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have_v be_v all_o this_o time_n most_o wrongful_o exclude_v wherefore_o have_v obtain_v help_v in_o ireland_n where_o he_o private_o sojourn_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n from_o encumalhon_n king_n of_o vltonia_fw-la ranalht_n and_o mathaw_v two_o other_o king_n of_o that_o country_n he_o sail_v for_o wales_n and_o land_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o he_o easy_o reduce_v and_o bring_v to_o subjection_n at_o the_o same_o time_n cynwric_n ap_fw-mi rywalhon_n a_o nobleman_n of_o maeler_n or_o bromfield_n be_v slay_v in_o north-wales_n but_o how_o or_o upon_o what_o account_n be_v not_o know_v but_o whilst_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n endeavour_n to_o dispossess_v trahaern_a out_o of_o north-wales_n gronow_v and_o lhewelyn_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v unite_v their_o force_n with_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n intend_v to_o revenge_v the_o murder_n of_o their_o grandfather_n blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n upon_o rys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n
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elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o 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no_o manner_n of_o hope_n of_o any_o aid_n be_v resolve_v however_o to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v of_o necessity_n pass_v neither_o be_v they_o out_o in_o their_o policy_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n advance_v to_o one_o of_o these_o narrow_a passage_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o carriage_n have_v take_v some_o compass_n about_o which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v present_o pour_v a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n give_v help_n to_o their_o execution_n they_o slay_v and_o wound_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a the_o king_n himself_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o breast_n but_o for_o all_o that_o the_o arrow_n can_v not_o hurt_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o terrify_v with_o this_o unexpected_a conflict_n and_o consider_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o must_v receive_v several_a such_o brush_n before_o he_o can_v advance_v to_o the_o plain_a country_n and_o what_o be_v above_o all_o be_v sensible_a that_o by_o such_o rash_a misfortune_n he_o may_v lose_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o fame_n which_o he_o have_v before_o obtain_v send_v a_o message_n to_o parley_v with_o they_o who_o keep_v the_o passage_n and_o with_o all_o assurance_n of_o safety_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n the_o welsh_a be_v come_v and_o question_v how_o they_o have_v such_o confidence_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v his_o life_n in_o so_o much_o danger_n make_v answer_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o according_a to_o their_o master_n order_n they_o be_v
how_o sweet_a the_o spoil_n of_o a_o country_n much_o more_o fertile_a than_o their_o own_o be_v â—hey_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o have_v already_o obtain_v but_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n â—f_n the_o east-angle_n edmund_n king_n of_o that_o country_n â—eing_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v their_o insolence_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o in_o the_o undertake_n be_v â—nfortunately_o slay_v and_o now_o after_o the_o same_o manâ—er_a that_o the_o saxon_n have_v former_o attain_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n the_o dane_n proceed_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v find_v out_o â—he_v sweetness_n of_o this_o island_n and_o withal_o discover_v â—he_v weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o oppose_v â—hem_fw-mi bring_v over_o their_o number_n by_o degree_n and_o â—n_o several_a company_n by_o which_o they_o weary_v and_o â—ired_v out_o the_o british_a army_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o â—othing_n can_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o â—sland_n than_o the_o land_n a_o army_n at_o several_a place_n â—nd_v at_o several_a time_n which_o distract_v the_o counsel_n â—nd_v proceed_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o which_o at_o â—his_n time_n for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a power_n at_o sea_n can_v â—ot_n be_v prevent_v and_o so_o the_o dane_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o good_a success_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubba_n in_o england_n send_v over_o another_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o basreck_n and_o ald_a who_o land_v in_o west-sax_n and_o â—ought_v five_o battle_n with_o king_n ethelred_n and_o his_o brother_n alfred_n namely_o at_o henglefield_n estondown_n redding_n basin_n and_o mereton_n in_o which_o two_o first_o the_o english_a overcome_v and_o the_o three_o last_v the_o dane_n get_v the_o victory_n soon_o after_o this_o ethelred_n die_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n alfred_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o but_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n he_o be_v to_o sustain_v and_o therefore_o he_o begin_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a est_fw-fr man_n that_o he_o can_v hear_v of_o to_o be_v direct_v by_o they_o who_o he_o worthy_o entertain_v make_v use_n of_o their_o advice_n as_o well_o in_o the_o public_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o his_o private_a study_n and_o conference_n of_o learning_n he_o send_v for_o two_o man_n famous_o learned_a out_o of_o wales_n the_o one_o call_v john_n de_fw-fr erigena_n surname_v scotus_n the_o other_o asserius_fw-la surname_v menevensis_n dâ—_n erigena_n be_v bear_v at_o menevia_n or_o st._n david_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o that_o college_n who_o for_o the_o sake_n oâ—_n learning_n have_v travel_v to_o athens_n and_o bestow_v there_o many_o year_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o greek_a hebreâ—_n and_o chaldaic_a tongue_n and_o the_o secret_a mystery_n oâ—_n philosophy_n come_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v well_o accept_v of_o by_o carolus_n calvus_n or_o charles_n the_o bald_a anâ—_n ludovicus_n balbus_n or_o lewis_n the_o stammerer_n and_o therâ—_n translate_v the_o work_n of_o dionysius_n areopagita_n dâ—_n coelesti_fw-la hierarchia_fw-la out_o of_o the_o greek_a into_o the_o laâ—â—_n tongue_n be_v return_v home_o to_o wales_n he_o wâ—â—_n send_v for_o by_o this_o king_n alfred_n who_o be_v then_o found_v and_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o oxford_n of_o whicâ—_n erigena_n become_v the_o first_o professor_n and_o public_a reader_n but_o king_n alfred_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o respect_n tâ—_n learning_n that_o he_o will_v suffer_v none_o to_o bear_v any_o considerable_a office_n in_o his_o court_n but_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a and_o withal_o exhort_v all_o person_n to_o embrace_v learning_n and_o to_o honour_n learned_a men._n but_o though_o 〈◊〉_d love_n to_o learning_n be_v seldom_o reconcilable_a with_o a_o warlike_a and_o a_o military_a life_n king_n alfred_n be_v also_o forceâ—_n to_o regard_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n against_o the_o increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n foâ—_n he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o this_o restless_a and_o ever_o troublesome_a people_n begin_v to_o molest_v and_o destroy_v his_o country_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v of_o necessity_n force_v to_o oppose_v they_o which_o he_o do_v twice_o upon_o thâ—_n southside_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n in_o which_o engagement_n he_o slay_v of_o the_o dane_n one_o king_n nine_o earl_n together_o with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o inferior_a soldier_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n 〈◊〉_d dunwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ab_fw-la sitsylht_n prince_n of_o cardigan_n die_v be_v as_o some_o say_v unfortunate_o drown_v but_o the_o â—ate_z victory_n which_o alfred_n have_v obtain_v over_o the_o dane_n do_v not_o so_o much_o weaken_v and_o dishearten_v they_o â—ut_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o recover_v their_o spirit_n â—nd_v begin_v again_o to_o look_v terrible_a and_o threaten_a for_o 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o can_v reunite_v their_o scatter_a force_n â—hey_v set_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o alclyde_n wan_a â—he_n city_n of_o london_n and_o redding_n overran_a all_o the_o inâ—â—nd_a country_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o mercia_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prove_v â—ery_o successful_a in_o the_o north_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o â—he_n country_n of_o northumberland_n which_o action_n do_v â—ot_n so_o much_o grieve_v the_o english_a as_o trouble_v and_o vex_v â—he_n pict_n and_o scot_n who_o be_v incessant_o gaul_v and_o frequent_o beat_v off_o by_o these_o danish_a troop_n the_o â—ext_a year_n three_o of_o the_o danish_a captain_n march_v â—â—om_n cambridge_n towards_o warham_n in_o dorsetshire_n of_o â—hich_v expedition_n king_n alfred_n be_v inform_v present_o detach_v his_o force_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o â—ffer_v they_o battle_n the_o dane_n be_v so_o startle_v at_o â—â—is_n that_o they_o immediate_o desire_v peace_n and_o willing_o consent_v forthwith_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o county_n and_o to_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n accord_v to_o which_o capitulation_n the_o horse_n that_o â—â—ght_n march_v for_o exeter_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v ship_v â—ff_n be_v all_o of_o they_o drown_v at_o sandwich_n the_o dane_n have_v thus_o abjure_v england_n be_v not_o willing_a â—o_o return_v home_o empty_a but_o think_v it_o prudent_a to_o â—end_n their_o course_n against_o wales_n they_o fancy_v that_o â—â—ey_n be_v like_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o great_a opposition_n from_o â—â—e_v welch_n and_o therefore_o can_v carve_v for_o themselves_o accord_v as_o their_o fancy_n direct_v they_o but_o have_v end_v their_o army_n in_o anglesey_n they_o quick_o experience_v the_o contrary_a prince_n roderic_n oppose_v they_o â—ave_n they_o two_o battle_n one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v bengole_n a.d._n 873_o â—nd_n the_o other_o at_o menegid_a in_o anglesey_n at_o the_o same_o time_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o â—alden_a and_o hungare_n land_v in_o south-wales_n overran_a â—â—e_v whole_a country_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o neiâ—â—er_o spare_v church_n nor_o religious_a house_n but_o â—â—ey_v receive_v their_o due_a reward_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a who_o meet_v with_o they_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n slay_v both_o halden_n and_o hungare_n with_o 1200_o of_o their_o men._n the_o same_o year_n einion_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n die_v and_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n succeed_v by_o hubert_n who_o be_v install_v in_o his_o place_n a.d._n 876_o the_o english_a be_v rid_v of_o their_o powerful_a and_o ever_o restless_a enemy_n the_o dane_n begin_v now_o to_o quarrel_n with_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o anglesey_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n fight_v a_o fore_a battle_n with_o roderic_n who_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n or_o as_o other_o say_v his_o son_n gwyriad_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v in_o the_o field_n which_o battle_n be_v call_v by_o the_o welsh_a gwaith_n duw_fw-we sul_z y_z mon._n this_o roderic_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_n anarawd_n cadelh_n and_o merfyn_n the_o last_o of_o which_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a and_o receive_a opinion_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n upon_o who_o be_v bestow_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n for_o it_o be_v unanimous_o grant_v that_o rodeâ—â—â—_n be_v undoubted_a proprietor_n of_o all_o the_o dominion_n oâ—_n wales_n north-wales_n descend_v unto_o he_o by_o his_o mother_n esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o conan_n tyâ—daethwy_n south-wales_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_v the_o daughter_n of_o meyric_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n kâ—â—â—_n of_o cardigan_n powis_n by_o nest_n the_o sister_n and_o heir_n oâ—_n congen_fw-mi ap_fw
at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o â—nute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o â—ere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n â—â—t_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o â—anes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n â—â—yed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a â—nd_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o â—â—s_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o â—umber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o â—â—st_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o â—hom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâ—yn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o â—â—eat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâ—arched_v â—arched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâ—ther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v â—nd_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v â—o_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o â—nnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o â—â—ngle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundâ—nd_a â—nd_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâ—erceiving_v â—erceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v 〈◊〉_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n 〈◊〉_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ—_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hâ—â—_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faâ—â—_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ—_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ—_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n 〈◊〉_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâ—ness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ—_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o â—eject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâ—yn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v â—ay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ—_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ—_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomâ—n_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâ—ness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthfael_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o wales_n rebel_v and_o raise_v aâ—_n army_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o no_o soon_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o quell_v this_o malcontented_n general_n but_o manful_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o easy_o discomfit_v his_o follower_n the_o same_o time_n cnute_n sail_v over_o into_o denmark_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o vandal_n who_o for_o all_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o imcomparable_a valour_n of_o earl_n godwyn_n for_o which_o famous_a action_n cnutâ—_n have_v the_o english_a in_o great_a esteem_n ever_o after_o a.d._n 1020_o but_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v late_o quell_v the_o rebel_n head_v by_o meyric_n be_v now_o to_o encounter_v with_o another_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v great_a disturbance_n and_o trouble_n to_o he_o for_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o a_o mean_a quality_n in_o scotland_n come_v to_o south-wales_n assume_v the_o
reply_v it_o be_v not_o so_o wonderful_a for_o although_o say_v he_o we_o have_v violent_o and_o injurious_o oppress_v that_o nation_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_o know_v that_o they_o be_v the_o lawful_a and_o original_a inheritor_n of_o that_o country_n but_o whilst_o the_o norman_n be_v thus_o carve_v for_o themselves_o in_o glamorgan_n and_o brecnock_n cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o april_n enter_v into_o dyve_v and_o have_v ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n return_v back_o but_o within_o eight_o week_n after_o there_o succeed_v he_o a_o more_o fatal_a enemy_n for_o the_o norman_n land_v in_o dyve_v and_o cardigan_n begin_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a place_n and_o to_o inhabit_v the_o country_n upon_o the_o seashore_n which_o before_o be_v not_o in_o their_o possession_n indeed_o the_o norman_n have_v by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o conqueror_n already_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o best_a estate_n in_o england_n begin_v now_o to_o spy_v out_o the_o commodity_n of_o wales_n and_o perceive_v moreover_o how_o brave_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o barnard_n newmarch_n have_v speed_v there_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v the_o like_a fortune_n wherefore_o have_v obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o king_n william_n who_o ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n because_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o kill_v two_o bird_n with_o one_o stone_n procure_v to_o himself_o their_o utmost_a service_n upon_o occasion_n and_o withal_o provide_v for_o they_o without_o any_o charge_n to_o himself_o they_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o king_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight-service_n have_v first_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_a fealty_n for_o the_o same_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n do_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n and_o card_n begin_v hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n for_o tegengl_n and_o râ—fonioc_n together_o with_o all_o the_o land_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o the_o river_n câ—nwey_n arnulph_n a_o young_a son_n of_o roger_n montgomery_n for_o dyve_v barnard_n newmarch_n for_o brecnock_n ralph_n mortimer_n for_o eluel_n hugh_z de_fw-fr lacie_n for_o the_o land_n of_o ewyas_n eustace_n omer_n for_o mold_n and_o hapredale_n and_o several_a other_o do_v the_o like_a homage_n for_o other_o land_n but_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbury_n enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o powys-land_n and_o have_v win_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o baldwyn_n fortify_v it_o in_o his_o own_o right_n and_o call_v it_o montgomery_n after_o his_o own_o name_n king_n william_n of_o england_n be_v now_o in_o normandy_n and_o busy_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o who_o absence_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o now_o rule_v in_o south_n wales_n with_o joint_a force_n enter_v into_o cardigan_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n who_o pride_n and_o excessive_a cruelty_n towards_o the_o welsh_a be_v altogether_o intolerable_a but_o after_o sufficient_a execution_n there_o be_v return_v home_o the_o norman_n send_v for_o more_o aid_n from_o england_n which_o be_v arrive_v they_o think_v to_o make_v a_o private_a inroad_n into_o north-wales_n and_o so_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a but_o their_o design_n be_v happy_o discover_v to_o cadogan_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o then_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o yspys_n after_o a_o very_a warm_a resistment_n of_o the_o norman_n side_n force_v they_o to_o retire_v by_o slight_a and_o then_o triumphant_o march_v through_o cardigan_n and_o dyve_v he_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o country_n beside_o pembrock_n and_o rydcor_n which_o prove_v too_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a a.d._n 1093_o the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n who_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o glamorgan_n fall_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n kidwely_n and_o ysâ—â—âd_o tywy_a which_o they_o harrass_v in_o such_o a_o cruel_a manner_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o bare_a of_o any_o people_n to_o inhabit_v and_o to_o increase_v as_o it_o be_v think_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a king_n william_n rufus_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a slaughter_n which_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n have_v late_o commit_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o within_o cheshire_n shropshire_n worcestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n as_o within_o wales_n enter_v the_o country_n at_o montgomery_n which_o place_n the_o welsh_a have_v sometime_o since_o demolish_v king_n william_n late_o rebuilt_a but_o the_o welsh_a keep_v all_o the_o passage_n through_o the_o wood_n and_o river_n and_o all_o other_o strait_n so_o close_o that_o the_o king_n can_v effect_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o they_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o perceive_v that_o his_o labour_n be_v but_o lose_v in_o continue_v in_o those_o part_n he_o forthwith_o decamp_v and_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n back_o to_o england_n but_o this_o retreat_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o favourable_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o a.d._n 1094_o welsh_a as_o the_o death_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o do_v the_o great_a mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o south-wales_n man_n of_o any_o other_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o continual_a a_o we_o forsake_v that_o place_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwyr_n brecnock_n gwent_n and_o gwentlhwe_v to_o shake_v off_o that_o intolerable_a yoke_n the_o norman_n force_v upon_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v robe_v they_o of_o their_o land_n keep_v they_o in_o perpetual_a subjection_n but_o now_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n scatter_v they_o venture_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o the_o norman_n who_o think_v themselves_o free_a from_o all_o fear_n and_o prevail_v so_o successful_o that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o ancient_a estate_n but_o the_o norman_n like_v that_o country_n so_o well_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o befool_v out_o of_o what_o they_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n once_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a and_o norman_n to_o their_o aid_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o venture_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o return_v if_o possible_a to_o their_o once_o acquire_v habitation_n but_o the_o welsh_a so_o abhor_v their_o pride_n and_o tyrannical_a dominion_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v master_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o â—e_v subject_a to_o such_o tyrant_n again_o and_o therefore_o they_o â—oldly_o meet_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v celly_n jarfawc_n and_o â—et_v upon_o they_o so_o manful_o the_o very_a apprehension_n of_o servitude_n whet_v their_o spirit_n that_o they_o put_v they_o â—o_o flight_n with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o â—he_n country_n the_o norman_n however_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o rout_v with_o this_o overthrow_n but_o like_o a_o fly_n in_o the_o night_n which_o destroy_v itself_o in_o the_o candle_n they_o must_v needs_o covet_v their_o own_o destruction_n their_o greediness_n egg_v they_o on_o to_o venture_v with_o few_o what_o be_v not_o practicable_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o many_o therefore_o they_o come_v as_o far_o as_o brecnock_v with_o this_o absolute_a â—ow_o and_o resolution_n not_o to_o leave_v one_o live_a thing_n remain_v in_o that_o country_n but_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o policy_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v remove_v to_o a_o narrow_a streight_n to_o expect_v their_o pass_v through_o whither_o the_o norman_n be_v advance_v they_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o about_o the_o same_o time_n roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arundel_n william_n fitzeustace_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n arnold_n de_fw-fr harecourt_n and_o neal_n le_fw-fr viscount_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o welsh_a between_o caerdà f_n and_o brecnock_v and_o walter_n eureux_fw-fr earl_n of_o sarum_n rosmer_n and_o mantiâ—ake_v hugh_n earl_n of_o gourney_n be_v wound_v who_o afterward_o die_v in_o normandy_n the_o norman_n find_v that_o they_o continual_o lose_v ground_n think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o stay_v any_o long_o and_o therefore_o have_v place_v sufficient_a garrison_n in_o those_o castle_n which_o they_o have_v former_o build_v they_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n they_o
to_o apprehend_v he_o but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n being_n aware_a of_o the_o trap_n lay_v against_o he_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v his_o assistance_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o remain_v safe_a in_o his_o country_n which_o gruffydh_n for_o his_o father_n account_n ready_o grant_v and_o treat_v he_o honourable_o a_o little_a after_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o be_v imprison_v by_o ardulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n where_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o a_o great_a while_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v to_o his_o brother_n then_o with_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n in_o north-wales_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v inform_v that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n be_v entertain_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n send_v very_o smooth_a letter_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n desire_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o who_o be_v come_v he_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o friendship_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o very_o rich_a present_n just_a after_o the_o norman_a policy_n who_o usual_o make_v very_o much_o of_o those_o who_o they_o design_v afterward_o to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o after_o some_o time_n be_v general_a discourse_n king_n henry_n come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o main_a point_n and_o promise_v the_o prince_n even_o mountain_n of_o gold_n in_o case_n he_o will_v send_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n or_o his_o head_n to_o he_o which_o the_o prince_n overcome_v by_o such_o fair_a word_n and_o large_a promise_n promise_v to_o perform_v and_o so_o return_v joyful_o home_o big_a with_o the_o expectation_n of_o his_o future_a reward_n but_o some_o who_o wish_v better_a to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n present_o suspect_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o king_n message_n and_o therefore_o they_o advise_v they_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o private_o for_o some_o time_n till_o prince_n gruffydh_n mind_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o agreement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o betray_v they_o to_o he_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aberffraw_n he_o present_o inquire_v for_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o learning_n in_o a_o little_a time_n where_o he_o be_v he_o send_v a_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o recall_n he_o to_o his_o court_n but_o gruffydh_n hear_v of_o their_o approach_n with_o all_o speed_n make_v his_o escape_n to_o the_o church_n of_o aberdaron_n and_o take_v sanctuary_n there_o but_o prince_n gruffydh_n be_v so_o resolute_a to_o make_v his_o promise_n good_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o religious_a place_n he_o have_v escape_v too_o command_v the_o same_o messenger_n to_o return_v and_o to_o bring_v he_o away_o by_o force_n which_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o country_n unanimous_o withstand_v protest_v that_o they_o will_v not_o see_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o least_o infringe_v and_o whilst_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o prince_n officer_n be_v thus_o at_o debate_n that_o same_o night_n some_o who_o have_v compassion_n upon_o the_o young_a prince_n and_o see_v how_o greedy_o his_o life_n be_v thirst_v for_o convey_v he_o away_o out_o of_o north-wales_n to_o straywy_a in_o south-wales_n and_o so_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o treacherous_a and_o more_o dishonourable_a practice_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north_n wales_n he_o be_v force_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n to_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o force_n which_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v he_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n a.d._n 1113_o the_o next_o year_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o stand_v over-against_o arberth_n and_o win_v the_o same_o make_v it_o plain_a with_o the_o ground_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o lhanymdhyfry_n castle_n belonging_z to_z richard_z de_fw-fr pwn_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cantref_o bychan_n but_o the_o garrison_n command_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n so_o manful_o defend_v it_o that_o gruffydh_n after_o kill_v only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o besiege_a and_o burn_v the_o outwork_n be_v force_v to_o remove_v with_o no_o small_a loss_n of_o his_o own_o men._n find_v this_o place_n impregnable_a he_o come_v before_o abertawy-castle_n which_o be_v build_v by_o henry_n beaumond_n earl_n of_o warwick_n but_o this_o prove_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v quick_o surrender_v after_o he_o have_v burn_v some_o of_o the_o outward_a building_n he_o return_v to_o stratywy_a burn_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n as_o he_o go_v along_o and_o now_o his_o fame_n be_v spread_v abroad_o through_o all_o the_o country_n all_o the_o wild_a and_o headstrong_a 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henry_n be_v desire_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o that_o by_o turn_n owen_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o first_o fortnight_n and_o then_o by_o succession_n by_o rhytherch_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o meredith_n the_o ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n owen_n undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o carmardhyn_n castle_n for_o the_o time_n require_v of_o he_o and_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gadifor_n have_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o government_n of_o abercomyn_n or_o abercorran-castle_n which_o appertain_v to_o robert_n courtmain_n but_o for_o all_o these_o preparation_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi râ—ys_fw-mi have_v a_o wishful_a eye_n upon_o carmardhyn_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v out_o some_o spy_n to_o learn_v the_o strength_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o town_n who_o bring_v he_o a_o very_a kind_n and_o hopeful_a account_n he_o decamp_v by_o night_n and_o rush_v sudden_o into_o the_o town_n order_v his_o man_n to_o make_v a_o great_a shout_n thereby_o to_o strike_v a_o great_a terror_n 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to_o gwyr_n but_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o forsake_v the_o castle_n with_o all_o his_o man_n in_o all_o haste_n so_o that_o when_o gruffydh_n be_v come_v thither_o he_o find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o cattle_n and_o spoil_n and_o none_o to_o own_o they_o and_o therefore_o have_v burn_v down_o the_o castle_n he_o carry_v away_o every_o thing_n of_o value_n in_o the_o country_n when_o the_o cardiganshire_n man_n hear_v how_o fortunate_o he_o succeed_v in_o all_o his_o attempt_n and_o be_v extreme_o fearful_a lest_o his_o next_o expedition_n shall_v be_v against_o they_o send_v to_o he_o desire_v he_o as_o be_v their_o near_a relation_n and_o country_n man_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n over_o they_o gruffydh_fw-mi willing_o accept_v of_o their_o offer_n and_o come_v thither_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v cadifor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n howel_n ap_fw-mi
to_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o city_n of_o dublyn_n the_o town_n of_o waterford_n with_o all_o such_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o get_v in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n whereupon_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o create_v he_o lord_n steward_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o earl_n of_o strigule_n have_v late_o without_o the_o king_n permission_n go_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o dermott_n king_n of_o dublyn_n which_o king_n henry_n take_v in_o such_o a_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n in_o england_n and_o normandy_n therefore_o the_o king_n have_v now_o some_o foot_n in_o ireland_n the_o expedition_n be_v unanimous_o conclude_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o king_n set_v upon_o his_o journey_n and_o come_v towards_o wales_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o prince_n rhys_n who_o submission_n the_o king_n like_v so_o well_o that_o he_o present_o confirm_v to_o he_o 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together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o enter_v the_o country_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n as_o they_o come_v along_o they_o at_o last_o come_v before_o caerlheon_n which_o when_o they_o take_v they_o use_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o so_o that_o nothing_o escape_v their_o fury_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o win_v the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o his_o journey_n to_o pembroke_n where_o be_v accompany_v by_o prince_n rhys_n he_o give_v he_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n arust_o and_o eluel_n in_o recompense_n of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o honour_n he_o pay_v he_o and_o so_o rhys_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n a_o town_n he_o have_v late_o win_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o there_o have_v prepare_v his_o present_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n he_o return_v again_o to_o pembrock_n have_v order_v eighty_o six_o horse_n to_o follow_v he_o which_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n he_o accept_v of_o thirty_o six_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o return_v the_o rest_n with_o great_a thanks_o the_o same_o day_n king_n henry_n go_v to_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v offer_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o saint_n he_o dine_v with_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o gerald_n cousin-german_a to_o rhys_n whither_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygile_n come_v from_o ireland_n to_o confer_v with_o the_o king_n within_o a_o while_n after_o king_n henry_n be_v entertain_v by_o rhys_n at_o the_o white-house_n restore_v to_o he_o his_o son_n howel_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n detain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o appoint_v he_o a_o certain_a day_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o tribute_n at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pledge_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o day_n follow_v be_v the_o next_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o 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his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o by_o his_o wife_n alice_z the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v issue_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n cadfan_n cadwallader_n eineon_n meredith_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a garrison_n prisoner_n a.d._n 1173_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n and_o a_o fall_v out_o betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o latter_a be_v uphold_v by_o
so_o the_o english_a retire_v over_o the_o river_n matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o the_o earl_n obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n and_o that_o of_o the_o welsh_a there_o be_v nine_o thousand_o slay_v and_o take_v though_o the_o welsh_a account_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o best_a make_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o consist_v but_o of_o that_o number_n but_o both_o army_n have_v lie_v for_o certain_a day_n in_o that_o posture_n and_o the_o river_n tywy_n be_v betwixt_o they_o gruffydh_n by_o reason_n that_o provision_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n return_v back_o and_o then_o the_o earl_n decamp_v and_o march_v to_o cilgerran_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n but_o before_o he_o can_v have_v time_n to_o finish_v it_o he_o receive_v a_o express_a from_o the_o king_n with_o order_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o so_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o london_n leave_v his_o army_n at_o cilgerran_n to_o continue_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v short_o after_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n come_v to_o ludlow_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n thither_o they_o have_v good_a hope_n to_o adjust_a all_o difference_n and_o to_o make_v a_o amicable_a composition_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o earl_n but_o when_o this_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v both_o party_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o private_a interest_n the_o earl_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n and_z henry_n pyggot_n lord_n of_o ewyas_n design_v to_o pass_v by_o land_n to_o pembrock_n but_o his_o purpose_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o prince_n he_o detach_v his_o son_n to_o secure_v the_o passage_n of_o carnwylhion_n and_o come_v in_o person_n to_o mabedryd_n which_o when_o the_o earl_n understand_v find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n any_o further_a he_o return_v to_o england_n and_o then_o the_o prince_n march_v to_o north-wales_n the_o next_o action_n that_o pass_v in_o wales_n a.d._n 1227_o be_v somewhat_o rare_a and_o not_o redound_v much_o to_o the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v of_o the_o welsh_a for_o rhys_n fychan_n have_v by_o some_o sinistrous_a mean_n or_o other_o take_v his_o father_n rhys_n gryc_a contrary_a to_o all_o filial_a affection_n and_o duty_n detain_v he_o prisoner_n and_o will_v not_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n till_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n to_o he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n prince_n rhy_n son_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v at_o s._n david_n by_o his_o father_n but_o a_o while_n after_o a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v the_o a.d._n 1228_o welch_n king_n henry_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v a_o violent_a prosecution_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n quarrel_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o make_v all_o that_o country_n for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o march_n he_o encamp_v at_o ceri_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n in_o england_n and_o understanding_n that_o they_o be_v intend_v against_o he_o do_v use_v all_o the_o endeavour_n possible_a to_o make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o meet_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v his_o country_n both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o frequent_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o but_o one_o day_n almost_o the_o whole_a army_n engage_v and_o after_o a_o vigorous_a attack_z of_o both_o side_n the_o english_a at_o last_o get_v the_o worst_a and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v a_o great_a many_o man_n slay_v and_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o latter_a be_v william_n bruce_n reynald_n son_n who_o offer_v for_o his_o ransom_n all_o buelht_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o accept_v of_o but_o king_n henry_n find_v that_o his_o army_n be_v worsted_n in_o this_o rencounter_n think_v it_o best_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v conclude_v lhewelyn_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v pay_v he_o all_o other_o respect_n beside_o that_o of_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n he_o return_v in_o great_a honour_n to_o north-wales_n but_o this_o action_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o lay_v down_o by_o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v that_o this_o skirmish_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a happen_v upon_o a_o other_o account_n for_o the_o garrison_n of_o montgomery_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n to_o enlarge_v a_o certain_a passage_n lead_v through_o a_o wood_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o rob_v and_o kill_v all_o passenger_n begin_v to_o fell_v the_o timber_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o the_o bush_n which_o lessen_v the_o road_n thereby_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o clear_a and_o secure_a the_o welsh_a receive_v intelligence_n of_o this_o come_v present_o upon_o he_o in_o great_a number_n and_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a at_o their_o labour_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o betake_v themselves_o for_o refuge_n into_o the_o castle_n which_o afterward_o have_v first_o cast_v a_o deep_a trench_n about_o it_o they_o smart_o invest_v hâ—bert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o castle_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o send_v present_o to_o king_n henry_n desire_v his_o speedy_a help_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o person_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v arrive_v he_o march_v into_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o growth_n impassable_a and_o for_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o after_o that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o come_v to_o a_o abbey_n call_v cridia_n which_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o take_v for_o refuge_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o find_v it_o a_o very_a convenient_a place_n for_o a_o fortress_n he_o grant_v leave_v to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o but_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v go_v on_o the_o welshman_n gaul_v the_o english_a and_o skirmish_v with_o they_o frequent_o so_o that_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o william_n bruce_n with_o many_o other_o that_o go_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v provision_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o take_v prisoner_n and_o most_o of_o his_o company_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o one_o who_o be_v knight_v a_o few_o day_n before_o see_v some_o of_o his_o fellow_n in_o great_a danger_n rush_v bold_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o a_o manful_a defence_n brave_o lose_v his_o life_n several_a of_o king_n henry_n man_n be_v corrupt_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n take_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n which_o when_o the_o king_n perceive_v and_o find_v withal_o the_o provision_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n he_o be_v force_v to_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a consent_v to_o demolish_v that_o castle_n which_o with_o so_o great_a a_o expense_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v now_o almost_o finish_v upon_o his_o own_o charge_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pay_v only_o three_o thousand_o pound_n towards_o it_o then_o both_o army_n separate_v prince_n lhewelyn_n march_v to_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n leave_v william_n bruce_n prisoner_n with_o the_o welsh_a return_v to_o england_n have_v purchase_v no_o small_a discredit_v in_o this_o expedition_n william_n bruce_n be_v bring_v to_o wales_n and_o there_o have_v a.d._n 1230_o a_o honourable_a confinement_n in_o the_o prince_n his_o palace_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o very_o long_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o princess_n king_n henry_n sister_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v takeâ—_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o adultery_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v forthwith_o about_o the_o same_o time_n lhewelyn_n maelgon_n son_n die_v in_o north-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n and_o maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n his_o son_n in_o south-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o ystratflur_n who_o estate_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n and_o a_o little_a after_o william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n a.d._n 1231_o dye_v one_o that_o ever_o entertain_v a_o
inveterate_a enmity_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o upon_o who_o account_n king_n henry_n have_v chief_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n he_o be_v succeed_v both_o in_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o his_o brother_n richard_n who_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_o incline_v towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o late_a expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o be_v return_v from_o france_n whither_o he_o have_v make_v a_o descent_n to_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n in_o the_o march_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n leave_v his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hubert_n burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o any_o inroad_n which_o the_o welsh_a may_v attempt_v and_o he_o have_v not_o remain_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n have_v enter_v the_o march_n near_o montgomery_n who_o he_o forthwith_o pursue_v and_o set_v upon_o they_o surprize_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n prince_n lhewylyn_n hear_v this_o come_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o fit_v before_o montgomery_n castle_n he_o force_v hubert_n to_o withdraw_v and_o then_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a fate_n attend_v the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n aberhondhy_n rhayadr_n gwy_n caerlheon_n neth_n and_o cydwe_o though_o caerlheon_n hold_v out_o very_o stubborn_o and_o the_o prince_n have_v several_a of_o his_o man_n destroy_v before_o the_o place_n king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o miserable_a desolation_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o successful_o commit_v upon_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o country_n have_v he_o present_o excommunicate_v and_o then_o come_v to_o hereford_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n he_o detach_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n to_o wales_n these_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o a_o friar_n of_o cymer_n unexpected_o as_o they_o think_v fall_v upon_o a_o party_n of_o welsh_a who_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n seem_v to_o fly_v till_o they_o have_v allure_v the_o english_a to_o pursue_v they_o to_o a_o place_n where_o a_o great_a party_n of_o welch_n lie_v in_o ambuscade_n who_o rush_v of_o a_o sudden_a upon_o the_o english_a put_v they_o in_o such_o a_o confusion_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o king_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v a_o treacherous_a insinuation_n of_o the_o friar_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v by_o burn_v the_o abbey_n of_o cymer_n but_o the_o prior_n for_o three_o hundred_o mark_n prevent_v it_o and_o so_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n have_v effect_v nothing_o in_o this_o expedition_n beside_o the_o build_n of_o maud_n castle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maelgon_n son_n of_o maelgon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n lay_v siege_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v by_o force_n get_v entry_n into_o the_o town_n he_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n then_o destroy_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o castle_n gate_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v that_o it_o seem_v almost_o impracticable_a to_o take_v it_o in_o any_o short_a time_n but_o maelgon_n be_v join_v by_o his_o cousin_n owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n most_o experience_a officer_n â—e_z break_v down_o the_o bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o â—hen_o invest_v the_o castle_n more_o close_o he_o so_o batter_a â—nd_n undermine_v it_o that_o he_o become_v in_o a_o little_a time_n master_n of_o it_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o descent_n a.d._n 1232_o upon_o england_n and_o have_v commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n upon_o the_o border_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o a_o rich_a booty_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o welsh_a for_o these_o grievous_a devastation_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n into_o england_n demand_v a_o very_a great_a subsidy_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o his_o expedition_n to_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n randulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o john_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n but_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n be_v in_o expectation_n of_o king_n henry_n come_n thither_o begin_v to_o repair_v and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o particular_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n rebuilt_a radnor_n castle_n a.d._n 1233_o which_o the_o prince_n have_v late_o destroy_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n intend_v a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o brecknock_n destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n throughout_o the_o country_n except_v brecknock_n castle_n which_o hold_v out_o so_o manful_o that_o after_o a_o month_n sit_v before_o it_o he_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n in_o his_o return_n to_o north-wales_n he_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o clûn_n recoverâ—â—_n all_o that_o country_n call_v dyffryn_n tefeidiat_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o john_n fitz-alan_n destroy_v red_a castle_n in_o powy_n and_o burn_v oswestry_n but_o what_o happen_v very_o fortunate_o to_o the_o welsh_a richard_n marshal_v earl_n of_o pembroke_n be_v fall_v at_o variance_n with_o king_n henry_n take_v part_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o who_o join_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n who_o have_v late_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o devizes_n where_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o article_n of_o information_n bring_v against_o he_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n attend_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n come_v to_o s._n david_n and_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n slay_v every_o one_o thaâ—_n own_v any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n gryc_a with_o all_o the_o force_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n quick_o join_v the_o earl_n who_o in_o their_o march_n through_o the_o country_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o caâ—dyff_fw-mi abergevenny_n pencelhy_n blaenlhefyni_n and_o bwlch_n y_fw-fr ddinas_fw-la which_o all_o except_v cardyff_fw-mi they_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o he_o be_v now_o iâ—_n open_a hostility_n against_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o country_n gather_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n consist_v beside_o english_a of_o fleming_n norman_n and_o gascoign_n and_o come_v to_o wales_n he_o encamp_v at_o grosmont_n where_o the_o earl_n with_o the_o welsh_a army_n meet_v he_o but_o when_o the_o english_a will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a oppose_v they_o and_o so_o a_o battle_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o english_a lose_v five_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o their_o infantry_n the_o welsh_a have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o this_o action_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o welsh_a shall_v again_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n which_o counsel_n the_o king_n willing_o hearken_v unto_o and_o so_o he_o return_v for_o england_n the_o english_a be_v withdraw_v the_o earl_n likewise_o decamp_v and_o march_v to_o caermardhyn_n which_o he_o besiege_v but_o after_o three_o month_n in_o vain_a assault_n the_o garrison_n most_o brave_o defend_v the_o place_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n have_v throw_v in_o new_a provision_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n short_o after_o rhys_n gryc_a son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n die_v at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v by_o his_o father_n at_o s._n david_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maelgon_n fychan_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n his_o son_n finish_v trefilan_n castle_n which_o be_v begin_v in_o his_o father_n time_n a.d._n 1234_o king_n henry_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o more_o campaign_n in_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o appoint_v john_n of_o monmouth_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o general_n of_o the_o english_a force_n
warden_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o think_v to_o get_v to_o himself_o a_o eternal_a name_n in_o conquer_a the_o welsh_a raise_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v and_o imagine_v that_o the_o welsh_a can_v not_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n he_o apprehend_v he_o can_v fall_v upon_o the_o earl-marshal_n unexpected_a but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v to_o his_o sorrow_n most_o wide_o mistake_v for_o the_o earl_n have_v receive_v private_a intimation_n of_o his_o design_n hide_v himself_o â—n_o a_o certain_a wood_n by_o which_o the_o english_a be_v to_o march_v and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v so_o far_o the_o welsh_a of_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o great_a shout_n and_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v abscond_v themselves_o in_o they_o fall_v â—pon_o the_o english_a be_v unprovided_a and_o put_v their_o whole_a army_n to_o flight_n they_o slay_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o auxiliary_n john_n of_o monmouth_n himself_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o the_o earl-marshal_n enter_v his_o country_n destroy_v it_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o what_o add_v to_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a prince_n lhewelyn_n in_o the_o week_n after_o epiphany_n join_v the_o earl-marshal_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o from_o the_o confine_n of_o wales_n to_o shrewsbury_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o they_o lay_v in_o ash_n king_n henry_n be_v all_o this_o while_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n at_o gloucester_n and_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a power_n or_o courage_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n dare_v not_o take_v the_o field_n of_o which_o be_v at_o length_n perfect_o ashamed_a he_o remove_v to_o winchester_n leave_v the_o march_n naked_a to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o now_o there_o be_v no_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n from_o the_o english_a the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o geoffrey_n de_fw-fr marisco_n transport_v his_o army_n into_o ireland_n think_v to_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o irish_a he_o be_v unfortunate_o slay_v through_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o so_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n descend_v to_o his_o brother_n gilbert_n but_o king_n henry_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o force_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o submission_n and_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a of_o continual_a war_n and_o incessant_a hostility_n think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o make_v some_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o depute_v edmund_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n coventry_n and_o lichfield_n and_o chester_n to_o treat_v with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n about_o a_o peace_n when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o return_n from_o this_o negotiation_n be_v at_o woodstock_n he_o be_v certify_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n which_o he_o take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o present_o melt_v into_o tear_n be_v afflict_v for_o the_o death_n of_o so_o great_a a_o person_n who_o he_o open_o declare_v have_v not_o leave_v his_o second_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n go_v from_o thence_o to_o gloucester_n he_o meet_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n who_o deliver_v to_o he_o the_o appendix_n the_o see_v the_o appendix_n form_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o he_o will_v not_o conclude_v unless_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n who_o be_v confederated_a with_o he_o and_o by_o evil_a counsel_n be_v exile_v shall_v be_v recall_v and_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o archbishop_n further_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o what_o difficulty_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o this_o conclusion_n be_v sometime_o force_v to_o add_v threaten_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n with_o his_o clergy_n to_o which_o menace_n the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v answer_v that_o he_o bear_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o king_n charity_n and_o piety_n than_o he_o do_v fear_v his_o arm_n or_o dread_v his_o clergy_n but_o the_o king_n who_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o a_o peace_n ready_o consent_v to_o what_o the_o prince_n require_v and_o therefore_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o letter_n recall_v all_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o exile_v require_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o gloucester_n upon_o sunday_n next_o before_o ascension_n day_n where_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o pardon_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o estate_n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n who_o for_o his_o disobedient_a and_o restless_a humour_n he_o have_v detain_v in_o close_a prison_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi of_o melienydh_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o be_v quick_o follow_v by_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o belove_v and_o a.d._n 1235_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n by_o his_o brother_n rhys_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v dye_v owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n of_o cydewen_n and_o not_o long_o after_o he_o madawc_n 1236._o a._n d._n 1236._o the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n mayelor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirk_n and_o yale_n who_o be_v bury_v at_o the_o abbey_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n or_o vale_fw-la crucis_fw-la which_o he_o have_v build_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o son_n call_v gruffydh_n who_o succeed_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o these_o lordship_n a_o little_a after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n get_v by_o treachery_n marchen_a castle_n which_o belong_v to_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n and_o fortify_v the_o same_o very_o strong_o for_o fear_v of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n the_o next_o spring_n joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n and_o princess_n of_o wales_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v a.d._n 1237_o bury_v according_a to_o her_o own_o desire_n upon_o the_o seashore_n at_o a_o place_n call_v lhanfaes_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n where_o the_o prince_n in_o memory_n of_o she_o afterward_o found_v a_o religious_a house_n for_o the_o order_n of_o mendicant-friar_n about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o die_v john_n scot_n earl_n of_o chester_n without_o any_o issue_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o king_n seize_v that_o earldom_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n hugh_n lupus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n who_o come_v over_o to_o england_n with_o the_o conqueror_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o chester_n and_o sword-bearer_n of_o england_n habendum_fw-la &_o tenendum_fw-la dictum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ita_fw-la liberè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la totam_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a county_n of_o chester_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n so_o free_o and_o secure_o as_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o five_o descent_n randulph_n bohun_n come_v to_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n who_o be_v uncle_n to_o this_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n this_o randulph_n have_v several_a encounter_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v in_o continual_a agitation_n against_o he_o but_o once_o more_o particular_o meet_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o inability_n to_o withstand_v he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n which_o the_o prince_n present_o besiege_v randulph_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n send_v to_o roger_n lacie_n constable_n of_o chester_n request_v he_o to_o raise_v what_o strength_n he_o can_v possible_a and_o come_v to_o succour_v he_o in_o this_o extremity_n wherefore_o lacie_n have_v receive_v this_o express_a call_v to_o he_o present_o all_o his_o friend_n desire_v they_o to_o make_v all_o the_o endeavour_n imaginable_a to_o rescue_v the_o earl_n from_o that_o imminent_a danger_n which_o so_o severe_o threaten_v he_o at_o who_o request_n ralph_n dutton_n his_o son_n in_o law_n a_o valorous_a youth_n assemble_v together_o all_o the_o player_n and_o musician_n and_o such_o as_o then_o be_v fair-time_n have_v meet_v to_o make_v merry_a and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o constable_n he_o forthwith_o march_v to_o ruthlan_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o deliver_v the_o earl_n from_o all_o his_o fear_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o service_n the_o earl_n grant_v the_o constable_n several_a freedom_n and_o privilege_n and_o to_o dutton_n the_o roll_a and_o order_v all_o player_n and_o musician_n within_o the_o say_a country_n to_o be_v
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n and_o ask_v he_o with_o what_o confidence_n he_o dare_v invade_v his_o prerogative_n by_o assume_v the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n without_o his_o authority_n sir_n tudor_n reply_v that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o king_n arthur_n he_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o take_v upon_o himself_o that_o title_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v those_o three_o qualification_n which_o whosoever_o be_v endue_v with_o can_v by_o those_o law_n claim_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o knight_n 1._o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n 2._o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n and_o 3._o he_o be_v valiant_a and_o adventurous_a add_v this_o withal_o if_o my_o valour_n and_o hardiness_n be_v doubt_v of_o lo_o here_o i_o throw_v down_o my_o glove_n and_o for_o due_a proof_n of_o my_o courage_n i_o be_o ready_a to_o fight_v with_o any_o man_n whatever_o he_o be_v the_o king_n appprove_v and_o like_v well_o the_o man_n forwardness_n and_o resolution_n be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o he_o from_o this_o sir_n tudor_n lineal_o descend_v henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n the_o son_n of_o sir_n owen_n tudor_n son_n to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o this_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gono_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n richard_z bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n be_v but_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o havering_n at_o bower_n on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o november_n and_o in_o the_o a.d._n 1377_o 50th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o his_o grandfather_n reign_n who_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n henry_n bear_v at_o monmouth_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n in_o the_o one_a year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o westminster_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o english_a crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o whilst_o richard_n the_o second_o reign_v one_o owen_z ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi fychan_n descend_v of_o a_o young_a son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n be_v not_o a_o little_a famous_a this_o owen_n have_v his_o education_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inns-of-court_n where_o he_o become_v barister_n at_o law_n and_o afterward_o in_o very_o great_a favour_n and_o credit_n serve_v king_n richard_n and_o continue_v with_o he_o at_o flint_n castle_n till_o at_o length_n the_o king_n be_v take_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n betwixt_o this_o owen_n and_o reginald_n lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a difference_n touch_v a_o common_a lie_v between_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n whereof_o reginald_n be_v owner_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o glyndowrdwy_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o owen_n whence_o he_o borrow_v the_o name_n of_o glyndwr_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o owen_n as_o be_v a_o courtier_n and_o in_o no_o mean_a esteem_n with_o the_o king_n do_v overpower_v reginald_n who_o be_v neither_o so_o well_o befriend_v at_o court_n nor_o belove_v in_o the_o country_n as_o owen_n be_v but_o after_o king_n richard_n deposal_n the_o scene_n be_v alter_v and_o reginald_n as_o then_o better_o befriend_v than_o owen_n enter_v upon_o the_o common_a which_o occasion_v owen_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o make_v his_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o he_o for_o thus_o divest_v he_o of_o his_o right_n no_o redress_n be_v find_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n wish_v the_o lord_n to_o take_v care_n that_o by_o thus_o slight_v his_o complaint_n they_o do_v not_o irritate_fw-la and_o provoke_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o insurrection_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n reply_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fear_v those_o rascally_a barefooted_n people_n glyndwr_n therefore_o perceive_v how_o his_o petition_n be_v slight_v in_o parliament_n and_o find_v no_o other_o method_n to_o redress_v himself_o have_v several_a friend_n and_o follower_n put_v himself_o in_o arm_n against_o reginald_n and_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o field_n overcome_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o spoil_v his_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n upon_o this_o many_o resort_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n of_o wales_n some_o think_v he_o to_o be_v in_o as_o great_a favour_n now_o as_o in_o king_n richard_n day_n other_o put_v in_o his_o head_n that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v come_v when_o the_o britain_n by_o his_o mean_n may_v again_o recover_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o reginald_n be_v thus_o keep_v prisoner_n and_o very_o severe_o handle_v by_o owen_n to_o terrify_v he_o into_o compliance_n with_o he_o in_o his_o rebellious_a act_n and_o not_o permit_v to_o have_v his_o liberty_n under_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n whereof_o six_o thousand_o to_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n martin_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o elder_a son_n with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o hostage_n for_o the_o remainder_n the_o king_n at_o the_o humble_a suit_n of_o reginald_n see_v no_o other_o way_n for_o his_o enlargement_n give_v way_n thereto_o authorise_v sir_n william_n de_fw-fr roos_n sir_n richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n sir_n william_n de_fw-fr willughby_n sir_n william_n le_fw-fr zouche_n sir_n hugh_n huls_n as_o also_o john_n harvey_n william_n vaus_n john_n lee_n john_n langford_n thomas_n payne_n and_o john_n elnestow_v to_o treat_v with_o owen_n and_o his_o council_n and_o to_o conclude_v in_o what_o they_o shall_v conceive_v most_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v for_o his_o redemption_n whereupon_o they_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o sum_n demand_v by_o glyndwr_n for_o his_o deliverance_n the_o king_n give_v licence_n to_o robert_n braybroke_n bishop_n of_o london_n as_o also_o to_o sir_n gerard_n braybroke_n the_o father_n and_o sir_n gerard_n the_o son_n than_o feoffee_n of_o divers_a lordship_n for_o this_o reginald_n to_o sell_v the_o manor_n of_o hertelegh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n towards_o the_o raise_n of_o that_o money_n and_o for_o the_o better_a enable_v he_o to_o pay_v so_o great_a a_o fine_a the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o whereas_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o such_o person_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n in_o ireland_n and_o do_v not_o there_o reside_v shall_v for_o such_o their_o neglect_n forfeit_v two_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n that_o notwithstanding_o this_o act_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v nothing_o for_o nonresidence_n there_o during_o the_o term_n of_o six_o year_n next_o ensue_v this_o good_a success_n over_o the_o lord_n grace_n together_o with_o the_o numerous_a resort_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o he_o and_o the_o favourable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merdhyn_n which_o some_o construe_v very_o advantagioussy_a make_v the_o swell_a mind_n of_o glyndwr_n overflow_v its_o bank_n and_o give_v he_o some_o hope_n of_o restore_v this_o island_n back_o to_o the_o britain_n wherefore_o he_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n who_o meet_v he_o with_o a_o numerous_a party_n of_o hereford-shire_n man_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o close_v the_o welshman_n prove_v too_o powerful_a and_o have_v kill_v above_o a_o thousand_o man_n of_o the_o english_a they_o take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n king_n henry_n upon_o this_o be_v frequent_o request_v to_o ransom_n the_o earl_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o whether_o by_o reason_n that_o mortimer_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o himself_o he_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n in_o blood_n after_o king_n richard_n who_o be_v as_o yet_o live_v or_o because_o of_o some_o other_o private_a odium_fw-la the_o king_n will_v
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o