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A05111 The logike of the moste excellent philosopher P. Ramus martyr, newly translated, and in diuers places corrected, after the mynde of the author. Per M. Roll. Makylmenæum Scotum, rogatu viri honestissimi, M. Ægidii Hamlini; Dialectica. English Ramus, Petrus, 1515-1572.; MacIlmaine, Rollo. 1574 (1574) STC 15246; ESTC S107927 38,954 102

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ennemies that we shoulde by all honest meanes deliuer our selues from all daunger And a litle after Yf the 12. tables woulde a thief taken in the night to be kylled by any meanes and a thief taken in the daye yf he by weapon defended hym self to be kylled also without daūger who is he that thinke the Slaughter to be ponyshed howsoeuer it be committed seeing he maye perceiue that the very lawes them selues doo offer to vs sometyme the sworde to kyll men Prouerbes are nombred amongest famous sentences as lyke drawethe to lyke The sayinges also of wysewen as Knowe thy felf Mediocritie is best of all thinges There is an exemple of the singular testimonie Cicero 1. ad fratrem And surely that prince of engeine and knowledge Plato had this opinion that the common wealthes shoulde then be most happye and blessed when that eyther learned and wyse men began to gouerne them Or that those who had the care ouer them should geue them selues to wysdome and knowledge So Christe hym self the Apostles and Euangelistes do confirme their doctrine by the lawe of Moyses The Phisicians by the auctoritie of Hippocrates Dioscorides Galen and suche others the Philosophers by Plato and Aristotle the lawyers by Iustinian and the mathematicians by Euclides So when there rysethe any question or controuersie of landes or slaughter suche other matters we vse to produce their obligations and bynde them whith their cōfession and othe we haue an example of Obligacion of Cicero in 5. Phillippicke Yea I shall be bolde to bynde my faythe to you belowed Iudges to the people Romaine which yf nothing compelled me I woulde not take in hande but woulde very muche feare in a most dangerous matter the fame and suspicion of rashenes I promise I vndertake I bynde my self honorable Iudges that Caesar shal be at all tymes suche a Citizen as he is this daye and suche a one as you ought to wyshe and desire hym to be We maye comprehende vnder the name of obligations gages geuen for the suertie of any thing as Virgill 3. of Eglogs A herdman hauing no artificiall argumente to proue that he coulde synge better then his fellowe braggethe that he wyll laye downe an heyfer for a gage The confession is eyther voluntarie or forced Voluntarie when we do graunte any thing of our owne wyll Forced when by tormentes we are compelled to graunte that which otherwayes we woulde not and is properly called a question Miloes ennemie vsethe suche an argumente agaynst hym but it is mocked of Cicero Go too I praye you sayethe Cicero what was the question or after what fashion hoe hoe where is Rushio where is Casca hathe Clodius wrought treason agaynst Milo he hath wrought then a certain Gibbett for hym He hathe wrought none then there is a hope of his libertie Hereto also maye be referred the sorte of argumente which we vse whē we do offer to proue our sayinges by experience as Cicero 4. of Verren Is there any bodie that would haue geuen to Volcatius althoughe he comethe of hym self the tenthe parte of a denyer Let hym come now and see there is no man that wyll receiue hym within his house Terence in Eunucho Examyn in knowledge and learning in wrastling and fygthing at the bariers I shall geue you one conynglye learned in all thinges which is decent for a gentleman to knowe And Othe is also nombred amongest the testimonies as Virgill 6. Aeneidos I was thy cause of deathe alas Now by the starres I swere By all the godds and if there be Remayning yet one where Vnfayned faythe if truthe on grounde Or vnder grounde maye be Agaynst my wyll ô Quene from thy Dominions did I flye FINIS THE SECONDE BOOKE OF DIALECTICKE CONtaining the disposition CAP. I Of the definition and deuision of the disposition and proposition WE haue intreated in the former booke the first parte of Dialecticke which is inuention Now followethe consequently the other parte which we did name Iudgement and disposition Disposition is a parte of Dialecticke wich teachethe to dispone and place orderly the argumentes inuented to the ende we maye iudge well and rigthly for we iudge of euery thing according to the disposition therof And therfore this parte of Logicke is eyther called iudgement or disposition vnder one signification Disposition is parted into the proposition otherwise called enunciation or sylogisme and methode Proposition is a disposition in the which one argumente is spoken for another The proposition hathe two partes the first is called the antecedent the secōde the consequent Of the which the qualities of propositions do ryse And first the affirmation and the negation The proposition affirmatiue is when the consequent affirmethe vpon the antecedent as a man is mortall The proposition is negatiue whē the consequente denyethe vpon the antecedent as Man is not mortall and here rysethe the contradiction of propositions when one consequente dothe bothe affirme and denie vpon one antecedent CAP. II. Of the true proposition and false contingent necessarie and impossible and of the thre documents of artes THe proposition is eyther true or false It is tru when the consequent is truly ioined with the antecedent or truly separated from the same as here it is truly ioined all man are synners and here truly separated no man is iust The proposition is called contingent when the consequent be truly said of the antecedēt so that sometyme it maye be false as fortune helpethe hardye men for granting it to be true to daye it may be false to morowe So that the veritie of this sorte of prositions is only certain in thinges present or past and not in thinges to come The proposition is necessary when the cōsequent maye at all times truly be sayde of the antecedent as all men are mortall And contrarywyse the proposition impossible is when the consequent maye at no tyme be sayde of the antecedent as A man is a horse The necessary is eyther of one kynde or of a diuerse kynde The necessary of one kynde is when the partes are coessentiall amonge them selues as when the generall is sayde of the speciall as A man is a liuing thing or the difference of the forme as a man is reasonable or the adioincte of his proper subiecte as A man maye laughe And this sorte of proposition is sometyme reciprocate when the consequent not only maye be sayde alwaye of the antecedent and of all thinges contained vnder the antecedent but of it self also so that the antecedent contrariewyse may be sayde of the consequent on the same maner as Man is a reasonable lyuing thing nomber is equall or vnequall The proposition of diuerse kynde is when the partes are not coessential as A man is blacke or white And here we haue three generall documentes to be obserued in all artes and sciences The first is that all the preceptes and rules shoulde be generall and of necessitie true and this is called a documente of veritie The seconde that euery