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house_n	contrary_a	king_n	knight_n	139,856	5	12.4234	5	true
house_n	contrary_a	king_n	knight_n	139,856	5	12.4234	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

Daughters Those assisting Captaynes he honoured with a plate of Iron like a Charger in which are engrauen those their exploits for deliuerance of the Kingdome which being shewne to the King is priuiledged with pardon of any penaltie though mortall three times except for Treason which forfeiteth presently all Priuiledges Euery time it obtaynes any pardon it is engrauen in the Plate The Sonnes in Law and Fathers in Law of the King and some which haue extraordinarily merited of the State enjoy like Honours and Reuenues with the same diminution of time as before He also ordained that all Magistracie and Gouernment should belong to those Licentiates and Doctors whereto neyther the fauour of the King or other Magistrates are necessary but their owne merits except where corruption frustrates Law All Magistrates are called Quonfu and for honours sake they are stiled Lau ye or Lau sie that is Lord or Father The Portugals call them Mandarins These haue some representation of Aristocratie in that Gouernment for though they doe nothing but first petitioning the King hee also determines nothing without their sollicitation And if a priuate man petitions which is seldome because Officers are appointed to examine Petitions before the King sees them the King if hee will grant it sends it to the Tribunall proper for that businesse to aduise him what is fit to bee done I haue found for certaine that the King cannot giue Money or Magistracie to any except hee bee solicited by some Magistrate I meane this of publike Reuenues which doubtlesse doe exceed one hundred and fiftie Millions yearely are not brought into the Palace Treasurie nor may the King spend them at his pleasure but all whether Money or Rice and other things in kinde are layed vp in the publike Treasuries and Store-houses in all the Kingdome Thence the expenses of the King his Wiues Children Eunuches Family and of all his Kindred are in Royall sort disbursed but according to the ancient Lawes neither more nor lesse Thence the Stipends of Magistrates and Souldiers and all Officers thorow the Kingdome are paid the publike Buildings the Kings Palace Cities Walls Towres Fortresses and all prouision of War are thence sustayned which cause new Tributes sometimes to be imposed this huge Reuenue notwithstanding Of Magistrates are two sorts one of the Court which rule there and thence rule the Kingdome and other Prouinciall which gouerne particular Cities or Prouinces Of both sorts are fiue or six Bookes to be sold euery where printed twice each moneth at Pequin as by their course of printing you haue seene is easie contayning nothing else but the name Countrey and degree of the Magistrates and therefore printed so often because of the exaltings shiftings setting lower death of Parents which suspends three yeares to mourning in priuate their owne deaths or depriuations Of the Court Tribunals are reckoned sixe the first Li pu Pu is asmuch as Tribunall or Court and Li as Magistrates to which it belongeth to name the chiefe Magistrates of the Kingdome bringing vp from the lower to the higher according to the Lawes prescribed or if they deserue it abasing or quite depriuing them For those Licentiates and Doctors continually ascend except their owne faults deject them wherein a depriuation makes for euer vncapable The second is called Ho-pu that is the Exchequer Court or that of the Treasury which exacts and disburseth the Kings Reuenues The third is the Li-pu or Court of Rites which ordereth the publike Sacrifices Temples Priests Kings Marriages Schooles Examinations Festiuall Dayes common Gratulations to the King Titles giuen to the wel-deseruing Physicians Colledges of Mathematicians entertayning and sending Embassages with their Rites Presents Letters the King holding it abasing to his Majesty to write to any The fourth is the Pimpu or Military Court which rewards the meriting and takes from the sluggish Souldier ordereth their Musters and giues Military degrees The fifth is Cumpu which hath care of the publike Buildings Palaces for the King or his Kindred and the Magistrates Shippes for publike burthens or Armadas Bridges Walls of Cities and all like prouisions The sixth Court is Himpu which inquireth into Criminall Causes and sentenceth them also all the publike Prisons are subject hereto All the affaires of the Kingdom depend on these Courts which therefore haue Magistrates and Notaries in euery City and Prouince to admonish them faithully of all things the multitude and order facilitating this so weighty a Designe For first in euery Court is a Lord Chiefe Iustice or President called Ciam Ciu who hath two Assistants one sitting at his right hand the other at his left called Cilam their dignity in the Royall Cities is accounted principall After these euery Tribunall hath diuers Offices each of which hath diuers Colleagues besides Notaries Courtiers Apparitors and other Seruants Besides these Tribunals there is another the greatest in the Court and Kingdome they call them Colaos which are three or foure sometimes sixe which haue no peculiar businesses but take care of the whole Re-publike and are the Kings Priuy-Counsell in all Affaires These are daily admitted into the Kings Palace and there abide whole dayes and answere as they see cause to the Petitions which are put vp to the King who was wont to define matters with these Colai in publike and shewing their answere to the King hee alters or approoueth the same and sets his hand thereto for the execution Besides these Orders of Magistrates and others not mentioned as like to our owne there are two sorts not vsuall with vs the one Choli the other called Zauli In each of these Orders are aboue sixty choice Philosophers men approued for their wisdome and courage before experienced These two Rankes are vsed by the King in Court or Prouince businesses of greater weight with great and Royall power which causeth to them great respect and veneration These by Libell admonish the King if any thing be done contrary to the Lawes in any parts of the Kingdome not sparing any of the Magistrates nor the Kings House nor the King himselfe to the wonder of other Nations And although the King sometimes bee touched to the quicke and toucheth them to the quicke againe yet cease they not still to rip the sore till it be cured Other Magistrates may doe it yea any priuate man but these mens Libels or Petitions are of most worth as proceeding from their peculiar Office The Copies of them and of the Kings answers are printed by many so that the Court and State Affaires flye thorow the Kingdome and are by some written in Bookes and those of most moment transcribed into the Annals of the Kingdome Of late when the King would for loue of a second Sonne haue excluded the eldest so many by Libels reprehended the King that he in anger depriued or abased one hundred of the Magistrates They yet ceased not but one day went together into

the Tartar Souldiers whom they hire sometimes but onely for the present on the other side against the Polonian and Sweaden thinking it best policy so to vse their seruice vpon the contrary border The chiefe Captaines or Leaders of these forces according to their names and degrees are these which follow First the Voyauodey Bulshaia that is the Great Captaine or Lieutenant generall vnder the Emperour This commonly is one of the foure houses of the chiefe Nobilitie of the Land but so chosen otherwise as that he is of small valour or practice in Martiall matters being thought to serue that turne so much the better if he bring no other parts with him saue the countenance of his Nobilitie to bee liked of by the Souldiers for that and nothing else For in this point they are very warie that these two to wit Nobilitie and Power meet not both in one specially if they see wisedome withall or aptnesse for policie Their great Voiauod or Generall at this present in their warres is commonly one of these foure Knez Feoder Iuanowich Methisloskey Knez Iuan Michailowich Glinskoy Cherechaskoy and Trowbetskoy all of great Nobilitie but of very simple qualitie otherwise though in Glinskoy as they say there is somewhat more then in the rest To make vp this defect in the Voiauod or Generall there is some other ioyned with him as Lieutenant generall of farre lesse Nobilitie but of more valour and experience in the warres then he who ordereth all things that the other countenanceth At this time their principall man and most vsed in their warres is one Knez Demetrie Iuanowich Forestine an antient and expert Captaine and one that hath done great seruice as they say against the Tartar and Polonian Next vnder the Voiauod and his Lieutenant generall are foure other that haue the marshalling of the whole Armie diuided among them and may be called the Marshals of the field Euery man hath his quarter or fourth part vnder him whereof the first is called the Praua Polskoy or Right wing The second is the Lenoy Polskoy or Left wing The third is Rusnoy Polskoy or The broken band because out of this there are chosen to send abroad vpon any sudden exploit or to make a rescue or supply as occasion doth require The fourth Storeshouoy Polskoy or The warding band Euery one of these foure Marshals haue two other vnder them eight in all that twice euery weeke at the least must muster and traine their seuerall wings or bands and hold and giue iustice for all faults and disorders committed in the Campe. And these eight are commonly chosen out of the hundred and ten which I spake of before that receiue and deliuer the pay to the Souldiers Vnder these eight are diuers other Captaines as the Gul auoy Captaines of thousands fiue hundreds and hundreds The Petyde Setskoy or Captaines of fifties and the Decetskies or Captaines of tennes Besides the Voiauoda or Generall of the Armie spoken of before they haue two other that beare the name of Voiauoda whereof one is the Master of the great Ordnance called Naradna Voiauoda who hath diuers Vnder-officers necessary for that seruice The other is called the Voiauoda Gulauoy or the Walking Captayne that hath allowed him 1000. good Horsemen of principall choice to range and spye abroad and hath the charge of the running Castle which we are to speake of in the Chapter following All these Captaynes and men of charge must once euery day resort to the Bulsha Voiauoda or Generall of the Armie to know his pleasure and to informe him if there be any requisite matter pertayning to their Office WHen Wars are towards which they faile not of lightly euery yeere with the Tartar and many times with the Polonian and Sweden the foure Lords of the Chetfirds send forth their Summons in the Emperours name to all the Dukes and Dyacks of the Prouinces to be proclaymed in the head Townes of euery Shire that all the Sinaboiarskey or Sonnes of Gentlemen make their repayre to such a border where the Seruice is to be done at such a place and by such a day and there present themselues to such and such Captaynes When they come to the place assigned them in the Summons or Proclamation their names are taken by certayne Officers that haue Commission for that purpose from the Roserade or High Constable as Clerkes of the Bands If any make default and faile at the day he is mulcted and punished very seuerely As for the Generall and other chiefe Captaines they are sent thither from the Emperours owne hand with such Commission and charge as he thinketh behoofefull for the present seruice When the Souldiers are assembled they are reduced into their Bands and Companies vnder their seuerall Captaynes of tens fifties hundreds thousands c. and these Bands into foure Polikeis or Legions but of farre greater numbers then the Romane Legions were vnder their foure great Leaders which also haue the authoritie of Marshals of the field as was said before Concerning their Armour they are but slightly appointed The common Horse-man hath nothing else but his Bow in his Case vnder his right arme and his Quiuer and Sword hanging on the left side except some few that beare a Case of Dagges or a Iaueling or short Staffe along their Horse side The vnder Captaynes will haue commonly some piece of Armour besides as a shirt of Male or such like The Generall with the other chiefe Captaynes and men of Nobility will haue their Horse very richly furnished their Saddles of Cloth of Gold their Bridles faire bossed and tasselled with Gold and Silke frindge bestudded with Pearle and Precious Stones themselues in very faire Armour which they call Bullatnoy made of faire shining Steele yet couered commonly with Cloth of Gold and edged round about with Armine Furre his Steele Helmet on his head of a very great price his Sword Bow and Arrowes at his side his Speare in his hand with another Helmet and his Shesta pera or Horse-mans Scepter carried before him Their Swords Bowes and Arrowes are of the Turkish fashion They practise like the Tartar to shoot forwards and backwards as they flye and retyre The Strelsey or Footman hath nothing but his Peece in his hand his striking Hatchet at his backe and his Sword by his side The stocke of his Peece is not made Caleeuer wise but with a plaine and strait stocke some-what like a Fowling-peece the Barrell is rudely and vnartificially made very heauie yet shooteth but a very small Bullet As for their prouision of victuall the Emperour alloweth none either for Captayne or Souldier neyther prouideth any for them except peraduenture some Corne for their Money Euery man is to bring sufficient for himselfe to serue his turne for foure moneths and if need require to giue order for more to bee brought vnto him to the Campe from his Tenant that tilleth his

durst not without the Emperour of Russia his licence Whereupon I answered that the Emperours Maiestie when he was raigning was very gracious vnto our Nation aboue all other strangers and shewed what great priuiledges hee had bestowed on our people and how by the English-mens meanes at the first what a trade is now at Arkania and what profit came not onely into his Maiesties Treasurie but also into all parts of his Dominions which in time might be brought hither and withall shewed the Emperours priuiledge Wherefore then they began to put away feare and willed vs to stay fiue or sixe dayes vntill he had sent for the chiefest men of the Townes-men who were abroad and then they would giue vs an answer Then I desired that we might haue an house to be in and not to stay without doores So he gaue libertie to any that would to entertayne vs whereto there was one Callem that made answer that he would whereupon wee went with him and were in an Ambar of his vntill wee receiued answer from them In the meane time wee made much of them and feasted them with our Aqua vitae Biscuit and Figs that we might the better obtayne their loue The foure and twentieth the Customers came to giue vs our answere and told vs that they had concluded that we might stay if wee would but they must write vp to the Musko of our being here So we thanked them and gaue them such entertaynment as we could and sent presents to sixe of them of the chiefest which they tooke very thankfully and promised what fauour they could So this night I made ready my Letters to send for England The fourth of August fiue and twentie Lodyas arriued at the Towne laden with Meale and others which were bound for Molgomsey but by reason of contrary winds they were forced into Pechora and came vp to the Towne of Pustozer and vnladed to make sale The sixe and twentieth we remoued from the house where we were at the first vnto a Poles house who is christened Russe where we are to remayne all the Winter The nine and twentieth the frost was so strong that the Ozera was frozen ouer and the Ice driuing in the Riuer to and againe brake all the nets so that they got no Salmon no not so much as for their owne victuals The second of September the frost brake vp againe and it was open weather The eight of September there was a Soyma which the Towns-men bought that went downe the Riuer to haue gone for Iugoria and had a faire wind but they neglecting two dayes sayling that would haue carried them forth of the Riuer to the Sea the wind came contrary so that they were wind-bound and could not get any further and on the nineteenth gaue ouer their Voyage and came vp to the Towne The thirteenth of October the frost was so extreme that the Ozera stood in one night that men did walke on it the next day and so continued all the Winter after The twelfth of Nouember there went two men of Penega to Vst-zilma to buy Squerrils and Beauers and other commodities The thirteenth the Sunne arose at South and by East by the Compasse and set at South-west and by West The foure and twentieth there went diuers men with at the least three or fourescore Sleds drawne with Deere to a place called Slobodca where they hold a Mart from the beginning of December to the middle thereof and they carried fresh-water fish thither with whom William Pursgloue went into Russia The sixe and twentieth the Sunne arose at South and by West by the Compasse and set at South-west and by West The first of December the Sunne arose at South and by West Westerly by the Compasse and set South-west and by West Southerly The fourth the Towns-men of Pechora went ouer land into Iugoria to trade with the Inhabitants there and the Samoyeds The eleuenth Marmaduke Wilson said that he saw the Sunne but it was but the way of the Sunnes beames The thirteenth I saw the Sunnes beames my selfe but I could not see the Sun it selfe although I watched it very strictly The fourteenth it was snowie and stormie weather and continued so vntill the foure and twentieth day which was close weather also The fiue and twentieth being Christmas day I saw the Sunne and it rose at South and by West and set at South-west and by South it hauing the neathermost part of it all the way iust with the Horizon The sixe and twentieth it was stormy and snowy weather and so continued vntill the end of the moneth The second of Ianuarie the Sunne arose at South somewhat Westerly and set South-west a little Southerly it mounting a pretie height aboue the Horizon The fift William Pursgloue returned from Colmogro The eleuenth the Sunne arose at South by East by the Compasse and set at South-west and by West The twelfth there came a command from the Patriarch that there should bee a generall Fast both for young and old not exempting the sucking babes which began the thirteenth continuing three dayes space they neither eating nor drinking so much as water neither admitted they their sucking Babes saue those that fainted to whom they gaue a few Figs and a little water The nineteenth the Inhabitants of Pustozer that went into Iugoria returned from thence hauing had but an hard Voyage by reason of the Warres which the Samoyeds had amongst themselues so that they durst not goe into Molgomsey where they catch the most part of the Sables which come into Russia The three and twentieth came the Carratchey which is the chiefe of the Samoyeds but they had no commodities to speake of by reason of the Warres so that they neither durst trade with the Samoyeds of Molgomsey neither hunt for the Sables themselues which at other times they were wont to doe The thirtieth I had the chiefe Carratchey his sonne his sonnes sonne and his brothers sonne at Dinner and had some conference with him who told mee that they had seene ships in the Vaygats two yeeres one after another but they durst not bee seene of them but fled from them for the Russes told them that they would kill them or carrie them away prisoners Yet they seemed to be glad of our comming when they saw our behauiour and the entertaynment that they had of vs Neuerthelesse they are very timerous and vnreasonable couetous as by more acquaintance I perceiued by them The second of February the most part of the Samoyeds went to Slobodca with their commodities because in the Summer they had beene together by the eares with the Samoyeds of Callenose and had slayne one or two of them wherefore they went to agree with them and to pay ransome for some of their men that were taken afterwards The fifteenth the Sunne arose at South-east a little Southerly and set at West and by South Westerly The sixteenth the Sunne arose at

to come I cease CHAP. XI A briefe Relation of a Voyage to Pechora and wintering there began in the yeere 1611. Written by WILLIAM PVRSGLOVE MAster Iosias Logan and William Gourdon hauing receiued directions from the Right Worshipfull Company of English Merchants Trading Russia The eleuenth of Aprill 1611. departed from Blacke-wall in the Riuer of Thames in a good ship called the Amitie whereof Iames Vndum of Rederiffe was Master The sixteenth of Iuly we arriued at Pustozera being much wondred at by the Inhabitants a Permac receiued vs into his House and let vs haue a Ware-house for our goods We all continued there vntill the fiue and twentieth of Iuly Then wee returned in our Shallop againe to our ship hauing a small Russe Boate in our company to carrie some of the Feathers and Downe which we brought there our owne Boat not beeing able to carrie all being pestered with our Prouision and some Feathers and White Foxes Wee came aboord our ship the seuen and twentieth of Iuly where wee deliuered those White Foxes Feathers and Downe and an exceeding rich blacke Foxe skinne hauing laded the Russe Boate with part of our goods The rest of our goods they laid vpon the Sand to be sent vp afterward leauing mee and Marmaduke Wilson and an hired Russe with them where wee attended to heare of 〈◊〉 from the Towne But Master Logan not hearing of any aboue a tunne and an halfe could not get any to come downe to vs because they feared to goe ouer the dry or shoald Sea in their little Boates being laden The one and thirtieth our ship departed ouer the Barre purposing to make their Voyage in Noua Zembla or some Ilands not farre distant from thence At their departure there were fiue and twentie Coaches or Soymas in that Road of Pechora with at least two hundred men in them bound for Molgomsey but hindered by contrary Windes and Ice our shippes being ouer the Barre they all came on shoare to vs some threatning others flattering vs but after I had bestowed two Bottles of Beere among some of the best of them they all went vp to Pustozera where most of them that had any goods to sell stayed all Winter and sold their Commodities in barter with the Inhabitants and when they could happen secretly vpon any Samoieds they would be trading with them also which is contrarie to the Priuiledges granted by the Emperour to the Pustozerits Their Wintering there was no little hinderance to vs for the sale of our goods We arriued at the Towne the seuenth of August In mine absence Master Logan had hired part of an House of one called Tiffon Vriawich a Polo●ian who was turned Russe The three and twentieth of Nouember I departed from Pustozera to goe for Russia at three of the clocke in the afternoone in the Company of certayne Russes Permacks and Samoieds which Samoieds were our Guides ouer the Mountaynes and one dayes journey ouer the Rocks which they call Cameni which are not Rockie Hills as in Norway but high Lands yet in most places smooth and most marish grounds full of little Hillocks which being couered with Snow and frozen did not much annoy vs. Our Argeshey or Carauan were about two hundred and ten Sleds drawne the most part with two Deere in a Sled They had also about two hundred spare Deere to ease the wearied We kept company vntill the fourth of December together hauing passed two third parts of our way to Slobotca being the first Towne in the Countrey of Mesen that we saw And then in company of foure Sleds hauing each two choice Buckes with a Samoied in the fift for our Guide we left the Argeshey and rid post for Slobotca where wee arriued the ninth of December at ten of the clocke at night In this Towne I found one Thomas Ligon an Englishman who had serued Master Richard Cockes of London who saluting mee in English maruelled much to meet me there and carried me from the rest of my company to his Lodging and gaue me there very kind entertaynment The next morning I departed thence in his Sled hauing ouer night hired an Horse to the next Towne which was fifteenth Versts off And so trauelling day and night changing Horses at euery conuenient place I came to Colmogro the twelfth of December and deliuered my Letters from Master Iosias Logan our Factor in Pustozera to Master Fabian Smith then Agent for the English Company Hauing rested my selfe foure dayes there and receiued certayne Money to helpe to put off some of our goods at Pechora I departed from Colmogro the seuenteenth of December and came to Slobotca the nineteenth day the height of the Pole being there some sixtie fiue degrees I stayed there till the two and twentieth of the said moneth by which time the Permacks and the Inhabitants of Pustozera were readie to returne to Pechora with their goods being Rie Malt Hops Salt Aqua vitae and some course Cloth Moreouer diuers Russes hauing their Sonnes or Kinsmen Leigers there in Winter doe send Cloth and Money ouer Land Hauing made my prouision for my journey and taken my leaue of Master Thomas Ligon wee set forward that night and rid not aboue fiue and twentie Versts to a place where wee found the Argeshey which set out from Slobotca the two and twentieth day in the morning by breake of day We had better passage in our returne then we had in our journey from Pustozera by reason of much Snow fallen in the time of our being in Russia and frozen so hard that it bare both Deere and Sleds in all places Wee kept together with the Argeshey being then two hundred and fiftie Sleds till we had passed more then two thirds of our way ouer the Mountaynes and then long before day hauing chosen Buckes of the best wee departed the fourth of Ianuarie being eight Sleds in company and rid post all that day and night following beeing Moone-light saue sometimes for the space of an houre that wee stayed where the Samoied our Guide knew there was good store of Mosse which is white to refresh our Deere The fifth of Ianuarie we came to Pustozera hauing in fortie houres trauelled three hundred and fiftie Versts with our choice Buckes Our Argeshey or Carauan arriued there after vs the twelfth of Ianuarie The Samoieds being the onely Guides in Winter either from Pustozera to Slobotca or to any other places Eastward as Ougoria Siberia or Molgomsey know by their continuall trauell the way though it be neuer so thick weather as also where most store of white Mosse is growing and according as they find themselues neere vnto some mossie place be it somthing before night or within night foure or fiue houres before they can come thither there for that Night they pitch their Tents being for the most part made of Deere and Elkes skinnes we had in our companie foure great Tents set vp and some twentie vnder

friends will kill three Deere to draw him in the new World and they will strangle a Slaue to tend on him The Deere they kill in this manner to serue the dead man they make a Stake sharpe which they thrust into the Beasts fundament with many howlings and cryings till they be dead The Master with the Slaue they burie the Deere they eate as well raw as boyled or roast although they vse all three If a young Child dye vnder foureteene of their yeeres which is seuen of ours they doe hang it by the necke on some Tree saying it must flie to Heauen If any Controuersie bee which cannot bee decided or the truth knowne then one of the two betwixt whom the Controuersie is must bee sworne which is in this manner they will make an Image of a Man of Snow bringing a Wolues nose deliuering a Sword to him that must sweare he rehearsing by name all his Friends desiring that they might all bee cut in peeces in that manner as hee doth cut that Image of Snow Then he himselfe doth cut the Image of Snow all to peeces with the Sword then after the Wolues nose being layd before him he desires that the Wolfe may destroy all his tame Deere and that hee may neuer more take or kill any wilde Deere after that if hee speake not the Truth so cutting the Wolues nose in peeces there is no more to bee sayd of that Controuersie The Samoit is stout and bold of Spirit not very tall but broad Brested broad Faces with hollow Eyes Their ordinary instruments for Warre are Bowes and Arrowes very dangerous they haue long Speares the heads bee made in Monganzey by another sort of Samoits and short Swords not much vnlike some that I haue seene brought from East India When they would know any thing to come they send for their Priest or Witch to conuerse with the Deuill sitting in one side of the Tent hauing before his face a peece of an old shirt of Mayle hung with Bels and peeces of Brasse in his right hand a great Tabor made with a Wolues skinne beating vpon the same with a Hares foot making a very dolefull sound with singing and calling for the Deuill to answer his demand which being ended they strangle a Deere for a Sacrifice making merrie with the Flesh. The Women be very hard of Nature for at their Child-bearing the Husband must play the Midwife and being deliuered the Child is washed with cold water or Snow and the next day the Woman able to conduct her Argish The Russes haue a yeerely Trade with the Merchants of Beghar at a place called Tumen in Tartarie whither they of Boghar come with Camels euery yeere From Tumen in Tobal in Siberia they come in foureteene dayes From Tobal they come to Beresoua in nine dayes all downe the Riuer Ob. From Beresoua partly by the Riuer Ob then ouer a necke of Land of halfe a mile ouer into the Riuer Ouse and downe the Riuer Ouse into the Riuer Pechora and so to Pustozera in three weekes At Pustozera the English haue Wintered three yeeres CHAP. XIII Diuers Voyages to Cherie Iland in the yeeres 1604. 1605. 1606. 1608. 1609. Written by IONAS POOLE WEe set sayle from London the fifteenth of Aprill 1604. in a Ship called the God Speed of sixtie Tunnes with thirteene Men and a Boy our Merchant was one Master Thomas Welden our Master was one Steuen Bonnit of Saint Catherins We arriued at Cola in Lapland the first of May where wee tarried till the last of the same Moneth at which time wee set sayle from Cola and went to an Harbour called Pechingo which lyeth betweene Cola and Ward-house In which Harbour of Pechingo we continued vntill the thirtieth of Iune At which time wee set sayle from thence and through contrarie windes and foule weather were put into ward-Ward-house where we tooke in fresh water and stayed vntill the sixth of Iuly The same day the wind came Southerly and we steered away Northwest and by North about 56. leagues wee obserued the Sunne at twelue of the clocke at Noone and found our selues to be in 73. degrees 5. minutes of Northerly Latitude The seuenth of Iuly it was all day calme and wee sounded but had no ground in two hundred and fiftie fathoms The eight day we had little winde which was at South-east and foggie weather and at eight of the clocke at Night wee saw great flockes of Sea-fowles which we call Willockes some of these Fowles had each of them a small Fish in their bills and flew toward the North-west and by North. The other without Fish some of them flew contrarie to the former and some sate in the Sea very neere our Ship About twelue of the clocke at night we sounded and had ground at one hundred and twentie fathomes We steered away North-west and by North till foure of the clocke the eight day in the morning then it fell calme and as the ship lay still our Master spied a Morsse which came to our ship and swamme round about it While we were all gazing at this Monster I spied the Iland ten leagues off bearing North North-west halfe a point Westerly which shewed very high Land and much Snow vpon it The wind came to the North-east The ninth day wee came to an Anchor on the South South-east side in fiue and twentie fathomes streamie ground We ●oysed out our Boate and Master Welden went toward the Land but thinking to haue landed he could not because there went a great Sea and great store of Ice all along the shoares side Within one houre the Boate came aboard and they ●aid there were so many Fowles that they couered the Rockes and flew in such great flockes that they shewed like a Cloud While thus they were talking close by the Boate rose vp●n huge Morsse putting his head aboue the water looking earnestly at the Boate and made such an horrible noyse and roaring that they in the Boate thought he would haue sunke it The same day at eight of the clocke at night we weighed and stood away South-west and by South about foure miles where wee doubled the Southermost point of the Iland and found the Land to trend North North-west and all along the shoare some scattering Ice We sayled along the shoare finding seuenteene eighteene and sometimes twentie fathomes streamie ground with white shels We held this course till wee saw all the Northermost part of the Iland and being within three miles of it and about thirteene miles from the Point wee came round about it And some two miles from the Land we anchored in sixteene fathomes streamie ground We had not ridden one houre to an end but a great piece of Ice came directly with the tyde vpon vs and before wee could weigh it strooke the ship with such force that it hilded on the one side Assoone as it was past we went on shoare where wee found

words following Through the will of the almightie and without beginning God which was before this world whom we glorifie in the Trinitie one onely God the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost maker of all things worker of all in all euery where fulfiller of all things by which will and working he both liueth and giueth life to man that our onely God which enspireth euerie one of vs his onely children with his word to discerne God through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perillous times established vs to keepe the right Scepter and suffer vs to raigne of our selues to the good profit of the land to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and the maintenance of vertue And so the Metropolitan blessed and laid his crosse vpon him After this he was taken out of his chaire of Maiesty hauing vpon him an vpper roabe adorned with precious stones of all sorts orient pearles of great quantity but alwayes augmented in riches it was in weight two hundred pounds the traine and parts thereof borne vp by six Dukes his chiefe imperiall Crowne vpon his head very precious his staffe imperiall in his right hand of an Vnicornes horne of three foote and a halfe in length beset with rich stones bought of Merchants of Ausburge by the old Emperour in Anno 1581. and cost him 7000. Markes sterling This Iewel Master Horsey kept sometimes before the Emperour had it His Scepter globe was carried before him by the Prince Boris Pheodorowich his rich cap beset with rich stones and pearles was carried before him by a Duke his sixe Crownes also were carried by Demetrius Iuanowich Godonoua the Emperours vnckle Mekita Romanowich th● Emperors vnckle Stephen Vasiliwich Gregorie Vasiliwich Iuan Vasiliwich brothers of the bloud royall Thus at last the Emperour came to the great Churchdoore and the people cried God saue our Emperour Pheodor Iuanowich of all Russia His Horse was there ready most richly adorned with a couering of imbrodered pearle and precious stones saddle and all furniture agreeable to it reported to be worth 300000. markes sterling There was a bridge made of a hundred fiftie fadomes in length three manner of waies three foot aboue ground and two fadome broad for him to goe from one Church to the other with his Princes and nobles from the presse of the people which were in number infinite and some at that time pressed to death with the throng As the Emperor returned out of the Churches they were spred vnder foot with cloth of Gold the porches of the Churches with red Veluet the Bridges with Scarlet stammelled cloth from one Church to another and as soone as the Emperor was passed by the cloth of gold veluet and scarlet was cut taken of those that could come by it euery man desirous to haue a piece to reserue it for a monument siluer and gold coine then minted of purpose was cast among the people in great quantitie The Lord Boris Pheodorowich was sumptuously and richly attired with his garments decked with great orient pearle beset with all sorts of precious stones In like rich manner were apparelled all the family of the Godonouaes in their degrees with the rest of the Princes and nobilitie whereof one named Knez Iuan Michalowich Glynsky whose roabe horse and furniture was in register found worth one hundred thousand markes sterling being of great antiquitie The Embresse being in her Pallace was placed in her chaire of Maiesty also before a great open window most precious and rich were her robes and shining to behold with rich stones and orient Pearles beset her crowne was placed vpon her head accompanied with her Princesses and Ladies of estate then cried out the people God preserue our noble Empresse Irenia After all this the Emperour came into the Parliament house which was richly decked there he was placed in his royall seat adorned as before his sixe crownes were set before him vpon a Table the Bason and Ewre royall of gold held by his knight of gard with his men standing two on each side in white apparell of cloth of siluer called Kindry with scepters and battle-axes of gold in their hands the Princes and nobility were all placed according to their degrees all in their rich roabes The Emperour after a short Oration permitted euery man in order to kisse his hand which being done he remoued to a princely seate prepared for him at the table where he was serued by his Nobles in very princely order The three out roomes being very great and large were beset with plate of gold and siluer round from the ground vp to the vauts one vpon the other among which plate were many barrels of siluer and gold this solemnitie and triumph lasted a whole weeke wherein many royall pastimes were shewed and vsed after which the chiefest men of the Nobilitie were elected to their places of office and dignitie as the Prince Boris Pheodorowich was made chiefe Counsellour to the Emperour Master of the Horse had the charge of his person Lieutenant of the Empire and warlike engins Gouernor or Lieutenant of the Empire of Cazan and Astracan and others to this dignitie were by Parliament and gift of the Emperour giuen him many reuenewes and rich lands as there was giuen him and his for euer to inherite a Prouince called Vaga of three hundred English miles in length and two hundred and fiftie in bredth with many Townes and great Villages populous and wealthy his yearely Reuenew out of that Prouince is fiue and thirtie thousand Markes sterling being not the fifth part of his yeare Reuenue Further he and his house be of such authoritie and power that in forty dayes warning they are able to bring into the field a hundred thousand Souldiours well furnished The conclusion of the Emperours Coronation was a peale of Ordnance called a Peale royall two miles without the Citie being a hundred and seuenty great pieces of brasse of all sorts as faire as any can be made these pieces were all discharged with shot against bulwarkes made of purpose twentie thousand hargubusers standing in eight ranks two miles in length apparelled all in veluet coloured silke and stammels discharged their shot also twise ouer in good order and so the Emperour accompanied with all his Princes and Nobles at the least fiftie thousand horse departed through the Citie to his palace This royall coronation would aske much time and many leaues of paper to be described particularly as it was performed it shall suffice to vnderstand that the like magnificence was neuer seene in Russia The Coronation and other triumphs ended all the Nobilitie officers and Merchants according to an accustomed order euery one in his place and degree brought rich presents vnto the Emperour wishing him long life and ioy in his kingdome The same time also Master Ierom Horsey aforesaid remaining as seruant in Russia for the Queens most excellent Maiestie was called for to the Emperour

Guaturo the King whereof rebelling from the obedience of your Maiestie was pursued by me and taken Prisoner at which time I with my company passed ouer a very high Mountaine full of great Trees in the top whereof we found one Tree which had three roots or rather diuisions of the roote aboue the Earth in forme of a Triangle or Treuet so that betweene euery foot of this Triangle or three feet there was a space of twentie foot betweene euery foot and this of such height aboue the Earth that a laden Cart of those wherewith they are accustomed to bring home Corne in time of Haruest in the Kingdome of Toledo in Spaine might easily haue passed through euery of those partitions or windoores which were betweene the three feet of the said Tree From the Earth vpward to the trunke of the Tree the open places of the diuisions betweene these three feete were of such height from the ground that a Footman with a Iauelin was not able to reach the place where the said feet ioyned together in the trunke or bodie of the Tree which grew of great height in one piece and one whole bodie or euer it spread in branches which it did not before it exceeded in height the Towre of Saint Romane in the Citie of Toledo from which height and vpward it spread very great and strong branches Among certaine Spaniards which climbed this Tree I my selfe was one and when I was ascended to the place where it begunne to spread the branches it was a maruellous thing to behold a great Countrey of such Trees toward the Prouince of Abrayme This Tree was easie to climbe by reason of certaine Besuchi whereof I haue spoken before which grew wreathed about the Tree in such sort that they seemed to make a scaling Ladder Euery of the foresaid three feet which bore the bodie of the Tree was twentie spannes in thicknesse and where they ioyned altogether about the Trunke or bodie of the Tree the principall Trunke was more then fortie and fiue spannes in circuite I named the Mountaine where these Trees grow the Mountaine of three footed Trees And this which I haue now declared was seene of all the company that was there with mee when as I haue said before I took King Guaturo Prisoner in the yeere 1522. Many things more might here be spoken as touching this matter as also how there are many other excellent Trees found of diuers sorts and difference as sweet Cedar Trees blacke Date Trees and many other of the which some are so heauie that they cannot float about the water but sinke immediately to the bottome and other againe as light as a Corke As touching all which things I haue written more largely in my generall Historie of the Indies And for as much as at this present I haue entred to entreate of Trees before I passe any further to other things I will declare the manner how the Indians kindle fire onely with Wood and without fire the manner whereof is this They take a peece of wood of two spannes in length as biggeas the least finger of a mans hand or as an arrow well pullished and of a strong kinde of wood which they keepe onely for this purpose and where they intend to kindle any fire they take two other peeces of wood of the driest and lightest that they can finde and binde them fast together one with another as close as two fingers ioyned in the middest or between these they put the point of the first little staffe made of hard and strong wood which they hold in their hands by the top thereof and turne or rubbe it round about continually in one place betweene the two peeces of wood which lye bound together vpon the earth which by that vncessant rubbing and chasing are in short space kindled and take fire I haue also thought good here to speake somewhat of such things as come to my remembrance of certaine Trees which are found in this Land and sometime also the like haue beene seene in Spaine These are certaine putrified trunkes which haue l●en so long rotting on the earth that they are very white and shine in the night like burning firebrands and when the Spaniards finde any of this wood and intend priuily in the night to make warre and inuade any Prouince when case so requireth that it shall be necessarie to goe in the night in such places where they know not the way the formost Christian man which guideth the way associate with an Indian to direct him therein taketh a little starre of the said wood which he putteth in his cap hanging behinde on his shoulders by the light whereof he that followeth next to him directeth his iourney who also in like manner beareth another starre behinde him by the shining whereof the third followeth the same way and in like manner doe all the rest so that by this meanes none are lost or stragle out of the way And for as much as this light is not seene very farre it is the better policie for the Christians because they are not thereby disclosed before they inuade their enemies Furthermore as touching the natures of Trees one particular thing seemeth worthy to be noted whereof Plinie maketh mention in his naturall Historie where he saith that there are certaine Trees which continue euer greene and neuer loose their leaues as the Bay-tree the Cedar the Orange-tree and the Oliue-tree with such other of the which in altogether he nameth not past fiue or six To this purpose I say that in the Ilands of these Indies and also in the firme land it is a thing of much difficultie to finde two Trees that lose or cast their leaues at any time for although I haue diligently searched to know the truth hereof yet haue I not seene any that lose their leaues either of them which we haue brought out of Spaine into these regions as Orange-trees Limons Cedars Palmes or Date-trees and Pomegranate-trees or of any other in these regions except onely Cassia which loseth his leaues and hath a greater thing appropriate to it selfe onely which is that whereas all other Trees and Plants of India spread their rootes no deeper in the earth then the depth of a mans height or somewhat more not descending any further into the ground by reason of the great heate which is found beneath that depth yet doth Cassia pearse further into the ground vntill it finde water which by the Philosophers opinion should be the cause of a thinne and watery radicall moisture to such things as draw their nourishment thereof as fat and vnctuous grounds with temperate heate yeelde a fast and firme moisture to such things as grow in them which is the cause that such Trees lose not their leaues as the said thinne and waterish moisture is cause of the contrarie as appeareth by the said effect which is seene onely in Cassia and none other Tree or Plant in all these

partes Of Reedes or Canes IN the firme land there are many sorts of Reedes so that in many places they make their houses thereof couering them with the tops of the same and making their wals of them in like manner as I haue said before and among these kindes of Reedes there is one so great that the Canes thereof are as bigge as a mans legge in the knee and three spans in length from ioynt to ioynt or more in so much that euery of them is of capacitie to containe a little bucket of water In this kinde there are found some greater and some lesse of the which some they vse to make quiuers for arrowes There is found another kinde which surely is marueilous being little bigger then a Iauelin the Canes whereof are longer then two spannes these Reedes grow one farre from another as sometimes twenty or thirty paces and sometimes also two or three leagues they grow in manner in all Prouinces in the Indies and grow neere to very high Trees whereunto they leane and creepe vp to the top of their branches which they imbrace and descend againe downe to the earth Their Canes are full of most cleare water without any manner of taste or sauour either of the Canes or of any other thing and such as if it were taken out of the freshest Spring in the world nor yet is it knowne that euer it hurt any that drunke thereof For it hath oftentimes so chanced that as the Christian men haue trauailed in these regions in desolate waies where for lacke of water they haue beene in great danger to dye with thirst they haue escaped that perill by reason that they found the said Reedes of the water of whose Canes they haue drunke a great quantity without any hurt thereof ensuing Therefore when they finde these in any place they make water vessels of the Canes thereof and carry as many of them full of water as may suffice for one dayes iourney and sometime they carrie so many that they take for euery man two or three quarts of water which may serue them for many daies because it doth not corrupt but remaineth still fresh and good There are also certaine Plants which the Christians call Platani They are as high as trees and become as bigge in the trunke as the knee of a man or more From the foote to the top they beare certaine long and large leaues being more then three spans in largenesse and about ten or twelue in length the which when they are broken of the winde the stalke remaineth whole in the middest In the middest of this Plant in the highest part thereof there groweth a cluster with fortie or fiftie Plantans about it euery of them being a span and a halfe in length and as bigge as a mans arme in the small or more or lesse according to the goodnesse of the soile where they grow they haue a rinde not very thicke and easie to be broken being within altogether full of a substance like vnto the marie of the bone of an Oxe as it appeareth when the rinde or barke is taken from the same This cluster ought to be taken from the Plant when any one of the Plantans begin to appeare yellow at which time they take it and hang it in their houses where all the cluster waxeth ripe with all his Plantans This cluster is a very good fruite and when it is opened and the rinde taken off there are found within it many good drie Figges which being rosted or stewed in an Ouen in a close pot or some such other thing are of pleasant taste much like to the conserue of Hony they putrifie not on the Sea so soone as some other fruites doe but continue fifteene daies and more if they be gathered somewhat greene they seeme more delicate on the Sea then on the Land not for that they any thing encrease in goodnes on the Sea but because that wheras on the Sea other things are lacking whereof is plentie on the Land those meates seeme of best taste which satisfie present necessitie This trunke or sprig which bringeth forth the said cluster is a whole yeare in growing and bringing forth fruite in which time it hath put forth round about in ten or twelue sprigges as bigge as the first or principal and multiplieth no lesse then the principall in bringing forth of clusters with fruits likewise at their time and also in bringing forth other and many sprigges as is said before From the which sprigges or trunkes as soone as the cluster of the fruite is taken away the Plant beginneth to drie and wither which then they take out of the ground because it doth none other then occupie it in vaine and without profit They are so many and doe so marueilously encrease and multiplie that it is a thing in manner incredible They are exceeding moist in so much that when they are plucked vp from the place where they grow there issueth forth a great quantity of water as well out of the Plant as out of the place where it grew in such sort that all the moisture of the earth farre about might seeme to be gathered together about the trunke or blocke of the said Plant with the fruites whereof the Antes are so farre in loue that they are seene in great multitudes in the branches of the Plants so that for the multitude thereof it sometime so chanceth that men are enforced to take away the Plants from their possession these fruites are found at all times of the yeere There is also another kinde of wilde Plants that groweth in the fieldes which I haue not seene but in the Iland of Hispaniola although they be found in other Ilands of the Indies these they call Tunas They grow of a Thistle full of thornes and bring forth a fruite much like vnto great Figges which haue a crowne like Medlers and are within of a high colour with graines and the rinde like vnto a Figge they are of good taste and grow abundantly in the fields in many places They worke a strange effect in such as eate them for if a man eate two or three or more they cause his vrine to be of the very colour of bloud whith thing chanced once to my selfe For on a time as I made water and saw the colour of my Vrine I entred into a great suspition of my life being so astonished for feare that I thought the same had chansed to me vpon some other cause in so much that surely my imagination might haue done me hurt but that they which were with me did comfort me immediately declaring the cause thereof as they knew by experience being auncient inhabitours in those regions There groweth also another Plant which the people of the Countrie call Bihaos this putteth forth certaine straight branches and very broade leaues which the Indians vse for diuers purposes for in some places they couer their houses with the leaues thereof