her King and elder Brother Henry and conjures them also to loyalty to throw away all private Interests and Factions and conclude in a firm peace and union The Confederates perceiving that they wanted an Head and so a main pretence to countenance their Arms to the people and that whatever they had hitherto gained was more by their dissembling then strength that also the Pope Paul II had censured them if they continued in open wars For King Henry was held an obedient son to the Bishops of Rome for which Calixtus III had sent him formerly an Hat and a consecrated Sword which they use to bless upon Christmas-Eve at night laying them upon the Altar where they say Mass And farther they recollected that upon Henries death Isabella was like to be Queen whereby they could procure no favour or benefit to themselves by opposing her peaceable desires Upon these considerations they consented to an Agreement so Articles are drawn up a Peace concluded on Donna Isabella is declared Princess of the c Las Asturias formerly of a larger extent is now â— little Province between Galicia Leon and Biscay lying upon the Cantabrian sea 'T is twofold Asturia de Oâ—iedo and Astur de Santillana As the Heirs of England are called Princes of Wales and those of France les Dauphins so are those to the Crown of Castile call'd Princes of the Asturias Upon what occasion this â—hort Scheme may shew Alphonso XI had amongst other Children Henry a Bastard Earl of Transâ—amara took the Kingdom from the Tyrant Pedro and stab'd him with his dagger he had John I. who had Henry III. Don Pedro el Cruel had amongst others a bastard call'd Constancia she was marryed to John of Gant Duke of Lancaster son to Edward III King of England Upon the death of Don Pedro sirnamed the Cruel though his bastard-Brother Henry II. seised upon the Crown and was acknowledged for King yet John of Gant Duke of Lancaster pretended the right to lye in him by reason of his Wife Constance and made some bustle about it Henry dying there succeeded his son John I. with whom and Lancaster a peace was concluded Lancaster to renounce all his Title to Castile and King John to marry his son Henry to Lancaster's Daughter Catherine which accordingly was accompish'd so both their pretensions united And for more honour Don Henry the young son was to be call'd Prince of the Asturias since which time the eldest sons of Castile were call'd Princes and the younger are titled Infantas This hapned about the year 1388. And so much by the way concerning the Title of Prince of Asturias yet do I finde Jehan Froissart who lived at this time to tell us that Henry was call'd Prince of Gallicia in his French Edition 1530. vol. 3. fol. 96. and fol. 143. In the old English Edition vol. 2. cap. 154. fol. 170. and cap. 176. fol. 214. Asturias and lawful Heir to the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon with their dependants What troubles hapned in Castile after this treaty being not considerable I shall pass over Donna Isabella now declared Heir several matches were consulted of but she secretly joyned her self with Don Fernando Prince of Girona and the eldest son living to John II King of Arragon At this marriage King Henry was greatly vext as being contrary to his desire and without his knowledge But at the long run the King becomes more pacified and at last a 1474. dying she succeeds as Queen of Castile and Leon although some busled for Joane the supposed Daughter of King Henry but she is generally thrown by as a bastard being begot of his Queen Joane by one Don Bertrand de la Cueva afterwards prefer'd for his kindness being created Earl of Ledesma Master of Santiago and Duke of Albuquerque As for Henry himself he is by all esteem'd as frigid and uncapable of such loves Not long after John II King of Arragon b 1479. dying that Kingdom was united to Castile by the fortunate former marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella Here might I descend into the troubles of Navar and tell how Don Carlos Prince of Viana took up Arms against his Father John King of Navar and Arragon Upon which quarrel began the great Factions of those of Beaumont and Grammont the first adhering to the Prince and the latter to the King and the feuds of these two potent Families was one of the main causes of the loss of Navar to the Spaniard those of Beaumont assisting Don Ferdinand in the conquest against their own King and Country Of which more hereafter In short the Prince being not able to keep the field withdrew himself to Naples for sometime thence returns endeavours new troubles upon which he is taken and secuâ—ed Upon this the Catalonians rebel and though Prince Carlos was set at liberty and c Some say he was poyson'd by his Step mother D. Joane to make way for heâ—â—â—son Ferdinando to the Crown of Arragon dyed presently after yet they continue their Treasons The people of Barcelona publickly declare King John an Enemy to his Country and so they would withdraw themselves from his obedience And the Catalonians sent to Henry IV. of Castile to desire him to take them under his protection they being resolved no more to obey the Crown of Arragon Don Henry accepts them so they set up the Banners of Castile At last after a tedious War they are vanquish'd forced to submit and King John giveth them all freely a pardon But of Spain more in the next Century A CONTINUATION OF THE REBELLIONS AND Treasonablepractices OF THE ROMANISTS Particularly in Spain Scotland and Ireland From the year MD. to MDC BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived 2. Pope Julius II. Sect. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived THe Conquest of Navar being acted suddenly we year 1500 shall make the story of it but very short At the beginning of this Century we finde John d'Albret or Don Juan de la Brit and Donna Catherina King and Queen of Navar which had boasted it self a Kingdom almost DCCC years Ferdinand II King of Arragon having by his marrying with Isabella Queen of Castile enlarged his Authority and Dominions as also by his banishing the Jews and subduing the Moores to him in Granado made his Government more secure cast many a greedy a Jo. de Bussieres lib. 15. § 16. Spondan an 1512. § 21. thought upon the seising the Kingdom of Navar and then all of Spain Portugal excepted would be his own At last opportunity good enough as he thought offer'd it self which was thus Pope Julius II. a zealous Hotspur falling out with Lewis XII King of France Fernando sides with the Pope and having rais'd an Army not onely demands passage for it through Albrets Territories but the command of his strongest Castles and Fortifications and which was most the possession and custody of Prince Henry eldest son to Navar
at Lyons 1549. This Taxa was also then publish'd f Tract Illust Tom. 16. amongst them And though Claudius Espencaeus the famous Sorbonne-Doctor was so ashamed of this Book to be thus by Authority so publickly printed and sold that he solemnly a Liber palam ac publicè hic Impressus hodieque ut olim venalis Cl. Espenc Com. in Titum cap. 1. Digres 2. complaineth against it yet he gain'd nothing by it but the ill-will of the Grandees of the Roman Religion those his Comments upon Titus being call'd to an account by their Index Expurgatorius and this passage against their Taxa commanded to be dasht out lest it may be it should discredit their ware and so spoil their Trade and Market And afterwards when these foresaid Tractatus Illustrium were by the command of Pope Gregory XIII augmented and by the care of Franciscus Zilettus publish'd at Venice 1584 this Taxa was also b Tom. 15. part 1. fol 368 c. reprinted and with the rest dedicated and presented to the said Pope These several Editions and probably some others of this Taxa publish'd by Authority of the Romanists themselves take off all Replies as if it might be a cheat and to this may be added that the Learned c De Tyran Papae p. 544 545 546 547. Laurentius Banck who also of late reprinted this Taxa with his Notes upon it doth assure us that to his knowledge and eye-sight the same pardons and abuses are at this day publickly practised at Rome And it is not unworth the observation that though of late Pope Alexander VII hath in his Index Expurgatorius placed the Taxa yet he excepts nothing against the foresaid Editions or those printed by the Romanists but onely against that lately put forth with Bancks his d V. Taxa Notes or Annotations or which have been corrupted by e V. Praxis Hereticks though I think it would puzzle him to prove any such corruptions Thus you see you may name your sin and pardon is to be had at a small rate nay they have been so kinde that rather then want your custom they have sold Pardons for Sixpence a Groat or Twopence a game at Tennis a Cup of Ale and with some kinde-natured Women they have made more pleasant bargains And here for the honour of these Money pardons a merry story or two should not be taken amiss In the time of Leo X Mart. Chemnit 〈◊〉 Concil Tâ—dent part 4 de Indulg Oâ—hâ— Miland Jocâ—-seti◠§ 44. Tetzelius was sent into Germany with multitude of Pardons to advance money for the Pope which were then first opposed by Luther 'T is said that this Tetzelius affirm'd that he could also pardon sins to come whereupon a German Gentleman bought such an one of him and afterwards rob'd the Dominican Pardoner Tetzelius threatning him the Gentleman pleads he had bought his Pardon for it declaring that was the sin he determin'd to commit to which Tetzelius could not reply About the same time a Shooe-makers Wife buyeth a Pardon in which was expresly indulged her that her soul should fly to Heaven as soon as she was dead At last the woman dyeth and is buryed but her Husband giveth nothing to the Priest to pray Wulph Muscul loci communes pag. 394. her soul out of Purgatory Whereupon the Shooe-maker is accused to the Magistrate who chides him for having no care of his Wives soul the fellow pleads that there is no need for any Mass for it seeing her soul was in Heaven before she was buryed for proof of which he sheweth the Popes Pardon a Testimony so Authentick that they durst neither deny it or the Pontifick Authority whereby the Cobler came off clear But another story I meet with where the Judge being a party he was not so honest in his determination in short thus A German Mat. Flav. Iâ—leric de Sâ—ctis Pap. pag. 220. Gentleman according to his Fathers will paid yearly such a sâ—m to a Neighbouring Monastery that the Monks therein should pray for the deliverance of his Fathers soul out of Purgatory At last the Gentleman understanding that they brag'd that they had Pardons which could deliver any soul he buys one of them for his Fathers soul which for more certainty was confirm'd by their Monasteries Seal and subscrib'd by their General and themselves Thus being cock-sure of the happiness of his Fathers soul he refused afterwards to pay them the Annual Stipend he used formerly to do whereupon the Monks appeal to the Bishop who gravely Decreeth that the Gentleman must continue the payment though his Fathers soul were quit from Purgatory by the former Pardon But because some may be unwilling to trudge as far as Rome for Pardons or to go any whither else upon suchlike Pilgrimages and others either through poverty or covetousness may grudge to give any thing for their Absolutions which they suppose should be given them freely therefore the Popes good souls not willing to give the least discontent to any of their Children have out of their good nature and fulness of Authority afforded them Pardon and Heaven at as easie and lazie a rate as heart could wish and they need not question the Authority of their Popes seeing 't is a sure Rule that when his Holyness giveth Plenary Absolution a Quando Papa concedit plenariam Absolutionem intelligitur quod absolvit tam à culpa quam à poena quoad omnia peccata quantumque enormissima Vid. Domin Card. Tusch Practicarum Conclusionum juris Tom. 4. v. Indulgent § 6. It is to be understood that he absolveth as well from the Punishment as the sin be the sin never so great or abominable And as for these so frankly and freely bestowed Indulgences for the honour and comfort of the English-Romanist I shall go no farther for them then the Horae Beatae Virginis Mariae And this according as it was used at Salisbury and in this I shall onely follow the Edition of Paris 1527 because the greatest cost and care hath been taken in that Impression both for Pictures and Ornaments of any I have yet seen And now bless your eyes and behold the Popes Treasure open'd Pardon for days Vid. Fol. 165. a. Pope John XXII hath granted to them that shall say this Prayer Ave Fol. 73. a. caro Christi caro c. at the Elevation pardon for 100 days Pope Celestine hath granted to them that shall say in honour of Fol. 58. a. the B. Virgin this Prayer Ave mundi spes Maria c. pardon for 300 days Pope John XXII hath granted them that shall say this Prayer Fol. 61. b. Stabat Mater dolorosa c. pardon for 300 days Pope Anastasius hath granted to them that say this prayer Domine Fol. 84. a. Jesu Christe c. pardon for 500 days Pope John XXII hath granted them that say this prayer Anima Fol. 72. b. Christi Sanctifica me
from him our Holinshed I shall say nothing here to the killing of Duncan by Makpender Earl of Mercia nor of the imprisonment of Donald the putting out of his eyes and miserable death in prison because their Titles may be questioned Nor shall I travel more Northward and inlarge upon the g An. 1088. Murder of King Canute of Denmark whilst he was at his Devotions nor enter upon the more frozen parts to insist upon the treacherous end of Ingo the Fourth King of Scotland because Religion was not there in a setled condition Sect. 3. The clashing of Popes and the Emperours power over them at Elections BUt if I would trouble my self at the very Fountain of their Religion viz. Rome we might here shew that obedience yeilds place to sedition and how troubled their Champions are to finde out an Infallible and true Vicar Here might I tell at large how Platina and some others declare Pope Sylvester the Second to be a Magician and to have kept correspondence with the Devil though others at large Apologize for him nor shall I interest my self in the dispute Here could I amuze the honest Roman Catholick by telling him that Benedict the Ninth was once held for the Infallible Head of their Church and yet was but a a Baron an 1033. § 6. boy of ten or twelve years old And here might we puzzle their Succession and make them pump and invent Reasons for a true Pope when at the same time this Benedict said he was Pope Sylvester the Third assured the World that he was Christ's Vicar and also one John affirm'd that he was the onely man that was S. Peters true Successor and every one of these Popes had many Followers And to make up the wonder and number Gregory the Sixth with money hired these men to lay down the Cudgels and so made himself Pope also which Title and Honour he was over-perswaded to yeild up by a b Genebrard Cron. p. 865. Council and yet this man must be a true Pope and no way tainted with Simony and to him by the consent of the Emperour succeeded Clement the Second who being poysoned Benedict the Ninth the third time entred into the Papal Chair but the Emperour hearing of these troubles sent Poppo Bishop of Brescia to Rome who was chosen and succeeded as Pope though his Raign was but short But be it short or long their Authors are here in open War about the legality of his Rule c An. 1048. § 1. Baronius and some others making him legally elected and so a true Pope On the other hand Platina d Pag. 867. Genebrard and some others declare him to be an intruder and so no true Pope And what must be the foundation of his crime but because the Emperour had an interest in his promotion though if this Argument will hold any water they will quite break to pieces the Line of their Succession by throwing aside many Popes formerly elected or confirmed by Emperours and other secular Potentates But fight Dog fight Bear I shall not trouble my self to reconcile them Yet though they now seem so dapperly against the Temporal Authority it is not unworth the notice that no sooner was this Damasus first call'd Poppo dead but the Cardinals and other Romans sent into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to appoint them a new Pope who accordingly sent them Leo the Ninth and whatsoever they tell for excuse of Leo's changing his Opinion at the perswasion of Hildebrand is not much to the purpose since it appears that they durst not refuse him and Hildebrand's policy if true was but a meer trick and juggle And this practice will better appear by the next Vicar for no Platina sooner was Leo dead but the Clergy and others of Rome sent Hildebrand into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to give Baron an 1054. § 53. them a Pope who accordingly yeilded to grant them Victor the Second who by the Imperial Order was elected at Mentz and thence sent to Rome And thus humbly they behaved themselves to the Emperour that they might not offend him nor break their Oaths and Duty which they had made to him And something to this purpose we finde a little after for this Victor the Second and Stephanus the Ninth being dead some at Rome elected and declared for Pope Benedict the Tenth But the Chief of the Romans sent presently an excuse to the Emperour protesting that for their parts they would keep their Allegiance and not acknowledge any Coeffeteau p. 644 645. for Pope but whom he approved of and therefore desired him to send to Rome for Pope whom he pleased who accordingly sent them Nicholas the Second and so Benedict the Tenth was thrust from the Chair as not capable of that honour because he had intruded himself into that Dignity a Qui sine jussu Regis Principum Lamb. Schafnaburg Hist Germ. an 1059. Edict Francof 1583. Qui injussu Regis c. Edict Tubing 15. 33. without the approbation of the Emperour and other Princes But we need not trouble our selves here with many Examples of the secular Authority in the Popes Election having formerly in several other places as they fell in my way hinted at the practice and besides all at this very time they cannot but confess that the very Romans yeilded up their interest in the Election of Popes Genebrard pag. 866. Coqnaeus p. 505. Sigebert an 1046. and gave it to the Emperour and which is more both in Gregory the Sixth's time and Clement the Second his time ingaged themselves by Oath to the Emperour never to chuse or consecrate any for Pope but whom he should approve of and consent to CHAP. II. The troubles and deposing of the Emperour Henry the Fourth by the pride of Pope Gregory the Seventh and other Incendiaries SHould I trouble my self to reconcile all the exceptions that might belong to this Chapter I should be Voluminous to a wonder and possibly not satisfie the Reader But to leave such Disputes in short the question is betwixt the Emperour Henry the Fourth and Pope Gregory the Seventh which of them was in the right and which to blame though one may affirm without offence that both of them had their faults yet Goldastus and from him of late Father a Remonst Hybern part 2. p. 89 90 c. part 5. p. 1 2 c. Caron hath taken a great deal of pains to vindicate the Emperour whilst Gretserus is as large in his several Apologies for the Pope whither I shall refer the curious for farther satisfaction And it was no small misery to Christendom that the Emperour being very young the Popes acted what they pleas'd without controul though at last they drive on so furiously that instead of making the Empire happy by tranquillity they procured its ruine by fomenting new troubles and rebellions For whereas formerly the Emperours had the main hand in making Popes and the
and all these as a security of Albrets good behaviour to him and to be restored again when Ferdinando thought good King John thought these demands unreasonable justly suspecting a difficulty of ever outing the Castilians if they were once so strongly setled in his Dominions especially at this time when the Factions of the two Families Gramont and Beaumont had made some disturbance with him at home and the last of them wishing too well to Fernando Add to this there was no necessity of such demands for passage seeing they might march several ways into France without troubling Navar. Thus Albret fearing the worst by smelling out the designe thought to strengthen himself by joyning interests with the French King The backwardness of Navar being known Pope Julio falls a Bulling with the consent of his Cardinals declaring John d'Albret and Catherine his Wife with their Posterity for Hereticks and Schismaticks so deprived of all Royal Dignity and Honour freely giving their Kingdom and Dominions to Ferdinand or any that will take the pains to have them Ferdinand now thinking that the Popes blessing and cursing gave him right and title good enough to the Kingdom And having his Army ready in Alava a little Province between Biscay and Navar made it march on a sudden under the command of Don Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva Grand-father to Don Fernando d'Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alva so noted in the Netherlandish Histories and who after that in a little time conquer'd Portugal to the obedience of his Master Philip II. For the Narrative of which I shall refer those that desire to read it to Jeronimo Conestaggio of Genuoa But the Portugais 1640 make quicker work in regaining of it from Philip IV. And so they might without a wonder if they surpass the Castilians so much in courage as b Antonio de Sousa de Macedo relates it a Lusitania liber l. 3. c. 9. But to return the Castilians made such haste that they entred Navar before Albret expected them which so amazed his unprovided Court that he presently b July 22. 1512. fled for it into France leaving his Queen Children and People to shift for themselves All hopes thus lost the Queen with her son Prince Henry and three Daughters two days after quits Pamplona to follow her husband whom having overtaken she thus amongst other speeches tartly upbraids c O Roy vous demeuâ—erez Jean d'Albret ne pensez plus au Royaume de Navatre d'Autant que pour avoir esté superfluement boâ— vous en avez esté moins estimé des vostres vous estes pardu vous vostre Royaume L. de Mayerne l. 25. pag. 1191. O Roy vous demeurez Jean d'Albret ne penses plus au Royaume de Navarre que vous avez perdu par vostre nonchalance Olhagaray p. 455. O King King thou shalt remain John d'Albret and never think more of the Kingdom of Navar for that having been superfiuously good you have been the less esteem'd of your subjects and have undone your self and your Realm Thus the Kingdom of Navar became an easie prey to Ferdinando from which time it hath continued an Appendix to the Crown of Spain whilst the French are forced to be content with its empty title As for Albret though he was a lover of splendour and learning himself being well skill'd in Heraldry and a great Collector of Books for his Libraries yet he made himself cheap by being two good-natur'd and too familiar even with the meanest of his Subjects so that when it came to a stress his former freedom rendred his name of Majesty contemptible Nor gain'd he a little Ill-will by his wholly affecting the French modes and humours too light and Airy for a Mountanous rough-hewn people especially such who breath nothing but the Spanish air but which was most his preferring many Strangers or Forreigners not onely by giving them good Estates but by intrusting them with the greatest Offices and Places in his Kingdom whereby the Natives grumbled to see themselves so neglected and sleighted To these we might add the Factions amongst the Nobility but that which was the fountain of all was his giving of himself up so much to his a Vid. Michel Baudier Hist du Cardinal Ximenes pag. 106 107. pleasures that he wholly neglected the Government not troubling himself with the management of any thing in it nor caring how things went right or wrong so they would but let him alone to his own fancie so thus like some other Kings he had the Title others the sway and Authority so that he himself lost nothing by the want of these his Dominions seeing he carryed the name of King along with him whilst the Spaniard took the trouble and care of Government upon him And all such are but pictures of Kings Francis I. King of France who succeeded Lewis XII to whom our Albret fled who for his great love and care to the Church Learning and his people is so renown'd by all Historians upon his death-bed with his blessing gave his son Henry II. these two Rules First fear God Then be careful for the good of your subjects Upon which excellent advice the famous French Antiquary Lawyer and Poet Steven Pasquier by the folly of Latinizing names call'd Paschasius compos'd this following Epigram Nato haec Franciscus dixisse novissima verba St. Paschas Epigram lib. 5. vid. Delit. Poet. Gal. vol. 2. pag. 971. Fertur in gemitus prosiluisse pios Imprimis venerare Deum Charissime Fili Mox tibi sit Populi cura suprema tui Dixit occubuit Duo ne Praecepta putato In duo peccat qui peccat in alterutrum Nam cui nulla Dei cuâ—a est nec cura suorum est Et cui non populi est cura nec ulla Dei est Frances whilst death was closing his heavenward eyes Bequeath'd unto his Heir thus his advice First worship God dear son Then see you bend Your ways as most to your subjects good may tend This said he dyed Nor think these Rules but two For who breaks one must break the other too Since who loves not God loves not his own affair And who slights his peoples good for God can't care Thus was Albret the loss of himself and Kingdom it being a certain Rule that subjects take their influence from the actions of their Princes an active vigorous and valiant King infusing courage into his meanest vassal whilst the negligent and effeminate and all such are observed to be too good natur'd and so negligent which in a King is worse then tyranny renders the people unactive and though jealous yet careless which stupidity makes them more stubborn because they see themselves tyrannized over and abused by such base-spirited cringing favourites as usually domineer under the Protection of such breathing Statues of Kingship But to return And yet who can be but troubled at the sad fortune of poor Albret who dyed of grief