Fleming Bishop of Lincoln in the eighth year of the reign of King Henry the 5 th founded this Colledge by the name of Lincoln Colledge which was afterward in Richard the thirds time in the year of our Lord 1479. by Thomas Rotheram Bishop of the same Sea and Secretary to four Kings much augmented and increased D r Kilbie a learned Hebrician was Head of this Colledge and that learned School-Divine D r Sanderson was Fellow of this House All-Souls Colledge 1437. Henry Chichley Archbishop of Canterbury layed in Oxford the foundation of two goodly Colledges this and that of S t Iohns Colledge the last being reedified by S r Thomas White Lord Maior of London There is Vita Henrici Chichele Descripta ab Arthuro Dâ—â—k Magdalen Colledge Founded 1459. William Wainflet Bishop of Winshester founded first Magdalen Hall after that this Colledge dedicating the same to the honour of S. Mary Magdalen He builded also a great part of Eaton Colledge before begun by King Henry the sixt Prince Henry was of this Colledge Claimund and Doctor Bond were Presidents of it Brazeâ—-Nose Colledge Founded 1515. William Smith Bishop of Lincoln during the reign of King Henry the 7 th laid the foundation of this Colledge After whose death Richard Sutton Esquire took upon him to perfect the same which he accomplished Alexander Nowel was of this house M r Bolton and I think M r Iohn Ball. Corpus Christi Colledge Founded 1516. Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester and Godfather to King Henry the 8 th founded this Colledge It nourished Iewel Rainolds Wâ—tton Hooker Cardinal Pool who was chosen Pope D r Featley and other learned men Christ-Church Colledge Founded 1546. Thomas Wolsey Cardinal Archbishop of York and Lord high Chancellour of England laid the foundation of a most ample and spacious Colledge but he falling his design failed with the Founder Henry the eight enriched the same with many goodly revenues annexing thereunto Canterbury Colledge It hath a spatious Court or quadrangle nay divers and a Hall both spatious and splendid wherein is a most beautifull glasse Lanthorn there is also a very fair Kitchin which only was finished by the Cardinal and gave oceasion to that scoff of an outlandish man Egregium opus saith he Cardinalis Collegium incepit popinam absolvit Sanna vix è coquina deprompta adeo sale caret saith Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus Peter Martyr was once Prebend of this Colledge as his own Epistles shew He writes thus Amico cuidam in Anglia Ego cum essem Oxonii vestibus illis albis in Choro nunquam uti volui quamvis essem Canonicus mei facti ratio mihi constabat Toby Matthew Archbishop of York was of this House and M r Burton who wrote of Melancholy upon whose Tomb there is this witty Epitaph Paucis notus paucioribus ignotus Hic jacet Democritus Iunior Cui vitam pariter mortem Dedit Melancholia Trinity Colledge Founded 1556. Sir Thomas Pope Knight founded this Colledge in the fourth year of the Reign of King Philip and Qu. Mary dedicating the same to the Trinity S t Iohns Colledge Founded 1557. Henry Chichley Doctor of the Civil-Law Archbishop of Canterbury among other building laid the foundation of this Fabrick it was enlarged by William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury Iesus Colledge Founded 1572. Hugh Prise Doctor of the Civil Law founded this Colledge it was perfected by Queen Elizabeth it hath had many other Benefactors Wadham Colledge Founded 1613. Nicholas Wadham Esquire in the seventh year of the raign of King Iames founded it Pembrok Colledge Founded 1620. It was first Broadgate-Hall but was called Pembroke Colledge from William Earl of Pembroke then Chancellor of the University of Oxford and Visitor of that Hall There are also in this University seven Hals in which there are many Students living at their own charge viz. Glocester-Hall Which being first built for Monks was after converted to a House for Scholars by Sir Thomas White Knight Edmund Hall It was builded by S. Edmund Archbishop of Canterbury Albon Hall It was builded by the Abbot of S t Albons for their Monks to study in Hart Hall It was built by Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester M r Selden was of this House New Inne Heretofore it was called Turlocks Inne S t Mary Hall It was founded by King Edward the second Sir Thomas More Chancellour of England was of this Hall Cardinal Allen was principal of it about the same time Magdalen Hall It was founded by William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester and D r Budden who writes his life and death cals it Aulam Magdaelene parentem Collegii and a little book which mentions the several Colledges in Oxford and Cambridge makes the Hall a eleven years elder then the Colledge Cambridge THis is the other University and eye of England a most famous Storehouse of good Literature and Godlinesse it standeth upon the River Cam which divideth it into two parts and hath a Bridge over it whence arose the name Cambridge There is not wanting any thing here which a man may require in a most flourishing University were it not that the air is somewhat unhealthfull arising as it doth out of a Fenny-ground hard by That Cantaber a Spainard 3751. years before Christs Nativity first began and founded this University is affirmed by Caius but Leland the great Antiquary and Camden also confute that conceit and M r Camden saith It was a seat of learning about the time of King of Henry the first and that under the reign of Edward the first some think it should be the second Grantbridge of a School was made an University such as Oxford is by the Court of Rome Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely in the year 1284. built the first Colledge called Peter House and endowed it with lands whose example the other Founders did imitate and follow saith the same Camden That which some relate also That a publick Academy was erected at Cambridge by King Sigebert Anno Christi 630. Id vero dubia annalium fide nititur Cantabrigiensium quoque aemuli Oxonienses pernegant fortiter Et ut quaedam fuerit instituta procul dubio rudis fuit nec in longum tempus Caeterum nono seculo majori verisimilitudine laus illa competit Coring De Antiq. Academ Dissertat 3. Vide plura ibid. p. 73. See Petrus Blesensis at the end of Ingulphus That which some urge for the honour of Cambridge of Bedes reading there is a fable well confuted by Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus in his Acts of the fourth day Bedam vero ipsum unquam Cantabrigiae fuisse quis nisi cerebri laesi putat Quum ipse dissertissimis scriptis suis asserat se nunquam extra monasterium suum operam literis dedisse ac ne inde unquam ferè egressum à pueritia Cantabrigiam verò sua aetate adeò Academiam celebrem non fuisse ut fuisse planè
Collegiam rem inquisibi superat vel decem nostra Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 5. Most of their Universities Paris excepted being no better then our Colledges of Westminster Eaton or Winchester Oxford without controversie is the more healthfull place and better situated and the Town and streets I suppose larger Both Universities are governed by a Vicechancellour and Proctors The Heads of the Colledges in Oxford have severall Titles as President Master Warden Provost Dean Principall but in Cambridge they are all styled Masters except in Kings Colledge the Head of that House is called the Provost The time of Doctors and Masters proceeding yearly or taking their compleat degree is called Commencement in Cambridge Act in Oxford for though they be designed before to their degrees yet they obtain them not actually and compleatly but in Comitiis Oxford Act concludes with a Latine Sermon so doth not Cambridge In our Universities Schollars live in their Colledges not in the Town as some where beyound Sea Heutznerus saith Vestitus cum Iesuitarum fermè congruit etenim togis sunt induti longis ad talos usque demissis By the Councell of Vienna Oxford was reckoned not only among one of the four ancient Universities but had the second place Paris Oxford Bononia Salamanca and as some think it may justly challenge the first place though Coringius in his first Dissertat Antiq. Academ and some others think it was a while after Paris Ingulphus who was Secretary to William the Conquerour saith he lived in Studio Oxoniensi His words are these Ego Ingulphus humilis magister S. Guthlaci Monasteriique sui Croilandensis natus in Anglia à parentibus Anglicis quippe urbis pulcherrimae Londoniarum pro literis addiscendis in teneriori aetate constitutus primum Westmonasterio postmodum Oxoniensi studio traditus etiam Those Schools of Learning which we call Academies or Universities that Age termed Studia that is Studies S t Hierom termed the Schools of Gaul Studia florentissima The name of University was taken up about the time of King Henry the 3 d for a publick School There are but three Latine Writers which I have met with who have written generally de Academiis Iunius and Middendorpe and another intituled Academiarum quae aliquando Fuere Hodie sunt in Europa Catalogus enumeratio brevis At the end of Iunius his excellent Treatise de Academiis there is added a brief Catalogue of all the Universities in the Christian world in which their Country Names Originall and situation are described out of Ptolomy He begins with England and therein with Oxford and saith of it Academia Oxoniensis vulgò Oxford quam instituit Aluredus Saxonum Rex Anno Christi 872. Posteà vero ex multorum Principum Praesâ—lum beneficentia amplissimis structuris reditibus privilegiis ornatur habetque jam Collegia XVI aulas etiam VIII singula aedificiorum splendore magnificentissima ac bonarum literarum artiumque omnium studia florentissima Cantabrigiensis vulgò Cambridge in qua primum Collegium instituit Batsomus Eliâ—nsit Episcopus Anno 1274. Habet jam Collegia XI Aulas etiam IV eaque omnia aedificiorum celebritate praestantissima Habuit etiam ante Scholam publicam peraâ—gustam in qua Philosophia humanio oresque disciplinae tradebantur à Sigeberto Estanglorum Rege constitutam Anno 637. Yet it is the opinion of some that the University of Oxford was rather restored then first Founded by King Alured Anno 806. after it had been over-born a while by Danish furies Middendorp in his 3 d Book de Academiis where he speaks of the Universities of England saith Inter harum duarum Academiarum professores gravis acerba nuper controversia exorta est dum singuli suam Academiam antiquiorem prioremque tempore praestantiorem existere asseverant varias pro sua quisque sententia rationes diversaque argumenta producit ut difficile sit homini externo terra ab iis marique disjuncto suum judicium interponere But after counsell given to them to endeavour rather to excell each the other in diligence faithfulness and wisdom and not to stand so much upon antiquity and multitude or excellency of Colledges which belong more to the glory of the dead then the living he concludes at the last thus Porrò utramque hanc Academiam veterem quidem atque florentem reperio Cantabrigiensis tamen quantum hactenus deprehendere licuit tempore prior antiquior est Ideoque ab ea principium ducam But Learned Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus p. 217. saith thus Haec ipsa Antiquitatis lis publico jam nuper totius Regni conventu Parliamentario ex antiquissimorum Historicorum fide examinata est determinata praecedentia Oxoniensi Universitati communi applausu omniumque suffragiis asserta There he also addeth p. 218. Iohannes Caius vir fidei ut in rebus Religiosis ita in Historicis nullius plane He proceeds Imò qui inter ipsos istius Scholae antiquitatem acerrimè tuentur non asserunt tantùm sed probant indubitatis argumentis Cantabrigiam Generalem Artium scientiarum Academiam factam stabilitam non fuisse ante vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii hoc est nudiustertius ferè si Aluredi seculum spectemus quo Rege intercedente apud Johannem Pontificem Romanum Universitatis ibi stabiliendae privilegium iis est concessum ut Petrus de Iâ—kham Monachus Ecclesiae Cantuar. scribit Caius Middendorpii testimonio rem probat Caii testimonio eandem probat Middendorpius sic manus manum falsarius falsarium fricat Quin potiùs suam oportet agnoscere ignorantiam qui de exterorum rebus scribit quorum res gest as nunquam legerit Imò Middendorpi tibi clam in aurem dico agnosce impudentiam tuam qui it a confidenter scribis de Academiis ac si in omnibus aetatem totam vixisses ita tamen frigidè futiliter indoctè ac si in nulla unquam vel diem unum posuisses Wake ibid. The third who writes of all the Academies of Europe saith Ac libens optarim ne digladientur nimis naenias mittant qui hanc aut illam Acadâ—miam contendunt esse antiquiorem Sint Arcades ambae utraeque florentes lucem sole clariorem sibi invicem alternantes And after he hath this passage of Cambridge Haec est illa Academia antiqua celebris quae non modò Oxoniensi florentissimo Anglorum Gymnasio sed aliis Europaei orbis Academiis antiquioribus facilè posset adaequari He speaks also very honourably of Oxford and I have cited something out of him to that purpose Sir Thomas More saith in an Epistle to the University of Oxford Cantabrigiae cui vos praelucere semper consuevistis I know one who is a very competent judge because a most Learned Bishop and well versed in antiquities and also of an University in
another Kingdom who holds Oxford to be the ancienter Oxford also hath been famous for Learned Scholars Mathematicians and Schoolmen for the later there is no question and I shall mention divers of them when I speak of Merton Colledge For the first Roger Bacon Bradwardine Simon Bredon and Oddington were famous The first Professor in Civil Law in England viz. Vacarius was of Oxford Oxford lies in a Champion plain It is a fair and goodly City whether a man respect the seemly beauty of private houses or the stately magnificence of publick buildings together with the wholesom sight or pleasant prospect thereof It is formed in the figure of a Cross two long streets thwarting one another each of them near a mile in length containing in that compass thirteen Parish Churches and a See Episcopall founded here by King Henry the 8 th Anno 1541. For the Stateliness of the Schools and publick Library and Gallery the bravery and beauty of particular Colledges all built of fair and polished stone the liberall endowment of those houses and great incouragements of Industry and Learning in the salary of the Professors in most Arts and Sciences it is say some not to be paralleled in the Christian world D r Iames hath set out two Catalogues of the publick Library in Oxford One published in the year 1605 which mentions the Books Alphabetically distinguished according to the four Faculties The other 1620. in which there is only a care had of the Alphabeticall order by this more exact Catalogue one may readily finde any Authour and all the Works of that Authour uno intuitu If the Library be inferiour to the Popes Vaticane in sumptuous building yet in Printed Books if not in Manuscripts there being many choice ones given by Sir Thomas Bodlie and of late by my Lord of Pembroke and Archbishop Laude in almost all Languages it may well contend with it for a Superiority Reckon the number of Volumes in the publick Library whereof the greatest part are in Folio which amount to 11 or 12 thousands of divers Authours the plurality of Languages the diversity of Sciences wherein these Books are written the condition of the Books whether written or printed by Protestants or Papists or any other the use for six hours every day throughout the whole year Sundaies and Holydaies excepted and we shall finde that the like Library is no where to be found D r Iames of the Corrupt of Script Counc and Fath. part 5. In Oxford there are 18 Colledges endowed with Lands besides 7 Halls where Students live at their own charges in both of them Professors of the Arts and Sciences as also of Divinity Law Physick and the learned Languages with Liberall Salaries University Colledge Founded 872. Alfred or Allured King of the West Saxons being addicted to Religion and good literature for the increase and study of Divinity Philosophy and other Arts in the 2 d year of his reign founded this Colledge by the name of University Colledge George Abbat Archbishop of Canterbury was of this Colledge Baliol Colledge Founded 1262. Iohn Baliol born at Bernads Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham a worthy Warriour to King Henry the 3 d in his civil Warres against his Barons with his wife Dervorgilla a Lady of Honourable Parentage Parents of Iohn Baliol King of the Scots Founded this Colledge giving thereunto both Lands and Revenews for the maintenance of a Master 10 Fellows and 11 Scholars which is Recorded to be the first and most anciently endowed Colledge in this University as some late Historians constantly affirm Iam Fundatoris imprimis Balioli Regis Scotiae nomen jactat quasi tum olim Scotia suos Reges Academiae nostrae propitios in Baliolo suo sposponderit quod in Iacobo nostro jam faeliciter appropinquante praestitit Wake Rex Plat. Iohn Wiclefe was of this House Wiclefus ille Restaurator Religionis cui non notus Baliolensis Alber. Gent. Laud. Acad. Perusin Oxon. Merton Colledge Founded 1274. Walter de Merton sometimes L. Chancellour of England Counsellour to King Henry the 3 d and Edward the first Bishop of Rochester Founded this Colledge by the name of Merton Colledge endowing it in effect with all the Lands and Revenews which at this present are belonging thereunto ordaining in the same a Warden and no definitive number of Fellows It may be styled Collegium Scholasticorum Bacon Burlie Occham Scotus Bradwardine Gatisdene Dumbleton Nicholas Gorrham Suitzaeus great lights of Europe were of this Colledge What one Colledge ever yielded at one time and from one Country three such Divines as Iewell Raynolds and Hooker or two such great Wits and Heroicall spirits as S r Thomas Bodley and S r Henry Savill D r Hackw Epist. Dedicat. to Oxford before his Apology Of this Colledge also were Bishop Carleton S r Isaac Wake the University Orator Excester Colledge Founded 1316. Walter Stapleton being descended of Noble Parentage for his Wisdom Gravity and Learning was often employed in Embassages from King Edward the 2 d who made him Bishop of Excester Lord Treasurer of England and one of his Privy Councell Founded this Colledge it was much augmented by Sir William Peter D r Hakewell Fellow of this House erected and finished the new Chappell D r Prideaux was Head of this House D r Holland was of this House Orial Colledge Founded 1337. King Edward the 2 d erected it it was so called because it was indeed a work which might beseem a King Queens Colledge Founded 1340. Robert Eglesfield Batchelor of Divinity Chaplain to Queen Philippa wife to King Edward the 3 d founded this Colledge in his own ground by the name of Queens Colledge commending the Patronage thereof to his Lady the Queen and to the Queens of England successively which he endowed with Lands and Revenews They are called to Dinner and Supper by the sound of a Trumpet Doctor Ayrie who wrote so well upon the Philippians was Provost of this Colledge Learned D. Langbane is now the Provost of it and worthy M. Barlow the Publick-Library-Keeper a Fellow of it New Colledge Founded 1375. William Wickam principal Secretary to King Edward the 3 d Keeper of the Privy-Seal Bishop of Winchester Lord High Treasurer and Chancellour of England founded this Colledge He also founded a Colledge at Winchester wherein he established one Warden ten Fellows two Schoolmasters and seventy Scholars with Officers and servants which all are maintained at his charge out of which School he ordained should be chosen the best Scholars alwayes to supply the vacant places of the Fellows of this Colledge Thomas Chaundlerus librum de Wiccami vita rebus gestis sane perelegantem conscripsit Waynfleti 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Wickamus celebratur ab erudito Iurisconsulto Martino Of this Colledge was Philpot the famous Martyr and S r Thomas Rives Bishop Lake D r Twisse and D r Iames. Lincoln Colledge Founded 1420. Richard
desolatam civitatulam asserat Caius the Physician styled himself Londinensem when he wrote De Antiq. Cantab. Acad. though he was of Cambridge and only a Londoner by birth ne si Cantabrigiensis videretur affectum quoque suum in scribendo prodidisse videretur That passage of Caius's De Antiqu. Cantab. Acad. lib. 1. therefore might well have been spared Caeterum ad has discordias rumpendas atque finiâ—ndas sanctamque pacem componendam atque statuendam cum neque Oxâ—niensis Cantabrigiensem nec Cantabrigiensis ferat Oxoniensem in controversia judicem quòd pro sua cujusque affectione rem tractatam iri uterque indicet ex libidine magis quà m ex vero celebratam aut obscuratam existimet res suasit commiseratio jussit ut ego homo Londinensis medio loco inter utrumque positus eodem animo in utrumque affectus cui longa triginta annorum absentia à gymnasiis nisi subinde invisendi gratia charitatis studio omnem affectum juvenilem in Gymnasia sustulit hanc controversiam ut inutilem imo verò rem damnosam alioqui tanquam communis amicus definirem ac componerem Vide librum ejus de libris propriis My worthy friend Sir Simonds D'Ewers in his Speech touching the Antiquity of Cambridge saith If I should lose time to reckon up the vain allegations produced for the Antiquity of Oxford by Twyne and of Cambridge by Caius I should but repeat deliria senum At the present Cambridge consists of sixteen Colledges and Hals for there is little difference there between them erected and maintained with the Lands and Revenues of their several Founders Kings Colledge Chappel being founded by Henry the sixth is all of free-stone a very curious structure and from its form called the University Cradle Trinity Colledge founded by King Henry the eighth one of the compleatest Colledges in Europe A Colledge for stately greatnesse for uniform building and beauty of rooms scarce inferiour to any other in Christendom saith Camden Next to it is S t Iohns Colledge S t Peters Colledge or House Founded 1280. Hugh Basham Bishop of Ely began the foundation of this Colledge about Anno 1257. He setled not the endowment till anno 1284. Clare-Hall Founded 1280. Richard Badew Chancellour of the University first founded this Hall by the name of the University-House or Hall Afterwards the first foundation was resigned into the hands of Elizabeth Countesse of Clare widow which Lady by the licence of King Edward the 3 d established and finished the same and changing the name thereof willed that for ever after it should in memory of her family from whence she was descended be called Clare-Hall D r Butler the famous Physician was sometimes Fellow and President of this House Pembroke Hall Founded 1343. Mary de S. Paul Countesse of Pembroke daughter to Guido Chastillion Earl of S t Paul in France procured Licence from King Edward the 3 d to found this House by the name of the Colledge of Mary Valence after called Pembroke Hall Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester Edmond Grindall and Iohn Whitgift Archbishops of Canterbury William Fulk Doctor of Divinity were all Masters of this House and have by gifts of Lands Money Plate Books augmented the same and Lancelot Andrews Doctor of Divinity late Master and Bishop of Winchester hath given a thousand pounds with three hundred seventy four folio Books well bound M r Bradford Martyr was Fellow of Pembroke Hall and first lived in Katherine Hall and the Masters of those Colledges strove which should have him as himself relates in one of his Letters not to boast of himself but to shew Gods goodness towards him Bishop Ridley was also of Pembroke Hall and there in the Orchard learned without Book almost all Pauls Epistles yea and all the Canonical Epistles save only the Apocalypse So he saith of himself Corpus Christi Colledge Founded 1351. Henry of Monmouth sirnamed Torto Collo ordained this Colledge It hath been since much inlarged Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury and Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England were of this House and great Benefactors to it Trinity Hall Founded 1353. William Bateman Bishop of Norwich founded this Hall Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester and Chancellour of this University was of this House Gonvill and Caius Colledge Founded 1353. Edmond Gonvill Parson of Terrington in Norfolk obtained License of King Edward the 3 d to erect this Colledge Afterward Iohn Caius Doctor of Physick Anno 1557. was made a Co-founder by Letters Patents who caused it to be called Gonvill and Caius Colledge King Iames being in Caius Colledge presented with Caius his Antiquitates Cantabrigiensis Academiae he said What should I do with the Antiquities of Cambridge Give me Caius de Canibus Kings Colledge Founded 1441. King Henry the sixth in the nineteenth year of his Reign began this royal Foundation In which Colledge at this present is standing one of the fairest Chappels in the world which only he finished but intended to have made the Colledge conformable thereunto D Goade was of this House Queens Colledge Founded 1448. Queen Margaret wife to Henry the sixth laid the Foundation of this Colledge but leaving the same imperfect Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth obtained Licence to finish the same which she accomplished Bishop Davenant was Master of this Colledge Sir Thomas Smith principal Secretary to Queen Elizabeth was Fellow of this Colledge Katherine Hall Founded 1475. Robert Woodlork Chancellour of Cambridge founded this Hall it hath been since inlarged by many other Benefactors D. Sibbes and Gouge were of this House Iesus Colledge Founded 1496. Iohn Alcock Bishop of Ely and Lord Chancellour of England procured Licence of King Henry the 7 th to found this Colledge Christs Colledge Founded 1505. It was first begun by King Henry the sixth and after his decease brought to perfection by the Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond and mother of King Henry the 7 th This is called by D. Willet Collegium Theologorum the Colledge of Divines M. Perkins M. Bains and D. Ames were all Fellows of this Colledge S t Iohns Colledge Founded 1508. The Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond founded this Collenge which hath been much inlarged since by other Benefactors D. Whitaker was Master of this Colledge There is a fair Library in it founded by Bishop Williams Magdalen Colledge Founded 1519. Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham founded this Colledge it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors Trinity Hall Founded 1546. It was founded and erected by King Henry the eight it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors Emanuel Colledge Founded 1584. Sir Walter Mildmay Privy Councellor to Queen Elizabeth obtained Licence of the said Queen to found and erect this Colledge It hath since been much augmented by the liberality of divers Benefactors Doctor Preston was first Fellow of Queens Colledge and the Master of Emanuel Sidney Sussex Colledge Founded 1598. Frances Sidney Countesse