason_n for_o their_o truth_n be_v but_o probable_a may_v not_o be_v true_a then_o since_o god_n have_v most_o certain_o intend_v we_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o faculty_n he_o have_v give_v we_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o god_n have_v expose_v we_o to_o error_n or_o design_v we_o shall_v err_v and_o that_o this_o faculty_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v knowledge_n very_o frequent_o which_o be_v hardly_o consistent_a with_o the_o reverence_n we_o do_v both_o of_o we_o owe_v to_o our_o creator_n who_o govern_v his_o creature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n he_o have_v give_v they_o which_o be_v to_o avoid_v error_n and_o never_o as_o will_v short_o be_v see_v this_o do_v to_o admit_v a_o contradiction_n 3._o what_o therefore_o i_o extreme_o admire_v be_v that_o mr._n locke_n shall_v say_v in_o express_a term_n that_o judgement_n be_v that_o faculty_n faculty_n whereby_o the_o mind_n take_v any_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a without_o perceive_v a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n in_o the_o proof_n and_o that_o this_o faculty_n be_v give_v man_n by_o god_n to_o enlighten_v he_o for_o first_o judgement_n do_v not_o enlighten_v we_o at_o all_o as_o appear_v evident_o because_o false_a judgement_n be_v error_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o enlighten_v the_o mind_n that_o they_o manifest_o darken_v it_o all_o that_o judgement_n do_v be_v to_o fix_v the_o mind_n in_o the_o persuasion_n it_o have_v whether_o that_o persuasion_n spring_v from_o clear_a reason_n or_o dark_a passion_n and_o mr._n locke_n seem_v to_o make_v good_a my_o word_n while_o he_o contradistinguish_v judgement_n to_o knowledge_n which_o late_a and_o only_o which_o be_v our_o intellectual_a light_n second_o the_o word_n take_v proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_n must_v mean_v assent_v to_o they_o as_o such_o for_o every_o judgement_n be_v not_o only_o a_o assent_n but_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a assent_n now_o that_o no_o probability_n can_v with_o reason_n cause_n assent_n and_o certain_o god_n who_o give_v we_o our_o reason_n have_v not_o give_v we_o a_o faculty_n to_o use_v it_o against_o our_o reason_n will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o three_o which_o be_v yet_o worse_o by_o contradistinguish_a judgement_n and_o clear_a knowledge_n he_o make_v those_o assent_n which_o spring_n out_o of_o clear_a knowledge_n to_o be_v no_o judgement_n at_o all_o whereas_o these_o be_v the_o only_a judgement_n that_o we_o can_v be_v sure_o will_v do_v we_o good_a and_o be_v according_a to_o our_o true_a nature_n reason_n he_o tell_v we_o indeed_o in_o the_o close_a that_o when_o we_o judge_v as_o thing_n real_o be_v they_o be_v right_a judgement_n but_o how_o do_v this_o agree_v with_o his_o contradistinguish_a former_o judgement_n according_o to_o its_o whole_a latitude_n or_o in_o its_o general_n notion_n from_o knowledge_n unless_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o we_o only_o do_v right_a when_o we_o judge_v at_o haphazard_n or_o judge_v right_o by_o chance_n qui_fw-la quod_fw-la aequum_fw-la est_fw-la statuit_fw-la parte_fw-la inauditâ_fw-la alterâ_fw-la aequum_fw-la licet_fw-la statuerit_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la tamen_fw-la by_o which_o rule_n we_o be_v ill_a man_n even_o though_o we_o judge_v right_a because_o we_o precipitate_v and_o hazard_v to_o embrace_v error_n when_o we_o need_v not_o beside_o thing_n be_v so_o real_o to_o we_o as_o we_o know_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o we_o do_v not_o know_v they_o to_o be_v such_o we_o can_v with_o reason_n say_v or_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o and_o if_o we_o do_v we_o act_n against_o our_o true_a nature_n to_o do_v which_o god_n have_v give_v we_o no_o faculty_n four_o among_o the_o cause_n mention_v here_o that_o make_v we_o judge_v necessity_n be_v reckon_v as_o one_o when_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o to_o make_v we_o judge_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o possible_a necessity_n force_v we_o to_o judge_v but_o clear_a evidence_n this_o indeed_o oblige_v we_o to_o interior_a assent_n and_o compel_v we_o to_o judge_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o as_o we_o see_v it_o to_o be_v but_o if_o no_o evidence_n can_v be_v have_v what_o necessity_n be_v there_o at_o all_o of_o judge_v one_o way_n or_o other_o can_v we_o suspend_v our_o judgement_n till_o evidence_n appear_v or_o whether_o it_o do_v ever_o appear_v or_o not_o why_o be_v we_o in_o such_o haste_n to_o hazard_v fall_v into_o error_n or_o who_o bid_v we_o judge_n at_o all_o till_o we_o see_v a_o good_a or_o conclusive_a reason_n why_o i_o be_o sure_a whatever_o many_o man_n may_v do_v out_o of_o weakness_n neither_o god_n nor_o nature_n ever_o impose_v upon_o any_o such_o a_o absurd_a duty_n last_o what_o mean_v his_o make_n it_o then_o to_o be_v judgement_n when_o we_o have_v no_o demonstrative_a evidence_n may_v we_o not_o judge_v a_o conclusion_n that_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v true_a because_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v or_o that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n be_v true_a because_o it_o be_v self-evident_a or_o rather_o ought_v we_o not_o to_o judge_v all_o such_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a for_o this_o very_a reason_n because_o we_o know_v evident_o they_o be_v so_o so_o far_o then_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n from_o be_v contradistinguish_v from_o judgement_n that_o they_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o method_n b._n 2._o lesle_n 1._o §_o 3._o where_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v set_v the_o nature_n of_o judgement_n in_o a_o clear_a light_n as_o i_o have_v that_o of_o assent_n suspense_n and_o certainty_n b._n 3._o §_o 9_o 4._o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o think_v myself_o mistake_v in_o mr._n locke_n mean_v if_o his_o express_a word_n the_o tenor_n of_o themselves_o his_o discourse_n and_o his_o next_o chapter_n of_o probability_n which_o run_v in_o the_o same_o strain_n will_v give_v i_o leave_v perhaps_o he_o think_v that_o since_o none_o can_v embrace_v christianity_n without_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o few_o know_v it_o to_o be_v so_o we_o shall_v exclude_v the_o generality_n from_o the_o way_n to_o salvation_n if_o we_o do_v not_o allow_v such_o a_o faculty_n give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o judge_v without_o know_v i_o answer_v 1._o those_o gift_n that_o come_v from_o above_o from_o the_o father_n of_o light_n be_v all_o perfect_a as_o be_v the_o endowment_n of_o his_o infinitely-bountiful_a