with his Standard and so escaped by swimming as the Lord of Oloagui had also done who came vnto the king their Lord and related the entertaynment they had found at Logrogno whereat he did not maruaile as hauing fore-seene though too late what would succeed notwithstanding he was much discontented for he had lost many good men By this attempt the peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre was plainely broken The king Don Henry being at Seuile VVar beâ—wixt Castile and Nauarre was aduertised of all that had past and dispatched his sonne Don Iohn a Prince in the flower of his age desirous of honour and fame who raysed an armie to enter suddenly into Nauarre King Charles beeing aduertised of these preparations hauing consulted with his Estates he passed to Bourdeaux to craue ayde of the English The King of Nauar â—ath recourse vnto the English who had then some suspension of armes with the French Richard the 2. being newly come to the Crowne the which fell out happily for him who returned with 600. lances English and Gascons vnder the command of Thomas Treâ—et an Englishman and the Seigneur of Berbecin a Gascon to employ them in the war against Castile An. 1378. the which was very violent that yeare 1378. The king of Nauar had placed garrisons in all the fronter townes the English at Tudele with their Captain the Gascons at Estella the Segneur of Seres a Nauarrois at S. Vincent he put other good Captaines into Viane Arcos Lerin Sanguessa and other places the charges of which war were so great as hee wasted all his treasure so as his sonne Charles coming to raigne he found not one ducat in his fathers coffers Thomas Treuet the English Captaine was slaine in the towne of Puente la Reyna by the inhabitants by reason of some insolencies D. Iohn Infant of Castile hauing drawne together about 4000. lances and a number of foot out of Biscay and Guipuscoa entred in arms into Nauar being accompanied by D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena and earle of Denia D. Aâ—phonso of Vruegna D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara Princes of the bloud of Castile D. Ruy Diaz of Rojas Gouernor of Guipuscoa with other Noblemen and Captaines of note They made a shew to beseege Saint Vincent but the place being strong both by nature and art Expâ—oites of Dâ— Ioâ—n and the Castillan aâ—my in Nauar and well manned they returned to make a muster at Logrogno where as Don Pedro Henriques ioyned with them and then all together entred into Nauar where they found not any one in field to make resistance for king Charles was retired on this side the mountaines and attended the successe of the warre at Saint Iohn de Pie de port standing onely vpon his defence wherefore the Castillans burnt Larraga Artaxona with many other places euen vnto the ports of Pampelona before which cittie the Castillan armie stayed a whole moneth D. Iohn beeing lodged in the village of Gorraiz during which abode the castle of Thiebes was yeelded vnto Don Pedro Manriques who burnt it It was a castle built by king Thibaud the first as in a place of strength and great safetie they had kept the titles and records of the Realme all which were now burnt to the great preiudice of the Common-wealth Records of Nauarre burnt at Thebâ—s Wherefore is no wonder if many of the antiquities of this Realme be at this day vnknowne Those which yeelded this fort were a knight called Berrio Ruy Diaz of Torres and Solomon Prouoch Captaines to King Charles The Castillans finding that they had not forces sufficient to take Pampelona they dislodged and beseeged Viane which place they tooke by composition after many incounters vpon condition the defendants should haue their liues and goods saued Guarde was also taken Thus the Castillans hauing done all the spoyle they could in the countrie Don Iohn resolued to retire with his armie into Castile before that winter which approched should incommodate him In a certaine incounter which they had with the Gascons Ruy Diaz of Royas was slaine which was the greatest losse the Castillans had in this expedition Don Iohn went to the King Don Henry his father beeing at Toledo to whom hee gaue an accompt of that which he had done and then they came together to Burgos where there was order giuen for a new army to returne into Nauarre in the Spring We find by some remembrances of those times that the king of Nauar complained much of many knights which had not shewed themselues faithfull in this war yea hauing bin called home by him from banishment graced and restored to their honours and charges among the which is named Don Ramir Sanches of Asiayn and Don Iohn Ramir of Areillan the younger these with some more retired themselues one after another to the king of Castile where they found a kind and gracious reception in stead of the harshnesse and rigour of King Charles so as in those dayes the Nobility of Nauarre was much decayed and in a maner extinct King Charles beeing on this side the mountaines his Realme was gouerned by Iohn of Presnay a knight of France and his Chamberlaine who aduertised him of this new preparation of warre which was made in Castile whereon hauing duly considered finding himselfe weake and without money and ill serued by his owne subiects he resolued to pacifie the king Don Henry sending an Ambassadour vnto him to Burgos to mooue him to some accord the which he did not refuse but answered that if he sent him his Ambassadors and Deputies with sufficient authoritie to treate a peace that he should not find him vntractable to yeeld to any thing that should bee held reasonable Wherefore the king of Nauarre did againe employ D. Ramir Sanches of Asiayn and sent him to Burgos with the Prior of Ronceuaux men of learning and authority These Ambassadours were heard by the king Don Henry and entertayned with great courtesie where hauing discoursed and somewhat debated vppon the articles of the peace in the end it was concluded That there should bee a perpetuall amitie sworne betwixt the kings and Realmes of Castile and Nauarre without binding him of Castile to alienate himselfe in any sort from the league which he had with the French King Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre That the strangers Gascons and English should be sent out of Nauarre That the townes taken by the King of Castile from him of Nauarre should bee restored That the king of Castile should presently lend twenty thousand ducats vnto the King of Nauarre to pay the souldiers which were to bee dismissed for assurance whereof the King Don Henry should keepe the towne of Guarde in pawne That the king of Nauarre for assurance of the entertainement of these Articles of peace and that he should not breake it in any sort should leaue twentie seuerall places of his Realme of Nauarre in pawne in the custodie and conseruance of Don Iohn Ramires of the
of D. Henry the vnable king of Castile playes and shewes where the Arch-bishop of Seuill Don Alphonso de Fonsecs hauing feasted the King Queene and the Ladies among other singularities there was serued in after dinner for the banquet two plates filled with rings of gold set with rich and pretious stones for the Ladies amongst whom Donna Guiomar was held next the Queene to be the fayrest and most beautifull Ladie of Spaine without compare to her the king shewed many amorous fauours at this feast which the Queene perceiuing grew very iealous and euer after vsed the Ladie vnkindly and rigorously by reason whereof the King shewed himselfe strange to her and appoynted her a Court and trayne apart not suffering her to come neere his Court by two leagues Whereunto the Arch-bishop of Seuille who was well seene and experienced in such businesses did willingly employ his best endeauours in the behalâ—e of Guiomar for whatsoeuer the king did was but fayned and imaginarie shewes who was so farre from beeing offended and displeased with his friends in such affaires as hee was content to spare them his owne wife for the common rumor was that not beeing able to endure that men should esteeme him vnapt for venereall acts which he reputed a great and ignominious disgrace Basenesse of K. Henry the vnable hee dealt with the Queene his wife to receiue Don Bertrand de la Cueua into her bed his base and degenerate mind desiring and consenting that this Knight should lye with her to the end shee might prooue with child by him and so by that meanes suppose an heire to the kingdome in his owne name though vnlawfully begotten by another It was credibly reported that at the first the Queene would by no possible meanes bee drawne to agree and giue her consent to so vile detestable and dishonorable a deede but yet afterwards shee had more neede to haue beene curbed in with raines and bridle then of spurres Now don Bertrand de la Cuena was a gallant and most accomplished Knight in all points belonging to an excellent Courtier and so esteemed and beloued of the King as for his sake because he so valiantly and with such an vndaunted courage defended a passage at the arriuall of an Ambassadour of Brittayne hee builded a Monasterie on the high way from Madrid to Pard which for him was named the Monasterie of Pas. The King the better to couer his owne naturall weaknesse made shew of loue to diuers Gentlewomen in sundry places for before he made loue to Ladie Guiomâ—â— he had professed himselfe seruant to another Ladie named Catherina de Sandouall whom he had oftentimes entertained prâ—â—atly but she not contented with his vaine embraces and beeing desirous to furnish her selfe with a more able Knight shee grew familiarly acquainted with a young Gentleman named Alphonso de Cordoua whom she kept companie with a long time secretly which turned to his destruction for the King hauing notice thereof commanded Alphonso to be beheaded at Medina del campo In this sort did this King behaue himselfe in his most priuate affaires giuing occasion to all men to speake euill and vncharitably of him which beeing reported vnto him hee entred into distrust and hatred against the great persons of his Realme and oftentimes for sleight occasions he would rayse great troubles And not beeing pleased that Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana should hold the cittie of Guadalajara where hee did not onely commaund the towne and castle as Gouernour both in matters of State and warre but also had authoritie and preheminence to bestow publike Offices hee caused him to bee taken by the Commander Iohn Fernandes Galindo who entred into the towne with sixe hundred men at armes by meanes of intelligence that he had with one of the Marquis his Captaines called Alphonso de Gaona who was corrupted with money and the Marquis was compelled to leaue that Gouernement to the Kings dispose hauing giuen him no iust nor lawfull cause of offence or iniurie and so hee retired and with-drew himselfe to Hita Soone after the King and the Queene came thither and left Alphonso de Gaona Gouernour there Don Iohn the second of that name and the eighteenth King of Arragon WHilest these affaires continued in Castile the King Don Iohn of Nauarre took quiet possession of the kingdome of Arragon Nauaâ—re and Arragon fallen vnto him by the death of his brother vnto whome came Ambassadours from the Prince Don Charles his sonne to beseech him that all faults past might be forgotten and that it might please him to receiue him into grace and fauour the which request the father easily graunted for he was very kind and gentle to his children but especially to the Prince Don Charles who beeing daily sollicited by those of the faction of Beaumont who continued and maintayned the warres in certaine sorts and strong holds in Nauarre not beeing able without him to bring their businesse to effect hee desired to returne into Spayne either to helpe them to make their peace or to defend them by force of armes Hauing then had a pleasing answer from the King his father hee departed that yeare 1459. from Sicill beeing accompanied with a great number of Sicillian Lords and Gentlemen and landed at Barcelona where beeing welcommed and receiued with great pompe Agreement betweene the King D. Iohn of Arragon his sonne Don Charles magnificence and honour by the Barcelonois hee dealt so wisely that for his sake the King pardoned those of Beaumont and declared that his pleasure was that all former matters of what kind soeuer should be buried in perpetuall obliuion those of Cattelogna beeing sureties for the sonnes faith and obedience to his father and for the fathers loue and good-will to his sonne This reconciliation beeing made to the great ioy and contentment of the whole kingdom the King D. Iohn knowing himself to be a mightie Prince thought vpon fit and conuenient meanes how to recouer his lands which were confiscate in Castile for the effecting whereof hee entred into league and confederacie with Don Alphonso King of Portugall and agreed vppon a marriage betweene the Prince his sonne and the Ladie Catherine of Portugall New desseignes to troble Castil sister to King Alphonso and to Donna Ioane Queene of Castile into the which league entred Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishop of Toledo the Admirall Don Frederic father-in-law to King Iohn Don Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua and all the Manriques of Castile with others whereof when the king of Castile Don Henry had notice by the aduertisement of D. 〈◊〉 de Fonfeca Arch-bishop of Seuill he was aduised by his councell to send the bishop of Cité Rodrigo and Diego de Ribera Ambassadours into Arragon vnder pretence of congratulating in his name the welcome-home of Prince Charles and his reconcilement with the king his father but they had commission to deale vnder-hand secretly with Prince Charles to offer him all friendship
Roderigo Manriques against the Marquis who intended to beseege them the which they obtayned moreouer the King and Queene sent vnto them the Bishop of Auila and the Lord of Coca and Alaexos who were both of them called Alphonso de Fonseca The Marquis fearing least other places might reuolt by the example of Alcarras solicited the Kings of Portugall to make hast and hauing taken Donna Ioane whome he termed Queene out of Escalona hee brought her by Trugillo vnto Plaisance whereas King Alfonso of Portugall arriued with an army of fiue thousand horse The army of Portugall entreth into Castill of all sorts and fifteene thousand foote Hee was attended on by the Archbishoppe of Lisbone the Bishoppe of Ebora and Coimbra and many other Prelats and Church-men who are alwaie desirous to bee where stirres and tumults are albeit the true followers of Christ Iesus haue peace in greatest recommendation more-ouer there were with him the Constable and Marshall of Portugall the Duke of Bragança and his brother the Earle of Faro the Earles of Villa-real Penela Marialua and Pegnamaçor with a great number of other Nobility desirous to serue their King to winne honour and to encrease their estates by the enlargement of so great a conquest as they hoped to make vpon the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon with the teritories annexed there-vnto the most part of whome hauing vpon this vncertaine ground sold or morgaged their lands and liuings The King of Portugall and Donna Ioane were betrothed each to other in the Citty of Playsance The king of Portugall and Donna Ioane betrothed each to other protesting to craue a dispensation from the Pope there were present Don Diego de Estuniga Duke of Areualo and his brother the Earle of Miranda and King Alfonso and Donna Ioane were at that act and ceremony called and intitled King and Queene of Castile and Leon. King Alfonso at his departure out of Portugal least his Sonne the Prince Don Iohn Regent and gouernor there Geneologie of Portugal who was newly made father to a Sonne by his wife Donna Leonor who was named Alfonso being borne at Lisbone in the yeare 1475. An. 1475. King Fernand and Queene Isabell did like-wise intitle themselues Kings of Portugall and of the Algarues and either-fide did beare the armes of both the Kingdomes indifferently The gouernors of the frontiers were commanded to inuade one another which they readily executed with great cruelty and to the great spoyle of the realme of Portugall the people of Castile putting all to fire and sword that were neere to their borders especially on the coast of Badajos where the Castle of Nodar was taken from the Portugalls and Martin de Sepulueda one of the foure and twenty of Siuill was made gouernor thereof who from thence made sharpe warre vpon the Portugois and yet in the end hee proued scarce faithfull to his Kings Don Alfonso of Montroy Treasorer of the order of Alcantara who seemed him-selfe Maister thereof did on the other-side winne Algretta In like manner Don Alfonso de Cardegna great commander of Leon who called him-selfe maister of Saint Iames did with sundry troupes of horse forrage and spoile the fronters of Portugall and brought great booties from thence Don Pero Aluares de Soto mayor shewed him-selfe on the King of Portugalls side and tooke Tuy calling him-selfe Vicount thereof and tooke also Bayon of Minio sundry other exploits of warre with burning of houses and robberies were committed on the frontiers by this enraged multitude Now the king of Portugall did perceaue that the warre was likely to last longer and bee more difficult than hee had expected and almost despairing of ending it with honour vnles hee had the aide and supply of some greater power hee sought by all meanes to incite the French King Lewis the leauenth to breake his alliance with the Kings of Castile Toro deliueâ—ed to the King of Portugall and to assaille them on that side of Guipuscoa the which hee obtayned as hereafter shal be mentioned In the meane time hauing receiued the Citty of Toro by the treason of Iohn Vlloa hee assayled the Castle and tooke it by force and by the like treason made him-selfe Maister of Zamora the which was deliuered vnto him by Iohn de Porras one of the chiefe cittizens thereof whose Sonne in law named Alfonso de Valencia beeing Mashall was Captayne of the Castle who had rather trust to the vncertaine promises of the King of Portugall Zamâ—ra in the power of the King Portugal than respecting his owne honour relie vpon the offers of King Fernand and Queene Isabell from Zamora King Alfonso came backe to Toro where his new betrothed wife and her mother Queene Ioane lay who was sister to this King who dyed about that time and was very honorably buried at Madrid in the monastery of S. Francis The Kings Fernand and Izabella greatly apprehending the wrongs and losses which they daily sustained they hasted on their subiects and souldiers to suppresse the Portugois or else to fight with them Great numbers of Lords Knights and men at armes came to Vailliodolit where the whole bodie of the armie from all places of Spayne was assembled Andalusia excepted in which Prouince the quarrell did still continue betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales and betwixt the Earle of Cabrera and Don Alphonso of Aguilar and there was some likeli-hood that the Marquis and Don Alphonso would take the Marquis of Villena's part their brother-in-law The men of note that were come to Vailliodolit were these Don Pedro Gâ—nçal of Mendoza Cardinall of Spayne and his breethren Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Duke of Infantasgo Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Lorenzo Suares Earle of Crugna Don Pedro de Velasco Constable of Castile Don Alphonso Henriques high Admirall Don Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua Don Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Don Henry Henriques Earle of Alua de Lista Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno Don Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda and his brother Don Gabriel Manrique Earle of Osorno Don Pedro Aluares of Osorio Marquis of Astorga D. Diego Lopes Sarmiento Earle of Salinas Don Pedro of Mendoza Earle of Montagu D. Alphonso d'Areillan Earle of Aguilar Don Pedro of Acugna Earle of Buendia with other Lords ecclesiasticall and temporall Don Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque remayned neuter knowing not how to resolue he would willingly haue adhered to the King of Portugall who was to bee husband to her who was reputed to be his daughter but he durst not yet for all that at the last he tooke the partie of king Fernand and Queene Izabella by meanes whereof diuers did take their parts who before that time were doubtfull what to do Garcy Lopes of Padilla Treasurer of Alcantara who was the last Master of that Order and Don Diego of Castile with diuers Knights and Commanders came to the Kings and Queenes
the kingdomes of Castile in which space it was beseeged by the Duke sent thither with certaine companies by the Queene This same yeare King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell their affaires prospering did celebrate and keepe the assembly of the estates at Madrigall where Donna Isabell there onely daughter at that time was sworne vnto and acknowledged after the antient accustomed manner of Spaine Princesse of the Astiuria's and eldest lawfull heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon and the dependances thereof in case no male child were borne vnto them And in regard of the great zeale and affection they did beare to iustice which had greate neede of their aide and assistance the whole state of Spaine being so disordered and full of confusion as they which were strongest In what cases the prouosts of Castle may giue iudgement would without any feare of punishment exercise infinite kinds of cruelties vpon the weaker sort it was decreed for the preuenting thereof to renew and authorise the brother-hoods and companies of the communalties To the prouosts and iudiciall seates whereof authority should be giuen to giue iudgement in fiue cases that is to say for murther inforced theft or those which should be hurt in the country or places farre from any dwelling Secondly they might iudge the selfe same crimes committed in the townes and villages in case the offender should flie away Thirdly the breaking open of doores and walles scaling and burning of houses Fourthly the rape and violence offered to women or maides of what age or condition soeuer And fiftly for rebelling against the Ministers of iustice executing their charge which brother-hoods should haue their prouosts and iudges in the townes and their Ministers in all places of their iurisdiction and whereas any controuersie should arise betwixt the ordinary Iudges and those prouosts vpon the enquiry and knowledge of offences such differences should be iudged by the Kings Councell Don Lope de Ribas Bishop of Carthagena was chosen chiefe president of all those brotherhoods and it was decreed that an imposition should bee laide vpon the people for the entertainement of the souldiars and officers of these Iudges euery twentith house to finde one horseman so as by that meanes a power of two thousand horse was leauied to assist the Iudges and to purge and clense the country from theeues and robbers Of whom Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villahermosa the Kings brother was captaine generall These things beeing thus ordered did neuerthelesse displease sundry of the great Lords of Spaine but the Constable was well pleased therewith who was the first that commanded his owne tennants to contribute towards the payment of these companies whose example diuers other great Lords did follow afterward Now the King of Portugall had furnished Toro Cantalapiedra and Castro Nugno with good and strong garrisons which did greatly molest all the country there abouts especially that of Cantalapiedra where Alphonso Peres de Biuero was gouernour who made continuall courses vpon the territory of Medina Salamanca and other places which to remedy King Fernand resolued to beseege it and sent thither the Duke of Villahermosa his brother and Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno with Artillery to batter it The seege being planted and the Canon playing on either side the beseeged who found themselues shut in demaunded aide of King Alphonso who did forrage and ouer runne the territory of Salamanca thinking by that meanes both to diuert the army from before Cantalapiedra and to succour the beseeged but it fell not out according to his desseigne for the Earle of Treuigno marched against the forragers and did beate them backe and yet the beseeged in Cantalapiedra were still as much distressed as before It was treated concerning the exchange of prisoners wherefore the Earle of Benauent was freed from his oth which hee made not to beare armes for King Fernand in that warre and so the Earle of Pegnamaçor was deliuered forth of prison the seege raised from before Cantalapiedra and the Licentiate Antonio Nugnes of Ciudad Rodrigo was restored to his goods and the garrisons of that place were not to beare armes for a yeere afterward The King and Queene gaue to the Earle of Benauent foure millions of Marauedis towards the charges hee had beene at and confirmed his former guift of the city of Corunna or the Groine but the Inhabitants taking armes did resist him intending to maintaine themselues vnder the demaines of the crowne without acknowledging any subalterne Lord and draue those forth of the castle which held it for the Earl The same time king Fernand was sent for into Arragon by King Iohn his father whither he did make a short iourney because his wars in Castile but especially in Guipuscoa concerned him very nerely he made a quick returne to victoria for the Frenchmen remained still in that Prouince burning the country to driue whom away the King and Queene raised an army of fity thousand men the most part of them being footmen out of the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Alaua Biscay Asturia and from other places on the confines of Burgos Vpon the report of this great preparation the French men retired to Bayonne with intent and threatning to returne againe the spring following At the same time Nauarre the faction of Beaumont and Grammont in the Kingdome of Nauarre were at as deadly warre as euer Lewis of Beaumont coueâ—s the Realme of Nauarre and the quarrell betwixt Don Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and Pedro of Peralta the Constable was pursued with all rigour and extremity the Earle of Lerin beganne to treat with King Fernand to make him King of Nauarre and to deliuer into his hands the city of Pampelona with other fortresses of the fame country sending certaine Knights of Nauarre vnto him to victoria to offer him his seruice with all that hee did possesse the King did curteously entertaine those Knightes thanked both the Earle and them for their offers and good will but concerning the rest hee said that hee would not lay claime to anothers right for the Realme of Nauare did in right belong to his sister the Princesse Leonora and after her decease to her Sonnes Sonne Francis Phoebus Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearne and withall because King Iohn his father did enioy the toyall authority thereof during his life therefore to enterprise any thing against the right of those persons vnto whome hee did owe so much honour and respect it would not onely be a sinne but impiety and sacriledge so as by no meanes hee would harken therevnto saying moreouer that hee was much greeued to see the inueterate hatred betwixt the Earle and the Constable and that hee would willingly take the paines to make them friends thinking it an office worthy of him King Ferdinand meditates a peace betwixt the factions of Beaument and Gramont to procure the peace and quiet of that Kingdome which was ruined by the confusions of the ciuill warres
spent that time Christian army retires so Corfu wherein they had designed great enterprises without any fruit but with incredible charge The Nauy then returned towards Corfu leauing the passage free for Vluccialy to retire to Constantinople at such time as hee beganne to feare the euent D. Iohn hauing retyred to Sicile and from thence to Naples Marc Antonio Colonna and Doria went into Spaine to relate vnto the king what had beene done that yeare and Colonna to free himselfe of some imputations laied vpon him by such as did malice his greatnesse wherein hee did preserue his honour and returned into Italie with great reputation After the arrest of the English Merchants Sir Francis Drakes first voyage to the Indies and their goods both in Spaine and the Low-Countries as you haue heard the English sought all meanes to bee reuenged of the Spaniards Some vpon their owne coast and others went vnto the Indies Among which Master Francis Drake who was then a man of no great note with the helpe of other aduenturers manned forth two ships and a Pynnace and went to Nombre de Dios in Noua Hispania where hearing that the Towne was not very well peopled hee landed in the night with one hundred and fiftie men whereof he put seuenty into a fort and the rest seazed vpon the market place the inhabitants in this amazement flying to the Mountaines but soone after they within the fort apprehending that their companions in the Towne had been all slaine for that they had heard some shot and their trumpet did not answere them They retyred inconsiderately to their Pinnace which they of the Towne finding made all the hast they could to get to their ships Thus Master Drake without any losse but a Trumpeter and hauing slaine but one man within the towne retyred much discontented from Nombre de Dios. After which hee came to the sound of Darien where hauing conference with certaine Negros which had fled from their Master of Panama and Nombre de Dios they did aduertise them of certaine Mules which were to passe from Panama to Nombre de Dios laden with gold and siluer whereupon hee landed a hundred shot and went to attend them with these Negros where hee tooke two troupes of them hauing none but their driuers being without any feare hee vnladed the Mules and tooke the gold onely being vnable as some of them write to carrie the siluer through the Mountaines Within two daies after he came to a place called the house of Crosses where he slue fiue or six Merchants he found not any gold nor siluer there but much merchandize fired the house with the goods being valued at aboue two hundred thousand ducats thence his went to his ships presently after there came downe three hundred shot Spaniards but it was too late The Venetians seeing that there was no likeliehood to make their profite by the support of this league 1573 and that in this warre they had lost the realme of Cypres spent foure millions of ducats and recouered not any one place of importance finding also that the Spaniards after all their delayes would still be masters commaund in all their councels and haue the honour of all executions they resolued to make a peace with the Turke by the mediation of the French King and the diligence of Marc Anthonie Barbaro their Consull who had beene staied at Constantinople the which was concluded vpon restitution of certaine small places in Dalmatia Peace betwixt the Turke 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and 300000 crownes which the Venetians should pay vnto the Turke at three payments The Senate being certified of the conclusion they sent their embassadours to the Pope and catholike King to iustifie their actions Pope Gregorie the thirteenth was discontented but there was no remedie for hee must allow of their reasons which seemed pertinent The King of Spaine seemed no wayes distasted with this peace of the Venetians 〈…〉 but would shew by the effects that hee was able of himselfe without the help of anie other to maintaine continuall warre against the Turke for the defence of Christendome and not onely defend himselfe from him but make warre against him at his doore He therefore commaunded that the fleet which was prepared at Naples and Sicile should go and attempt some thing in the Leuant Seas or be imploied to annoy Vluccialy vpon the coast of Afrike where he had expelled Amida out of the realme of Tunes for that hee had performed all dueties to the King of Spaine and paied the tribute which his father had promised to the Emperour Charles the which did much displease the Turks holding Alger and other places in Afrike who procured Sâ—lims approbation to haue him dispossessed and an other set in his place who should be more at his deuotion the which was executed by Vluccialy wherefore King Philippe thinking that he had an interest therein and that it was necessarie to weaken the Turke forces in those partes being greatly suspected to Sicile and other parts of Italie which Countries the Turkes desired much to ioyne vnto his empire hee sent commaundement to D. Iohn by Soto his Secretarie whom hee had sent into Spaine to that end that hee should imploy the gallies hee had readie in this expedition which would be verie profitable for Christendome whilest that the Turkes forces were but weake at sea to attempt a succour so farre off In the meane season there was great means made for the deliuerie of Aly Bassas sons which had beene taken at the battell whom D. Iohn had obtained from the Confederates with great instance but one of them was dead before to his great griefe that hee could not wholie gratifie the mother wherefore he sent him home that was liuing called Moamed Sonne of Aly Bassa 〈◊〉 at liberty by D. Iohn accompanying him with a dwarfe of his owne and foure Turkes that had beene taken with him and many presents which the mother had sent vnto his Highnesse in signe of honour but he refused to accept them and wrote the reason thereof vnto her wherein he shewed the greatnesse of his mind I haue forborne said hee to accept the present which you sent me and Moamed hath it not for that I doe not esteeme it as come from your hands but for that the greatnesse of my ancestors is not accustomed to receiue gifts from such as are forced to flie vnto them for fauour The armie beeing ready for the enterprise of Tunis D. Iohn parted with the Duke of Sessa Enterprise of Tunis Anthonio Doria Iohn Andrew and other noblemen on the eight day of September 1573 from the port which in old time was called Lilybee and had beene long neglected notwithstanding that it be one of the best ports in the Iland and had beene much vsed by the Romans in the Carthaginian warres others write that they went from Palermo There was in the fleet one hundred and sixteene gallies foure and thirtie shippes and other
haue beene a widow To this effect D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos and D. Pedro Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Peter of Arlança D. Ferdinand King of Castille merries the Emperor of Germanies daughter with the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn were sent Ambassadors wel attended who concluded this marriage notwithstanding that they held them foure monthes without any resolution this Princesse was sent into Spaine through France whereas Philip Augustus then raigning did her much honour throughout his whole realme causing her to bee conducted vnto Guipusâ—oa from whence the Noblemen of Spaine which were deputed to receiue her conducted her to Victoria whereas the Queene D. Berengula met her and did accompany her to Burgos this Princesse did please D. Fernand for she was exceeding faire Three daies after her arriual the King was made Knight and did arme himselfe in the Monastery of Las Huelgas and then he married D. Beatrix the last of December 1220. An. 1220. Of this marriage issued many children whereof the eldest was Alphonso who succeeded in the two Realmes of Castille and Leon the second was D. Frederic the third D. Fernand the fourth D. Henry the fifth D. Philip the sixth D. Sancho the seuenth and last D. Manuel Hee had also two daughters D. Elenor who died and Infant an D. Berenguela a Nunne in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The yeere following 1221. the marriage was concluded betwixt D. Elenor the King of Castilles aunt and D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon who was then but thirteene yeeres old which argues falshood in some which haue written that this King before hee married this Princesse had contracted a secret marriage with D. Theresa Gil of Bidaura daughter of D. Iohn of Bidaura of whom hee begot two sonnes the one called D. Pedro who was Lord of Aierbe and the other D. Iaime Lord of Xerica the which hath no great ground in nature considering the King was very yong and we must beleeue that the acquintance he had with this Lady either as a spouse or a friend was ten yeeres after when he was diuorced from D. Elenor. He was in a manner constrained to make this alliance with Castille hauing need of D. Fernands assistance by reason of the troubles he had in his country which grew through the bad and tyranous gouernment and ambition of his vncles the which wee must relate and fetch farther off This Prince had beene drawne as wee haue sayd out of the hands of Symon Earle of Montfort and conducted into his realme of Arragon where there was great contention betwixt the Estates Contentions in Arragon and the Earles of Roussillon the father and sonne to D. Fernand and the Abbot of Montarragon the Kings vncles who in stead of gouerning the realme would haue wrested it from him notwithstanding by the fidelity of the Estates and their authority together with the dilligence of the Cardinal of Beneuent the Legat right preuailed and the Infant D. Iames was ackowledged for lawfull King at Lerida as I haue sayd where the Princes contending did not appeere Raymond Berenger Earle of â—rouence father to fiue Queenes 8 There were three Gouernors appointed two in Arragon which were D. Pedro d' Ahones and D. Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra whose Gouernments were distinct by the riuer of Ebro and the third in Cattelogâ—e Ouer all the which D. Sancho Earle of Roussillon was appointed superintendent There it was also concluded that D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence a young Prince of nine yeeres of age sonne to D. Alphonso should be with the King vnder the same tutors aboue mentioned the which was put in execution but the Earle soone after about the yeere of our Lord 1216. escaped from them and retired into Prouence where hee married the daughter of Thomas Earle of Morienne named Beatrix who was mother of fiue Queenes To preuent the continual practises of the Earles of Roussillon and of D. Fernand vncles to the young King it was resolued about the yeere 1217. that hee should bee declared of full age being then but tenne yeeres old according vnto some the which the Earle of Rousillon did wonderfully contradict yet after great contention he quit the Regency in the yeere 1218. by the authority of the Estates assembled to that end at Tarragone whereas the Earle receiued certaine places in fee of the King At this time the authority of the Magistrate called the Iustice of Arragon was great for the defence of the publike liberty The yeere following 1219. all the continent of Spaine was afflicted with a great drought wherevnto it is very much subiect as well through want of raine as for that the springs were dried vp so as there followed a great dearth and pestilent diseases These calamities were accompanied with troubles and ciuill seditions by the rebellion of D. Roderigo Lizana a man of great authority and power who being incensed for some pretended wrongs against Lope d' Albero hee surprized him in his house and shut him vp in a fort of his from whence the King deliuered him by force his commandements nor the decrees of his councel preuailing nothing D. Roderigo despayring to finde grace with the King retired to Albarrazin to D. Pedro Fernandes de Açagra whether they senâ—troupes of souldiers to besiege them who could not force the place beeing strong both by nature and art notwithstanding D. Roderigo and D. Pedro Fernandes acknowledging their fault obtained pardon of the King In these sieges they vsed an Engine of battery made at Huesca which did cast great stones making one hundred and fifty shot in a day and a night with great ruine These things happened in the yeere 1221. whilest they treated of the marriage of the sayd King D. Iames with D. Elenor of Castille the Mediators whereof were D. Symon Cornel William Ceruera and William Raymond of Moncade hee which married Garsinde the heire of the country of Berne for the accomplishing wherof the parties met at Agreda where they were made sure and the contract of marriage drawne greatly to the Queenes aduantage from whence they went to marry in the city of Tarrassone Of this marriage D. Alphonso was borne who died before the father This marriage was not firme for being made without a dispensation from the Pope being cousins in a prohibited degree it was dissolued by Pope Honorius the second after some yeeres and the Infanta sent home into Castille yet some say that shee professed herselfe in the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Vega. 9 A little before this King D. Iaime had instituted the Order which they call our Lady of the redemption of prisoners otherwise de la Merced Order of Merced by the councel of his confessor friat Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochefort who set downe the rules for the religious of this Order vnder that of Saint Augustine Their profession and chiefe vow was to goe into the Moores country to redeeme Christians that were prisoners and if
Christians and therefore shee gaue as well to them within the realme as without She built the monastery of S. Claire the royal of Combra she finished the house of the Innocents at S. Iren the which was begunne by D. Martin Bishop of la Garde and did the like to the Monasterie of Almonster of Nunnes the which was begun by a Lady called D. Berengnela Ayres and after the decease of the King her husband shee gaue herselfe wholy to a religious life and tooke vpon her the habit of S. Claire which she vsed euer after she should her Iewels and conuerted them into Ornaments and vessels to serue churches the which she gaue to many Monasteries Shee went vnkonwne on foot to visit the Sepulcher of S. Iames asking almes and past her dayes in like workes with great zeale she dyed in the towne of Estremos whether she went to mediate a peace betwixt her sonne and the king of Castile her grand-child borne of her daughter Besides these aboue-named workes she had built at Torresnouas a Monasterie of repentants and at Leyra an hospitall of poore bashfull men Her body was carried to Coimbra and layd in the Monasterie of Santa Cruz. The apparitions which the Spaniards write happened vnto her in her life time and at her death with such like things are the impostures of Monkes of those times 36 As for affaires of Castile wee find Castile that after the decease of the Queene D. Maria who by her wisedome preuented many mischiefes the troubles grew greater then euer all Iustice ceased and the most insolent were most in credit King Don Alphonso although he were young was much discontented at these disorders and sought to redresse them but he was not obeyed so as by reason of the violences tyrannies ruine of places murthers and other such wickednesse which then raigned he saw his subiects abandon their houses and retire into Arragon Nauarre Portugall and else-where there to seeke peace and rest the Gouernours were cause of all these miseries vising the people of their Iurisdictions tyrannously beeing in perpetuall discord among themselues Those that were of the priuie Councell aduised him to seaze vppon the places belonging to D. Blanche his Cousin daughter to the deceased Don Pedro the which were in the hands of Garsilaço de la Vega in the name of Donna Maria of Arragon her mother for that sayd they it was not fit the King of Arragon should meddle much in the affaires of Castile nor that he should know all the vlcers of that kingdome the which hee did more then was conuenient by the meanes of these places and vnder colour to procure the good of Donna Blanche his Grand-child watching in the meane time to make his profit with the preiudice of Castile He which was most vehement in thsi Councell was Don Garsilaço himselfe beeing Marin Maior of Castile Don Iohn of Arragon Arch-bishop of Toledo was by that reason suspected to them hauing for his chiefe aduersarie Don Iohn Manuel one of the Kings tutors who had his gouernement in the Country of Toledo and against whose disordinate desires the Arch bishop of Toledo a better seruant to the King then they esteemed him had alwaies opposed himselfe So as they treated secretly with the king to take the royall seales from him for they held it dangerous Sea is taken from the Arch bishop of Toledo that an Arragonois should be Chancelor of the Realme who by reason of that dignity was priuie to all that was treated and resolued in the kings Councell According to this resolution there was an occasion offered The Arch-bishop beeing in the Kings Pallace and beeing demanded of the Affaires of the Bishoppricke touching the Estate and the kings reuenues hee excused himselfe vppon the actions of Don Iohn Manuel his brother-in-law who was there present who answered very peremptorily for himselfe so as there were bitter words betwixt them in the Kings presence For this cause soone after the seales were taken away and giuen to Don Garcylaço de Vega whereat the Arch-bishop Don Iohn beeing much discontented hee neuer ceased vntill hee had exchanged his Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo with that of Tarragone causing Don Iohn de Luna to be aduanced to the Archiepiscopall dignitie of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine by Pope Iohn 37 In the meane time came the yeare 1326. 1326. when as the King tooke vppon him the gouernement of his Realme at a Parlament held at Vailledolit whereas D. Philip or Alphonso Don Iohn Manuel and Don Iohn the Blind were discharged of their administration which they had managed with geat scandall There did the king sweare to obserue the fundamentall Lawes of the Realme and to administer Iustice maintaining euery one in his estate goods and honour To whome also the Deputies of the Estates did sweare fidelitie o th reciprocal betwixt the K. and his subiects and offered the rights and ordinarie seruices due vnto the Crowne This done the King did choose two wise Knights to bee of his Councell of State Don Garcylaço de la Vega aboue-named and Aluar Nugnes Osorio and for his treasure a Iew called Ioseph of Ecchia to whome he gaue the Superintendencie of the Customes Imposts Rents and Reuenues of the Realme In the disposition whereof hee did not gouerne himselfe by the aduice of Don Iohn Manuel nor Don Iohn the Blind nor did much esteeme them whereat beeing iealous and discountented they parted from Vailledolit without taking any leaue of the King and made a league together at Cigales The king was soone aduertised hereof and did in few dayes breake this plot making himselfe sure to Donna Constance Manuel daughter to Don Iohn Manuel at Vailledolit but this marriage tooke to effect and he gaue vnto Don Iohn Manuel to draw him vnto him the gouernement of the fronter Thus was Don Iohn the Blind abandoned so as hee was more incensed then before Thus Prince entertayned such bad desseignes as his end was miserable Hee sought to marrie Donna Blanche daughter to Don Pedro of Castile to the end hee might enjoy the places which shee held vppon the frontier of Arragon and from thence make warre against the King Don Alphonso Hee made a league with the new King of Portugall against him and attempted all meanes to annoy his Prince notwithstanding that the king of Don Alphonso tryed al waies to pacifie him so as he was forced to vse more violent remedies 38 During these home-bred troubles of Castile Moores Ismael king of Granado was slaine by his subiects vppon this occasion Among the prisoners which the Moores had brought from Martos there was a Christian woman exceeding fayre who fell into the hands of the kings Cousin sonne to the Gouernour of Algezire who was called Mahumet This prisoner beeing seene by king Ismael he grew so in loue with her as he demanded her of Mahumet who yeelding more vnto his desires then to the respect hee ought vnto his Prince refused him plainely whereupon
from the seruice of D. Pedro King of Castile by the pace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon spoiling the valleies they attempted to enter into Iacca Against these men the Inhabitants of the country both Nobles and Commons armed so as after diuerse skirmishes whereas many were slaine of both sides these strangers beeing aboue fifteene thousand men past the Pyrenes and returned into their countries The King of Arragon before the Prince of Wales his retreat had sought by his meanes to recouer Sauveterre and Real of Rueste which the Nauarrois held since the warre of Castile but he could not As for the King of Nauarre Nauarre hee recouered the places which hee had left in deposito when as he made a league with the King of Arragon and D. Henry wherein hee was assisted by D. Pedro King of Castile and through fauour of the victory which hee had obtained but yet hee could neither get Logrogno from him nor the towne of victoria which he had promised him Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan neither could hee retire out of the hands of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan a Knight of honour the place of Buradon whereof he had beene chosen Gardien saying That hee did not follow the fortune and passions of princes but the equity of the faith which was promised and sworne This good Knight had retired himselfe into Arragon after the battaile lost when as D. Henry saued himselfe in France to whose seruice he returned soone after The Prince of VVales before he went out of Spaine Leagues ful of infidelity of the Princes of those times had practised a firme league betwixt the Kings raigning then in Spaine and himself but with diuerse deseignes wherein he assured himselfe that the King of Nauarre would bee faithfull and furnish him with a good number of souldiars As for him of Arragon he imbraced the league as it seemed with great affection thinking hee could not then doe better then to ioyne with the victorious King of Castile and the English To conclude this league a day was appointed for he Deputies of all these Princes at Tarbes in the meane time the treachries of D. Pedro King of Castile were so hatefull vnto the Prince of VVales as he returned to Bourdeaux discontented The Deputies of the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon and of the Prince of VVales came to Tarbes at the day appointed where there also arriued some from Castile The dispositions of these Princes were such as the King of Arragon would willingly haue ioyned with D. Henry if hee had durst but hee followed fortune he of Nauarre was more inclyned to the Prince of VVales but whatsoeuer it were euery one sought to make his proffit of these troubles and to draw some thing from Castile the King of Arragon would haue Murcia and some other townes hee of Nauarre demanded the prouinces of Guipuscoa and Alaua namely Victoria Sauueterre Treuigno and many townes in Rioja the Prince of VVales pretended Biscay Castro of Ordiales and many other places all promising to bandy themselues against D. Henry and to stop his passage into Spaine if these things were performed by D. Pedro if not they were as ready to enter into league with D. Henry if hee made them the like pormises Thus the Realme of Castile was set to sale On the other side King Edward father to the Prince of VVales and the King of Arragon had their practises apart to diuide the realme of Castile and Leon betwixt them and to giue some part vnto the King of Nauarre Thus these Princes laboured to diuide that betwixt them which God had appointed for an other and their propositions and disputes at Tarbes were such and of so many things as not able to conclude any thing they referred their assembly to Oleron where they did lesse 22 During these Negotiations D. Henry entred with his French army into Arragon Nauarre which made euery one to thinke of his affaires with D. Henry was Bernard bastard to the Earle of Foix who had beene taken in the battaile of Nagera Second Entries D. Henry bastard of Castile into Spaine and redeemed from the English and although that the King of Arragon sought to diuert this passage yet D. Henry went his course and by Nauarre also finding not any opposition Hauing past the riuer of Ebro with his whole army marching in the country of Castile hee fell on his knees and making a crosse vpon the sand hee sware that no toile nor misfortune should euer make him goe out of Castile Hee entred into Calaorra without contradiction the eight and twentith of September this yeere of our Lord 1367. whether many Knights Squiers and other men came vnto him flying the furie of the King D. Pedro. Being assured of Calaorra hee came to Logrogno where hee found great resistance wherefore he past on by Rioja and Bureba and came to Burgos where the Inhabitants receiued him with great affection and although the castle and the Iewes place made some resistance yet he brought them to obedience and tooke within the castle D. Iames of Majorca who defended it Hee was sonne to the last King of Majorca and had escaped from a hard prison where hee had beene long detained in the new castle at Barcelona since the yeere of our Lord 1362. then beeing come to Naples hee had the happe to marrie Queene Ieanne of Naples whom they called Duke of Calabria and not King of Naples Many townes yeelded vnto Don Henry in fewes daies and about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1368. he got the city of Leon wherefore hauing much blemished the name and authority of his aduersary in old Castile hee marched with his army towards Toledo which city hee beseeged making a bridge of wood ouer the riuer of Tayo to passe and repasse his army as occasion should serue The Inhabitants were desirous to receiue D. Henry but for that Don Pedro held many of their men in hostage fearing least hee should kill them they durst not declare themselues At this seege the French Kings Ambassadors preuailed so with Don Henry as hee sware to compromit the controuersies which hee had with the King of Arragon hauing that charge from their maister who desired to reconcile these two Princes at this promise there were present Don Pedro of Arragon the Kings vncle the Archbishop of Toledo Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Fernand Peres of Ayala Diego Gomes of Toledo Gonçal-Messie of Pont and others Don Pedro King of Castile hauing fortified and manned the towne of Carmona parted thence to come to Eccia hauing in his company Mahumet King of Granado Army of the King D. Pedro. called the old with all the forces of his Realme consisting of seuen thousand horse and foure score thousand foot whereof twelue thousand were Crosse-bowes or a some write thirtie thousand to whom the King Don Pedro did ioyne fifteene hundreth horse and sixe thousand foote of his subiects and partisans Spaniards
the sonne of Marian the new Iudge of Arborea his father being lately deceased who shewed himselfe a more violent enemie against the Arragonois then his father had beene the which was the more to bee feared for that the Geneuois hauing broken the peace made and confirmed by Iohn Marquesse of Montferrat with the king of Arragon had entred into the Iland of Sardynia and ioyning their forces with them of the Iudge had attempted Pole neere to Cailleri and done many other acts of hostility This yeare 1377. An. 1377. Philip the Hardy Duke of Bougongne went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Galicia passing he visited the king Don Henry at Segobia who receiued him honorably and gaue him many rich presents About the same time D. Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo being dead this great and rich liuing was affected by many by reason whereof the Court of Castile was diuided into factions euery one fauouring his kinsman or friend that aspired to this dignitie not to be Ministers of the word of God and to instruct the people in Christian Religion but to be worldly great rich and mighty companions to Kings and commanders ouer armies according to the custome of that age The King Don Henry did much fauour D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Bishop of Siguença whose sister D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan had married Vpon this election where there were so many pretendants D. Iohn Ramires thinking he had need of the Popes fauor and authoritie went to Auignon well accompanied with Noblemen his friends and kinsmen but he did not obtaine that which he pretended for Pope Gregorie the eleuenth then raigning declared Don Pedro Tenorio Bishop of Coimbra Arch-bishop of Toledo Thus these Pretendants lost this rich bootie which they expected much vnlike vnto Don Martin Martines of Calaorra Arch-deacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who beeing chosen some yeares before by the Chapter and a generall consent to bee Bishop of Calaorra hee excused himselfe and would not accept of this dignitie which is one of the richest and of greatest iurisdiction in Spaine next to Toledo Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan returning by Cattelogne hee was desirous to kisse the king of Arragons hands beeing at Barcelona whither came the Vicount of Rueda who in the kings presence accused Don Iohn Ramires of certaine crimes offering him the combate if hee should deny it Don Iohn Ramires regarding his honour accepted of this challenge for the performance whereof the King of Arragon assigned ninetie dayes at which time Don Iohn should present himselfe to the combate or else they would proceede against him according to the lawes and orders of combats Don Iohn Ramires returned in the meane time into Castile and made relation vnto the King Don Henry how he had beene challenged and that he must present himselfe in Arragon at the day appointed wheeras his enemie was much fauoured by the king Don Pedro the which the king of Castile hauing well considered and fearing that Don Iohn Ramires whome he loued deaâ—ely for his integritie and vertues should receiue some indignitie in a countrie where he was not beloued he resolued to send a gentleman to the King of Arragon to let him vnderstand that no man liuing was better acquainted then himselfe with the qualities and conditions of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan and how that he had carried himselfe like a Knight of honour in all his actions euen when hee was Chamberlaine to the same king of Arragon and employed by him in the warre against Don Pedro king of Castile wherefore he intreated him to cause this appeale made by the Vicount to cease whereof the King seeking to excuse himselfe the Ambassador replyed Sir Ambassadors speech to the King of Arragon seeing it is your pleasure that this combate shall be fought vnderstand that the King of Castile my Lord is resolued to send at the time you haue appointed three thousand Lances to accompanie Don Iohn Ramires to the end that hee may be no way inferiour neither for the safetie of his person nor for support vnto his aduersarie seeing that the quarrell must be decided in a strange Countrie where as the Prince shewes himselfe partiall The King Don Pedro taking these words in ill part fell into a great dispute with this Gentleman who made him a discreet answer wherefore fearing that this might kindle a new fire betwixt Castile and Arragon after much consultation hee commanded the Vicount to desist from his challenge declaring that Don Iohn Ramires was a good Knight Thus past the affaires betwixt Castile and Arragon in the yeare 1376. At which time Don Charles Infant of Nauarre Nauarre beeing desirous to visite the Court of France did so importune the King his father as hee got leaue from the which hee was much disswaded by the King of Castile his father-in-law Detentiâ—n of the Prince of Nauarre who assuredly knew what reasons the French King had to hate the King of Nauarre For besides that hee had perswaded him to leaue and abandon the league of France and to adhere vnto the English as wee haue before shewed hee had since ingaged and deliuered vnto them the Towne of Cherbourg in Normandy and entertained many practises to the preiudice and discommoditie of France whereof the French King was particularly aduertised Notwithstanding all this the Infant Don Charles went on his intended and determined iourney presuming that hee had not offended any way the King his Vncle and that he would not make any question vnto him concerning the controuersies and oppositions which were betwixt him and his father and that whatsoeuer should happen beyond his expectation hee would retire himselfe to those places which the king his father had in the confines of Normandie and not approch neere the Court without promise of assurance With this resolution hee left Nauarre very well attended on with a companie of gentlemen and men of councell among the which were Baldwin Belloferant Captaine of many places in Normandy belonging to the king of Nauarre the which he held by homage Iames of Rue a knight and Chamberlaine to the king the Seigneur of Ortubia Captaine of the Infants Guard a Basque by nation within two leagues of Fontaraby Peter of Estampes a Doctor of Diuinity and Councellour to the king with diuers others The French king beeing aduertised before-hand of this voyage as soone as they were entred into France he caused Iames of Rue to be taken who was found seazed of certaine papers and instructions which did much augment the iealousie of the French being put to the racke he confest that the king his master had plotted with the English and that he had charge to say vnto the King of England that if he wold promise the duchy of Guienne to the king of Nauar and entertaine him 2000. lances he would make warre against the French and employ all his forces of Nauarre and of his lands in Normandie and other places whereupon he was put into
and the better to perswade her he promised that if she had not entertainement fit for her royall State in Nauarre he would impart some of his vnto her and giue her a good company of Knights and Ladies to conduct her into Nauarre with that honour which did belong vnto her She hauing no iust reason to contradict the King her brother answered him in these termes Sir I am much bound vnto you for many respects Excuses of the Queene of Nauar. besides the good councell it pleaseth you now to giue me wherein I know you seeke my honour and proffit The King my Lord and husband must also be mindefull of your bounty and brotherly loue vsed towards him in many matters of great consequence for my sake for if you had not imploied your selfe at my request to the French King who held him prisoner it may bee hee should haue found greater difficulties in his deliuery Being come into Spaine he knowes what honours and what guifts he hath receiued from you during the life of the King his father And when he came to succeed in the Realme of Nauarre all the world hath seene how liberally you haue restored him the places which you might iustly haue retained in Nauarre being left in deposito at the peace made betwixt you fathers Moreouer you haue discharged him of twenty thousand doublons of gold and of his promise for the English Nobleman who was a prisoner taken in warre being two thousand pounds starling presently after the death of the deceased King his father you caused mee to goe out of your Realme into his country whether I carried whatsoeuer I had good and precious to appeere the more honourable amongst the Nauarrois with the Ladies and Gentlewomen of my traine borne of great families all things tending to the honour and profit of the King my Lord But in steed of acknowledging all this it greeeues me to speake it and I cannot speake it without blushing hee hath not receiued me nor intreated mee as hee ought He appointed me certaine prouisions monthly for the entertainement of my house my state and attendants whereof I haue beene alwaies so ill paied as I haue beene often forced to ingage my iewels to content my seruants who complained often vnto me Besides falling dangerously sicke in Nauarre and almost dead I was duly informed that my languishing proceeded from certaine hurtfull herbes which were giuen mee by a physition a Iew sent by the King my Lord to cure me I doe not thinke that these herbes were giuen me by the commandement of the King my Lord or with his priuity and God forbid it should once enter into my thought but I finde it very strange that hauing complained he did not vouchsafe to punish this bad physition as hee deserued Seeing my indisposition to continue I intreated him to giue mee leaue to come into Castile to your court whereas God be thanked and your good reception I haue recouered my health But during my aboade here in this ease I haue beene aduertised that many flatterers and bad seruants to the King my Lord and mee haue charged me with many slanders the which hath much incensed him against me so as I know not how my Estate or my life can be well assured in Nauarre if I returne as you perswade me wherefore I beseech you Sir in the name of God and for the brotherly loue you beare me that you would be pleased to consult with your good and faithfull councellors vpon my returne to the King my Lord and husband whom I loue and honour and to prouide for the safety of my life and honor for if I should fall into any danger or receiue any indignity you should haue interest therein These words accompanied with a mournfull countenance did much mooue the King D. Iohn who promising his sister that he would haue a care of her affaires he conferred with his councell imparting vnto them the speech which the Queene of Nauarre had vsed causing them all to sweare that they should giue him good and faithful councell touching her returne to the King her husband The councell hauing duely consulted of this businesse they came vnto the King and told him that they had found it expedient that hee should cause King Charles his brother in law to sweare to vse the Queene Donna Leonora his wife well and honourably and for assurance thereof he should leaue some places of Nauarre in deposito in the hands of some Knights that were not suspect whereby they thought the Queene might bee well assured to returne into Nauarre and to liue freely with her husband The King of Castile allowed of this aduice and hauing caused his sister Donna Leonora to he called he acquainted her therewith exhorting her to follow it the which seemed nothing pleasing vnto her yet shee yeelded hauing no iust cause of contradiction wherefore the King D. Iohn hauing caused the Ambassadors of Nauarre to bee called hee would haue returned them home with this answere but they replied that the King their maister would take any oth but to deliuer places into a third mans hand hee would not doe it giuing many pertinent reasons why hee should not yeeld to it After many allegations and disputes herevpon the Queene said that if it pleased the King her husband to sweare and promise to Pope Clement the French King and to the King her brother to vse her well she would returne The Ambassadors answered that the Cardinal D. Pedro of Luna had already propounded such an oth and that the King their maister had answered that it was not needfull the French King should meddle with any controuersies betwixt him and his wife and that for the rest he would make no difficulty These disputes increasing more and more to the great griefe of the King of Castile who knew well that the Queene his sister was staied for some other consideration and that the obiections made against her husband were meere slanders he was much perplexed for he both loued Charles King of Nauarre and the Queene also The Ambassadors being out of hope to worke the Queenes returne they demaund the Infanta D. Ieanne the King of Nauarres eldest daughter to whom the succession of the Realme did belong for want of heires males to be deliuered vnto them to carry her into Nauarre to the King her father seeing he might not hope for any more children by the Queene persisting in her vnreasonable resolution to liue from his company The Queene excusing her selfe said that it was not her intent to liue seperated from King Charles but she desired to bee assured of her life And the King her brother who alwaies perswaded her to bee well aduised and to beleeue what he said vnto her was forced to send Alnar Nugnes of Villa Real President of his Chancery into Nauarre to take information of these venimous herbes which shee said had beene giuen her by the physitian a Iew and to bring the depositions of the witnesses
Arragon Arragon sonne to D. Pedro the Cerimonious hauing reigned nine yeeres and three monthes went about that time into the Island of Majorca whether he had beene drawne by the seditions of the Islanders raysed against the Iewes which dwelt among them whom they had slaine and spoiled after the manner of the Castillans and Arragonois incensed by a seditious Archdeacon preaching at Seuile with which mischiefe all the townes of Spaine were in the end infected except Saragossa The King hauing punished the chiefe authors of these hatefull mutinies in his returne he was driuen by a storme to Cap de Cruz about Ampurias from whence being come to Castillon Death of D. Iohn King of Arragon he was surprized by sodaine death some hold that it was in chasing the Wolfe in the woods of Foxa others say hee fell and bruzed his skull in the yeere 1395. This Prince 1395. as we haue formerly said had taken to wife a French Lady called Martha daughter to Iames Earle of Armaignac who gouerned him quietly by whom he had one only daughter called Ioane married at the time of his death to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn which was the cause of much warre in Arragon The Queene D. Martha being dead soone after her deliuery the King D. Iohn married Donna Violant daughter to the Duke of Bar who brought him a soone but of short life and lies interred at Saragossa and afterwards a daughter carrying the mothers name and married in her time to Lewis duke of Aniou sonne to that Lewis which died in Italy pursuing his interest to the realme of Naples After the death of King Iohn Mathew Earle of Foix who had married his eldest daughter pretended according to the custome practised in Spaine The Arragonois reiect D. Ioane from the succession and choose D. Martin that the carowne of Arragon did belong vnto his wife and sought all meanes to botaine it but the Arragonois would not then subiect themselues vnder a strange Prince and reiecting the womans right they did choose D. Martin for their king who was brother to the deceased and was then in Sicile These quarrels rysing from the succession in Arragon and the reiection of the heire of that realme which happened soone after the returne of the Queene Donna Leonora into Nauarre it mooued King Charles to take an oth of his subiects that they should maintaine the Realme to his eldest daughter and successiuely to the rest The end of the seuenteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1. PRroceeding of D. Henry King of Castile against the Earle of Gijon in France 2. Actions of Mahumet Guadix and other Kings of Granado treacheries poysonings and other excesse of that nation to reigne 3. Deeds of D. Henry King of Castile called the sickly Examples of his Iustice temperance and rigour with other pollitike acts 4. Iohn Pablo a Iew a learned man and his conuersation with the honours and dignities which he and his children obtained in Spaine 5. Reformation of the Knights of the Calatraua 6. Warre betwixt Portugal and Castile for the crowne 7. The Dutchesse of Momblanc seizeth vpon the realme of Arragon in the name of her husband D. Martin who was the 15. King of Arragon and the first of that name wherevnto the Estates consented 8. Confirmation of D. Martin King of Arragon his carriage in the gouernment of his realme to forraine Princes and the Pope 9. Death of D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo his family qualities workes and buildings Vacancy of that sea foure yeeres 10. Ruy Lopes d' Aualos and the beginning of the house of Aualos 11. Continuation of the Schisme friar Vincent Ferrier a great preacher 12. Warre against the Moores of Granado the death of King Henry the 3. 13. Marriage of D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre with Don Martin King of Sicile Accord made by the King of Nauarre with the French King for the Lands of his patrimony that were seized 14. D. Iohn the second of that name King of Castile an Infant of two and twenty monthes old Fidelity and modestie of D. Fernand the Kings vncle Castile gouerned by him and the Queene mother 15. Warre of Granado managed by the Infant Don Fernand first vse of Artillerie in Spaine 16. Superstitions new sects and a third head in the church of Rome 17. Warre of Sardinia troubles at Valencia death of D. Martin the sonne King of Sicile Marriage of D. Martin the father King of Arragon 18. Warre of Castile against the Moores 19 Death of D. Martin King of Arragon Factions for the succession to that crowne The pretendants Arbitrators named to choose a King 20. Duke of Benaâ—ent escapes out of prison The Iewes and Moores commanded to carry certaine markes by the councell of friar Vincent Ferrier 21 D. Fernand first of that name and the 16. King of Arragon opposition of the Earle of Vrgel his imprisonment the Kings coronation 22. Retreat of Pope Benedict into Spaine Councell of Constance Estates at Sarragossa Marriage of the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon with Donna Maria of Castile 23. D. Alphonso the fifth King of Arragon 24 Gouernment of Castile vnder Donna Catherina the Queene mother 25 Proceeding of the Councel of Constance against Pope Benedict and his obstinacy 26 Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt 27 Family of Estuniga death of the Queene Regent and other affaires of Castile 28 Deeds of D. Iohn King of Portugal Monastery of the battaile and other workes built by him Taking of Ceuta in Barbary descouerie of the Madera's First search of the Portugals into the South and East seas 29 Marriage of the Infant D. Iohn brother to D. Alphonso King of Arragon and of D. Blanch of Nauarre widow Queene of Sicile 30 Marriage pursued with violence by Don Henry maister of Saint Iames brother to the King of Arragon of Donna Catherina Infanta of Castile and what followed 31 Causes of the warre of Naples attempted by D. Alphonso King of Arragon Estate of that Realme vnder Queene Ioane the second 32 Aduancement of D. Aluaro de Luna to be Constable of Castile 33 D. Iohn first of that name and 32. King of Nauarre in the right of D. Blanch his wife 34 Deliuery of D. Henry maister of Saint Iames being prisoner Estates at Toro Restitution of the Constable being chased away ambition of D. Iohn king of Nauarre and of his brother D. Henry 35 New Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 36 Estate of the Moores of Granado vnder Mahumet the left-handed and other Kings 37 Troubles betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 38 Marriage of Donna Isabella of Portugal to Philip duke of Bourgondy Institution of the Order to the golden Fleece 39 Proceeding by iustice against the King of Nauarre and his partisans in Castile 40 Peace concluded betwixt Portugal and Castile D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira first Constable of Portugal and
his last acts Kings in Spaine mentioned in this eighteenth Booke ARRAGON 15. D. Martin 1. 16. D. Fernand 1. 17. D. Alphon 5. CASTILE and LEON 18. D. Iohn 2. and the 39. NAVARRE 32. D. Iohn 1. IN the reigne of King Henry the third it often appeered how vaine the enterprises of bad subiects are against a vertuous and innocent Prince for God did preserue this poore pupill from the ambitious rage of his Tutors Princes Prelats and great Lords of Castile ruining them by their owne discord And he did so much honour the royall Maiesty as when as this young Prince had taken vpon him the gouernment of the realme at the age of foureteene yeeres he deliuered them into his hands to punish them as their obstinate rebellion and ingratitude had deserued Being freed as we haue said of the Duke of Benauent the Queene of Nauarre and the Archbishop of Saint Iames and hauing by their example reduced the Earle of Transtamara and the Archbishop of Toledo to their duties there onely remained D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon his vncle who was reduced to that extremity as he was forced to vndergoe the censure of a strange Prince in a cause which concerned his honor his goods and his liberty the which he might haue enioyed with reputation yea much augmented his dignity if he had contained himselfe with modesty in the fauor of D. Henry King of Castile his naturall Prince According to the accord made at the seege of Gijon the King sent his Ambassadors to the French King to debate the causes he had to dispossesse D. Alphonso who hauing staied many daies in the court of France Proceeding against the Earl of Gijon the Earle of Gijon nor his Attorney appeering and the time of the assignation being expired they prepared for their returne when they had newes that their aduerse party was come to the coast of Brittaine and was comming towards Paris wherefore to giue more countenance to their cause they attended Being arriued hee spake with King Charles for his iustification accusing the King his Nephew that he sought to take his portion from him lying in Asturia Leon and Castile the which was asigned him by the deceased King D. Iohn his brother adding many other charges and excesse wherevnto the Ambassadors answered pertinently laying open the Earles ingratitude rebellion and conspiracy against the King his Lord and benefactor who had drawne him out of prison and restored him to all his goods the which King Iohn had iustly taken from him adding therevnto pensions Estates and honours and accusing him in particular of the violent vsurpation of the towne of Paredes of Naua and other tyranicall actions done by him hauing also refused to signe the truce of Portugal with many others acts of contempt and fellony concluding that hee ought to loose the Earldome of Gijon and to be wholy left to the discretion and will of the King his Lord so as in the proofes of these crimes exhibited by the Ambassadors in defence of their Princes actions hauing not any thing to reply publikely he gaue the Lords of the French Kings councell secretly to vnderstand that the ill will which the King his Nephew bare him incensed by his bad councellors who werre corrupt and mercenary proceeded from nothing else but that hee had alwaies opposed himselfe to the practises and secret intelligences which they had with the English in league with whom they would draw the King of Castile to the preiudice of the friendship and ancient alliance which was betwixt the houses of Castile and France wherefore he intreated them to deale so with King Charles as he would iudge fauorably of his cause causing his Estates and Lands to be restored to him againe promising all his life time to doe him good and loyal seruice The King desirous to reconcile Princes that wee neere in bloud caused the Ambassadors to be treated with about a prorogation of the assignation for they had protested that the time prefixt being expired through the Earles negligence and contempt to whom the King their master had caused three hundred thousand marauidis to be deliuered for the charges of his voiage and to take from him all excuse that they could no more appeere before him as before their Iudge yet they said that seeing the King of Castile their Lord had submitted himselfe vnto his Iudgment for the brotherly loue that was betwixt them notwithstanding that many of his councell had diswaded him holding it a disparragement for the soueraigne Prince to contend with his vassall and subiects before a strange Iudge and out of his country and iurisdiction They were of opinion that if the Earle Don Alphonso did willingly deliuer the towne of Gijon vnto the King of Castile and submit himselfe to his will and mercy that by his intercession the Earle should obtaine a safe conduit and assurance to come into Castile and so he should treat of his affaires more profitably then by any other course They withall made a request vnto King Charles in the name of the King their Lord that for the league which was betwixt the two Kings and realmes he would be pleased to command D. Alphonso to depart his country which the French King could not refuse and therefore he caused notice to be giuen vnto the Earle that he should retire himselfe commanding all Gouernors of Prouinces especially of port towns not to giue him any fauor or aide wherefore he went away in poore estate kept himself some daies about Rochelle The six monthes of truce concluded betwixt the King and him being many daies before expired and yet the Ambassadors had not written any thing concerning the conclusion of this sute there were some troupes of horse and foote sent about Gijon after which the King came with greater forces both by land and sea the which did so presse the place as the Contesse Donna Isabella of Portugal yeelded it compounding for her life and liberty and of some Knights that were within it and the deliuery of her sonne D. Henry whom the King held in hostage In the meane time letters came out of France from the Ambassadors contayning what had past in this cause wherewith the King was wel satisfied The miserable Countesse Isabella daughter to D. Fernand King of Portugal being destitute of all meanes went into France to her husband D. Alphonso who was poore Gijon yeelded vnto the King and the Earle dispossest and banished into France and without any helpe or fauour but from the Vicontesse of Touars in whose country he liued in the towne of Marant After the taking of Gijon the King went to Seuile to treat a truce with the Moores being sollicited by King Mahumet then reigning in Granado the third after the death of Mahumet the old who was bruted to haue poisoned the King D. Henry the second and this was his succession Mahumet Guadix the tenth King of Granado MAhumet surnamed Guadix after the death of Mahumet the Old his
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
the time that Eugenius liued notwithstanding that hee had retayned his dignitie after whose death Nicholas the fift being chosen at Rome he renounced his Popedome hauing held it 9. years and fiue moneths the rest of his dayes hee passed with the title of Cardinall of Santa Sabina The reason which drew the king of Castile in such hast to Vailledolit was for that hee had beene aduertised there were some knights would stirre vp new troubles thither came Ambassadors againe to him from Arragon 1448. in the beginning of the yeare 1448. who hauing treated of many things in the end they concluded a truce for seuen moneths betwixt Castile and Nauarre whereof the garrisons of Nauarre beeing not aduertised in time they continuing their hostility in Castile they surprized the towne of S. Cruz of Campeço by scalado it belonging to Lope of Rojas whom they carried away with his wife and many others And moreouer the Gouernour of Albarazin seazed vppon the castell of Huelamo in the Bishoppricke of Cuenca the which hauing beene ill guarded by the Castillans was well worse by these so as Iohn Hurtado of Meudoça recoured it by the meanes of a Castillan souldier who was there in gouernement among the Naurrois The king of Castile sent into Nauarre to summon Prince Charles in consequence of the truce to deliuer Don Lope de Rojas and the towne of Santa Cruz the which was done A combate At that time a knight of Bourgondie called Iames of Lalain did fight a combate without any cause of quarrell but onely to make triall of his valour as it was the maner in those times against Don Diego de Guzman brother to the Lord of Torrija at Vailledolit Don Diego was sore wounded in the fore-head with a battell-axe after which they closed but the King casting his staffe parted the combate and did great honour to the Bourguignon Ambition and couetousnesse as they say haue neither bounds nor bottome the which shewes it selfe chiefly in such as haue the gouernement of great Estates whereof at that time Don Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile was a notable president who not content with the happinesse to haue seene a dangerous League conspired to his ruine by so many Princes and great Noblemen broken himselfe restored to the Princes fauour and to triumph ouer his enemies but hee would plunge them into the like miserie as hee had escaped and wholly gouerne the king and Realme with Don Iohn de Pacheco the Princes Minion Practises of the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna and so diuide all the honours fauours and greatnesse of Spaine betwixt them Don Alphonso of Fonseca newly made Bishop of Auila was an apt Councellor for their deâ—â—eigne who was of opinion that they should cause some of the great ones who were offensiue vnto them to be committed to prison Hauing therefore mediated an enterview of the king and Prince betwixt Tordesillas and Villeverd the Court beeing very great and stately there were apprehended the Earles of Benauent and Alba Don Pedro and Suero of Quignones and Don Henry brother to the Admirall Don Frederick who was also vppon the rowle but beeing ill disposed he came not to this enterview so as hee escaped and so did Don Diego Gomes of Sandoual Earle of Castro Xeris who beeing either aduertised or doubting of some practise stayed at home and afterwards hauing aduice that the king came to Aguilar del campo and the Prince to Lerma to take the Admirall and him they both left their houses and retired to Nauarrette and from thence passed to Tudele where the King of Nauarre was whose faction was the accusation and colour of these imprisonments the Constable saying moreouer that they had conspired to kill him The Admirall and Earle of Castro were very kindly entertayned by the King of Nauarre who led them with him to Sarragossa where it was resolued that the Admirall should go to Naples to the King of Arragon to acquaint him with the gouernement of Castile and to sollicite him to come into Spayne to ayde them to recouer their rankes dignities and lands or else that he would giue them leaue to vse his forces of Arragon According to this Councell the Admirall embarked at Barcelona and went to Naples The king of Castile hauing no great confidence in Don Diego Manrique who had the guard of the frontier of Nauarre he forced him to leaue the forts of Ocon Nauarret and Treuigno and gaue them himselfe in guard to the Earle of Haro his Brother-in-law for one yeare These things thus done all the lands of them that were absent were seized on and put into the kings hands many Noblemen in Court beeing much offended at these violences but aboue all others they found the Earle of Albas imprisonment very strange who had alwaies shewed himselfe a faithfull seruant to the king and a partizan to the Constable and euery man examined his conscience many beeing terrified remembring that they had offended the King or the Prince in some light matters so as there were retreates made daily from Court without leaue with other confusions which made the king to see from whence the mischiefe came besides throughout all Spaine they spake plainely and boldly that the Constables ambitious desire to raigne in Spain had caused this tumult in Court and so wronged the Noblemen that were prisoners Don Alphonso King of Portugall sonne to Donna Leonora sister to the king of Nauarre beeing dead in Castile as it was thought of poyson beganne to apprehend it yea the King of Granado stirred in fauour of them that were so vnworthily poursued by the Constable wherewith the king of Castile beeing mooued hee had a desire to seize vppon the Constable yet distrusting the inconstancie of the Prince his sonne he durst not do it There were some troupes of horse and foote sent to the frontiers of Nauarre and Granado Moores of Granado incited by the king of Nauarre against Castile especially against the Moores who spoyled the Countrie of Murcia King Mahumet Aben-Ozmen beeing sollicited by the King of Nauarre to do the worst hee could to the Christians of Castile where all was full of seditions but these were practises vnworthie of a Christian Prince yet vsuall among the Princes of this world that are at warre who oftentimes make religion a vaile to couer their couetous and inordinate passions and affections Mahumet Coxo the 17. king of Granado THis Mahumet called Coxo Granado beeing come to the Crowne of Granado by the violence hee vsed against his vncle Mahumet maintained himselfe with the like art wherat many of the Knights of Granado beeing incensed they retired themselues to Montefrio a place which onely reiected the command of this tyrant beeing held by Andilbar who had beene high Marshall to King Mahumet the left-handed who entertayned an enemie to King Coxo to dispossesse him of the Crowne as hee had done his Vncle. It was the Infant Aben Izmael who hauing followed
of Castile attempts to deceiue the Barcelonois and king Iohn Ekewise and hope to deale in such sort as the Realme of Nauarre or a great part thereof should by the treaty of peace fall to the crowne of Castile To giue a certaine forme wherevnto they sent word to King Iohn and to the Earle of Foix to send vnto them certaine French captaines of those which were in Cattalogna to conferre about meanes of agreement with the King of Castile and they vsed other practizes to giue the French a distast of that warre seeking their owne profit vnder collour of making an agreement betweene the King of Arragon and his subiects whilest the broiles continued in Cattalogna the Earle of Pallars and the Lord of Cruillas with a great number of souldiars hauing againe beseeged Girona were ouerthrowne and put to flight by Peter of Roquabertin Gouernor of the City The French refused to fight with the Castillians and they lost many of their people with their baggage The French marching towards Morella brought diuers places on the coast of Vrgel vnder the Kings obedience but meeting neere Ixar with the Castillians hauing good meanes to charge them it is said that they gaue them to vnderstand that in regard of the friendship and perpetuall confederacy betweene the Kings of France and Castile they would couch their Launces against the Castillian standard and thereof they excused themselues to the King of Arragon saying that they were so commaunded to doe and therefore besought him to take in good part if they went about to appease the differences betwixt them The King of Arragon fashioning himselfe to their aduice and hauing great hope in the good iudgement of the French king in those businesses hee did consent that one of the French captaines should passe into Castile to the towne of Mountagu where king Henry should meete to conferre with him about fit meanes to compose all those differences the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena brought the king thither vnder collour of hunting and it was agreed vpon that the French king should be entreated to send an Ambassador into Castile to cause the warre to cease The captaine being returned related to the king of Arragon and to his sonne in law the Earle of Foix what hee had concluded with the King of Castile and at their entreaty the French King Lewis the eleuenth sent an Ambassadour to the King of Castile who found the Court at Almaçan and hauing had audience a day was taken for the enterview of the three Kings of France Castile and Arragon vpon the frontiers betweene Fontarabie and Saint Iohn de Luz and in the meane time there was a cessation from armes on all sides the Cattelans were excluded from this accord remayning doubtfull betwixt hope and feare attending the issue of that enterview The King Don Iohn allowing all these things came to Saragossa with intent to meet at the day appointed for the Kings enterview The Earle of Foix the presumptiue heire of Nauarre in the right of his wife went thither being very honourably receiued especially of the Beaumonts faction Now the time of the enterview being come the King of Arragon for diuers reasons could not or would not appeare relying in the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with the King of Castile and vpon his sonne in law Gaston of Foix who knew very well how to maintaine his honour and to increase his profit with the French King About the end of March in the yeere 1463. the King Don Henry arriued at Saint Sebastians in the Prouince of Guipuscoa and king Lewis came the same time to Bayonne vnto whom were sent as Ambassadours from the king of Castile the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with Aluar Gomes of Ciudad-reall his principall secretary they hauing so councelled him to the end to treate with him about the agreement and pacification of the troubles betweene the kings of Castile and Arragon The Marquis of Villena becommeth pentionâ—r to the King the vncle and Nephew and betweene the king of Arragon and the Cattelans his subiects It is reported that the Marquis of Villena made an agreement with the French king being by him recompenced with a yeerely pention of twelue thousand crownes Matters beeing then thus handled by them king Lewis as Iudge and arbitrator betweene both parties set downe his sentence in this manner That King Henry of Castile should wholy abstaine from medling in the businesse of the Cattellans that within twenty daies hee should call all his souldiars out of Cattalonia and that for the expences which hee had beene at in the same warre the King of Arragon should giue vnto him the towne of Estella with all the demaines belonging therevnto which is one of the fiue members of the Kingdome of Nauarre with a certaine summe of doublons of gold all which he should be bound to performe within sixe monthes in which meane time Queene Ioane of Arragon should bee held as ostage in the towne of Larraga vnder the safe keeping of the Archbishop of Toledo That the Cattelans should become obedient to their King vnto whom a generall pardon should bee graunted of all that was past for assurance whereof King Iohn should giue them sufficient ostages This sentence hurtfull to the Kingdome of Nauarre odious to the Cattelans and little to the King of Castiles honour was allowed of and receiued by the three Ambassadors aboue named who wrote to King Henry aduising him to set forward with his Court and traine to Fontaraby and at that instant the Marquis of Villena arriued bringing along with him the Earle of Comminges Admirall of France who came from the King his Maister to entreate the King of Castile that they might see one an other vpon French ground the which they had before concluded vpon at Bayonne King Lewis beeing come to Saint Iohn de Luz Enterview of King Lewis the eleuenth and King Henry the fourth of Castile at Endayâ— the two Kings met at the riuer of Vidaso which in that place parteth both the Kingdomes the which riuer as the Spaniards say which all that which the flowing of the sea couers belongs to Spaine King Henry with diuerse great Lords and Knights beeing in diuerse boates did passe the riuer amongst whom were Don Pero Gonçales of Mendoza Bishop of Calaorra Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Gomes of Caceres Maister of Alcantara Don Iohn of Valençuela Prior of Saint Iohns Don Lewis de Acugna Bishop of Burgos Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma with others verie brauely and richlie appointed The French King and his Courtiers beeing meanly cloathed were by the Spaniards derided and scorned These two great Princes hauing louingly saluted and imbrased one an other vpon the shoare with diuerse kinde speeches and ceremonies vsuall at such times King Henry speaking first they went to a village called Endaya belonging to the French King where in the presence
into the Cittie riding vppon a white Courser by Saint Anthonies gate of the same cittie which hee sound vnprouided of all manner of victuals wherewith he caused them presently to bee furnished so as without the aboue-named defeate necessity would haue enforced them to haue yeelded By this peace which happened so opportunely the miseries of Cattalonia were ended which had troubled the whole State of Arragon for the space of tenne yeares He which shewed most prowesse and performed the notablest exploites in this warre was Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa hermosa a Prince worthie of great prayse and high commendation who dyed afterwards in the seruice of his brother King Fernand raigning in Castile D. Alphonso of Arragon his posteritie at a place called Linares leauing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon heire to his Dutchie of Villa hermosa who was Knight of the Order of Saint Iames and a Daughter called Donna Maria of Arragon who was maaried to the Prince of Salerne Hee had out of wedlocke Don Iohn of Arragon Earle of Luna Captaine of the Castle of Amposta Don Alphonso of Arragon who was Bishop of Tortosa and afterward Arch-bishoppe of Tarragone Don Fernand of Arragon Prior of Saint Iohns of Cattalonia together with Donna Leonora of Arragon wife to the Earle of Albayda This peace was no sooner concluded but the King had newes of a new rumult raised in Nauarre Nauarre whereinto the Princesse his daughter voluntarily had runne herselfe with great danger and many of her seruants lost their liues It happened after this manner Iohn d' Athondo the Kings Auditour of his accounts and Cittizen of Pampelona with Michaell Ollacarizqueta and others of the same cittie seruants to the King and the Princesse and of the Faction of Grammont did vndertake in hatred and disgrace of the contrarie partie of Beaumont who possessed the Cittie of Pampelona to bring the Princesse Donna Leonora into the same Practises of D. Leonora Couatesse of Foix. with troupes of souldiers and to make her peaceable and absolute Ladie thereof they hauing then communicated together about their plot it was thought fit that the Princesse should come in a morning before day to the Iewes gate otherwise called the Tower of the royall gate and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre should make himselfe Master of the two next towers The appoynted time beeing come the Princesse with her attendants found the gate opened by those of Grammont Rashnesse of D. Leonora through the which beeing brought in the Marshall possessed the two Towers with three-score and tenne Gentlemen and on a suddaine they beganne to crie God saue the Princesse God sane the Princesse at this rumour those of Beaumont albeit they were amazed at so vnlooked-for an accident happening in the night ranne to armes and behaued themselues in such sort as they not onely hindred their enemies from further entring into the cittie but enforced the Princesse and her people to get them thence in great hast for the most part of the souldiers which should haue followed her were not yet arriued Hauing recouered the gate they beseeged the Marshall Don Pedro and his souldiers which were in the two towers who at the first would not yeeld but in the end when they sawe the Cannon was readie to play vppon them they were content to parley The Princesse fearing least some euill might happen to the Marshall and those that were beseeged with him sent word to the Cittizens that what was done was by her speciall commaundement and therefore intreated them to do them no hurt At the last they yeelded vppon promise made that they should all depart with their Armes without any harme either in word or deed which notwithstanding they were all taken and shut vp in the Kings prisons of the cittie The Marshall with his followers slayne where soone after they were cruelly and perfidiously stabd to death with daggers and it is reported that the Marshall was slaine by the hands of Philip of Beaumont brother to the Earle of Lerin This act did very much displease the Princesse who commaunded that the same gate should euer after be called the gate of treason or the traytors gate and in some sort to reuenge that wrong they proceeded against the Earle of Lerin and against Don Iohn of Beaumont Prior of Saint Iohns and Chancellor of the Kingdome and against Don Philip and their breethren and Don Iohn Earle of Luza Charles of Artieda and his children Arnold d' Otza the Prouosts and Iurates of Pampelona with others their allyes and complices who by the iudgement and authoritie of the King and his Councell were condemned to death depriuation of honours defamation of their houses and confiscation of their goods as guiltie of high treason The Records of those times taxe the Earle of Lerin saying that hee to the end hee might the better enioy the cittie had driuen thence the Kings and Princesses seruants and had established therein Officers and souldiers such as were at his deuotion contrary to their authoritie whose iurisdiction hee did vsurpe vexing and tyrannizing the Kingdome That by the fauour and ayde of the Earle the Guipuscoans had ouerthrowne the forts of Larraun Lecunberry Leyça and Gorriti and that hee beeing sundrie times sent for by the Princesse to come to the Parliament and Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdome would neuer obey her commaundement That the Earle of Foix hauing sent his children Iohn and Peter of Foix both in his owne name and the Princesse to perswade him to returne to his due obedience hee did reiect their admonishments and derided Pope Pauls commandement in that behalfe the which things full of contumacie and contempt had induced the Princesse to make that attempt Others thinke that her owne extreame ambition and desire to beare rule did more mooue her than any of the Earles misdemeanours which were not lightly to bee esteemed On the other side the Earle of Lerin and his Faction did arraigne and condemne others of their aduerse partie and as for the Marshals death hee excused himselfe saying that he came to seeke him and had done his best to surprise the Cittie and to cut the throates of those of Beaumont who were in the same yet for all that this could not excuse his breach of promise The King afterward recompenced Iohn d' Athondo with a perpetuall rent to him and his heires of sixe-score golden Florens by the yere of the coyne of Arragon and besides that did permit him to beare in a quarter of his coate the royall of Armes of Nauarre To Michael Ollacarizqueta was likewise giuen other rewards This sedition happened in Pampelona about the end of the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty one Concerning the affaires of Castile Castile about the time that Toledo and other Citties of the Kingdome did reuolt the which wee lately mentioned Donna Maria of Portocarrero wife to Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and Master of Saint
aduertizing him that if that Castle which was the fort of the Cittie of the Kingdome were lost he should neuer hope to raigne in Castile therefore it behooued him to come and succour it when the king of Portugal vnderstood thus much he gathered together as great forces as he could conueniently and marched towards Areualo where the Arch-bishoppe of Tolledo and the Marquis of Villena did meete him with troupes of chosen souldiers who againe did sweare vnto him not to acknowledge any other King in Castile but himselfe Queene Izabella was at the same time newly come to Vailliodolit out of Leon where shee had displaced the Captaine of the towers of the same cittie whome she knew to haue intelligence with the Portugois and placed an other in his roome and hearing of King Alphonso's comming to Areualo and that the aboue-named Lords were ioyned with him shee speedily sent Don Iohn de Silua Earle of Cifuentes to Olmedo and Don Guttiere of Cardegna to Medina del Campo to the end to hinder the enemies from enterprising vpon those places and to wearie them The Earle of Cifuentes who was young hotte and desirous to winne honour would contrarie to the aduice of the elder and more experienced Captaines needes runne to Areualo and there to lay an ambush for the enemie but hee was discouered and the enemie came foorth vppon him with greater forces so as hee was constrayned with great dishonour to returne backe to Olmedo beeing defeated and ashamed The Earle of Cifuentes defeatâ—d by the Portugoâ—s After this victory the King of Portugall the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo the Marquis of Villena and other Lords marched towards Pegnafiel a towne belonging to the Earle of Vregna where they remayned expecting some other companies which were to be ioyned to their army Vppon this occasion Queene Izabella came to Palença with the Cardinall of Spaine the Admirall the Earle of Benauent and others from whence shee sent the Earle of Benauent with certaine men at armes who lodged in Baltanas a towne neere to Pegnafiel and from thence made continuall roades cutting off those which carried victuals to the Portugals campe who were greatly distressed thereby wherefore the King of Portugall sent to assayle the same place where the Portugals sought so furiously as notwithstanding the great resistance which the Earle and his souldiers made The Earle of 〈◊〉 taken prisoner they entred and tooke it and brought away the Earle of Benauent prisoner beeing wounded to the campelying at Pegnafiel with diuers other braue Knights These two ouerthrowes of the Earles of Cifuentes and Benauent did greatly trouble the Queen who was aduised for the best to go to Burgos to the king her husband where the castle still held out and made wonderfull resistance The king of Portugall in the meane time made no hast to succour it for he was inferiour in forces to the armie of the Kings his aduersaries and withall hee greatly feared that the cittie of Zamora stood not firme for his seruice therefore hee chose the safest way which was to returne to Areualo with purpose to put greater garrisons into Zamora and Toro Donna Leonora Pimentell Dutchesse of Areualo who was sister to the Earle of Benauent and a Ladie of great woorth obtayned her brothers libertie of King Alphonso agreeing vppon his ransome and promised that he should no more serue the King and Queene in those warres for assurance whereof he gaue the townes of Portillo Villalua and Majorga in pawne and albeit the king promised great honours and rewards to the Earle of Benauent to the end to draw him to his seruice yet he would neuer consent thereto but in regard of this mishap he remayned as neuter The yeare one thousand An. 1476. foure hundred seuenty sixe those of Ocagna beeing kept short by the Garrisons of the Marquis of Villena and tyred with their oppressions returned to the seruice of the King and Queene beeing ayded and fauoured by the Earle of Cifuentes and by Don Iohn de Ribera who came thither with great troupes of souldiers Queene Izabella gaue the gouernement of that place to the Earle of Paredes enemie and competitor to the Marquis who beeing by little and little dispossest of what hee held did greatly complaine thereof to the king of Portugall saying that he had sustained those losses by beeing in his seruice and he did request him to passe on with his forces to Madrid assuring him that by the assistance of the Archb. of Toledo the Master of Calatraua and with the forces of the same kingdome of Toledo which took his part not onely in a short time to recouer what was taken from him but that his affaires would prosper the better The King of Portugall hauing had therevpon the aduise of the Lords and Captaines of his army was aduised not to leaue the hilly country on that side of Burgos for whosoeuer was possessed thereof might boldly terme himselfe Maister of Castill and Leon and withall if he should seeme to march towards Toledo the enemy would say that he did run away from them wherefore he entertayned the Marquis with promise to aide him in all he could and more-ouer to recompence him with great guifts and honours prouided that hee would take some good order for his affaires and in some sort prouide for the present danger From that time the Marquis who felt his losses and saw no hope of rising againe The Marquis of Villena beginneth to incline to King Ferdinand Queene Isabels side began to thinke vpon fit meanes to returne to the King and Queenes seruice At the same time the Citty of Zamora did seeke some fit occasion to rebell against the King of Portugal whereof hee stood in some doubt and vsed such dilligence for the discouery of their practizes as hee had notice of a plot which they had layd for the which he caused foure of the chiefest Cittizens to be put to death Yet notwithstanding Francis de valdez Captaine of the bridge of Zamora beeing solicited by Queene Izabell did promise to deliuer that forte into her hand and withall to giue her entry into the Citty but that it behooued King Ferdinand to bee present in person at soe great an enterprise The King was not slacke at such an occasion but leauing his brother Don Alphonso of Arragon and the Constable at the siege of the Castle of Burgos hee came thither in a disguised habit beeing accompanied with three horsse-men by the way of Valiodolit causing it to be giuen out that he was sicke and kept his chamber Although this enterprise seemed to be kept close yet the King of Portugall had notice thereof and did meane to put a new supply of such as he durst trust into the bridge vnder collour of sending certaine soldiers forth in the night a boot haling but the Captaine would not suffer them to passe bidding them come in the day time saying that the night is euer dangerous to strong places and passages of
the king left the duke of Guimaranes within Toro and marched towards Zamora on the other side opposite to the Castle the riuer beeing betwixt them and hauing planted his campe round about the bridge hee did thereby hinder all men from comming foorth of the cittie on that side The placing of the campe seemed strange to king Fernand for the Portugals could no way from thence helpe those of the Castle nor yet hinder his armie much lesse could they come to battaile The King of Portugals vanity and it seemed that he did rather seeke vainly to be accounted bold and valiant by lodging so neere his enemie than to perform any worthie act as it appeared by that which hee did write to the French king the Pope and to diuers other Princes as also by that which hee published throughout all Spaine Queene Izabella sent the Duke of Villa-hermosa her brother-in-law and the Constable with two thousand horse to Fuente del Sabuco and to Alaheyos to keepe and cutte off the enemies campe from victualles and to distresse it In the meane time there wanted no mediatours for peace betwixt both the kings but it was in vaine and to no purpose The Portugall armie hauing for the space of fifteene dayes beene abroade in the fields in the dead time of cold winter the king Alphonso determined to returne to Toro And to to the end he might do it safely he sent Don Aluaro of Portugall sonne to the Duke of Bragança and the Licentiate Anthonie Nugnes of Cite Roderigo to the King of Castile to treate of a peace vppon certaine conditions which beeing refused them they had in charge to demaund a truce for a few dayes thereby to bring matters to a finall agreement This was but a pollicie to auoyd battaile and to be able to bring his armie in safetie backe to Toro There were sundrie opinions thereuppon and at the last they were answered that the truce which should be graunted should bee but short and if there were nothing concluded betwixt the two Kings King Alphonso of Portugal dislâ—dgeth froÌ„ before Zamora hee of Portugall might bee well assured not to bee suffered to depart thence with so great ease as hee imagined King Alphonso hauing vnderstood this answer beganne to dislodge secretly the same night the next day the scoutes seeing the place emptie aduertized the King that the enemie was dislodged who foorth-with commaunded the Captaines to leade the armie foorth into the field and to follow them the presse was so great at the passage of the bridge and at the going ouer the riuer of Duero by boate and other-waies as the soldiers could conueniently as a good part of the day was spent before the armie could passe the riuer and much time was afterward lost in ranging the battaile into wings and squadrons which was ordered after this manner They made a squadron of the kings Guard Battel betwixt the Spaniaâ—ds and Portugois and of the troupes of horse of Lemos and Salamanca of the Townes of Olmedo Valiodolit Medina del Campo with others which was commaunded by the great Master Don Henry Henriques On the right hand of this squadron were sixe battaillions the first was conducted by Don Aluaro of Mendoza who a little before that time was created Earle of Castro Xeris and Don Guttiere of Cardegnas and Rodrigo of Vlloa the second by the two Alphonso's of Fonseca the one Bishoppe of Auila and the other Lord of Coca and Alaexos the third by Pedro de Guzman the fourth by Bernard Franc the fifth by Don Pedro de Velasco and the sixt by Vasco de Biâ—ar brother to the Bishoppe of Salamanca On the left hand the Cardinal of Spaine ledde the first battalion the second the Duke of Alua the third the Earle of Alua de Lista the fourth Don Garcia Osorio who brought thither the troupes of the Marquis of Astorga his Nephew betwixt these two the foote-men were placed and in this manner the army marched on vnto the hilles which are betwixt Zamora and Toro and there it stayed It was thought that the Portugals making such hast would bee at Toro before the Spanish armie should passe these hilles and a Councell beeing called to determine what was best to be done the most part were of opinion to turne backe againe and to content themselues to haue gained the honour that the enemies had fled from them but the Cardinall of Spayne beeing a wise man and of an exceeding great spirit thinking that they did iudge amisse of the King of Portugals desseignes intreated the king to suffer him to goe to the toppe of those hilles with certaine troupes of horse for discouerie who hauing obtayned leaue and beeing gotten vp to a very high place hee espyed the armie of Portugall in order of battaile without any trouble or confusion at all Returning then to the king he told him that the enemies meant nothing lesse then to flie and that hee had seene them standing in good and martiall order wayting if any would follow to fight with them Whereuppon euery man beeing placed and ranked in his order and squadron the armie with great courage and resolution marched on The king of Portugall descrying the Spaniards marching towards them caused his people foorth-with to make a stand and with great magnanimitie to turne their faces towards them resoluing rather to dye fighting then to retirie with shame Hee was at the same time stronger in horse-men than king Ferdinand wherefore after hee had diuided his squadrons betwixt himselfe his sonne the Prince the Bishoppe of Ebora the Earles of Phâ—ro Villa-reall and other Captaines and encouraged the Knights and souldiers with a large and well-composed speech putting them in mind of the victorie which King Iohn the first wonne from the Spaniards at Aljubarotta he caused them to march forward to the fight The chiefe strength and flower of the Portugall Cauallerie lay in the squadron of Prince Iohn against whom King Fernand caused the sixth battaillion on his right hand to aduance themselues altogether albeit that D. Alphonso de Fonseca first of all and Don Aluaro de Mendoça Earle of Castro after him had requested the honour to bee the first that might charge them The Portugals which were in that squadron ioyned with those whom the Bishop of Ebora conducted made so braue a resistance as the Spaniards turned their backes so as at this first incounter the victory seemed to be on the King of Portugals side the Spaniards being sore hurt by the Artillery and by the Crosse-bowes of the Portugall-footemen These being retired the other squadrons gaue in vpon the residew of the Portugall army with better successe Notwithstanding that the valor of either side made the fight doubtfull for three houres space In the end the Portugalls not being able to hold out beganne to giue backe and were disordred and put to flight taking the high-way towards Toro as fast as they could gallop but being pursued there was a great slaughter
horse and foote and made a great skirmish where D. Phillip of Nauarre and Arragon dyed who was maister of Monteza nephew to the King and sonne to Prince Don Charles of Viana by vs oftentimes heretofore mentioned with other men of note the which caused the Christians to make their retreate who were insolently pursued in the Rere by the Moores who notwithstanding were afterward beaten back by the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia King Ferdinand leauing for that time Almerie and Baça two strong places marched towards Huescar which yeelded and Don Rodrigo Manrique was made Gouernor thereof Whilest the warre continued in these quarters Iniury done to one of the kings Receiuers of his money and punishment of the offenders the Captaine of Alua de Tormes and the gouernor of the Duke of Aluas lands did Bastonado one of the Kings Collectors of his rents which the King hauing notice of the Licentiate Lewis de Polanco Prouost of the Court was sent thither to doe Iustice therevpon who tooke the Captaine of Alua in his owne Castle and caused him to bee hanged in the same place where hee had done the deed As for the Gouernour of the Countrey hee was brought to the Chancery at Valiodolit and there condemned to haue his hand stricken off and to bee for euer banished out of the Kings dominions In the which place of Valiodolit the Court came and wintered Moneys there was an Edict made concerning the moneys that the siluer coyne should bee thence-forth made of the same sterling as that of Paris It was enacted not long before in Portugall to coyne certaine kindes of gold of two and twenty Carates Portugal of the golden mine of Guiney and likewise certaine siluer money called Twenties of the worth of twenty Res which were equiualent to the Marauedis of Castile for thirty six Res were at that time worth a Real as thirty sixe Marauedis in Castile and Nauar The affaires of which kingdome since the execution of the Lords made by King Iohn were quiet and peaceable for euery one seeing that hee had not spared his owne bloud kept himselfe still and this King was not onely reuerenced in Portugall but likewise in Affricke where hee possessed much land in so much as the Moores of Azamor who had beene in times past vnder the subiection of Portugall and were now reuolted did againe this yeare submit themselues vnto it about which time he built the Fountaine at Setuball And hauing no businesses to hinder him hee went about to pursue new enterprises no lesse profitable for mankinde than honorable to the house of Portugall Hauing had the opinion and aduise of diuerse great personages skilfull in Cosmographie and all other Mathematicall sciences and especially good Marriners hee sent away Bartholmew Dias with a certaine religious Frier named Anthony inioyning them to coast the shoares of Affrick of the Ocean sea Nauigaâ—ions of the Portugals into the Ocean sea pursued by the commandement of King Iohn till they could bee able to relate vnto him how farre that land stretched and how the voyage which hee conceiued in his owne vnderstanding might bee made by the South into the East to the countreys and Islands where the spices growe Bartholomew Dias and the Fryer arriued at the Cape of Bonasperanza or good hope which is the farthest stretched out point of Affricke beyond the Equinoctiall winter Tropick Cape de bona Speranza and doubling againe the East Riuer of the Infant they came to the mouth of the Iland termed by them of the Infant which is a hundred and fifty leagues farther then the Cape of good hope There Fryer Anthonie with the consent of Bartholmew Dias landed and trauailed with such turnings vp and downe this vnknowne world Friev Anthonies long and dangerous iourney as hee brought himselfe with great labour and danger as it is credible into Palestine to the Citty of Ierusalem taking a carefull note of all things Bartholmew Dias returned by sea into Portugall the same way hee came and informed the King of all that hee had seene or knowne of the shoares and sea coasts as Fryer Anthony did the like of his land voyage beeing returned a good while after the which encreased King Iohns desire to execute his praise-worthy enterprise esteeming and not without reason that by the knowledge and practise of that Nauigation great profit might redound to his kingdome Now the better to vnderstand the costs and charges of this trafficke for Spices brought from the Islands of the Moluccoes and to bee able to reckon what the commoditie thereof might come to following the passage of the Ocean sea hee sent Pedro de Couanilla and Alphonso de Payua into the East King Iohns dilligence to learne the voyage to the East by the Ocean sea and the Island of Moluccoes who were wise and discreete persons and very skilfull in the Arabian tongue to bring him word of the traffick of these countries Hauing then furnished them with money credit and other necessaries for so long a voyage they went to Naples and from thence by Rhodes to Ierusalem from whence they passed by Alexandria to Caire then they went to Aden to Ormuz and at last came to Calicut and other places of the Indies carrying with them for their conduct a Carde or Compasse made by the licenciate Calsadilla Bishop of Viseo the Doctor Rodrigue Pero d' Alcaçaba and Moyses a Iew who had drawne it after the description of Martin of Boheme the great Mathematician taking information of all the parts of Ethiopia Arabia Persia and of the Indies where there is any trafficke faires or assemblies of people Alphonso Payua died in this voyage Pedro de Couanilla was deteined by Prester Iohn Emperour of Ethiopia so as the King could haue no relation from any of them concerning their voyage yet Couanilla found meanes to write a discourse of what hee had learned and sent it afterward to the King by one Rabi Abraham and Ioseph de Lamego who hauing beene already in Persia were sent backe againe by King Iohn to heere some newes of the said Pedro de Couanilla This discourse did whet on the Kings desire to effect this voyage for the which purpose he did arme certaine Carauels this yeere 1488. at the same time the marriage of his sonne Prince Alphonso and the Infanta Isabella eldest daughter to the King of Castile whereof mention was made in the treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall was wholy agreed vpon albeit the Prince was then but thirteene yeeres of age For the charges of which marriage the Estates of the Kingdome gaue to King Iohn the sum of a hundred thousand golden crusadoes at which time the King being desirous to aduance to wealth and honor D. Pedro de Meneses Earle of Villareal and Lord of Almeyda beeing at Beja he created him Marquis of Villareal and Earle of Oren. There came now into Castile a great Ambassage from Maximillian of Austria
be hereafter declared Don Alphonso de Cardegnas Master of Saint Iames beeing dead this yeare King Fernand retayned the Mastershippe The Mastership of S. Iames in beâ—ings hands in quality of administrator not suffering any new election to be made as hee had done the like to that of Calatraua with the selfe same considerations and reasons who by the Popes authoritie remayned Administrator of them Don Alphonso was then the Master of the same Order and the three and fortieth in order and continuances the same was done to the Order of Alcantara the which three dignities were since that incorporated to the Crowne by Pope Adrian the sixth in the time of the Emperour Charles the fifth who was heire to the Kingdomes of Castile The same yeare the Kings of Castile were altogether rid of King Mahomet Boabdellin the Little who beeing impatient of the daily sollicitations which were made to him for to become a Christian and to receiue the water of Baptisme did sell all the lands and right which had beene giuen him by the capitulations at such time as hee deluered vp the Cittie of Granado for foure-score thousand Duckets and with his family retired himselfe into Affricke There were new teares and lamentations renewed when his owne mother vpbrayding him sayd That it well became him to put finger in the eye and weepe like a woman for the losse of his dignitie and pallaces seeing that hee could not defend them like a man He was kindly welcommed and receyued by the King of Fez but within a few yeares afterwards he was slaine in his fierce and intestine warres against the Xerifs The Spanish Authours set downe for a memorable matter that the Kingdome of Granado beganne and ended two kings of Castile of one selfe same name raigning namely Ferdinand and the first and last King of Granado were called Mahomet At the same time the Earledome of Rossillon was restored to King Fernand by the French king The Earledome of Rossillon restored to King Fernand. Charles the eighth who hauing vndertaken at the entreatie and request of Lewis Sâ—orza named the Moore who did vsurpe the Dutchie of Milan the Conquest of the Kingdome of Naples did feare least the King of Castile should in his absence enterprise vpon France in regard of the strife and contention about the sayd Earledome Wherefore to free and acquit himselfe from that feare and suspition hee yeelded it vnto him and renewed the peace and allyances betwixt the Kingdomes of France Castile and Arragon but it was euill and vnfaithfully kept Wherein the Kings chiefe Councellours did greatly stand him in stead namely Steephen Petâ—de vâ—rs and Friar Alphonso of Albi and namely the holy man Friar Francis de Paule who died at Plessis les Tours certaine of whose letters are yet extant which he wrote therevppon and to the same effect to King Fernand. It was concluded in this agreement that King Ferdinand of Castile should not giue ayde nor assistance to the King of Naples whereby it appeareth that this Catholicke King knew well how to vse the vncharitable rule which sayes that Charity begins by it selfe King Ferdinand vnchaâ—itable For he to recouer the Earledome of Rossillon without restitution of the money which King Iohn his Father had borrowed of King Lewis the eleuenth did not greatly care to leaue the honour state and life of his coosin germaine and brother in law Ferdinand King of Naples for a prey to the French or at the least hee promised it and swore so to the French King notwithstanding that hee afterward changed his minde King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell hauing remained for a while in Cattalonia and afterward at Saragossa they came to Valiodolit where Don Roderigo d'Vlloa beeing deceased who was one of the superintendents of the treasure which they call Cantador major they suppressed that superintendencie retaining no more but the two that remained namely Don Guttiere de Cardenas great Commander of Leon and Don Iohn Chacon gouernor of the frontier of Murcia Beeing departed from Valiodolit to Medina del Campo they receiued newes of the death of King Ferdinand of Naples whom his sonne Don Alphonso Duke of Calabria succeeded The King at the same time had called in the towne of Tordesillas a Chapter of the order of Saint Iames and reformed certaine abuses and there the differences were compounded betwixt Castile and Portugall about the Indian nauigation Wee haue declared how that Pope Alexander had granted by his Bull dated at Saint Peters Portugal this present yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and three and the first of his Popedome 1493. the west Indies to the Kings of Castile Now for to limit the Streights betwixt Castile and Portugall The Pope â—imits the Spaniards and Portugals nauigation he did draw a line or a meridionall in the Globe from the Poles of the North to the South leauing a hundred leagues distance to the Portuguze towards the West from one of the Isles to Cape vert to make their nauigation of Affrick and the East Indies wherewith the King of Portugall was highly displeased and complained in such sort to the Pope that the Kings of Castile entreated that the nauigation might bee left free to him towards the west The Portugals nauigation limited towards the VVest of foure hundred leagues and the Isles and lands within the same reputed for his conquest wherewith the King of Castile was not onely contented but added to it threescore and ten leagues more so as the Portugalls nauigation in all did stretch from the Isles of Cape vert towards the west foure hundred and seauenty leagues passing the meridionall by that point round about the globe The Moluccos founa to bee within the nauigation of the Castillans but time made it manifest that the King of Portugall thereby did smally better his condition for the riche Islands of the Moluccos from whence the spices come are found to bee within the streight of Castile this Transaction was passed the seauenth day of Iune in the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and foure Now King Iohn thinking that the Moluccos were his part hee sent certaine Caruels this yeare to seeke a passage by the Affrican sea towards the East but they went not farre beyond the Cape of Good hope wherefore the King beeing very desirous that in his dayes this vnknowne nauigation might bee practised The King of Monicongo receiues the Christian religion could not haue that good hap for hee did not liue this yeare In his time neuerthelesse the kingdome of Manicongo in Guiney was discouered the King whereof with the most part of his nobility were Baptized King Iohn beeing oppressed with continuall melancholy for the death of his sonne Prince Alphonso hee fell into a dropsie which by little and little brought him to his end not without suspition that his disease was procured or augmented by poyson hee neuerthelesse made his abode in the Citty of Lisbone and
Queene Isabell her Mother who dyed at the same time at Areualo hauing liued a widdow the space of two and forty yeares troubled with sicknesse both of body and minde whose body beeing then laide in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Areualo was afterward transported to the Carthusians in the Citty of Burgos called Mirefleur where King Iohn her husband was buried Death of Don Iohn de Gamboa The same yeare dyed in Guipuscoa Don Iohn de Gamboa a personage full of yeares and honour who was Maister of the horse to the Kings of Castile and of their Councell Captaine generall of the frontiers of France and Nauarre and gouernor of Fontaraby This Knight left onely two daughters one of which was married in Guipuscoa in the family of Sarauz and the other into Biscay into that of Arteaga The Infanta Don Ioanes voyage into Fâ—anders the Queene gaue the conduct of the Nauie and of the Infanta Donna Ioane her daughter to Don Frederick Henriques high Admirall of Castile her Vnckle beeing accompanied by Donna Maria de Velasco the Admiralls Mother with other Lords Ladyes and Gentlewomen who beeing shipped the Queene went back to Burgos and from thence into Cattalonia to ayde the King her husband In the meane space the great Captaine continued the warre on the one side and King Ferdinand on the other in the kingdome of Naples who were resisted in Calabria by Eberard Stuard Lord of Aubigni assisted by the faction of Aniow and with a few French forces which were left him and in the territorie of Lauoro by the Lord Guilbert of Montpensier Lieutenant generall to the French King in the same kingdome who was besieged in the Citty of Auersa by King Ferdinand and the great Captaine both together and was brought to such extremitie as hee promised if within thirty dayes hee were not succoured to yeeld vp all that the French men held in the kingdome of Naples excepting Gaieta Venosa and Tarentum which were in the hands of strangers vpon condition that they would furnish him with shippes to carry him and his people into France there fell afterwards great sicknesse among the men of warre on either side and Lord Guilbert of Montpensier dyed at Pozzuolo with other French Lords and there dyed likewise on the enemies part diuerse men of note as namely King Ferdinand who had for successour his Vnckle Don Frederick of Arragon brother to Don Alphonso King Frederick stayed not long ere hee besieged Gaietta during which siege the Lord D Aubigni rendred the places which hee held in Calabria by whose example Gaietta Venosa and Tarentum were yeelded and King Frederick by that meanes recouered all the realme of Naples In this warre all the Potentates of Italy shewed themselues enemies to the French All the Potentates of Italy enemies to the French except the Florentines the Florentines excepted who thought by the meanes of the Frenchmen who held Pisa to bring that Cittie into their subiection And the warre beeing ended Pope Alexander did sharply persecute the Vrsins friends and seruants to the house of France and the chiefe of that family Virginio Vrsino an excellent Captaine of all which matters King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell of Castile were aduertized to their great contentment The beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninetie and seauen the Kings beeing in the Citty of Burgos 1467. they receiued aduertisement that the Armie of Castile was returned which had conducted the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to Philip of Austria and brought Margueret sister to the said Philip betrothed to Prince Iohn who were married in the same Citty Fryer Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine dooing the ceremony and they had for their God-father Don Frederick the Admirall and Donna Maria de Velasco his mother for their God-mother The feasts and magnificences weré great and pompous whereat dyed Don Alphonso de Cardegna second sonne to Don 〈◊〉 de Cardegna great Commander of Leon. The wedding being ended the Coâ—rt came to Medina del campo where Christopher Colombus arriued as a prisoner by the slanders and accusations of the Spaniards his enemies who were impatient of discipline the most enuious of whom was Frier Buil who came back the same time into Spaine neuerthelesse the Kings thinking it an vnseemly matter that such a personage should yeeld account of his actions in quality of an offender they did absolue him of the greaâ— rigor which hee had executed by iustice on the Spaniards with commandement thence-forward to vse those more gently who did crosse so many seas to doe them seruice and they willed him to returne to the Iudges they being highly contented with the reports which hee made of the great riches and wealth which those countries yeelded whereof hee brought them proofes of golde Brazil mother of Pearle Amber pretious Feathers Indian tapstrie and other strange things They did againe rigge forth eight ships for him furnished with men and victuals two whereof hee sent away before laden with victualls and weapons to his brother Bartholomew Colombus who had begun to builde the Cittie of Saint Domingo vpon the riuer of Oçama in the Island of Hispagunola hee with the other sixe parted from Saint Lucar de Barameda and beeing arriued at Madera vnderstanding that there were French Pirates at sea that watched for him beeing drawne thither by the renowne of the wealth of the Indies hee sent onely three of his shippes directly to the Island of Hispagnuola and hee with the other three sayled towards the Isles of Cape vert tending to the Equinoctiall and after great trauaile of heates and calmes hee arriued at Paria the firme land of those West Indies then coasting three hundred and thirty leagues vnto Cape de Velas hee discouered and tooke note of all that countrey where are Cabo Anegado the point of Salinas Cubagua otherwise called the Isle of Pearles the point of Araja Cumana Chiriuichi the Gulphe of Cariari Curiana Saint Roman Veneçuela Coquibocoa and other places from whence hee passed to the new Citty of Saint Domingo and there was receiued for Gouernour to the great griefe of diuerse This was the third voyage that Colombus made to the Indies and then they had already begun to trade and negociate with the Indians by force of armes Colombus his third voyage to the Indies for the violent vsage of them had made them become strange and enemies to the Spaniards so as they left off tilling of their grounds and sowing of their Maiz to the end to constraine them by hunger to leaue the contrey and at the same time as these shippes arriued great number of Indians beeing gathered together did besiege the Spaniards of the Forte of Saint Thomas du Ciabo who were put to flight by Alphonso de Hoiedo Hauing then gotten the Cachique Coanabo into the Forte keeping him prisoner for the death of diuerse Christians more then fiue
thousand Indians assembled themselues beeing conducted by a brother of his for to deliuer him who were likewise defeated by Hoyeda hauing but a hundred Spaniards in his company and some amongst them were horsemen the which made the Spaniards to bee greatly feared and much more afterward when Bartholomew Colombus by night defeated fifteene thousand Indians tooke fifteene Cachiques and a Generall aboue all the rest named Guarionex all which hee set at libertie vppon their words and promises to continew subiects to the Kings of Castile Besides these conquests in the Indies Enterprises vpon the affrican Mooles the Spanish Nobilitie who seeing that there was no more warres in Spaine against the Infidells began to enterprize vppon the neighbour shoare of Affrick and this yeare the Citty of Melilla neere the sea in the kingdome of Tremessen was taken by Don Iohn de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia who led a sufficient army thither at his owne coasts and charges This was the first place which the crowne of Castile did possesse in that country beyond the sea which gaue beginning to the warres of Afrike which continued afterward and whereof wee will speake in his place This exploite of the Duke of Medina was acknowledged and rewarded by the King who lying at Valencia of Alcantara did treat the marriage of their daughter the Infanta Isabell the widdow with the new King D. Manuell of Portugall of whom we must discourse D. Manuel the fourthteenth King of Portugall THis Prince succeeded King Iohn his cosin and brother in law in the crowne of Portugal the yeere 1465. being seuen and twenty yeeres of age Portugal hee was sonne to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo and of the Infanta Donna Beatrice grand child to King Edward and great grand-child to King Iohn the first whose aduancement to the royall crowne had beene fore-told by certaine Soothsaiers and Astrologians he obtained it by right of lawfull succession and by the testamentary appointment of King Iohn his predecessor in whose life time he did in no sort take vpon him the title of Prince and heire of Portugall but onely of Duke of Beja and Master of Christus Hee was a iust King and loued honour religious and zealous in the faith which had beene taught him vsing the Nobility kindely Qualities of King Manuel the which hee increased and aduanced in his dominions as much as hee could he was gentle liberall and a great giuer of almes especially to religious friers as well of his owne Kingdome as to strangers dilligent and carefull in the administration of iustice an enterprizer lucky in voyages nauigations and discoueries of countries whereby he greatly augmented and amplified his Kingdome and Siegnories hee was beloued and esteemed as well of his owne subiects as of strangers Buildings of King Manuel magnificent and sumptuous in buildings which the royall monastery of Belen or Bethlem of the order of Saint Ierosme doth beare witnesse of edified for the buriall of the Kings the castle of Belen which stands almost in the riuer of Tayo for the guarde of the Port of Lisbone the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Pegna of the same order of Saint Ierosme neere to Sintra and that of Saint Clare the New in the towne of Estremos all which workes were by him built from the foundation and hee did moreouer restore and augment the couents of Saint Francis of Lisbone Ebora and Saint Iren. The bridge of Coimbra and that of Oliuença vpon Guadiana are likewise of his structure with diuers others publike buildings and reparations all which vertues and magnificencies were blemished by one vice wherevpon Princes and great Lords doe often stumble namely he was to light of beleefe Whereby hee shewed himselfe inconstant and variable retracting on euery small occasion his decrees orders guifts and priuiledges by contrary commandments This King Don Manuel was thrice married and all his wiues were Infantaes of Castile Genealogie of Portugal and the two first were sisters his first wife was Donna Isabella widdow to the Infant Don Alphonso his Nephew his sisters sonne on whom hee begat a sonne named D. Michel who was borne in Arragon in the city of Saragossa at such a time as shal be set downe hereafter who if hee had liued had beene heire to all Spaine Donna Isabella being dead his second wife was her sister called the Infanta Maria of Castile third daughter to King Fernand and Queene Isabella by whom hee had a great issue First of all D. Iohn heire of Portugall borne at Lisbone in the pallace of the Riuer the Infanta Donna Isabella borne in the same city who was Queene of Castile Leon Arragon and Nauarre and Empresse of Germany married to Charles the fifth Donna Beatrice who was Dutchesse of Sauoy wife to Charles the ninth and mother to Duke Emanuel Philibert of Sauoy D. Lewis borne in Abrantes father to D. Antonio who was at strife for the kingdome of Portugall with Philip king of Spaine in our time next D. Henry who in our time was a Cardinall borne likewise in Abrantes on the riuer of Tayo D. Alphonso who was borne in the city of Ebora and was likewise made Cardinall at seuen yeeres of age by Pope Leo the tenth Don Catherine who died young then D. Fernand Don Edward and Don Antonio His third and last wife was Donna Leonora daughter-to Philip of Austria Infanta of Castile and sister to the Emperour Charles the fifth by whom he had a sonne named Charles who died young he had moreouer by her a daughter borne after his death named Donna Maria who liued in great chastity in our daies So as this King had by his three married wiues thirteene children liuing namely nine sonnes and foure daughters Eaâ—ldomes erected in Portugall by King Manuell This Prince comming to the crowne hee erected diuerse Earledomes for the ornament of the Nobility of Portugall hee gaue that of Portalegre to Diego de Silua his gouernor who enioyed but the title onely for the Inhabitants of Portalegre did defend themselues by reason of their priuiledges hee made Don Vasco de Gama Admirall of Portugall Earle of Bediguera Don Martin de Castel-blanc Earle of Villanoua Don Iohn de Meneses Earle of Taroco and prior of Saint Iohns Don Rodrigo de Merlo Earle of Tentugall Don Pedro de Castro Earle of Montsancto Don Francisco de Sosa sonne to the Bishop of Ebora Earle of Bemioso and Don Antonio of Portugall Earle of Lignare honouring in that manner by liberality and royall bounty the Nobility of Portugal At the instant entreaties and requests of the widdow D. Iames restored to the Duchy of Visco and to his fathers goods Queene Leonora his sister and of the Dutchesse Donna Isabel widdow of Bragança hee restored to the honours and goods of the deceased Duke D. Iames vntil then in exile in Castile who was the Dukes second sonne for Don Philip the eldest died in Castile because the Princes of his bloud should not
of the Moores contrary to the promises and capitulations made vnto those which yeelded during the warres whereof great troubles ensued The Archbishop Ximenes was at Granado to assist frier Hernand of Talauera a little before made Archbishop of Granado who laboured to procure that conuersion to bee voluntary Moores Mudeiares enforced to chaâ—g their religion without vsing constraint But hee of Toledo imagining that the other had proceeded ouer gently did beginne to presse the Moores that were inhabitants of the Albayzin after his owne humor giuing hard speeches to such as would dispute of religion with the Monkes and Curats who thought to conuert them and then comming to deeds he laid hands vpon a chiefe Moore of the familie of Zigri who was descended from the Kings of Granado and kept him so long in prison as to recouer his liberty hee said that hee was contented to beleeue in Iesus Christ and that hee had had a vision which did assure him that it was the right way of saluation Hee sent after that one of his household seruants named Sazedo with a Prouost that was very ill beloued to apprehend a woman dwelling in the same Albayzin but both of them were there slaine Diuers Moores being gathered together at the womans cries who after the deed ranne to the Archbishop of Toledos lodging to haue done as much to him but he and his people did valiantly defend themselues vntill the Earle of Tendilla the Gouernor came and freed him from them the which Earle with the Archbishop of Toledo delt in such sort as the mutinous people were appeased and their Alguasils were heard who protested that they did not rise against the King but onely to hinder the breaking of the Articles agreed vpon which were not bee enforced to change their religion This was the first attempt of the Moores conuersion with no small daunger and tumult which lasted tenne daies The King hauing notice of what was done was highly mooued against the Archbishop of Toledo but hee contented him with reasons wherewith hee was not vnfurnished and caused him to allow and approoue to haue them conuerted by force for at the report of what the Moores of Albayzin had done those of the mountaines and of the country called Alpuxarres did fall into a mutiny to chastice whom they were constrained to proceed by armes the yeere following 1500. In the same yeere Pope Alexander the sixth celebrated the tenth Iubiley at Rome whether people of sundry Nations went in great numbers and they beganne to conuert the Moores of Granado this yeere where diuers of them did mutiny neuerthelesse more then fifty thousand of that sect receiued the water of Baptisme and their Mosquees were blessed and consecrated to ceremonies and vses accustomed amongst the Christians of that age those amongst them who would not change their religion at the Kings command were constrained to doe it by force of armes and because the townes of Huescar Lanjaron and Andarrax in the country of Alpuxarras did make the greatest resistance the inhabitants being enforced were made slaues Birth of Charls of Austria who was King of Spaine and Emperor And the same yeere was borne in the city of Gaunt vnto Philip of Austria and Donna Ioane of Castile vpon Saint Mathias day a sonne named Charles who was heire to all the Kingdomes of King Fernand and Queene Isabella his grand-father and grand mother and Emperour of Almaine the fifth of that name a great and an excellent Prince It is reported that when the newes of his birth was brought to Queene Isabella his grand-mother she in a propheticall spirit of his future vniuersal succession in the great dominions of Spaine spake these words taken out of the Acts of the Apostles The lot is fallne vpon Mathias Saint Mathâ—â—s day lucky to Emperor Charles noting thereby that Don Michel of Portugal then liuing should not inherite but that it should bee hee who was borne vpon Saint Mathias day the which in deed fell out to be happy for the Emperour Charles it is the foure and twentith day of February King Fernand beeing returned from the Catholike warre of the country of Alpuxarres in the Kingdome of Granado vnto Siuill Nauarre hee was visited by Iohn d' Albret King of Nauarre whom hee welcomed with great honour and curtesie King Iohn of Nauar his â—ourney into Castile for the space of seuenteene daies that hee remained there Diuers businesses mooued this Prince to come into Castile but there were two of greatest importance for hee imagined to get againe the townes of La Garde Arcos Saint Vincent and Bermedo the castles of Toro and Herera and other places of La Sosierra which the King of Castile possessed of the antient patrimony of Nauarre hee did moreouer in the right of the late Queene Blanch of Nauarre first wife to King Iohn of Arragon and great grand-mother to Queene Catherine then reigning and by grant made in the contract of her marriage demaund the Infantasgo of Castile the Duchy of Pegnafiel and Lordship of Lara with many other lands and therewith all the sonne of 420112. florins sixe shillings eight pence of the coine of Arragon for which matters King Iohn d' Albret and Queene Catherine of Nauarre being at Pau had not long since sent two Franciscan friers in Ambassage to the Kings of Castile who were men of vnderstanding namely frier Iohn de Vadre Warden of Corella and frier Iohn de Ro warden of Tafalla with ample instructions to obtaine them but they brought away nothing but pleasing words and dilatory excuses Besides this businesse the suspition which they had of the Earle of Lerin did greatly trouble them who was newly come into Castile and was much honoured and aduanced there and it was reported to them that King Fernand had often times solicited him to make ouer vnto him all the lands goods rights and actions which he had in the Realme of Nauarre promising him treble recompence for them in Castile the which the Earle had neuerthelesse refused either for the naturall loue which he did beare to his country or else that hee did better esteeme the place which hee held almost as King of Nauarre then to bee in Castile where diuers others tooke place before him as it was fit These two chiefe occasions caused the King and Queene of Nauarre to depart from Pau whether they were goone as soone as they had newes of King Charles the eight his death and to returne into Nauarre where the Queene remained gouernesse assisted by frier Pedro Eraso Abbot of the Monastery of Oliua King Iohn d' Albret went to Siuill to bee resolued by King Fernand concerning these businesses to preuent the inconueniences which he feared and to renue the peace friendship and alliance betwixt those two Kingdomes Hee was highly honoured as hath beene said by the Kings of Castile and lodged with them in the fort of that magnificent city and the more to gratifie and reuerence him
whether they had called the estates of the realm and there took a new oath causing their eldest sonne D. Charles to be sworn heire to the crown of Castille Leon Granado In these princes were vnited vnto the realms of Castille and Leon and there dependances the great estates of the low countries and Burgundy and afterwards Arragon Sicile Sardynia and Naplâ—s At Vailledolit there were many noblemen honored with the order of the golden fleece The gard of the castle of Segobia was taken from the marquesse of Moya guien to D. Iohn Manuell who was much fauored by the kings who being at Tudele of Duero there appeared a strange comet in the firmament foreshewing as they said afterwards the approching death of king Philip which happened soon after in the city of Burgos to the generall griefe of all his subiects the comet still raigning whereunto he did attribute his death Death of Philip King of Castille saying often in his paines and agonies Hâ— cometâ— hâ— cometa He died in the floure of his age in the constables house this yere 1506 hauing raigned 1 yere and ten monthes his body was laied many yeres after by the commandement of the Emperour Charles his sonne in the royal chappel of Granado hauing remained in diuers places This summer which was very drie there died in Castille D. Guttiere of Toledo bishop of Plaisance to whome succeeded D. Gomes of Toledo sonne to D. Guttiere de Solis earle of Coria 7 At the time of the death of the king D. Philip Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italy king Ferdinand was at sea sayling towards Italie for after the enteruiew of these two princes the order taken for the gouernment of Castille he went to Cattelonia where hauing caused a goodly fleet to bee made readie at Barcelona he imbarked to go and visit the realms of Naples of Sicile hauing conceiued a iealousie that the great captaine did fauor the designes of the king of Castille his son in law for hauing sent often for him to come into Spaine hee had still delaied it with excuses as he thought At his departure out of Castille he was abandoned by all the great men except the duke of Alua who did accompany him to the frontiers of Arragon He who shewed himselfe most faithfull of all the noblemen A faithfull seruant was D. Bernard of Rojas and Sandoual marquesse of Denia who neuer abandoned him neither aliue nor dead for hee retired many of his officers and houshold seruants which had no maintenance It was concluded by the last accord made betwixt him and king Philip that the realme of Naples although it had been conquered by the means and forces of Castile more then by those of Arragon should remain to the crown of Arragon Being therefore ready to set saile towards his realme of Naples Sinceritie of the great Captaine he receiued letters from the great captaine by the which hee did assure him of his sincerity and seruice and did aduertise him of the estate of the country wherewith he was so wel satisfied as he did confirme all his former gifts vnto him added new yea he was much more pleased with him for that contrary to the opinion of many he came and met him at the port of Genoua for both the Pope and all the Potentates of Italy thought that he was gone from Naples with an intent to retyre himselfe into Castile and not to see king Ferdinand as if he feared to looke on him The king being staied there some daies by reason of coÌ„trary winds he had news of his son in laws death for the which he seemed verie sorrowful notwithstanding that he was prest by the widow queen D. Ioane his daughter to returne into Spaine yet he went on his voyage to Naples where he entred in great pompe Entrie of king Ferdinand into Naples vnder a canopie of cloth of gold the city wall being beaten down for the more state hauing all the honors and ceremonies accustomed at the receptions of new kings he staied 7. months there to the great content of the whole realm and of all the Potentates of Italie who possest with an opinion of his justice and equity sent to visit him by ambassadors and made him arbitrator of many coÌ„trouersies that were among them The Neapolitanes offered him great summes of money and other commodities but he would not accept â—ny but 30000 ducats for the charges of his voyage Hee would not at that time breake with the VenetiaÌ„s for the Popes pleasure or of any others and yet they detained certain places from him referring that quarel to a more conuenient time He pacifed and ended many quarrels and pretensions of Barons yea of the Angeuin party who were yet dispossest of their goods which had been confiscated past into priuate mens hands to whome they had been giuen in recompence of their seruices and that which he could not end he left in charge to the Viceroy D. Iohn of Arragon earle of Ribagorsa whom he left in the place of Gonsall Fernandes of Cordoua the great Captain whome he caused to imbarke with him at his returne and carried him into Spaine being iealous of the honor which he had gotten in the conquest of the realme In regard of the realm of Sicile he made many good lawes but he could not goe thither in person being prest by the queen D. Ioane his daughter the councel cities and comminalties of Castille to return into Spaine D. Ioane queene of Castille toucht in her senâ—es for this poore princesse besides her affliction for the death of her husband had other infirmities which she did inherit from her grandmother by the mothers side D. Isabella of Portugall wherefore finding her selfe vnable to gouern so great a state she put all ouer into the hands of D. Franciso Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo primate of Spain Councell of Castille of doctor D. Alfonso Suarez de la Fuente del Sauz bishop of Iaen president of the kings councell Garcia of Muxica licentiate in the laws born in the prouince of Guipuscoa doctor Pedro of Orepesa a most religious Baron the licentiat Fernando Telles doctor Laurence Galindez of Carnail the licentiate Lewis of Polanco with others of the councel who took charge of the affairs in the absence of the king D. Ferdinand her father the Prince D. Charles who was then bred vp in Flanders being yet a childe of 7 yeres old Pope Iulie staied many daies in the castle of Ostia thinking that K. Ferdinand would land there to see him but he excused himselfe by reason of the smal intelligence that was betwixt them for the king hauing demanded of him the confirmation inuestiture of the realm of Naples he would not graunt it but with heauier conditions then other kings of Arragon his predecessors had held it Queen Germain did accoÌ„pany the king her husband in al this voyage who sailing towards Spaine they
Spanniards surprised in theire lodging The armie of Spain after the taking of Citadelle diuided it selfe into diuers lodgings the viceroy to Verona the Marques of Pescara to Lendenara with 3000 Spaniards there came about â—00 men at armes to Rouigo of which D. Garcia Manrique was captain who suffered themselues to be surprized by Aluiano who led both him and all his company away prisoners some write they were 300 horse 1000 Spanish foot On the other side Renzo de Cerâ— being freed from the siege of Creme which hee had defended valiantly being fortified with men hee surprised Bergamo by intelligence of the inhabitants but soon after the viceroy recouered it againe hauing ioined his Spaniards with the forces of Milan led by Siluio Sauello Renzo who was within it yeelding it vpon honorable conditions The Bergamasques were punished for their rebellion by the purse redeeming the sack of the town other punishments prepared for them for great sums of money the which did much displease the Spaniards who were in hope that the spoile of this town should haue been giuen to them Winter approaching the armies were lodged and for that it was bruted that the Fench king prepared a great power to passe into Italy in the spring D. Raymond of Cardone the viceroy who had his Spanish army much diminished went to the emperor to Inspruch to take councel touching the affairs of the future warre At Rome the embassadors for the emperor King Ferdinand and French king vsed their art and skil to win the Popes fauor for their masters but he being cunning politike and enemy to them all discouered not his conceits but entertained them with vaine hopes 10 About the end of this yere before that k. Ferdinand had any intelligence of the successe of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa Pedro Arias of Auila made viceroie of the firme land at the Indies it was resolued in councel to send to the Antique of Darien into the region of Castille del or a knight for gouernor whose name was Pedro Arias of Auila born at Segobia which charge was demanded by many Arbolancha whome Vasco Nugnes had sent into Spain being not yet ariued for otherwise without doubt that charge had bin giuen him in recompence of his labors great seruice which he had done vnto the king in the discouery of so rich countries yet he was made gouernor of the coast towards the South sea but D. Iohn Rodrigo of Fonseca bishop of Burgos who had the superintendeÌ„cy of the affaires of the Indies did much fauor Pedro Arias protracted the time to make the dispatch of his prouision yet the sentence giuen against him at the suit of the bacheler Enciso was cancelled and made voide Pedro Arias then hauing imbarked at Saint Lucar of Barrameda Iohn Cabedo first Bishop of the Antique of Darien with one thousand fiue hundred men in 17 vessels the 14 of May hauing in his company frier Iohn Cabedo first bishop of the Antique of Darien first Prelat of the firme land at the Indies and for pilot Iohn Vespucio Florentin he sailed in 38 daies to the Antique where he was receiued with great ioy Vasco Nugues of Balboa lodged him in his own lodging with al the honor he could deuise was informed by him of the whole estate of that country of the discouery which he had made of Castille delor for so he had named it by reason of the great riches thereof and of the South Sea and of pearles wherewith Pedro Arias de Auila was verie much pleased finding that there was worke done and that there remained nothing but to people and husband it He made the Licenciat Gaspar of Espinose borne at Medina del Campo Alcayde maior or president of his Iustice and according to his charge he beganne to diuide the prouinces to his people sending Francis Bezerra with 550 Spaniards towards the Riuer of Dabayba who indured great miseries there and returned with notable losse Iohn of Ayora with foure hundred men was directed into the countrie of the Cachico D. Charles Panquiaco a most faithfull friend to the Spaniards who notwithstanding was so ingratefully intreated by them 1514 and the Indians his subiects so cruelly and couetously vext as they were forced to take armes and to chase away Ayora who returned flying from whence he parted Captain 〈◊〉 being sent towards Caribana and Barthelmew Hurtado to Acla they had no better successe not others in other places so as Vasco Nugnes was not so fortunate but Pedro Arias and his company were as vnfortunate in all their enterprises King Ferdinand toward the end of this yeare 1514 did so decay in his health as there were apparent signes of a dropsie in him One of the captaines which Pedro Arias de Auila called Gonsalo of Badajos had sent to people in the maine land tooke his course towards Nombre de Dios in the beginning of the yeare 1515 1515 where hee found Indians that were strange and vntractable so as hauing increased his troupe being about 80 Spaniards by the arriuall of Lewis of Mercado who brought 50 more they went in company towards the south Sea and being come to a place called Coyba they sackt it for that the lord of the country called Yuana flying the acquaintaÌ„ce of these bearded men had retired himselfe into the woods then they made prey of many things and especially of slaues Passing on by a riuers side on the 5 day they met with two Indians laden with bread which a blind Cachico sent vnto them who brought them to the place where this Cachico dwelt with whom they made good cheare receiued presents of gold with information of those countries which they sought and guides to conduct them Continuing on their course they came wher there raigned a lord called Taracura who also gaue theÌ„ a good quantity of gold but yet they did not forbeare to fier a borough belonging to a brother of his for that he was not to be found at their arriual then passing by the countries of the Cachicos Cheru and Nathan they receiued so much gold other things as the treasure which they got in that voyage amounted to aboue 80000 ducats at the least 400 slaues But as prosperity makes people careles ouerweening being come into the countrie of a mighty lord called Pariza Spaniards defeated and slain by the Indians holding no order nor discipline thinking they should find friendlie reception in all places they were suddenly charged by a great number of Indians who slue 80 of his Spaniards put the rest to flight and got their gold and slaues with all the booty which they had made in this voyage The same yere Gaspar of Morales being sent by the same gouernour with 150 Spaniards towards S. Michaels gulph he past with the help of the Cachicos Chiape Tumaco into the islaÌ„d of Tarareque leading 70 men only with him being drawne on by the fame of
choosing in his place Diego Lopes Aben Aboo to raigne ouer them Aben Aboo chosen king of the Râ—bels a cruell man but hee had more iudgement and gouernment than the other so as D. Iohn de Austria had more cause to thinke seriously of the affaires of the war Hee gaue the charge of the Riuers of Almerie Bolodui Almansora Sierra de Basa and Filabres and of the Marquisate of Zenete to Ierome Malech and to Xoabi and Sierra Neuada the land of Velez the Alpuxarres and the Valley of Montojo of Granado to Hascien de Gueiar Hee sent presents to Vluccialy and to the Moâ—ti of Constantinople to keepe him in grace with the great Turke and to bee a meanes for some succours he made a regiment of foure thousand men for his gard whereof a thousand should be alwaies in gard At his election he found tenne thousand men in the armie and among them six hundred Turkes The Marquesse of Mondejar at that time left the affairs of Granado went to Valentia where he was appointed viceroy in which charge he continued not long but past to Naples to gouern there with like dignitie The duke of Sesse was chief of the army which the marquesse was wont to lead who releeued the Garrison of Orgiba which Aben Aboo the new king beseeged and kept the pace of Lantjaron where there was a great skirmish the which continued long through the Turkes valour in the which there were many slaine of either part Orgiba was abandoned by the commandement of D. Iohn who sent the Captaine of that place with his men to Motrill In the Dukes armie there were many Noble men of marke as Pagan Doria brother to Iohn Andrew D. Gabriel and Lewis de Cordoâ—a D. Lewis de Cardone and others which armie was appointed to clense the Alpuxarra In the other part whereas the marquesse of Veles made warre D. Iohn would commaund in person hauing Malech and Xoabi to make head against him In these Christian armies there were certaine couragious Monkes marching in the head of the troupes who held a Crucifex in one hand and a naked sword in the other The Moores attempted Galere Galere taken by the Moores a strong place of situation belonging to Eurigue a league from Guescar and tooke it They went to beseege Oria but they of Lorca their neightbours who were alwaies good souldiers came thither 〈…〉 foure hundred Moores Moores defeated raised the seege and carried away fiue Ensignes 〈◊〉 with the bodie of his armie by the riuer of Almansora D. Iohn led his by that of Xenil this Riuer runnes by Piuillos and enters into an other called Aguasblancas which together passing by the village of Cene runne towards Granado and betwixt these two riuers is the Mountaine of Guejar one of the descents of Sierra Neuada in the which there kept about foure thousand Moores vnder the Captaines Xoabi Choconcillo Macox and Moxixar who ranne euen to the gates of Granado D. Iohn made them dislodge and retire farther into the mountaines of Sierra Neuada Farrax Aben Farrax was among the Moores that were at Guejar Farrax Aben Farrax his miserable estate in poore and miserable estate of whose aduentutur it is fit to make some little mention Being in disgrace with king Aben Humeia and put from all affaires his miserie had brought him to that despaire as hee was ready to yeeld himselfe to the Marquesse of Mondejar who without doubt had put him to an exemplarie death being in suspence and hauing changed his minde hee thought it better to yeeld himselfe vnto the Inquisition thinking that making his accustomed submissions he should haue his life saued at the least There was a Moore with him which had beene his companion in the art of dying to whom hauing imparted this his designe exhorting him to doe the like for hee was no lesse culpable than he he liked well of it and was content to go before to treat with them of the Inquisition for them both Farrax hauing instructed him being to depart that night and therefore they were retired into a valley couered with wood to keepe their businesse more secret after that he had discoursed long reiterated his instructions to this Moor he fel a sleep in the wood the other seeing him fast thoght that he should make his peace better if hee slue him and being resolued hee tooke a great stone wherewith he gaue him so many blowes vpon the head face and bodie as hee left him for dead and then he went as it is to bee coniectured to Granado Farrax being thus pittifully handled remained two daies neither dead nor aliue in that Vallie whereas two Moores passing by found him whilest hee yet breathed and not knowing what hee was but onely finding that hee was a Moore they laied him for pittie sake vpon one of their horses and carried him to Guejar where hee was lookt vnto and cured but hee remained so disfigured as his visage had scarce any shape of a mans and in this estate hee followed the troupes liuing of almes being known of few men This was the reward of the chiefe authour of the Moores rebellion Returning to Aben Aboo he had a intent to gather the Oliues vpon the riuer of Boldni hauing sent a number of Moorish women thither with a gard of eight hundred souldiers Defeat of Moores but they were no good gardians for being charged by the Marquesse of Velez they fled with the losse of two hundred of their men slain vpon the place and all their women were taken Guescar was also relieued by the Marquesse who slue about fiue hundred of the Moors Winter broght many discommodities both to the one and the other yet the Marquesse of Velez held Galeres alwaies inuested but seeing in the Spring that D. Iohn would come and beseege it himselfe he retyred for he was so ambitious as he would haue the honor of euerie thing that was done where he was The body of D. Iohns armie which was inteÌ„ded against the fort of Galere was made at Guescar D. Iohn being at Basa which is 7 leagues off where he prouided for all things necessarie Galere was but a borough without any wall but seated among rockes which couered it being enuironed with deep precipices the which the Moors by trauerses and barracadoes had made in a maner impenetrable and in thâ—se deep bottomes the riuer ran wheras they of the Borogh were forced to fetch their water and to the end they might goe thither without danger the Moores had made a way like a wall Galere beseeged and taken and by this meanes they did water safely There were three thousand Moores and Turkes to defend this fort The church without the borogh had a high Tower which serued them both for a watch and a Citadell D. Iohn brought his armie thither and hauing made there batteries he presently took this church by one of them But when he came to the Borough there was great
they had a joyfull entrie made them The head of Aben Aboo was put in a cage of yron and set ouer the citie gate which lookes towards the Alpuxarres The bodie being quartered was hung vpon the high-wayes Troubles of the Moors specified After which there was not any Moore found to make head all layed aside armes and submitted themselues to the kings mercie according to the generall pardon which was graunted to Francis Barrero But they were all drawne out of the mountaines and the townes of Granado and thereabouts and sent into plaine countries and more accessible to inhabit as the Emperour Traian did with the auncient Spaniards who were accustomed to rebell often vpon the assurance of their townes and castles built vpon the edge of the mountaines the which he caused to be rased and commanded by an Edict that they should not build any more but in the plaines Thus ended the warre of the Moores of Granado in Nouember 1570 hauing continued neere two yeares verie daungerous and difficult being rashly caused by the ill vsage of them that they call old Christians in Spaine by the importune pursuits of the Clergie and Inquisition and by the bad administration of justice and insolencie of the ministers there of and no lesse inconsiderately entertained by the impatiencie of the Moores and augmented by their obstinacie and ignorance which suggested wicked and monstrous conceptions The charge and losse was great for there was aboue fiue millions of crownes of the kings treasure spent in this warre The interest of priuat men and the spoyle and vnpeopling of the countrey was inestimable in the which aboue thirtie thousand Christians lost their liues As for the Moores that were slaine of all ages and sexes the number cannot be saied for a great realme might haue beene peopled therewith If they had been intreated with more mildnesse and humanitie without doubt they might easily haue kept them in obedience and by little and little might haue made them leaue that which was vnpleasing or scandalous in their manner of liuing and as for religion they should bee instructed with more care and charitie causing that injurious contempt which is ordinarie in Spaine and other places of them that are newly come to the knowledge of Iesus Christ to cease being vnpleasing vnto God King Philip being somewhat freed from cares by the end of this warre with the Moores of Granado hee would haue his mariage consummated with Anne of Austira Mariage of king Philip with his neece his neece daughter to his sister and to the Emperour Maximilian for the which he obtained a dispensation from the Pope according to the vse of that holy Church She past through the Low Countries and was receiued by the duke of Alba at Nymeghen with great honour who conducted her to Brussels and so to Flessingue where shee imbarked in October and within eight dayes arriued happily in Biscaie being accompanied by the Archdukes Albert and Wenceslaus her brethren being verie young Shee was receiued there by the cardinall of Seuille whom the king had sent thither to doe that office The king entertained her at Segouia with that state that was befitting the greatnesse then passing on to Madrid whereas the widow Queene of Portugall met them they were maried with great solemnitie The king of Spaine as wee haue said was solicited to enter-into league with the Pope and the Venetians against whom Selym the great Turke picking a quarell had declared warre And for that the danger of this warre required aid the Pope sent a Nuntio into Spaine which was Lewis Torres clerke of the chamber with speciall order from him to draw the king into this league but aboue all to craue the assistance of his gallies for that present yeare that being ioyned with them of Venice they might goe and make head against that mightie fleet which the Turke had sent to sea The king knowing how much it did import himselfe and the whole state of Christendome King of 〈◊〉 sends his 〈◊〉 to assist the â—â—netions being moued with many speciall considerations hee graunted his gallies which were then readie in Italie Wherefore he sent a speciall commission to Iohn Andrew Doria That according to the Popes pleasure he should go as head of those gallies to Messina but he gaue him no direction that hee should goe from thence to Corfu to ioyne with the Venetian armie and with the Popes gallies which were commaunded by Mars Anthonie Colonna and that hee should leaue the commaund of all vnto Colonna being lent by the king vnto his Holinesse the which being not well specified was a great prejudice to the armie that yeare But the businesse of the league being treated of in the kings Councell with great deliberation was not so easily concluded notwithstanding that Torres and Leonardo Donata a Senator of great worth sent from the State of Venice into Spaine did solicite it verie earnestly but the importance of the businesse the ordinarie disagreement which is found in all Councels consisting of men of diuers complexions and the naturall slownesse of that nation made those embassadours to spend many monethes in vaine and did somewhat coole the ardent desire the king had to satisfie the Pope and that Commonweale as he did afterwards shew â—y the effects But to come to the cause of this warre The Turke had sent a Chaous to the Venetians that they should without delay deliuer vnto him the island of Cypres which did belong vnto him as hauing succeeded to the rights of the Emperours of Constantinople the kings of Ierusalem and of the auncient kings of Syria and Aegypt the which said hee they had gotten away Warre 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 against the â—â—netians The which hauing refused he denounced war against them wherein they had great difficulties being surprised for that it was before the succours â—ame which they had begged from the king of Spaine the Pope and other princes who performed not their promises but verie late after the losse of Nicosia and all they had in that island euerie one selling the succours which hee had promised in balancing the interest they had to oppose against the Turke and seeking to contribute with some aduantage for his owne particular But the next yeare there was a league made as you shall heare by the which D. Iohn of Austria the kings brother was chosen to be Generall of the confederates armie against the Turke The enterprise which the Turke made vpon Cypres and the battell at sea which happened vpon this occasion is memorable and merits a particular relation in this historie of Spaine for that the power and meanes of king Philip did much auaile and D. Iohn of Austira his brother had the honour to be Generall of the armie at sea and woon a famous victorie The island of Cypres was in truth a remainder of the Empire of Constantinople Cypres an island and a realme and of the realme of Ierusalem erected by the French
yeelded to the Turkes hauing but seuen barrels of powder left they began to treat of an accord and hauing made a truce the first of August the next day they gaue hostages of either side The conditions were That the citie should be yeelded to the Turkes the persons armes and goods of souldiers and citizens being safe who might remaine there and liue in the laws of Christ and not be wronged in their honours nor substance That such as would depart might haue free passage into Candie and three yeares respite and that the souldiers should be garded by the Turkish gallies that no outrage should be done them and that they might carrie with them fiue peeces of ordnance and three of their best horses That they should not make any Mosques of their churches nor charge the citizens with any carriages or tenthes Mustafa signed these conditions and the souldiers began to imbarke in the gallies and other vessels which the Turks had sent into the port and on the fift day at night Bragadino hauing sent the keyes to Mustafa by cont Nestor Martinengo he went himselfe in person with Astor Baglioni Iohn Antonio Quirini Andrew Brigadino cont Lewis Martinengo with other Commaunders of great worth Mustafa receiued them in shew with great honour and causing them to sit downe hee discoursed with them of diuers things at last he said That the Christians which had imbarked to goe from Famagosta the night before they meant to passe into Candie and to other places belonging to the Venetians had cruelly and treacherously slaine all the Turkish slaues which they had and that three had escaped with great difficultie out of the citie to aduertise the Bassa thereof And therefore he had giuen order that the Turkes should not goe out of the hauen with their vessels before they had good caution for their securitie that they should not be slaine or made slaues in Candie or any other place Whereunto Bragadino answered That it was not in the accord to giue any hostages and therefore he meant not to doe it denying absolutely that there were any Turkes slaine as he had said Mustafa was much altered with this answer and made a signe with his hand that he should come neere him then he caused his interpreter to speake certaine words vnto him in his eare which were not heard nor yet Brigadinos answer but he seemed more furious than a Tigre and striking Marc Antonio vpon the head he and all the rest were presently taken being all vnarmed for it is a custome among the Turkes that no stranger comes vnto them with his armes Men of worth treacherously put to death by Mustafa Then causing them to be led out of the tent he caused Astor Baglioni Andrew Bragadino Iohn Antonio Quirini Lewis Martinengo and the knight del Haste to bee cut in peeces in his presence one after another Marc Antonio being reserued for a more horrible death Cont Hercoles Martinengo being there in hostage was saued by one of the Bassaes Eunuches who tooke him for his slaue The souldiers which were in the campe to the number of three hundred were all slaine and those that were imbarked were made slaues Two dayes after Mustafa entred into Famagosta Death of Marc Antonio Bragadino and hauing caused Bragadinos eares to bee cut off when hee was taken prisoner hee made him to bee set vpon the maine yard of the Admirals gallie of Rhodes to bee a spectacle to the Christians that were there in captiuitie In the end hee caused him to bee set vpon the pillorie in the market place and there to bee flayed aliue by a Iew this lord shewing still a noble resolution and full of Christian pietie neither did hee during all his torments and disgraces which they did vnto him shew any signe of feare or basenesse still reproaching that treacher with the breach of his faith euen vnto his death Then hee caused him to be quartered and one of them to bee set vpon either batterie his skinne was stuft with straw and hung at the yard of one of his galliots being first a miserable spectacle to all the coast of Soria and then to Selim in Constantinople Thus after threescore and fifteene dayes batterie and many assaults the Turkes hauing spent an hundred and fiftie thousand shot of great ordnance Famagosta was taken D. Iohn of Austria came the foure and twentieth of August to Messina D. Iohn d' Austria comes to Messina being receiued by the two other Generals Colonna and Veniero with great honour where all the forces of the league not being yet arriued he called the two Generals with some others of greatest judgement in martiall affaires to counsell to resolue what they had to doe but for that their opinions were diuers it was ordered that they should set them downe in writing with their reasons but the resolution was deferred vntill the arriuall of the rest of the gallies On the first of September Iohn Andrew Doria arriued with twelue gallies hauing imbarkt Germanes and Lombards at Spetie after whom came the marquesse of S. Crux with thirtie gallies from Naples and the next day Quirini and Canale with threescore from Candie soone after there came some ships from Naples laden with men and munition and some gallies from Palermo conducted by Cardona but some other vessels could not come so soone being left to imbarke three thousand Italian foot and 1000 Spaniards that were at Otranto Number of Christians fleet at Messina There were at Messina the eight of September twelue gallies of the Popes 81 of the king of Spaines with twentie ships of burthen some say twentie fiue one hundred and eight gallies of the Seigniorie of Venice six galleasses and two ships three gallies of Malta and three of the Order of S. Lazaro so as there were in the whole fleet two hundred and seuen gallies six gallnasses and two and twentie ships besides foists and other smaller vessels and in them at the least twentie thousand fighting men with victuals and munition sufficient Those that had chiefe charge in this armie besides the Generals were these Ascanio de la Corna was Campe-master generall for the king of Spaine the earle of S. Fiora was Generall of the Italians the Colonels were cont Paulo Sforza the earle of Sarno and Gasper Toraldi the Colonels of the Dutch were the earle of London and Vinciguerra of Arco And of the fleet Iohn Andrew Doria was Generall of his owne gallies which the king paied D. Aluaro de Bassan marquesse of S. Crux gouerned them of Naples with the like title D. Iohn of Cardona them of Sicile and D. Cesare d' Aualos the ships Gabrio Serbelloni was Generall of the ordnance The names of the rest of the Commaunders I omit to auoid tediousnesse The Pope sent Iohn Paulo Odescalco to Messina to hasten their departure and to inrich them with many indulgences being to fight against the enemies of the holy Church Then after a solemne procession they
qualities the Deputies of the Realme and the Cleargie were least spared there were also many Ladies Gentlewomen and other women prisoners and Lieutenants of Soueraigne Iustice as Michel Claueria and Micer Spinosa whom they forced to renownce their Offices substituting others whom the King before for their offences had declared incapable to the blemish of his authoritie their election beeing against all right and law They did also confiscate contrary to the lawes of Arragon not onely the goods of the husbands but also of the wiues of such as were absent And aboue all the Soueraigne Iudge of Arragon was taken and within twenty houres lost his head without any other sentence but of a little scrowle written with the Kings hand in these termes Hauing read this you shall presently apprehend Don Ihon de la Nuca chiefe Iustice of Arragon and let mee haue newes of his death as soone as of his Imprisonment The which was done notwithstanding his appellations and Protestations without the priuitie of any man vntill hee came vnto the Scaffold to bee executed whereas many had gone before him and many followed after Thus the Realme of Arragon thinking to preserue their priuiledges and liberties lost them with the chiefe of the Nobility and a great number of men of good quality This yeare 1592. the King of Spaine hauing put many to death at Saragoça for that they had taken armes for the defence of their liberties and burnt Antonio Perez Image The Estates of the Country hauing assembled at Tarracone and giuen satisfaction vnto the King hee was content to send a generall pardon into the Prouince Wherevpon all Vargas Souldiers were drawne out of Saragoça except some fewe that were left to garde the Inquisition The Turke beeing in Armes and threatning especially the house of Austria the Catholicke King grew iealious that by this diuersion hee might bee much troubled in his warres of Flanders where as the vnted Estates were very strong beeing assisted from other Princes hee therefore sent Charles Cigala to Constantinople vnder coulour to visit his brother but it was generally thought that his going was to saue his country from inuasion but Cigala could not obtaine what hee desired for that the Turkes landing diuerse times carryed away many thousands of Christians and committed great spoyles vpon the coasts of Calabria and Apulia comming neere vnto Naples as also in Sicile Newes beeing come into Spaine Cont Fuentes sent into the Low countries that the Duke of Parma was returned very sicke from the Spawe and that the Physitions despaired of his life the Cont of Fuentes was presently sent into the Lowe Countries with Commission to command the armie after his death the which some imputed to the Spaniards whither he went in post but the Duke of Parma dyed before his arriuall in Arras and was much lamented This yeare there beeing a Commission granted by the Queene of England to Sir Walter Raleigh for an expelition to the west Indies he armed fourteene or fifteene good ships of warre whereof two were the Queenes and beeing accompanied by a troope of resolute Gentlemen hee began to bee ready to goe from the West Countries but hee was so long stayed there by contrary windes as the fittest season for Sayling was past his peoples mindes began to alter and his victuals consumed Wherevpon the Queene called home Sir Walter Raleigh in Maye commanding him to giue ouer his intended voyage and to leaue his charge to Sir Iohn Bourrough and Sir Martin Frobisher but hee finding his honor ingaged would not leaue the fleete beeing now vnder saile but beeing taken with a strange tempest on the 11. of May and in danger to be swallowed vp in the sea he resolued to returne and to leaue the charge to the aboue-named giuing them directions to diuide their fleet in two one to lye vpon the South Cape of Spaine and the other to attend at the Ilands which made the Admirall of Spaine to stay vpon that coast and to neglect the wafting of the Caracks Sir Iohn Bourrough sayling towards the Açores Carrake called Santa Cruz set on fire hee discouered a Carack called Santa Cruz comming from the East Indies which getting neere the land the Portugalls carried what goods they could out of her and set fire of the ship There they vnderstood by certaine prisoners of three other Carracks that were comming from the Indies which Sir Iohn with his consorts resolued to attend After sixe weekes patience they discouered a huge Caracke called Madre de Dios Carack called Mombre de Dios taken by the English one of the greatest belonging to the Crowne of Portugall which after a long and furious fight was in the end borded by the English they found the hatches strewed with dead carcases and with wounded men languishing Don Fernando de Mendoça was commander of this Caracke whom Sir Iohn Bourrough of an honorable disposition and pittying his estate sent away freely with most of his followers to his Country This Caracke was esteemed to be of a thousand sixe hundred tuns and did carry nine hundred tuns in bulke of Marchandize there were in her sixe or seauen hundred persons her chiefe commodities besides Iewels were Spices Drugs silks China silkes Callicoes with Pearle Muske Cyuet and Amber gris with diuerse other commodities the which at resonable rates was valued at an hundreth and fifty thousand pounds starling The losse of these two Caracks brought D. Alphonso de Baçan General with the Spanish fleet in disgrace with the King who imputed it to his negligence In the yeare 1593. the King of Spaine sent the Duke of Feria into France 1593. to offer all his forces to fauour the League Duke of Feria sent to the league in France and the election of a new King beeing assembled together at Paris to that end where it beeing propounded who should bee ealled to the Crowne the Duke of Feria did insist for the eldest daughter of Spaine who he sayd had most right the realme falling to the Masculine line of Capet the which hee maintained for many defects might not pretend so as the Infanta comming of the sister who was elder then Henry the third shee should also bee preferred to the Crowne and the rather for that shee should bee marryed to some Prince in France so as it should not passe to a stranger but this Prince should be chosen by the King of Spaine This proposition was distastfull to most of the assembly who sayd that it was against their Salike law King Philip hauing conquered Portugall which hee pretended to bee due vnto him in the right of his mother and expelled Don Anthonio who was held base hee gaue the gouernment thereof to Cardinall Albertus of Austria yonger sonne to the Emperour Maximilian the second a Prince endowed with many great vertues and therefore very acceptable to the Protugalls In which gouernment hee did so carry himselfe as hee gaue great satisfaction both to the King and his
subiects Philip beeing now growne old and vnfitte for the gouernment of his realmes his sonne Philip beeing yet too young hee called the Arch-duke Albert out of Portugall into Spaine who came vnto the King on the eleuenth day of September hee beeing at the Monastery of Saint Lawrence commonly called Escuriall where hee gaue him an honourable reception The King calling Albert vnto him let him vnderstand with what cares and toyle hee had for so many yeares gouerned his hereditary kingdomes and states but beeing now broken with age hee was no more fitte for command hauing hetherto by all meanes sought to procure the peace and quiet of his subiects but he had bin interrupted by the practises of some turbulent men so as hee could not maintaine peace in all his Prouinces Hee was therefore greeued that hee could not deliuer vnto his sonne a quiet estate and the rather for that his sonne beeing yong of yeares was not yet fit to gouerne kingdomes that his cousins wisedome and integritie had beene tryed vnto him the which he had hetherto vsed among the Portugals knowing it to be such as hee durst safely commit the gouernment of all his other realmes to his faith Hauing now resolued after so many labours past for the glory of God and the quiet of his subiects to giue ouer the gouernment and to spend the remainder of his dayes in contemplation giuing God thankes for the prosperous course of his life and the happines of his Estates retyring himselfe into some Religious place and there pray continually for his soules health And to resigne vp the gouernment of his Realmes to Philippe his sonne and to Albert his cousin that with their ioynt Councels and cares they might gouerne his subiects vntill his sonne grew to more yeares and were capable of the sole commaund That hee would also adde vnto their Councels fiue of the cheife Noble-men of the Kingdome Spaniards borne whose councell helpe and authority if need were they should vse but I doe not find that this resolution tooke effect Muley Mahomet sometimes King of Fez and Marrock Muley Zecq becâ—mes a Christian. was expelled by his vncle Muley Moluc who imploring ayde from Sebastian King of Portugall they both dyed in battell as you haue heard Mahomet had a sonne called Muley Xecq who had beene giuen in hostage with some Noblemen to Sebastan who sent him to Mazagon After the battell hee was conuayed with his company into Spaine where hee was brought vppe vnder the protection of King Philippe and this yeare beeing instructed in the Christian Religion hee became a Christian and was Christned in that famous Monastery of Saint Laurence called Escuriall with his couzin and other Courâ—iars all making profession of the Gospell The Turke this yeare made all Italy to tremble 1594. for that Cigala beeing come forth with an hundred and threescore Galleys and other vessells it seemed at the first that hee had a desseyne to enter into the gulphe but finding the Venetians to make great preparation they fell vppon the coast of Calabria where they did much harme vntill the comming of Prince Doria into those Seas Turkes inuade Italy who seeyng the Turke gone retyred himselfe but the Turkes hauing fortified their Fleete with more Gallyes returned againe and threatned Italy Whereuppou Carlo Spinelli by commandement from the Viceroy of Naples caused the Citty of Rhegium to bee abandoned with some others vppon that coast Cigala comming to Rhegium and finding their goods carried to some safer place â—ee burnt it in disdaine and threatned to passe farther into the countrey The misery which the poore people endured and the cruelty which those Barbarians vsed was exceeding great the spoyles they made were valued at many hundred thousand crownes And for that the King of Spaine had need if hee would defend his owne Estates and the honour of the holy Church from the Armes of Infidells of great summes of gold he made request vnto the Pope that the Cardinall and Archbishop of Toledo being dead in Spaine and hauing left a million of crownes to bee imployed in godly vses he would make declaration that the said summe might bee imployed in those godly and important warres wherein the Pope tooke deliberation and did soone after satisfye the King Albert of Austria Archbishop of Toledo confirming the Cardinall Albert of Austria in the succession of the said Archbishoprick hauing beene named by his Maiesty But to treate more strictly with him of many affayres importing Christendome he sent Iohn Francisco Aldâ—brandini Ambassadour into Spaine who was receaued there with royall magnificence and great shewes of honour and loue In the beginning of this yeare 1595. 1595. the warre began to grow hotte in the Franche Conty of Bourgundy betwizt the French and the Spaniard whether the King of Spaine resolued to send the Constable of Castile Constable of Castile sent vnto the Frâ—nch Court who was Gouernor of the Dutchie of Milan with 4500. souldiers of the Realme of Naples and he gaue commission to Fernando de Toledo Lodowicke Melzi to Alexander Carraciola and to Alexander Gonzaga either of them to raise a troupe of horse and that they should leauy a thousand foot in that estate Protestation of the Spanish Ambassâ—dor at the absolution of the French King and three thousand in the Duchy of Vrbin The French King hauing left the religion wherein he had beene bred and fallne to the Romish Church was after great sute and instance absolued by the Pope with the accustomed ceremonies Before the doing whereof the King of Spaines Ambassadour made a protestation in the King his Masters name that whatsoeuer the Pope intended for to doe in the said businesses should not any way preiudice his Masters rights to the Realme of Nauarre nor to the Duchy of Bourgondy nor yet to the great treasure hee had disbursed at the request of the Catholikes of France whereof hee meant to bee repaied and that hee would not desist from armes vntill that Realme had satisfied him which protestation being accepted by the Pope the said embassadours Secretarie caused a publike instrument to bee made with licence from his Holinesse Death of D. Antonio king of Portugall And this yeare died D. Antonio of Portugall at Paris which newes were verie ioyfull to the king of Spaine being freed from the apprehensions of dailie troubles in that realme by meanes of his pretensions The Archduke Ernestus of Austria being Gouernour in Flanders for the king of Spaine the earle of Fuentes commanded the armie by prouision vntill the comming of a new gouernour the king resoluing to send the Cardinall Albertus to succeed his brother vpon whose dispatch whether it proceeded from the kings own disposition or a desire in him to make himselfe the more acceptable to the people of those Prouinces at his first comming there were many Ships of the East Countries and the Netherlands which had beene staied in Spaine to serue as men of warre and to
within these walles at this instant aboue two thousand fighting men which are strong and able besides which some hauing been sicke and hurt recouer daily the greatest part of these consisting of old Soldiers which fal not but by the sword and those that were new being now both trained to their arms and acquainted with the clymate are more able to endure than at the first our means as good as they haue beene any time these two moneths such as Spaniards can wel indure and able to suffice vs three moneths more wee lodge in good warme houses haue store of munition and which is best of all stand well assured that our succour will be here shortly To bee plaine wee preserue our men and reserue our strength the best we may hoping to front you in a breach which if our hearts faile vs not wee haue hands and brests enow to stop against treble your forces but I wil giue the Viceroy this right that his men are passing good yet spent and tyred with the miseries of a Winter seege which hee hath obstinately maintained beyond my expectation but with such caution and vpon so good gard as hauing nicely watched all aduantages I could neuer fasten a salley yet vpon him but with losse to my selfe wherein I must confesse my hopes were deceiued that grounding vpon some error in his approaches I promised vnto my selfe the defear of at least a thousand men at one blow But when wee meet vpon a breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the ground and rest hopefull that the losse of those will make a great hole in an army which hath already suffered so much extremity But to conclude our businesse the king my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnel presuming on their promise that I should within few daies after the arriuall of our forces haue ioyned with them I expected them long in vaine sustained the Viceroys armie saw them drawne to the greatest head they could possibly make lodged within two miles of Kinsale fortified with certaine companies of Spaniards euerie houre promising to releeue vs and beeing ioyned together to force your campe At last wee saw them broken with a handful of men and dispersed into diuers parts of the world Odonnel into Spain Oneale into the farthest parts of the North so as now I finde no such Condees in rerum natura as I came to ioine with and therefore haue mooued this accord the rather to disingage the king my master from assisting a people so vnable in thēselues as the whole burthen of the warre must lie vpon him and so prefidious as perhaps they might be drawne in the end to betray him Vpon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy Councel of these offers made by D. Iohn it was thoght good for many important reason to proceed roundly to an accord there being nothing propounded by him that admitted any exception but that he demanded to carrie away his ordnance 1601 munition treasure which did not so much import as it should breake off the treatie which concerned the common good and safety of the kingdom whereupon a composition was made vpon these articles following 1 That said D. Iohn d' Aguilar shall quit the places which he holds in this kingdome as well the towne of Kinsale Articles of the accord at Kinsale as those which are held by the Spaniards or other souldiers vnder his command in Castell-hauen Baltemore and in the Castell of Beerhauen or other places to the Lord deputie or to whome he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation sufficient shipping and victuals for his said Souldiers with the which the said D. Iohn may passe with them into Spaine if he may at one time if not at two shippings 2 That the Souldiers which are at this present vnder the command of the said D. Iohn in this kingdome shall not beare armes against the Queenes Maiesty of England whensoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine vntill the said Souldiers be vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being sent away as soone as may be by the Lord Deputy as hee promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said D. Iohn and his army as well Spaniards as other nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that he may depart with his armes munition money ensignes displaied artillerie and any other prouisions for warre or other things both that which is in Castel-hauen Kinsale and other places 4 That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money after such rates as they vse here to pay That all the Souldiers and the said things may be shipt if it bee possible at one time if not at two and that to bee within the time aboue mentioned 5 That if by contrarie winds or any other accidents there shall come into any of the ports of Ireland or England any of those ships wherein the said Soldiers shall passe they shall bee intreated as friends and may ride safely in the harbour be victualled for their mony shal moreouer haue such things as shal be needful to furnish thē for their voiage 6 That during the time they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to D. Iohns people at reasonable rates 7 That there shall be cessation of armes of either side security giuen that no wrong be offered to any one 8 That the ships wherein the said Souldiers shall be transported for Spaine may passe safely by any of the queenes Maiesties ships of England and so shal the said Queenes and her subiects by those that shal go from hence and the said ships being ariued in Spaine shall return as soone as they haue vnshipt their men without any impediment giuen thē by his Maiestie or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and help them if they need any thing and for securitie thereof they shall deliuer into the Lord deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chose 9 For assurance of the performance of these articles D. Iohn promiseth that hee will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement whereunto some of the captaines vnder his charge shall in like maner sweare 10 That the said D. Iohn shall remain within the realme of Ireland where the Lord deputy shal appoint vntill the last shipping vpon his Lordships word if it happen that his soldiers be shipt all at once the said D. Iohn may go in the same fleet without any let but rather the Lord deputy shall giue him a good ship wherein he may passe and if his men go in two shippings then he shall go in the last 11 And in like maner the said Lord deputy shal confirm sweare the same giue his word in the Q. Maiesties behalf his own to keep accomplish this accord that the chiefe
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king
Iames died of a canker at Segobia and it is reported that shee beeing a wise and vertuous Lady did greatly reprooue her husbands extreame ambition and that at her death she made him sundrie remonstrances which tended greatly to his honour and commoditie and the preseruation of his house shee did greatly aduise him to maintaine the King in his honour and reputation towards whome hee had insolently behaued himselfe and most commonly without respect to the great griefe of all the great Lords of Spaine whereuppon the Master made her many faire promises of amendment which after her death were soone forgotten therefore considering with himselfe that hee was now a widdower and badly beloued he thought it expedient for him and greatly profitable for his affaires in hand Master of S. Iames allyes himselfe with the house of Velasco to marrie againe and to strengthen himselfe with some good allyance wherefore he bended his thoughts vppon the houses of Mendoza and Velasco rich and mightie families the chiefe of which hee hauing sounded and practised there was a meeting betwixt Segobia and Pedraza by the Bishoppes of Siguença Palença and Burgos the Earles of Haro Medina Celi and the Master who agreed vpon a marriage betwixt the sayd Master and the Earle of Haros daughter wherewith the king was well pleased The marriage was afterward sollemnized at Pegnafiell a place belonging to the Earle of Vregna who was Nephew to the Master By this allyance the Bishop of Siguença was pacifyed came to Court and had promise of the Kings fauour for his obtayning of a Cardinals hat whereon he dreamed day and night from Pope Sixtus the fourth newly elected who was borne in Sauona of the family of Rouero a Friar and Cardinal of the title of Saint Peter ad vincula whose Legate Roderigo Borgia Bishop of Albi and Cardinall of the title of S. Nicholas in carcere Tulliano Rodrigo Borgia Cardinal◠Vice-chancellour of the sea of Rome who afterward was Pope came this yeare 1471. into Spayne where hee was receiued at Madrid by King Henry with all the honour and submission that a seruant or an obedient sonne could vse towards his superiour and father as also in all places as hee came by the way as soone as he was entred into Castile especially when hee arriued in the territories belonging to the Mastershippe of Saint Iames hee went vnder a rich canopie the King beeing on his left hand yet a little behind him Hauing then declared his legation and shewed his faculties which were to visit the Kingdome of Castile and the Isles neere adiacent to ordayne what was necessarie for the Church of Rome the King shewing himselfe very obedient and willing hee deputed the Licenciate Diego Henriques his Chronicler Chaplaine and Councellour to accompanie and conferre with him about these matters At the intreatie of the King and the Master of Saint Iames the Legate dispatched a message to Rome for the Bishoppe of Siguença's hatte An. 1472. this was in the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty two When the Court and the Legate came to Segobia there was made a generall assembly of the Commissioners of euery Cathedrall Church of Spaine where a certaine Subsidie was graunted to the Pope which was the principall cause of his Legation in recompence whereof the Legate bestowed pardons and indulgences vppon euery place with measure and proportion according to euery mans qualitie and besides did ordaine to euery Church two Channonries the one for a Diuine the other for a Chanonist the which should be giuen by the Bishops and Chapters Some neuerthelesse namely of those which did cleaue and adhere to the partie of the Princes Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella did not appeare at this assembly in the number of whom was Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria who requested the legate to come to Valiodolit saying that they were to conferre with him about matters touching the succession of the kingdomes but the King perswaded him to the contrary accusing the Princes and their followers of many matters The Legate neuerthelesse went to Alcala to visit the Princes who remained there with the Archbishop of Toledo by whom he was sumptuously receiued and with great pompe as also in Guadalajara the Marquis of Santillanas house where hee remained a certaine space with the Marquis and the Earles his bretheren The impieties superstitions thefts rapines and other insolencies vsed at that time among the Christians in Spaine Enormous sins cause those newly conuerted to returne to Iudaisme namely the Prelates and Church-men were so scandalous to all men as diuerse newe Christians who were conuerted from Iudaisme to the profession of Christianity being constrained more by the rigor of the lawes then perswaded by wholesome doctrine and good examples began to returne to Iudaisme not being able to beleeue by humaine reason that the religion professed by such detestable people could bee the true The remedy applied to this mischiefe was the same which arrogant men and such as hate correction Massacre of the new Christians and are desirous to liue in their errors and corruptions doe commonly vse namely the sword massacres and all manner of excesse For in the Citty of Cordoua insteed of bringing back these straies by meeknesse holinesse of life and such like examples which is the duty of the ministers of the Church they did let loose the bridle to the rash mutinous people who made a cruell slaughter of them and spoiled their goods Those of Iaen followed this example against whom the Constable Michaell Lucas d' Irançu opposing himself The Constable Don Michael Lucas de Iransu murthered by the people was most inhumainly murthered in the Cathedral Church by the enraged multitude The like cruelties and robberies were committed in Andujar and other places of Andaluzia wherewith King Henry was extreamly discontented but being faint-harted and of no courage in these matters hee did no more punish the murtherers then the Pastors were diligent in seeking out fit Christian meanes to bring back these Apostata's into the right way The office of Constable was giuen to Don Pedro Velasco Earle of Haro the Kings great Chamberlaine D. Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castill at the intercession of the Maister of Saint Iames his Sonne in law the which dignity hath euer since euen till our time continued in that family The King like-wise gaue the seales of his Chancery to the Bishogge of Siguença The King finding that Donna Ioane his supposed daughter had very ill successe in her treaties of marriage resolued to bestow her vpon Don Henry Sonne to the Infant Don Henry who was Maister of S. Iames brother to Don Ferdinand Infant of Castile which was King of Arragon who at the same time remayned in the Citty of Barcelona from whence hee caused him to come secretly into Castile This Prince who by the commandement of King Iohn his vnckle was called in his dominions the Infant of Arragon and by