Earls of Burgundy being meerly Officiall It was first united to the Dutchy by the mariage of D. Eudes with Ioan the Countess But no issue coming of this bed it fell into the house of Flanders and with the Heir of Flanders unto Philip the Hardie the first Duke hereof of the Royall Race of Valois Anno 1369. Philip the Grand-child of this Philip united most of the Belgick Provinces unto his Estate after whose death and the death of Charles his Sonne at the battell of Nancie the Dutchie was surprized by King Lewis the 11th as holden of the Crown of France escheated to him for want of Heirs males But the Countie holden of the Empire though subdued also by this Lewis was restored again to Mary the Daughter and Heir of Charles continuing hitherto in her issue as appears evidently by this Catalogue of The Earls of Burgundie 1001. 1 Otho Guillaume the first Earl of Burgundy by the power and aid of Robert King of France 1118. 2 Reinald Cousin and Heir of Otho 1157 3 Frederick Barbarâ—ssa Emperour in right of Beatrix his wife Daughter of Earl Reynald 1183. 4 Otho the youngest Sonne of Frederick 1200 5 Otho II. Duke of Meranis and Earl of Burgundie in right of Beatrix his Wife the Daughter of Otho the first 1208 6 Stephen Earl of Chalons next Heir of Gerard of Vienne and Joan his Wife Daughter of Otho the first 1204 7 John the Sonne of Stephen de Chalons 1269 8 Hugh the Sonne of John â—270 9 Othelin the Sonne of Hugh Earl of Artoys in right of Maud his Wife Daughter of Robert Earl of Artoys 1315 10 Philip the Long King of France in right of Ioan his Wife Daughter and Heir of Othalin 1331 11 Eudes Duke of Burgundie Husband of Ioan of France the eldest Daughter of King Philip the Long and Ioan the Countess 1349 12 Philip Duke and Earl of Burgundie Grand-child of Eudes and Ioan his Wife by their Sonne Philip. 1361. 13 Margaret the Widow of Lewis Earl of Flanders and second Daughter of Philip the Long and Ioan the Countels was Countess of Burgundie and Artois after the death of her Cosin Philip. 14 Lewis de Malain Earl of Flanders by his Father and of Burgundie and Artois by his Mother 1369. 15 Philip the Hardie Duke of Burgundie by the gift of his Brother Charles the 5th and Earl of Burgundie Flanders and Artois in right of Margaret his Wife sole Daughter of Lewis de Malain 1404. 16 Antony the Proud Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1419. 17 Philiy the Good Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1467. 18 Charles the Warlike Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1475. 19 Mary the Daughter of Charles maried to Maximillan of Austria Sonne of Frederick the 3d Emperour of Germany in which honour he succeeded his Father 1482 20 Philip the IV. Sonne of Mary and Maximilian King of Castile and Aragon in right of his Wife Ioan Daughter to â—erdinand and Isabel Kings of Castile c. 1506 21 Charles the Sonne of Philip King of Spain and Emperour of Germany by the name of Charles the fiâ—t 1558. 22 Philip the II. of Spain and V. of Burgundie 23 Philip the III of Spaine and VI. of Burgundie 23 Philip the IV. of Spaine and VII of Burgundie in whom resteth the possession of the 〈◊〉 of Burgundie and the Earldom of Charolois herein not troubled by the 〈◊〉 for feâ—â— of giving offence to the Cantons of Switzerland upon whom it bordereth jealous enough already of the greatness and power of France and so not likely to admit such a porent Neighbour The Armes of this Earldom are Azure a Lyon rampant Or Seme of Billets Argent 20 The ILANDS in the AQUITAINE and GALLICK OCEAN HAving thus took a view of the severall Provinces within the Continent of France let us next look upon the ILANDS which belong unto it dispersed in the Mediterranean Sea and the Western Ocean Those in the Mediterranean Sea are of little note as the Isles of Ere 's and 2 Pomegnes lying against Provence 3 Maguelone lying against Languedoc and 4 L' Anguillade betwixt both at the moutâ— of the Rhosne of which there is nothing to be said but that those of Ere 's are thought to be the ostocchades of Ptolomie and his Blascon to be Anguillade And of as little note in the Western Ocean are Belle-Isle against Vannes in Bretangne the Isle de Deiu having in it two or three good Villages Marmostier plentifull in Salt and beautified with a Monastery called the White Abbie Those of most note are 1 Oleroâ— and 2 Ree on the coast of Aquitaine and those of 3 Jarsey 4 Gernsey 5 Sark and 6 Alderney on the shores of Normandy Of which the four last are under the Kings of England the rest possessed by the French 1 OLERON is an Iland situate over against the Province of Xaintoigne and South unto the Isle of Ree from which little distant It is the biggest of the two and makes yeerly very great quantitie of Salt wherewith most of the Provinces on the Western Ocean use to be furnished But it is easie of access and not very defensible which makes it of lesse note both in antient and modern stories The principall Town of it is called Oleron by the name of the Iland One thing there is for which indeed this Iland is of speciall fame and that is that the Marine Lawes which for neer 500 years have generally been received by all the States of the Christian World which frequent the Ocean the Rhodian Lawes being antiquated and worn out of use for regulating of Sea affairs and deciding of Maritime Controversies were declared and established here and from hence called the Lawes of Oleron And here they were declared and established by King Rich. the first of England as Lord Paramount of the Seas immediately on his return from the Holy Land this Iland being then in his possession as a Member of his Dukedom of Aquitaine Quae quidem Leges Statutaper Dominum Richardum quondam Regem Angliae in redditu suo à Terra Sancta correcta fuerunt interretata declarata et in Insula de Oleron publicata et nominata in Gallica Lingua La Loy d' Oleron c. saith an old Record which I find cited in a M. S. Discourse of my late learned Friend Sir Iohn Burroughs once Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London but afterwards Principall King of Arms by the name of Garter entituled The Soveraignty of the British Seas So powerfull were the Kings of England in the former times as to give Lawes to all that traded on the Ocean 2 The Isle of R E is situate over against Rochell to which it served for an Out-work on that side thereof It is in length ten English miles and about half as much in bredth well fortified with deep marishes at the entries of it to which the many Salt-pits every where intermingled adde a very great strength Chief places in it
by D. Frederick of Galeazzo Malateste for thirteen hundred Florins of gold 5. Cabo or Cagli on the Sea 6. S. Leon a good Town and the chief of the Country of Montfeltre which is a limb of this Dukedom 7. Eugubium or Augubio of which nothing famous or remarkable Of the Castles the principall are Marivola and the Rock of S. Leon which were the last that held good for Duke Guidos Baldo against Caesar Borgia Duke of Valentinoys sonne to Pope Alexander the sixt and the first which did return again under his obedience For which cause when he fled the second time from the said Borgia he dismantled all his other Castles as being more likely to admit than resist the Invader and these two last being very well fortified he left to keep possession of the Countrey for him Here is also within the limits of this Estate the Dukedom of CAMERINE an antient and well peopled Town of a strong naturall situation amongst the hills an Estate holden of the Church by the noble Family of di Varena till the time of Pope Paul the third when Julia di Varena the heir hereof conveyed it by Mariage unto Guido Ubaldi Duke of Urbin But the Pope pretending an Escheat for want of heirs males made himself Master of it by force of Arms and gave it to his sonne Piero Farnesi whom afterwards with the consent of the College of Cardinalls he made Duke of Parma and setled Camerine on the Church as it still continues In the time of Conradin the last Duke of Schwaben Urbine was first subdued by the Earls of Montfeltre whose Successors increasing in power added the Town and Territory of Eugubio to it And in the bustles betwixt Lewis of Bavaria the Emperor and Pope Clement the sixt Ano. 1345. Gelasso di Montfeltre held it by no other Title but as the Emperors Vicegerent This Family injoyed it till the yeer 1444. by the Title onely of Earls of Montfeltre and Lords of Urbine when Frederick Ubaldi for his singular and surpassing valour was by Pope Eugenius the fourth created the first Duke hereof A man of such repute for all gallant qualities that he was by King Henry the sixt made Knight of the Garter in recompence of which high honour the English to this day injoy many privileges in these Dominions Guido Ubaldi this Dukes sonne lost his Estate to Caesar Borgia after whose death he did recover it again by the power and favour of Pope Julio the second to whom succeeded Francisco Maria di Rovero his sisters sonne in whose Family it still continues as will appear by this ensuing Catalogue of The Dukes of Urbine 1 Frederick Ubaldi of the antient Family de Monte feltro the first Duke of Urbine and one of the Knights of the honourable Order of the Garter 2 Ghido Ubaldi sonne of Frederick for a while outed of this Dukedom by Caesar Borgia He was Knight also of the Garter 3 Francisco Maria de la Rovero sisters sonne and next heir to Guido Ubaldi was in his own right Lord of Senogallia and had Pisaâ—ro from the Pope in reward of his many services done unto the Church disseized for a while by Pope Leo the tenth 4 Lawrence de Medices Father of Catharine di Medices the French Queen and of Alexander the first Duke of Florence was for a while made Duke of Urbine by Pope Leo the tenth being of that Family but lost it shortly after to Duke Francisco who after the death of Pope Leo recovered his Estates again and died possessed of the Dukedom Guido Ubaldi II. sonne of Duke Francisco 6 Francisco Maria II. sonne of Guido the second The Revenues of this Dukedom are said to be 100000 Crowns per annum but might be raised to a greater sirm did not the Duke prefer the love and ease of his Subjects before the filling of his own coffers He is able to raise 1200. good Souldiers out of his Estate and more his people would supply if he had occasion The Arms hereof Azure a Tower Argent environed with Flower de Lyces Or. Here are in this Dukedom Arch-bishops 10. Bishops 3. The Seigneury of VENICE WEst of the Lands of the Church from Romandiola to the Alpes lie the Italian Provinces of the State of VENICE that is to say Marca Trevigiana Friuli Histria and some Ilands in the Golf neer the City it self Besides which it containeth a great part of Dalmatia together with the Ilands Candie Corfu Cephalonia Zant Ithaca Cithera and certain others of less note The length of their Dominions both by Sea and Land extending above a thousand miles but the breadth not answerable The nature of the soyl and the principall Rivers which refresh it we shall see anon in the description of the Provinces before mentioned according to which Provinces and the chief Cities of them the Character of the people is best taken it being said proverbially by the Italians that the Venetians themselves are stately crafty and greedy the Veronians studious and faithfull the Paduans fierce the Vincentians eager on Revenge those of Friulâ— gratefull and inconstant those of Histria neither long-livers nor of very great courage That in the conduct of a war those of Venice bring silver those of Treviso swords that the Brescians are fit to dig in trenches those of Bergomo to lay Ambushes those of Padua to manage Horses And of the women it is said that those of Crema are deceitfull those of Venice insolent those of Venice insolent those of Vincentia constant those of Verona gracious those of Treviso jealous those of Brescia diligent and the Bergomasques crafty But not to dally longer in these Proverbiall Characters certain it is that the Venetians themselves do affect a great deal of gravitie in their actions speak very little at the Table very severe where they have authority and many times in the excess And yet such is the constant temper of their Government and their impartiality in doing Justice that they are very wel obeyed and generally well beloved of all their subjects notwithstanding the heavy pressures which are layd upon them is wel in Italie as without Esteemed in former times good souldiers both by Sea and Land maintaining wars continually with the Turks in Palestine the Emperors of Constantinople in Greece it self the Genoese by sea and their neighbours of Italie in this Continent But of late times they have more studied to preserve than inlarge their Dominions and that too by rather expence of mony than the loss of blood and by wit rather than by valour So fortunate in this last kind of practice that Machiavel observed of them in his time that whatsoever they lost by War they recovered by Treatie A pregnant evidence whereof we shall see anon To proceed now to the description of such of the Provinces and Estates of this Common-wealth as pass under the accompt of Italie they are as before was said 1. Marca Trevigiana 2. Friuli 3. Histria 4. the Italian
Roman Emâ—ire or that of the Sultans under the Mahometan Caliphs and the Vice-Roys of the old Egyptian Pharaohs An office which had been born by the Ancestors of this Martel ever since the reign of Clotaire the second in whose time the Palatine or Mayre was one Arnulphus descended lineally from Vâ—ilo the second Sonne of Adalgerio the first King of the Boiarians or Bavarians Which Vtilo being a military Prince and having done good service to Theodorick the first King of Austrasia or Mets against the Danes then grievously infesting the Coasts of the Lower-Germany was by him made Warden of those Marches and honoured with the mariage of his Daughter Clotilde and liberally endowed with fair possessions in this tract The fourth from Vtilo was this Arunlph the first Mayre of this house which Office having long enjoyed he resigned it to Ansegisus his eldest Sonne the first who drew unto himself the Managery of the whole Estate and bidding farewell to the affairs of the World became a Priest and dyed a Bishop of Mets Anno 641. Afterwards Canonized a Saint Ansegisus dying in the year 679. left his authority and Office to his Nephew Martin Sonne of Ferdulphus his younger Brother But he being slain by Ebroinus one of the Competitors who a while enjoyed it Pepin surnamed the Pat Sonne of Ansegisus revenging his Cozins death upon Ebronius and crushing all the opposite factions which were raised against him obtained that honour for himself And having much advanced the affairs of France by the conquest of the Sueves and Frisons died in the year 714. Succeeded to in this great Office after his decease for Grimold his only lawfull Sonne and Theobalaus the Sonne of Grimold whom he had successively substituted in the same died not long before him by Charles his natural Son begotten on Albieda his Concubine from his martiall prowess called Martel Who in his time did to the Kings of France great service especially in routing that vast Army of the Moores and Saracens in the battel of â—ours before mentioned thereby not only freeing France from the present danger but adding Languedâ—c to the Crown formerly in possession of the Gothes and Moores for which he was created Duke or Prince of the French yet would he not usurp the Kingdom or the title of King though both at his disposall wholly it being his ordinary Saying that he had rather Rule a King than be one To him succeeded Caroloman his eldest Sonne Anno 741. who held the office but a year and then left it to his Brother Pepin Who being of less moderation than his Father was made such use of his power that partly by that means and partly under colour of an election confirmed by Pope Zacharie the first he took the Kingdom to himself and the unfortunate King Chilperick had his powle shaven and was thrust into a Monasterie For this investiture both Pepin and Charles his Son did many good services for the Popes destroying on their quarrel the Kingdom of the Lombaerds and giving them most of the Lands which formerly belonged unto the Exrohs of Ravenna And on the other side the Popes to requite these curtesies confirm'd the former in this Kingdom by their Papal Power which then began to bear some sway in the Christian World and gave the last besides the opportunity of attaining the Western Empire the Title of Most Christian King continued ever since unto his Successors And to say truth he well deserved those honours and had they been farr greater by many victories obtained against the Enemies of rhe Gospel the several Heathens by his means converted to the Faith of Christ the great abilities he had of estate and judgement inabling him to support the Majestie of the Roman Empire For he not only was sole Monarch of the Kingdom of France not parcelled out as formerly and in times succeeding into several petit Kingdoms and Principalities but had added thereunto by his own proper vertue the greatest part of Italie the best part of Germany all Belgium the two Pannonia's and a great part of Spain But this vast Empier falling into weak hands which were not able enough to manage it decaied in as little time as it was in raising partly by the unnaturall Ambition of the Sonnes of King Lewis the Godly the next Successor of this Charles who to make themselves all Kings first deposed their Father and then divided his Estate amongst them into the Kingdoms of Italy Burgundy France Lorrain and Germany four of which falling at last into the hands of strangers ceased to be French and passed into such Famlies as proved the greatest enemies of the Crown of France partly by alienating the best and goodliest Provinces of France it self never again united till these later dayes which made the French Kings less considerable both at home and abroad which we have touched upon before and partly by the weakness and unworthiness of the Kings of this race there being no question to be made but Lewis the Stammering Charles the Balâ— the Gross and the Simple would have found better Attributes if they had deserved them For by this means the issue of this brave Prince grew so despicable in the eys of their Subjects that first Eudes the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou and after Rodolph Duke of Burgundy the Vncle of Eudes both of the race of Witikindus the last Prince of the Saxons and consequently both Aliens to the House of Charles possessed themselves severally of the Kingdom And though they did not hold it long being depressed and overborn by their opposite factions yet did they lay a fair ground for Hugh Capet to build his hopes on Who being Sonne of Hugh the Great Constable of France and Earl of Paris the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou younger Brother of Eudes and neer kinsman of Rodolphe never left practising his party in the Realm of France till he had got possession of the Regall Diadem wherewith two Princes of his house had been invested formerly by the like Elections But for the Kings of this second Race founded by two brave Princes but on the unjust grounds of an usurpation they are these that follow The second race of the Kings of France of the Carolovinian or Boiarian Line A. Ch. 151. 1 Pepin the Sonne of Charles Martel succeeded in the Office of Mayre Anno 742 and having got the Regal Crown vanquished the Lombards made the Boiarians tributarie and crushed the Saxons 18. 769. 2 Charles surnamed the Great the Sonne of Pepin subdued the Kingdoms of the Lombards and Saxons conquered the Boiarians and Avares and vanquished the Saracens of Spain Crowned Emperour of the West upon Christmas day by Pope Leo the third Anno 800 46. 815. 3 Lewis the Godly Sonne of Charles King of France and Emperour the last sole Monarch of the French deposed by his ambitious and unnaturall Sonnes the Empire of the French after his decease being divided into the Kingdoms of Italie Bâ—rgundie Germanie
the Crown of England by the power of the Sword from the true Heirs of Edmund the 2d surnamed Ironside and that his Successors had enjoyed it by no other Title till Queen Elizabâ—ths death yet Iames the first Monarch of Great Britain succeeded by a right descent from the Saxon Line without relation to the Conquest of the Norman Bastard 8 William the Brother of Malcolm the 4th and Nephew of David before mentioned by his Sonne Prince Henry who died in the life of his Father being taken Prisoner at the Battail of Alnwick did Homage to King Henry the 2d for the Crown of Scotland and was thereupon restored to his Liberty and his Realm to peace What doth occur concerning the succeeding Kings when their Affairs with England and the World abroad became more considerable we shall see anon In the mean time proceed we to the Storie of Machbâ—th than which for variety of Action and strangeness of events I never met with any more pleasing The Storie in brief is thus Duncan King of the Scots had two principall men whom he employed in all matters of importance Machbeth and Banquho These two travelling together through a Forrest were met by three Fairâ—es Witches Weirds the Scots call them whereof the first making obeysance unto Machbeth saluted him Thane a Title unto which that of Earl afterward succeeded of Glammis the second Thane of Cawder and the third King of Scotland This is unequall dealing saith Banquho to give my Friend all the Honours and none unto me to whom one of the Weirds made answer That he indeed should not be King but out of his loyns should come a Race of Kings that should for ever rule the Scots And having thus said they all suddenly vanished Vpon their arrivall to the Court Machbeth was immediatly created Thane of Glammis not long after some new service of his requiring new recompence he was honoured with the title of Thane of Cawder Seeing then how happily the prediction of the three Weirds fell out in the two former he resolved not to be wanting to himself in fulfilling the third and therefore first he killed the King and after by reason of his command among the Souldiers and common people he succeeded in his Throne Being scarce warm in his seat he called to mind the prediction given to his Companion Banqubo whom hereupon suspecting as his supplanter he caused him to be killed together with his whole Posterity Fleance one of his Sonnes escaping only with no small difficulty into Wales Freed as he thought from all fear of Banquho and his issue he built Dunsinan Castle and made it his ordinary seat and afterwards on some new fears consulting with certain of his Wizards about his future Estate was told by one of them that he should never be overcome till Bernane Wood being some miles distant came to Dunsinan Castle and by another that he should never be slain by any man which was born of a woman Secure then as he thought from all future dangers he omitted no kind of libidinous cruelty for the space of 18 yeers for so long he tyrannized over Scotland But having then made up the measure of his Iniquities Mac-duffe the Governor of Fife associating to himself some few Patriots equally hated by the Tyrant and abhorring the Tyrannie privily met one Evening at Bernane Wood and taking every one of them a Bough in his hand the better to keep them from Discovery marched early in the morning towards Dunsinan Castle which they took by Scalado Macbeth escaping was pursued by Mac-duffe who having overtaken him urged him to the combat to whom the Tyrant half in scorn returned this Answer That he did in vain attempt to kill him it being his destinie never to be slain by any that was born of a Woman Now then said Mac-duffe is thy fatall end drawing fast upon thee for I was never born of Woman but violently cut out of my Mothers belly which words so daunted the cruell Tyrant though otherwise a valiant man and of great performances that he was very easily slain and Malcolm Conmor the true Heir of the Crown seated in the Throne In the mean time Fleance so prospered in Wales that he gained the affection of the Princes Daughter of that Countrey and on her begat a Sonne called Walter who flying out of Wales returned into Scotland and his descent once known he was not only restored to the Honours and Estates of his Ancestors but preferred to be Steward of the House of Edgar the Sonne of Malcolm the third surnamed Conmor the name of Stewart growing hence hereditary unto his Posterity From this Walter descended that Robert Stewart who succeeded David Bruce in the kingdom of Scotland the Progenitor of nine Kings of the name of Stewart which have Reigned successively in that kingdom But it is now time to leave off particulars and look into the generall Succession of The Kings of the Scots before the Conquest of the Picts 424. 1 Fergus 2 Eugenius 449. 3 Dongal 4 Constantine 5 Congall 6 Goran 7 Eugenius II. 8 Congall II. 9 Kinnatel 10 Aidan 604 11 Kenneth 12 Eugenius III. 622 13 Ferchard 14 Donald 15 Ferchard II. 16 Malduine 17 Eugenius IV. 18 Eugenius V. 19 Amberkeleth 20 Eugenius VI. 21 Mordac 730 22 Etfinus 23 Eugenius VII 24 Fergus II. 25 Solvathius 26 Achaius 809 27 Congall III. 28 Dongall II. 29 Alpine slain in a Battail by the Picts in pursuit of his quarrell for that kingdom pretended to belong unto him in Right of his Mother Sister and Heir of Hungius the last King thereof 30 Kenneth II. Sonne of Alpine who utterly subdued and destroyed the Picts extending extending thereby the Scotish Kingdom from one Sea to the other over all the bounds of modern Scotland of which deservedly accounted the first Monarch the Founder of the new Succession of The Kings of the Scots after the Conquest of the Picts A. Ch. 839. 1 Kenneth II. the first sole King of all Scotland 17. 856. 2 Donald II. Brother of Kenneth the 2d 862. 3 Constantin II. Sonne of Kenneth the 2d 875. 4 Ethus Brother of Constantin the 2d 890. 5 Donald III. Sonne of Constantin the 2d 903. 6 Constantin III. 30. 933. 7 Malcolm Sonne of Donald the 3d. 949. 8 Iâ—gulph an Intrnder 12. 961. 9 Duffe Sonne of Malcolm 1. 961. 10 Kenneth III. Brother of Duffe 994. 11 Constantin IV. an Intruder against the Law and Line of Kenneth the 3d. 1004. 12 Malcolm II. Sonne of Kenneth the 3d. opposed by Gâ—ime the Nephew of Duffe 1035. 13 Duncan Sonne of Grime succeeded Malcolm the 2d dying without issue 1040. 14 Macbeth the Tyrant and Vsurper 1057. 15 Malcolm III. Sonne of Duncan 2096. 16 Donald IV. surnamed Ban Brother of Malcolm the 3d. 1098. 17 Edgar Sonne of Malcolm the 3d. 1107. 18 Alexander Brother of Edgar 1124. 19 David Brother of Alexander 1133. 20 Malcolm Sonne of David 1166. 21 William Brother of Malcolm the 4th
belonging to the Duke but in the power of the Citizens who without this Fort could not be master of their Liberties The wals about it are of earth high and broad and the Ditches deep the buildings generally fair for the most part of brick the chief whereof is the Common-Councell house the streets broad and long with two spacious Market-places but of no very pleasing smell the whole about a mile and an halfe in length half a mile in breadth containing six Parish Churches But the thing most considerable in it is the Fountaine of Salt the greatest riches of this City and the house in which the Salt is boiled containing 52 rooms and in each room 8 leaden pans in which are boiled dayly 8 tuns of salt every tun being sold for 8 Flemmish shillings bought by the Hamburgers Lubeckers and other Merchants some part of the profits of it belonging to the Duke some to the City the rest to the Adventurers who employ their stocks on it 2 Cella the seat of the Duke of Lunenburg 3 Gethern of no great bignesse or estimation but for a strong Castle of the Dukes 4 Oldendorp situate betwixt the Venaw and the River Esca memorable for the great battell fought neer it anno 1633. betwixt the Imperialists and the Swedes the honour and benefit whereof fell unto the Swedes who killed upon the place 5000 of the Enemie besides such as were found dead in the fields and high wayes all covered over with dead bodies took 1500 of them prisoners and got into their hands 13 pieces of Ordinance good store of Ammunition and three mules laden with silver for the pay of the Army the reputation of this victory drawing in Hammelen and other places of importance which stood out before 5 Verda an Episcopall See but made a Lay-fee as most other Bishopricks amongst the Lutherans the profits thereof being received commonly by a sonne of Danemark with the title of Administrator and lastly by the treaty of Munster appropriated for ever to the Crown of Sweden the Kings whereof to be entituled Dukes of Verden 7 Rotenburg the chief seat of the Bishops of Verda Northwest of Lunenburg on both sides of the Elb lyeth the Countrey and Seigneurie of LAWENBVRG so called from Lawenburg Lawburgum a Town and Castle built on the further side of the Albis by Barnard of Anhalt the first Duke of Saxonie of that family which being razed by Duke Henry the Lyon was again reedified and given by Albert the sonne of Barnard to his second son John from whom the Dukes of Saxonie commonly called Dukes of Saxen-Lawenburg doe derive themselves Who being pretermitted by the Emperour Sigismund at the death of Albert the third the last of the direct line of Barnard have since contented themselves with their antient Patrimonie Other towns observable in this Signeurie next unto Lawenburg it self are 2 Erdenburg a well fortified peece opposite to Lawenburg on the hither side of the Elb. 3 Raceburg the sepulture of this noble family 4 Moeln the cause of much contention betwixt the Lords hereof and the town of Hamburg who pretend a title thereunto But to return again to Brunswick and Lunenbourg the antient Inhabitants of these Dukedomes were the Duglubini of Taâ—itus with some parts of the Chauci and Cherusci these last of most fame for the blow they gave to Quintilius Varus Lieutenant in Gâ—rmanie after Drusus for Augustus Caesar who behaving himselfe with great insolency towards the Natives was set upon by these Cherusci and their confederates under the conduct of Arminius a great Prince amongst them himselfe slain and his whole Army consisting of three Legions miserably cut off and despightfully used which losse and the shame thereof so distracted the Emperour not formerly accustomed to the like misfortunes that he was many times observed to tear his beard knock his head against the posts and cry out in the bitternesse of his passion Redde mihi legiones Quintili Varo Having long time after this maintained their liberty for the Romans kept themselves from that time forwards on the French side of the Rhene they were at last subdued by the Saxons continuing part of that great Dukedom till the proscription of Henry surnamed the Lyon spoken of before whose reconciliation being made by meanes of Henry the second of England whose daughter Maud hee had formerly married the Emperor Barbarossa restored to him again the Cities of Brunswick and Lunenburg with their severall Territories of which his two sons Henry and William were first created Earles then Dukes the one of Brunswick and the other of Lunenbourg by the Emperour Frederick the second Which honours and Estates doe still remain unto their Posterities Before I come to the successions of which Princes I shall crave leave to speak of the Originall of the Guelfian Familie Dukes at the same time of Bavaria and Saxonie of which they are at this time the sole remainder A Family derived from one Guelphus whence it had the name the son of Isenberdus Earl of Altorf in Schwaben whose wife called Jermintrudis having accused a poor woman of Adultery and caused her to be grievously punished for having 12 children at a birth was afterwards delivered of the like number all of them sons Her husband being absent at the time of her delivery she commanded the Nurse to kill 11 of them fearing it seems the like shame and punishment as by her instigation was inflicted on the other woman The Nurse going to perform this ungodly command was met by the old Earl then returning homewards who asked her what she had in her Apron she made answer Whelps he desired to see them shee denyed him Angrie at this refusall he opened her Apron and there found eleven of his owne sonnes pretty sweet babes and of most promising countenances Examining the matter he found out the truth and enjoyning the old Trot to be secret in it he put the children out to Nurse six years expired the Earl invited to a Feast most of his own and his Ladies kindred and attiring the young boyes all alike presented them unto their Mother Who suspecting by the number of them what the matter was confessed her offence is pardoned by the good old Earl and carefully educates her children Whom the Father commanded to be called by the name of Guelpes alluding to the Whelpes or Puppies which the Nurse told him she had in her Apron From the eldest of these Guelphs or Guelpes succeeded that Henry Guelph sonne of Robert Earl of Altorf whom Conrade the second made Duke of Bavaria many of whose posterity enjoyed that Dukedome increased at last by the addition of the Dukedome of Saxonie in the person of Duke Henry surnamed the Proud Father of Henry called the Lyon and Grandfather of Henry and William the first Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg whose succession followeth in this Order The DVKES of BRUNSWICK and LVNENBVRG 1 Henry surnamed the Lyon the last Duke of Saxony and the first of this
In her time Charls surnamed the Great was by the Pope and people of Rome created Emperour of the West For the Popes knowing their own greatnesse to grow out of the ruines of the temporall power committed the Empire of the West unto the French Princes whereby the Greek Emperours became much weakened and the French being the Popes creatures were in tract of time brought to their devotion In following times when Frederick Barbarossa was by Pope Alexander the 3. pronounced non-Emperour Emanuel of Constantinople sued for a re union of the Empires but the crafty Pope returned this answer Non licere illi conjungere quae majores ejus de industria disjunxerunt Let no man presume to joyn what the God of Rome the Pope hath put asunder 803 32 Nicephorus a Patritian made Emperour by the souldiers perswaded that Irene had made choise of him to be her successour slaine in a pitcht field against the Bulgarians 812 33 Michael surnamed Curopalates from his office the Mayre of the Palace as it were husband to Procopia the daughter of Nicephorus assumed the Empire which finding his own weaknesse he did soone relinquish and betooke himselfe unto a Monasterie 814 34 Leo V. surnamed Armenius from his Country Generall of the horse to Michael demolished the images which his predecessour had set up slain in the Church during the time of divine service 821 35 Michael II. surnamed Balbus having murdered Leo assumed the Empire unfortunate in his government and dyed of madnesse 830 36 Theophilus the son of Michael Balbus an enemy of images like his father and as unfortunate as he losing many battels to the Saracens at last dyed of melancholy 842 37 Michael III. son of Theophilus first with his mother Theodora who took unto her self the supreme command and after of himself sole Emperour his mother being made a Nun. 866 38 Basilius surnamed Macedo from the place of his birth made consort in the Empire by Michael the son of Theophilus whom he basely and treacherously murdered killed casually by a Stag. 886 39 Leo VI. for his learning surnamed Philosophus the son of Basilius a vigilant and provident Prince most of his time with variable successe spent against the Bulgarians 912 40 Constantine VI. commonly called the VII son of Leo Philosophus first under his uncle Alexander next under Zoe his mother and after under Romanus Lacopenus governed the Empire by which last so miserably depressed that he was fain to get his livelyhood by painting But Lacopenus being deposed and turned into a Monasterie by his own sons Consiantine at last obtained his rights and restored learning unto Greece 961 41 Romanus the son of Constantine 963 42 Nicephorus surnamed Phocas first Governour or Protectour to the young Emperour Romanus after whose death created Emperour by the armie he recovered Antioch Cilicia and the greatest part of Asia minor from the power of the Saracens slaine in the night by John Zimisces his wife Theophania being privie to it 971 43 John Zimisces Emperour in the place of Nicephorus Phocas governed the Empire better then he did obtain it vanquishing the Bulgarians Rosses and others of the barbarous Nations and left it at his death to the sons of Romanus 977 44 Basilius II. surnamed Porphyrogenitus as many of the Emperours had been before him in regard that at their births they were wrapped in purple which the Greeks call Porphyrie the Imperiall colour subdued the Bulgarians and made them Homagers to the Empire 1027 45 Constantinus VII or VIII brother of Basilius and with him partner in the Empire after whose death he governed three years by himself but did nothing memorable 1030 46 Romanus II. for his prodigalitie surnamed Argyropolus husband of Zoe the daughter of Constantine the 8. drowned in a Bath by the treason of his wife and her Adulterer 1035 47 Michael IV. surnamed Paphlago from his Country first the Adulterer and afterwards the husband of Zoe but dyed very penitent 1042 48 Michael V. surnamed Calaphates a man of obscure birth adopted by Zoe whom he deposed from the Government and turned into a Monasterie Out of which being again taken in a popular tumult she put out the eyes of Calaphates and being then 60 yeares of age bestowed both the Empire and her selfe upon 1043 49 Constantine IX surnamed Monomachus formerly husband to a Neece of Romanus the 2. 1055 50 Theodora sister unto Zoe after the death of Constantine managed for two years the affairs of the Empire with great contentment to all people But grown in age surrendred it to 1057 51 Michael VI. surnamed Stratioticus an old but militarie man deposed within the year by 1060 52 Isaacius of the noble familie of the Gomneni valiant of great courage and diligent in his affairs which having managed for two years he left it at his death with consent of the Senate and people to 1063 53 Constantine X. surnamed Ducas a great Justicier and very devout but exceeding covetous whereby he became hated of his subjects and contemned by his enemies 1071 54 Romanus III. surnamed Diogenes marryed Eudoxia the wife of Constantinus Ducas and with her the Empire Took prisoner by the Turks and sent home again he found a faction made against him by which Eudoxia was expelled himself at his return deposed and so dyed in exile 1075 55 Michael VII the son of Constantinus Ducas surnamed Parapinacius by reason of the famine which in his time happened made Emperour in the aforesaid tumult But being found unable for so great an honour the Turks prevailing in all places he was deposed again and put into a Monasterie 1081 56 Nicephorus II. surnamed Boliâ—nates of the house of the Phocas succeeded in the place of Parapinace deposed within 3 years by the Comneni 1084 57 Alexius Comnenus son of the Emperour Isaacius Comnenus obtained the Empire in whose time the Western Christians with great forces prepared for the recovery of the Holy Land Of whose purposes being very jealous he denyed them passage through his Countrie in the end forced to finde them victuals and other necessaries 1113 58 Calo-Johannes the son of Alexius had a good hand against the Turks from whom he tooke Laodicea and some other places of importance He also vanquished the Scythians or Tartars passing over the Ister most of which he either slew in battell or sold as captives permitting the remainder to abide on this side that River He also conquered the Servians and Bulgarians transporting many of them into Bithynia 1142 59 Manuel or Emanuel the younger son of Calo-Joannes an under-hand enemie to the Western Christians and an open enemie to the Turks by whom intrapped in the dangerous straits of Cilicia and his Armie miserably cut off he was on honourable terms permitted to return again 1180 60 Alexius II. son of Manuel deposed and barbarously murdered by Andronicus the Cousin Grman of his father with his wife and mother 1183 61 Andronicus Comnenus confined by Manuel to Oenum in
having almost as many Soveraign Kings as Provinces Most of them Homagers perhaps to the Kings of the house of Tamerlane and those who afterwards succeeded in the Title of Kings of Persia of the Turcoman or Armenian Dynasty not yet reduced unto this Grown notwithstanding the great and prosperous successes of the Sophtan Family But for the Kings of the race of Tamerlane who only in their times had the honour to be called Kings of Persia and well enough content with that such as they were we find them in this order following 1405. 10. Mirza Charok the fourth sonne of Tamerlane succeeded by his appointment in the Realm of Persia 1447. 11. Oleghbeg sonne of Mirza Charok vanquished and slain by his own sonne 1450. 12. Abdalatise slain not long after by his own Souldiers 1451. 13. Abdula the sonne of Oleghbeg and brother of Abdalatife vanquished by 1453. 14. Abusaid II. descended from Moroncha the third sonne of Tamerlane succeeded on the death of Abdula 1461. 15. Zeuzes whom some call Jooncha others Malaonchres discomfited and slain in battel by Ussan-Cassanes Anno 1472. which was about 70 years from the death of Tamerlane The seventh Dynasty of the Turcoman or the Armenian race of the Kings of Persia 1472. 1. Vssan-Cassanes by some called Asymbeius by others more truely Ozem-Azembec was the sonne of Tracheton one of those poor Armenian or Turcoman Princes dispossessed by Baiazet the first and restored by Tamerlane Encroaching on his neighbours he was warned to desist by Zeuzes the Persian King with whom encountring in a pitched field he overcame him and got that Kingdome by the victory 1478. 2. Jacub the second sonne of Ussan-Cassanes having put by his elder Brother attained the Throne and repulsed the Mamalucks out of Mesopotamia and Assyria which they had invaded He was after poisoned by his wife 1490. 3. Julaver a Kins-man of Jacubs succeeded him in the estate which he held only three years and then left it to 1493. 4. Barsinger a Prince of the same blood who living in adultery with the wife of Jacub had conspired his death 2. 1495. 5. Rustan assaulted by Atder or Secaider of the Sophian faction who then began to be of power 1498. 6. Alamat or Hagaret the last King of this Turcoman or Armenian race first vanquished Secaider at the battel of Derbent and cut off his head but was after overthrown and slain by Hysmacl the sonne of Aider upon the quarrell and occasion which here followeth Mahomet the Impostor and first Emperour of the Saracens by his last Will and Testament bequeathed the succession into that Estate to Hali his neer Kins-man and the Husband of Fatime his Eldest Daughter But Abubezar Haumar and Osmen three powerfull men and the Chief Commanders of the Army in the time of Mahomet successively followed one another in the Supreme Dignity After their death Hali enjoyed that honour for a little while supplanted first and afterwards vanquished and slain by Muhavias a great man of warre who succeeded in it and to secure himself therein slew Hasem or Ossan the sonne of Hali and eleven of the sonnes of that Ossan the twelt called Musa Ceredine escaping with life From him descended lineally one Guine the Lord of Ardoville in Media who considering that their had been no Caliph in long time before began to plot the establishing of that high honour in his own family as the right Heirs to it A man of so great reputation amongst the people that Tamerlane having made a conquest of Persia thought it no dishonour to his greatness to bestow a friendly visit on him Dying he left his hopes and projects to his sonne called Atder who afterwards for the purity of Religion pretended by him had the adjunct of Tzophy the word so signifying in that language who also proved of such esteem and power with all sorts of men that Ussan-Cassanes the first King of the Armenian or Turcoman race thought fit to make him Husband unto one of his Daughters But on the contrary Jacub the sonne of Vssan and some of his Successours seeing him grow unto such power and estimation with the common people and fearing what he could do and not what he would do endeavoured to depress him by all means that might be Which he not able to remedy as the Case then stood practised to adde unto his party under the popular pretence of reforming things that were amiss in their Religion and grew so powerfull in the end that he gave battel unto Restan and Alamat the two last Kings of the former race But Alamat having got the victory caused him to be slain and delivered Hysmael and Solyman his two sonnes into the hands of Amazar a chief Commander of his own by him to be kept in perpetual prison But Amazar a man of a more ingenuous disposition afforded them not only liberty but also good education insomuch that Hysmael Sophi a towardly young Gentleman undertook revenge for the death of his Father which work he fulfilled having overcome and slain King Alamat and his sonne Elvan After this victory he being crowned King or Shaugh of Persia altered the form of Religion making Hali and himfelf the true Successors of Mahomet but condemning Abubezer Haumar and Osmen with the Turks as rebells and Schismaticks Hence proceeded the divers warres which to the Persians loss have hapned between them and the Turks the Persians burning whatsoever book or Monument they find concerning those three and the Turks holding it more meritorious to kill one Persian than seventy Christians Surius in his Commentaries writing purposely of the Acts of Hysmaâ—â— saith that the Jews on some fond conceit were perswaded that he was the Messiah they had so long looked for But it proved quite contrary there never being Prince that more vexed and grieved them The eighth Dynasty or Sophian race of the Kings of Persia 1505. 1. Hysmael Sophi the founder of this Family overthrown by Selimus the first in the Calderan fields 20. 1525. 2. Tamas the Sonne of Hysmael vanquished by Solyman the Magnificent who took from him the Countries of Chaldea Assyria and Mesopotamia with some part of Media 53. 1578. 3. Aider the second sonne of Tamas obtained the Kingdome imprisoning his elder brother but his cruelty being much feared he was made away by the practice of Periancona his own Sister having reigned only 15 daies 4. Hysmael II. eldest sonne of Tamas restored unto his Fathers Throne but murdered with the privity of his Sister also who found him of too rough a nature for her to govern having reigned neer two years 1579. 5. Mahomet Codabanda advanced unto the throne by his Sisters faction as being of a milder and more tractable nature at his first entrance caused her to be beheaded for the former murders During his time not fully setled in the State Amurath the 2d by his Lieutenants won from him almost all Armenia Media and great part of Georgia 7. 1585. 6. Abas the second sonne of
my self of these Furcae Caudinae and sport my self a while in the Plains of Calabria But I must note before I take my leave hereof that these two Provinces of Campania and Abruzzo make up the greatest richest and best peopled part of the Realm of Naples And therefore when the Kingdom was divided between the French and the Spaniards it was allotted to the French as having the priority both of claim and power The Provinces remaining although more in number yet are not comparable to these two for Wealth and Greatness and were assigned over to the Spaniard as lying most conveniently for the Realm of Sicilie Of these the first are the CALABRIAS so called from the Calabri an antient people of this tract which take up totally that Peninsula or Demi-Iland which lyeth at the South-East end of Italie near the Fare of Messana Amongst some of the Antient Writers the name Italie did extend no further than this Peninsula bounded by the two Bayes called Sinus Scilleticus and Sinus Lameticus because first peopled out of Greece or otherwise first known unto the old Writers of that Country For so saith Aristotle in his seventh Book of Politicks cap. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. That part of Europe which is comprehended betwixt the Bay Scilleticus and Lameticus took the name of Italie and this Tradition he received as he there affirmeth from the best Antiquaries of that Country The like occurs in Dionysius Hallicarnasseus out of Antiochus Syracusanus a more antient Author the like in Strabo Lib. 6. But by what name soever it was called at first that of Calabria hath held longest and most constantly to it as being known by that name in the times of the Romans and so continuing to this day Ennius the old Poet being a native of this Country and so called by Ovid in his 3 d de Arte. Ennius emeruit Calabris in montibus hortos Old Ennias his Garden tills Among the steep Calabrian hils But leaving these matters of remote Antiquity let us behold the Country as it stands at the present and was the title of the eldest sonnes of the Kings of Naples who heretofore were called Dukes of Calabria divided of late times into inferior and superior in which distinct capacityes we shall look upon it Premising only by the way that this Country was the Title of the eldest sonnes of the Kings of Naples who were from hence called the Dukes of Calabria and that before it was subjected to those Kings it had a King of its own Holofernes whose daughter Flora was married unto Godfrey of Bovillon being King hereof An. 1098. 3 CALABRIA INFERIOR the habitation of the Brutii whom the Greek Writers generally call Bretti and their Country Brettania upon which ground some of our modern Criticks envying so great an honour to the I le of Great Britaine have transferred to this Province the birth of Constantine the first Christian Emperour These Brutii being first conquered by the Romans with the rest of Italie after the great defeat of Cannae took part with Carthage and was for a long time the retreat of Annibal whom the Romans had shut up in this corner It hath on the East a branch of the Adriatick Sea on the West that part of Campania which is called the Principate on the North Calabria superior and on the South the Tyrrhenian Seas and the streight of Messana A Country not much short in fruitfulness of the rest of the Kingdom and having the advantage of so much Sea is the better situate for Traffick At one extremity hereof is the Promontory called by Ptolomy Leuco-Petra now Cabo di Spartimento all along which especially in the moneth of May are taken yeerly great store of Tunnies a fish which much resembleth mans flesh which being barrelled up are sold to Mariners Here are two Rivers also of a very strange nature of which the one called Crathis makes a mans hair yellow and dies silk white the other named Busentus causeth both hair and silk to be black and swarthy The principall Cities of it are 1. Consensia an antient Town comprehending seven little hills and a Castle on the top of one of them which commandeth both the Town and the Countrey adjoyning It is built betwixt the said two Rivers and is still reasonably rich though not so wealthy now as in former times 2. Rhegium or Rhezo on the Sea shore opposite to Messana in the Isle of Sicilie which is supposed to have been broken off from the rest of Italie and that this Town had the name of Rhegium from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to break off or to tear asunder A Town in former times very well traded but left desolate in a manner since the yeer 1594. when it was fired by the Turks 3. Castrovillare seated upon the top of a very high Mountain 4. Belmont and 5. Altomont two very fair Towns whose names sufficiently express their pleasant and lofty situations 6. S. Euphemie from whence the Bay which antiently was called Sinus Lametinus or Lametirius is now called Golfâ— de S. Euphemie 7. Nicastro three miles from the Sea the same with Newcastle in Euglish On the West side of this Calabria and properly a part thereof standeth that mountainous Countrey which in the Subdivision of these Provinces by King Alfonsus was called the BASILICATE antiently the Seat of the Lucani A Countrey heretofore very unsafe for Travellers by reason of the difficult wayes and assured company of Theeves but now reduced to better order It containeth in it ninety three walled places and nine Towns or Cities the chief whereof are Possidonia or Pest a City situate in so clement and benign a Soyl that Roses grow there thrice a yeer 2. Poly Castrie on the Sea shore as the former is honoured with the Title of a Dukedom And 3. Dian or Dianum a more midland City neer which there is a valley twenty miles in length and four miles in bredth which for all manner of delights and fruitfulness yeelds to none in Naples 4. CALABRIA SUPERIOR called formerly Magna Graecia from many great and famous Cities founded there by the Graecians hath on the East the Adriatick on the West Campania from which it is divided by the Apennine and the River â—rathis on the North Sinus Tarentinus or the Gulf of Tarento and on the South and South-East Calabria inferior and Golfo de Chilaci of old called Sinus Scilleticus The principall Cities at this time are 1. Belcastro eight miles from the Sea where once stood Petilia 2. Bisignan the title of a Prince fortified with a very strong Castle and endowed with the best Revenues of any principality or other Nobleman of Title in all the Kingdom 3. Matera an Arch-Bishops See a rich Town and well peopled 4. Rosanum three miles from the Sea a well fortified City and situate in a very fruitfull and pleasant Soyl. 5. Altavilla which gives title also to a Prince 6. Terra Nova
dayes and not permit the superstitions and corruptions of that Church to endure so long nor so many Assertors and Defenders of those Roman Hetrodoxiet to be added to the former number Out of the storyes of all which pretermitting many things of less consideration I will only select some particular passages for the better understanding of their state and story 1 Pelagius the first ordained that Hereticks and Schismaticks should be punished with temporall death which severity continueth still and that none should be preferred to Ecclesiasticall dignityes by Gifts and Bâ—ibes which pious order is long since antiquated 2 Vitalâ—aruts first brought Organs into the divine service of the Church of Rome to be used with the singing or vocall Musick formerly in use which afterwards was brought unto more perfection by the Popes succeeding 3 Constantine was so generally beloved of all men that going to Constantinople Justinian the second kist his feet in sign of honour which some of the ambitious Popes in times succeeding drew into example and at last brought into a custom as it still continueth 4 Pascal the first caused the Priests of certain parishes in Rome by reason of their nearness to his person their presence at his Election and to honour them with a more venerable Title to be called Cardinals Now mates for Kings and numbred about 70 but more or fewer at the sole pleasure of the Popes 5 Eugenius the second took to himself within the Territories of the Church the Autority of creating Dukes Earls and Knights as the Exarch of Ravenna had used to do 6 Sergius the second was the first that changed his name For thinking his own name Bocca di Porco or Swines-mouth not consonant to his dignity he caused himself to be called Sergius which precedent his Successors following do also vary their names So that if one be a Coward he is called Leo if a Tyrant Clemens if an Atheist Pius or Innocent if a Rustick Urbanus and so of the rest 7 John the eighth is by most men confessed to be a woman and is usually called Pope Joane To avoyd the like disgrace the Porphirie chair was ordained Ubi ab ultimo diacono c. so that both in a literall and mysticall sense this woman may be called The Whore of Babylon The name of this Female Pope the Romish Chronologers have not inserted into the Catalogue the reason as Marianus Scotus giveth it propter turpitudinem rei sexum muliebrem And from hence it is that in the common Catalogues these Popes that have called themselves Johns are so ill ordered some making that John which succeeded Adrian the second An o 872 to be the 8 and others the 9. Platina onely of all the Pontificians reckoneth Pope Joane as the 8 of the Johns and so forward in which particular I have followed his authority And it is probable enough that God might suffer that proud See to fall into such an infamy the better to humble the ensuing Popes in the times of their greatest ruff and flourish or to prevent the brag of that continued Succession they so much pretend to More of this Argument as to the truth of the story in matter of Fact he that lists to see may satisfie himself in M. Cookes Book of Pope Joane who most industriously hath answered all objections which hath been made against it by those of Rome 8 Nicolas the first the better to fasten the Clergy to the See of Rome and make them the less obnoxious to their naturall Princes was the first who did by Law restrain them from mariage saying that it was the more honest to have to do with many women privately than openly to keep a wife and some of his Successors followed it so close that a Priest of Placent a being accused to have wife and children was deprived of his Benefice but upon proof made that she was the wife of another man and his Strumpet only he was again restored unto it 9 Adrian the third ordained that the Emperour from thenceforth should have no more to do with the Election or Confirmation of the Pope but that it should be left wholly to the Roman Clergy 10 Formosus was so ill beloved and of such a generall disesteem that Pope Steven the seventh caused his body to be unbnried all his Acts reversed two of his fingers to be cut off and then the mangled carkass to be again interred among the Luty And though these Acts of Steven were adjudged illegal both by John the tenth and Pope Romanus two of his Successors and the doings of Formosus justified yet Sergius the third caused his corrupt and putrified body to be taken once more out of the grave and his head to be cut off as if still alive So little did the infallibility of St. Peters Chair preserve these Popes from falling into gross and irreconcilable contradictions 11 John the 12 th was the next after Sergius the second that changed his name a very wicked cruell and libidinous man who comming to that place by his Fathers greatness cut off the Nose of one Cardinall and the hand of another for that they had signified to the Emperour Otho the first what a scandall all the Church did suffer by his detestable life and finally being taken in Adultery was slain by the husband of the woman 12 Gregory the fifth finding the power of the Emperour as long as it continued in a way of succession not likely to be over-born by that of the Church and being withall incensed against the Romans who till that time retained some shadow of an Empire projected the election of the future Emperors by the Princes of Germany by which the Germans were distracted into Factions and the Romans weakned and so a door left open to the Popes of Rome to make their ends upon them both 13 Steven the tenth brought the Church of Millaine to be under the obedience of the Popes of Rome which till that time had challenged an equality with them as before Pope Dom nus had done the Church of Ravenna which for some time had challenged the precedencie of them 14 Gregorie the seventh commonly called Hildebrand a turbulent and unquiet man who first adventured to draw the premises layd down by some of his Predecessors into a conclusion Excommunicating the Emperour Henry the fourth for medling with the Investitures of Bishops and causing Rodulph Duke of Suevia to rebell against him A man much favoured against the 〈◊〉 of her own House by the Countess Mathildis who is sayd to be so much his friend that 〈◊〉 his sake she left the company of her husband and disherited her right heirs setling 〈◊〉 whole estates in Italie on the See of Rome And though the Emperour had the better of this Pope and made him fly out of Rome and dye in exile yet he was fain at last to submit himself to Pope Pascal the second who had armed his own sonne against him to attend bare-foot at his door and
Forces of these Princes I have little to say but think them to be of good consideration in both respects their Territories lying in the best and richest part of Italie and their Estates environed by more puissant neighbours which both necessitate and inable them to defend their own The Duke of MONTFERRAT THe Dukedom of MONTFERRAT is situate betwixt Lombardy and â—iemont or the Rivers of Tenarus and Po on the East and West extended North and South in a line or branch from the Alpes to the borders of Liguria of which last it was sometimes counted part and called Liguria Cisapennina for distinction sake It took this name either à Monte ferrato from some mountain of it stored with Iron or else à monte feraci as some rather think from the fertilitie of the Mountains And to say truth though the whole Country seem to be nothing else than a continuall heap of Mountains yet are they Mountains of such wonderfull fruitfulness that they will hardly give place to any Valley in Europe The principall River of it is the Tenarus above mentioned which springing out of the hils about Barceis a Town of the Marquisate of Saluzzes falleth into the Po not far from Pavie The principall Cities of it are 1 Alba called by Plinie Alba Pomera situate on the banks of the sayd River in a rich and fertile soyl but a very bad air near to which in a poor village called Zobia the Emperor Pertinax was born Who being of mean and obscure Parents after the death of Commodus was called by the Conspirators to the Roman Empire But being over-zealous to reform the corruptions of the souldiers he was by the Praetorian Guards hating their Princes for their vertues as much as formerly for their vices most cruelly murdered and the Imperiall dignity sold to Julianus for 25 Sestertiums a man 2 Casal vulgarly called Saint Vas from the Church there dedicated to St. Evasius or Saint Vas as they speak it commonly the strongest Town in all this Country well built and peopled with many antient and noble Families of which the family of St. George is one of the principall and made a Bishops See by Pope Sixtus the fourth An o 1474. t was in former times the chief seat of the house of Montferrat and for that cause compassed with a strong wall and a fair Castle but of late fortified after the modern manner of Fortifications and strengthned with an impregnable Citadel by Duke Vincent Gonzaga as the surest Key of his estate in which new Citadell the Governour of the Province holds his usuall residence 3 Aique in Latin Aquensis famous for its Bathes or Fountains of hot and medicinall waters 4 Saint Saviours where there is a very strong Fortress as there is also in 5 Ponsture or Pont di Stura so called of the River Stura 6 Osoniano antiently Occimianum the old seat of the first Marquesses of this Montferrat 7 Villa nova 8 Balzale 9 Liburn and many others of less note Here are also with in the limits of this Dukedom the Towns of Ast Cherian and Chivasco belonging to the Dukes of Savoy in the description of whose Country we may speak more of them together with Novara and Alexandria appertaing to the Dukedom of Millain which we have spoken of already And hereunto also I refer the strong and in those times impregnable Fortress by the Latin Historians called Fraexinetum from some Grove of Ashes near unto it situate in the advantages of the Mountains and not far from the sea by consequence better able to defend it self and admit relief and therefore made the receptacle or retreat of the Saracens at such time as they had footing in these parts of Italie First took and fortified by them in the year 891 recovered afterwards by the prowess and good fortune of Otho the Emperor deservedly surnamed the Great about 60 years after Of great note in the stories of those middle times By Luitprandus placed near the borders of Provence by Blondus and Leander near the River Po and the Town of Valenza once called Forum Fulvii and finally by Sigonius in the Coltian Alpes and so most fit to be referred unto this Country though now so desolated that there is no remainder of the ruins of it This Country was made a Marquisate by Otho the 2 d An. 985. one of the seven by him erected and given to the 7 sons of Waleran of Saxonie who had maryed his daughter Adelheide A Military Family conspicuously eminent in the Wars of Greece and the Holy-land where they did many acts of singular merit insomuch as Baldwin and Conrade issuing from a second branch hereof were made Kings of Hierusalem and Boniface one of the Marquesses got the Kingdom of Thessaly and many fair Estates in Greece But the Male-issue fayling in Marquess John the Estate fell to Theodorus Palaeologus of the Imperiall family of Constantinople who had maryed the Heir-generall of the house continuing in his name till the year 1534 when it fell into the hands of the Dukes of Mantua In the person of Duke William Gonzaga raised to the honour of a Dukedom as it still continueth the best and richest part of that Dukes Estate and the fairest flower in all his Garden The residue of the story may be best collected out of the following Catalogue of The Marquesses of Montferrat A. C. â—985 1 William one of the sonnes of Waleran and Adelheide made the first Marquess of Montferrat 2 Boniface the sonne of William 3 William II. who accompanied the Emperor Conrade the 3. and 5 Lewis of France to the Holy-land â—183 4 Boniface II. sonne of William the second his younger brother William being designed King of Hierusalem and Reyner another of them made Prince of Thessaly succeeded his Father in Montferrat Ayding his Nephew Baldwin the sonne of William in recovering the Kingdom of Hierusalem he was took prisoner by Guy of Lusignan Competitor with him for that title 5 William III. sonne of Boniface poysoned in the Holy-land where he endeavoured the restoring of his Brother Conrade to that languishing Kingdom 6 Boniface III. sonne of William the third for his valour in taking of Constantinople made King of Thessalie 1254 7 Boniface IV. sonne of Boniface the third added Vercelli and Eporedium unto his Estate 8 John surnamed the Just the last of this house 9 Theodore Palaeologus sonne of the Emperor Andronicus Palaeologus the elder and Yoland his wife daughter of Boniface the fourth 10 John Palaeologus sonne of Theodore 11 Theodorus II. sonne of John a great builder and endower of Religious houses 12 Jacobus Johannes sonne of Theodore the second 13 John III. eldest sonne of Jacobus Johannes 1464 14 William IV. brother of John the third founder of the City and Monastery of Casal 1487 15 Boniface V. brother of John and William the two last Marquesses invested by Fredederick the fourth Blanea Maria the daughter of William surrendring her Estate unto him 16 William V. sonne of Boniface
his Forces mnst be very great and would be greater than they are but that they dare not trust the common People with the use of Arms for fear they should refuse to pay the accustomed Taxes or forsake their Trades or turn their Farms back upon their Landlords But for an 〈◊〉 of what a French King is able to doe in this kind It is said that Charles the 9th in Garrisons and severall Armies in the field had 15000 Horse and 100000 Foot of his own Nation besides 50000 Horse and Foot of Swisses Germans and others And for his standing Forces it is said by others that he is able to bring into the field for a sudden service no less than 60 Companies of Men of Arms 20 Cornets of Light-Horse and five Companies of harquibusiers on horse-back which amount to 10000 in the totall together with 20 Ensignes of French Foot and 40 of Swâ—sses and yet leave his Garrisons well manned and his Forts and Frontires well and sufficiently defended What the Revenues are in a State so subject to the will and pleasure of the King it is hard to say being also more or lesse as the times and their occasions vary according unto which the Revenues of this Crown have much altered Lewis the 11th gathered one Million and a half of Crowns Francis the first brought them to 3 Millions his successor Henry the 2d to six Charleâ— the 9th to seven Henry the 3d to ten afterward they were inhanced to fifteen And in the time of Henry the 4th the Treasurer of the Duke of Mayenne did not shame to say That his Master had more improved the Revenue of France than any King had done before him advancing it from two to five Millions Sterling A fair Intrado but far short of those infinite sums which are extorted from the People whereof a tenth part comes not cleerly to the Kings Exchequer But what need more be said than that of Lewis the 11th who used to say that France was a Medow which he mowed every year and as often as he listed and indeed their Impositions cannot but be great since there are no less than 30000 under-officers imployed to gather them Hence I beleeve sprung that wish of Maximilian the Emperour which was that he if it were possible might be a God and that having two Sons the eldest might be a God after him and the second King of France And this was also the cause that in the Wars between Charles the fift and Francis the first when the Emperours Herald had bid defiance to the Kingâ— from Charles Emperour of Germany King of Castile Leon Aragon and Naâ—les Arch-duke of Austria c. with the rest of his titles The King commanded the Heralds to return the challenge from Francis King of France commanding them to repeat France as many times as the other had petty Earldoms in his stile And to say truth considering the compactedness thereof within it self the admirable fertility of the soyl the incredible multitudes of People and the conveniency of situation betwixt Spain Italy and Germany the name of France might ballance all the others titles The chief Orders of Knighthood in this Kingdom were first of the Gennet founded by Charles Martel Mayr of the French Palace and so called either from Jane his Wife as Haillan would have it or from the Gennets of Spaine over whom he triumphed at the battell of Tours as Bellay writeth It ended in the dayes of S. Lewis The Knights of the order wore a Ring wherein was engraven the form of a Gennet 2 Of the 〈◊〉 or twelve Peers so called quasi pares inter se said to be instituted by Charles the Great in his Wars against the Saracens Six of these were of the Clergy 1 The Archbishop and Duke of Rhemes 2 the Bishop and Duke of Laon 3 the Bishop and Duke of Langres 4 the Bishop and Earl of Beavâ—â— 5 the Bishop and Earl of Nayon and 6 the Bishop and Earl of Chaulons and six others of the temporalitie 1 The Duke of Burgundy 2 Duke of Normandy 3 Duke of 〈◊〉 4 Earl of Tholouse 5 Earl of Champagne 6 Earl of Flanders These are they so much memoriz'd in the Legends of the old French Writers but falsly and on no good ground it being impossible that those should be of the foundation of Charles the Great in whose time there were none of those Dukes and Earls except the Earl of Tholouse onely Therefore with better reason it may be thus concluded on that the twelve Peers were instituted by Charles the Great though that honour not by him appropriated unto any particular Estates and Titles but left at large to be disposed of according to the personal merit of the best deservers it being most sure that neither Rowland nor Oliver nor Duke Naâ—mes nor Ogier the Dane had any of the titles abovementioned But for the fixing of this dignitie in the Dukedoms and Earldoms before named it is said by some to have been done by Hugh Capet other referre it to Lewis the 7th in whose times all those Dukes and Earls were in Rerum natura But by whomsoever first ordained the Temporall Paâ—rrâ—â—â— are extinct and others of no definite number created by the Kings as they see occasion to gratifie a well deserver Onely at Coronations and such publick Triumphs the custom is to choose some principall persons out of the Nobility to represent those Temporall Peers as at the â—orona ion of Lewis the 13th the places of the Temporall Peers were supplied by the princes of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 the Earl of Soissons the Dukes of Nevers Elbeuf and Espernon the Ecclesiasticall Peers remaining as at first they were So that though Charles the Great might devise this Order and institute the first twelve Peers as is commonly said yet was not that high honour fixed in any of those Temporall Princes till the times succeeding but given to men of severall houses according to the Kings pleasure and their well deservings 3 Of the 〈◊〉 begun by John King of France Anno 1352. They wore about their necks a coâ—lar of gold at the which hanged a Star the word Monstrant Regibus astra vâ—am This Order was dâ—graced by his Sonne Charles in communicating it to his Guard and so it ended 4 Of S. Michael instituted by King Lewis the eleventh Anno 1469 It consisted first of 36 Knights which afterward were augmented to 300. The Habit of the Order was a long Cloak of white Damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with Cockle-shells of gold interlaced and â—urred with Ermines with an hood of crimson Velvet and a long tippet About their necks they wore a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word Immensi tremor Oceani It took the name from the picture of Saint Michael conquering the Devill which was annex'd to the collar Some think that the invocation of S. Michael was in allusion unto the tenth of Daniâ—â— Others say he took S. Michael in regard of an
himself but he intrapped the Counts of Horne and Egmond and beheaded them anno 1567. Being thus rid of these two with diverse others of good quality who living would have much hindred his proceedings he quartered his Spaniards in the Townes and Provinces spoiled the people not of their Priviledges onely but their Liberty Among the Reformed he brought in the bloudy Inquisition and indeed so tyrannically did he behave himself that the people were forced to a defensive war as well for their lives as substance This was a war of State not Religion the most part of the Hollanders being Papists at the time of their taking Armes During these troubles the Prince of Orenge was not idle but he in one place and Count Lodewick his brother in another kept Duke Alva imployed though divers times not with such fortunate successe as they did expect In the year 1572 Flushing was surprised by Voorst and Berland as we have before said So also was the Brill in Voorne an Island of Holland by the Count de la March and not long after all Holland except Amsierdam followed the fortune and side of the Prince together with all the towns of Zeland Midleburg excepted Anno 1573. Duke Alva being recalled Don Lewis de Requisens was appointed Governor during whose rule many of the Belgians abandoned their Country some flying into Germany others into France most into England After his death and before the arrivall of Don John the Priuce and his party recovered strength and courage again till the coming of the Prince of Parma who brought them into worse case then ever Yet anno 1581. they declare by their writings directed to all people that Philip of Spain was fallen from the Government and take a new oath of the People which bound them never to return to the Spanish obedience This done they elect Francis Duke of Anjou heir apparent to the French King and then in no small hopes of marrying Queen Elizabeth of England to be their Lord. But he intending rather to settle a Tyranny in himself then to drive it from the Spaniard attempted Antwerp put his men into the town but was by the valour of the Burgers shamefully repulst Shame of this ignoble enterprise especially grief for its ill suctesse took him out of the world About which time the estate of these Countries was thus by this Hieroglyphick expressed A Cow represented the body of Belgium there stood the King of Spain spurring her the Queen of England feeding her the Prince of Orenge milking her and Duke Francis plucking her back by the tail but she foul'd his fingers During his unfortunate Government Parma prevailed in all places especially after the death of William Prince of Orenge treacherously slain with a Pistoll anno 1584. Now were the poor Hollanders truly miserable desperate of pardon from their Prince and having none to lead them none to protect them but such as were likely to regard their own profit more then theirs England was the only sanctuary they had now left to which they sue offering the Queen thereof the soveraignty of their Provinces who had if not a true yet a plausible title to them As being generally descended from Edward the third and Philip his Wife who was sister and as some say Heir to William Earl of Hainalt Holland c. If Margaret from whom the right of Spain is derived were daughter to Earl William then was our Queen to succeed after Philip who was rejected if that Margaret were as many write his younger sister then was our Queen the undoubted Heir her predecessour Philippa being Earl Williams eldest sister But that Heroick Queen not disputing the right of the title nor intending to herself any thing save the honour of relieving her distressed neighbours and providing for her own estate by this diversion took them into her protection Under which the Belgian affairs succeeded so prosperously I will not now stand upon the particulars that before they would hearken to any treaty of peace they forced the King of Spain to this conclusion that he treated with them as with a free Estate abstracted from all right and title which he might pretend unto the places which they were possessed of This peace was concluded anno 1609. since which time they have kept Garrisons well disciplined and as well paid so that these Countries have in these late dayes been the Campus Martius or School of defence for all Christendome to which the youth of all Nations repair to see the manner of Fortifications and learn the art of war Thus did they for 40 years hold the staffe against a most puissant Monarch and in the end capitulated with great advantage that it is observed that whereas all other Nations grow poor by war these only grow rich Whereupon it is remarkable to consider into what follies and extremities Princes run by using their people to the warre The Kings of France place most of their hopes in their Cavalrie because in policie they would not that the Vulgar should be exercised in arms Lycurgus gave a Law to the Lacedemonians that they should never fight often with one enemie the breaking whereof made the Thâ—bans a small Common-wealth to be their equals in power The Turks won the vast Empire they now possesse by making many and speedy wars But now that policy being worn out of fashion we see that to omit Persia the little and distracted Kingdom of Hungarie hath for 200 years resisted their Forces So was it between the Dukes of Austria and the Switzeâ—s and so it is betwixt the Spaniard and Low-country men who formerly being accounted a dull and heavy people altogether unfit for the wars by their continuall combating with the Spaniard are become ingenious full of action and great managers of causes appertaining to sights either by Sea or Land We may hereby also perceive what advantage a small State gaineth by fortifying places and passages there being nothing which sooner breaketh a great Army and undoeth a great Prince then to beleaguer a well fortified town for that herein he consumeth his time and commonly loseth his men credit and money as the Romans before Numantia the great Tuâ—k in Malta and Charls of Burgundie before Nancie For where war is drawn out of the field unto the wals the Mattock and Spade being more necessary then the Sword and Spear there the valour of the assailant is little available because it wanteth its proper object Thus as before we brought these severall Estates and Provinces into one hand so now we have broke them into two the one part continuing in obedience to the Crown of Spain the other governing themselves as a State apart Under the King remain the Dukedoms of Luxembourg Limbourg and Brabant some few towns excepted the Marquisate of the Empire the Earldomâ— of Hainalt Namur Artois and Flanders except only S. Ivys and the Lorship or Signeurie of Machlyn with many places of importance in the Dutchie of Gueldres to countervail the
Patriarch of the Armenians at their first separarion from the See of Constantinople the Metropolis at that time of all Armenia so named in honour of Augustus whom the Greeks call Sebastos But of late divested of that dignity the Patriarchall See by reason of the fierce wars raging in this Countrey betwixt the Persians and the Turks being removed to the Monastery of Ecmeazin neer the City of Ervan in Persia in the dominions of which King these Armenian Christians live in great abundance by the name of Jelphelins 3. Tigraneceria beautified and inlarged if not first founded by Tigranes above-mentioned by whom replenished with people of severall Nations whose Countries he had taken from them and enriched in a manner with the wealth of all his Kingdome there being no Armenian either Prince or Paisant who sent not somewhat towards the adorning of it But taken by Lucullus without great resistance those severall Nations not agreeing amongst themselves and therein besides other Treasure no less than 8000 Talents in ready money The City situate neer a River which Tacitus calleth Nicesorius 4. Arsamosata by Pliny called Arsimote on the banks of Euphrates 5. Cholna so called in memory of Hul or Chul the sonne of Aram one of the first Planters of this Countrey 6. Baraza by the Emperor Leo much enlarged and beautified dignified with the new name of Leontopolis and for a while made the Metropolis of the Province 7. Arsâ—rata by Strabo called Arxata 8. Theodosiopolis built on the foundation of some of the more antient Cities by the Emperor Theodosius and of him thus named 9 Colonia the strongest and most defensible City hereof when possessed by the Romans 10. Clamassun a strong Town on the banks of Euphrates taken by Selimus the first in his way towards Persia and therewith livery and seisin of the rest of this Countrey since wholly conquered by his Successors 12. Chars not far from the same River also supposed to be the Chorsa of Ptolomy of which not long since the ruins onely but in three weeks so repaired and fortified by the Turks Anno 1579. that it is thought to be impregnable 13. Thespia giving name of old to the Lake Thespitis and to the Region called Thespites but now not in being 14. Arminig now of greatest name and esteemed the Metropolis of this Countrie situate in that part of the Lake of Vaslan the Martiana palus of the antient writers which lieth next to this Countrey and by that well fortified the onely City of Armenia possessed by the Persians who are the Lords of all that Lake of which more hereafter 15. Van both for natural situation and the works of art accompted by the Turks for their strongest Bulwark in these parts against the Persians and for that cause well garrisoned and as well munitioned This Countrey was first planted by Hul or Chul the sonne of Aram and by Mesech one of the sonnes of Japhet who with their families or Colonies possessed the same the one leaving the remainder of his name in the Montes Moschici the other in the Town called Cholna and the Region called Colthene by Ptolomy Cholobatene by Stephanus Advanced to the honour of a Kingdome assoon as any that of Babel excepted Ninus the third from Nimrod finding Barzanes King hereof whom he forced to acknowledge his superiority and to aid him in his warres against Zoroaster the King of Bactria Kings of most note in times succeeding for we have no constant Cata legue of them were 1. Araxes who being warred on by the Persians was promised victory by the Oracle on the sacrifice of his two fair daughters Willing to satisfie the Gods and yet spare his children he sacrificed two of the daughters of Musalcus a noble man of this Countrey by whom in revenge hereof his own daughters were slain and himself so closely followed that swiming the River then called Helmns he was therein drowned and thereby gave unto that River the name of Araxes 2. Artaxa the founder of the great City Artaxata spoken of before 3. Tigranes the most mightie King that ever reigned in Armenia to which he added by his prowess Galatia and a great part of Cilicia in Asia Minor the whole Countreys of Media Syria and Phoenicia But siding with Mithridates whose daughter he had maryed against the Romans he was by Lucullus overthrown in two grea battels and outed of the greatest part of his dominions Hearing that Pompey had succeeded Lucullus in command of the Army and trusting more unto his goodness than a wiseman would he put himself into his power by whom condemned in a great sum of money for the charge of the war and stripped of all the rest of his estates he was suffered to enjoy Armenta Major Syria being made a Province Sophene given to Ariobarzanes King of Cappadocia Media left unto it self and the lesser Armenia conferred on one of his Sonnes who being found guilty of some practice with the King of Parthia was carryed Prisoner unto Rome and his Countrey brought into the form of a Province 4. Artavasdes circumvented by Mar. Antonie who led him Prisoner to Rome but catenis i.e. quid honori ejus deesset aureis as the Historian tells us of him it was in chaines of Gold for his greater honour giving Armenia to one of the sonnes of Cleopatra And though 5. Artaxias recovered his Fathers Kingdome yet he and his Successors held it but as Vassals of the Roman Empire the Senate after that confirming and sometimes nominating the Armeni in Kings Continuing in this estate till the time of Trajan it was by him reduced to the form of a Province made after that a part of the Pontick Diocese who adding Mesopotamia also unto his dominions make Tigris the Eastern border of his Empire which Augustus thought fit to limit with the banks of Euphrates But long it held not in that form being governed by its own Kings as it was before Trajans time in the reign of Constantius Julian and the Emperors following whom they acknowledged and revered as their Lords in chief till the time of Justinian the second he began his Empire Anno 687. when subdued by the Saracens Recovered by that Emperour but soon lost again it continued subject to the Saracens till the breaking in of the Turks Anno 844. of whom more anon The greatest part of the Turks emptying themselves into Persit and other Countreys which they took from the Eastern Emperors the Christians of Armenia began to take heart again and to have Kings of their own by whom governed till again subdued by Occadan or Hoccata sonne of Cingis the first Cham of the Fartars Nor did the Tartars make so absolute a conquest of it as to extinguish either Christianity or the race of the Kings Haithon surnamed Armentus reigning after this and going in person to Mangu the great Cham of Tartarie Anno 1257. And in our own Chronicles in the reign of King Richard the second we find mention of one Leon an
of his death commanded the Souldiers to go on in their siege and diverse times shewed them the Emperor sitting in his horse-litter as being troubled with the Gout he used to do and when the City was taken marched home with his dead body sitting still in the same manner So after the death of Mahomet the first the Bassaes of the Court called their Divanos as formerly they used gave order for the levying of an Army as if some warre were intended and the Kings Physicians went up and down with their Potions as if they had him still in cure But the Pensioners and Janizaries misdoubting the matter with all egerness desired to see him which when the Bassaes durst not deny they appointed the next day for their visit The next day the body was apparrelled in royall large robes placed in a chair at the end of a long gallery and a litle boy cunningly set behind him to move the Kings hand to his head as if he should stroke his beard as his manner was which signes of life and strength the Souldiers seeing held themselves contented and so was his death concealed the space of 41 dayes 4. As for the last These insolent and unsufferable pranks committed so commonly by these masterfull slaves so exceedingly stomached Baâ—azet the 2. that he secretly purposed with himself for curing so dangerous a disease to use as desperate a remedy which was to kill and destroy suddenly all the Janizaries It is like that this Baâ—azet being a Scholar had read how Constantine the Great had cassed the Praetorian Souldiers and destroyed their camp as men that were the causes of all the stirres in his Empire and whose pride was come to an intollerable height and having the same cause to destroy his Janizaries hoped to have done it with as much ease and safety as the other did but they having notice of the plot for the time continued so united and linked together that he durst not then attempt it and afterward siding with his sonne Selimus cast him out of his Throne into his grave Since which time the Emperors never durst punish them openly but when any of them proveth delinquent he is sent privately in the night time to Pera over-against Constantinople where by the way he is drowned and a peece of Ordinance shot off to signifie the performing of the Sultans command Now for the Emperors themselves we will consider them in matters of pleasure in matters of ceremony and in matters of State the last being considerable in three main points which are the murdering of their brethren the removing of their sonnes their revenue and therein a touch of their goverenment To these we will adde what apparent symtomes may be observed to prognosticate the standing decreasing and increasing of this puissant Monarchy 1. For the first he hath not so few as 500. sometimes a 1000 choice virgins kept in a Seraglio by themselves all slaves born of Christian Parents and indeed the rarest beauties of his Empire When he is disposed to take his pleasure with any of them they are all ranked in a gallery and she is by the Aga of the women prepared for his bed to whom he giveth his handkercher She that beareth him the first sonne is honoured with the title of Sultaness Queen Mother we may call her neither can he make any of them free unless he marry them When the Sultan dieth all his women are carried into another Seraglio where they are strictly looked too and liberally provided for and not seldome times are bestowed by the succeeding Sultan on his great Bassaes and such us he chiefly favoureth which is a principall honour They are attended on by women and Eunuches these being not gelded onely but deprived of all their genitalls and supplying the uses of nature with a silver quill which in humane custome was brought in among them by Selimus the second because he had seen a Gelding cover a mare 2. These ceremonies are either performed by them which is for the most part the building of a Mosche onely to help to the salvation of their souls or towards them by others which are most apparent in the entertainment of Embassadors For when such come to his presence they are led between two of his Courtiers and comming before the Throne on both sides whereof the Bassaes sit with admirable silence resembling rather Statuaes than men they bow themselves to the ground with all humility laying their hands on their breasts but never uncovering their heads which as we before noted is counted an undecency When they are to depart they go all backwards it being accounted very irreverent to turn their back-parts towards a Prince so glorious The reason why they are thus brought in between two is said to be for their greater honour but is indeed a fear that they have lest the Grand Seignieur under the pretence of a Saluration or the delivery of an Embassie should be stapped Which wariness they have used ever since the time that Miles Cobiletz a Servian scrambling from among the slain at the battel of Cassona and being admitted to the speech of Amurath the first the Author of that overthrow stabbed him into the belly with his dagger 3. Amongst all the jarres and discontents that be none have been with more unkindness begun or more eagerness prosecuted than those of brothers and that not only in private families but in the stems of Princes the multitude of Pretendants being the originall of most civill wars To prevent these publick emotions the Emperors of Habassia use to immure up all their younger children in the hill Amaza the Persians do put out the eyes of their younger brothers and the Turks do murder them strange and horrid courses whereby to avoid the fear of a war in the State they stirre up a war in their own bowels The first amongst the Turks that began this barbarous cruelty was Bajazet the first on his brother Jacup whom immediately after his Fathers death he strangled with a bow-string this being the only instument of their Fratricide because thereby none of the blood-royall of Ottoman is spilt on the ground After him Mahomet the Great caused his young brother then at nurse to dy the death and was not without much ado perswaded from being the executioner himself Amurath the third caused his five brethren to be at once strangled before his face and Mahomet his sonne no fewer then nineteen in one day By this course they imagine their own estate to be infinitely secured as knowing that Mustapha a younger sonne stirred a rebellion against Amurath and Zemes against Bajazet both the second of those names that Solyman Musa and Isa severally afflicted Mahomet the first and Corcut Selimus the first of these names also But yet they will not know that nothing sooner putteth their younger Brothers into these acts of hostility than an inevitable certainty of a violent and unnatural death whereas were they but sure of life and a liberall and
the Roman Colonies 6. Cirta or Cirta Julia the Metropolis of Numidia when a Roman Province and formerly the Seat-royal of Syphax King of the Masaesyli within whose country it was reckoned in former times though afterwards laid unto this Province Situate near the mouth of the River Ampsaga and memorable for the tragedie of Sophonisba the daughter of Asdrubal of Carthage a Lady of most exquisite beauty and yet carried more charms in her tongue then in her eyes â—spoused first unto Masinissa King of the Numidians but after upon reason of State married unto Syphax who being took prisoner by his Rival and brought to Cirta the Lady upon hopes of liberty and honour both bestowed her self on her first Lover but Scipio fearing lest that marriage might withdraw Masinissa from the Roman party caused the Lady to be seized on which Masinissa not being otherwise able to prevent or remedie sent her a Cup of poyson which she drank and died Of these Numidians there is much mention in the Stories of Rome and Carthage imployed by this last City in all their wars both in Spain Italy and Sicil. Siding at last with Scipio against that State they did good service to the Romans in the weakening and destruction of that City whose fall they did not long survive first conquered in the war of Jugurth after the death of Juba made a Roman Province Their Kings as far as I can trace the succession of them follow in this Order The Kings of the Numidians 1 Gala the Father of Masinissa 2 Desalces the brother of Gala according to the laws of the Country which gave the Crown unto the brother not the son of the former King like the law of Tanistry in Ireland succeeded Gala. 3 N. N. a son of Desalces in the absence of Masinissa then serving under the Carthaginians in the wars of Spain possessed himself of the throne slain not long after by a Rebel 4 Masinissa son of Gala recovered the kingdome of his Fathers but again outed by Syphax and the Carthaginians betwixt whom and Masinissa touching Sophonisba there was deadly feud Aided by Scipio and the Romans with whom associated against Carthage he not only recovered his own kingdome but was gratified with the greatest part of that which belonged to Syphax A professed Enemy to Carthage the final ruine whereof he lived to see till the time of his death being then ninety years of Age. 5 Micipsa the son of Masinissa of whom nothing memorable 6 Jugurth the son of Mastanabilis one of the Brethren of Micipsa having wickedly made away the two sons of Micipsa usurped the kingdom manifestly withstood the Romans whose attempts sometimes by force sometimes by subtility but chiefly by money and bribes he overthrew and made frustrate Et fuit in Ingurtha saith Florus quod post Annibalem timeretur At last being broken by Metellus vanquished by Marius and by Bocchus delivered into the hands of Sylla he was by Marius led in triumph to Rome In this Triumph was carried 3700 pound weight in Gold in Silver-wedges 5775 pound weight and in ready Coin 28900 Crowns it being the custome of the Romans in their Triumphs to have carried before them all the riches and mony which they had brought out of the conquered Countries to put into the common Treasury 7 Hiempsal son of Bocchus king of Mauritania gratified for his Fathers treacherie in betraying Jugurth with the kingdome of Numidia Relieved Marius in his exile 8 Hiarbas another of the Marian faction preferred to the Numidian Crown but vanquished and deprived by Pompey at that time one of Sylla's Captains 9 Hiempsal II. preferred by Pompey to this kingdom 10 Juba the son of Hiempsal the second who siding with Pompey against Caesar in the Civil wars gave a great overthrow to Curio one of Caesar's Lieutenants Curio himself slain his whole Army routed such as were taken prisoners murdered in cold blood But being discomfited by Caesar after Pompey's death Numidia was made a Province of the Roman Empire Thus by the fall of Carthage and the death of Juba came the whole Provinces of Africa Propria and Numidia containing the now Kingdom of Tunis into the power of the Romans Of which the Nations of most note were the Nigitimi on the Eastern parts of the Mediterranean the Machyni near the Lesser Syrtis the Libya-Phoenices and Mideni bordering upon Carthage the Ionii Navatrae and Cirtesii taking up all the Sea-coasts of Numidia Such as inhabited more Southwards on the back of these not so much considerable None of them to be staid upon but the Libya-Phaenices a mixt people of the old Libyans and new Phoenicians as the Liby-Aegyptii were of the said Libyans and the neighbouring Egyptians The memory of all of them so defaced by the violent inundation of the Arabians that there is scarce any tract or footsteps of them in all the Country When conquered by the Saracens they were at first subject to the Caliph or Sultan of Cairoan after the spoile whereof by the Arabians subdued by Abdul Mumen King of Morocco and by him added to that Kingdom In the distractions of that State made a peculiar Kingdom by some of the Relicts of the Stock of the Almohades who took unto himself the title of King of Tunis that City being his chief Seat By him transmitted unto his posterity till the dayes of our Grandfathers when Muleasses one of the youngest sons of Sultan Mahomet having first murdered Maimon his eldest brother and put out the eyes of twenty of the rest usurped the Soveraignty Rosetta the onely one of those Princes who escaped this massacre by the aid of Solyman the magnificent obtained the Crown outed thereof not long after by Charles the fifth appearing in favour of Muleasses An. 1535. But the Tyrant did not long enjoy his ill-gotten Soveraignty when his eyes were were also put out by his own son Amida and so committed to close prison Nor did Amida enjoy it long dispossessed by Abdamelech his fathers brother To Abdamelech Mahomet his son succeeded and in his life another Mahomet the brother of Amida who being supported by the Turks recovered from the Christians the strong Fort of Coletta and dying left the Turk his heire who doth now possesse it 2. TREMESEN or ALGIERS THe Kingdom of TREMESEN is bounded on the East with the River Ampsaga now called Maâ—or by which parted from the Kingdom of Tunis on the West with the Kingdoms of Fesse and Morocco from which separated by the River Malutha or Malva So called from Tremesen or Teleusine the chief City of it Called also the Kingdom of Algiers from the City so named sometimes the Seat-royal of their Kings In the flourish of the Roman Empire it had the name of Mauritania Casariensis Mauritania because a part of the Kingdom of Juba King of Mauritania of which more anon Casariensis from Casarea the chief City of it as that so called in honour of Augustus Caesar on whom the Kings hereof depended
for the fire and timber for building the body of the Tree being strait and high and towards the top diversified into many branches A Country far too good for so bad a people For they as Travellers report and most Writers testifie are treacherous inhospitable ignorant both of â— rayers and Festivals destitute of the distinction of time into years and moneths not knowing any proper names for the dayes of the week nor able to reckon above ten naked except their privities which they cover with Cotton Idolaters in the midland parts Mahometans upon the shores Commendable only for their hate to Polygamie and restraining themselves to one wife the defiling of the marriage bed severely punished but otherwise so eager upon copulation that their Boyes at the age of twelve years and the Girls at ten think they stay too long if they keep their Virginities any longer some of them like Quartilla in Pâ—tronius Arbiter begin so early ut nunquam meminerint se Virgines fuisse that they remember not the time when they lost their Maidenheads Of colour they are black and of strong composition their breasts and faces cut and pinkt to appear more beautiful Much given unto the wars well armed according to their Country manner and exceeding good Archers Amongst them there are some white people said to come from China It hath in it many fair Rivers but their names I find not and at the mouths of those Rivers some convenient Havens into which they admit the sorrein Merchants but suffer none to come on land which the Merchant hath no cause to be sorry for finding himself not safe on shipboard from their treacherous practises So that we can give but small Account of their Towns and Cities except it be the bare recital of their names as viz. 1. S. Augustines on a fair Bay in the South-west point as 2 Gangomar in the North-east of it 3 Antabosta 4 Point-Antogil 5 Santo-Jacobo 6 Matatana 7 Angoda 8 Herendo 9 Andro-arco and 10 Roma or New-Rome so entituled by some zealous Romanist in hope to have it thought that the Popes of Rome have got some footing in this Iland This Iland known but very imperfectly in the time of Marcus Paulus Venetus who telleth us many strange things of it but none more strange then that of the Bird called Ruck of such incredible strength bigness that it could snatch up an Elephant as easily as a Kite doth a Chicken Discovered by the Portugals in the year 1506. as before was said and since frequented by the English and Holland Merchants by whom we are informed no further touching the Estate and Affairs thereof but that it is divided into four parts under so many Kings each of them in continual wars against one another but well enough agreed to defend themselves against the coming in of Strangers yet as some say they would be well enough content with an English Plantation either in love to our Nation whom they acknowledge to be more courteous then the Portugals and not so covetous as the Dutch or else by the strength of our Shipping and the reputation of our interesse in it to keep off all others 4. MOHELIA 5. MAVRITIVS Iland ADjoyning to Madagascar and as it were attending on it I find divers Ilands some on the North-west some directly East On the North-west we have 1 Meottey 2 Chamroe 3 Mohelia and 4 Joanna Iland on the East 5 the Iland of Mauritius and 6 Englands Forest Of these Mauritius is the greatest but Mohelia the best inhabited 4. MOHELIA situate on the North-west of Madagascar is about 20 miles in length and 16 in breadth abounding in Goats Hens Coconuts Limons Orenges Pom-Citrons Pulse Sugar-Canes store of Fish taken on the shores and other necessaries The People of complexion black of composition large and strong couragious affable lesse treacherous then their neighbours of Madagascar Of the same Language and Religion with those of Arabia from whence they seem to have descended but by reason of their commerce and intercourse with the Portugals they speak that tongue also The Women of the like complexion to amend which and seem more lovely they pink their arms and faces in several shapes Both sexes no otherwise apparalled then their natural garments with some Plantane Leaves about their middle to hide their shame Their Religion that of Mahomet as before is said their Priests in great esteem amongst them so their Temples also which they keep clean and neatly matted not suffering any man to enter with his shooes on his feet Their chief Town Merianguea at the West end of the Isle strong and well-garrison'd Heretofore under the command of one King alone of late divided into two Principalities one of the last Kings leaving two daughters the one married to a Native the other to an Arabian Lord. 5. Larger then this on the East of Madagascar is the Isle of MAVRITIVS so called by the Hollanders in honour of Maurice Prince of Orange in whose time they first set footing in it but by the Portugals called De Cerne and by some Cygnaea In compass about 100 miles well stored with Beeves Hogs Goats most sorts of Fish and liberally endowed with all the blessings of Nature sweet Waters most delicious Fruits Woods fit for any use both of food and building plenty of Ebonie of all colours but the best coal-black Yet altogether destitute of humane Inhabitants insomuch as we may say of this as the Poet of the World before Man was made Sanctius his Animal mentisque capacius altae Deerat adhuc quod dominari in caetera posset Which may be Englished in these words But yet the Chief with Supreme power possest Was wanting he that should command the rest 6. S. HELENS 7. The Isles of ASCENTION 6. AS destitute of Inhabitants as the Isle of Mauritius is that of S. HELEN on the West side of the Cape of Good Hope in the 16 Degree of Southernly Latitude no other Iland interposing betwixt Madagascar and it except those of Don Alvarez and of Tristram de Acugna neer the Cape it self but of so little note as not worth the naming The Iland very high and hilly and mounting from the Sea with so steep an ascent that the Mariners have amongst them a merry saying that A man may choose whether he will break his heart going up or his neck coming down It was thus called because discovered by the Portugals on S. Helens day not then inhabited nor since the King of Spain suffering none to dwell there because it had been made an unlawful receptacle for uncustomed Goods whereby he lost exceedingly both in power and profit Stored by the Portugals at the first Discovery with Goats Hogs Hens and other Creatures as also with Figs Limons Orenges and the like Fruits which there thrive exceedingly and grow all the year long Intended by them for a Stage in their going and coming to and from the Indies in which they might refresh themselves and
sadness of the misadventure that he endeavoured what he could to settle a Plantation in it That of more same and greatness then all the rest to which the name is now most properly ascribed is situate in the Latitude of 32. 30 minutes Well stored when first discovered with plenty of Hogs divers fruits Mulberries Palmitos Cedars as also of Silk-worms Pearls and Amber and such rich Commodities of Fowl so infinite an abundance that our men took a thousand of one sort as big as a Pigeon within two or three hours The Aire hereof very sound and healthy found by experience the best Argument in such a point to be agreeable to the body of an English man yet terribly exposed to tempests of rain thunder and lightning For which and for the many shipwracks happening on the Coasts thereof and want of other Inhabitants to be said to own it the Manners have pleased to call it the Iland of Devils The soil affirmed to be as fertile as any well watered plentiful in Maize of which they have two Harvests yearly that which is sowed in March being cut in July and that which is sowed in August being mowed in December No venâ—mous creature to be found in all the Iland or will live brought hither And besides these Commodities of so safe a being so fenced about with Rocks and â—lets that without knowledge of the passages a Boat of ten Tuns cannot be brought into the Haven yet with such knowledge there is entrance for the greatest ships The English have since added to there strengths of nature such additional helps by Block-houses Forts and Bulwarks in convenient places as may give it the title of Impregnable It was first discovered but rather accidentally then upon design by John Bermudaz a Spaniard about the year 1522. and thereupon a Proposition made in the Council of Spain for setling a Plantation in it as a place not to be avoided by the Spanish Fleets in their return from the Bay of Mexico by the Streits of Bahama Neglected notwithstanding till the like accidental coming of Sir George Summers sent to Virginia with some Companies of English by the Lord De la Ware An. 1609. Who being shipwracked on this Coast had the opportunity to survey the Iland which he so liked that he endeavoured a Plantation in it at his coming home An. 1612. the first Colonie was sent over under Richard More who in three years erected eight or nine Forts in convenient places which he planted with Ordinance An. 1616. a new Supply is sent over under Captain Daniel Tucker who applied themselves to sowing Corn setting of Trees brought thither from other parts of America and planting that gainful Weed Tobacco An. 1619. the business is taken more to heart and made a matter of the Publick many great Lords and men of Honour being interessed in it Captain Butler sent thither with 500 men the Isle divided into Tribes or Cantreds to each Tribe a Burrough the whole reduced to a setled Government both in Church and State according to the Law of England After this all things so succeeded that in the year 1623. here were said to be three thousand English ten Forts and in those Forts fifty peeces of Ordinance their numbers since increasing daily both by Children borne within the Iland and supplies from England OF FLORIDA FLORIDA is bounded on the North-east with Virginia on the East with Mare del Noort on the South and some part of the West with the Gulf of Mexico on the rest of the West with part of New Gallicia and some Countries hitherto not discovered Extended from the River of Palmes in the 25 degree of Latitude to Rio de Secco in the 34. which evidently speaketh it for a Country of large dimensions It was first discovered by the English under the conduct of Sebastian Cabat An. 1497. afterwards better searched into by John de Ponce a Spaniard who took possession of it in the name of that King An. 1527. and by him called Florida either because he landed there upon Palm-Sunday which the Spaniards call Pascua di Flores or Pascha Florida or else quia Florida erat Regio by reason of that fresh verdure and flourishing estate in which he found it But by the Natives it is said to be called Jaquasa This Country lying Parallel to Castile in Spain is said to be of the same temper both for Aire and Soil but that it is abundantly more fruitfull the heart of the ground not being here worn out by continual Tillage as perhaps it may be in the other For here they have great abundance of Maize the natural bread-Corn of the Country which they sowe twice a year viz. March and June and reap in the third month after laying it in some publick Barns and thence distribute it to the neccssities of particular persons Well stored with several sorts of Fruit as Mulberries Cherries Chelnuts Grapes and Plums of both excellent taste and colour Beasts wilde and came of all kindes which these Countries yield and of like sorts of Fowl The Woods and Forrests full of the largest Okes and the loftiest Cedars some Cypress-Trees and Bays of a large proportion with great plenty of that Wood which the Inhabitants call Pavame and the French name Sassafras the bark whereof is Medicinal against some Diseases and another Tree which we call Esquine affirmed to be a Soveraign and present Remedie for the French disease It is also said to be enriched with some Mines of Gold and Silver neglected by the Natives till the coming of the Spaniards and French put a price upon them and to have in it Emeralds of great worth and beauty with many Tarquoises and Pearls Others report that all the Gold and Silver which they have amongst them came from some ships which had been wracked upon those Coasts contrary whereunto it is said by the Natives that in the Hills which they call Apalatei there are found great Veins of a reddish Mettal which the French concluded to be Gold though they wanted time and opportunity to search into them The People are of an Olive-Colour great stature and well proportioned naked except their Privities which they hide with the skins of Stags their Arms and knees stained with divers paintings not to be washed off their hair black and hanging down as low as their thighs Cunning they be and excellent in the Arts of dissimulation So stomackfull that they do naturally love War and Revenge insomuch that they are continually in War with one or other They are crafty also and very intelligent as appeareth by the Answer they gave to Ferdinando Soto a Spaniard who was here among them An. 1549. For when he went to perswade the people that he was the son of God and came to teach them the Law Not so replyed a Floridan for God never bad thee to kill and slay and work all kinde of mischief against us The Women when their Husbands are dead use to cut off their hair close