hundred_o thousand_o livre_n all_o this_o provide_v he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n and_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n these_o advantageous_a proposal_n be_v hearken_v to_o and_o grant_v and_o according_o he_o be_v elect_a king_n by_o these_o mean_v lithuania_n be_v in_o time_n unite_v to_o poland_n and_o from_o a_o hereditaty_a state_n be_v become_v a_o part_n of_o a_o elective_a republic_n which_o change_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n do_v not_o altogether_o approve_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v full_o effect_v till_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o family_n for_o be_v unwilling_a to_o deprive_v their_o heir_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n by_o submit_v to_o make_v lithuania_n elective_a they_o still_o delay_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o convention_n allege_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o lithuania_n will_v never_o suffer_v it_o lest_o by_o such_o a_o union_n they_o shall_v lose_v their_o ancient_a degree_n and_o dignity_n thing_n remain_v in_o this_o condition_n while_o there_o be_v prince_n of_o that_o family_n to_o be_v elect_v at_o last_o the_o lithuanian_n perceive_v that_o it_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o eruption_n from_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n the_o muscovite_n they_o consent_v to_o a_o union_n the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n verify_v also_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o the_o regard_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o point_n of_o election_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n only_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n i_o must_v own_o that_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n which_o concur_v to_o cause_v the_o polander_n to_o impose_v that_o condition_n on_o stephen_n batori_fw-la for_o thus_o they_o do_v not_o only_o express_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n but_o avoid_v the_o expense_n which_o they_o must_v otherwise_o have_v be_v at_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o two_o princess_n but_o that_o which_o engage_v they_o the_o rather_o to_o act_v thus_o be_v the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valds_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o marry_v she_o for_o that_o prince_n have_v receive_v the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n private_o leave_v poland_n the_o 18_o of_o june_n 1574_o and_o return_v to_o france_n after_o he_o have_v be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 24_o of_o february_n and_o have_v remain_v five_o month_n with_o the_o republic_n the_o polander_n therefore_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v thus_o more_o strong_o bind_v stephen_n batori_fw-la to_o their_o interest_n oblige_v he_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n though_o she_o be_v somewhat_o elderly_a but_o this_o prove_v of_o a_o very_a unhappy_a consequence_n for_o all_o the_o church_n of_o sweden_n for_o stephen_n battori_n die_v afterward_o at_o iroane_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n 1586_o without_o leave_v any_o issue_n the_o republic_n still_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n choose_v sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o catharine_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n and_o thus_o nephew_n to_o queen_n anne_n stephen_n battoris_n widow_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o election_n sigismond_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v poland_n the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n leave_v the_o government_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n the_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n who_o afterward_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o he_o abolish_v the_o roman_a religion_n and_o establish_v the_o lutheran_n which_o he_o public_o profess_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o polander_n as_o to_o their_o prefer_v the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n before_o other_o be_v so_o true_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o acknowledge_v a_o regal_a state_n even_o at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v all_o stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n they_o choose_v venda_n to_o be_v their_o queen_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o line_n of_o cracus_n their_o third_n king_n long_o after_o this_o lewis_z king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v wed_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o republic_n meet_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1312_o and_o the_o diet_n past_o a_o constitution_n whereby_o sigismond_n be_v exclude_v however_o declare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o princess_n his_o wife_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v afterward_o their_o vote_n for_o ziemowitz_n duke_n of_o masovia_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v wed_v hedwige_n who_o be_v king_n lewis_n daughter_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o mother_n will_v not_o consent_v that_o her_o daughter_n shall_v marry_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o prince_n as_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n though_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v not_o only_o some_o consideration_n for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n but_o that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o king_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o oblige_v king_n john_n casimir_n to_o marry_v queen_n maria_n aloisia_n the_o widow_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o proposal_n that_o be_v make_v to_o queen_n eleonor_n of_o austria_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n michael_n during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n in_o the_o year_n 1674._o for_o the_o pole_n insist_v upon_o that_o queen_n marry_v the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n for_o who_o the_o french_a use_v their_o interest_n insomuch_o that_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o may_n four_o bishop_n come_v to_o that_o queen_n and_o assure_v she_o that_o provide_v she_o will_v consent_v to_o wed_v that_o prince_n he_o will_v certain_o be_v elect_v and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o different_a party_n will_v be_v reunite_v but_o queen_n eleonor_n who_o be_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o who_o then_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n make_v they_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o she_o have_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o diet_n who_o will_v take_v care_n of_o her_o interest_n a_o draw_v trezebsckâ—_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o that_o be_v depute_v on_o that_o account_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o afterward_o to_o chancellor_n patz_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v her_o chief_a councillor_n but_o that_o chancellor_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n the_o election_n shall_v fall_v on_o prince_n charles_n of_o lorraine_n who_o the_o emperor_n do_v very_o earnest_o recommend_v make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o other_o but_o the_o prince_n of_o lorraine_n and_o not_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n the_o event_n soon_o convince_v he_o of_o his_o error_n and_o make_v he_o know_v that_o he_o have_v take_v wrong_a measure_n and_o not_o understand_v his_o true_a interest_n for_o as_o he_o have_v govern_v king_n michael_n and_o still_o have_v a_o absolute_a sway_n over_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o queen_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v govern_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n who_o be_v young_a and_o who_o his_o queen_n may_v have_v incline_v as_o she_o will_v have_v think_v fit_a the_o chancellor_n batz_n be_v so_o positive_a in_o his_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v it_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o his_o word_n and_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v engage_v it_o to_o any_o body_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v it_o inviolable_o his_o own_o interest_n not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v he_o recant_v and_o indeed_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n ambassador_n at_o belveder_n whither_o i_o keep_v he_o company_n make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o his_o own_o interest_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o measure_n for_o i_o understand_v afterward_o from_o he_o that_o considerable_a offer_n have_v be_v make_v he_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v represent_v to_o he_o what_o advantage_n the_o election_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n will_v bring_v to_o all_o his_o family_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o affect_v he_o and_o so_o that_o conference_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n neither_o for_o he_o nor_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n
of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o gentleman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o be_v choose_v in_o each_o palatinat_n the_o lay-member_n once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o ecclesiastic_n every_o two_o year_n the_o judgement_n be_v give_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a the_o number_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o secular_a there_o be_v also_o two_o court_n for_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o finance_n one_o at_o radom_n in_o upper_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n take_v cognizance_n of_o nothing_o but_o such_o matter_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o jew_n the_o marshal_n give_v final_a judgement_n without_o further_a appeal_n in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a relate_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o to_o the_o domestic_a servant_n of_o the_o senator_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n extend_v over_o the_o merchant_n and_o over_o all_o forreignner_n who_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o procure_v justice_n in_o this_o country_n the_o chancellor_n only_o determine_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o by_o appeal_n as_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o of_o palatine_n when_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o a_o christian_a and_o a_o jew_n the_o punishment_n of_o malefactor_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n some_o for_o example_n be_v hang_v and_o other_o behead_v the_o variety_n of_o punishment_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o criminal_n but_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o they_o hang_v a_o robber_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v and_o they_o behead_v all_o sort_n of_o person_n for_o all_o other_o crime_n but_o robbery_n unless_o for_o some_o enormous_a villainy_n which_o be_v punish_v by_o break_v the_o malefactor_n on_o the_o wheel_n or_o by_o cut_v off_o two_o thoug_n or_o long_a piece_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o his_o back_n master_n have_v also_o a_o power_n to_o correct_v and_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v be_v a_o gentleman_n they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o upon_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n that_o be_v spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n than_o a_o man_n beat_v he_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o cord_n or_o stick_v give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v or_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v usual_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o who_o be_v beat_v embrace_v the_o knee_n of_o he_o who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o call_v he_o his_o benefactor_n this_o correction_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a since_o i_o have_v mention_v the_o way_n of_o punish_v servant_n who_o be_v gentleman_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o observe_v that_o polish_v gentleman_n may_v serve_v as_o coachman_n groom_n cook_n and_o do_v all_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o their_o nobility_n or_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v footboy_n to_o some_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v drummer_n to_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n and_o in_o the_o general_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o handicraft-trade_n that_o derogate_v from_o nobility_n in_o this_o country_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n marriage_n and_n funeral_n be_v extreme_o chargeable_a in_o poland_n for_o when_o a_o gentleman_n marry_v whether_o he_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a the_o wedding_n must_v last_v three_o day_n the_o marriage_n of_o a_o waiting-gentlewoman_n put_v her_o lady_n to_o almost_o the_o same_o charge_n as_o if_o one_o of_o she_o own_o daughter_n be_v marry_v as_o for_o the_o marriage_n at_o court_n of_o the_o queen_n maid_n of_o honour_n or_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o some_o great_a lord_n on_o the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n the_o king_n make_v the_o wedding-feast_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o a_o great_a hall_n where_o three_o table_n be_v spread_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n sit_v at_o the_o first_o front_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hall_n the_o bride_n and_o bridegroom_n be_v seat_v by_o the_o queen_n side_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n sit_v next_o the_o king_n the_o ambassador_n be_v also_o seat_v at_o the_o same_o table_n opposite_a to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n so_o that_o they_o be_v all_o under_o the_o canopy_n of_o state_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o at_o the_o feast_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o make_v at_o cracow_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o constance_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1606_o he_o cause_v the_o cardinal_n maciejowski_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o be_v nominate_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o under_o the_o canopy_n the_o lady_n senators_z and_o all_o the_o officer_n except_o those_o who_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n be_v seat_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o other_o two_o table_n which_o be_v very_o long_o before_o they_o sit_v down_o they_o be_v all_o call_v over_o in_o order_n that_o they_o may_v take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o their_o rank_n the_o feast_n begin_v usual_o about_o four_o or_o five_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o they_o continue_v drink_v and_o dance_v till_o two_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o senator_n rise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n from_o the_o table_n and_o go_v before_o the_o king_n to_o drink_v his_o health_n and_o do_v he_o obedience_n by_o bend_v the_o knee_n though_o the_o table_n be_v cover_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n yet_o they_o eat_v but_o little_a at_o those_o feast_n but_o they_o drink_v abundance_n of_o hungary_n wine_n which_o be_v very_o excellent_a and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o dear_a it_o be_v more_o common_a and_o less_o spare_v than_o water_n and_o there_o be_v not_o a_o lady_n at_o table_n who_o have_v not_o before_o her_o a_o dozen_o of_o glass_n of_o wine_n of_o all_o the_o health_n that_o be_v drink_v round_o for_o their_o modesty_n oblige_v they_o only_o to_o touch_v the_o glass_n with_o their_o lip_n so_o that_o they_o spill_v more_o wine_n upon_o the_o table_n and_o in_o the_o dish_n than_o they_o drink_v after_o the_o entertainment_n have_v last_v five_o or_o six_o hour_n they_o begin_v to_o dance_v to_o the_o music_n of_o several_a violin_n and_o small_a portable_a organ_n all_o sort_n of_o people_n dance_n in_o poland_n both_o the_o old_a the_o young_a the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich._n the_o old_a senator_n and_o the_o old_a lady_n begin_v the_o dance_n which_o they_o do_v so_o soft_o and_o modest_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o be_v a_o company_n of_o monk_n and_o nun_n walk_v in_o procession_n but_o the_o exercise_n grow_v warm_a by_o degree_n and_o end_n at_o last_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n on_o the_o second_o day_n every_o one_o present_n the_o bride_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o plate_n all_o those_o present_n be_v make_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o bride_n who_o sit_v by_o she_o those_o who_o present_v they_o make_v harangue_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o long_o and_o troublesome_a and_o the_o queen_n chancellor_n answer_v they_o all_o so_o that_o this_o ceremony_n which_o common_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o noon_n last_v sometime_o till_o three_o a_o clock_n after_o which_o they_o begin_v to_o place_v themselves_o at_o the_o table_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v perform_v all_o the_o young_a people_n accompany_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o bride_n to_o church_n on_o horseback_n in_o their_o return_n they_o pass_v before_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o trumpet_n and_o kettledrum_n continual_o sound_a from_o the_o balcony_n on_o each_o side_n after_o which_o the_o same_o train_n conduct_n the_o king_n and_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o bride_n to_o the_o bridegroom_n house_n where_o there_o be_v a_o magnificent_a entertainment_n prepare_v for_o they_o after_o they_o rise_v from_o the_o table_n they_o dance_v and_o the_o ball_n be_v over_o every_o one_o retire_v then_o the_o bride_n begin_v to_o weep_v for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o polish_v gentlewoman_n to_o shed_v tear_n on_o that_o occasion_n and_o to_o seem_v very_o much_o afflict_v because_o otherwise_o they_o will_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o impudent_a and_o shameless_a woman_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o wedding_n i_o proceed_v to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o funeral_n which_o be_v so_o pompous_a and_o
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
with_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n and_o all_o that_o be_v present_a at_o court_n the_o company_n be_v of_o tradesman_n walk_v thither_o barefoot_a in_o procession_n each_o of_o they_o accompany_v with_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o coffin_n cover_v with_o a_o pall_n support_v by_o two_o men._n thus_o the_o whole_a multitude_n go_v to_o visit_v the_o relic_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o year_n 1079_o by_o king_n boleslaus_n as_o he_o be_v say_v mass_n after_o which_o they_o bring_v back_o the_o body_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n to_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o be_v the_o buryingplace_n of_o his_o predecessor_n the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v the_o coronation-day_n the_o ceremony_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_n for_o stephen_n battori_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v of_o the_o faction_n of_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o a_o party_n of_o polander_n have_v choose_v and_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n die_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n this_o day_n the_o king_n be_v rich_o clothe_v be_v conduct_v in_o solemn_a procession_n to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n before_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o kingdom_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o lay_v they_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n and_o bold_v he_o between_o they_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n the_o king_n be_v in_o this_o condition_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o he_o kiss_v the_o archbishop_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o gospel_n he_o swear_v to_o observe_v inviolable_o all_o the_o article_n which_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n the_o oath_n run_v thus_o we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n massovia_n prussia_n samogitia_n livonia_n smolensko_n volhinia_n kiovia_n siberia_n podolia_n podlassia_n and_o czernikowia_fw-la by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o estate_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o of_o all_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v incorporate_v with_o they_o have_v be_v elect_v free_o and_o with_o the_o vnanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o promise_v sincere_o and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o maintain_v observe_v keep_v and_o fulfil_v in_o all_o their_o circumstance_n point_n and_o article_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a that_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o both_o these_o nation_n or_o to_o any_o law_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o temporal_a that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o esiablish_v by_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n or_o grant_v by_o all_o the_o order_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o all_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n lord_n baron_n gentleman_n citizen_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o with_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la agree_v upon_o betwixt_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n moreover_o we_o promise_v to_o maintain_v whatsever_fw-fr be_v fuâ—â—ed_v or_o agree_v upon_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o our_o election_n or_o shall_v be_v enact_v or_o agree_v upon_o in_o that_o of_o our_o coronation_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o and_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o unite_v to_o their_o land_n and_o revenue_n whatsoever_o have_v be_v in_o any_o in_o owner_n alinate_v or_o dismember_a therefront_n by_o what_o way_n soever_o not_o to_o contract_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n but_o to_o defend_v and_o enlarge_v they_o to_o establish_v court_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o place_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o render_v justice_n to_o every_o one_o without_o delay_n or_o respect_n to_o person_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v violate_v our_o oath_n in_o any_o one_o point_n we_o consent_v that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o all_o our_o territory_n shall_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n they_o owe_v we_o after_o the_o king_n have_v take_v this_o oath_n he_o kneel_v upon_o a_o cushion_n of_o red_a taffata_n while_o the_o litany_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v read_v at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o they_o take_v off_o his_o clothes_n and_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_v up_o to_o the_o elbow_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o afterward_o his_o shoulder_n and_o forehead_n and_o then_o they_o put_v on_o his_o clothes_n again_o after_o this_o ceremony_n the_o two_o bishop_n conduct_v he_o to_o the_o chapel_n where_o they_o clothe_v he_o with_o another_o habit_n somewhat_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o bishop_n then_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n with_o the_o officer_n that_o be_v senator_n place_v he_o upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n where_o he_o hear_v mass_n and_o be_v afterward_o bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o archbishop_n put_v a_o naked_a sword_n into_o his_o right-hand_n say_v receive_v this_o sword_n with_o which_o you_o be_v powerful_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n and_o the_o faithful_a after_o which_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gird_n it_o to_o his_o side_n the_o king_n have_v the_o sword_n by_o his_o side_n draws_z it_o out_o of_o the_o scabbard_n and_o beat_v the_o air_n four_o time_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n towards_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o have_v wipe_v it_o upon_o his_o left_a arm_n he_o put_v it_o up_o again_o into_o the_o seabbard_n then_o he_o kneel_v and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o his_o left_a after_o which_o the_o king_n rise_v and_o his_o sword_n be_v draw_v and_o give_v to_o the_o sword-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v carry_v before_o he_o and_o then_o march_v between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o same_o throne_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o archbishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n and_o after_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v sing_v and_o that_o prelate_n seat_v the_o king_n come_v to_o make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o after_o which_o he_o give_v the_o sacrament_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o then_o the_o benediction_n to_o the_o people_n this_o do_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n cry_v vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o be_v answer_v by_o all_o the_o people_n who_o repeat_v the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v money_n among_o the_o people_n who_o be_v in_o the_o church_n '_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o describe_v the_o feast_n that_o usual_o follow_v this_o ceremony_n since_o i_o intend_v in_o a_o peculiar_a chapter_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n only_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o a_o feast_n which_o a_o king_n make_v after_o his_o coronation_n be_v very_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a the_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n to_o the_o townhouse_n where_o upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o all_o the_o gate_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n assure_v they_o reciprocal_o of_o the_o affection_n and_o clemency_n of_o the_o king_n and_z reads_z with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v and_o hold_v up_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o present_v his_o majesty_n with_o a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n after_o
which_o he_o restore_v the_o key_n and_o make_v some_o of_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o city_n or_o of_o some_o other_o place_n golden_a knight_n by_o strike_v they_o soft_o with_o his_o naked_a sword_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n this_o do_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n scatter_v some_o piece_n of_o silver_n among_o the_o people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n go_v to_o a_o house_n that_o look_v into_o the_o square_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o the_o castle_n with_o the_o same_o train_n that_o accompany_v he_o to_o the_o townhouse_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o get_v himself_o crown_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o show_v what_o advantage_n he_o receive_v by_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o assoon_o as_o the_o polish_v nobleman_n have_v choose_v their_o king_n they_o begin_v to_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o a_o formidable_a body_n that_o oppose_v all_o his_o design_n now_o he_o can_v either_o weaken_v they_o or_o strengthen_v himself_o more_o effectual_o than_o by_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o favour_n he_o bestow_v upon_o '_o they_o for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o office_n benesices_n and_o royal_a gift_n which_o amonnt_n to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o can_v do_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n nevertheless_o the_o late_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o observe_v this_o maxim_n that_o though_o he_o may_v have_v be_v crown_v immediate_o after_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n which_o be_v may_n 19_o 1674._o he_o do_v not_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n till_o feb._n 2._o 1676._o during_o which_o time_n he_o make_v two_o campagnes_n one_o in_o vkrania_n and_o the_o other_o in_o podolia_n as_o for_o that_o in_o vkrania_n he_o set_v out_o from_o warsaw_n august_n 22._o 1674._o and_o advance_v towards_o leopold_n where_o his_o army_n be_v to_o rendezvous_n there_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n lie_v sick_a at_o casimir_n upon_o the_o vistula_n whereupon_o he_o leave_v the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n and_o arrive_v at_o casimir_n on_o the_o 8_o of_o october_n not_o long_o after_o he_o return_v to_o the_o army_n because_o the_o night_n begin_v to_o grow_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o a_o cold_a climate_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o retire_v after_o the_o turk_n have_v withdraw_v their_o force_n the_o king_n lead_v the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o of_o lithuania_n which_o both_o together_o amount_v to_o about_o 30000_o man_n into_o vkrania_n where_o he_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o that_o the_o lithuanian_a troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o great_a general_n patz_n abandon_v he_o to_o avoid_v the_o miserable_a fate_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v so_o harass_v with_o hunger_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o less_o than_o 3000_o man_n for_o the_o king_n stay_v in_o vkrania_n till_o april_n and_o arrive_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o that_o month_n at_o sloczow_n whither_o the_o queen_n be_v come_v to_o receive_v he_o the_o turk_n understanding_n that_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v ruin_v in_o vkrania_n that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v back_o with_o the_o miserable_a remnant_n of_o his_o force_n and_o that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n have_v leave_v he_o against_o his_o will_n they_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n 1675_o when_o the_o king_n be_v at_o jawarow_n think_v of_o nothing_o but_o to_o refresh_v himself_o after_o the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o precede_a campaign_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o ottoman_a army_n which_o consist_v of_o 30000_o turk_n and_o 80000_o tartar_n he_o set_v out_o from_o jawarow_a the_o 10_o of_o july_n and_o march_v in_o haste_n to_o leopold_n which_o the_o turk_n threaten_v to_o besiege_v he_o encamp_v near_o the_o city_n with_o about_o 3000_o man_n who_o he_o have_v draw_v together_o and_o the_o turk_n be_v inform_v of_o his_o weakness_n send_v a_o body_n of_o 14000_o tartar_n to_o force_v his_o camp_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attack_v he_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v kill_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o august_n 1675_o in_o the_o attack_z of_o the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v only_o one_o horse_n wound_v with_o a_o arrow_n for_o the_o tartar_n retire_v without_o lose_v one_o of_o their_o man_n or_o wound_v one_o of_o their_o enemy_n the_o turk_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o poland_n for_o have_v once_o enter_v russia_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o not_o return_v soon_o enough_o they_o be_v surprise_v with_o so_o violent_a a_o cold_a that_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n and_o many_o be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o horse_n belly_n into_o which_o they_o have_v creep_v to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o the_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o oblige_v they_o to_o retire_v out_o of_o poland_n by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n at_o far_a chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v discourse_v at_o length_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o election_n and_o coronation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o queen_n it_o be_v certain_o of_o great_a importance_n to_o the_o republic_n that_o a_o king_n when_o he_o marry_v shall_v choose_v a_o princess_n who_o alliance_n may_v be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o state_n and_o therefore_o this_o article_n be_v insert_v in_o the_o paeta_n conventa_fw-la which_o the_o new_a king_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o they_o be_v as_o much_o concern_v as_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o queen_n though_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o choose_v any_o of_o his_o child_n to_o succeed_v he_o so_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n unless_o he_o resolve_v to_o violate_v his_o oath_n and_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n of_o his_o people_n who_o be_v not_o easy_o pacify_v on_o such_o occasion_n thus_o when_o sigismond_n iii_o marry_v ann_n of_o austria_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o he_o meet_v with_o so_o much_o opposition_n in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n as_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n so_o he_o can_v divorce_v his_o wife_n without_o the_o same_o approbation_n for_o when_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o jagellon_n separate_v from_o elizabeth_n of_o austria_n because_o of_o a_o crime_n with_o which_o she_o be_v false_o charge_v and_o after_o her_o death_n marry_v one_o radziwill_n a_o widow_n of_o a_o palatin_n of_o troki_n the_o senator_n be_v so_o exasperate_v that_o they_o have_v almost_o proceed_v to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a because_o he_o slight_v his_o fair_a and_o chaste_a queen_n and_o wife_n and_o marry_v the_o widow_n of_o a_o simple_a palatin_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o vladislaus_n the_o iv_o pursue_v wise_a maxim_n he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o irritate_v a_o stubborn_a and_o seditious_a people_n and_o have_v a_o more_o tender_a regard_n to_o the_o article_n he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n offer_v he_o his_o niece_n the_o elector_n palatine_n daughter_n in_o marriage_n he_o decline_v the_o match_n and_o declare_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o obtain_v because_o the_o princess_n be_v a_o protestant_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n marry_v after_o his_o coronation_n the_o queen_n can_v be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o if_o he_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v cause_v she_o also_o to_o be_v crown_v without_o ask_v their_o consent_n so_o that_o the_o report_n which_o be_v spread_v abroad_o after_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n iii_o be_v false_a and_o groundless_a for_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n will_v
not_o be_v crown_v and_o that_o the_o austrian_a faction_n oppose_v it_o both_o because_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n bear_v and_o because_o she_o be_v but_o a_o private_a gentlewoman_n but_o the_o event_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o she_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n with_o her_o husband_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n but_o if_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o a_o catholic_n she_o can_v be_v crown_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o helen_n the_o wife_n of_o alexander_n i._o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n the_o republic_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v crown_v though_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n ought_v to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n we_o find_v that_o this_o ceremony_n have_v be_v sometime_o perform_v in_o other_o place_n for_o queen_n cecilia_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1637._o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v the_o next_o year_n that_o the_o queen_n shall_v always_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1670._o it_o be_v true_a this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v the_o king_n must_v desire_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n himself_o conduct_v she_o to_o the_o church_n and_o present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n the_o archbishop_n anoint_v she_o with_o the_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o her_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o her_o left_a the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v no_o officer_n but_o a_o marshal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n neither_o of_o who_o be_v senator_n but_o only_a judge_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v among_o her_o domestic_n they_o answer_v the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n when_o a_o ambassador_n make_v she_o a_o compliment_n in_o his_o master_n name_n or_o when_o a_o present_a be_v make_v to_o she_o at_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o maid_n of_o honour_n the_o king_n furnish_v the_o queen_n with_o money_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o household_n but_o after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o must_v maintain_v herself_o and_o all_o her_o retinue_n with_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n bestow_v upon_o she_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n both_o for_o her_o dowry_n and_o for_o her_o marriage-present_a these_o revenue_n be_v call_v the_o reformation_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o starosty_n which_o she_o can_v enjoy_v till_o they_o become_v vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n so_o that_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v frequent_o keep_v from_o her_o estate_n till_o she_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o leave_v it_o for_o sometime_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o starosty_n that_o be_v in_o her_o reformation_n outlive_v she_o but_o if_o the_o king_n die_v before_o the_o queen_n reformation_n be_v settle_v upon_o she_o the_o republic_n allow_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-land_n as_o they_o do_v to_o queen_n eleanor_n in_o the_o year_n 1674_o after_o the_o election_n of_o king_n john_n for_o they_o be_v so_o king_n to_o that_o princess_n as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 120000_o livre_n by_o a_o express_a article_n which_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o she_o choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o kingdom_n than_o to_o see_v a_o french_a gentlewoman_n succeed_v a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n there_o be_v so_o little_a order_n or_o discipline_n observe_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n that_o the_o country_n be_v frequent_o harass_v by_o those_o who_o be_v pay_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v new_a troop_n every_o year_n at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o city_n in_o poland_n but_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o industrious_a in_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n they_o be_v perpetual_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n who_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o order_n to_o oppose_v these_o invasion_n the_o king_n cause_v castle_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o city_n which_o always_o subsist_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n and_o defend_v by_o good_a officer_n and_o discipline_v soldier_n but_o since_o those_o fort_n be_v neglect_v several_a lord_n have_v endeavour_v to_o usurp_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v extend_v their_o dominion_n over_o the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o burgher_n as_o they_o do_v the_o peasant_n in_o the_o village_n those_o who_o the_o king_n entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o those_o place_n do_v not_o employ_v the_o revenue_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o in_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o fortificatious_a whence_o it_o come_v that_o all_o their_o city_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o into_o winter_n quarter_n may_v go_v out_o when_o they_o please_v and_o ravage_n the_o country_n for_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o other_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o order_v to_o set_v out_o and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v without_o mention_v either_o the_o time_n or_o the_o place_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o march_v or_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o quarter_n so_o that_o he_o may_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o sometime_o spend_v a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n in_o march_v to_o a_o place_n which_o he_o may_v have_v reach_v in_o eight_o day_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o disorderly_a march_n must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o city_n and_o village_n through_o which_o the_o soldier_n pass_v nor_o be_v the_o law_n able_a to_o to_o remedy_v such_o a_o insupportable_a grievance_n because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o establish_v magazine_n and_o storehouse_n in_o any_o place_n the_o gentleman_n who_o go_v to_o the_o army_n spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o magnificent_a arm_n fine_a horse_n and_o rich_a apparel_n maintain_v a_o numerous_a train_n of_o servant_n their_o estate_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v so_o vast_a a_o charge_n and_o beside_o they_o receive_v no_o pay_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n constrain_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o extravagant_a vanity_n some_o who_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o less_o violent_a temper_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v a_o fault_n which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v by_o lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o court_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n bestow_v the_o royal_a gift_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n upon_o the_o courtier_n or_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o either_o have_v no_o need_n of_o they_o or_o do_v not_o deserve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o give_v they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v good_a service_n in_o the_o army_n where_o they_o have_v spend_v their_o estate_n and_o expose_v their_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n other_o accuse_v those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o finance_n who_o make_v they_o wait_v very_o long_o for_o their_o pay_n and_o even_o then_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v part_n of_o it_o that_o they_o 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they_o sock_n the_o ordinary_a gentleman_n and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n cause_n some_o bruise_a chaff_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o boot_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o sole_a and_o for_o sock_n but_o i_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o gentry_n for_o the_o peasant_n wear_v no_o linen_n at_o all_o unless_o perhaps_o a_o shirt_n of_o course_n cloth_n the_o polander_v cut_v their_o hair_n above_o their_o ear_n and_o shave_v their_o face_n leave_v only_o one_o large_a whisker_n they_o walk_v grave_o with_o a_o pole-ax_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o sword_n by_o their_o side_n which_o they_o never_o lie_v aside_o but_o when_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n for_o they_o wear_v it_o even_o when_o they_o go_v to_o confession_n and_o when_o they_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n the_o sword_n hang_v at_o a_o thong_n of_o leather_n to_o which_o their_o handkerchief_n be_v fasten_v with_o a_o knife_n in_o a_o sheath_n and_o a_o small_a stone_n set_v in_o silver_n to_o whet_v their_o knife_n on_o every_o morning_n they_o wash_v their_o face_n and_o neck_n with_o cold_a water_n even_o in_o the_o sharp_a wether_n this_o custom_n be_v so_o general_o observe_v among_o they_o that_o the_o father_n make_v their_o child_n wash_v themselves_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o rise_v almost_o all_o the_o woman_n of_o quality_n dress_v after_o the_o french_a mode_n especial_o those_o who_o frequent_a the_o court_n and_o even_o the_o old_a of_o they_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o adorn_v themselves_o and_o wear_v red_a clothes_n they_o be_v extreme_o fond_a of_o fine_a clothes_n modish_a silk_n lace_n point_n ribbon_n hood_n glove_n fine_a shoe_n and_o general_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v bring_v from_o france_n which_o they_o usual_o buy_v very_o dear_a for_o provide_v they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v ready_a money_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o promise_v whatever_o be_v demand_v so_o that_o the_o french_a merchant_n who_o always_o find_v a_o way_n to_o recover_v their_o money_n grow_v quick_o rich_a for_o they_o sell_v ribban_n for_o a_o crown_n a_o yard_n which_o cost_v they_o but_o 15_o penny_n at_o paris_n though_o the_o ell_n in_o poland_n be_v but_o half_a a_o french_a ell._n the_o polander_n be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o splendour_n that_o the_o lady_n never_o go_v abroad_o but_o in_o a_o coach_n draw_v by_o six_o horse_n even_o though_o they_o only_o intend_v to_o cross_v the_o street_n and_o to_o go_v to_o a_o church_n over_o against_o their_o house_n when_o the_o lord_n or_o lady_n go_v abroad_o at_o night_n they_o have_v 24_o flambeau_n of_o white_a wax_n carry_v before_o their_o coach_n the_o lady_n train_n be_v frequent_o hold_v up_o by_o dwarf_n who_o be_v bear_v of_o father_n and_o mother_n of_o a_o very_a large_a stature_n the_o lady_n be_v always_o attend_v by_o a_o old_a woman_n who_o they_o call_v majordome_n the_o gentleman-usher_n who_o ought_v to_o lead_v they_o under_o the_o arm_n be_v a_o old_a gentleman_n who_o follow_v they_o on_o foot_n and_o never_o go_v into_o the_o coach_n but_o the_o horse_n go_v very_o soft_o this_o custom_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o husband_n for_o they_o neither_o do_v nor_o have_v any_o reason_n to_o suspect_v their_o wife_n because_o the_o polish_v lady_n be_v very_o modest_a and_o not_o at_o all_o coquette_n though_o they_o have_v as_o much_o liberty_n as_o in_o france_n but_o ordinary_a woman_n be_v not_o so_o nice_o virtuous_a especial_o the_o maid_n who_o think_v it_o no_o scandal_n to_o their_o reputation_n to_o be_v unmarried_a mother_n nor_o be_v their_o frailty_n any_o hindrance_n to_o their_o fortune_n they_o usual_o serve_v as_o nurse_n for_o a_o marry_v woman_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a will_v not_o nurse_v any_o child_n but_o her_o own_o notwithstanding_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o climate_n they_o be_v so_o much_o addict_v to_o bathe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o gentleman_n house_n without_o a_o bath_n there_o be_v also_o public_a bath_n in_o every_o town_n for_o the_o common_a people_n the_o lady_n and_o their_o daughter_n bath_n once_o a_o month._n it_o be_v a_o universal_a custom_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n to_o bathe_v their_o infant_n twice_o a_o day_n till_o they_o be_v two_o year_n old_a this_o be_v probable_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o polander_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o scabbiness_n in_o the_o face_n or_o head_n the_o child_n be_v never_o hear_v to_o cry_n because_o they_o be_v not_o swath_v but_o only_o wrap_v about_o with_o linen_n clouts_n and_o consequent_o have_v room_n enough_o to_o move_v their_o body_n whereas_o in_o france_n they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n fetter_v with_o cord_n and_o because_o there_o be_v sometime_o girl_n to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o country_n who_o stature_n be_v spoil_v which_o some_o may_v attribute_v to_o the_o neglect_n of_o swath_a they_o in_o their_o infancy_n i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o man_n be_v very_o large_a and_o well-shaped_a and_o that_o the_o ordinary_a girl_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o that_o inconveniency_n so_o that_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o stature_n of_o some_o girl_n of_o quality_n be_v only_o spoil_v by_o their_o governess_n who_o put_v they_o in_o clothes_n too_o soon_o after_o the_o french_a mode_n or_o because_o they_o gird_v they_o too_o close_o and_o know_v not_o how_o to_o dress_v they_o the_o polander_n bear_v the_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o all_o other_o disaster_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o resolution_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v insensible_a and_o as_o they_o endure_v their_o own_o misfortune_n with_o so_o little_o concern_v they_o have_v no_o compassion_n for_o the_o misery_n of_o other_o their_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n which_o frequent_o take_v fire_n they_o will_v stand_v very_o quiet_o to_o see_v a_o house_n burn_v without_o make_v the_o least_o motion_n to_o extinguish_v the_o fire_n and_o even_o there_o be_v so_o little_a tenderness_n in_o their_o temper_n that_o neither_o the_o father_n take_v care_n to_o ransom_n their_o child_n nor_o the_o child_n their_o father_n who_o be_v carry_v away_o slave_n into_o tartary_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o such_o a_o nation_n as_o this_o regard_v the_o condition_n of_o other_o kingdom_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o concern_v themselves_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o foreigner_n that_o though_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o universal_a war_n they_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o offer_v their_o mediation_n to_o negotiate_v a_o peace_n they_o neither_o learn_v to_o ride_v fence_n nor_o dance_n in_o poland_n because_o they_o have_v no_o academy_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o young_a lord_n be_v general_o much_o addict_v to_o travel_v that_o they_o may_v learn_v the_o language_n and_o exercise_n that_o be_v teach_v in_o foreign_a country_n nevertheless_o those_o who_o stay_v at_o home_n ride_v fence_n and_o dance_v after_o their_o own_o fashion_n and_o without_o constraint_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o such_o exercise_n and_o be_v all_o passionate_a lover_n of_o dance_a and_o music_n the_o very_a nurse_n teach_v the_o child_n to_o dance_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o go_v and_o you_o may_v frequent_o see_v two_o little_a child_n dance_v to_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o nurse_n or_o servant_n and_o peasant_n play_v upon_o the_o violin_n while_o they_o be_v bring_v a_o boat_n lade_v with_o corn_n along_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o polander_n will_v be_v invincible_a if_o they_o be_v welldisciplined_a for_o they_o be_v so_o harden_v and_o enure_v to_o fatigue_n that_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o german_n as_o a_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a nation_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o toil_n of_o war_n and_o the_o excessive_a rigour_n of_o the_o winter_n the_o polish_v army_n have_v oftentimes_o encamp_v in_o the_o snow_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o king_n casimir_n set_v out_o from_o leopold_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n and_o lead_v his_o army_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o muscovy_n where_o he_o encamp_v all_o the_o winter_n and_o do_v not_o retire_v till_o the_o next_o spring_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o two_o distemper_n that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o poland_n of_o which_o one_o be_v call_v the_o rose_n and_o the_o other_o the_o plica_fw-la the_o rose_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o erysipela_n which_o chief_o break_v out_o in_o the_o face_n the_o polander_n cure_v this_o disease_n by_o apply_v powder_n of_o chalk_n to_o the_o part_n without_o let_v blood_n for_o they_o fancy_v that_o bleed_a will_v prove_v mortal_a in_o that_o case_n the_o plica_fw-la
be_v a_o twist_v of_o the_o hair_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o unravel_v it_o these_o twist_v lock_n can_v be_v compare_v to_o any_o thing_n more_o fit_o than_o to_o those_o long_a and_o nasty_a rope_n of_o hair_n upon_o some_o spaniel_n the_o polander_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o distemper_n they_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v a_o furious_a irruption_n into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o have_v kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n they_o poison_v their_o heart_n and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o water_n which_o infect_v those_o who_o drink_v they_o with_o this_o loathsome_a disease_n the_o true_a cause_n whereof_o be_v still_o a_o secret_a to_o physician_n stranger_n general_o believe_v that_o the_o plica_fw-la be_v the_o effect_n of_o slovenliness_n and_o not_o of_o any_o distemper_n and_o they_o be_v confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v never_o trouble_v with_o it_o even_o though_o they_o live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o country_n for_o if_o their_o hair_n begin_v to_o twist_n when_o they_o fall_v sick_a they_o cause_v it_o immediate_o to_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o the_o polander_n dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o lose_v their_o sight_n which_o they_o imagine_v be_v a_o unavoidable_a consequence_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o hair_n in_o this_o distemper_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o hair_n be_v actual_o cut_v off_o without_o any_o dangerous_a accident_n but_o the_o people_n be_v so_o persuade_v that_o the_o plica_fw-la be_v a_o distemper_n that_o there_o be_v some_o old_a woman_n who_o pretend_v to_o bring_v it_o out_o upon_o child_n that_o be_v trouble_v with_o languish_v disease_n by_o mix_v and_o twist_v their_o hair_n and_o make_v their_o mother_n believe_v that_o the_o child_n be_v only_o sick_a because_o the_o plica_fw-la can_v break_v forth_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o polander_n receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o mieceslaus_n in_o the_o year_n 964._o and_o have_v ever_o since_o remain_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n except_o some_o who_o in_o the_o last_o age_n embrace_v the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n and_o calvin_n at_o present_v the_o polander_n be_v general_o roman_a catholic_n except_o in_o russia_n where_o there_o be_v still_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o person_n who_o observe_v the_o rite_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o in_o prussia_n where_o there_o be_v many_o lutheran_n as_o at_o dantzick_n elbing_n thorn_n and_o mariemburg_n there_o be_v also_o some_o socinian_n former_o but_o king_n john_n casimir_n expel_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1658_o and_o oblige_v they_o to_o sell_v their_o estate_n in_o three_o year_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v the_o first_o who_o turn_v calvinist_n and_o protect_v those_o of_o that_o persuasion_n in_o his_o house_n at_o vilna_n where_o they_o sing_v the_o psalm_n translate_v into_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n but_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o radziwill_n be_v now_o whole_o extinct_a the_o last_o have_v leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n second_o son_n the_o ecclesiastic_n in_o general_n be_v very_o much_o respect_v in_o poland_n but_o the_o monk_n or_o regular_a clergy_n be_v more_o esteem_v than_o the_o rest_n and_o well_o entertain_v every_o where_n they_o read_v homily_n in_o the_o church_n and_o carry_v the_o sacrament_n private_o to_o sick_a person_n and_o even_o sometime_o bury_v the_o dead_a without_o ask_v the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o curate_n the_o mendicant_a friar_n who_o go_v about_o beg_v alm_n enter_v bold_o to_o the_o very_a closet_n without_o knock_v at_o the_o door_n the_o monk_n in_o poland_n be_v general_o rich_a but_o they_o be_v neither_o regular_a nor_o modest_a for_o they_o usual_o drink_v in_o cellar_n which_o be_v the_o tavern_n of_o that_o country_n and_o sometime_o to_o that_o excess_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n without_o fear_v either_o to_o be_v censure_v by_o their_o superior_n or_o to_o give_v any_o occasion_n of_o scandal_n to_o the_o people_n the_o fast_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o monk_n and_o by_o all_o the_o polander_n in_o general_n consist_v only_o in_o abstain_v from_o milk_n egg_n and_o boil_a fish_n at_o night_n for_o they_o may_v eat_v dry_v fish_n for_o their_o collation_n and_o provide_v they_o fast_o at_o that_o time_n they_o imagine_v that_o they_o may_v eat_v and_o drink_v all_o the_o day_n long_o they_o abstain_v from_o butter_n egg_n and_o milk_n on_o friday_n and_o saturday_n for_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o milk_n and_o flesh_n as_o for_o the_o secular_a clergy_n there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o who_o have_v not_o only_o two_o canonship_n but_o two_o parsonage_n but_o there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o who_o take_v care_n to_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o their_o function_n the_o curate_n make_v the_o monk_n instruct_v their_o parishioner_n and_o leave_v the_o other_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o vicar_n the_o canon_n be_v never_o present_a at_o the_o office_n and_o give_v a_o poor_a scholar_n two_o penny_n a_o day_n to_o say_v their_o hour_n for_o they_o in_o the_o quire_n and_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o be_v so_o careless_a of_o their_o episcopal_a function_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o correct_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n the_o polander_n seem_v very_o devout_a and_o bestow_v considerable_a gift_n upon_o their_o church_n but_o they_o be_v neither_o liberal_a to_o the_o poor_a nor_o careful_a of_o their_o sick_a servant_n they_o pray_v aloud_o in_o the_o church_n and_o at_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n at_o mass_n they_o beat_v themselves_o and_o knock_v their_o head_n against_o the_o pavement_n or_o against_o the_o bench_n on_o which_o they_o sit_v with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o on_o such_o occasion_n there_o be_v always_o a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o church_n the_o woman_n common_o use_v their_o prayer-book_n with_o a_o chaplet_n of_o bead_n draw_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o '_o they_o in_o winter_n all_o the_o lady_n of_o quality_n and_o even_o some_o man_n cause_n a_o fur_v bag_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o church_n in_o which_o they_o put_v their_o foot_n for_o the_o wether_n be_v extreme_o cold_a especial_o for_o the_o woman_n who_o have_v fine_a thin_a shoe_n they_o wear_v also_o a_o little_a fur_v mantle_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n the_o church_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o well-adorned_a the_o jesuit_n of_o leopold_n have_v a_o chasuble_a cover_v so_o thick_a with_o pearl_n and_o so_o heavy_a that_o they_o can_v use_v it_o when_o they_o say_v mass_n it_o be_v value_v at_o above_o 100000_o livre_n they_o sing_v somewhat_o in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n every_o where_o especial_o in_o the_o parish_n at_o high-mass_n the_o rosary_n be_v also_o daily_o repeat_v in_o the_o same_o language_n in_o all_o the_o church_n of_o the_o dominican_n where_o the_o woman_n be_v seat_v on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o man_n on_o the_o other_o the_o man_n alone_o sing_v the_o ave_fw-la maria_n and_o the_o woman_n alone_o the_o sancta_fw-la maria._n there_o be_v monk_n of_o all_o order_n in_o poland_n except_o carthusian_n and_o minim_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o poland_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a the_o former_a be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o execute_v it_o by_o their_o official_o from_o who_o judgement_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o may_v judge_v all_o ecclesiastic_a cause_n by_o appeal_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o judge_n the_o starosta_n hold_n court_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o territory_n and_o each_o city_n have_v a_o right_a to_o give_v judgement_n in_o certain_a case_n every_o palatin_n marshal_n and_o chancellor_n have_v his_o respective_a jurisdiction_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o general_a diet_n determine_v civil_a and_o criminal_a cause_n and_o beside_o the_o nobility_n have_v three_o court_n where_o they_o give_v final_a judgement_n in_o cause_n without_o further_a appeal_n there_o be_v two_o of_o those_o court_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o duchy_n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n sit_v at_o peotrkow_n in_o lower_n and_o lublin_n in_o upper_a poland_n and_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n be_v hold_v one_o year_n at_o viina_n and_o another_o at_o minsk_n or_o at_o nowogrodeck_n by_o turn_n they_o be_v compose_v
for_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n that_o several_a candidate_n for_o their_o crown_n must_v needs_o bring_v into_o their_o kingdom_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o candidate_n begin_v to_o make_v party_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o native_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v by_o a_o article_n of_o the_o association_n afore_o mention_v prince_n james_n and_o prince_n alexander_n his_o brother_n appear_v among_o the_o other_o who_o make_v interest_n for_o the_o throne_n they_o have_v for_o competitor_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorrrain_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n will_v not_o appear_v and_o order_v his_o minister_n the_o abbot_n scarlati_fw-la to_o sollicit_v for_o prince_n james_n the_o division_n in_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o foreign_a candidate_n but_o they_o be_v happy_o extinguish_v by_o the_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n james_n with_o his_o mother_n and_o thereby_o their_o interest_n which_o be_v divide_v before_o be_v reunite_v and_o prince_n alexander_n quit_v his_o pretension_n the_o primate_n contribute_v much_o to_o this_o reconciliation_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o deep_o engage_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o report_v and_o as_o it_o appear_v afterward_o prince_n james_n want_v neither_o merit_n nor_o money_n and_o yet_o by_o a_o unaccountable_a fatality_n he_o be_v not_o much_o belove_v by_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v be_v witness_n of_o his_o valour_n in_o several_a rencounter_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v have_v declare_v for_o that_o prince_n because_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n brother-in-law_n but_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o reserve_v and_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n show_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v engage_v for_o another_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v certain_o endow_v with_o excellent_a quality_n and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o meet_v at_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o encouragement_n or_o reward_n he_o deserve_v and_o though_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o trust_v he_o with_o the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n yet_o all_o the_o world_n own_v that_o he_o be_v very_o worthy_a of_o that_o great_a employment_n and_o most_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v afraid_a of_o his_o capacity_n whatever_o it_o be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v no_o soon_o dead_a but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n think_v of_o promote_a the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n his_o minister_n in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v in_o august_n magnify_v very_o much_o the_o zeal_n and_o affection_n the_o king_n his_o master_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o give_v some_o hint_n to_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o his_o kindness_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v choose_v a_o successor_n to_o their_o king_n worthy_a of_o their_o crown_n this_o be_v not_o express_v in_o plain_a term_n for_o it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o begin_v few_o day_n after_o his_o cabal_n and_o make_v use_v of_o such_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v the_o royal_a family_n odious_a to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v oblige_v to_o forbid_v he_o her_o presence_n and_o to_o complain_v of_o he_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o disow_v in_o public_a the_o conduct_n of_o his_o minister_n though_o likely_a it_o be_v approve_v in_o secret_n the_o french_a know_v that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a recommendation_n in_o poland_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v persuade_v to_o sell_v or_o rather_o mortgage_v his_o estate_n and_o the_o french_a king_n remit_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o minister_n which_o gain_v he_o so_o great_a a_o party_n that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o think_v of_o prevent_v his_o election_n and_o therefore_o to_o redouble_v their_o intrigue_n if_o merit_n alone_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n will_v have_v carry_v the_o crown_n but_o his_o highness_n want_v money_n his_o party_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o when_o the_o election_n come_v on_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o to_o the_o young_a duke_n of_o lorraine_n neither_o the_o great_a action_n of_o his_o father_n nor_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o the_o senate_n be_v able_a to_o gain_v her_o friend_n enough_o to_o stand_v it_o out_o against_o prince_n james_n and_o prince_n of_o conti._n the_o winter_n be_v spend_v in_o intrigue_n and_o a_o great_a many_o libel_n come_v out_o upon_o the_o subject_a some_o write_n for_o prince_n james_n other_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o other_o against_o both_o the_o nephew_n of_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v then_o at_o paris_n and_o have_v spend_v his_o money_n be_v arrest_v for_o debt_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v notice_n thereof_o come_v himself_o to_o the_o prison_n pay_v all_o his_o debt_n and_o give_v he_o what_o money_n he_o want_v to_o return_v home_o this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o generosity_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o civility_n wherewith_o he_o have_v accompany_v that_o service_n that_o he_o proclaim_v it_o in_o poland_n and_o engage_v his_o uncle_n into_o his_o interest_n however_o prince_n james_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o strong_a party_n till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n which_o happen_v on_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n 1697._o that_o prince_n who_o know_v what_o pretension_n the_o pole_n have_v upon_o livonia_n be_v against_o the_o election_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o especial_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o recommendation_n of_o that_o prince_n it_o be_v believe_v prince_n james_n will_v have_v be_v elect_v for_o many_o of_o those_o who_o appear_v afterward_o against_o he_o seem_v the_o most_o zealous_a for_o his_o interest_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n draw_v nigh_o the_o queen_n think_v fit_a to_o remove_v a_o second_o time_n from_o warsaw_n to_o dantzick_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o her_o presence_n in_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n prince_n james_n with_o count_n jablonowsky_n general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o party_n of_o the_o emperor_n do_v their_o utmost_a to_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o because_o they_o suspect_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v foment_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o french_a the_o queen_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o crown-general_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n and_o thereupon_o a_o new_a negotiation_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o which_o the_o account_n of_o their_o arrear_n be_v adjust_v between_o their_o own_o deputy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o all_o other_o point_n be_v so_o far_o settle_v that_o every_o body_n think_v their_o confederacy_n at_o a_o end_n however_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o one_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o spread_v in_o the_o army_n that_o the_o crown-general_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o their_o general_n and_o of_o some_o other_o whereupon_o they_o declare_v they_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o accommodation_n and_o baronowsky_n publish_v a_o manifesto_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o army_n for_o continue_v in_o this_o confederacy_n and_o resolve_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o great_a poland_n and_o royal_a prussia_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n at_o leopold_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o say_v manifesto_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n adjudge_v it_o a_o act_n of_o rebellion_n and_o publish_a a_o decree_n by_o which_o they_o declare_v the_o confederated_a troop_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n this_o declaration_n fright_v most_o of_o the_o troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o demand_v another_o conference_n with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o in_o short_a they_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o crown-general_n on_o the_o 11_o of_o may_n 1697_o in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o lemberg_n baronowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o confederate_n beg_v pardon_n with_o a_o audible_a voice_n at_o the_o general_n be_v foot_n touch_v the_o footstool_n of_o his_o seat_n with_o his_o forehead_n and_o kiss_v his_o foot_n under_o which_o he_o