the_o meerbark_n outside_n and_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o the_o law_n and_o indeed_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la jura_fw-la they_o be_v not_o law_n the_o rule_n that_o we_o have_v in_o plead_v that_o parol_v font_n plea_n that_o be_v whatsoever_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n be_v that_o be_v his_o case_n and_o that_o he_o must_v stand_v to_o as_o he_o have_v plead_v and_o the_o other_o rule_n that_o a_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v take_v most_o strong_o against_o himself_o where_o it_o be_v doubtful_a these_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v strange_a to_o conclude_v any_o man_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o word_n from_o lay_v open_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n this_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o invegle_v the_o court_n and_o make_v they_o give_v a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o if_o they_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o mistake_n and_o yet_o judge_v according_a to_o that_o i_o doubt_v whether_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n will_v another_o day_n be_v a_o good_a plea_n for_o they_o beside_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v but_o true_o reason_v this_o case_n he_o must_v needs_o judge_v it_o very_o unjust_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v suffer_v through_o another_o default_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n for_o that_o say_v nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la puniri_fw-la pro_fw-la alieno_fw-la delicto_fw-la now_o pray_v who_o be_v it_o that_o draw_v these_o plea_n why_o the_o clerk_n or_o lawyer_n according_a to_o the_o information_n he_o receive_v from_o his_o client_n can_v it_o then_o be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o the_o misplead_n or_o formal_a mistake_n of_o these_o who_o i_o intrust_v as_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a thereof_o myself_o shall_v prejudice_v i_o again_o be_v it_o not_o frequent_a for_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o law_n to_o err_v or_o at_o least_o to_o differ_v in_o judgement_n from_o the_o judge_n and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v blame_v neither_o why_o then_o shall_v i_o suffer_v for_o other_o man_n fault_n or_o defect_n in_o judgement_n by_o divers_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 8._o e._n 6._o q._n el._n and_o king_n james_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o after_o issue_v try_v after_o verdict_n after_o demurrer_n except_o where_o the_o matter_n of_o form_n be_v special_o demur_v to_o that_o the_o judge_n do_v give_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o matter_n in_o law_n and_o no_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a or_o variance_n etc._n etc._n to_o hinder_v it_o these_o be_v good_a law_n so_o far_o as_o they_o have_v go_v and_o i_o hope_v none_o that_o consider_v these_o will_v blame_v i_o for_o without_o doubt_n the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a consideration_n cause_v the_o make_n of_o they_o that_o justice_n or_o right_n may_v be_v advance_v above_o all_o punctilio_n or_o nice_a formality_n and_o since_o those_o be_v defective_a in_o many_o thing_n as_o common_a experience_n teach_v and_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o cause_v the_o make_n of_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o persuade_v our_o great_a parliament_n to_o a_o total_a extirpation_n of_o such_o immaterial_a nicety_n i_o doubt_v not_o in_o good_a time_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o act_n make_v which_o will_v full_o answer_v our_o desire_n therein_o which_o will_v be_v much_o for_o the_o good_a and_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n and_o no_o less_o beneficial_a to_o lawyer_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o be_v conveyance_n and_o therein_o propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o tedious_a and_o long_a conveyance_n now_o in_o use_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o not_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n of_o conveyance_n in_o our_o law_n and_o i_o doubt_v too_o many_o to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n as_o feoffment_n fine_n recovery_n bargain_n and_o sale_n covenant_n to_o stand_v seize_v to_o use_n etc._n etc._n most_o of_o which_o be_v so_o swell_v and_o enlarge_v with_o many_o unnecessary_a covenant_n and_o vain_a and_o idle_a repetition_n and_o tautology_n which_o together_o with_o advice_n and_o counsel_n be_v a_o intolerable_a charge_n and_o expense_n to_o the_o people_n so_o that_o he_o that_o purchase_v but_o a_o small_a thing_n as_o happy_o not_o be_v able_a to_o go_v further_o he_o have_v as_o good_a almost_o be_v without_o it_o and_o keep_v his_o money_n as_o undergo_v the_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v in_o the_o assure_n of_o it_o i_o put_v a_o feoffment_n in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o deserve_v the_o pre-eminence_n and_o priority_n of_o place_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o best_a conveyance_n o_o the_o innocence_n of_o former_a age_n when_o a_o feoffment_n only_o of_o some_o few_o line_n be_v sufficient_a and_o serve_v to_o convey_v over_o the_o great_a estate_n yet_o i_o be_o not_o in_o this_o case_n to_o lay_v all_o the_o blame_n if_o any_o upon_o lawyer_n for_o as_o the_o innocence_n of_o those_o time_n require_v not_o so_o many_o covenant_n and_o assurance_n to_o oblige_v man_n to_o the_o performance_n and_o make_v good_a of_o their_o faith_n and_o engagement_n one_o to_o another_o so_o the_o wickedness_n and_o corruption_n of_o these_o latter_a age_n be_v such_o that_o man_n must_v be_v tie_v and_o bind_v shackle_a and_o fetter_v like_o wild_a and_o untamed_a cattle_n so_o that_o it_o even_o puzzle_v lawyer_n to_o find_v word_n enough_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o subtle_a device_n and_o overreach_v policy_n of_o most_o man_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o keep_v they_o within_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o justice_n and_o honesty_n but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o i_o break_v off_o from_o cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 9_o say_v that_o a_o feoffment_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o necessary_a conveyance_n note_v that_o reader_n both_o for_o that_o it_o be_v solemn_a and_o public_a and_o therefore_o best_a remember_v and_o prove_v and_o also_o for_o that_o it_o clear_v all_o disseisin_n abatement_n intrusion_n and_o other_o wrongful_a and_o defeasible_a estate_n where_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o feoffor_n be_v lawful_a which_o neither_o fine_a recovery_n nor_o bargain_n and_o sale_n by_o deedindented_a and_o enrol_v do_v and_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o assurance_n may_v find_v the_o better_a esteem_n and_o approbation_n i_o shall_v first_o inform_v you_o what_o it_o be_v and_o then_o show_v you_o the_o venerable_a antiquity_n of_o it_o feoffment_n be_v derive_v of_o the_o ancient_a word_n feâ—dum_n quia_fw-la est_fw-la donatio_fw-la feodi_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o give_n of_o the_o fee_n for_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o the_o law_n call_v a_o feoffment_n donatio_fw-la of_o the_o verb_n do_v or_o dedi_fw-la which_o be_v the_o apt_a word_n of_o feoffment_n and_o now_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o out_o of_o no_o other_o author_n but_o holy_a writ_n for_o say_v my_o lord_n cook_n that_o word_n ephron_n use_v when_o he_o enfeoff_v abraham_n say_v i_o give_v thou_o the_o field_n of_o machpelah_n over_o against_o mamre_n and_o the_o cave_n therein_o i_o give_v thou_o and_o all_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o field_n and_o the_o border_n round_o about_o all_o which_o be_v make_v sure_a unto_o abraham_n for_o a_o possession_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o witness_n genesis_n cap._n 23._o vers._n 11._o and_o when_o the_o kinsman_n of_o elimelech_n give_v unto_o boas_n the_o parcel_n of_o land_n that_o be_v elimelech_n he_o take_v off_o his_o shoe_n and_o give_v it_o unto_o boas_n in_o the_o name_n of_o seisin_n of_o the_o land_n after_o the_o manner_n in_o israel_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o witness_n ruth_n cap._n 4._o ver._n 7_o 8._o deut._n 25._o 9_o 10._o thus_o you_o have_v the_o antiquity_n likewise_o of_o a_o feoffment_n now_o this_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o ancient_a conveyance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v most_o in_o use_n cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 6._o a._o say_v that_o there_o be_v eight_o formal_a or_o orderly_a part_n of_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n as_o the_o premise_n the_o habendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o he_o say_v all_o those_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o very_o few_o and_o significant_a word_n haec_fw-la fuit_fw-la candida_fw-la illius_fw-la aetatis_fw-la fides_fw-la et_fw-la simplicitas_fw-la quae_fw-la pauculis_fw-la lineis_fw-la omnia_fw-la fidei_fw-la firmamenta_fw-la posuerunt_fw-la and_o a_o feoffment_n be_v good_a without_o these_o formal_a part_n fol._n 7._o a._n for_o if_o a_o man_n by_o his_o deed_n give_v land_n to_o another_o and_o his_o heir_n without_o more_o say_n this_o be_v good_a if_o he_o put_v his_o seal_n to_o the_o deed_n deliver_v it_o and_o make_v livery_n according_o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a upon_o this_o conveyance_n by_o way_n of_o
to_o most_o man_n which_o cause_n dissension_n among_o man_n in_o family_n kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o man_n will_v take_v up_o the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n david_n and_o careful_o observe_v it_o i_o will_v take_v heed_n to_o my_o way_n that_o i_o offend_v not_o with_o my_o tongue_n i_o will_v keep_v my_o mouth_n as_o with_o a_o bridle_n but_o now_o i_o beseech_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v and_o i_o shall_v in_o a_o word_n inform_v you_o how_o these_o frivolous_a contentious_a action_n may_v be_v very_o much_o abate_v if_o not_o whole_o take_v away_o let_v no_o word_n be_v actionable_a which_o do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o choler_n and_o passion_n or_o if_o actionable_a yet_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n recover_v no_o more_o in_o damage_n than_o he_o can_v upon_o oath_n make_v appear_v that_o he_o be_v real_o and_o actual_o damnify_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n these_o action_n will_v be_v as_o strange_a and_o as_o rare_o bring_v for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v in_o former_a age_n for_o nothing_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o they_o more_o than_o the_o intolerable_a unjust_a and_o excessive_a damage_n usual_o recover_v by_o they_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o this_o though_o the_o tongue_n of_o man_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o bellows_o to_o blow_v the_o coal_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o be_o to_o consider_v be_v concerning_o action_n that_o die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o therein_o the_o question_n be_v in_o short_a but_o this_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o action_n shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n the_o rule_n be_v actio_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la now_o what_o those_o action_n be_v that_o shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o first_o negative_o quicquid_fw-la oritur_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la vel_fw-la conventione_fw-la non_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la whatsoever_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o covenant_n or_o contract_n do_v not_o die_v with_o the_o person_n affirmative_o all_o action_n that_o be_v say_v in_o law_n to_o be_v mere_o personal_a as_o trespass_n debt_n upon_o simple_a contract_n battery_n word_n debt_n upon_o a_o escape_n against_o a_o keeper_n of_o a_o prison_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o in_o law_n die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o no_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o executor_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a law_n and_o a_o failer_z of_o justice_n that_o i_o shall_v suffer_v against_o law_n and_o that_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o do_v the_o wrong_n there_o be_v no_o act_n or_o default_n in_o i_o shall_v take_v away_o my_o remedy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o law_n in_o case_n of_o a_o bond_n covenant_n or_o the_o like_a bind_v the_o executor_n though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v and_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n because_o the_o executor_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o testator_n why_o then_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n shall_v not_o a_o personal_a tort_n of_o the_o testator_n as_o well_o bind_v the_o executor_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o the_o act_n of_o god_n as_o it_o be_v here_o in_o case_n of_o death_n shall_v prejudice_v no_o man_n why_o then_o in_o such_o case_n shall_v it_o take_v away_o my_o action_n again_o there_o be_v another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la deficere_fw-la conquerentibus_fw-la in_fw-la justitia_fw-la exhibenda_fw-la the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v defective_a in_o exhibit_v justice_n to_o complainant_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n be_v defective_a in_o justice_n if_o the_o inevitable_a fate_n of_o death_n shall_v take_v away_o my_o action_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la nulli_fw-la facit_fw-la injuriam_fw-la the_o law_n injure_v no_o man_n but_o i_o say_v in_o this_o case_n it_o injure_v i_o if_o it_o deprive_v i_o of_o my_o action_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n in_o fine_a where_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o damage_n there_o ought_v in_o reason_n to_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n for_o it_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o or_o otherwise_o discharge_v but_o by_o my_o act_n that_o be_o damnify_v which_o i_o submit_v to_o judgement_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v debate_v be_v concerning_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v and_o in_o that_o propound_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v against_o a_o man_n who_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n and_o stand_v mute_a be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o not_o this_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v be_v that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v press_v to_o death_n which_o be_v use_v in_o such_o case_n where_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n upon_o matter_n evident_a and_o provable_a for_o in_o case_n of_o a_o appeal_n this_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v nor_o do_v it_o hold_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n and_o thereupon_o stand_v mute_a in_o such_o case_n say_v the_o statutâ—_n of_o westminst._n 1._o cap._n 12._o solent_fw-la mise_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr prison_n fort_fw-fr and_o dure_v etc._n etc._n that_o be_v they_o shall_v have_v strong_a and_o hard_a imprisonment_n by_o the_o way_n i_o shall_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n do_v not_o extent_n to_o pain_n but_o only_o to_o fort_n and_o dure_v to_o hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n and_o therefore_o since_o that_o law_n i_o can_v understand_v the_o ground_n or_o reason_n of_o that_o cruel_a and_o heavy_a judgement_n which_o be_v give_v in_o such_o case_n hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o a_o offender_n according_a to_o that_o law_n without_o press_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n by_o famine_n and_o cold_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v those_o word_n to_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o admitr_a the_o law_n be_v such_o i_o shall_v that_o all_o may_v understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n before_o i_o go_v any_o further_o let_v you_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o what_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o be_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o 2_o part_n of_o his_o institute_n fol._n 177._o upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v mute_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o when_o he_o stand_v mute_a without_o speak_v of_o any_o thing_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v inquire_v whether_o he_o stand_v mute_o of_o malice_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n then_o to_o proceed_v and_o the_o judge_n to_o make_v inquiry_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o all_o plea_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o stand_v mute_o and_o the_o word_n of_o malice_n be_v remarkable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v the_o prisoner_n in_o truth_n can_v speak_v and_o yet_o be_v not_o mute_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n he_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o put_v to_o his_o penance_n as_o if_o the_o delinquent_n cut_v out_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o thereby_o become_v mute_a another_o kind_n of_o mute_n be_v when_o the_o prisoner_n can_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o plead_v not_o guilty_a or_o plead_v a_o plea_n in_o law_n and_o will_v not_o conclude_v to_o the_o enquest_n according_a to_o the_o foresay_a act_n or_o speak_v much_o but_o do_v not_o direct_o answer_v etc._n etc._n to_o be_v short_a when_o in_o the_o end_n he_o will_v not_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o enquest_n that_o be_v de_fw-la bono_fw-la and_o malo_fw-la to_o be_v try_v by_o god_n and_o the_o country_n then_o the_o foresay_a act_n be_v sufficient_a warrant_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v evident_a or_o probable_a to_o put_v he_o to_o his_o penance_n but_o if_o he_o demur_v in_o law_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o he_o shall_v have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v so_o if_o he_o challenge_v above_o the_o number_n of_o 36._o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v and_o not_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v i_o shall_v not_o inquire_v what_o the_o common_a law_n be_v before_o the_o make_v the_o say_a statute_n whether_o the_o prisoner_n then_o stade_v mute_a shall_v be_v hang_v as_o some_o hold_v and_o as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o as_o they_o say_v in_o case_n of_o appeal_n or_o whether_o then_o in_o favour_n of_o life_n he_o shall_v neither_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v nor_o have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v but_o to_o be_v remand_v to_o prison_n until_o he_o will_v answer_v according_a
to_o other_o but_o the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v what_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o foresay_a act_n call_v fort_n and_o dure_v be_v and_o than_o what_o the_o reason_n shall_v be_v that_o so_o severe_a a_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o that_o case_n and_o then_o we_o may_v easy_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n the_o judgement_n be_v that_o the_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v be_v remand_v to_o the_o prison_n and_o lay_v there_o in_o some_o low_a and_o dark_a house_n where_o they_o shall_v lie_v naked_a on_o the_o bare_a earth_n without_o any_o litter_n rush_n or_o other_o clothing_n and_o without_o any_o garment_n about_o they_o but_o something_o to_o cover_v their_o privy_a part_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v lie_v upon_o their_o back_n their_o head_n uncover_v and_o their_o foot_n and_o one_o arm_n shall_v be_v draw_v to_o one_o quarter_n of_o the_o house_n with_o a_o cord_n and_o the_o other_o arm_n to_o another_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n shall_v be_v do_v with_o their_o leg_n and_o there_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o their_o body_n iron_n and_o stone_n so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v bear_v and_o more_o and_o the_o next_o day_n follow_v they_o shall_v have_v three_o morsel_n of_o barley_n bread_n without_o any_o drink_n and_o the_o second_o day_n they_o shall_v drink_v thrice_o of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o house_n of_o the_o prison_n except_o run_v water_n without_o any_o bread_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v their_o diet_n until_o they_o be_v dead_a well_o may_v my_o lord_n cook_n style_v it_o as_o he_o do_v after_o a_o strange_a and_o stupendous_a punishment_n for_o when_o i_o first_o read_v it_o i_o be_v even_o amaze_v and_o astonish_v at_o it_o that_o such_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v among_o christian_n much_o more_o among_o protestant_n strict_a professor_n of_o christianity_n put_v to_o death_n with_o such_o aggravation_n of_o torture_n and_o misery_n be_v rare_o to_o be_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o except_o among_o heathen_n turk_n and_o infidel_n here_o be_v a_o die_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n though_o all_o but_o one_o death_n which_o will_v at_o last_o nonplus_n tyranny_n and_o put_v a_o period_n to_o all_o such_o like_a torture_n onere_fw-la fame_n and_o frigore_fw-la by_o weight_n famine_n and_o cold_a and_o therefore_o say_v my_o lord_n cook_n this_o punishment_n if_o it_o be_v execute_v according_a to_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o grievous_a and_o fearful_a i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n nor_o will_v i_o for_o all_o the_o world_n of_o any_o man_n suffering_n in_o that_o kind_n though_o it_o be_v every_o year_n experience_n of_o some_o man_n undergo_n that_o death_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v according_a to_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n too_o for_o it_o lie_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n much_o less_o of_o the_o executioner_n any_o way_n to_o lessen_v or_o mitigate_v it_o after_o judgement_n past_a but_o now_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o heavy_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o foresay_a act_n because_o he_o refuse_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o due_a trial_n according_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o his_o punishment_n for_o this_o contumacy_n without_o comparison_n be_v more_o severe_a last_a and_o grievous_a than_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o felony_n itself_o and_o for_o the_o felony_n itself_o it_o can_v be_v adjudge_v without_o answer_n a_o very_o strange_a thing_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v suffer_v ten_o fold_n more_o for_o his_o wilful_a obstinacy_n in_o refuse_v to_o put_v himself_o upon_o a_o legal_a trial_n than_o he_o shall_v for_o his_o crime_n or_o offence_n which_o be_v a_o hundredfold_o great_a more_o for_o the_o lesser_a than_o the_o great_a offence_n more_o for_o contumacy_n than_o murder_n the_o punishment_n ought_v to_o agree_v and_o to_o hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o offence_n and_o not_o to_o exceed_v it_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v that_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o his_o offence_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o be_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v punish_v secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o offence_n but_o certain_o here_o be_v not_o the_o least_o equality_n or_o proportion_n between_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o punishment_n contumacy_n the_o offence_n press_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n the_o punishment_n it_o be_v true_a that_o god_n have_v genes_n 9_o 6._o command_v the_o murderer_n blood_n to_o be_v shed_v by_o man_n the_o murderer_n not_o the_o thief_n and_o thereby_o enstate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n on_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n not_o only_o permit_v he_o and_o make_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o punish_v such_o malefactor_n but_o command_v and_o require_v he_o so_o to_o do_v as_o his_o minister_n to_o execute_v wrath_n for_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o bear_v the_o sword_n in_o vain_a but_o this_o commission_n be_v not_o give_v to_o he_o absolute_o and_o arbitrary_o to_o use_v as_o he_o list_v though_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o murderer_n life_n yet_o he_o have_v no_o rule_n nor_o warrant_n to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o cruel_a and_o exquisite_a torture_n and_o torment_n that_o be_v praeter_fw-la mandatum_fw-la beside_o the_o command_n mercy_n be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n and_o even_o the_o very_a sum_n and_o body_n of_o the_o scripture_n therefore_o tyranny_n must_v needs_o be_v against_o the_o mind_n and_o will_n of_o god_n religion_n and_o christianity_n take_v away_o man_n life_n by_o cruel_a torture_n be_v diabolical_a and_o heathenish_a it_o be_v the_o devil_n part_n to_o torture_v and_o torment_n and_o it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n for_o wild_a beast_n to_o be_v cruel_a but_o that_o homo_fw-la homini_fw-la daemon_n one_o man_n shall_v act_n the_o part_n of_o the_o devil_n with_o another_o or_o that_o christian_n shall_v be_v cruel_a this_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o education_n and_o profession_n the_o magistrate_n for_o prevention_n of_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n may_v severe_o punish_v and_o correct_v yea_o and_o in_o some_o case_n take_v away_o the_o life_n too_o but_o not_o tyrannical_o barbarity_n and_o inhumanity_n suit_v not_o with_o magistracy_n the_o prophet_n david_n call_v magistrate_n god_n and_o certain_o they_o approach_v then_o near_a to_o the_o deity_n when_o they_o show_v mercy_n questionless_a it_o be_v a_o high_a and_o great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o torture_v of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n by_o that_o most_o cruel_a death_n of_o the_o cross_n but_o to_o this_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o that_o be_v whole_o unjust_a in_o the_o jew_n not_o so_o here_o because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n of_o justice_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o no_o case_n just_a to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n by_o linger_a and_o cruel_a torture_n this_o turn_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n into_o sin_n and_o make_v the_o law_n itself_o unlawful_a but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v the_o party_n own_o fault_n that_o he_o stand_v mute_a and_o will_v not_o plead_v to_o be_v try_v and_o volenti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_fw-la injuria_fw-la see_v he_o will_v so_o suffer_v there_o be_v no_o injury_n do_v he_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v pity_v to_o this_o i_o say_v let_v he_o suffer_v death_n for_o this_o his_o obstinacy_n as_o he_o shall_v if_o he_o have_v be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v if_o we_o believe_v some_o before_o the_o foresay_a statute_n which_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n equal_a to_o the_o high_a crime_n or_o offence_n whatsoever_o against_o man_n but_o let_v this_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a law_n of_o paine_n fort_n and_o dure_v be_v take_v away_o and_o expunge_v out_o of_o our_o book_n never_o to_o be_v revive_v silence_n may_v contract_v guilt_n but_o ought_v not_o so_o to_o aggravate_v punishment_n and_o certain_o a_o man_n folly_n or_o obstinacy_n will_v not_o excuse_v or_o extenuate_v the_o magistrate_n cruelty_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v pass_v by_o that_o gracious_a and_o merciful_a act_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n which_o have_v take_v away_o that_o barbarous_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n of_o quarter_n of_o man_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o doubtless_o this_o law_n if_o strict_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v as_o tyrannical_a if_o not_o more_o than_o the_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o take_v away_o this_o as_o that_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o after_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o
have_v any_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a branch_n of_o law_n it_o be_v just_a to_o take_v they_o away_o to_o lop_v they_o off_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v thrive_v the_o better_a and_o if_o that_o flourish_n certain_o lawyer_n must_v thrive_v too_o and_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n as_o ever_o for_o no_o live_n without_o law_n and_o no_o better_a or_o more_o just_a law_n in_o the_o general_a in_o the_o world_n than_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n he_o approve_v the_o use_n that_o labour_v to_o take_v away_o the_o abuse_n nor_o be_o i_o single_a or_o alone_a in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o i_o some_o have_v go_v before_o i_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o other_o will_v follow_v in_o a_o work_n of_o so_o great_a consequence_n and_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o common_a good_a but_o not_o to_o hold_v you_o too_o long_o in_o a_o epistle_n where_o the_o work_n be_v but_o short_a if_o any_o notwithstanding_o what_o i_o have_v say_v shall_v be_v offend_v with_o i_o it_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v i_o for_o i_o be_o resolve_v to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o common_a good_a while_o those_o man_n seek_v their_o own_o good_a only_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la respublica_fw-la only_o i_o shall_v subscribe_v myself_o the_o faithful_a friend_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n j._n march_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a question_n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o descent_n or_o gift_n shall_v have_v the_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n pag._n 2._o 2._o tenant_n in_o tail_n with_o remainder_n over_o suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n whether_o this_o in_o law_n or_o conscience_n aught_o to_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o remainder_n over_o pag._n 7._o 3._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n conscience_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o arrest_v man_n person_n and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n for_o debt_n pag._n 35._o 4._o whether_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n as_o the_o practice_n be_v there_o be_v not_o a_o very_a great_a grievance_n and_o burden_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n pag._n 55._o 5._o whether_o collateral_a warranty_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o no_o pag._n 68_o 6._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o any_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v nought_o and_o avoid_v at_o any_o time_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a double_a plea_n departure_n or_o any_o other_o defect_n whatsoever_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n itself_o sufficient_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n for_o which_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v pag._n 74._o 7._o whether_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o tedious_a and_o long_a conveyance_n now_o in_o use_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o not_o pag._n 85._o 8._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n and_o short_o after_o marriage_n happen_v shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n or_o not_o pag._n 92._o 9_o whether_o trial_n by_o jury_n as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o use_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a or_o not_o pag._n 99_o 10._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n or_o reason_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o life_n for_o theft_n and_o shall_v incur_v so_o great_a a_o forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n as_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o his_o blood_n pag._n 105._o 11._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o their_o debt_n pag._n 112._o 12._o whether_o clergy_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n or_o no_o pag._n 117._o 13._o whether_o the_o law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o suff_v death_n for_o manslaughter_n be_v not_o against_o the_o word_n of_o god_n pag._n 122._o 14._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v counsel_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n pag._n 126._o 15._o whether_o action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n be_v mere_a contentious_a suit_n aught_o in_o reason_n or_o conscience_n to_o be_v so_o much_o countenance_v as_o they_o be_v pag._n 129._o 16._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o action_n personal_a shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n pag._n 134._o 17._o whether_o the_o law_n of_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v against_o a_o man_n who_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n and_o stand_v mute_a be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o not_o pag._n 137._o 18._o whether_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n wreck_v at_o sea_n be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n or_o not_o pag._n 150._o 19_o good_a advice_n in_o case_n of_o make_v last_o will_n and_o testament_n pag._n 155._o amicus_fw-la rei-publicae_fw-la the_o commonwealth_n friend_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v purpose_v to_o discisse_fw-la or_o treat_v of_o be_v touch_v he_o that_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n and_o his_o dispose_n thereof_o and_o therein_o i_o shall_v only_o propound_v this_o short_a question_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o descent_n or_o gift_n shall_v have_v the_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o he_o may_v dispose_v of_o the_o whole_a at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o that_o a_o condition_n annex_v to_o restrain_v he_o from_o it_o be_v nought_o for_o it_o be_v against_o the_o absolute_a purity_n of_o a_o fee-simple_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o alien_n it_o litt._n sect._n 360._o for_o if_o such_o condition_n shall_v be_v good_a say_v litt._n than_o it_o oust_v he_o of_o all_o the_o power_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o which_o shall_v be_v against_o reason_n and_o therefore_o the_o condition_n be_v void_a but_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v such_o that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v not_o alien_a to_o such_o a_o one_o name_v his_o name_n or_o to_o any_o of_o his_o heir_n or_o of_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o a_o one_o etc._n etc._n or_o the_o like_a which_o condition_n do_v not_o take_v away_o all_o the_o power_n of_o alienation_n such_o condition_n be_v good_a another_o reason_n that_o such_o condition_n be_v nought_o be_v because_o that_o he_o who_o have_v depart_v with_o all_o his_o estate_n to_o another_o and_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o reverter_n may_v not_o in_o reason_n annex_v such_o a_o condition_n to_o restrain_v the_o feoffee_n or_o alienee_n from_o such_o alienation_n this_o i_o allow_v to_o be_v the_o law_n yet_o i_o beseech_v you_o give_v but_o leave_v to_o examine_v these_o thing_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o judge_v according_a to_o that_o which_o may_v make_v most_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o then_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v think_v very_o hard_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n i_o intend_v this_o only_a of_o a_o fee-simple_n descend_v from_o a_o ancestor_n to_o another_o or_o of_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o in_o case_n where_o a_o man_n through_o his_o own_o labour_n and_o industry_n have_v purchase_v such_o a_o inheritance_n it_o seem_v more_o reasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o it_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o he_o who_o buy_v may_v sell_v but_o where_o land_n descend_v to_o i_o or_o be_v give_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n in_o such_o case_n for_o i_o to_o rob_v my_o heir_n of_o all_o that_o i_o never_o labour_v for_o and_o to_o give_v it_o to_o a_o stranger_n seem_v to_o i_o unreasonable_a i_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a seem_v unreasonable_a but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o dispose_v 2_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v with_o reason_n so_o he_o leave_v the_o three_o part_n to_o descend_v for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v utter_o unable_a to_o make_v a_o jointure_n for_o his_o wife_n to_o advance_v his_o child_n in_o marriage_n or_o to_o pay_v his_o debt_n all_o which_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o do_v therefore_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o fetter_v and_o bind_v in_o
make_n of_o this_o stat._n be_v apparent_a estate_n now_o by_o force_n of_o that_o stat._n call_v intail_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n fee-simple_n conditional_a so_o that_o a_o man_n have_v such_o a_o estate_n before_o this_o stat._n have_v power_n after_o issue_n have_v to_o alien_n and_o by_o that_o to_o bar_v the_o issue_n and_o likewise_o he_o in_o reversion_n and_o this_o be_v say_v by_o the_o stat._n express_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o giver_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n express_v in_o the_o gift_n and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a mischief_n at_o the_o common_a law_n then_o come_v this_o stat._n and_o provide_v against_o the_o say_a mischief_n that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o such_o donee_n in_o tail_n shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o alien_a to_o bar_v their_o issue_n or_o he_o in_o reversion_n now_o certain_o the_o best_a way_n of_o argument_n be_v upon_o the_o law_n itself_o and_o that_o be_v pregnant_a and_o plain_a that_o the_o donee_n after_o this_o stat._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alien_a to_o bar_v his_o issue_n or_o he_o in_o reversion_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o to_o what_o end_n be_v this_o stat._n if_o notwithstanding_o a_o donee_n in_o tail_n may_v by_o a_o recovery_n bar_v his_o issue_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n certain_o have_v any_o such_o thing_n be_v know_v then_o as_o a_o recovery_n it_o will_v have_v be_v provide_v against_o as_o well_o as_o a_o fine_a or_o otherwise_o a_o man_n may_v well_o question_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o applause_n by_o our_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n the_o law_n hate_v vain_a and_o unprofitable_a thing_n and_o have_v recovery_n be_v know_v then_o and_o not_o provide_v against_o certain_o no_o law_n can_v be_v more_o vain_a and_o unprofitable_a but_o now_o to_o come_v to_o marie_n portingtons_n case_n in_o cook_n ten_o book_n where_o this_o case_n be_v large_o debate_v there_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o original_a of_o these_o common_a recovery_n there_o by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o they_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o invent_v till_o 12._o e._n 4._o taltarum_n case_n that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n to_o which_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o judgement_n give_v that_o judgement_n give_v against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n with_o voucher_n and_o recompense_n in_o value_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n notwithstanding_o the_o say_a act_n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o be_v the_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v in_o such_o case_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n to_o have_v in_o value_n bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n though_o that_o no_o recompense_n be_v have_v and_o this_o they_o say_v be_v law_n in_o e._n 3._o time_n for_o which_o they_o cite_v these_o book_n but_o here_o observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o those_o recovery_n be_v not_o invent_v before_o that_o time_n as_o themselves_o do_v agree_v and_o of_o what_o validity_n such_o new_a invention_n can_v be_v against_o a_o stat._n express_o against_o any_o alienation_n in_o such_o case_n let_v any_o rational_a man_n judge_v but_o for_o the_o case_n they_o have_v cite_v 15._o e._n 3._o tit._n brief_a 324._o by_o recovery_n in_o value_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v bar_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o formdon_n of_o the_o land_n so_o recover_v in_o value_n with_o which_o agree_v 42._o e._n 3._o 53._o and_o 44._o e._n 3._o 21_o 22._o octavian_n lombard_n case_n tenant_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n charge_n to_o one_o who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o land_n in_o tail_n for_o a_o release_n it_o shall_v bind_v the_o issue_n 48._o e._n 3._o 11._o b._n jeffrey_n bencher_n case_n recovery_n in_o value_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v bind_v the_o tail_n and_o a_o formdon_n lie_v of_o the_o land_n recover_v in_o value_n with_o which_o agree_v 1._o e._n 4._o fol._n 5._o 5._o e._n 4._o 2._o 6._o for_o these_o book_n thus_o cite_v that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n and_o of_o a_o real_a not_o a_o feign_a recompense_n for_o they_o all_o agree_v that_o a_o formdon_n will_v lie_v of_o the_o land_n recover_v in_o value_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o a_o feign_a and_o pretence_a recompense_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o any_o man_n whether_o ever_o he_o hear_v of_o any_o action_n bring_v upon_o such_o recovery_n in_o value_n as_o recovery_n be_v now_o use_v be_v they_o not_o become_v the_o common_a course_n and_o common_a way_n of_o conveyance_n for_o to_o bar_v estate_n in_o tail_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o remainder_n without_o any_o possibility_n or_o expectance_n of_o recompense_n in_o value_n and_o do_v not_o the_o judge_n say_v before_o that_o it_o shall_v bind_v be_v it_o upon_o good_a title_n or_o not_o and_o though_o that_o no_o recompense_n be_v have_v so_o that_o a_o pretence_a recompense_n by_o they_o must_v carry_v away_o a_o clear_a title_n and_o defeat_v the_o stat._n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o donor_n so_o that_o i_o do_v conceive_v notwithstanding_o those_o book_n that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n be_v not_o till_o 12._o e._n 4._o taltarum_n case_n and_o the_o case_n of_o octavian_n lombard_n before_o cite_v agree_v with_o this_o difference_n between_o a_o real_a and_o a_o feign_a recompense_n for_o i_o do_v agree_v that_o a_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n and_o a_o real_a recompense_n will_v bar_v the_o estate_n tail_n the_o case_n of_o lombard_n that_o a_o grant_n of_o a_o rent_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n to_o one_o that_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o land_n entail_v shall_v bar_v the_o issue_n be_v without_o question_n good_a law_n for_o this_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o estate_n tail_n and_o this_o be_v no_o feign_a but_o a_o real_a recompense_n not_o so_o in_o our_o case_n beside_o suppose_v those_o book_n shall_v be_v intend_v as_o i_o conceive_v they_o can_v of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n can_v any_o man_n say_v that_o any_o use_n or_o custom_n be_v good_a against_o a_o stat._n have_v such_o feign_a recovery_n be_v in_o use_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o stat._n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o which_o no_o man_n do_v or_o can_v say_v somewhat_o more_o may_v have_v be_v say_v for_o they_o but_o be_v invent_v after_o it_o can_v be_v with_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o force_n to_o frustrate_v yea_o and_o nul_fw-fr upon_o the_o matter_n the_o stat._n make_v before_o and_o certain_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o maker_n of_o that_o law_n will_v have_v provide_v against_o this_o mischief_n as_o well_o as_o fine_n have_v such_o recovery_n be_v then_o in_o be_v for_o otherwise_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a be_v that_o law_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n again_o by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o common_a recovery_n in_o marie_n portingtons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o such_o recovery_n be_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n mark_v and_o brand_v with_o the_o blemish_n of_o fiction_n and_o falsity_n as_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o 34._o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o they_o be_v style_v feign_v and_o untrue_a recovery_n and_o so_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o 11._o h._n 7._o cap._n 20._o 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 31._o and_o 14._o el._n cap._n 8._o they_o be_v name_v covinous_a and_o have_v by_o collusion_n and_o therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n against_o such_o feign_a and_o false_a and_o covinous_a recovery_n to_o this_o objection_n and_o these_o stat._n this_o answer_n be_v give_v and_o first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o common_a recovery_n be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n which_o support_v the_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n in_o the_o state_n that_o be_v reader_n they_o must_v unjust_o because_o contrary_a to_o the_o stat._n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n take_v away_o one_o man_n inheritance_n and_o establish_v or_o settle_v it_o in_o another_o and_o this_o be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o inheritance_n but_o to_o the_o statute_n for_o that_o of_o 34._o h._n 8._o it_o be_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o king_n to_o his_o servant_n and_o subject_n for_o to_o encourage_v other_o and_o their_o issue_n and_o therefore_o recovery_n suffer_v by_o such_o tenant_n in_o tail_n be_v well_o tax_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v feign_v and_o untrue_a because_o they_o
do_v take_v away_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v so_o term_v by_o that_o stat._n not_o in_o relation_n only_o to_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o king_n intention_n but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o in_o themselves_o feign_v and_o untrue_a beside_o be_v they_o so_o term_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o defeat_v why_o where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o same_o law_n and_o in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o the_o apparent_a intention_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o his_o gift_n defeat_v by_o such_o recovery_n contrary_a to_o the_o stat._n which_o say_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v be_v observe_v but_o it_o be_v further_a say_v in_o that_o case_n that_o confirmat_fw-la usum_fw-la qui_fw-la tollit_fw-la abusum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o bar_n in_o that_o case_n before_o that_o act_n of_o 34._o h._n 8._o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a certain_o if_o it_o be_v a_o abuse_n in_o the_o king_n case_n it_o be_v no_o other_o in_o a_o common_a person_n and_o it_o be_v very_o happy_a if_o a_o act_n be_v likewise_o make_v against_o they_o in_o our_o case_n that_o we_o may_v not_o have_v they_o know_v for_o the_o future_a for_o the_o stat._n of_o 11._o h._n 7._o when_o a_o woman_n advance_v by_o the_o husband_n with_o a_o competent_a jointure_n in_o tail_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n to_o bar_v the_o issue_n this_o may_v well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o covin._n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o weigh_v the_o case_n in_o the_o balance_n of_o reason_n and_o then_o judge_v whether_o they_o differ_v or_o no_o be_v it_o not_o as_o much_o covinous_a for_o any_o tenant_n in_o tail_n who_o take_v such_o estate_n to_o he_o and_o his_o issue_n to_o disherit_v his_o issue_n by_o such_o recovery_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a stat._n for_o the_o stat._n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o and_o 34._o el._n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n against_o tenant_n for_o life_n it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v covinous_a and_o by_o collusion_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o certain_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v as_o much_o of_o injustice_n covin_z and_o collusion_n by_o suffer_v such_o common_a recovery_n as_o in_o any_o of_o the_o former_a further_o it_o be_v say_v by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o these_o recovery_n that_o that_o opinion_n that_o a_o common_a recovery_n can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o condition_n or_o limitation_n be_v new_a and_o of_o late_a invention_n and_o never_o hear_v before_o sir_n anthony_n mildmaye_v case_n 6._o rep._n fol._n 40._o for_o it_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v restrain_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n 17._o el._n dyer_n fol._n 342._o 343._o and_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o scholasticas_fw-la case_n 12._o e._n com._n 403._o the_o say_a point_n of_o restraint_n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n be_v never_o move_v here_o observe_v reader_n another_o new_a invention_n that_o these_o recovery_n can_v be_v restrain_v by_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n so_o that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o a_o power_n give_v to_o support_v these_o recovery_n though_o against_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o stat._n and_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n that_o no_o human_a invention_n can_v prevent_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o nothing_o be_v speak_v to_o it_o by_o those_o who_o argue_v the_o case_n and_o so_o no_o authority_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o certain_o have_v the_o law_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v such_o that_o such_o recovery_n can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o condition_n it_o will_v have_v be_v then_o urge_v which_o rather_o conclude_v on_o this_o part_n as_o to_o scholasticas_fw-la case_n all_o that_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v be_v this_o he_o much_o respect_v the_o reporter_n and_o attribute_n due_a honour_n and_o reverence_n to_o the_o judge_n but_o amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la though_o that_o it_o be_v not_o then_o think_v on_o by_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o that_o time_n yet_o my_o lord_n cook_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v law_n and_o prefer_v his_o opinion_n which_o he_o call_v truth_n which_o truth_n so_o call_v appear_v to_o be_v only_o a_o new_a invention_n before_o the_o contrary_a suppose_a law_n of_o that_o time_n and_o it_o be_v further_a say_v in_o portingtons_n case_n that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v hear_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o legal_a pillar_n of_o common_a assurance_n of_o land_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o say_v that_o at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o q._n e._n in_o vernon_n and_o herbert_n case_n debate_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n hoord_n counsel_n with_o vernon_n invay_v against_o these_o recovery_n who_o be_v then_o reprove_v by_o dyer_n ch._n just_a of_o the_o common_a plea_n who_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o worthy_a to_o be_v of_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o law_n who_o dare_v speak_v against_o common_a recovery_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o assurance_n of_o inheritance_n and_o found_v upon_o great_a reason_n and_o authority_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la omnis_fw-la capit_fw-la hoc_fw-la verbum_fw-la by_o this_o you_o may_v easy_o judge_v what_o most_o support_v this_o assurance_n for_o if_o lawyer_n must_v be_v silence_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o common_a recovery_n pass_v for_o law_n i_o know_v i_o shall_v not_o pass_v uncensured_a as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o hoard_v case_n will_v be_v i_o with_o advantage_n but_o it_o shall_v not_o at_o all_o disturb_v my_o rest_n for_o have_v truth_n of_o my_o side_n i_o care_v not_o who_o be_v against_o i_o and_o certain_o that_o councillor_n that_o be_v a_o councillor_n of_o the_o law_n deserve_v the_o sharp_a reproof_n and_o since_o non_fw-la omnis_fw-la capit_fw-la hoc_fw-la verbum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v before_o let_v i_o not_o be_v rebuke_v without_o reason_n and_o if_o any_o one_o can_v convince_v i_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v with_o all_o humility_n submit_v to_o his_o judgement_n last_o it_o be_v say_v that_o d._n 8._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o approve_v common_a recovery_n to_o bind_v as_o well_o in_o conscience_n as_o in_o law_n for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v that_o the_o better_a opinion_n there_o be_v against_o they_o and_o so_o i_o believe_v any_o man_n will_v judge_v that_o shall_v read_v the_o chapter_n i_o shall_v faithful_o recite_v the_o dispute_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o judgement_n and_o therein_o first_o the_o manner_n and_o practice_n of_o suffer_v such_o recovery_n the_o demandant_n shall_v suppose_v in_o his_o writ_n and_o declaration_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n have_v no_o entry_n but_o by_o such_o a_o stranger_n where_o neither_o the_o demandant_n nor_o the_o say_a stranger_n never_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o land_n whereupon_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v appear_v and_o by_o assent_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v vouch_v the_o 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for_o the_o one_o as_o for_o the_o other_o for_o the_o tail_n be_v create_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o most_o high_a court_n in_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o disannul_n thereof_o be_v by_o a_o covinous_a recovery_n upon_o false_a supposal_n here_o you_o have_v truth_n clothe_v in_o plain_a language_n then_o as_o to_o another_o objection_n viz._n communis_fw-la error_fw-la facit_fw-la jus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o a_o custom_n use_v against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n in_o some_o country_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o law_n if_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v suffer_v so_o to_o continue_v it_o but_o these_o recovery_n although_o they_o have_v be_v long_o use_v have_v always_o be_v speak_v against_o reader_n observe_v that_o who_o ever_o thou_o be_v and_o then_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o can_v just_o be_v blame_v nor_o need_v i_o care_v to_o write_v against_o that_o which_o have_v be_v always_o speak_v against_o also_o this_o custom_n can_v have_v no_o lawful_a 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by_o alienation_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o dispute_n with_o a_o rule_n or_o two_o in_o law_n and_o first_o the_o stat._n say_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n must_v be_v observe_v in_o his_o gift_n which_o stand_v with_o the_o reason_n and_o rule_v of_o the_o law_n for_o cujus_fw-la est_fw-la dare_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la disponere_fw-la a_o man_n must_v take_v the_o gift_n with_o those_o qualification_n condition_n or_o limitation_n that_o the_o donor_n be_v please_v to_o annex_v to_o it_o and_o can_v alter_v it_o if_o so_o what_o become_v of_o common_a recovery_n or_o how_o in_o law_n or_o reason_n can_v the_o donee_n in_o tail_n disherit_z his_o issue_n note_v much_o less_o stranger_n in_o remainder_n as_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a._n in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o b._n in_o tail_n etc._n etc._n if_o a._o suffer_v a_o recovery_n this_o not_o only_o bind_v his_o issue_n but_o he_o in_o remainder_n likewise_o which_o be_v extreme_a hard_a and_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n itself_o shall_v allow_v a_o stranger_n to_o do_v a_o act_n to_o my_o prejudice_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o res_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la actae_fw-la alteri_fw-la nocere_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la other_o man_n action_n ought_v not_o to_o prejudiee_n a_o three_o person_n how_o then_o can_v that_o stand_v with_o this_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o bar_v he_o in_o remainder_n by_o a_o recovery_n another_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la nostrum_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la facto_fw-la vel_fw-la defectu_fw-la nostro_fw-la amitti_fw-la seu_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la transferri_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la we_o can_v lose_v what_o be_v we_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v give_v from_o we_o without_o our_o own_o act_n or_o default_n how_o then_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o this_o rule_n that_o he_o in_o remainder_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o such_o recovery_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o wait_v the_o parliament_n leisure_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o will_n in_o due_a time_n be_v alter_v the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o be_v concerning_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n person_n for_o debt_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propose_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n conscience_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o arrest_v man_n person_n and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n for_o debt_n i_o know_v this_o be_v a_o case_n in_o which_o many_o man_n have_v vent_v their_o judgement_n in_o public_a and_o it_o have_v not_o be_v without_o a_o solemn_a debate_n too_o in_o the_o parliament_n so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o less_o for_o i_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v but_o short_a in_o it_o what_o reason_n induce_v the_o parliament_n to_o continue_v this_o law_n i_o know_v not_o nor_o be_v it_o for_o i_o to_o examine_v however_o i_o beseech_v you_o let_v it_o not_o be_v take_v amiss_o that_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n in_o it_o and_o leave_v they_o to_o better_a judgement_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v examine_v what_o the_o old_a law_n be_v and_o when_o and_o how_o this_o law_n of_o imprisonment_n of_o person_n for_o debt_n creep_v in_o for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v always_o use_v in_o england_n and_o i_o may_v say_v in_o few_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o where_o it_o be_v in_o use_n there_o be_v care_v take_v that_o they_o do_v not_o perish_v in_o prison_n for_o want_n of_o necessary_a sustenance_n but_o they_o and_o their_o family_n to_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o if_o they_o have_v none_o the_o perverse_a and_o cruel_a creditor_n be_v to_o maintain_v they_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a estate_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o food_n as_o they_o do_v common_o in_o england_n the_o body_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o execution_n for_o debt_n at_o common_a law_n for_o which_o see_v 13._o h._n 4._o 1._o but_o his_o good_n chattel_n and_o corn_n etc._n etc._n by_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la or_o levari_fw-la facias_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o w._n 2._o by_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la after_o the_o year_n and_o by_o w._n 2._o cap._n 18._o a_o elegit_fw-la be_v give_v of_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o first_o act_n which_o subject_v land_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o a_o judgement_n but_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v the_o preserver_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o land_n abhor_v all_o force_n as_o the_o capital_a enemy_n to_o it_o and_o therefore_o against_o those_o who_o commit_v any_o force_n the_o common_a law_n subject_v their_o body_n to_o imprisonment_n which_o be_v the_o high_a execution_n by_o which_o they_o lose_v their_o liberty_n till_o they_o have_v make_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o party_n and_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o in_o all_o action_n quare_fw-la vi_fw-la et_fw-la armis_fw-la a_fw-la capias_fw-la lie_v and_o where_o a_o capias_fw-la lie_v in_o process_n there_o after_o judgement_n a_o capias_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la lie_v and_o there_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o capias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_fw-la then_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o marlebridge_n 23._o and_o w._n 2._o cap._n 11._o capias_fw-la be_v give_v in_o a_o account_n for_o at_o common_a law_n the_o process_n in_o a_o account_n be_v distress_n infinite_a and_o after_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o cap._n 7._o the_o like_a process_n be_v give_v in_o debt_n as_o in_o account_n for_o before_o this_o stat._n the_o body_n of_o
the_o defendant_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o execution_n for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_v aforesaid_a all_o which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o my_o lord_n cook_n 3._o book_n sir_n william_n harbert_n case_n here_o you_o see_v the_o original_a of_o the_o arrest_n of_o man_n body_n and_o take_v of_o they_o in_o execution_n for_o debt_n which_o be_v by_o force_n of_o those_o few_o but_o ruinous_a destructive_a word_n in_o 25._o e._n 3._o like_o process_n in_o debt_n as_o in_o account_n these_o few_o word_n have_v ruin_v many_o and_o almost_o numberless_a person_n and_o family_n who_o have_v they_o not_o be_v cloister_v up_o in_o prison_n may_v have_v live_v to_o have_v get_v estate_n and_o to_o have_v be_v able_a to_o discharge_v a_o good_a conscience_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o debt_n and_o provide_v for_o their_o family_n for_o the_o process_n by_o way_n of_o capias_fw-la or_o attach_v of_o the_o person_n for_o debt_n i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v to_o i_o if_o you_o will_v have_v that_o course_n take_v away_o what_o other_o will_v you_o provide_v convenient_a for_o gain_v of_o our_o debt_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o which_o i_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a in_o reason_n and_o which_o have_v be_v already_o propose_v to_o the_o parliament_n be_v by_o way_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o original_a in_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v and_o upon_o that_o if_o no_o appearance_n be_v to_o have_v liberty_n to_o proceed_v with_o all_o vigour_n and_o to_o have_v a_o judgement_n against_o the_o defendant_n for_o not_o appear_v as_o if_o he_o have_v appear_v and_o judgement_n have_v be_v thereupon_o obtain_v against_o he_o only_o this_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o summons_n be_v swear_v to_o as_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o a_o subpoena_n in_o the_o chancery_n before_o there_o be_v any_o further_a proceed_n otherwise_o any_o man_n live_v may_v be_v abuse_v and_o extreme_o suffer_v by_o the_o seizure_n 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scope_n aim_n or_o end_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o such_o execution_n and_o that_o be_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n then_o the_o next_o question_n be_v which_o be_v the_o most_o just_a and_o probable_a way_n to_o attain_v to_o this_o end_n whether_o the_o take_n of_o the_o body_n or_o the_o estate_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o certain_o the_o near_a best_a and_o most_o conscionable_a and_o rational_a way_n to_o attain_v to_o that_o end_n yea_o and_o most_o equal_a too_o be_v by_o seize_v of_o the_o estate_n the_o most_o equal_a it_o be_v certain_o and_o our_o law_n much_o delight_n in_o equality_n for_o it_o be_v not_o equal_a justice_n that_o the_o body_n which_o be_v say_v in_o law_n to_o be_v the_o high_a execution_n and_o so_o without_o doubt_n it_o be_v and_o much_o more_o to_o be_v value_v then_o all_o worldly_a good_n shall_v be_v captivate_v and_o imprison_v for_o any_o worldly_a pelf_n or_o engagement_n whatsoever_o body_n for_o body_n and_o estate_n for_o estate_n be_v the_o most_o equal_a way_n of_o justice_n in_o the_o world_n and_o it_o be_v the_o most_o rational_a the_o ready_a and_o best_a way_n for_o to_o get_v a_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o must_v pay_v it_o at_o last_o if_o ever_o it_o be_v pay_v for_o this_o be_v but_o a_o slender_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o this_o great_a inconvenience_n he_o lie_v under_o that_o take_v the_o body_n in_o execution_n that_o he_o can_v after_o he_o have_v determine_v his_o election_n by_o this_o way_n of_o execution_n during_o his_o life_n take_v hold_v of_o his_o estate_n too_o and_o heretofore_o it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n whether_o if_o the_o party_n die_v in_o execution_n it_o be_v not_o a_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o though_o there_o be_v much_o variety_n of_o opinion_n in_o it_o yet_o certain_o the_o best_a be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n so_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n can_v not_o resort_v afterwards_o to_o or_o take_v out_o execution_n upon_o the_o estate_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v it_o be_v the_o most_o just_a law_n that_o he_o who_o nothing_o but_o the_o body_n can_v satisfy_v shall_v have_v no_o other_o satisfaction_n this_o occasion_v the_o make_n of_o the_o stat._n of_o 21._o of_o king_n james_n which_o provide_v remedy_n against_o the_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o person_n die_v in_o execution_n but_o i_o say_v have_v thus_o determine_v his_o election_n by_o take_v the_o body_n in_o execution_n he_o be_v upon_o this_o great_a disadvantage_n that_o the_o debtor_n estate_n be_v free_a and_o that_o which_o he_o will_v not_o take_v to_o satisfy_v his_o debt_n happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v waste_v and_o consume_v in_o prison_n it_o be_v frequent_a that_o a_o wilful_a creditor_n find_v as_o stubborn_a a_o debtor_n and_o since_o nothing_o will_v satisfy_v he_o but_o the_o body_n he_o must_v take_v that_o for_o satisfaction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o common_a policy_n it_o be_v likewise_o under_o correction_n the_o most_o conscionable_a way_n too_o and_o the_o contrary_a which_o be_v the_o take_n of_o the_o person_n the_o most_o unconscionable_a especial_o as_o it_o have_v be_v practise_v in_o england_n for_o either_o the_o debtor_n have_v a_o estate_n or_o he_o have_v none_o if_o he_o have_v a_o estate_n it_o be_v all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o world_n that_o that_o shall_v be_v responsible_a for_o his_o debt_n if_o he_o have_v none_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unconscionable_a or_o unjust_a than_o to_o keep_v his_o body_n in_o prison_n lex_fw-la non_fw-la cogit_fw-la ad_fw-la impossibilia_fw-la the_o law_n require_v not_o impossibility_n at_o any_o man_n hand_n why_o then_o shall_v one_o man_n so_o exact_a upon_o another_o beside_o this_o render_v a_o man_n utter_o uncapable_a of_o ever_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o by_o this_o he_o be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o all_o possible_a mean_n of_o discharge_v his_o engagement_n whereas_o have_v he_o his_o liberty_n he_o may_v through_o god_n blessing_n upon_o his_o honest_a endeavour_n gain_v sufficient_a not_o only_o to_o satisfy_v his_o debt_n but_o to_o raise_v a_o fortune_n for_o his_o posterity_n but_o this_o will_v not_o digest_v well_o with_o such_o who_o principle_n be_v that_o if_o they_o have_v it_o not_o they_o will_v make_v die_n of_o their_o bone_n a_o say_v that_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o common_a in_o this_o place_n that_o be_v they_o shall_v starve_v and_o perish_v in_o prison_n and_o whether_o this_o be_v not_o mere_a and_o pure_a malice_n in_o such_o man_n let_v all_o the_o world_n judge_n and_o if_o death_n shall_v thereupon_o follow_v as_o too_o too_o often_o god_n know_v it_o do_v i_o shall_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o such_o a_o creditor_n be_v as_o absolute_a a_o murderer_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o what_o make_v murder_n but_o malice_n prepense_a to_o kill_v and_o what_o else_o can_v that_o man_n have_v in_o his_o thought_n who_o resolve_v his_o debtor_n shall_v rot_v and_o die_v in_o prison_n though_o he_o know_v he_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o satisfy_v to_o such_o unmerciful_a pitiless_a cruel_a creditor_n yea_o and_o therein_o most_o cruel_a to_o themselves_o too_o have_v they_o grace_n to_o consider_v it_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o they_o can_v keep_v their_o poor_a creditor_n always_o in_o prison_n death_n will_v at_o the_o length_n take_v pity_n of_o they_o bring_v a_o discharge_n and_o open_v the_o door_n and_o let_v they_o out_o and_o there_o through_o their_o affliction_n work_v they_o to_o true_a and_o unfeigned_a repentance_n and_o amendment_n of_o life_n i_o doubt_v not_o end_v their_o captivity_n but_o let_v these_o take_v heed_n
feoffment_n because_o i_o will_v have_v man_n in_o love_n with_o it_o and_o certain_a i_o be_o it_o will_v be_v best_a for_o all_o man_n except_o lawyer_n who_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v content_v to_o abate_v something_o of_o their_o profit_n to_o serve_v the_o common_a interest_n best_o in_o point_n of_o security_n and_o in_o profit_n only_o add_v this_o to_o it_o that_o a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o bar_n as_o a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n if_o it_o be_v enrol_v and_o five_o year_n pass_v with_o non-claim_v after_o the_o enrolment_a and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a ease_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a but_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o point_n of_o conveyence_v as_o it_o be_v now_o settle_a why_o then_o i_o shall_v humble_o beg_v this_o one_o boon_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o public_a and_o that_o be_v that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o scrivener_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o other_o than_o lawyer_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a make_v or_o draw_v any_o conveyance_n or_o assurance_n in_o law_n whatsoever_o which_o shall_v after_o happen_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v without_o the_o advice_n of_o counsel_n thereupon_o have_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o assurance_n draw_v and_o make_v under_o a_o good_a pain_n or_o penalty_n if_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o contrary_a and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o prevent_v many_o contentious_a suit_n which_o daily_o arise_v upon_o scruple_n and_o question_n out_o of_o such_o conveyance_n draw_v according_a to_o their_o formal_a ignorance_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v dispute_v be_v the_o law_n of_o bastardy_n wherein_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o this_o short_a doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n and_o short_o after_o marriage_n happen_v shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n or_o not_o this_o be_v a_o case_n in_o which_o the_o common-law_n differ_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon-law_n the_o common-law_n say_v that_o such_o a_o child_n be_v a_o bastard_n the_o other_o law_n that_o it_o be_v legitimate_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o reason_n of_o both_o side_n and_o then_o you_o may_v judge_v which_o be_v most_o reasonable_a this_o very_a case_n be_v debate_v by_o fortescue_n cap._n 39_o the_o civilian_n say_v that_o maritagium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la tollit_fw-la peccatum_fw-la precedens_fw-la that_o be_v that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o state_n of_o matrimony_n come_v in_o place_n extinguish_v the_o former_a sin_n whereby_o else_o the_o soul_n of_o two_o person_n shall_v have_v perish_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v say_v they_o that_o they_o be_v at_o their_o first_o copulation_n so_o mind_v as_o the_o marriage_n after_o declare_v the_o canonist_n also_o say_v that_o matrimonium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la legitimos_fw-la facit_fw-la quod_fw-la sacerdotium_fw-la say_v we_o the_o sin_n by_o the_o inter-marriage_n be_v somewhat_o abate_v not_o purge_v or_o take_v away_o and_o beside_o this_o will_v be_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o that_o sin_n and_o a_o encouragement_n to_o it_o if_o such_o child_n shall_v be_v legitimate_a and_o the_o party_n will_v be_v less_o penitent_a because_o so_o favour_v and_o fortescue_n be_v much_o for_o our_o law_n in_o this_o point_n put_v this_o case_n say_v he_o if_o a_o woman_n shall_v have_v two_o child_n of_o two_o fornicator_n and_o the_o one_o marry_v she_o whether_o of_o these_o two_o child_n shall_v be_v by_o this_o marriage_n legitimate_a for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v conceive_v under_o correction_n of_o better_a judgement_n that_o the_o cannon_n and_o civil_a law_n be_v most_o reasonable_a in_o this_o point_n though_o i_o do_v not_o conceive_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v purge_v or_o take_v away_o by_o the_o inter-marriage_n for_o that_o can_v be_v otherwise_o than_o by_o true_a repentance_n for_o the_o sin_n commit_v for_o which_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o great_a sign_n otherwise_o i_o doubt_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v marry_v or_o no_o and_o i_o do_v conceive_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v intend_v that_o they_o resolve_v upon_o marriage_n before_o or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v have_v marry_v after_o man_n usual_o hate_v those_o woman_n they_o have_v carnal_o know_v be_v prick_v in_o conscience_n for_o the_o sin_n commit_v and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o marry_v such_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o former_a tie_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o which_o mitigate_v the_o offence_n and_o make_v they_o perform_v their_o engagement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o who_o in_o such_o case_n will_v so_o marry_v know_v his_o issue_n to_o be_v bastard_n by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o that_o be_v say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o increase_n and_o encouragement_n to_o commit_v that_o sin_n if_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o take_v that_o the_o issue_n shall_v in_o such_o case_n be_v legitimate_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o rather_o conceive_v the_o contrary_a that_o it_o will_v very_o much_o lessen_v and_o abate_v the_o commit_n of_o that_o sin_n for_o it_o will_v make_v they_o the_o rather_o eschew_v it_o and_o take_v up_o resolution_n of_o marriage_n for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v man_n seldom_o marry_v that_o woman_n they_o have_v carnal_o know_v especial_o have_v issue_n before_o hand_n be_v the_o more_o frighten_v from_o it_o by_o this_o hard_a law_n of_o bastardy_n for_o that_o objection_n that_o if_o such_o issue_n shall_v be_v legitimate_a the_o party_n will_v be_v less_o penitent_a because_o so_o favour_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o certain_o it_o will_v make_v they_o much_o more_o penitent_a when_o they_o shall_v live_v together_o in_o the_o state_n of_o matrimony_n and_o put_v they_o more_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o former_a offence_n which_o certain_o they_o will_v less_o think_v of_o be_v they_o divide_v and_o i_o think_v a_o great_a sign_n of_o penitence_n can_v be_v than_o the_o subsequent_a matrimony_n beside_o by_o legitimate_v of_o such_o issue_n this_o great_a convenience_n will_v follow_v that_o it_o will_v much_o abate_v and_o take_v off_o the_o scandal_n and_o reproach_n of_o the_o world_n and_o encourage_v man_n in_o such_o case_n to_o matrimony_n whereas_o otherwise_o they_o usual_o add_v sin_n to_o sin_n one_o bastard_n beget_v more_o so_o that_o once_o have_v under-go_v the_o reproach_n and_o shame_n they_o never_o consider_v the_o sin_n but_o be_v more_o harden_v in_o it_o for_o the_o case_n put_v by_o fortescue_n of_o two_o fornicator_n have_v get_v several_a child_n by_o one_o woman_n and_o the_o one_o after_o marry_v she_o which_o shall_v be_v legitimate_a this_o i_o conceive_v may_v receive_v a_o very_a short_a answer_n for_o if_o the_o party_n that_o get_v the_o child_n be_v know_v we_o may_v easy_o judge_v which_o shall_v be_v legitimate_a my_o lord_n cook_n upon_o litt._n say_v fol._n 244._o that_o if_o the_o issue_n be_v bear_v within_o a_o month_n or_o a_o day_n after_o marriage_n between_o party_n of_o full_a lawful_a age_n the_o child_n be_v legitimate_a by_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o if_o it_o be_v bear_v so_o short_a a_o time_n after_o marriage_n that_o it_o be_v legitimate_a for_o certain_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o both_o now_o i_o say_v this_o that_o if_o we_o may_v go_v so_o near_o bastardy_n and_o yet_o be_v legitimate_a i_o know_v no_o reason_n that_o come_v so_o near_o legitimation_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n and_o this_o in_o favour_n of_o legitimation_n but_o beside_o the_o sin_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o a_o day_n do_v not_o aggravate_v the_o sin_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o day_n bastardise_v the_o issue_n cook_n upon_o littleton_n fol._n 245._o matrimonium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la legitimos_fw-la facit_fw-la quòad_fw-la sacerdotium_fw-la non_fw-la quoad_fw-la successionem_fw-la propter_fw-la consueâ—udinem_fw-la regni_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la habet_fw-la in_fw-la contrarium_fw-la and_o therefore_o at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 20._o h._n 3._o for_o that_o to_o certify_v upon_o the_o king_n writ_n that_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v a_o bastard_n be_v contra_fw-la commanem_fw-la formam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la rogaverunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la episcopi_fw-la magnates_fw-la ut_fw-la consentirent_fw-la quod_fw-la nati_fw-la ante_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la essent_fw-la legitimi_fw-la sicut_fw-la illi_fw-la qui_fw-la nati_fw-la sunt_fw-la post_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la quoad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la quia_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la tale_fw-la habet_fw-la prolegitima_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la and_o barones_fw-la una_fw-la voce_fw-la responderant_fw-la quod_fw-la nolune_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la quae_fw-la haec_fw-la usque_fw-la usitatâ—e_fw-la sunt_fw-la et_fw-la approbatae_fw-la and_o i_o do_v confess_v that_o the_o
civil_a law_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v fortescue_n be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o he_o say_v cap._n 49._o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v judge_v open_a theft_n to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o recompense_n of_o four_o fold_n and_o private_a theft_n by_o the_o recompense_n of_o double_a so_o not_o to_o suffer_v death_n by_o their_o law_n i_o do_v not_o write_v this_o to_o encourage_v man_n in_o this_o heinous_a crime_n which_o be_v too_o too_o common_a in_o these_o time_n no_o far_o be_v it_o from_o i_o so_o to_o do_v for_o i_o know_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o severe_a law_n against_o it_o there_o will_v be_v no_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n that_o a_o man_n have_v the_o law_n of_o property_n will_v be_v of_o little_a force_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o way_n of_o punishment_n as_o by_o banishment_n slavery_n or_o the_o like_a which_o may_v be_v as_o effectual_a to_o terrify_v man_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o it_o so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o man_n over_o which_o there_o be_v no_o jurisdiction_n give_v in_o such_o case_n by_o god_n we_o have_v no_o precept_n rule_n or_o warrant_v for_o it_o and_o now_o to_o i_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n in_o such_o case_n be_v no_o less_o unreasonable_a be_v it_o not_o too_o much_o to_o lose_v the_o life_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o that_o satisfy_v but_o thereby_o also_o his_o blood_n be_v corrupt_v and_o all_o his_o estate_n forfeit_v so_o that_o his_o issue_n be_v not_o inheritable_a to_o he_o nor_o to_o any_o other_o ancestor_n nor_o can_v this_o corruption_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v so_o high_a be_v restore_v otherwise_o than_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o he_o be_v noble_a or_o gentle_a before_o he_o and_o all_o his_o child_n and_o posterity_n be_v by_o this_o make_v base_a and_o ignoble_a in_o respect_n of_o any_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n which_o they_o have_v by_o their_o birth_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o rigid_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o child_n shall_v thus_o extreme_o suffer_v for_o the_o crime_n and_o wickedness_n of_o the_o father_n the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v rom._n 5._o that_o by_o one_o man_n sin_n enter_v into_o the_o world_n and_o death_n by_o sin_n but_o he_o go_v further_a and_o so_o death_n go_v over_o all_o man_n in_o who_o all_o man_n have_v sin_v we_o all_o sin_v in_o adam_n therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o death_n fall_v upon_o all_o god_n have_v the_o supreme_a sovereign_a power_n over_o all_o his_o creature_n and_o so_o may_v inflict_v what_o punishment_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o sin_n and_o who_o dare_v question_v it_o or_o say_v it_o be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o god_n deal_v not_o thus_o severe_o with_o man_n for_o in_o the_o 18._o of_o ezek._n he_o reprove_v the_o israelite_n for_o use_v this_o proverb_n the_o father_n have_v eat_v sour_a grape_n and_o the_o child_n tooth_n be_v set_v on_o edge_n and_o say_v they_o shall_v use_v it_o no_o more_o for_o that_o soul_n that_o sin_v it_o shall_v die_v and_o after_o verse_n the_o 20._o the_o same_o soul_n that_o sin_v shall_v die_v the_o son_n shall_v not_o bear_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o father_n etc._n etc._n thus_o you_o may_v see_v the_o great_a mercy_n of_o god_n who_o great_a severity_n be_v but_o justice_n do_v not_o this_o extreme_o condemn_v the_o injustice_n of_o that_o law_n which_o so_o severe_o punish_v the_o child_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o the_o father_n a_o wicked_a father_n may_v have_v a_o good_a child_n and_o shall_v such_o a_o one_o be_v ruin_v through_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o father_n his_o estate_n whole_o lose_v and_o not_o only_o disinherit_v through_o his_o corruption_n of_o blood_n as_o to_o his_o father_n estate_n but_o also_o make_v incapable_a of_o take_v any_o thing_n by_o descent_n from_o any_o other_o ancestor_n a_o more_o rigorous_a law_n certain_o be_v never_o make_v but_o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o severity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o more_o to_o deter_v and_o affrighten_v man_n from_o this_o sin_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_a among_o we_o ut_fw-la metus_fw-la ad_fw-la â—mnes_fw-la paena_fw-la ad_fw-la paucos_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a nor_o warrantable_a for_o man_n to_o make_v unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n to_o keep_v man_n from_o sin_v and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n punish_v the_o offend_a father_n but_o not_o the_o innocent_a child_n the_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o though_o the_o father_n be_v hang_v the_o son_n shall_v inherit_v for_o the_o custom_n be_v the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n i_o shall_v conclude_v it_o with_o this_o that_o i_o hope_v one_o day_n to_o see_v this_o custom_n become_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o have_v in_o consideration_n be_v touch_v the_o debt_n of_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21_o year_n and_o therein_o i_o propose_v this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21_o year_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o their_o debt_n first_o we_o be_v to_o know_v what_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n be_v for_o man_n or_o woman_n what_o full_a age_n the_o age_n of_o discretion_n for_o a_o woman_n in_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n be_v 12._o for_o a_o man_n 14._o full_a age_n be_v 21._o and_o under_o that_o age_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v infant_n in_o law_n and_o under_o that_o age_n they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n not_o be_v they_o liable_a to_o pay_v their_o own_o debt_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o necessary_n as_o clothes_n diet_n school_a and_o the_o like_a they_o be_v liable_a but_o for_o those_o neither_o they_o can_v give_v a_o penal_a bond_n a_o bill_n they_o may_v and_o it_o shall_v bind_v they_o in_o general_a a_o infant_n may_v better_v his_o condition_n he_o can_v not_o make_v it_o worse_o this_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v law_n yet_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a to_o i_o that_o a_o infant_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v such_o debt_n as_o he_o shall_v owe_v for_o any_o thing_n have_v or_o receive_v after_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n especial_o when_o i_o consider_v what_o the_o law_n be_v in_o other_o case_n of_o infancy_n by_o custom_n he_o may_v make_v a_o lease_n at_o his_o age_n of_o 15._o and_o it_o shall_v bind_v he_o cook_n upon_o littleton_n fol._n 45._o b._n nay_o further_o by_o custom_n he_o may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n at_o 15._o year_n 5._o h._n 7._o 41._o 11._o h._n 4._o 33._o now_o no_o custom_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o reasonable_a and_o yet_o further_o a_o infant_n of_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n nay_o under_o may_v suffer_v death_n for_o murder_n or_o theft_n nothing_o more_o common_a 3._o h._n 7._o 12._o a_o infant_n betwixt_o 10._o and_o 12._o give_v a_o man_n several_a wound_n till_o he_o die_v and_o then_o he_o draw_v the_o body_n into_o the_o corn_n for_o which_o he_o be_v convict_v but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o judgement_n in_o that_o case_n be_v respite_v for_o his_o tender_a age_n but_o many_o justice_n that_o he_o be_v worthy_a of_o death_n note_n a_o infant_n of_o 9_o year_n kill_v another_o and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v quia_fw-la malitia_fw-la supplet_fw-la aetatem_fw-la but_o execution_n be_v respite_v to_o have_v pardon_n see_v the_o assize_n a_o woman_n infant_n within_o age_n kill_v her_o mistress_n and_o be_v burn_v for_o it_o see_v likewise_o the_o assize_n again_o a_o infant_n shall_v not_o avoid_v a_o marriage_n at_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n make_v and_o contract_v by_o he_o cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 79._o now_o i_o argue_v thus_o if_o a_o infant_n may_v do_v the_o great_a why_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v do_v the_o less_o if_o he_o may_v be_v chargeable_a for_o thing_n of_o a_o much_o high_a nature_n why_o not_o for_o those_o that_o be_v of_o a_o low_a by_o custom_n he_o may_v sell_v his_o estate_n by_o law_n he_o may_v suffer_v death_n for_o felony_n and_o may_v contract_v matrimony_n thing_n of_o much_o great_a consequence_n to_o himself_o why_o then_o in_o reason_n shall_v he_o not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n my_o lord_n gook_z say_v that_o argumentum_fw-la a_fw-la majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la a_o argument_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n in_o law_n beside_o he_o be_v as_o much_o oblige_v in_o
reason_n and_o conscience_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n as_o a_o man_n of_o full_a age_n why_o then_o the_o law_n shall_v not_o tie_v he_o to_o it_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n i_o mean_v for_o debt_n contract_v after_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n and_o if_o the_o law_n then_o judge_v he_o to_o be_v discreet_a why_o shall_v it_o not_o make_v he_o just_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o themselves_o natural_o be_v too_o prone_a to_o injustice_n and_o unrighteous_a deal_n one_o with_o another_o therefore_o very_o unfit_a that_o they_o shall_v receive_v the_o least_o encouragement_n to_o it_o how_o frequent_a a_o thing_n be_v it_o for_o man_n in_o such_o case_n to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o infancy_n and_o most_o unjust_o to_o cozen_v their_o creditor_n of_o their_o just_a debt_n which_o in_o conscience_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v the_o creditors_n fault_n to_o trust_v such_o a_o one_o who_o be_v under_o age_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o suffer_v he_o may_v thank_v himself_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o ignorance_n of_o law_n will_v not_o excuse_v a_o man_n the_o ignorance_n of_o fact_n will_v and_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v a_o infant_n since_o many_o nay_o most_o man_n may_v and_o do_v deceive_v their_o judge_n by_o their_o look_n i_o can_v think_v or_o imagine_v and_o he_o that_o shall_v inquire_v his_o customer_n age_n may_v sit_v still_o in_o his_o shop_n and_o blow_v his_o finger_n for_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o certain_o that_o law_n be_v most_o just_a that_o give_v the_o least_o liberty_n or_o advantage_n of_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n to_o man_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o short_a be_v clergy_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o clergy_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n or_o no_o clergy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v convict_v of_o manslaughter_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n or_o offence_n for_o which_o he_o may_v have_v his_o book_n and_o thereupon_o pray_v his_o clergy_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v have_v his_o book_n which_o be_v grant_v the_o ordinary_a be_v a_o clergy_n man_n and_o heretofore_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a open_v the_o book_n and_o turn_v he_o to_o a_o place_n to_o read_v and_o read_v the_o court_n demand_v whether_o he_o read_v as_o a_o clerk_n if_o the_o ordinary_a say_v that_o he_o do_v he_o save_v his_o life_n by_o it_o and_o be_v only_o burn_v in_o the_o hand_n we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o original_a of_o this_o use_n of_o clergy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o world_n be_v in_o its_o minority_n i_o mean_v this_o little_a world_n and_o there_o be_v but_o few_o clerk_n or_o learned_a man_n and_o then_o in_o favour_n and_o for_o encouragement_n of_o learning_n as_o also_o for_o supply_v of_o place_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o man_n of_o such_o ability_n this_o law_n or_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n be_v invent_v and_o approve_v of_o for_o save_v of_o such_o man_n life_n in_o some_o case_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o woman_n can_v not_o have_v their_o book_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v clerk_n now_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o any_o one_o whether_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n hold_v to_o this_o day_n or_o not_o if_o it_o do_v not_o what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v to_o continue_v it_o for_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v cessante_fw-la causâ_fw-la cessat_fw-la effectus_fw-la the_o cause_n cease_v the_o effect_n likewise_o cease_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o nothing_o more_o evident_a for_o certain_o god_n be_v thank_v for_o it_o england_n never_o more_o abound_v with_o learned_a man_n than_o it_o do_v now_o and_o therefore_o no_o want_n of_o such_o clerk_n as_o they_o be_v that_o this_o law_n stand_v not_o with_o reason_n i_o shall_v offer_v these_o thing_n to_o consideration_n first_o the_o slightness_n and_o inconsiderableness_n especial_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v now_o of_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o read_v of_o a_o line_n or_o two_o shall_v save_v a_o man_n life_n by_o which_o the_o crime_n be_v no_o way_n answer_v or_o satisfy_v for_o second_o it_o may_v prove_v very_o unjust_a for_o if_o several_a man_n be_v convict_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o offence_n one_o may_v happy_o read_v the_o other_o not_o so_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v thereby_o save_v his_o life_n and_o the_o other_o suffer_v which_o can_v stand_v with_o justice_n but_o where_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o guilty_a and_o so_o have_v deserve_v death_n yet_o to_o pardon_v one_o may_v be_v just_a for_o that_o the_o one_o may_v have_v be_v a_o more_o notorious_a offender_n than_o the_o other_o and_o so_o not_o deserve_v the_o least_o favour_n but_o for_o one_o to_o have_v power_n to_o save_v himself_o and_o not_o the_o other_o that_o i_o judge_v very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a last_o if_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o in_o many_o place_n the_o character_n be_v a_o old_a letter_n too_o and_o so_o hard_a to_o be_v read_v make_v it_o very_o unreasonable_a so_o that_o i_o may_v safe_o say_v be_v it_o not_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n not_o one_o of_o twenty_o can_v save_v their_o life_n by_o read_v since_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o law_n as_o there_o be_v not_o for_o any_o that_o want_v reason_n for_o the_o support_n of_o it_o i_o think_v it_o be_v better_o in_o such_o case_n where_o clergy_n be_v allowable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v only_o burn_v in_o the_o hand_n as_o woman_n be_v and_o so_o set_v at_o liberty_n which_o nevertheless_o i_o submit_v to_o grave_a judgement_n the_o next_o i_o shall_v write_v of_o be_v the_o distinction_n in_o law_n betwixt_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n and_o therein_o put_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o the_o law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o suffer_v death_n for_o manslaughter_n be_v not_o against_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o distinction_n in_o law_n betwixt_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n be_v thus_o murder_n be_v when_o one_o be_v slay_v with_o a_o man_n will_n and_o with_o malice_n prepense_a or_o forethought_a as_o where_o two_o fall_v out_o one_o day_n appoint_v the_o field_n the_o next_o day_n and_o then_o meet_v according_a and_o one_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v this_o be_v murder_n in_o the_o other_o be_v do_v premeditated_o and_o upon_o cool_a blood_n and_o for_o this_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v his_o clergy_n but_o shall_v suffer_v death_n homicide_n or_o manslaughter_n as_o it_o be_v legal_o take_v be_v when_o one_o be_v slay_v with_o a_o man_n will_n but_o not_o with_o malice_n prepense_a as_o where_o two_o be_v together_o fall_v out_o and_o both_o draw_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o one_o kill_v the_o other_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o hot_a blood_n be_v but_o manslaughter_n for_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v his_o clergy_n and_o save_v his_o life_n now_o how_o this_o distinction_n stand_v with_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v by_o the_o judicial_a law_n exod._n 21._o 12._o he_o that_o smite_v a_o man_n and_o he_o die_v shall_v die_v the_o death_n and_o numb._n 35._o vers._n 16._o and_o if_o one_o smite_v another_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o iron_n or_o with_o a_o stone_n or_o other_o instrument_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o verse_n follow_v that_o he_o die_v he_o be_v a_o murderer_n and_o the_o murderer_n shall_v die_v the_o death_n say_v the_o marginal_a note_n witting_o and_o willing_o and_o certain_o in_o the_o case_n of_o manslaughter_n the_o man_n be_v witting_o and_o willing_o kill_v i_o can_v cite_v many_o other_o place_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a now_o in_o these_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v another_o shall_v die_v the_o death_n here_o be_v no_o such_o qualification_n or_o distinction_n as_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n it_o be_v true_a that_o where_o a_o man_n kill_v another_o unaware_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la as_o we_o say_v in_o law_n which_o we_o call_v chancemedd_o in_o such_o case_n because_o it_o be_v not_o do_v with_o his_o will_n it_o please_v god_n in_o mercy_n to_o provide_v sanctuary_n or_o city_n of_o refuge_n for_o such_o offender_n to_o flee_v unto_o to_o save_v their_o life_n and_o the_o only_a punishment_n be_v that_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v there_o unto_o the_o death_n of_o the_o highpriest_n so_o
be_v allow_v till_o the_o contrary_a be_v preve_v but_o no_o long_o and_o certain_o if_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a exception_n to_o any_o rule_n this_o may_v pass_v for_o one_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v attempt_v in_o parliament_n that_o a_o statute_n may_v be_v make_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n but_o where_o asset_n descend_v from_o the_o same_o ancestor_n but_o it_o never_o take_v effect_n because_o say_v he_o that_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n rot._n parliament_n 50._o e._n 3._o num._n 77._o this_o be_v a_o reason_n urge_v in_o defence_n of_o common_a recovery_n likewise_o the_o english_a of_o it_o be_v but_o this_o i_o may_v bar_v another_o man_n of_o his_o just_a and_o lawful_a right_n to_o fortify_v a_o wrongful_a title_n otherwise_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o man_n right_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o favour_v as_o common_a assurance_n a_o heir_n as_o much_o as_o a_o purchasor_n to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v a_o second_o attempt_n be_v make_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n against_o these_o collateral_a warranty_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v not_o despair_v of_o redress_n of_o so_o unreasonable_a a_o law_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o be_v plead_n and_o therein_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o any_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v nought_o and_o avoid_v at_o any_o time_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a double_a plea_n departure_n or_o any_o other_o defect_n whatsoever_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n itself_o sufficient_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n for_o which_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v first_o that_o i_o may_v clear_v the_o question_n of_o some_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o it_o i_o have_v add_v to_o it_o at_o any_o time_n because_o in_o some_o case_n and_o sometime_o such_o defective_a plea_n be_v already_o help_v by_o stat._n as_o you_o will_v find_v after_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o inform_v you_o what_o matter_n of_o form_n be_v the_o word_n itself_o sufficient_o speak_v it_o double_a plea_n be_v when_o a_o man_n in_o plead_v allege_v several_a thing_n the_o one_o not_o necessary_o depend_v upon_o the_o other_o etc._n etc._n departure_n be_v when_o a_o man_n go_v from_o his_o former_a plea_n and_o plead_v some_o new_a matter_n these_o will_v vitiate_v plead_n and_o put_v a_o man_n to_o a_o new_a action_n but_o to_o the_o case_n itself_o m._n littleton_n i_o remember_v say_v that_o plead_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o profitable_a thing_n in_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o advise_v his_o son_n to_o bend_v his_o endeavour_n to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o i_o believe_v it_o indeed_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o profitable_a thing_n i_o mean_v to_o the_o lawyer_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v in_o it_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o honour_n i_o know_v not_o where_o it_o lie_v except_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o subtle_a lawyer_n a_o picklock_n of_o the_o law_n one_o who_o can_v discover_v a_o flaw_n or_o defect_n in_o any_o plea_n present_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o this_o be_v the_o honour_n i_o believe_v to_o be_v able_a to_o vex_v and_o trouble_v and_o undo_v people_n by_o various_a suit_n if_o this_o be_v the_o honour_n though_o i_o hope_v no_o man_n will_v therefore_o count_v i_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o this_o knowledge_n because_o i_o speak_v against_o it_o let_v who_o will_v take_v it_o for_o i_o cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 303._o 304._o observe_v that_o many_o a_o good_a cause_n be_v daily_o lose_v for_o want_n of_o orderly_a and_o good_a plead_n the_o more_o the_o pity_n and_o after_o he_o say_v when_o i_o diligent_o consider_v the_o course_n of_o our_o book_n of_o year_n and_o term_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o i_o observe_v that_o more_o jangle_v and_o question_n grow_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_v and_o exception_n to_o form_n then_o upon_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o infinite_a cause_n lose_v or_o delay_v for_o want_n of_o good_a plead_n what_o a_o gross_a shame_n and_o most_o unconscionable_a thing_n be_v this_o that_o form_n shall_v be_v insist_v upon_o more_o than_o matter_n and_o the_o client_n shall_v lose_v his_o case_n or_o have_v it_o delay_v for_o formality_n the_o client_n sue_v not_o at_o law_n for_o to_o make_v case_n or_o question_n or_o to_o occasion_n scruple_n about_o nice_a formality_n but_o to_o have_v justice_n do_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n and_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o law_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n in_o do_v right_a to_o the_o party_n without_o delay_n or_o regard_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n itself_o interest_n reipublicae_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la finis_fw-la litium_fw-la it_o very_o much_o concern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o strife_n be_v end_v and_o not_o that_o one_o dispute_n or_o controversy_n shall_v occasion_v another_o much_o less_o that_o contention_n shall_v be_v about_o word_n the_o matter_n lay_v aside_o and_o the_o party_n depart_v not_o as_o he_o come_v but_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n his_o money_n fruitless_o expend_v and_o his_o right_n if_o not_o lose_v suspend_v my_o lord_n cook_n say_v again_o that_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n and_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 2._o e._n 1._o and_o upward_o the_o plead_n be_v plain_a and_o sensible_a but_o nothing_o curious_a evermore_o have_v chief_a respect_n to_o matter_n not_o to_o form_n of_o word_n i_o be_o sure_a we_o can_v say_v so_o of_o these_o latter_a time_n for_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o be_v never_o more_o nice_a and_o captious_a than_o of_o late_a then_o he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o plead_n grow_v to_o perfection_n both_o without_o lameness_n and_o curiousity_n and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 6._o the_o judge_n give_v a_o quick_a ear_n to_o exception_n to_o plead_n than_o either_o their_o predecessor_n do_v or_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 4._o or_o since_o that_o time_n have_v do_v give_v no_o way_n to_o nice_a exception_n so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v sufficient_o show_v i_o attribute_v much_o of_o honour_n and_o respect_n to_o my_o lord_n cook_n yet_o i_o shall_v crave_v that_o freedom_n to_o deliver_v what_o be_v truth_n and_o that_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o plead_n be_v never_o more_o curious_a and_o subtle_a than_o of_o late_a and_o never_o more_o nice_a exception_n give_v way_n to_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o meddle_v with_o the_o order_n of_o plead_v as_o first_o to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n second_o to_o the_o person_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o their_o due_a course_n or_o you_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o former_a nor_o yet_o with_o my_o lord_n cook_n rule_n of_o plead_v in_o his_o institute_n in_o which_o he_o be_v very_o large_a i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o teach_v or_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o form_n and_o subtlety_n of_o our_o plea_n though_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o know_v yea_o and_o observe_v too_o so_o that_o the_o client_n may_v not_o be_v prejudice_v for_o want_n or_o defect_n of_o such_o form_n for_o the_o double_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v any_o just_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v that_o reason_n which_o the_o law_n give_v be_v that_o the_o court_n and_o jury_n may_v be_v invegle_v by_o such_o plea_n i_o have_v inquire_v exact_o into_o this_o reason_n but_o can_v find_v how_o or_o which_o way_n and_o i_o do_v profess_v myself_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n cook_n non-intelligent_n too_o for_o he_o say_v the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n be_v by_o they_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o reason_n thereof_o mislike_v and_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v myself_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o say_v nemo_fw-la prohibetur_fw-la pluribus_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la uti_fw-la no_o man_n be_v prohibit_v to_o use_v several_a defence_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o departure_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bar_v or_o conclude_v from_o offer_v any_o other_o or_o new_a matter_n but_o that_o any_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n make_v the_o best_a of_o his_o own_o case_n certain_o judge_n ought_v to_o have_v principal_a regard_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o every_o man_n case_n that_o that_o may_v be_v discover_v thereby_o the_o better_a to_o enable_v they_o to_o give_v righteous_a and_o true_a judgement_n not_o to_o form_n or_o word_n these_o be_v but_o apices_fw-la legis_fw-la