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A42450 An examination of the case of the Quakers concerning oaths propounded by them, A.D. 1673, to the consideration of the King, and both Houses of Parliament : with a vindication of the power of the magistrate to impose oaths, and the liberty and duty of all Christians to swear by God reverently : humbly submitted to the judgment of His Most Sacred Majesty, and the two Houses of Parliament / by Charles Gataker ... Gataker, Charles, 1614 or 15-1680. 1675 (1675) Wing G305; ESTC R40267 35,338 42

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of their Persons but of their Doctrines the reception whereof concerns a Mans own Salvation And if the common reason of all Men directed by such Light as God affords them do enable them to choose that Church among the several pretending Societies of Christians at this day with which he may safely hold Communion then the same reason with the same aids will be sufficient to guide him to determine what Doctrines of Faith and Manners he may safely receive For God hath given unto us all one Rule of Faith and Manners which is common to the Stewards and to the inferiour Servants of his House the Church Neither is it now possible to make a right Judgment of a particular Church but by conferring of their Doctrine with that Rule For the Light cannot be discerned whether it be True or False by the Candlestick but the Candlestick must be judged of by the Light which it upholds and that must be tried by something else Thus it is evident that every one must pass a Sentence within himself of what he must Believe and Doe Our Saviour reproves those who will not employ their Talent of Reason Luk. 12.57 Lam. 3.40 and make use of their Light this way saying But why do ye not even of your selves Judge what is right or just Again every Christian is bound to judge himself for what he hath done to search and try his ways whether they have been and are conformable to the Law of God God hath set up Conscience a Domestick Judge within a Man 's own Brest who is a swift witness and an impartial Judge And the sincere proceeding in judgment of our selves is the certain way both to make and to keep our Peace with God For St. 1 Cor. 11.31 Paul says If we would Judge our selves we should not be judged The Master says Judge not to wit others least ye be judged and the servant says Judge your selves and ye shall not be judged But God the Supreme Judge of all hath delegated his own power to certain Ministers whom he hath honoured with one of his own Names to wit Elohim and armed them with Authority to judge and punish other Men See this Title given to Judges Ps 82.1.6 Ex. 22.28 Act. 23.5 Levit. 19.22 where we should read Honor the face of the old Man and fear thy Judge I am the Lord Age is to be honoured Authority is to be feared if they be proved Malefactors These are by Gods Ordinance advanced to sit upon the Throne of the Lord 1 Chron. 29.23 that they may judge for the Lord 2 Chron. 19.7 and their Sentence pronounced according to Justice and Equity is the Judgement of God Deut. 1.17 This Judicial power derived from above Joh. 19.11 Act. 25.9.10 our Saviour owned in Pontius Pilate and the Apostle St. Paul in Augustus Caesar whom he accounted a compleat Judge even in matters of Religion and therefore made an Appeal from the Jews to the Roman Emperor Briefly it is a main point of Christian Doctrine that Christians must be subject to the Judicial Authority of the Powers ordained by God in the Civil Government of the World Rom. 13.1.6 Tit. 3.1 I will not now run out to shew what spiritual power of Government and Jurisdiction the Lord hath given to his Ministers intrusted with the Pastoral charge for edification and not for destruction which the See Mat. 18.17 19.28 Here our Saviour promises to the twelve Apostles that in the Regeneration when all things are made new under the spiritual Kingdom of the Messiah they shall be the Judges of Gods Israel Read 1 Cor. 5 3.4.5 12.28 2 Cor. 10.8 1 Tim. 5.17.19 Tit. 3.10 Holy Scripture abundantly testifies To conclude then if Christs words Judge not should be taken in their utmost latitude the Lord himself would be taken for the Author of Confusion and not of Peace in the State and in the Church the subverter of his own Ordinances and his Gospel which is a word of Peace would be made an Engine to turn the World upside down Thus we see a necessity of limiting them by the distinction of private persons judging others which cannot be done without the bold intrusion upon Gods Office and of Publick Ministers of Gods Government judging those who are under their Power which is a lawful execution of their delegated authority Secondly Christ hath given us another distinction of the manner of judging in cases wherein Men are allowed to judge For he says Judge not according to the appearance Joh. 7.24 but judge righteous judgment Here is a double charge judge not to wit hastily rashly upon weak grounds of slight and superficial shews and yet judge Righteous Judgment that is according to the Merit of the Cause upon clear evidence I need say no more to shew that this prohibition is not to be understood in an unbounded sense We may observe the like of our Saviours inhibition Mat. 5.39 Mat. 13.38.39 1 Pet. 5.8.9 Jam. 4.7 Heb. 12.4 Phil. 2.17 Apoc. 12.11 But I say unto you resist not Evil which must be limited by the distinctions of the Evil to be resisted and of the persons resisting For every private Christian is a Souldier who must stoutly resist that Evil one that Enemy both of God and Man the Devil and Sin which is the Work of the Devil yea every temptation unto Sin is to be resisted sometimes even unto Blood not actively by shedding the blood of others but passively by suffering our own to be shed and by willingly pouring it out as a drink-offering upon the Sacrifice of our Faith For in the spiritual warfare Christians are more then conquerors when they love not their Lives unto Death itself But the Magistrate is armed with a Sword and hath a Commission to resist every evil work to stop the course and to repress the force of Sin in others for the publick welfare and peace of the State If therefore a Magistrate draw his Sword to execute Justice he must not put it up in his sheath and be quiet if the Malefactor shall say oh Sir you must remember the command of our Saviour Resist not evil and the check given to Peter when he was unseasonably and rashly over-valiant Put up thy Sword into its place Mat. 26.52 for all that take the Sword shall perish by the Sword Thus the resisting evil is unwarrantable in private persons but necessary in publick officers To close up all if it be an intollerable abuse of the Gospel-prohibitions aforesaid to extend them to all occasions whereas in many cases they are not of any force it is equally irrational to stretch this negative Swear not to the utmost extent of the words when they cannot consist with that Law of God written in the Heart of Man which is also established by the Law written by Moses at Gods command and given to his own people for a Rule of Religion and Righteousness and is farther urged by the Prophets who were sparing in pressing carnal Ordinances but earnest in exacting the everlasting Righteousness of God and is confirmed by our Blessed Saviours Declaration that he came not to abrogate any part of that Law nor to infringe any piece of Gods Righteousness whereof an Oath reverently taken upon a just occasion is a part Let the Adversaries then if they can shew a Disparity between these Prohibitions why the one concerning Judging and Resisting must be limited and the other concerning Swearing ought not or may not without injury to our Blessed Saviours Authority In the mean time I conclude in the words of St. Paul who with modesty and care to decline the suspicion of exercising a Dominion over the Faith of his Brethren 2 Cor. 1.24 1. Cor. 10.15 referred his Doctrine to be determined by common reason upon the general principles of Religion I speak as unto Men of discretion judge ye what I say FINIS