Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
judgement_n according_a day_n great_a 2,142 5 2.8718 3 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A29962 The history of Scotland written in Latin by George Buchanan ; faithfully rendered into English.; Rerum Scoticarum historia. English Buchanan, George, 1506-1582. 1690 (1690) Wing B5283; ESTC R466 930,865 774

There are 7 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v orderly_a or_o lawful_o determine_v for_o in_o trial_n of_o life_n and_o death_n there_o use_v to_o be_v great_a flocking_n together_o of_o friend_n and_o vassal_n according_a to_o the_o faction_n favour_n or_o nobility_n of_o the_o accuse_v as_o it_o happen_v also_o at_o that_o time_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o faction_n adverse_a to_o the_o king_n viz._n the_o earl_n of_o hamilton_n gordon_n and_o argyle_n gather_v all_o their_o force_n against_o that_o day_n hope_v that_o if_o the_o judgement_n be_v disturb_v by_o force_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a so_o to_o do_v that_o they_o may_v quiet_o end_v the_o conflict_n at_o one_o skirmish_n as_o be_v superior_a in_o number_n of_o man_n opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o also_o better_o provide_v for_o war._n the_o regent_n expect_v not_o a_o vie_v in_o force_n but_o in_o law_n and_o therefore_o have_v make_v no_o preparation_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o be_v unwilling_a to_o put_v thing_n to_o the_o utmost_a hazard_n before_o he_o needs_o must_v and_o also_o lest_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o government_n may_v be_v lessen_v by_o contend_v with_o his_o inferior_n he_o put_v off_o the_o day_n of_o trial_n and_o so_o he_o a_o day_n after_o about_o january_n 1_o sy_n have_v send_v the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n to_o a_o prison_n in_o lough-levin_n go_v to_o sterlin_n the_o adverse_a faction_n thus_o again_o disappoint_v and_o perceive_v the_o authority_n and_o power_n of_o the_o regent_n to_o increase_v and_o that_o beside_o his_o popularity_n at_o home_n he_o be_v also_o support_v by_o the_o english_a be_v stir_v up_o partly_o by_o emulation_n partly_o by_o the_o large_a promise_n from_o the_o queen_n of_o scot_n who_o by_o letter_n inform_v they_o that_o the_o french_a and_o spanish_a aid_n will_v be_v present_o with_o they_o proceed_v to_o accomplish_v that_o which_o they_o have_v long_o design_v even_o the_o cut_n off_o the_o regent_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v alive_a they_o know_v their_o project_n can_v not_o take_v effect_n and_o therefore_o they_o send_v messenger_n through_o all_o country_n to_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o faction_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n to_o that_o purpose_n to_o this_o league_n the_o hamiltons_n subscribe_v and_o those_o who_o either_o themselves_o or_o their_o child_n be_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o edinburgh_n the_o governor_n himself_o be_v think_v to_o be_v privy_a to_o it_o and_o that_o which_o follow_v do_v increase_v the_o suspicion_n of_o he_o james_n hamilton_n son_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrew_n sister_n promise_v his_o assistance_n and_o endeavour_v to_o find_v a_o fit_a time_n and_o place_n to_o commit_v the_o murder_n it_o happen_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o hope_n be_v give_v to_o the_o regent_n that_o dunbarton_n will_v be_v surrender_v upon_o condition_n thither_o he_o go_v but_o return_v without_o his_o errand_n hamilton_n be_v intent_n on_o all_o occasion_n his_o ambush_n not_o succeed_v well_o first_o at_o glasgow_n then_o at_o sterlin_n appoint_v linlithgo_o to_o be_v the_o place_n fit_a to_o execute_v his_o purpose_n because_o that_o town_n be_v in_o the_o clanship_n of_o the_o hamilton_n and_o the_o archbishop_n his_o uncle_n have_v a_o house_n there_o not_o far_o from_o the_o house_n where_o the_o regent_n use_v to_o lodge_v in_o that_o house_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o murder_n he_o secret_o hide_v himself_o danger_n the_o regent_n be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o plot_n both_o before_o and_o also_o that_o very_a day_n before_o it_o be_v light_a the_o discoverer_n for_o more_o surety_n add_v that_o the_o murderer_n lie_v hide_v in_o 3_o or_o 4_o house_n from_o his_o lodging_n that_o if_o he_o will_v send_v a_o small_a party_n with_o he_o he_o will_v pluck_v he_o out_o of_o his_o hole_n and_o so_o discover_v the_o whole_a design_n and_o order_n of_o the_o secret_a plot_n yet_o the_o regent_n will_v not_o alter_v his_o former_a purpose_n only_o he_o design_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o town_n through_o the_o same_o gate_n he_o enter_v in_o and_o then_o turn_v about_o and_o proceed_v in_o his_o journey_n nor_o do_v he_o keep_v to_o this_o resolution_n neither_o either_o because_o he_o do_v undervalue_v such_o danger_n as_o believe_v his_o life_n to_o be_v in_o god_n hand_n to_o who_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o render_v it_o when_o it_o be_v call_v for_o or_o else_o because_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n wait_v for_o he_o stop_v up_o the_o way_n when_o he_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n he_o think_v to_o ride_v swift_o by_o the_o suspect_a place_n and_o so_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n but_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o people_n crowd_v in_o hinder_v his_o design_n so_o that_o the_o murderer_n out_o of_o a_o wooden_a balcony_n which_o he_o have_v purposely_o cover_v with_o linen_n as_o if_o it_o be_v for_o another_o use_n hamilton_n shoot_v he_o with_o a_o lead-bullet_n a_o little_a below_o the_o navel_n and_o it_o come_v out_o almost_o by_o his_o reins_o and_o also_o kill_v the_o horse_n of_o james_n douglas_n which_o be_v beyond_o he_o he_o himself_o escape_v by_o a_o back_n door_n or_o passage_n of_o the_o garden_n which_o he_o have_v pluck_v down_o on_o purpose_n and_o so_o mount_v a_o swift_a horse_n set_v on_o purpose_n to_o carry_v he_o off_o after_o he_o have_v commit_v the_o fact_n by_o james_n hamilton_n abbot_n of_o aber-brothwick_a and_o so_o he_o go_v to_o hamilton_n with_o the_o great_a gratulation_n of_o those_o who_o wait_v to_o hear_v the_o event_n of_o his_o audacious_a enterprise_n when_o they_o hear_v he_o have_v effect_v it_o they_o commend_v he_o high_o and_o reward_v he_o as_o if_o now_o the_o kingship_n have_v be_v actual_o translate_v into_o their_o own_o family_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o linlithgo_n the_o rest_n be_v startle_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o regent_n tell_v they_o he_o be_v wound_v and_o as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o feel_v it_o he_o leap_v from_o his_o horse_n and_o go_v on_o foot_n to_o his_o lodging_n they_o which_o be_v send_v for_o to_o cure_v the_o wound_n at_o first_o say_v it_o be_v not_o mortal_a but_o his_o pain_n increase_v though_o his_o mind_n be_v not_o disturb_v he_o begin_v serious_o to_o think_v of_o death_n those_o which_o be_v about_o he_o often_o tell_v he_o that_o this_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o lenity_n in_o spare_v too_o many_o notorious_a offender_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o own_o murderer_n who_o have_v be_v condemn_v for_o treason_n whereto_o he_o return_v a_o mild_a answer_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n say_v your_o importunity_n shall_v never_o make_v i_o to_o repent_v of_o my_o clemency_n then_o have_v settle_v his_o houshold-affair_n die_v he_o commend_v the_o king_n to_o the_o noble_n there_o present_a and_o without_o speak_v a_o reproachful_a word_n of_o any_o man_n he_o depart_v this_o life_n before_o midnight_n about_o january_n 23_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n 1571._o his_o death_n be_v lament_v by_o all_o good_a man_n especial_o by_o the_o commons_o who_o love_v he_o alive_a and_o lament_v he_o dead_z as_o the_o public_a father_n of_o his_o country_n for_o beside_o his_o many_o other_o noble_a achievement_n they_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o not_o a_o year_n before_o he_o have_v so_o quiet_v all_o the_o troublesome_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o a_o man_n be_v as_o safe_a on_o the_o road_n or_o at_o his_o inn_n as_o in_o his_o own_o house_n and_o envy_n die_v with_o he_o they_o who_o be_v disaffect_v to_o he_o when_o alive_a do_v real_o praise_v he_o when_o dead_a they_o admire_v his_o valour_n in_o war_n which_o yet_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a desire_n of_o peace_n regent_n his_o celerity_n in_o business_n be_v always_o so_o successful_a that_o a_o especial_a providence_n of_o god_n seem_v to_o shine_v on_o all_o his_o action_n beside_o his_o clemency_n be_v great_a in_o moderate_o punish_v and_o his_o equity_n as_o great_a in_o his_o legal_a decision_n when_o he_o have_v any_o spare_a time_n from_o war_n he_o will_v sit_v all_o day_n long_o in_o the_o college_n of_o judge_n so_o that_o his_o presence_n strike_v such_o a_o reverence_n into_o they_o that_o the_o poor_a be_v not_o oppress_v by_o false_a accusation_n neither_o be_v they_o tire_v out_o by_o long_a attendance_n in_o regard_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o put_v off_o to_o gratify_v the_o rich._n his_o house_n like_o a_o holy_a temple_n be_v free_a not_o only_o from_o flagitious_a deed_n but_o even_o from_o wanton_a word_n after_o dinner_n and_o supper_n he_o always_o cause_v a_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o holy_a bible_n to_o be_v read_v and_o though_o he_o have_v still_o a_o
in_o a_o certain_a familiar_a discourse_n with_o some_o young_a portugal_n gentlemn_a upon_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o eucharist_n he_o shall_v affirm_v that_o in_o his_o judgement_n austin_n be_v more_o inclinable_a to_o the_o party_n condemn_v by_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o that_o controversy_n there_o be_v also_o other_o witness_n produce_v against_o he_o as_o some_o year_n after_o it_o come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n viz._n john_n tolpin_n a_o norman_a and_o john_n ferrerius_n of_o sub-alpine_a liguria_n their_o testimony_n be_v that_o they_o have_v hear_v from_o divers_a creditable_a person_n that_o buchanan_n be_v not_o orthodox_n as_o to_o the_o roman_a faith_n and_o religion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n after_o the_o inquisitor_n have_v weary_v both_o themselves_o and_o he_o for_o almost_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a at_o last_o that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v causeless_o vex_v a_o man_n of_o some_o name_n and_o note_v in_o the_o world_n they_o shut_v he_o up_o in_o a_o monastery_n for_o some_o month_n there_o to_o be_v more_o exact_o discipline_v and_o instruct_v by_o the_o monk_n who_o to_o give_v they_o their_o due_n be_v man_n otherwise_o not_o uncivil_a or_o bad_a though_o ignorant_a of_o all_o religion_n it_o be_v principal_o at_o this_o time_n that_o he_o render_v most_o of_o david_n psalm_n into_o several_a sort_n of_o latin_a metre_n at_o last_o he_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o sue_v for_o a_o pass_n and_o accommodation_n from_o the_o king_n to_o return_v into_o france_n he_o be_v desire_v by_o he_o to_o stay_v where_o he_o be_v and_o he_o have_v a_o small_a parcel_n of_o money_n bestow_v upon_o he_o for_o his_o daily_a expense_n till_o some_o better_a provision_n may_v be_v make_v for_o his_o subsistence_n but_o he_o be_v tire_v out_o with_o delay_n as_o be_v put_v off_o to_o no_o certain_a time_n nor_o on_o any_o sure_a ground_n of_o hope_n have_v get_v the_o opportunity_n of_o passage_n in_o a_o ship_n then_o ride_v in_o the_o bay_n of_o lisbon_n be_v waft_v over_o into_o england_n he_o make_v no_o long_a abode_n in_o england_n though_o fair_a offer_n be_v make_v he_o there_o for_o he_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o a_o hurry_n and_o combustion_n under_o a_o very_a young_a king_n the_o noble_n at_o variance_n one_o with_o another_o and_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o commons_o yet_o in_o a_o ferment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o civil_a combustion_n whereupon_o he_o return_v into_o france_n about_o the_o time_n that_o the_o siege_n of_o metz_n be_v raise_v there_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n compel_v by_o his_o friend_n to_o write_v a_o poem_n concern_v that_o siege_n which_o he_o do_v though_o somewhat_o unwilling_o because_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o interfere_v with_o several_a of_o his_o acquaintance_n and_o especial_o with_o mellinus_fw-la sangelasius_fw-la who_o have_v compose_v a_o learned_a and_o elegant_a poem_n on_o that_o subject_a from_o thence_o he_o be_v call_v over_o into_o italy_n by_o charles_n de_fw-fr cossé_fw-fr of_o brescia_n who_o then_o manage_v matter_n with_o prosperous_a success_n in_o the_o gallic_n and_o ligustic_a country_n about_o the_o po_n he_o abide_v with_o he_o and_o his_o son_n timoleon_n sometime_o in_o italy_n and_o sometime_o in_o france_n the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n till_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o the_o most_o part_n of_o which_o time_n he_o spend_v in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o more_o exact_a judgement_n of_o the_o controversy_n in_o religion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n do_v exercise_n the_o great_a part_n of_o men._n it_o be_v true_a those_o dispute_n be_v somewhat_o silence_v in_o scotland_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v free_v from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o guise_n of_o france_n so_o he_o return_v thither_o and_o enter_v himself_o into_o the_o church_n of_o scotland_n some_o of_o his_o write_n in_o former_a time_n be_v as_o it_o be_v redeem_a from_o a_o shipwreck_n be_v collect_v and_o publish_v by_o he_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o friend_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o providence_n at_o present_a be_v in_o the_o seventy_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n he_o be_v in_o attendance_n on_o the_o education_n of_o james_n the_o six_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o who_o he_o be_v appoint_v tutor_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o where_o be_v break_v with_o the_o infirmity_n of_o old_a age_n he_o belong_v for_o the_o desire_a haven_n of_o his_o rest._n he_o depart_v this_o life_n at_o edinburgh_n on_o the_o 28_o the_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o salvation_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o two_n the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n i._o fergus_n i._n pag._n 95._o ii_o feritharis_n p._n 97._o iii_o mainus_n p._n 98._o iv._o dornadilla_n ibid._n v._o nothatus_fw-la p._n 98._o vi_o reutherus_n p._n 99_o vii_o reutha_n p._n 101._o viii_o thereus_n ibid._n ix_o josina_n ibid._n x._o finnanus_fw-la p._n 102._o xi_o durstus_n ibid._n xii_o evenus_n p._n 103._o xiii_o gillus_n base_a born_n p._n 104._o fourteen_o evenus_n ii_o p._n 105._o xv._n ederus_n p._n 106._o xvi_o evenus_n iii_o p._n 107._o xvii_o metallanus_fw-la ibid._n xviii_o caratacus_n ibid._n xix_o corbr_v 1._o p._n 108._o xx._n dardanus_n ibid._n xxi_o corbr_v ii_o surname_v galdus_n p._n 109._o xxii_o luctacus_n p._n 111._o xxiii_o mogaldus_n p._n 112._o xxiv_o conarus_n p._n 113._o xxv_o ethodius_n i._n p._n 116._o xxvi_o satrael_n p._n 117._o xxvii_o donald_n i._n ibid._n xxviii_o ethodius_n ii_o p._n 119._o xxix_o athirco_fw-mi ibid._n xxx_o nathalocus_n p._n 120._o xxxi_o ●indochus_fw-la p._n 121._o xxxii_o donald_n ii_o p._n 122._o xxxiii_o donald_n iii_o p._n 123._o xxxiv_o crathilinthus_n ibid._n xxxv_o fincormachus_n p._n 125._o xxxvi_o romachus_n ibid._n xxxvii_o augusianus_n p._n 126._o xxxviii_o fethelmacus_n p._n 127._o thirty-nine_o eugenius_n i._n ibid._n xl._o fergus_n ii_o p._n 133._o xli_o eugenius_n ii_o p._n 138._o xlii_o dongardus_n p._n 144._o xliii_o constantin_n i._n p._n 145._o xliv_o congallus_n i._n p._n 147._o xlv_o goranus_n p._n 148._o xlvi_o eugenius_n iii_o p._n 154._o xlvii_o congallus_fw-la ii_o p._n 155._o xlviii_o kinnatellus_n ibid._n xlix_o aidanus_fw-la ibid._n l._n kenneth_n i._n p._n 158._o li._n eugenius_n iu._n ibid._n lii_o ferchard_n i._n ibid._n liii_o donald_n iu._n p._n 159._o liv._o ferchard_n ii_o p._n 160._o lv._o maldvinus_n ibid._n lvi_o eugenius_n v._o p._n 161_o lvii_o eugenius_n vi_o ibid._n lviii_o amberkelethus_n p._n 162._o lix_n eugenius_n vii_o ibid._n lx._n mordacus_n ibid._n lxi_o et●nus_n p._n 163._o lxii_o eugenius_n viii_o ibid._n lxiii_o fergus_n iii_o ibid._n lxiv_o solvathius_n p._n 164._o lxv_o achaius_n ibid._n lxvi_o congal●us_fw-la iii_o ibid._n lxvii_o dongal●us_n ibid._n lxviii_o alpinus_n ibid._n lxix_o kenneth_n ii_o p._n 167._o lxx_o donald_n v._o p._n 172._o lxxi_o constantin_n ii_o p._n 174._o lxxii_o ethus_n p._n 175._o lxxiii_o gregory_n ibid._n lxxiv_o donald_n vi_o p._n 78._o lxxv_o constantine_n iii_o p._n 179._o lxxvi_o malcolm_z i._o p._n 18●_n lxvii_o judulfus_fw-la ibid._n lxxviii_o duffus_n p._n 182._o lxxix_o culenus_n p._n 184._o lxxx_o kenneth_n iii_o p._n 187._o lxxxi_o constantine_n iv._o surname_v the_o bald._n p._n 196._o lxxxii_o grimus_fw-la p._n 19●_n lxxxiii_o malcolm_z ii_o p._n 200._o lxxxiv_o donald_n vii_o p._n 207._o lxxxv_o macbeth_z p._n 211._o lxxxvi_o malcolm_z iii_o p._n 224._o lxxxvii_o donald_n banus_fw-la viii_o p._n 220._o lxxxviii_o duncan_n ibid._n lxxxix_o edgar_z p._n 221._o xc_o alexander_n i._o surname_v acer_fw-la ibid._n xci_o david_n i._n p._n 222._o xcii_o malcolm_z iu_o p._n 227._o xciii_o william_n p._n 231._o xciv_o alexander_n ii_o p._n 237._o xcv_o alexander_n iii_o p._n 240._o xcvi_o john_n balliol_n p._n 250._o xcvii_o robert_n bruce_n p._n 261._o xcviii_o david_n ii_o p._n 282._o xcix_o edward_n balliol_n p._n 286._o c._n robert_n ii_o p._n 306._o ci._n robert_n iii_o p._n 223._o cii_o james_n ay_o p._n 338._o ciii_o james_n ii_o p._n 359._o civ_o james_n iii_o p._n 396._o cv_o james_n iv._o p._n 1_o cvi_o james_n v._n p._n 73._o cvii_o henry_n stuart_n p._n 28._o and_o mary_n stuart_n p._n 175._o cviii_o james_n vi_o p._n 214._o the_o history_n of_o scotland_n book_n i._n when_o i_o first_o determine_v to_o write_v the_o famous_a achievement_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o after_o i_o have_v purge_v they_o from_o the_o mixture_n of_o vain_a fable_n to_o vindicate_v they_o from_o oblivion_n i_o think_v it_o conducive_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o repeat_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n design_n as_o much_o as_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o first_o the_o scarcity_n than_o
he_o be_v there_o wolf_n he_o see_v sheep_n for_o that_o kind_a of_o cattle_n very_o old_a wander_v up_o and_o down_o without_o any_o certain_a owner_n and_o the_o number_n of_o they_o be_v increase_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o fox_n wolf_n or_o serpent_n be_v ever_o see_v there_o though_o betwixt_o this_o part_n and_o lewis_n great_a wood_n be_v interjacent_a which_o breed_v many_o stag_n but_o low_a one_o and_o not_o big-bodied_n at_o all_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v a_o river_n very_o full_a of_o salmon_n in_o the_o north_n part_n lie_v island_n lewis_n inhabit_v enough_o towards_o the_o shore_n it_o have_v four_o parish-church_n in_o it_o one_o fort_n seven_o great_a river_n and_o twelve_o lesser_a one_o all_o of_o they_o according_a to_o their_o bigness_n full_a of_o salmon_n in_o many_o place_n the_o sea_n penetrate_v into_o the_o land_n and_o there_o diffuse_v itself_o into_o bay_n all_o abound_a with_o plenty_n of_o herring_n there_o be_v also_o great_a plenty_n of_o sheep_n which_o wander_v free_o among_o the_o thicket_n and_o heath-bush_n the_o inhabitant_n drive_v they_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n like_o a_o sheep-fold_n and_o there_o every_o year_n they_o sheer_a they_o after_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o champion_n part_n of_o the_o country_n abound_v with_o heath-bush_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v black_a at_o top_n occasion_v by_o moss_n and_o the_o coalition_n of_o rot_a wood_n gather_v together_o for_o many_o age_n even_o a_o foot_n thick_a this_o upper_a crust_n be_v cut_v into_o long_a and_o slender_a turff_n and_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n serve_v for_o fire_v in_o stead_n of_o wood_n the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o naked_a ground_n be_v dung_v with_o seaweed_n be_v sow_v with_o barley_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v common_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o lewis_n whale_n take_v that_o sometime_o as_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n relate_v twenty_o seven_o some_o very_a great_a some_o small_a fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o the_o priest_n for_o their_o tithe_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a cave_n in_o this_o island_n in_o which_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o two_o fathom_n deep_a but_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o it_o be_v above_o four_o fathom_n there_o multitude_n of_o people_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o of_o all_o age_n sit_v on_o the_o rock_n with_o hook_n and_o line_n do_v promiscuous_o catch_v all_o sort_n of_o fish_n in_o great_a abundance_n there_o be_v a_o small_a island_n about_o sixty_o mile_n from_o lewis_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o a_o low_a and_o plain_a soil_n and_o well_o inhabit_v its_o name_n be_v inhabitant_n rona_n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v rude_a person_n void_a almost_o of_o all_o religion_n the_o laird_n of_o it_o assign_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o family_n to_o inhabit_v and_o till_o it_o and_o he_o allow_v they_o a_o sufficiency_n of_o great_a and_o small_a cattle_n whereby_o they_o may_v live_v well_o and_o pay_v their_o tribute_n too_o that_o which_o be_v above_o their_o own_o provision_n they_o send_v every_o year_n to_o lewis_n to_o their_o landlord_n who_o live_v there_o they_o common_o pay_v he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tribute_n or_o rent_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o barly-meal_n sew_v up_o in_o the_o skin_n of_o sheep_n for_o that_o kind_a of_o grain_n grow_v plentiful_o among_o they_o mutton_n and_o seafowl_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n as_o much_o as_o remain_v as_o a_o surplusage_n of_o their_o yearly_a provision_n and_o if_o the_o multitude_n of_o head_n do_v abound_v they_o send_v also_o the_o supernumerary_a person_n to_o their_o landlord_n so_o that_o these_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n who_o want_v nothing_o but_o have_v all_o thing_n to_o satiety_n and_o beside_o be_v ignorant_a of_o luxury_n and_o covetousness_n they_o enjoy_v that_o innocency_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o mind_n which_o other_o take_v great_a pain_n to_o obtain_v from_o the_o precept_n and_o institution_n of_o wise_a men._n and_o this_o they_o have_v from_o their_o ignorance_n of_o vice_n neither_o do_v any_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v want_v to_o their_o great_a happiness_n but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o condition_n there_o be_v in_o this_o island_n a_o chapel_n dedicate_v to_o st._n ronanus_n spade_n wherein_o as_o old_a man_n say_v there_o be_v a_o spade_n always_o leave_v wherewith_o if_o any_o one_o dye_n there_o be_v always_o a_o place_n mark_v out_o and_o prepare_v for_o his_o grave_n moreover_o in_o this_o island_n beside_o other_o fishery_n many_o whale_n be_v also_o take_v sixteen_o mile_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o island_n suilkyr_n suilkyr_n a_o mile_n long_o which_o bring_v forth_o no_o grass_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o heath_n only_o it_o have_v black_a rock_n some_o of_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o black_a moss_n seafowl_n do_v commodious_o lay_v their_o egg_n and_o hatch_v they_o there_o before_o the_o young_a be_v fledge_v enough_o to_o fly_v away_o the_o neighbour_n islander_n sail_v thither_o from_o lewis_n and_o they_o allow_v themselves_o eight_o day_n time_n more_o or_o less_o to_o cull_v or_o gather_v they_o up_o until_o they_o load_v their_o berlins_n skiff_n with_o their_o flesh_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n and_o also_o with_o their_o feather_n in_o this_o island_n also_o there_o be_v a_o rare_a kind_n of_o bird_n unknown_a in_o other_o part_n call_v colca_n colca_n it_o be_v little_o less_o than_o a_o goose_n she_o come_v every_o year_n thither_o and_o there_o hatch_n and_o feed_v her_o young_a till_o they_o can_v shift_v for_o themselves_o about_o that_o time_n her_o feather_n fall_v off_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o so_o leave_v her_o naked_a than_o she_o betake_v herself_o to_o the_o sea_n again_o and_o be_v never_o see_v more_o till_o the_o next_o spring_n this_o also_o be_v singular_a in_o they_o that_o their_o feather_n have_v no_o qu●lls_n or_o stalk_n but_o do_v cover_v their_o body_n with_o a_o gentle_a down_o wherein_o there_o be_v no_o hardness_n at_o all_o next_o follow_v the_o orcades_n orcades_n lie_v scatter_v in_o the_o north_n of_o scotland_n partly_o in_o the_o deucaledonian_n and_o partly_o in_o the_o german_a sea_n concern_v the_o name_n of_o they_o writer_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a do_v well_o enough_o agree_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v have_v explain_v neither_o do_v it_o appear_v who_o first_o possess_v they_o all_o say_v that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o german_a original_a but_o from_o what_o nation_n of_o germany_n they_o say_v not_o if_o we_o may_v form_v a_o conjecture_n from_o their_o speech_n both_o heretofore_o and_o now_o they_o use_v the_o sil●sia_n gottish_a language_n some_o think_v they_o be_v pict_n induce_v by_o this_o argument_n that_o the_o sea_n divide_v they_o from_o caithness_n be_v call_v the_o pentland_n sea_n sea_n or_o firth_n they_o judge_v also_o that_o the_o pict_n themselves_o be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o saxon_n ground_v their_o opinion_n chief_o on_o the_o verse_n of_o claudian_n in_o his_o seven_o panegyric_n which_o run_v thus_o maduerunt_fw-la saxone_n fuso_fw-la orcades_n incaluit_fw-la pictorum_fw-la sanguine_fw-la thule_n scotorum_fw-la tumulos_fw-la flevit_fw-la glacialis_fw-la jerne_n english_v thus_o the_o orcades_n be_v moist_a with_o saxon_n gore_n the_o blood_n of_o pict_n there_o spill_v warm_v thule_n shore_n for_o tomb_n of_o scot_n icy_a jern_n weep_v sore_o but_o their_o error_n may_v easy_o be_v refute_v partly_o out_o of_o bede_n the_o anglo-saxon_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o britain_n sing_v the_o tongue_n praise_n of_o god_n in_o five_o several_a language_n reckon_v the_o pictish_a to_o be_v one_o but_o if_o the_o pict_n have_v then_o speak_v the_o saxon_a language_n he_o will_v not_o have_v distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_a which_o then_o the_o english_a use_v without_o corruption_n and_o partly_o also_o out_o of_o those_o very_a verse_n of_o claudian_n where_o he_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o pict_n be_v a_o different_a people_n from_o the_o saxon_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o orcades_n be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o thule_n of_o the_o pict_n but_o whatsoever_o their_o original_a be_v in_o this_o our_o age_n they_o use_v a_o language_n different_a both_o from_o scotch_a and_o english_a but_o very_o near_o the_o gothish_n in_o their_o daily_a conversation_n the_o common_a people_n do_v as_o yet_o retain_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a parsimony_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v very_o sound_a in_o mind_n and_o healthy_a in_o body_n live_v few_o of_o they_o die_v of_o disease_n but_o almost_o all_o of_o they_o of_o old_a age_n and_o their_o ignorance_n of_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n contribute_v more_o to_o the_o maintain_n of_o their_o health_n
first_o of_o all_o receive_v the_o letter_n character_n of_o letter_n from_o the_o marsellian_a greek_n by_o which_o they_o use_v to_o make_v up_o their_o account_n and_o to_o send_v letter_n one_o to_o another_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n be_v greek_a but_o the_o langauge_n be_v gallic_a but_o their_o law_n and_o the_o rite_n of_o their_o religion_n they_o do_v not_o commit_v to_o write_v no_o not_o in_o julius_n caesar_n time_n and_o much_o less_o do_v they_o record_v their_o noble_a exploit_n which_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a be_v very_o considerable_o great_a and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v either_o act_v or_o suffer_v or_o else_o undergo_v in_o italy_n germany_n thrace_n macedonia_n graecia_n and_o asia_n have_v be_v bury_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o oblivion_n so_o that_o posterity_n will_v never_o have_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o if_o foreign_a writer_n have_v not_o record_v and_o transmit_v they_o down_o to_o we_o i_o confess_v in_o spain_n the_o greek_n have_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n and_o before_o they_o the_o phaenician_o who_o inhabit_v the_o shore_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o of_o the_o barbarian_n only_o the_o sidonia_n turdetani_n as_o strabo_n write_v have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o as_o for_o any_o ancient_a writer_n there_o be_v yet_o none_o that_o i_o know_v of_o for_o varro_n pliny_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o latin_a author_n who_o touch_v any_o thing_n by_o the_o by_o concern_v the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o spain_n they_o confirm_v their_o opinion_n therein_o rather_o by_o bare_a conjecture_n than_o the_o solid_a testimony_n of_o writer_n in_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o caesar._n caesar_n visit_v there_o be_v no_o ancient_a record_n at_o all_o and_o among_o the_o more_o inland_a inhabitant_n which_o be_v more_o barbarous_a they_o be_v much_o less_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o when_o he_o ask_v they_o concern_v the_o origin_n of_o their_o nation_n and_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n thereof_o as_o he_o write_v they_o return_v he_o no_o certain_a answer_n at_o all_o after_o caesar_n cornelius_n tacitus_n tacitus_n a_o author_n both_o faithful_a and_o diligent_a when_o the_o roman_a navy_n have_v course_v about_o britain_n and_o have_v discover_v all_o the_o inmost_a road_n and_o recess_n thereof_o yet_o he_o find_v out_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n that_o he_o can_v commit_v to_o posterity_n moreover_o tacitus_n gildas_n who_o live_v above_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o tacitus_n do_v affirm_v that_o what_o he_o write_v be_v not_o from_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n of_o which_o he_o can_v find_v none_o at_o all_o but_o from_o transmarine_a report_n as_o for_o all_o germany_n that_o country_n be_v furnish_v with_o learning_n last_o of_o all_o but_o see_v she_o have_v nothing_o to_o produce_v out_o of_o old_a record_n which_o can_v be_v avouch_v for_o truth_n according_a to_o her_o wont_a ingenuity_n in_o other_o case_n she_o coin_v no_o fiction_n of_o her_o own_o to_o obtrude_v on_o the_o world_n so_o then_o they_o who_o affirm_v that_o they_o deduce_v the_o original_a of_o the_o britan_n from_o old_a annal_n must_v first_o tell_v we_o who_o transmit_v down_o those_o annal_n to_o we_o as_o also_o where_o they_o have_v be_v conceal_v so_o long_o and_o how_o they_o come_v down_o uncorrupted_a to_o we_o after_o so_o many_o age_n in_o this_o case_n some_o fly_n to_o the_o bard_n and_o seneciones_n sanachy_n as_o the_o preserver_n of_o ancient_a record_n but_o very_o ridiculous_o which_o will_v be_v more_o clear_o understand_v if_o i_o explain_v what_o kind_n of_o man_n these_o be_v to_o who_o they_o will_v have_v credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o matter_n so_o momentous_a and_o those_o so_o obscure_a too_o and_o so_o remote_a from_o our_o memory_n first_o we●e_v strabo_n and_o ammianus_n do_v clear_o enough_o express_v what_o the_o bard_n be_v both_o before_o and_o also_o in_o their_o time_n but_o we●e_v lucan_n do_v it_o very_o plain_o and_o succinct_o as_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n in_o these_o verse_n vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la laudibus_fw-la in_o longum_fw-la vat●s_fw-la diffunditis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plurima_fw-la s●curi_fw-la fud●stis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n english_v thus_o you_o bard_n such_o valiant_a soul_n as_o fall_v in_o war_n perpetuate_v with_o rhime_n and_o praise_n rare_a but_o the_o very_o old_a of_o they_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o letter_n neither_o do_v they_o leave_v any_o record_n of_o ancient_a matter_n behind_o they_o the_o other_o be_v bardling_n or_o sanachy_n as_o they_o call_v they_o which_o be_v maintain_v by_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o ancient_n clan_n and_o by_o some_o wealthy_a man_n beside_o one_o a_o piece_n on_o purpose_n to_o chant_v out_o by_o heart_n the_o memory_n of_o their_o patron_n and_o the_o achievement_n of_o their_o ancestor_n from_o their_o first_o rise_n but_o these_o too_o have_v no_o learning_n at_o all_o let_v any_o man_n judge_n what_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o all_o who_o hope_n and_o subsistence_n do_v depend_v on_o soothe_v and_o flatter_v of_o other_o beside_o though_o what_o they_o deliver_v be_v most_o true_a yet_o it_o will_v not_o much_o advance_v the_o writer_n of_o a_o history_n last_o let_v we_o consider_v how_o often_o the_o writer_n of_o such_o famous_a deed_n as_o be_v past_a be_v find_v in_o manifest_a mistake_v how_o often_o they_o themselves_o do_v waver_v doubt_v fluctuate_v and_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n and_o how_o vast_o some_o of_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o and_o not_o a_o few_o contradict_v themselves_o if_o such_o lapse_n be_v incident_a even_o to_o those_o who_o seek_v after_o truth_n with_o great_a labour_n and_o study_n what_o can_v we_o hope_v for_o from_o such_o other_o person_n who_o be_v without_o learning_n by_o which_o they_o who_o casual_o mistake_v may_v be_v better_o inform_v and_o those_o who_o mistake_v on_o purpose_n may_v be_v confront_v do_v trust_v their_o memory_n alone_o i_o may_v allege_v that_o the_o memory_n be_v often_o time_n impair_v by_o disuse_n it_o be_v weaken_v by_o age_n or_o whole_o lose_v by_o some_o disease_n beside_o if_o they_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o please_v their_o patron_n as_o it_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v or_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o cross_v they_o or_o if_o the_o passion_n of_o anger_n hatred_n or_o envy_n do_v intervene_v which_o pervert_v the_o judgement_n who_o can_v affirm_v any_o thing_n for_o truth_n upon_o such_o man_n authority_n or_o who_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o refute_v it_o though_o it_o be_v false_a or_o who_o will_v deliver_v down_o for_o certain_a what_o he_o receive_v from_o such_o uncertain_a author_n wherefore_o in_o so_o great_a a_o silence_n of_o old_a why_o writer_n concern_v matter_n of_o antiquity_n who_o be_v all_o so_o huge_o ignorant_a even_o of_o thing_n act_v in_o their_o own_o time_n there_o be_v nothing_o assure_o true_a and_o sincere_a i_o count_v it_o more_o modest_a to_o be_v silent_a in_o what_o one_o know_v not_o than_o by_o devise_v falsehood_n to_o betray_v one_o own_o ignorance_n and_o to_o slight_a and_o despise_v the_o better_a judgement_n of_o other_o men._n it_o follow_v then_o that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o scarcity_n of_o writer_n among_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n thither_o all_o thing_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o profound_a darkness_n of_o silence_n in_o so_o much_o that_o we_o can_v get_v no_o information_n of_o what_o be_v act_v even_o by_o the_o roman_n themselves_o otherwise_o than_o from_o greek_a and_o latin_a monument_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o precede_v their_o come_n we_o may_v believe_v rather_o their_o conjecture_n than_o our_o own_o fiction_n for_o what_o our_o writer_n have_v deliver_v every_o one_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o his_o own_o sept_n or_o nation_n be_v so_o absurd_a that_o i_o shall_v have_v count_v my_o time_n lose_v to_o go_v about_o to_o refel_v it_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o who_o delight_v in_o such_o fable_n as_o if_o they_o be_v as_o true_a as_o gospel_n and_o so_o pride_v themselves_o with_o the_o ornament_n of_o other_o man_n feather_n moreover_o the_o disagreement_n of_o late_a writer_n make_v a_o great_a accession_n to_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o task_n for_o they_o deliver_v such_o repugnancy_n that_o a_o man_n can_v well_o tell_v who_o to_o follow_v yea_o there_o be_v such_o a_o absurdity_n among_o they_o that_o all_o of_o they_o seem_v most_o deserve_o fit_a to_o be_v reject_v neither_o do_v i_o so_o much_o wonder_n at_o the_o silence_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o obscure_a or_o the_o dissonancy_n of_o late_a writer_n in_o feign_a falsehood_n as_o at_o
that_o avarice_n may_v be_v also_o bound_v and_o forbear_v when_o the_o fear_n of_o penury_n as_o it_o must_v be_v upon_o a_o throne_n be_v remove_v malcolm_n subjoin_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o now_o make_v a_o ingenious_a confession_n to_o he_o as_o his_o friend_n than_o to_o be_v find_v guilty_a hereafter_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o they_o both_o for_o myself_o to_o deal_v plain_o with_o you_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n nor_o sincerity_n in_o i_o i_o confide_v in_o no_o body_n live_v but_o i_o change_v my_o design_n and_o counsel_n upon_o every_o blast_n of_o suspicion_n and_o th●s_n from_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o my_o own_o disposition_n i_o use_v to_o make_v a_o judgement_n of_o other_o man_n whereupon_o mackduff_n reply_v avaunt_o say_v he_o thou_o disgrace_v and_o prodigy_n of_o the_o royal_a name_n and_o stock_n worthy_a to_o be_v send_v into_o the_o remote_a desert_n than_o to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o throne_n and_o in_o a_o great_a anger_n he_o be_v about_o to_o fling_v away_o then_o malcolm_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o his_o dissimulation_n to_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v be_v so_o often_o assault_v by_o the_o wiles_n of_o macbeth_n that_o he_o do_v not_o dare_v light_o to_o trust_v every_o body_n but_o now_o he_o see_v no_o cause_n to_o suspect_v any_o fraud_n in_o macduff_n in_o respect_n either_o of_o his_o lineage_n his_o manner_n fame_n nor_o fortune_n thus_o they_o plight_v their_o faith_n one_o to_o another_o consult_v concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o tyrant_n and_o advise_v their_o friend_n of_o it_o by_o secret_a message_n king_n edward_n assist_v he_o with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n over_o who_o malcolm_n grandfather_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n be_v make_v general_n macbeth_n at_o the_o report_n of_o this_o army_n march_v there_o be_v a_o great_a combustion_n in_o scotland_n and_o many_o flock_v in_o daily_a to_o the_o new_a king_n macbeth_n be_v desert_v by_o almost_o all_o his_o man_n in_o so_o sudden_a a_o revolt_n not_o know_v what_o better_a course_n to_o take_v shut_v up_o himself_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o dunsinnan_n and_o send_v his_o friend_n into_o the_o aebudae_n and_o into_o ireland_n with_o money_n to_o hire_v soldier_n malcolm_z understanding_n his_o design_n make_v up_o direct_o towards_o he_o the_o people_n pray_v for_o he_o all_o along_o as_o he_o go_v and_o with_o joyful_a acclamation_n wish_v he_o good_a success_n his_o soldier_n take_v this_o as_o a_o omen_n of_o victory_n and_o thereupon_o stick_v up_o green_a bough_n in_o their_o helmet_n represent_v a_o army_n triumph_v rather_o than_o go_v to_o fight_n macbeth_n be_v terrify_v at_o the_o confidence_n of_o his_o enemy_n immediate_o flee_v and_o his_o soldier_n forsake_v by_o their_o leader_n surrender_v themselves_o up_o to_o malcolm_n some_o of_o our_o writer_n do_v here_o record_v many_o fable_n which_o be_v like_o 77._o milesian_n tales_n and_o fit_a for_o the_o stage_n than_o a_o history_n and_o therefore_o i_o omit_v they_o macbeth_n reign_v seventeen_o year_n in_o the_o first_o ten_o he_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o very_a good_a king_n in_o the_o last_o seven_o he_o equal_v the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o worst_a of_o tyrant_n malcolm_z iii_o the_o eighty_o sixth_n king_n malcolm_z have_v thus_o recover_v his_o father_n kingdom_n be_v declare_v king_n at_o scone_n the_o 25_o the_o day_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 1057._o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o convene_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o forsar_n where_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o restore_v to_o the_o child_n their_o father_n estate_n who_o have_v be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o macbeth_n he_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o introduce_v scotland_n new_a and_o foreign_a name_n as_o distinguishment_n of_o degree_n in_o honour_n which_o he_o borrow_v from_o his_o neighbor-nation_n and_o be_v no_o less_o barbarous_a than_o the_o former_a be_v such_o as_o be_v duke_n marquess_n earl_n baron_n rider_n or_o knight_n scotland_n mackduff_n the_o thane_n of_o fife_n be_v the_o first_o who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n confer_v upon_o he_o and_o many_o other_o afterward_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a merit_n be_v honour_v with_o new_a title_n some_o write_v that_o at_o that_o time_n nobleman_n begin_v to_o be_v surname_v by_o their_o land_n which_o i_o think_v be_v false_a for_o that_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o receive_v among_o the_o ancient_a scot_n and_o beside_o than_o all_o scotland_n use_v their_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o surname_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o greek_n they_o add_v their_o father_n name_n to_o their_o own_o or_o else_o adjoin_v a_o word_n take_v from_o some_o event_n or_o from_o some_o mark_n of_o body_n or_o mind_n and_o that_o this_o custom_n do_v then_o obtain_v among_o the_o gaul_n be_v plain_a by_o those_o royal_a surname_n of_o crassus_n calvus_n balbus_n and_o also_o by_o the_o surname_n of_o many_o noble_a family_n in_o england_n especial_o such_o as_o follow_v william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o fix_v their_o habitation_n there_o for_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v surname_n from_o land_n be_v receive_v but_o late_o among_o the_o other_o gaul_n as_o appear_v by_o frossard_n history_n no_o mean_a author_n mackduff_n have_v three_o request_n grant_v to_o he_o as_o a_o reward_n for_o his_o service_n one_o that_o his_o posterity_n shall_v place_v the_o king_n who_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o chair_n of_o state_n another_o mackduff●_n that_o they_o shall_v lead_v the_o van_n of_o the_o king_n army_n and_o a_o three_o that_o if_o any_o of_o his_o family_n be_v guilty_a of_o the_o unpremeditated_a slaughter_n of_o a_o nobleman_n he_o shall_v pay_v four_o and_o twenty_o mark_n of_o silver_n as_o a_o fine_a if_o of_o a_o plebeian_n twelve_o mark_n which_o last_o law_n be_v observe_v till_o the_o day_n of_o our_o father_n as_o long_o as_o any_o of_o that_o family_n be_v in_o be_v whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v act_v at_o forfar_n they_o who_o remain_v of_o the_o faction_n of_o macbeth_n carry_v his_o son_n luthlac_n to_o scone_n who_o be_v surname_v fatuus_fw-la from_o his_o disposition_n and_o there_o he_o be_v salute_v king_n malcolm_n assault_v he_o in_o the_o valley_n aberdeen_n bogian_n where_o he_o be_v malcolm_n slay_v three_o month_n after_o he_o have_v usurp_v the_o name_n of_o king_n yet_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o his_o kingly_a race_n his_o and_o his_o father_n body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o royal_a sepulcher_n in_o mul._n jonia_n afterward_o he_o reign_v four_o year_n in_o peace_n then_o word_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o a_o great_a troop_n of_o robber_n be_v nest_v in_o cockburn-forest_n and_o that_o they_o infest_a lothian_n and_o merch_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o husbandman_n patric_n dunbar_n with_o some_o trouble_n overcome_v they_o lose_v forty_o of_o his_o own_o man_n in_o the_o onset_n and_o kill_v 600_o of_o them_o forty_o more_o of_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v patric_n for_o this_o exploit_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o merch._n the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o so_o settle_v that_o no_o open_a force_n can_v hurt_v the_o king_n yet_o he_o be_v assault_v by_o private_a overcome_v conspiracy_n the_o whole_a plot_n be_v discover_v to_o he_o whereupon_o he_o send_v for_o the_o head_n of_o the_o faction_n and_o after_o much_o familiar_a discourse_n he_o lead_v he_o aside_o into_o a_o secret_a valley_n command_v his_o follower_n to_o stay_v behind_o there_o he_o upbraid_v he_o with_o the_o former_a benefit_n bestow_v on_o he_o and_o declare_v to_o he_o the_o plot_n he_o have_v contrive_v against_o his_o life_n add_v further_o if_o thou_o have_v courage_n enough_o why_o do_v thou_o not_o now_o set_v upon_o i_o see_v we_o be_v both_o arm_v that_o so_o thou_o may_v obtain_v thy_o desire_n by_o valour_n not_o by_o treachery_n he_o be_v amaze_v at_o this_o sudden_a discovery_n fall_v down_o on_o his_o knee_n and_o ask_v pardon_n of_o the_o king_n who_o be_v a_o merciful_a as_o well_o as_o valiant_a prince_n easy_o forgive_v he_o matthew_n paris_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edgar_n to_o who_o next_o to_o edward_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n belong_v be_v drive_v by_o contrary_a wind_n come_v into_o scotland_n with_o his_o whole_a family_n what_o i_o be_o to_o speak_v concern_v this_o person_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v i_o shall_v fetch_v thing_n a_o little_a high_o canutus_n edmond_n king_n of_o england_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o subject_n canutus_n the_o dane_n who_o reign_v over_o part_n of_o the_o island_n present_o seize_v upon_o
cast_v before_o your_o eye_n remember_v saul_n king_n of_o israel_n how_o he_o be_v raise_v up_o from_o a_o low_a to_o a_o sovereign_a estate_n and_o how_o many_o blessing_n he_o receive_v from_o god_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v obedient_a to_o his_o law_n but_o when_o he_o slight_v and_o turn_v aside_o from_o his_o commandment_n how_o miserable_o be_v he_o punish_v compare_v the_o success_n of_o your_o affair_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o this_o very_a day_n with_o his_o prosperity_n and_o unless_o you_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o your_o design_n expect_v no_o happy_a issue_n nay_o rather_o a_o worse_a end_n than_o he_o for_o he_o do_v design_n the_o same_o project_n which_o you_o now_o act_n and_o that_o to_o gratify_v some_o base_a varlet_n who_o can_v neither_o hide_v their_o open_a wickedness_n nor_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o endeavour_v to_o dissemble_v they_o the_o george_n regent_n be_v affect_v at_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o write_v back_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o cardinal_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o precipitate_v the_o process_n but_o let_v the_o whole_a matter_n alone_o till_o he_o come_v himself_o for_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o consent_v to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o the_o man_n till_o he_o have_v more_o diligent_o inquire_v into_o his_o cause_n and_o if_o the_o cardinal_n do_v otherwise_o the_o man_n blood_n shall_v light_v on_o his_o head_n for_o he_o testify_v by_o these_o letter_n that_o he_o himself_o be_v free_a therefrom_o the_o cardinal_n be_v unexpected_o surprise_v with_o this_o answer_n he_o know_v w●ll_n enough_o that_o if_o delay_n be_v make_v in_o the_o case_n the_o prisoner_n will_v be_v deliver_v as_o be_v a_o popular_a man_n and_o beside_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v bring_v under_o a_o debate_n partly_o because_o the_o man_n have_v be_v already_o condemn_v by_o the_o ecclesiastic_n he_o will_v have_v no_o recognition_n make_v so_o that_o he_o be_v raging_o angry_a and_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n he_o have_v take_v authority_n and_o his_o reply_n be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o write_v to_o the_o regent_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_a authority_n independent_o without_o he_o but_o for_o a_o specious_a pretence_n to_o the_o vulgar_a that_o his_o name_n may_v be_v to_o the_o condemnation_n hereupon_o george_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o prison_n and_o john_n windram_n a_o learned_a man_n and_o a_o hearty_a though_o secret_a favourer_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o religion_n be_v command_v to_o mount_v a_o kind_n of_o pulpit_n there_o erect_v and_o to_o preach_v he_o take_v his_o text_n out_o of_o mat._n 13._o which_o say_v that_o the_o good_a seed_n be_v the_o word_n of_o god_n but_o the_o evil_a seed_n be_v heresy_n in_o his_o discourse_n define_v heresy_n he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o false_a opinion_n evident_o repugnant_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o maintain_v with_o obstinacy_n and_o that_o it_o be_v occasion_v and_o also_o support_v and_o foster_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o pastor_n of_o the_o church_n who_o do_v not_o know_v how_o either_o to_o convince_v heretic_n or_o to_o reduce_v those_o who_o be_v go_v astray_o by_o the_o spiritual_a sword_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o god_n afterward_o he_o explain_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o bishop_n out_o of_o the_o epistle_n to_o timothy_n and_o show_v that_o there_o be_v only_o one_o way_n to_o find_v out_o heresy_n which_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o test_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n at_o length_n when_o he_o make_v a_o end_n though_o what_o he_o speak_v make_v against_o the_o priest_n who_o be_v there_o assemble_v not_o to_o refute_v heresy_n but_o to_o punish_v those_o who_o oppose_v their_o licentious_a arrogance_n yet_o as_o if_o all_o thing_n go_v well_o on_o their_o side_n they_o hale_v forth_o george_n to_o a_o pulpit_n or_o scaffold_n build_v in_o the_o church_n that_o so_o they_o may_v observe_v their_o accustom_a form_n in_o judgement_n over_o against_o he_o there_o be_v another_o pulpit_n which_o john_n lauder_n a_o popish_a priest_n mount_v and_o the_o rest_n stand_v all_o about_o he_o as_o it_o be_v to_o judge_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o a_o judgement_n or_o of_o a_o free_a disputation_n in_o the_o case_n for_o the_o accuser_n thunder_v out_o many_o odious_a and_o abominable_a slander_n such_o as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v common_o forge_v against_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o pure_a doctrine_n with_o great_a acerbity_n of_o word_n and_o thus_o have_v spend_v some_o hour_n george_n be_v bring_v back_o again_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o lodge_v in_o the_o governor_n be_v chamber_n spend_v great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n that_o night_n in_o prayer_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o bishop_n send_v two_o franciscan_n to_o he_o to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o his_o death_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o to_o know_v whether_o they_o shall_v confess_v he_o as_o be_v usual_a in_o such_o case_n he_o tell_v they_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o friar_n nor_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o discourse_v they_o but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o gratify_v he_o in_o the_o thing_n than_o he_o desire_v to_o confer_v with_o that_o learned_a man_n which_o preach_v yesterday_o whereupon_o the_o bishop_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o go_v to_o the_o castle_n and_o george_n have_v a_o long_a discourse_n with_o windram_n who_o after_o he_o have_v cease_v weep_v which_o for_o a_o while_o he_o can_v not_o refrain_v very_o friendly_o demand_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o will_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n with_o all_o my_o heart_n say_v george_n if_o i_o may_v receive_v it_o under_o both_o kind_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n according_a to_o christ_n institution_n windram_n return_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o george_n do_v solemn_o profess_v death_n that_o he_o be_v innocent_a of_o the_o crime_n of_o which_o he_o be_v accuse_v which_o he_o speak_v not_o to_o deprecate_v his_o death_n now_o at_o hand_n but_o only_o to_o testify_v his_o innocency_n before_o man_n as_o it_o be_v before_o sufficient_o know_v to_o god_n the_o cardinal_n be_v much_o enrage_v ay_o say_v he_o we_o know_v well_o enough_o what_o you_o be_v be_v further_o demand_v whether_o he_o will_v admit_v he_o to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n he_o talk_v a_o little_a with_o the_o bishop_n and_o with_o their_o consent_n make_v answer_n that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o a_o stubborn_a heretic_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n shall_v enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o church_n that_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o he_o and_o about_o nine_o of_o the_o clock_n the_o friend_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n sit_v down_o to_o breakfast_n they_o ask_v george_n whether_o he_o will_v eat_v with_o they_o very_o willing_o say_v he_o and_o much_o more_o so_o than_o in_o former_a time_n because_o i_o perceive_v that_o you_o be_v good_a man_n and_o fellow-member_n with_o i_o of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o because_o i_o know_v that_o this_o be_v the_o last_o meal_n i_o shall_v eat_v on_o earth_n and_o for_o you_o speak_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n and_o for_o that_o love_n which_o you_o bear_v to_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n that_o you_o will_v sit_v down_o a_o while_n with_o we_o and_o vouchsafe_v i_o the_o hear_v whilst_o i_o give_v you_o a_o short_a exhortation_n and_o so_o pray_v over_o this_o bread_n which_o as_o brethren_n in_o christ_n we_o be_v about_o to_o eat_v and_o then_o i_o will_v bid_v you_o farewell_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o cloth_n be_v lay_v according_a to_o custom_n and_o bread_n set_v on_o when_o george_n make_v a_o brief_a and_o clear_a discourse_n for_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n concern_v christ_n last_a supper_n his_o suffering_n and_o death_n but_o above_o all_o he_o exhort_v they_o to_o lay_v aside_o anger_n envy_n and_o malice_n and_o to_o have_v mutual_a love_n impress_v on_o their_o mind_n that_o so_o they_o may_v become_v perfect_a member_n of_o christ_n who_o daily_o intercede_v for_o we_o with_o his_o father_n that_o our_o sacrifice_n may_v be_v accept_v by_o he_o to_o eternal_a life_n when_o he_o have_v thus_o speak_v he_o give_v thanks_o and_o then_o break_v the_o bread_n and_o give_v to_o every_o one_o a_o piece_n and_o then_o the_o wine_n after_o he_o himself_o have_v drink_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n entreat_v they_o to_o remember_v the_o death_n of_o christ_n now_o in_o the_o last_o sacrament_n with_o he_o as_o for_o himself_o a_o bitter_a portion_n be_v prepare_v for_o he_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o his_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o then_o have_v again_o give_v thanks_o he_o return_v to_o
presumptuous_a confidence_n in_o descend_v to_o debate_v her_o cause_n after_o that_o fashion_n and_o therefore_o say_v the_o queen_n see_v they_o be_v so_o averse_a from_o the_o way_n of_o concord_n which_o i_o propose_v i_o will_v detain_v you_o no_o long_o but_o if_o she_o hereafter_o repent_v of_o her_o present_a sentiment_n of_o which_o i_o have_v some_o hope_v and_o take_v the_o course_n chalk_v out_o by_o i_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o you_o for_o your_o part_n will_v perform_v your_o duty_n thus_o we_o be_v love_o and_o kind_o dismiss_v and_o the_o 8_o the_o day_n of_o april_n begin_v our_o journey_n towards_o our_o own_o country_n this_o account_n be_v give_v at_o sterlin_n by_o the_o ambassador_n before_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o estate_n whereupon_o the_o care_n and_o diligence_n of_o the_o ambassador_n be_v unanimous_o approve_v other_o matter_n they_o refer_v to_o the_o first_o of_o may_n a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v against_o that_o time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o party_n bestir_v themselves_o one_o to_o promote_v the_o other_o to_o hinder_v the_o assemble_v thereof_o the_o wise_a senator_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n will_v never_o let_v the_o scot_n queen_n depart_v as_o foresee_v how_o dangerous_a her_o deliverance_n will_v be_v to_o all_o britain_n in_o the_o interim_n mention_n be_v make_v by_o some_o of_o demand_v the_o scot_n king_n as_o a_o hostage_n for_o his_o mother_n rather_o in_o hope_n to_o hinder_v a_o concord_n than_o to_o establish_v it_o england_n for_o she_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o scot_n will_v never_o yield_v to_o it_o but_o there_o be_v some_o potent_a man_n in_o her_o council_n who_o do_v secret_o favour_v the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n faction_n these_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o queen_n of_o scot_n shall_v be_v deliver_v and_o thereby_o the_o adverse_a faction_n may_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v break_v and_o diminish_v that_o so_o they_o may_v obtain_v that_o point_n from_o she_o by_o necessity_n which_o they_o see_v they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o do_v neither_o do_v they_o doubt_v but_o the_o matter_n will_v come_v to_o that_o pass_n if_o the_o ●_z be_v assist_v with_o money_n and_o other_o furniture_n for_o war_n from_o france_n and_o the_o royalist_n have_v their_o eye_n only_o on_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n who_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n large_o promise_v they_o upon_o understand_v the_o flagitious_a act_n of_o the_o queen_n that_o she_o will_v take_v a_o special_a care_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n neither_o can_v the_o french_a king_n well_o compass_v his_o design_n he_o be_v willing_a the_o scot_n queen_n shall_v be_v deliver_v but_o not_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o english_a hand_n and_o hear_v how_o strong_a the_o norfolk_n faction_n be_v which_o be_v all_o for_o innovation_n he_o do_v not_o despair_n but_o that_o the_o scot_n queen_n may_v in_o time_n escape_v out_o of_o prison_n private_o or_o be_v deliver_v by_o his_o mean_n thus_o stand_v the_o state_n of_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n morton_n have_v give_v a_o laudable_a account_n of_o his_o embassy_n to_o the_o convention_n at_o sterlin_n return_v to_o his_o own_o house_n about_o 4_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n he_o have_v a_o company_n of_o 100_o foot_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n to_o guard_v his_o house_n and_o to_o defen●_n himself_o if_o the_o townsman_n shall_v attempt_v to_o make_v any_o excursion_n till_o more_o force_n may_v come_v in_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o queen_n faction_n be_v master_n of_o the_o town_n edinburgh_n and_o set_v guard_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n and_o level_v all_o their_o design_n to_o exclude_v the_o regent_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o parliament_n which_o be_v indict_v to_o be_v hold_v at_o edinburgh_n whereupon_o morton_n be_v command_v by_o the_o regent_n with_o 20_o horse_n and_o about_o 70_o foot_n for_o the_o rest_n have_v pass_n to_o go_v abroad_o for_o forage_n to_o march_v to_o leith_n who_o be_v to_o make_v a_o public_a proclamation_n there_o for_o they_o have_v garrison_v edinburgh_n already_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v assist_v the_o rebel_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n either_o with_o provision_n arm_n or_o any_o other_o warlike_a furniture_n they_o that_o do_v so_o be_v to_o undergo_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o they_o they_o know_v themselves_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o town-souldier_n them_o send_v their_o foot_n another_o way_n about_o which_o be_v cover_v by_o a_o hill_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o city_n common_o call_v arthur_n seat_n and_o the_o horse_n pass_v near_o the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n not_o a_o man_n of_o the_o enemy_n stir_v out_o when_o they_o have_v do_v what_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v at_o leith_n they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o fortune_n at_o their_o return_n for_o the_o foot_n refuse_v to_o march_v back_o the_o same_o way_n that_o they_o come_v but_o return_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o horse_n near_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n and_o so_o pass_v with_o they_o under_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o try_v what_o metal_n themselves_o be_v make_v of_o and_o their_o enemy_n retreat_n too_o when_o lo_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o sally_n be_v make_v out_o against_o they_o from_o two_o of_o the_o gate_n at_o first_o they_o fight_v manful_o so_o that_o the_o oppidans_n be_v drive_v back_o in_o disorder_n into_o the_o town_n with_o no_o great_a loss_n it_o be_v true_a yet_o it_o easy_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v inferior_a in_o valour_n though_o superior_a in_o number_n the_o regent_n have_v nothing_o in_o readiness_n to_o assault_v the_o town_n and_o have_v no_o time_n neither_o seat_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sudden_a sit_v of_o the_o parliament_n to_o bring_v any_o great_a gun_n thither_o think_v it_o better_a to_o desist_v from_o force_n and_o to_o hold_v the_o parliament_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o edinburgh_n castle_n for_o that_o city_n be_v stretch_v out_o most_o in_o length_n they_o who_o first_o compass_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n leave_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o in_o the_o suburb_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o part_n have_v the_o full_a privilege_n of_o citizen_n as_o well_o as_o those_o within_o the_o wall_n there_o the_o convention_n be_v hold_v for_o the_o lawyer_n give_v their_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o city_n it_o meet_v in_o this_o parliament_n these_o be_v declare_v traitor_n viz._n the_o chief_a of_o they_o who_o hold_v out_o the_o castle_n especial_o those_o who_o out_o of_o consciousness_n of_o their_o guilt_n of_o the_o king_n be_v and_o regent_n murder_n have_v avoid_v trial_n the_o rebel_n be_v thus_o condemn_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o judgement_n of_o which_o court_n be_v of_o very_o great_a authority_n lest_o the_o commonalty_n which_o ordinary_o be_v at_o the_o beck_n of_o the_o nobility_n shall_v be_v alienate_v from_o they_o they_o also_o of_o the_o number_n which_o they_o have_v there_o make_v up_o a_o convention_n such_o as_o it_o be_v few_o appear_v there_o who_o have_v any_o lawful_a right_n to_o vote_n and_o of_o they_o some_o come_v not_o into_o the_o assembly_n at_o all_o some_o present_v themselves_o but_o as_o spectator_n only_o abstain_v from_o all_o judiciary_n act_n so_o that_o they_o have_v neither_o a_o just_a number_n of_o voice_n nor_o be_v they_o assemble_v either_o in_o due_a time_n or_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n yet_o that_o they_o may_v make_v show_n of_o a_o lawful_a sufficient_a number_n two_o bishop_n and_o some_o other_o which_o be_v absent_a a_o thing_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o send_v in_o their_o vote_n hurt_n in_o write_v at_o haphazard_n as_o be_v doubtful_a of_o the_o event_n of_o that_o assembly_n at_o this_o time_n the_o castle_n continual_o play_v with_o great_a gun_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o noble_n be_v assemble_v and_o though_o the_o bullet_n often_o fall_v among_o crowd_n of_o people_n yet_o they_o neither_o hurt_n nor_o kill_v so_o much_o as_o one_o man._n there_o be_v but_o few_o condemn_v in_o either_o convention_n and_o both_o party_n appoint_v another_o convention_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o august_n one_o at_o sterlin_n the_o other_o at_o edinburgh_n when_o the_o assembly_n be_v dismiss_v neither_o party_n issue_v out_o one_o upon_o other_o indict_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o truce_n between_o they_o thereupon_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v with_o morton_n be_v press_v man_n slip_v away_o to_o their_o own_o home_n they_o who_o keep_v the_o town_n know_v that_o morton_n have_v but_o a_o small_a party_n for_o his_o guard_n and_o be_v willing_a also_o to_o cry_n quit_v for_o their_o former_a