albeit_o one_o of_o the_o enemy_n do_v also_o leave_v the_o list_n yet_o his_o intent_n therein_o be_v to_o pursue_v his_o foe_n be_v flee_v thence_o and_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o combat_n be_v for_o matter_n of_o treason_n it_o suffice_v not_o only_o for_o the_o victorious_a to_o vanquish_v the_o enemy_n but_o also_o to_o bring_v he_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o see_v of_o the_o one_o party_n one_o be_v hurt_v and_o the_o other_o flee_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v judge_v to_o lose_v all_o honour_n and_o be_v condemn_v as_o guilty_a of_o that_o whereupon_o the_o quarrel_n be_v move_v 14_o seven_o gentleman_n do_v compound_v with_o seven_o other_o to_o run_v certain_a course_n at_o the_o tilt_n for_o honour_n and_o love_n of_o lady_n in_o which_o match_n it_o happen_v that_o five_o of_o the_o one_o party_n do_v commendablie_o acquit_v themselves_o but_o the_o other_o two_o of_o that_o side_n be_v overthrow_v on_o the_o other_o side_n two_o only_o perform_v their_o course_n well_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o company_n exceed_v evil_a lose_v many_o lance_n and_o run_v very_o foul_a whereof_o a_o question_n grow_v whether_o unto_o five_o well_o doer_n and_o two_o evil_a or_o unto_o two_o weldoer_n with_o five_o evil_a the_o honour_n ought_v be_v allot_v albeit_o in_o this_o case_n much_o may_v be_v speak_v yet_o for_o that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o of_o any_o particular_a man_n merit_n but_o which_o party_n in_o general_n perform_v best_o the_o enterprise_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o party_n wherein_o be_v most_o weldoer_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o honour_n notwithstanding_o the_o fall_n of_o two_o of_o their_o companion_n yet_o forsomuch_o as_o to_o fall_v from_o horseback_n by_o the_o enemy_n force_n or_o virtue_n be_v most_o reproachful_a it_o seem_v that_o the_o misadventure_n of_o two_o man_n only_o may_v reasonable_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o honour_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o we_o leave_v the_o judgement_n of_o this_o doubt_n unto_o wise_a man_n better_o experience_v in_o arm_n 15_o two_o gentleman_n be_v in_o combat_n for_o life_n the_o challenger_n take_v the_o sword_n of_o the_o defender_n from_o he_o notwithstanding_o the_o defender_n most_o valiant_o defend_v himself_o with_o his_o arm_n and_o hand_n all_o the_o whole_a day_n during_o which_o time_n he_o can_v not_o be_v force_v either_o to_o deny_v yield_v or_o be_v slay_v a_o question_n thereupon_o arise_v whether_o of_o they_o be_v victorious_a forsomuch_o as_o this_o combat_n be_v for_o life_n and_o that_o in_o every_o fight_n of_o such_o nature_n no_o victory_n be_v full_o gain_v until_o the_o defender_n be_v slay_v or_o else_o force_v to_o yield_v or_o deny_v it_o seem_v that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v guilty_a nor_o have_v do_v any_o of_o these_o although_o his_o sword_n be_v lose_v which_o indeed_o in_o all_o martial_a exercise_n and_o feat_n of_o arm_n be_v a_o thing_n much_o to_o be_v discommend_v but_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o combat_n and_o action_n of_o arm_n for_o honour_n love_n &_o praise_v only_o whosoever_o lose_v his_o sword_n must_v present_o also_o lose_v the_o honour_n and_o victory_n 16_o two_o gentleman_n fight_v for_o life_n within_o the_o list_n the_o one_o yield_v himself_o a_o prisoner_n whether_o may_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o place_n who_o in_o combat_n be_v elect_v a_o judge_n save_o the_o life_n of_o he_o that_o be_v vanquish_v hereunto_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o albeit_o every_o prisoner_n appertain_v unto_o his_o taker_n yet_o have_v it_o common_o be_v use_v that_o the_o victorious_a have_v present_v their_o prisoner_n unto_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v dispose_v at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n who_o in_o recompense_n thereof_o do_v use_n according_a to_o the_o magnanimous_a mind_n of_o such_o person_n not_o only_o to_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o victorious_a but_o also_o in_o sign_n of_o clemency_n and_o mercy_n set_v the_o infortunate_a prisoner_n free_o at_o liberty_n as_o do_v the_o noble_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n unto_o john_n visconti_n who_o in_o his_o presence_n be_v vanquish_v by_o thomas_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n base_a son_n unto_o the_o french_a king_n and_o philip_n duke_n of_o milan_n do_v the_o like_a unto_o another_o infortunate_a gentleman_n vanquish_v by_o a_o neapolitan_a knight_n of_o the_o honour_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o be_v disarm_v in_o sundry_a place_n and_o of_o sundry_a piece_n cap._n 6._o a_o man_n that_o lose_v his_o sword_n in_o fight_n be_v more_o reproach_v than_o he_o that_o lose_v his_o shield_n for_o he_o gain_v the_o great_a honour_n that_o win_v the_o chief_a weapon_n from_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o sword_n see_v therewith_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n do_v create_v their_o knight_n and_o the_o sword_n be_v bear_v before_o they_o in_o sign_n of_o authority_n and_o regal_a power_n he_o that_o lose_v his_o headpiece_n in_o fight_n be_v more_o dishonour_v than_o he_o that_o lose_v his_o shield_n because_o the_o helmet_n defend_v the_o most_o principal_a part_n of_o man_n but_o the_o shield_n arm_v a_o low_a place_n he_o that_o lose_v his_o gauntlet_n in_o fight_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v than_o he_o who_o be_v disarm_v of_o his_o poulderon_n for_o the_o gauntlet_n arm_v the_o hand_n without_o which_o member_n no_o fight_n can_v be_v perform_v and_o therefore_o that_o part_n of_o armour_n be_v common_o send_v in_o sign_n of_o defiance_n he_o that_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o saddle_n by_o violence_n of_o his_o adversary_n encounter_n shall_v be_v more_o reproove_v than_o he_o who_o fall_v by_o the_o default_n of_o his_o horse_n the_o break_n of_o girth_n or_o any_o such_o like_a accident_n of_o the_o honour_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o the_o hurt_v give_v or_o take_v in_o combat_n for_o life_n or_o in_o triumph_n cap._n 7._o he_o that_o in_o fight_n lose_v his_o eye_n shall_v thereby_o receive_v more_o dishonour_n than_o he_o that_o lose_v his_o tooth_n because_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o member_n serve_v the_o most_o necessary_a sense_n but_o the_o tooth_n be_v only_a instrument_n of_o the_o mouth_n he_o that_o lose_v his_o right_a eye_n be_v more_o to_o be_v reproach_v than_o he_o that_o lose_v the_o left_a eye_n because_o the_o right_a side_n be_v in_o better_a opinion_n of_o man_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o leg_n if_o a_o man_n have_v but_o one_o eye_n do_v fight_n with_o another_o man_n that_o have_v two_o in_o lose_v that_o one_o eye_n he_o shall_v be_v more_o blame_v than_o he_o who_o have_v two_o eye_n although_o he_o lose_v one_o he_o that_o lose_v his_o whole_a hand_n shall_v be_v more_o reproach_v than_o he_o who_o lose_v one_o eye_n and_o he_o that_o lose_v a_o foot_n be_v more_o disgrace_v than_o he_o that_o lose_v one_o hand_n of_o just_n and_o turniament_n and_o how_o the_o accident_n in_o such_o exercise_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v cap._n 8._o it_o be_v write_v how_o at_o a_o triumph_n in_o the_o noble_a city_n of_o naples_n a_o gentleman_n call_v the_o l._n peter_n count_n of_o derise_n receive_v so_o furious_a a_o encounter_n by_o the_o lance_n of_o another_o that_o run_v against_o he_o that_o therewith_o he_o become_v at_o one_o instant_a disarm_v of_o his_o shield_n his_o curate_n &_o headpiece_n so_o as_o he_o be_v utter_o disarm_v be_v leave_v on_o horseback_n in_o his_o doublet_n only_o without_o other_o harm_n in_o requital_n whereof_o the_o say_a peter_n give_v unto_o the_o other_o gentleman_n so_o violent_a a_o blow_n as_o therewithal_o the_o girth_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v break_v and_o the_o man_n cast_v headlong_o on_o the_o ground_n thereupon_o a_o question_n be_v move_v which_o of_o they_o have_v merit_v most_o honour_n or_o rather_o which_o of_o they_o deserve_v least_o reproach_n whereunto_o be_v answer_v absolute_o that_o he_o who_o fall_v fro_o the_o horse_n be_v most_o dishonour_v for_o next_o unto_o death_n to_o fall_v from_o the_o horse_n be_v most_o reproachful_a yet_o be_v it_o less_o disgrace_n to_o fall_v with_o the_o horse_n than_o to_o fall_v alone_o and_o therefore_o albeit_o a_o man_n do_v run_v never_o so_o well_o if_o in_o the_o end_n he_o do_v fall_v from_o the_o horse_n he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n receive_v honour_n for_o that_o day_n but_o shall_v rather_o depart_v with_o disgrace_n who_o so_o fight_v on_o foot_n at_o barrier_n or_o in_o any_o other_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o adversary_n constrain_v with_o his_o hand_n to_o touch_v the_o ground_n shall_v thereby_o lose_v all_o commendation_n he_o that_o on_o horseback_n direct_v his_o lance_n at_o the_o head_n be_v more_o
he_o confess_v the_o king_n give_v sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v draw_v and_o hang_v anno._n 1384._o regni_fw-la rich._n 2._o a_o combat_n be_v fight_v between_o sir_n richard_n wooduile_n and_o one_o other_o knight_n bear_v in_o spain_n after_o the_o three_o blow_v give_v the_o king_n stay_v the_o fight_n anno_fw-la 1441._o regni_fw-la henr._n 6._o a_o combat_n be_v grant_v unto_o john_n viscount_n bear_v in_o cypress_n and_o thomas_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marsh_n bastard_n son_n unto_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 3._o at_o westminster_n certain_a combat_n for_o triumph_n honour_n and_o love_n of_o lady_n bring_v before_o the_o king_n of_o england_n cap._n 11._o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o make_v mention_v of_o the_o ceremony_n appertain_v to_o combat_n for_o life_n as_o they_o be_v ancientlie_o use_v now_o i_o think_v fit_a for_o the_o furniture_n of_o this_o work_n brief_o to_o remember_v some_o special_a exercise_n of_o arm_n bring_v before_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n for_o honour_n and_o love_n of_o lady_n only_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n as_o action_n most_o worthy_a memory_n we_o will_v touch_v certain_a particular_a combat_n or_o as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v triumph_n just_n and_o turniament_n perform_v before_o our_o present_a sovereign_a queen_n elizabeth_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o great_a magnanimity_n and_o wisdom_n as_o by_o imitation_n of_o her_o most_o noble_a and_o princely_a virtue_n the_o court_n of_o england_n both_o for_o arm_n and_o learning_n have_v in_o her_o reign_n excel_v all_o other_o triumph_n before_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o a_o royal_a just_o be_v hold_v at_o lincoln_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n where_o be_v present_a certain_a ambassador_n send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o the_o lady_n joane_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n who_o shall_v have_v be_v marry_v unto_o that_o king_n of_o spain_n but_o meet_v she_o on_o the_o way_n she_o die_v anno._n 1348._o a_o triumph_n be_v hold_v at_o windsor_n before_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n whereat_o be_v present_a david_n king_n of_o scot_n the_o lord_n of_o tankeruile_n and_o the_o lord_n charles_n valloys_n who_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n be_v permit_v to_o run_v and_o have_v the_o prize_n anno._n 1349._o in_o smithfield_n be_v solemn_a just_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n where_o be_v present_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o most_o valiant_a knight_n of_o england_n and_o france_n thither_o come_v also_o noble_a person_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o spaniard_n ciâ—riots_n and_o armenian_n humble_o desire_v aid_n against_o the_o pagan_n anno_fw-la 1361._o a_o triumph_n before_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o ivst_n be_v again_o hold_v in_o smithfield_n where_o anthony_n wooduile_a lord_n scales_n do_v run_v against_o the_o bastard_n of_o burgundy_n anno._n 1444._o a_o triumph_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o one_o other_o notable_a action_n of_o arm_n be_v persosonallie_o perform_v in_o smithfield_n between_o a_o knight_n of_o spain_n call_v sir_n francis_n le_fw-fr aragonoys_n and_o sir_n john_n astley_n knight_n of_o the_o garter_n for_o after_o the_o say_a sir_n francis_n have_v win_v the_o honour_n from_o all_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n in_o france_n he_o come_v into_o england_n and_o make_v a_o general_a challenge_n but_o by_o the_o great_a valour_n of_o sir_n john_n astley_n lose_v the_o same_o unto_o he_o the_o memory_n of_o which_o action_n remain_v with_o master_n garter_n principal_a king_n of_o arm_n triumph_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o at_o richmont_n be_v hold_v a_o solemn_a triumph_n which_o continue_v a_o whole_a month_n where_o sir_n james_n parker_n run_v against_o hugh_n váughan_n be_v hurt_v and_o die_v 1494._o one_o other_o triumph_n be_v in_o the_o same_o king_n day_n perform_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n anno._n 1502._o triumph_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o but_o far_o exceed_v all_o these_o be_v that_o magnificent_a just_n &_o turniment_n at_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o two_o excellent_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n &_o k._n frances_n the_o french_a king_n who_o choose_v unto_o they_o fourteen_o other_o do_v challenge_v to_o run_v at_o the_o tilt_n and_o fight_v at_o the_o turney_n and_o barrier_n with_o all_o comer_n the_o challenger_n be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n the_o marquis_n dorcet_n sir_n william_n kingston_n sir_n richard_n jernegan_n master_n nicholas_n carew_n and_o master_n anthony_n knevet_n with_o their_o assistant_n sir_n rowland_n &_o sir_n giles_n capell_n with_o these_o be_v so_o many_o other_o french_a gentleman_n as_o make_v up_o the_o number_n aforesaid_a for_o defender_n thither_o come_v mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr vandosme_n the_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o the_o lord_n edmond_n howard_n every_o of_o they_o bring_v in_o a_o fair_a band_n of_o knight_n well_o arm_v this_o most_o noble_a challenge_n of_o these_o two_o mighty_a king_n accompany_v with_o fourteen_o other_o knight_n of_o either_o nation_n seven_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o norrey_n king_n of_o arm_n in_o england_n &_o france_n germany_n anno_fw-la 12_o hen._n 8._o one_o other_o most_o memorable_a challenge_n be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o king_n who_o in_o his_o own_o royal_a person_n with_o william_n earl_n of_o devonshire_n sir_n thomas_n knevet_n &_o edward_n nevell_n esquire_n answer_v all_o comer_n at_o westminster_n the_o king_n call_v himself_o cuer_v loyal_a the_o lord_n william_n bon_fw-fr voloir_fw-fr sir_n thomas_n knevet_n vailliant_a desir_n and_o edward_n nevil_n joyous_a penser_fw-fr defender_n be_v the_o lord_n grey_n sir_n william_n a_o parr_n robert_n morton_n richard_n blunt_z thomas_n cheyney_n thomas_n tyrrell_n sir_n rowland_n christopher_n willoughby_n the_o l._n howard_n charles_n brandon_n the_o lord_n marquis_n henry_n guildford_n the_o earl_n of_o wiltshire_n sir_n thomas_n bullin_n thomas_n lucy_n the_o lord_n leonard_n the_o lord_n john_n john_n melton_n griffith_n doon_n edmond_n howard_n richard_n tempest_n after_o this_o challenge_n be_v end_v the_o prize_n appoint_v for_o the_o challenger_n party_n be_v give_v unto_o cuer_v loyal_a &_o among_o the_o defender_n to_o edmond_n howard_n another_o solemn_a challenge_n be_v proclaim_v and_o perform_v by_o certain_a english_a knight_n uz._n sir_n john_n dudley_n sir_n thomas_n seymour_n sir_n francis_n poining_n sir_n george_n carew_n anthony_n kingston_n and_o richard_n cromwell_n anno._n 1540_o of_o like_a action_n in_o arm_n since_o her_o majesty_n reign_n these_o do_v seem_v most_o notable_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o memorial_n of_o m._n clarentieux_n a_o gentleman_n very_o diligent_a in_o her_o majesty_n service_n and_o careful_a to_o observe_v thing_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o her_o majesty_n court._n one_o solemn_a just_o turniment_n and_o fight_v at_o the_o barrier_n be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n wherein_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n the_o earl_n of_o sussex_n the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n the_o lord_n scrope_n the_o lord_n darcie_n and_o the_o lord_n hunsdon_n be_v challenger_n and_o with_o great_a honour_n answer_v all_o comer_n the_o defender_n name_n be_v not_o extant_a a_o royal_a challenge_n be_v also_o there_o proclaim_v before_o her_o majesty_n wherein_o be_v challenger_n the_o earl_n of_o oxenford_n charles_n howard_n sir_n henry_n lee_n and_o christopher_n hatton_n the_o defender_n be_v the_o lord_n stafford_n the_o lord_n henry_n seymour_n edward_n harbart_n sir_n george_n carie_n thomas_n cicill_n henry_n grace_n william_n howard_n sir_n jerome_n bowes_n henry_n knowles_n henry_n knevet_n william_n norris_n richard_n bulkelcy_n thomas_n knevet_n william_n knowles_n ralph_n lane_n george_n delues_n robert_n colsel_n lancelot_n bostocke_n brian_n ansley_n henry_n mackwilliams_n thomas_n bedingfield_n thomas_n moor_n william_n worthington_n richard_n blunt_n thomas_n conyngesby_n robert_n alexander_n roger_n clopton_n this_o triumph_n continue_v three_o day_n the_o first_o at_o tilt_n the_o second_o at_o turney_n and_o the_o three_o at_o the_o barrier_n on_o every_o of_o the_o challenger_n her_o majesty_n bestow_v a_o prize_n for_o the_o receive_n whereof_o they_o be_v particular_o lead_v arm_v by_o two_o lady_n unto_o her_o presence_n chamber_n the_o prize_n at_o the_o tilt_n on_o the_o defender_n party_n be_v give_v unto_o henry_n grey_n at_o the_o turney_n unto_o the_o l._n henry_n seymor_n at_o the_o barrier_n unto_o thomas_n cicill_n before_o they_o go_v clarentieux_n king_n of_o arm_n in_o his_o rich_a coat_n of_o arm_n this_o magnificent_a combat_n be_v perform_v anno_fw-la 1571._o a_o honourable_a challenge_n be_v likewise_o bring_v before_o her_o majesty_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n call_v himself_o callophisus_fw-la who_o with_o his_o assistant_n sir_n william_n drewrie_n challenge_v all_o comer_n anno_fw-la 1580_o
thomas_n radcliffe_n sir_n edward_n norris_n anthony_n cook_n sir_n john_n packington_n george_n giffard_n richard_n ward_n euerard_n digbie_n sir_n edward_n deny_v sir_n william_n hatton_n thomas_n vavisor_n henry_n nowell_n sir_n john_n borrowe_n sir_n george_n carew_n anthony_n mildmay_n thomas_n gerrard_n edward_n winter_n sir_n charles_n blunt_z william_n gressam_fw-la john_n wotton_n john_n parker_n francis_n darcie_n robert_n carie._n sir_n edward_n wingfield_n john_n chidley_n sir_n philip_n butler_n richard_n skipwith_n pecksall_a brocas_n william_n harvey_n thomas_n sidney_n jarue_v clifton_n richard_n acton_n my_o meaning_n be_v here_o to_o have_v insert_v all_o the_o speech_n emblem_n devise_n posy_n and_o other_o compliment_n use_v in_o all_o challenge_n &_o other_o public_a exercise_n of_o arm_n since_o her_o majesty_n reign_n but_o for_o want_v of_o observation_n or_o rather_o lack_v of_o some_o sufficient_a man_n to_o have_v set_v they_o present_o down_o those_o thing_n can_v be_v recover_v henceforth_o that_o defect_n be_v like_a to_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o dextrous_a hand_n of_o master_n w._n seagar_n now_o call_v somerset_n one_o of_o her_o maiesties-herehaults_a a_o gentleman_n both_o learned_a and_o language_v and_o therewith_o also_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n able_a to_o express_v in_o demonstration_n with_o great_a art_n and_o excellency_n who_o mind_n be_v whole_o bend_v to_o her_o majesty_n service_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o she_o court_n the_o ceremony_n appertein_v to_o the_o delivery_n of_o prize_n at_o just_n and_o turniment_n cap._n 12._o at_o any_o public_a triumph_n before_o the_o king_n it_o seem_v the_o use_n have_v heretofore_o be_v that_o the_o prize_n of_o best_a desert_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o queen_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n presence_n but_o first_o a_o solemn_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o herehault_n to_o this_o effect_n o_o yes_o o_o yes_o o_o yes_o be_v it_o know_v to_o all_o man_n by_o these_o present_n that_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o high_a most_o excellent_a and_o most_o puissant_a prince_n h._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n that_o of_o those_o which_o have_v ju_v on_o the_o challenger_n side_n a.b._n have_v deserve_v the_o prize_n and_o to_o he_o let_v the_o same_o be_v give_v as_o due_a by_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o her_o lady_n gentlewoman_n and_o all_o other_o of_o her_o highness_n court_n here_o present_a likewise_o on_o the_o party_n of_o defender_n c.d._n have_v ju_v well_o e.f._n better_a but_o g.h._n best_a of_o all_o unto_o who_o the_o prize_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a most_o excellent_a and_o virtuous_a princess_n with_o consent_n aforesaid_a this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o deliver_v the_o prize_n at_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o triumphant_a just_n perform_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o francis_n the_o french_a king_n with_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentleman_n of_o arm_n at_o their_o interviewe_n in_o picardy_n where_o the_o proclamation_n in_o form_n aforesaid_a be_v pronounce_v in_o english_a and_o french_a which_o by_o favour_n of_o master_n garter_n i_o have_v see_v record_v it_o seem_v in_o elder_a time_n the_o use_n be_v that_o the_o prince_n do_v give_v a_o letter_n of_o attestation_n to_o such_o person_n as_o wan_a any_o prize_n either_o in_o combat_n for_o life_n or_o honour_n for_o myself_o have_v read_v such_o a_o one_o grant_v by_o a_o king_n of_o france_n unto_o a_o italian_a gentl._n in_o these_o word_n follow_v whereunto_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v add_v a_o great_a and_o honourable_a ceremony_n no_o i_o filippo_n per_fw-la gratia_fw-la di_fw-it dio_fw-mi re_fw-mi di_fw-mi franza_n etc._n etc._n notifichiammo_fw-la a_o tutti_n coloro_fw-la a_o quali_fw-la perverranno_fw-mi queste_n nostre_fw-fr littere_fw-la et_fw-la che_fw-it lo_o haranno_fw-mi ah_o grado_fw-it et_fw-la in_fw-la piacere_fw-la e_fw-it generalment_fw-it a_fw-fr imperadori_fw-es re_n duchi_n marchesi_n conti_n principi_fw-la nobili_fw-la cavalierie_a gentilhuomini_fw-la come_v havendo_fw-la noi_fw-it celebrato_fw-la le_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr feste_fw-la a_o honore_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o a_o gloria_fw-la di_fw-it nostro_fw-la signior_n dio_fw-mi &_o ad_fw-la honore_fw-la di_fw-it tutti_n i_fw-it cavalieri_fw-la che_fw-it sono_fw-la venuti_fw-la a_o combattere_n a_o tutto_fw-mi transito_fw-la in_o questo_fw-la honorato_fw-mi passo_fw-la di_fw-it armi_fw-la vogliamo_fw-la che_fw-it siano_fw-it riconosciuti_fw-la coloro_fw-la che_fw-it si_fw-mi saranno_fw-mi valorosament_fw-it portati_fw-la senza_fw-it esser_fw-it mai_fw-gr vinti_fw-la pure_a una_fw-la volta_n poi_n che_fw-it si_fw-mi debbe_fw-it there_fw-mi l'honore_fw-la a_o chi_fw-mi merita_fw-la &_o ch'e_a senza_n menda_fw-la pero_n per_fw-la queste_n ordoniammo_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la e_fw-la sententiammo_fw-la che_fw-mi a_o gloria_fw-la a_o honore_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o a_o fama_fw-la del_fw-it egregio_fw-la e_fw-la virtuoso_fw-la cavalier_n n._n esso_fw-it siam_fw-it publicato_fw-la in_fw-it tutti_n quatro_fw-la i_fw-it cantoni_fw-la dell_fw-it lizze_n &_o sbarre_v da_fw-mi i_fw-it re_fw-mi d'_fw-fr armi_fw-la araldi_n &_o passavanti_fw-la con_fw-mi trombette_v e_fw-la sonatori_fw-la con_fw-mi consitimento_fw-mi nostro_fw-la &_o delli_fw-it giudici_fw-la del_fw-it campo_fw-it rappresentanti_fw-la la_fw-fr persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la per_fw-la lo_o migliore_fw-la di_fw-it tutti_n i_fw-it cavalieri_fw-la de_fw-la nostro_fw-la regno_fw-la et_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la che_fw-it siam_fw-it posto_fw-it sopra_fw-la un_fw-it cavallo_fw-la tutto_fw-mi bianco_n e_fw-it che_fw-it tutti_n coloro_fw-la che_fw-it vi_fw-it si_fw-mi truoveranno_fw-mi cosi_fw-it donne_fw-fr come_v huomini_fw-la vengono_fw-la con_fw-mi esso_fw-it noi_fw-it tutti_n a_o piedi_n e_fw-it siam_fw-it fatta_fw-it processione_n generale_fw-mi e._n n._n vada_fw-la sotto_n il_fw-it baldacchino_fw-it fino_fw-la alla_fw-mi chiesa_fw-mi appresso_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la &_o ordoniammo_fw-la che_fw-it uscendo_fw-la della_fw-it chieâ—â—_n si_fw-la vada_fw-la per_fw-la tutte_n le_fw-fr lizze_v &_o sbarre_v e._n n._n ne_fw-la prenda_fw-la la_fw-fr possessione_n e_fw-la per_fw-la i_fw-it re_fw-mi d'_fw-fr armi_fw-la gli_fw-la siano_fw-it date_n tutte_o le_fw-fr chiavi_fw-la dell_fw-it debt_n lizze_n insegno_fw-la di_fw-mi vittoria_fw-la et_fw-la ancora_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la che_fw-it siano_fw-it celebrate_v feste_fw-la che_fw-it durino_fw-it quindeci_fw-la giorni_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o gloria_fw-la del_fw-it vittorioso_fw-it n._n e_o perch_n ciascuno_fw-it conosca_fw-la la_fw-it real_n verità _fw-la di_fw-it questo_fw-la fatto_fw-it habbiamo_fw-la segnata_fw-la la_fw-fr present_n carta_fw-la con_v colour_n vermiglio_fw-it èsuggellata_fw-la co'l_n nostro_fw-la real_a suggillo_fw-la data_fw-la nella_fw-it nostra_fw-la citta_o di_fw-mi parigi_n a_o 4._o the_z luglio_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o in_o english_a philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n etc._n etc._n be_v it_o know_v to_o all_o man_n unto_o who_o these_o letter_n shall_v come_v and_o to_o every_o other_o person_n that_o take_v delight_n or_o pleasure_n in_o arm_n and_o general_o to_o all_o emperor_n king_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n prince_n baron_n &_o other_o gentleman_n that_o we_o have_v celebrate_v a_o solemn_a triumph_n to_o the_o honour_n praise_n and_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o commendation_n of_o such_o as_o do_v fight_v in_o this_o honourable_a action_n of_o arm_n and_o be_v desirous_a that_o they_o who_o have_v valorouslie_o perform_v their_o part_n without_o receive_v blame_n or_o disgrace_n shall_v be_v know_v to_o the_o end_n honour_n may_v be_v give_v to_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o merit_n therefore_o we_o have_v hereby_o ordain_v command_v and_o judge_v for_o the_o everlasting_a honour_n praise_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o excellent_a and_o virtuous_a gentleman_n n._n his_o name_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v in_o every_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o list_n or_o place_n of_o just_n by_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n the_o herehault_n and_o pursivant_n with_o our_o allowance_n and_o by_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o field_n represent_v our_o person_n let_v all_o man_n thereby_o to_o know_v that_o the_o say_v n._n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o virtuous_a gentleman_n of_o arm_n in_o all_o our_o kingdom_n we_o moreover_o command_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v mount_v upon_o a_o white_a horse_n and_o that_o every_o person_n present_a aswell_o woman_n as_o man_n shall_v with_o we_o follow_v he_o in_o procession_n on_o fâ—ote_n &_o that_o the_o say_v n._n shall_v ride_v under_o a_o canopy_n unto_o the_o church_n we_o likewise_o ordain_v and_o command_v that_o in_o return_n from_o the_o church_n we_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o place_n of_o just_n and_o there_o the_o say_v n._n to_o take_v possession_n and_o the_o key_n of_o the_o say_a list_n to_o be_v deliver_v he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n in_o sign_n of_o victory_n last_o we_o command_v that_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o feast_n shall_v continue_v the_o space_n of_o xv_o day_n to_o the_o commendation_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o victorious_a n._n and_o in_o witness_n of_o the_o very_a troth_n in_o
be_v a_o red_a cross_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o sword_n this_o order_n be_v erect_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n don_n ramiro_n win_v the_o victory_n against_o the_o moor_n in_o the_o province_n of_o compostella_n at_o which_o time_n great_a possession_n and_o privilege_n be_v give_v to_o s._n james_n of_o compostella_n anno._n 1030._o this_o order_n have_v one_o chief_a governor_n who_o be_v call_v great_a master_n he_o with_o thirteen_o other_o knight_n have_v authority_n to_o choose_v or_o remove_v any_o knight_n at_o their_o discretion_n upon_o the_o feast_n day_n of_o all_o saint_n these_o knight_n do_v use_v to_o meet_v and_o consult_v upon_o matter_n appertein_v to_o their_o estate_n the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o these_o knight_n be_v marvellous_a amount_v to_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n many_o pope_n have_v give_v their_o allowance_n to_o this_o order_n yet_o either_o they_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o reserve_v a_o great_a tribute_n thereof_o than_o ten_o malachini_fw-la yearly_a knight_n of_o calatrava_n cap._n 14._o by_o imitation_n of_o the_o order_n aforesaid_a be_v this_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1130._o the_o inventor_n thereof_o be_v don_n santio_n king_n of_o toledo_n they_o be_v call_v knight_n of_o calatrava_n of_o the_o province_n and_o place_n where_o they_o be_v make_v and_o settle_v which_o be_v where_o ancientlie_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o templar_n have_v be_v who_o not_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o saracen_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o place_n unto_o these_o knight_n the_o habit_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v a_o black_a garment_n and_o upon_o it_o in_o the_o breast_n be_v set_v a_o red_a crosse._n these_o knight_n have_v also_o exceed_o great_a possession_n and_o many_o commandry_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o spain_n knight_n of_o alcantara_n cap._n 15._o these_o knight_n live_v in_o effect_n under_o the_o ordinance_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o former_a do_v wear_v a_o green_a crosse._n near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o alcantara_n in_o castiglia_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o tago_n they_o have_v a_o church_n of_o great_a beauty_n endow_v with_o rich_a possession_n knight_n of_o montesio_n cap._n 16._o in_o valentia_n be_v the_o cavallieri_n di_fw-it montesio_n a_o place_n also_o seat_v in_o that_o province_n these_o knight_n do_v wear_v a_o red_a cross_n and_o their_o order_n begin_v about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n take_v beginning_n knight_n of_o redemption_n cap._n 17._o these_o knight_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n by_o king_n james_n who_o conquer_v the_o island_n maiorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1212._o their_o garment_n be_v white_a and_o thereon_o a_o black_a crosse._n the_o office_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v to_o redeem_v prisoner_n whereupon_o they_o be_v call_v cavalieri_fw-la della_fw-it redentione_fw-la the_o chief_a governor_n of_o they_o remain_v at_o bercellona_n knight_n of_o s._n john_n in_o jerusalem_n of_o some_o call_v knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o knight_n of_o malta_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v write_v with_o what_o warrant_v i_o know_v not_o that_o at_o the_o city_n of_o amiens_n in_o picardy_n a_o province_n of_o france_n there_o be_v bear_v a_o certain_a gentleman_n who_o in_o his_o childhood_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o man_n estate_n dispose_v himself_o to_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n and_o therein_o long_a time_n continue_v afterward_o have_v attein_v ripe_a year_n he_o despise_v the_o world_n and_o frame_v himself_o to_o a_o solitary_a life_n as_o one_o full_o resolve_v to_o live_v in_o contemplation_n unseen_a of_o any_o but_o god_n alone_o have_v sometime_o remain_v in_o that_o solitary_a sort_n a_o sudden_a desire_n he_o have_v to_o visit_v the_o sepulchre_n where_o christ_n be_v bury_v which_o short_o after_o he_o do_v and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v with_o security_n pass_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n he_o apparel_v himself_o like_o unto_o a_o physician_n by_o which_o mean_v without_o impediment_n he_o perform_v his_o journey_n thus_o have_v pass_v the_o difficulty_n of_o travel_n in_o diverse_a strange_a country_n he_o arrive_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v there_o fall_v into_o acquaintance_n with_o simon_n patriarch_n of_o that_o city_n and_o in_o lament_v wise_a inform_v he_o of_o the_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n offer_v and_o daily_a use_v by_o the_o infidel_n towards_o the_o poor_a christian_n whereunto_o simon_n answer_v that_o albeit_o the_o christian_n in_o those_o country_n endure_v great_a outrage_n yet_o they_o of_o jerusalem_n suffer_v much_o great_a and_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o more_o if_o god_n do_v not_o defend_v they_o by_o this_o conference_n the_o patriarch_n conceive_v peter_n the_o hermit_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o apt_a to_o execute_v any_o action_n of_o importance_n that_o shall_v be_v commit_v unto_o he_o whereupon_o the_o patriarch_n determine_v to_o make_v he_o a_o messenger_n unto_o the_o pope_n unto_o who_o by_o letter_n he_o impart_v the_o great_a calamity_n and_o afflict_a estate_n of_o the_o poor_a christian_n inhabit_v the_o holy_a land_n peter_n have_v receive_v his_o instruction_n and_o letter_n of_o credence_n return_v into_o the_o west_n first_o unto_o the_o pope_n and_o after_o solicit_v other_o prince_n in_o such_o sort_n and_o with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o by_o his_o persuasion_n many_o great_a king_n and_o potentate_n consent_v to_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o infidel_n and_o some_o of_o they_o furnish_v that_o enterprise_n with_o man_n some_o with_o money_n and_o some_o do_v go_v in_o person_n among_o which_o number_n as_o the_o chief_a be_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n son_n to_o king_n william_n of_o england_n godfrey_n duke_n of_o lorayn_n with_o two_o of_o his_o brethren_n call_v eustace_n and_o baldwin_n hugh_n surname_v the_o great_a brother_n to_o the_o french_a king_n with_o diverse_a other_o prince_n duke_n earl_n and_o baron_n also_o thither_o go_v beomondo_n duke_n of_o calabria_n who_o for_o zeal_n to_o that_o service_n or_o desire_v of_o honour_n resign_v his_o dukedom_n unto_o ruggiero_n his_o brother_n take_v with_o he_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o will_v voluntary_o follow_v he_o of_o who_o with_o such_o other_o captain_n and_o soldier_n of_o italy_n as_o come_v unto_o he_o he_o assemble_v more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o all_o choice_n man_n &_o young_a fit_n for_o the_o war_n all_o thing_n in_o this_o sort_n prepare_v for_o the_o journey_n vrban_n the_o second_o than_o pope_n send_v unto_o these_o captain_n a_o white_a cross_n with_o commandment_n that_o all_o the_o soldier_n shall_v wear_v the_o like_a call_v that_o enterprise_n la_fw-fr cruciata_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o christian_n at_o such_o time_n as_o this_o war_n be_v proclaim_v in_o chiaramont_n a_o city_n of_o auernia_fw-la endeavour_v themselves_o universallie_o to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o join_v in_o general_a prayer_n for_o their_o good_a success_n give_v they_o meat_n apparel_n and_o furniture_n unasked_a or_o require_v moreover_o those_o that_o be_v indebt_v be_v forgive_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v be_v pardon_v the_o woman_n also_o contrary_a to_o their_o custom_n willing_o and_o with_o much_o joy_n consent_v their_o husband_n and_o son_n shall_v pass_v in_o this_o enterprise_n and_o for_o their_o furniture_n give_v they_o their_o jewel_n cheine_n and_o money_n the_o french_a king_n likewise_o send_v they_o great_a treasure_n and_o give_v privilege_n to_o the_o soldier_n land_n and_o wife_n in_o their_o husband_n absence_n and_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o other_o lord_n sell_v and_o impawn_v their_o patrimony_n to_o further_o this_o action_n so_o as_o the_o army_n assemble_v for_o this_o holy_a enterprise_n amount_v unto_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o footman_n and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n who_o present_o march_v towards_o constantinople_n where_o they_o pass_v the_o straight_o call_v bosphoro_n tracio_n and_o land_v at_o calcedonia_n for_o the_o first_o enterprise_n they_o besiege_v nicaea_n in_o bithynia_n which_o within_o fifty_o day_n be_v yield_v and_o the_o four_o of_o july_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o certain_a mounteine_v near_o unto_o that_o city_n the_o christian_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o a_o turkish_a army_n which_o in_o number_n exceed_v we_o and_o thereat_o be_v present_a soliman_n the_o emperor_n of_o turkey_n and_o persia_n but_o the_o christian_n have_v victory_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o thousand_o man_n but_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v forty_o thousand_o this_o victory_n gain_v the_o christian_n follow_v their_o enterprise_n within_o short_a time_n win_v a_o hundred_o city_n and_o town_n of_o account_n &_o among_o
knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o arm_n and_o honour_n appertein_v such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o duke_n a_o prince_n in_o his_o life_n and_o place_n repute_v no_o less_o skilful_a in_o point_n of_o honour_n than_o all_o other_o way_n virtuous_a whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o in_o matter_n of_o arm_n all_o emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n have_v ever_o vouchsafe_v to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n and_o therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o a_o answer_v make_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n shall_v be_v of_o virtue_n sufficient_a to_o repulse_v a_o injury_n offer_v before_o a_o prince_n of_o what_o title_n so_o ever_o of_o the_o return_n of_o lie_n cap._n 11._o heretofore_o we_o have_v say_v that_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v for_o a_o repulse_n of_o injury_n ought_v be_v the_o challenger_n yet_o for_o more_o certainty_n of_o that_o say_n we_o be_v diligent_o to_o examine_v what_o sort_n of_o lie_n be_v lawful_a it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o lie_n be_v to_o repulse_v injury_n and_o whensoever_o it_o work_v not_o that_o effect_n it_o become_v injury_n and_o by_o another_o lie_n may_v be_v return_v also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o one_o selfesame_a quarrel_n aswell_o unto_o a_o denial_n as_o a_o affirmation_n the_o lie_n may_v be_v give_v the_o lie_v lawful_o give_v unto_o a_o affirmation_n be_v that_o whereof_o we_o have_v before_o speak_v as_o thus_o one_o man_n say_v unto_o another_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n to_o his_o prince_n he_o answer_v thou_o lie_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o lie_n can_v be_v avoid_v because_o it_o be_v give_v for_o repulse_n unto_o a_o infamy_n direct_o offer_v but_o if_o i_o speak_v of_o other_o do_v say_v he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n and_o one_o stand_v by_o do_v give_v i_o the_o lie_v in_o that_o case_n the_o lie_n shall_v not_o be_v repute_v a_o repulse_n but_o a_o injury_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o say_v that_o gainsay_v the_o commendation_n i_o give_v he_o lie_v because_o he_o encounter_v my_o affirmation_n and_o seem_v to_o deny_v that_o all_o man_n be_v hold_v honest_a till_o proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o contrary_n wherefore_o it_o behove_v he_o that_o deny_v the_o man_n to_o be_v honest_a to_o prove_v such_o denial_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o be_v burden_a and_o bind_v to_o challenge_v i_o but_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o lie_v give_v upon_o the_o negative_a which_o be_v either_o lawful_a or_o may_v lawful_o be_v return_v as_o if_o any_o man_n do_v say_v of_o i_o that_o in_o such_o a_o service_n of_o arm_n i_o have_v not_o do_v my_o duty_n and_o i_o shall_v answer_v with_o the_o lie_n that_o shall_v be_v a_o lawful_a answer_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o he_o have_v not_o fail_v of_o fidelity_n unto_o his_o prince_n and_o i_o say_v he_o lie_v then_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o answer_v thou_o lie_v in_o say_v i_o lie_v and_o consequent_o force_v i_o to_o challenge_v because_o in_o affirm_v his_o own_o fidelity_n he_o do_v not_o injury_n to_o any_o man_n but_o i_o deny_v thereof_o do_v great_o wrong_v he_o and_o therefore_o reasonable_o the_o lie_n to_o be_v return_v upon_o i_o now_o it_o rest_v to_o produce_v some_o example_n how_o in_o one_o selfesame_a quarrel_n both_o upon_o the_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a the_o lie_n may_v be_v give_v so_o as_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o party_n have_v apparent_a place_n of_o repulse_n as_o in_o this_o case_n two_o gentleman_n be_v in_o the_o field_n prepare_v to_o fight_v do_v there_o fall_v into_o disputation_n whether_o the_o weapon_n be_v lawful_a or_o not_o by_o mean_a whereof_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o speech_n and_o nothing_o do_v hereupon_o a_o question_n grow_v whether_o the_o weapon_n be_v reasonable_o refuse_v or_o not_o the_o one_o by_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v lawful_a do_v burden_n the_o other_o and_o he_o by_o deny_v they_o to_o be_v lawful_a do_v burden_n he_o so_o as_o it_o rest_v doubtful_a who_o ought_v to_o challenge_v thus_o much_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o lie_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v offer_v repulse_v or_o return_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o difficulty_n to_o be_v understand_v yet_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o gentleman_n how_o upon_o every_o lie_n the_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o necessary_a cap._n 12._o albeit_o heretofore_o have_v be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o lie_n ought_v to_o be_v challenger_n yet_o be_v not_o our_o meaning_n that_o upon_o every_o lie_n give_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n shall_v forthwith_o follow_v for_o see_v the_o trial_n by_o arm_n be_v incerteine_a and_o the_o civil_a trial_n assure_v therefore_o it_o behove_v every_o gentleman_n to_o be_v justify_v rather_o by_o this_o than_o the_o other_o trial_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v no_o less_o expedient_a for_o gentleman_n and_o all_o other_o profess_v arm_n to_o know_v when_o to_o put_v up_o than_o when_o to_o draw_v their_o weapon_n who_o so_o therefore_o upon_o any_o affirmation_n shall_v be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o offer_v the_o lie_n have_v mean_n to_o make_v such_o proof_n ought_v by_o civil_a and_o reasonable_a trial_n make_v justification_n and_o not_o take_v sword_n in_o hand_n till_o necessity_n so_o enforce_v and_o he_o who_o find_v himself_o offer_v any_o unjust_a or_o unlawful_a lie_n may_v either_o traverse_v it_o or_o utterlie_o disdain_v it_o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cartell_n or_o letter_n of_o defiance_n cap._n 13._o in_o such_o place_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v permit_v by_o prince_n the_o custom_n be_v that_o the_o party_n agree_v to_o fight_v shall_v challenge_v one_o the_o other_o by_o some_o instrument_n in_o writing_n which_o they_o common_o call_v a_o cartel_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o discontinue_v he_o who_o challenge_v do_v send_v some_o letter_n to_o that_o effect_n which_o ought_v be_v frame_v in_o brief_a term_n and_o thereby_o to_o express_v in_o short_a and_o proper_a word_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o quarrel_n and_o injury_n be_v it_o in_o word_n or_o deeed_n also_o to_o set_v down_o express_o the_o particularity_n of_o the_o matter_n the_o person_n the_o time_n &_o place_n which_o for_o the_o true_a express_v of_o the_o cause_n be_v require_v to_o the_o end_n the_o adverse_a party_n may_v the_o better_o determine_v of_o his_o answer_n and_o for_o that_o combat_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o judgement_n it_o behove_v no_o less_o therein_o than_o in_o civil_a trial_n that_o particular_a prove_n &_o circumstance_n shall_v be_v express_v &_o that_o he_o who_o challenge_v shall_v summon_v his_o adversary_n and_o he_o that_o be_v defender_n produce_v the_o lie_n in_o this_o writing_n it_o also_o behoove_v to_o use_v all_o plainness_n of_o word_n &_o phrase_n leave_v aside_o eloquence_n and_o ambiguity_n of_o speech_n for_o it_o suffice_v a_o man_n be_v offer_v any_o injurious_a speech_n do_v say_v thou_o lie_v without_o add_v any_o word_n thereunto_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o defender_n ought_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o place_n and_o weapon_n for_o no_o reason_n be_v it_o that_o i_o shall_v both_o challenge_v another_o man_n and_o also_o appoint_v he_o to_o fight_v with_o what_o weapon_n please_v i_o one_o thing_n i_o think_v good_a more_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o seem_v unto_o i_o a_o thing_n very_o honest_a and_o worthy_a a_o gentleman_n that_o all_o speech_n and_o writing_n of_o or_o to_o a_o enemy_n shall_v be_v in_o good_a and_o honourable_a term_n for_o thereby_o the_o speaker_n or_o writer_n shall_v honour_v himself_o and_o declare_v he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o person_n of_o reputation_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v disgrace_v his_o own_o judgement_n in_o meddle_v with_o man_n unworthy_a and_o such_o as_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v regard_v the_o second_o book_n of_o injury_n and_o burden_n cap._n 1._o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v what_o injury_n be_v and_o how_o the_o same_o ought_v be_v repulse_v now_o be_v to_o be_v inform_v in_o what_o case_n prince_n and_o supreme_a governor_n may_v grant_v or_o deny_v the_o trial_n of_o combat_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o office_n of_o every_o prince_n move_v to_o grant_v combat_n be_v first_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o quarrel_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v assure_o know_v whither_o it_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o require_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o can_v otherwise_o be_v determine_v for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n certain_a that_o every_o question_n or_o quarrel_n that_o may_v be_v decide_v by_o civil_a authority_n and_o