into the Cittie riding vppon a white Courser by Saint Anthonies gate of the same cittie which hee sound vnprouided of all manner of victuals wherewith he caused them presently to bee furnished so as without the aboue-named defeate necessity would haue enforced them to haue yeelded By this peace which happened so opportunely the miseries of Cattalonia were ended which had troubled the whole State of Arragon for the space of tenne yeares He which shewed most prowesse and performed the notablest exploites in this warre was Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa hermosa a Prince worthie of great prayse and high commendation who dyed afterwards in the seruice of his brother King Fernand raigning in Castile D. Alphonso of Arragon his posteritie at a place called Linares leauing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon heire to his Dutchie of Villa hermosa who was Knight of the Order of Saint Iames and a Daughter called Donna Maria of Arragon who was maaried to the Prince of Salerne Hee had out of wedlocke Don Iohn of Arragon Earle of Luna Captaine of the Castle of Amposta Don Alphonso of Arragon who was Bishop of Tortosa and afterward Arch-bishoppe of Tarragone Don Fernand of Arragon Prior of Saint Iohns of Cattalonia together with Donna Leonora of Arragon wife to the Earle of Albayda This peace was no sooner concluded but the King had newes of a new rumult raised in Nauarre Nauarre whereinto the Princesse his daughter voluntarily had runne herselfe with great danger and many of her seruants lost their liues It happened after this manner Iohn d' Athondo the Kings Auditour of his accounts and Cittizen of Pampelona with Michaell Ollacarizqueta and others of the same cittie seruants to the King and the Princesse and of the Faction of Grammont did vndertake in hatred and disgrace of the contrarie partie of Beaumont who possessed the Cittie of Pampelona to bring the Princesse Donna Leonora into the same Practises of D. Leonora Couatesse of Foix. with troupes of souldiers and to make her peaceable and absolute Ladie thereof they hauing then communicated together about their plot it was thought fit that the Princesse should come in a morning before day to the Iewes gate otherwise called the Tower of the royall gate and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre should make himselfe Master of the two next towers The appoynted time beeing come the Princesse with her attendants found the gate opened by those of Grammont Rashnesse of D. Leonora through the which beeing brought in the Marshall possessed the two Towers with three-score and tenne Gentlemen and on a suddaine they beganne to crie God saue the Princesse God sane the Princesse at this rumour those of Beaumont albeit they were amazed at so vnlooked-for an accident happening in the night ranne to armes and behaued themselues in such sort as they not onely hindred their enemies from further entring into the cittie but enforced the Princesse and her people to get them thence in great hast for the most part of the souldiers which should haue followed her were not yet arriued Hauing recouered the gate they beseeged the Marshall Don Pedro and his souldiers which were in the two towers who at the first would not yeeld but in the end when they sawe the Cannon was readie to play vppon them they were content to parley The Princesse fearing least some euill might happen to the Marshall and those that were beseeged with him sent word to the Cittizens that what was done was by her speciall commaundement and therefore intreated them to do them no hurt At the last they yeelded vppon promise made that they should all depart with their Armes without any harme either in word or deed which notwithstanding they were all taken and shut vp in the Kings prisons of the cittie The Marshall with his followers slayne where soone after they were cruelly and perfidiously stabd to death with daggers and it is reported that the Marshall was slaine by the hands of Philip of Beaumont brother to the Earle of Lerin This act did very much displease the Princesse who commaunded that the same gate should euer after be called the gate of treason or the traytors gate and in some sort to reuenge that wrong they proceeded against the Earle of Lerin and against Don Iohn of Beaumont Prior of Saint Iohns and Chancellor of the Kingdome and against Don Philip and their breethren and Don Iohn Earle of Luza Charles of Artieda and his children Arnold d' Otza the Prouosts and Iurates of Pampelona with others their allyes and complices who by the iudgement and authoritie of the King and his Councell were condemned to death depriuation of honours defamation of their houses and confiscation of their goods as guiltie of high treason The Records of those times taxe the Earle of Lerin saying that hee to the end hee might the better enioy the cittie had driuen thence the Kings and Princesses seruants and had established therein Officers and souldiers such as were at his deuotion contrary to their authoritie whose iurisdiction hee did vsurpe vexing and tyrannizing the Kingdome That by the fauour and ayde of the Earle the Guipuscoans had ouerthrowne the forts of Larraun Lecunberry Leyça and Gorriti and that hee beeing sundrie times sent for by the Princesse to come to the Parliament and Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdome would neuer obey her commaundement That the Earle of Foix hauing sent his children Iohn and Peter of Foix both in his owne name and the Princesse to perswade him to returne to his due obedience hee did reiect their admonishments and derided Pope Pauls commandement in that behalfe the which things full of contumacie and contempt had induced the Princesse to make that attempt Others thinke that her owne extreame ambition and desire to beare rule did more mooue her than any of the Earles misdemeanours which were not lightly to bee esteemed On the other side the Earle of Lerin and his Faction did arraigne and condemne others of their aduerse partie and as for the Marshals death hee excused himselfe saying that he came to seeke him and had done his best to surprise the Cittie and to cut the throates of those of Beaumont who were in the same yet for all that this could not excuse his breach of promise The King afterward recompenced Iohn d' Athondo with a perpetuall rent to him and his heires of sixe-score golden Florens by the yere of the coyne of Arragon and besides that did permit him to beare in a quarter of his coate the royall of Armes of Nauarre To Michael Ollacarizqueta was likewise giuen other rewards This sedition happened in Pampelona about the end of the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty one Concerning the affaires of Castile Castile about the time that Toledo and other Citties of the Kingdome did reuolt the which wee lately mentioned Donna Maria of Portocarrero wife to Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and Master of Saint
Roderigo Manriques against the Marquis who intended to beseege them the which they obtayned moreouer the King and Queene sent vnto them the Bishop of Auila and the Lord of Coca and Alaexos who were both of them called Alphonso de Fonseca The Marquis fearing least other places might reuolt by the example of Alcarras solicited the Kings of Portugall to make hast and hauing taken Donna Ioane whome he termed Queene out of Escalona hee brought her by Trugillo vnto Plaisance whereas King Alfonso of Portugall arriued with an army of fiue thousand horse The army of Portugall entreth into Castill of all sorts and fifteene thousand foote Hee was attended on by the Archbishoppe of Lisbone the Bishoppe of Ebora and Coimbra and many other Prelats and Church-men who are alwaie desirous to bee where stirres and tumults are albeit the true followers of Christ Iesus haue peace in greatest recommendation more-ouer there were with him the Constable and Marshall of Portugall the Duke of Bragança and his brother the Earle of Faro the Earles of Villa-real Penela Marialua and Pegnamaçor with a great number of other Nobility desirous to serue their King to winne honour and to encrease their estates by the enlargement of so great a conquest as they hoped to make vpon the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon with the teritories annexed there-vnto the most part of whome hauing vpon this vncertaine ground sold or morgaged their lands and liuings The King of Portugall and Donna Ioane were betrothed each to other in the Citty of Playsance The king of Portugall and Donna Ioane betrothed each to other protesting to craue a dispensation from the Pope there were present Don Diego de Estuniga Duke of Areualo and his brother the Earle of Miranda and King Alfonso and Donna Ioane were at that act and ceremony called and intitled King and Queene of Castile and Leon. King Alfonso at his departure out of Portugal least his Sonne the Prince Don Iohn Regent and gouernor there Geneologie of Portugal who was newly made father to a Sonne by his wife Donna Leonor who was named Alfonso being borne at Lisbone in the yeare 1475. An. 1475. King Fernand and Queene Isabell did like-wise intitle themselues Kings of Portugall and of the Algarues and either-fide did beare the armes of both the Kingdomes indifferently The gouernors of the frontiers were commanded to inuade one another which they readily executed with great cruelty and to the great spoyle of the realme of Portugall the people of Castile putting all to fire and sword that were neere to their borders especially on the coast of Badajos where the Castle of Nodar was taken from the Portugalls and Martin de Sepulueda one of the foure and twenty of Siuill was made gouernor thereof who from thence made sharpe warre vpon the Portugois and yet in the end hee proued scarce faithfull to his Kings Don Alfonso of Montroy Treasorer of the order of Alcantara who seemed him-selfe Maister thereof did on the other-side winne Algretta In like manner Don Alfonso de Cardegna great commander of Leon who called him-selfe maister of Saint Iames did with sundry troupes of horse forrage and spoile the fronters of Portugall and brought great booties from thence Don Pero Aluares de Soto mayor shewed him-selfe on the King of Portugalls side and tooke Tuy calling him-selfe Vicount thereof and tooke also Bayon of Minio sundry other exploits of warre with burning of houses and robberies were committed on the frontiers by this enraged multitude Now the king of Portugall did perceaue that the warre was likely to last longer and bee more difficult than hee had expected and almost despairing of ending it with honour vnles hee had the aide and supply of some greater power hee sought by all meanes to incite the French King Lewis the leauenth to breake his alliance with the Kings of Castile Toro deliueâ—ed to the King of Portugall and to assaille them on that side of Guipuscoa the which hee obtayned as hereafter shal be mentioned In the meane time hauing receiued the Citty of Toro by the treason of Iohn Vlloa hee assayled the Castle and tooke it by force and by the like treason made him-selfe Maister of Zamora the which was deliuered vnto him by Iohn de Porras one of the chiefe cittizens thereof whose Sonne in law named Alfonso de Valencia beeing Mashall was Captayne of the Castle who had rather trust to the vncertaine promises of the King of Portugall Zamâ—ra in the power of the King Portugal than respecting his owne honour relie vpon the offers of King Fernand and Queene Isabell from Zamora King Alfonso came backe to Toro where his new betrothed wife and her mother Queene Ioane lay who was sister to this King who dyed about that time and was very honorably buried at Madrid in the monastery of S. Francis The Kings Fernand and Izabella greatly apprehending the wrongs and losses which they daily sustained they hasted on their subiects and souldiers to suppresse the Portugois or else to fight with them Great numbers of Lords Knights and men at armes came to Vailliodolit where the whole bodie of the armie from all places of Spayne was assembled Andalusia excepted in which Prouince the quarrell did still continue betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales and betwixt the Earle of Cabrera and Don Alphonso of Aguilar and there was some likeli-hood that the Marquis and Don Alphonso would take the Marquis of Villena's part their brother-in-law The men of note that were come to Vailliodolit were these Don Pedro Gâ—nçal of Mendoza Cardinall of Spayne and his breethren Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Duke of Infantasgo Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Lorenzo Suares Earle of Crugna Don Pedro de Velasco Constable of Castile Don Alphonso Henriques high Admirall Don Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua Don Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Don Henry Henriques Earle of Alua de Lista Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno Don Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda and his brother Don Gabriel Manrique Earle of Osorno Don Pedro Aluares of Osorio Marquis of Astorga D. Diego Lopes Sarmiento Earle of Salinas Don Pedro of Mendoza Earle of Montagu D. Alphonso d'Areillan Earle of Aguilar Don Pedro of Acugna Earle of Buendia with other Lords ecclesiasticall and temporall Don Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque remayned neuter knowing not how to resolue he would willingly haue adhered to the King of Portugall who was to bee husband to her who was reputed to be his daughter but he durst not yet for all that at the last he tooke the partie of king Fernand and Queene Izabella by meanes whereof diuers did take their parts who before that time were doubtfull what to do Garcy Lopes of Padilla Treasurer of Alcantara who was the last Master of that Order and Don Diego of Castile with diuers Knights and Commanders came to the Kings and Queenes
meanes to liue in peace and vnitie one with another attending the determination of such a Councell and that in the meane time all proceedings against the Protestants should cease yet they saw the Archbishop of Cologne pursued and condemned for that he sought to reforme his Clergie the conference made frustrat by the policie and importunitie of some Monkes the Pope to vse his absolute authoritie and all Germanie to be full of armes their aduersaries picking quarels with the priuâ—tie of the Emperour and Pope so as they were forced to defend themselues the which was falsly tearmed sedition Vpon which discontents there were many embassadours sent vnto the Emperour from the Protestant princes whereof the chiefe were Frederic duke of Saxonie Elector and Philip Landgraue of Hesse who drew after them many princes and barons of great place their friends allies or vassals with the chiefe Imperiall townes Demands of the Protestants all which demaunded peace and assurance that it should not be broken by any decree of the Councell of Trent and a present reformation of the Imperiall Chamber where there were some of their profest enemies To which demaunds the Emperour made dilatorie and ambiguous aunswers to win time to the end hee might draw his forces which came from all parts into one bodie so as they seeing no other remedie began also to arme Ausbourg Vlme and other townes of high Germanie being assisted by the duke of Wirtemberg came first to field and fell vpon the subiects of Ferdinand king of Romans taking Ereberg at the foot of the Alpes comming out of Italie with other places The duke of Saxonie the Landgraue and their confederats raised a mightie armie vpon the marches of Franconia and marcht towards the riuer of Danow passing quietly through the lands of the bishop of Virtzbourg and of other Clergie men The Emperour who prepared his campe with all speed about Landshuot vpon the riuer of Iser proclaimed them as troublers of the publicke peace Protestants preclaimed and guiltie of high treason Being fortified hee came and lodged vpon the riuer of Danow betwixt Ingolstade and Ratisbone hauing receiued tenne thousand foot and fiue hundred light horse from the Pope led by cardinall Farnese Captaines of the Popes armie Legat and Octauio his brother prince of Parma and Plaisance assisted by many worthie captaines whereof the chiefe were Alexander and Paul Vitelli Iohn Baptista and Frederic Sauelli Iulio Vrsino Sforce Paliuicin Alphonso of Este and Ralph Bailloni And they had brought him out of the garrisons of Italie six thousand Spaniards of the old Regiments vnder the commaund of Ferdinand of Toledo Captaines of the Emperors forces duke of Alua Marshall generall of the armie Iohn Baptista Castaldo Philip of Launoy Aluaro Sandis Alphonso Viues and other auncient and approued Captaines In this Imperiall armie the cardinall of Ausbourg had the charge of the victuals There was with the Emperour Maximilian sonne to the king of Romans Emanuel Philibert prince of Piedmont with many princes and noblemen Germanes The Protestants armie aduanced being much stronger than the Emperours they had two generals the Elector Frederic Two generals the ruine of an armie and the Landgraue with equall authoritie which it may be was the ruine of their armie They had with them Iohn Ernest brother to the duke of Saxonie and Iohn Frederic his eldest sonne Philip duke of Brunswic and foure of his sonnes Francis duke of Lunebourg Wolfgang prince of Anhalt Christopher of Heneberg George of Wirtemberg Albert of Mansfield earles William of Furstemberg Recrod and Reffeberg colonels with six companies of Suisses The two armies lay neere together for some dayes and the Protestants offered battell to the Imperials but the Emperour would none assuring himselfe that the enemie could not keepe those great forces long together and that in the end hee which gets the profit of the warre hath the honour besides hee expected Maximilian earle of Bure with foure thousand horse and ten thousand foot of the choice bands of the Netherlands The Landgraue Heads of the Protestants armie disagree who was a resolute souldier and therefore feared more by the Emperour than all the rest that were in the Protestants campe made offer to force the Emperour to fight if they would giue him credit but the Elector would not yeeld to it so as these two commaunders not concurring well together lost many occasions The earle of Bure came to the campe and many of the Emperours faction in Germanie spoyled the Protestants lands whilest they were in the armie yea some Protestants being woon by the Emperour with goodly promises of aduancement and persuading them that the warre was grounded vpon other causes than religion Maurice of Saxonie serues the Emperour Among them was Maurice of Saxonie who desirous to get the Electorship was entred into duke Frederics countrey with forces wherewith king Ferdinand had furnished him out of Bohemia and Hungarie and had by loue or force seised vpon all the townes and places of Turinga Misnia and other prouinces adioyning vnder a colour of charitie saying That it was to preserue the duke Electors countrey and lands the which would haue beene ruined if any other had beene imployed by the Emperour in that conquest yet the Bohemians and Hungarians vsed as great crueltie and violence as if they had made warre against the Turkes The Protestants armie being verie great and not able to draw the Emperour to battell being in some want of victuals but much more of money the which they were forced to beg from the townes and comminalties the confederat princes haning no support from the kings of France and England as they had expected hauing sent embassadours vnto them with full instructions touching that which the Emperour practised by this warre to the preiudice of Germanie and the neighbour Estates The heads being also jealous of their owne houses and lands which they saw inuaded whilest they laboured for the common cause they thought to draw the warre neerer to their owne commodities whereupon they dislodged and marched towards Norling the Emperour still coasting them The townes of Vlme Ausbourg and others holding the Protestants partie seeing the armie retire farre from them hauing done nothing of import they began to think of their estates and the rather for that the Imperiall armie increased daily there being a fresh supplie of six hundred men at armes come from Naples vnder the conduct of Iohn Baptista Spinelli and the confederats being retired they made shew as if they would besiege Vlme one of the richest townes of all Germanie Being troubled with these considerations Protestants league dissolued and terrified when as they vnderstood that the Landgraue had left the duke of Saxonie and was retired home to his house leauing the whole conduct of the warre to him and that the duke marcht towards his owne countrey without any longer delay they sent vnto the Emperour to make their peace Vlme was one of the
marriage betwixt D. Fernand King of Portugal and D. Leonora of Castile daughter to the King D. Henry although it tooke no effect no more then two others which D. Fernand had contracted two yeeres before with the house of Arragon when as this King of Portugal with those of Arragon Nauarre and Granado iealous of the greatnesse of the new King of Castile had made a league together For confirmation of this league the King of Arragon had sent D. Iohn of Villaragur and Bernard of Miragle Ambassadors to these Princes who being in the court of Portugal propounded a marriage betwixt the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon Duke of Girone and D. Maria sister to the King of Portugal the which was so pleasing vnto the King D. Fernand as for a final conclusion thereof he sent D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcellos his greatest fauorit into Arragon with a good number of gallies and many Iewels and rich presents The Earle treating with the King about this marriage of the Infants he entred also into speech to marry the King D. Fernand his maister with D. Leonora of Arragon his daughter wherevnto the King D. Pedro gaue eare and vpon this hope their league against D. Henry King of Castile was the more confirmed as these marriages were for some considerations delaied in the end they were by this peace betwixt Castile and Portugal quite broken and in like sort that which was concluded at Alcantin betwixt the King D. Fernand and D. Leonora of Castile was disapointed by the disordred passions wherevnto the King D. Fernand did abandon himselfe to enioy D. Leonora Telles of Meneses his owne subiect wife to D. Laurence Vasco of Acugna a knight of Portugal taking her from her husband and kept her to himselfe like vnto Ocatuius Caesar who tooke Liuia the wife of Tiberius Nero with whom he was in loue 3 By the peace made betwixt Castile and Portugal the King D. Henry recouered all the townes of Castile and Galicia Castile which had beene held by the Portugal faction The Estates were then assembled at Toro Estates at Toro where they were about to make many lawes in this new raigne Among others the Iewes and Moores inhabiting in the townes of Castile were enioyned to weare a marke vpon their garments to distinguish them from others Orders for Iewes apparel◠About that time D. Philip of Castro being of the bloud royal of Arragon was slaine by his owne subiects striuing to get the possession of the Siegneury of Paredes belonging to his wife D. Iean sister to the King D. Henry Murther of D. Philip of Castro daughter to D. Leonora of Guzman D. Philip left one only daughter for his heire Vpon the good agreement which was at the time betwixt the French Kingt and him of Arragon Arragon there was a marriage concluded betwixt D. Iohn duke of Girona and D. Iean of France daughter to King Philip of Valois whom he had in his latter daies by Queene Blanch his second wife daughter to Philip of Eureux King of Nauarre At that time there was a confederacy made in Cattelogno al the Nobility of that Prouince taking armes against the Earles of Vrgel and Ampurias and the Viconts of Cardoua and Castlebon who pretended to be the chiefe and Lords of the Nobility in Cattelogno and maintainned that all the rest of the Nobility were their subiects but the King taking the quarrell in hand said that the Nobility did not acknowledge any superior but himselfe and supprest their deseignes The Arragonois affaires in Sardinia VVarre in Sardynia being almost ruined were somewhat repaired by Bienvenu Graphie a captaine of some Sicilian gallies who passing vpon occasion along that shoare releeued Cailleri and Alguer and gaue meanes to the Earle of Quirra Gouernor for the King of Arragon to victual Ioyeusegarde Aquafredda Saint Michel and Quirra Then was Brancaleaon of Oria brought vnder the King of Arragons obedience and opposed to Marian Iudge of Arborea who notwithstanding was so fortunate as had he beene any thing assisted by the Geneuois hee had quite chased the Arragonois out of the Island but that state hauing made a peace with the King of Arragon they maintained it faithfully Dominike of Campofregoso being Duke of Genoua D. Pedro King of Arragon thinking his honour much interresssed if he did not punish this Iudge Marian who troubled him so much entertained a great number of English and other strangers both horse and foote to send into Sardynia for the payment of which troupes and other necessary charges of this warre he imposed great tributs vpon his subiects of Arragon Complaint of the Arragonois Valence and Cattelogne by a decree of the Estates wherewith the people found themselues greuously oppressed by reason whereof there were complaints and murmuring throughout the whole realme What a miserable thing say they was the guift of this cursed island to our Kings of this barren and now vnmanured soile bearing no fruite full of woods and marishes vnder a pestilent and vnholesome aire inhabited by sauage people treacherous and full of vanity which hath consumed and swallowed vp so many braue and valiant men of Arragon and wasted so much treasure let the King leaue it with a mischiefe to the Geneuois for a perpetuall subiect of quarrels and warre both among themselues and with their neighbours and so hee shall take a large reuenge for the Realme of Arragon both of them and of the Sardyniens Notwithstanding these discontentments of the people the King D. Pedro did what he could to keepe the Island As for the affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre the new King D. Henry found many difficulties Nauarre by the absence of the King of Nauarre Queene Ieanne his wife who gouerned the country refusing to conclude any thing touching the restitution of the townes of Logrogno Saluaterra Alaua Victoria and Santa Cruz of Campeço vsurped from the crowne of Castile for the King D. Charles knowing since the yeere 1370. that the English and French would fall againe to armes thinking it a fit occasion to recouer the lands and rights which hee pretended to bee of his ancient patrimony and held by the French King he past the mountaines and went to Cherbourg in Normandy not once approching neere the court of France hauing no confidence in his brother in law King Charles the fifth At his departure hee had left Queene Ieanne his wife Gouernesse of his Realme and for councell hee had giuen her D. Bernard Foucault Bishop of Pampelone and D. Iohn Crusat Deane of Tudele The townes of Saluaterra and Real were restored by the Queene Gouernesse to the King of Arragon and a league treated with this King hauing sent Doctor Iohn Cruzat with others to Tortose Their accords tended to the preiudice of Don Henry King of Castile with whom afterwards the Kings of Portugall and Granado ioyned as wee haue sayd all which things were ratefied and confirmed by the King
trouble yet hee durst not doe it but laied it vnder a bed whereas the Archbihop of Toledo tooke it saying that there were some clauses which did concerne his Archbishoprike of Toledo and so carried it away After some great contention betwixt the Noblemen and Deputies assembled in the end it was concluded that without any regard to the Kings will or any other writing whatsoeuer the gouernment should be mannaged by a set councel wherefore they named the duke of Benauent and the Earle of Transtamara Princes of the bloud royall of Castile Orders for the Gouernment of the realme of Castile the Marquis of Villena and the Archbishops of Toledo and Saint Iames the maisters of Calatraua and Saint Iames with some other Knights and it was said of the Deputies of sixteene cities of this Realme eight should assist at this councell by sixe monthes with this clause that not any Prelat Knight Maister Deputie or any other should haue any voice or authority but when they were resident in the court This resolution pleased them all except the Archbishop of Toledo who refused for to sweare to certaine good Articles concluded by the councell answering with the Bishop of Cuenca that hee did it for that hee would not infring the lawes of the realme which said that the King comming to the crowne in his minority the father hauing appointed him no Tutors in that case the Realme should choose one three fiue or seuen to gouerne Wherefore if they would heare what he had to say therein for the discharge of his conscience and that they would afterwards proceed otherwise hee should bee contented with that they should conclude His answere beeing allowed by the councell he was willed to present himselfe the next day in the castle where he should be heard The councell was of opinion that the Archbishop would not be so rash as publikely to contradict a generall accord which they had made else they prepared to giue him a bad reception The Archbishop beeing aduertised by one of the Deputies of the resolution of the councell hee ioyned with them the next day in a church and sware the Articles to auoide the scandale which had happened if hee had done otherwise This beeing thus repaired the Archbishop desired to bee discharged of the gard of Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon brother to the deceased King who had beene a long time prisoner in the castle of Almonacid wherevpon he made such instance and so great protestations as the councell not able otherwise to pacefie him decreed that the prisoner should bee deliuered into the hands of the maister of Saint Iames who should take charge of him and he caused him to be conducted to the castle of Monreal belonging to the order of Saint Iames. Some daies after the councell being assembled in the church of Madrid whereas it was often held Archbishop of Toledo turbulent certaine Gentlemen belonging to the duke of Benauent entred hauing shirts of maile whereat many were amazed especially Don Pedro Tenorio the Archbishop who therevpon tooke occasion to dislodge from court and in all places where hee past he published that they had made a councell contrary to the will of the King don Iohn writing to all the chiefe townes of Spaine and to the Noblemen that were absent who had beene named Tutors by the Kings will Hee did moreouer write to Pope Clement and to the consistory of Cardinals and the French King and him of Arragon intreating them not to allow of nor receiue the dispatches of this councell This did much trouble them of the councell who incited by this disorder to a greater would beginne to diuide the charges offices places and fortes of the Realme betwixt them The duke of Benauent was the first Diuision among the Lords of the councel who demaunded the office of high Treasorer or Super-intendant of that Treasor for Iohn Sanches of Seuile an infamous man by reason of his great vsurie beeing also indebted to the King in great summes of money wherevnto the Archbishop of Saint Iames opposed saying that it was not fit that hee who ought to bee araigned should bee aduanced to an office which had iurisdiction wherevpon there grew great troubles and scandales and the Noblemen of the councell beganne to fortefie themselues with armes causing their seruants and vassals to approch neere to Madrid so as the Inhabitants of the towne set gardes at their portes by reason whereof the Duke went out of the towne and retired to Benauent leauing his companions in great feare least hee should ioyne with the Archbishop of Toledo As this man was mooued with zeale for the affaires of state Sedition against the Iewes caused by D. Fernand Martinez so at the same time Don Fernand Martines of Eccia Archdeacon of Seuile was mooued for religions cause against the Iewes dwelling in Spaine inciting the people against them not onely in his sermons but also in market places and streetes so as the Iewes seeing they intended to spoile and murther them they had recourse vnto the Lords of the councell at Madrid who deputed Iudges to preuent this disorder at Seuile Cordua and other townes of Andalusia but the people were so incensed against this sect as notwithstanding all the diligence of the Iudges many were slaine and their goods spoiled An indidirect course to draw Infidels to the religion of Iesus Christ. The King Don Henry who grew in yeeres and Iudgement did much apprehend the troubles wherein the Noblemen of the councell did ingage the Realme and therefore hee did write vnto the Duke of Benauent and the Marquis of Villena who had not beene present at all these things that they should come or send presently to Madrid men with full authority complayning by his letters which hee did write to Don Frederic Duke of Benauent for that hee had gone from court without leaue The Duke sent Aluar Vasques of Losada a Knight of honour vnto him who gaue him a good accompt of his actions The Marquis of Villena excused himselfe vppon the dissention of the Councell who wrote in the beginning of the yeare 1391. to the Arch-bishop of Toledo An. 1391. complaying greatly of the innouations which by his occasion did threaten Spaine protesting for their parts to yeeld vnto all that should be ordayned by the Estates of the Realme and as for the last will and testament of King Iohn they would alwaies referre it to his oath if he had not declared before his death that he meant not it should be of force The Arch-bishop when he receiued these letters was at Alcala with the Duke of Beneuent the Marquis of Villena D. Martin Ianes of Barbuda Master of Alcantara and D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça with other discontented Knights by all their aduice hauing made a league together answer was made vnto the messengers that hauing resolued among themselues they would make a fit answer to whom the messengers that were sent from the King and the Councell
who haue alwaies done great seruice in these Moorish warres the which kept King Ioseph for aduenturing of a battaile The towne of Antiquera being prest with all violence it was taken there going first vnto the assault Antequera taken the companies of D. Garci Fernandes Manrique of D. Charles of Areillan Lord of Los Cameros and Roderigo of Narbaez The first which died in fighting was Iuancho a Biscain and the first which entred were Guttiere of Torres and Sancho Gonçales Cherino The castle did hold out eight daies longer and then was yeelded by the Moores to haue their liues saued and their goods who were safely conducted to Archidona There entred into it Don Frederic Earle of Transtamara and the Bishop of Palencia the garde of the towne and castle was giuen to Roderigo of Narbaez In the meane time the Moores did forrage the territorie of Alcala the royall and the Christians after the taking of Antiquera did ouerrunne the country of Aznalmara Cabecha and Yâ—har small townes which were taken by force through the wisdome and valour chiefely of the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos after which exploits the Infant Don Fernand returned a victor to Seuile where he had messengers from the King of Granado Truce with the King of Granado soliciting him to make a truce wherevnto hee yeelded being prest to attend the affaires of Arragon wherefore there was a truce concluded betwixt Castile and Granado for seuenteene monthes Wee haue before left Don Martin King of Arragon beeing without children â—â— succeed him Arragon importuned by many Princes pretending to bee his heires troubled with the seditions and rebellions of the Sardynians and Sicilians beeing old and broken and yet newly married to a young Princesse with hope to raise his house But beeing weake both in bodie and minde griefe and care made the way to pestilent feuer the which seized on him this yeere 1410. in the Monastery of Valdonzellas neere to Barcelona hauing raigned about 14. yeeres whose body was buried in the Monastery of Problette There was no will of his found or any heire instituted in his Realmes of Arragon Sicile c. The reason thereof was thought to bee for that hee knew not to which hee should incline amongst all the pretendants to that crowne after his decease Wherefore the Arragonois Valentlans Cattelans and Sicilians were in great perplexity for Don Fernand Duke of Pegnafiel Infant of Castile pretended a right Princes pretending to the realme of Arragon beeing sonne to Donna Leonora of Arragon sister to the two last Kings decreased Lewis Duke of Aniou hauing married Donna Violâ—nt daughter to King Iohn the first maintained the succession to belong to him the like pretension had Don Iames Earle of Vrgel hauing also married one of the daughters of the King Don Pedro Don Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile put forth himselfe and so did Don Alphonso Earle of Gandia all these pretendants had their partisans within the Realme and euery one tried all meanes with great contention and likely-hood of sedition to attaine vnto that which hee pretended so as in these tumults Don Anthony of Luna slue Don Garcia Archbishop of Saragossa treacherously Murther of the Archbishop of Saragâ—ssa To preuent which disorders in time the Noblemen of the Realme agreed that of the three Estates there should be nine men chosen by whose Iudgement the Scepter of Arragon should bee giuen to him of the pretendants whom they should thinke most profitable for the common-weale For Arragon there were named Don Dominike Bishop of Huesca Francis of Aranda and Don Berenger of Bardaxi a great Lawier For the principality of Cattelog D. Pedro Zagariga Archbishop of Tarragona William of Vallesca and Bernard of Gualues And for the Realme of Valencia were chosen Vincent Ferrier Nine arbitrators to choose the King of Arragon of the Order of the preaching friars who was afterwards connonized his brother Boniface Ferrier a Lawier a Monke of the Order of the Carthusians and Maister Peter Bertrand this last was substituted in the place of Gines of Rabeça who fell mad These nine men beeing assembled in the castle of Caspe which is in Arragon all those which pretended any right vnto the Realme were sommoned to exhibit their reasons before them whereof some appeered personally and others by their Ambassadours In the meane time in Castile the Infant D. Fernand for himselfe and the King his Nephew caused this businesse to be consulted of by the learned of the country who in the beginning were of opinion that both of them had an interest and that they must frame an opposition before the Delegats as well in the Kings name beeing a pupill as in his vncle and tutor Don Fernand yet hauing better considred or being otherwise perswaded they gaue all the right of the succession in the realme of Arragon to the Infant D. Fernand who for this cause deputed Ambassadors the Bishop of Palença and D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile D. Fernand with his right vseth armes and Lord of Bejar with Doctor Pero Sanches of the Kings councel to send them into Arragon and at the same time hee caused fifteene hundred launces to draw neere vnto the frontier of Arragon hee and the Queene-mother with the young King comming to Aillon a neere place to Arragon Whilest they are busie about these pursutes the Duke of Benauent a prisoner in the castle of Mont-real Castile brake prison and escaped hauing slaine the captaine which had him in gard whereof they beeing aduertised at court they prouided speedily for all the passages especially towards Portugal thinking that hee would bend that way but hee went towards Nauarre where hee was kindely entertained by the King D. Charles and by the Queene Dionna Leonora his sister who notwithstanding hauing receiued letters from the Queene-mother the Infant Don Fernand and the councell of Castile iutreating them to set a gard vpon the Dukes person vntill they had further newes they caused him to bee put into a strong castle yet intreating him with all honour and respect and then they sent an Ambassador into Castile to make their excuse for that they had receiued this fugitiue Prince and intreated him as their brother but they kept him in sure garde that he should not attempt any thing against the crowne of Castile This Ambassadour found the court at Aillon where he was well receiued and his excuses allowed There arriued also Ambassadors from the French King with very rich presents the which were required with others of no lesse value being sent by an expresse Ambassage some monthes after This yeere of our Lord 1411. An. 1411. Greene crosses the badge of the Knights of Alcantara Pope Benedict graunted that the Knights of Alcantara in steed of hoods which they did weare in signe of their profession should from thence forth carry greene crosses During the courts aboade at Arllon attending what
Magnanimity of king of Alphonso King Don Alphonso being a prisoner was prest to make it yeeld vnto the Geneuois wherunto although he were a captiue he would not yeeld By this defeate the seege was raysed at Gayete and the prisoners carryed to Sauona from whence they were afterwards by the Duke of Milans commandement distributed into diuers prisons King Don Alphoso to Pauia with Don Henry and others King Iohn the Earle of Castro and Ruy Diaz of Mendoça were led to Milan These lamentable newes did wonderfully trouble the Queens of Arragon and Nauar and all the people of these two Kingdomes especially Donna Leonora the widow-queen of Arragon who liued in her Monasterie of Saint Iohn de las Duegnas without the walles of Medina del campo very simply and modestly who conceiued so great a griefe as shee dyed soone after This did much afflict the King and Queene of Portugall and al the Noblemen of that Realme The imprisonment of these Princes and Noblemen was short for Don Philip Maria beeing courteous and visiting his prisoners often hee was so perswaded by king Alphonso that both he and his Estates should reape more profit in maintaining the partie of Arragon Bounty of the duke of Milan then that of France as vanquished with his reasons hee not onely let them all go free without ransome but gaue them many rich presents after that he had entertayned them royally many dayes suffering them to go and come with all libertie where they pleased Hee caused Don Iohn King of Nauarre and Don Henry his brother to bee conducted to Porto Venere with sixe hundred horse for their guard where they were receiued by Don Pedro their brother and moreouer he would that the Neapolitane Knights which were then at Milan and the ambassadors of townes should take an oath of fealtie to King Alphonso acknowledging him for their king making so great a change of all things as of an enemie he became a partisan and friend to the Arragonois by reason whereof the Geneuois being incensed rebelled against the Duke If the newes of the defeat and taking of these Princes caused great heauinesse in Arragon and Nauarre the ioy was so much the greater when as they vnderstood of their deliuerie the which was carried into Castile where as the king of Nauarre was much desired of many to whom the greatnesse of the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna was offensiue and hurtfull Don Fredericke Admirall of Castile who was one of them sent a messenger to Queene Blanche aduertising her that her husbands absence was very preiudiciall to himself and all his friends for that his aduersaries grew great according to their owne desires and therefore she should do well to hasten his returne as soone as might be The like aduertisements were giuen her by many other knights of Castile wherefore she sent three knights of her houshold into Italy to the king her husband which were Iohn Henriques of Lacarra Sancho Ramires of Aualos her caruer and the Seigneur of Vertiz to hasten his returne D. Iohn king of Castile at the request of his sister Queen Mary of Arragon continued the truce fiue moneths longer Castile vpon the newes of the defeat of the two kings brethren Being at Segobia there was a Germain knight called Robert presented himself vnto him who would make triall of armes with D. Iohn Pimentel Earle of Majorga by whom he was vanquished The like proofe being made by other twenty Germaine knights which came in the company of Robert had in a manner the like issue to the dishonour of strangers and great commendation of the Spanish nation D. Fernand of Gneuara a knight of great valour being at Vienna the chiefe towne of Austria he fought within a list on foot with a Germaine knight called Vourapach in the presence of Duke Albert sonne-in-law to the Emperor Sigismond who casting his staffe caused the combat to cease and put them out of the lists to the great honour of the Spanish knight Don Iohn of Pimentel Earle of Majorga desirous to trie his valour with strange Knights out of Castile as he practised to play with a battell-axe with a seruant of his called Lope de la Torre hee was strucke by him consideratly on the face so as he dyed soone after a due reward for this quarrelling exercise which was then in so great estimation to go seeking honor without cause or quarrell in the force and dexterity of the body more then in the gifts of the mind humanity and iustice Whilest that King Iohn was busie at Aleala of Henares to celebrate the funerals of his deceased aunt Queene Leonora there was hot warre made vpon the fronter of Granado where as D. Alphonso Ianes Fajardo receiued the townes of Velez the white and Velez the red which yeelded voluntarily to the king of Castile the Inhabitants Moores promising to pay him the same tribute which they payed to king Mahumet wherewith the King was satisfied but he would not heare the ambassadours of Baça and Guadix who came to beseech him to giue them another king a Moore then Mahumet for that he did intreat them ill but k. Iohn knowing that this was but a deuice to free themselues from the spoile which he intended against them he sent them away and commanded his captaines to forrage and spoile their countrie the which was executed by D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo The Moores of Galea and Castilegia yeelded to D. Roderigo Manriques vpon the same conditions like vnto them of Velez It fell out vnfortunatly for D. Henry of Guzman the seege which he pretended to lay to Gibraltar for being come by sea with some barkes before the towne whether his sonne Iohn of Guzman should come by land with the rest of his forces to beseege it he had no patience to attend but landed began to skirmish on the shoare neere vnto the walles with the Moores which sallyed out against him but the sea flowing it forced him to retire to his barke leauing many of his Knights on land in prey to the enemie who began to cry out and to complaine that he had left them there to the slaughter with such vehement words as mooued to pittie hee caused his barke to approch to land to receiue them but it was so ouer-laden as in sunke and there the Earle Don Henry D. Henry of Guzman drowned neere Gibraltar with about forty Knights were drowned whose losse was great The bodies beeing cast vppon the shoare were drawne to land by the Moores and the Earles was put into a coffer and set vppon an high tower to be a terriour to the Christians where it continued some yeares By this pittifull successe the sonne retired from Gibraltar and out of all Andalusia with teares and mourning the bones of this Earle are at this present in a most auncient Tower made of Bricke in the highest part of the castell of Gibraltar which the common people beleeue was built and erected by
if Don Ramir Nugnes had done any thing for the recouery of his honour it was not a fault that did deserue to haue him spoiled of his patrimony and goods left him by his predecessors therefore he besought the Queene to proceed in this businesse by order of law and if that Don Ramir should be found guilty Quarrell betweene D. Ramâ—r Nugnes de Guzman and D. Frederike Henriques then to punish him with these speeches they entertained La Font and gained time to the end that Don Ramir might haue leasure to fortifie himselfe Whilest La Font went to the Court the souldiars did much hurt in the country neere to Torall and prouoked the Inhabitants and souldiars which were within the towne to come forth and skirmish with them albeit that Don Pedro de Guzman with-held them from so doing as much as in him lay for hee would not giue that aduantage to Don Ramires aduersaries to say that those of Torall had fought against the Queenes forces who commaunded Alphonso de Quintanilla to vse all fit meanes that hee could to take the towne and castle of Torall Alphonso hauing demaunded to speake with Don Pedro de Guzman and Pero Nugnes his Nephew acquainted them with the Queenes resolution exhorting them not to delay the time till they brought the canon they answered that they would in no sort shew themselues rebellious to the Queenes commaundement but they onely entreated that Don Ramir might be proceeded against by the ordinary meanes of Iustice which beeing graunted they were ready not onely to yeeld vp Torall but the castle of Auiados in like manner and namely if need required to put Don Ramirs person into the hands of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in hostage or to Don Gomes Suares de Figueroa Earle of Feria the which was agreed vpon betwixt them and signed by a Notarie and a truce made betwixt the beseegers and beseeged whilest that Alphonso de Quintillana might goe and come from the Court That Queene was at the same time gone to Cordoua wherefore Alphonso being come to Valiodolit and hauing conferred with the Admirall sent the dispatch to Cordoua to the Queene who appointed for depositor of D. Ramirs lands and person the Earle of Feria who had married D. Constance D. Ramirs Aunt the Earle accepted it vpon condition that he should be aduertized fiue and twenty daies before the sentence should bee pronounced and that the Kings should promise him by writing not to demaund Don Ramirs person during the time of the processe for he would assure him whilest he was in his power On the other side Don Ramir sent to the King of Portugall to know whether that if it should happen that a sentence should be pronounced against him which might touch his life and honour hee would permit him to come into his Kingdome and Court in safety These things being graunted Don Ramir was brought to the castle of the towne of Feria for greater surety and there kept in prison vntill his processe was ready to be iudged and then the Kings according to their promise did aduertize the Earle of Feria thereof at the appointed time who sent Don Ramir well accompanied into Portugall where King Iohn the second of that name did then reigne who entertained him very curteously as shal be hereafter declared Queene Isabella as hath beene said made a voyage into Arragon The States of Arragon sweare to Prince Iohn and carried thither with her her husband Iohn Prince of the Asturia's and was receiued into the city of Calatajub with great and magnificent triumph whether the King came not long after who at the same time was at Barcelona with the Lords and Deputies of the States of Arragon by whom Prince Iohn was likewise sworne vnto and acknowledged for Prince of Girona heire vnto Castile and Arragon and true successor in these Kingdomes the Kings in like manner did sweare and promise to maintaine the rights priuiledges and exemptions of the country That being done they went to Saragossa where they made as triumphant an entry as at Calatajub Thither was newes brought of the death of the great Turke Mahumet of the succession of his sonne Bajazet in that Empire and of the discord betwixt him and his brother Zemin and also how that King Fernand of Naples had recouered the towne of Ottranto which Acomat Bascia had taken from him the yeere before For all which desired newes the Kings yeelded thankes vnto God by generall processions after the accustomed manner Estates at Barcelona and Valencia The Kings did in like manner assemble the Estates at Barcelona and Valencia where the like othes were made vnto Prince Iohn as next future heire but touching the subsidies they demaunded it was impossible to obtaine any and they were faine on the contrary to grant many things to the people and in diuerse sorts to supply their wants being but poore euer since the last warre that the Cattelans made against the King Don Iohn Don Iohn the second of that name and 13. King of Portugall ABout the same time died Alphonso King of Portugall at Sintra who since the last warres betwixt him and Castile Portugal had euer led a melancholy and discontented life he lay sicke fiue and twenty daies and deceased the three and fortith yeere of his reigne being of the age of nine and forty yeeres and seuen monthes his body was buried with great solemnitie and funerall pompe in the royall Monastery of the battaile of the Order of the Friers preachers the Catholike Kings remayning still at Barcelona did there celebrate his obsequies After him reigned his sonne D. Iohn father to D. Alphonso who did not succeed him because he died before his father as hereafter shal be mentioned King Fernand hauing ordered the affaires of Arragon Castile Cattalonia and Valencia returned with the Queene his wife into Castile where during her absence the Constable and the Admirall were appointed Viceroys who committed the Earles of Luna and Valence to prison in regard of certaine tumults and seditions which they had raised in the Kingdome of Leon. The Court remayning at that time at Medina del Campo happened as hath beene heretofore declared the reuenge of D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman against the Admirall There arose at the same time a new contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and the Pope wherein they shewed no want of courage The Episcopall Sea of Cuença was vacant by the decease of the Bishop Pope Sixtus gaue it to a Nephew of his borne in Genoa Cardinall of the title of Saint George without the knowledge or consent of the Kings who being highly displeased that the Bishoprikes and great benifices of Spaine should be possessed by strangers against the ancient decrees of the Estates of the Kingdome obserued from time to time did hinder this Cardinall from taking possession of the Bishoprike and gaue the Pope to vnderstand how preiudiciall it might be to the Realmes of Spaine whereof the Pope making
King who in matters of weight could very well dissemble and was continually at Court accompanying and seruing the King and Queene vntill vppon a time the Court beeing at Almerin where the Queene was brought a bed before her time and in great danger of her life the Duke of Bragança came to visit her with Don Dominicke Duke of Viseo one of his complices who was brother to the Queene the King entertained them with a pleasant countenance and vppon a certaine day hee tooke the Duke of Bragança aside into his chappell within the with-drawing Curtaines and did brotherly admonish him of his fault in these tearmes Cousin A gentle à dmonishment made by King Iohn to the Duke of Braganza I haue vnderstood a matter which I must acquaint you with in this holy place where I stand in the presence of God before whom I will not dissemble therefore beleeue it I speake nothing but truth I heare that you haue secret intelligence and practise with the Kings of Castile against my State and seruice greatly forgetting therein the honour faith and loyaltie which you owe vnto mee in regard whereof considering the reasons on both our sides I for my part hauing giuen none occasion to your selfe or any other and seeing no cause why you should hope for more honour and fauour of any other Prince then of me I can not but be very much troubled and I know not whether I may firmely beleeue it or no yet notwithstanding howsoeuer it is I thought good to admonish you that if vpon any false surmise you haue entred into this vnreasonable imagination to giue it ouer protesting to you that I meane to forget and graciously to pardon your offences requesting you seeing it hath pleased God to make me heire to his crowne to stand stedfastly to me and to acknowledge this fauors towards you and the place and rancke which you hold in this Kingdome wherein by your owne deserts and those of your ancestors you are the chiefe person next vnto my selfe the which should stirre you vp to maintaine and procure the safety and greatnesse thereof espetially considering that God hath as it were parted the faculties and riches of this royall patrimony betwixt vs two and that of two sisters borne of the noble race of the Infants Don Fernand and Don Beatrice Dukes of Viseo I haue married the one and you the other It may be that I am taxed with some fault common to Kings newly come to their crownes as to proceed ouer rigorously against some persons and to shew small liberality and meekenesse in certaine matters which could not be otherwise managed but if it were so that some bee offended with my new gouernment you before all men ought to tollerate it and to be a singular president of loyaltie and obedience vnto others If my Iudges and Commissioners sent into your iurisdiction haue exceeded the bounds of modesty in their charge you know very well that they haue had great cause so to doe and that they haue many reasons on their sides to iustifie their proceedings in respect of the present state but if they were in fault should not you greatly binde me vnto you for bearing with those things and for your owne part you may be assured that in regard of your place wisedome and deserts I can not refuse you any thing that you should craue of mee Now you are bound in regarde I am planted in the royall seate of Portugall to aide mee both with counsell and armes if need were and whensoeuer I shall craue it therefore I intreate and commaund you both in heart and will to dispose your selfe therevnto euer hereafter When the Duke heard these words he would haue excused himselfe and entreated the King not to beleeue those reports which he said were contrary to his meaning and that whilest hee had a heart a hand and meanes they should all bee imployed in his seruice And so the King left of hoping that the Duke would amend and that he should no more neede to speake vnto him concerning it But the Court being not longe after remooued from Almerin to Saint Iren Iasper and Peter de Iubartes brethren and seruants to the Duke of Bragança came to the King and certified him that the Duke their Maister did continue his practizes with Castile and that Iasper had beene twice sent as messenger to the Kings of Castile and that the Marquis of Montemajor and the Earle of Faro the Dukes bretheren were consenting to those practizes The King did largely recompence these two bretheren for their aduertisement and did resolue to punish the Duke of Bragançaes treachery and hauing a fit occasion by his comming to the court which lay then at Ebora whether hee accompanied the Prince Don Alphonso hee caused him to bee arrested of high treason and to bee committed to prison in May the yeere 1483. The Kings Aturney General pleaded against him he was found guilty of treason and was iudged and condemned by the Lords The Duke of Bragansa beheaded a◠Ebora to haue his head cut off and al his goods to be confiscate to the crowne the which sentence was executed and Fernand Duke of Bragança was brought to the publike place of execution in the city of Ebora where he was beheaded and made a pittifull spectacle to all men Six other gentlemen were likewise beheaded with him and diuers banished in which number was the Constable of Portugall The Dutchesse Isabella the Queenes sister as soone as she heard of her husbands imprisonment sent her three children Don Philip Don Iames and Don Denis into Castile who were kindely receiued and welcomed by Queene Isabella their Aunt the poore Lady their mother hauing no other comfort in her widdow-hood but a little daughter called Marguerite whose company she enioyed not long for within a while after she died D. Philip her eldest sonne died in Castile the second Don Iames returned into Portugall and Don Denis this third sonne did marry the Countesse of Lemos in Castile The Marquis of Montemajor and the Earle of Faro the Dukes brethren did likewise flie into Castile where they spent the remainder of their daies beeing honoured and maintained by King Fernand and Queene Isabella Now Don Dominico the Queenes brother was one of the conspiracy as hath beene already said and the King the next day after the Duke of Bragança his execution called him into his presence and knowing him to be young both in yeeres and discretion he did admonish him as a father to behaue himselfe discreetly The Kings fatherly adueruerticement to D. Dominico Duke of Viseo and told him diuers things which concerned his honour and wel-fare and did freely pardon him all offences past to which speech of the Kings Don Dominico could not answere one word but onely kissed the Kings hand in signe of thankes This young Prince had aspired to reigne and being young and inconsiderate he did oftentimes permit his hand to bee kissed and would receiue
Innocent the which Ambassage they performed so wisely as they made peace betwixt those great Potentates These Ambassadors did in open Consistorie performe the obedience and submissions due to the Pope King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell did in the meane time cause diligent search and punishment to bee made vpon conuerted Iewes and Moores which did returne to their old superstition In the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred eighty and sixe the Court remooued to Medina del Campo with intent to punish Don Rodrigo Osorio Earle of Lemos who did disquiet the countrey of Galicia and had surprised the Castle of Ponferrada driuing thence the garrison which Captaine George Abendagno held for the King and had broken in all sorts the truce which the King had made betwixt him and the Earle of Benauent In regarde whereof hee was commanded to repaire in person to the Court but hee durst not and adding crimes to crimes hee committed sundry excesses and robberies in Galicia The Queene being busied about the warres of Granado which she so much affected and not being able to goe in person into Galicia gaue commission to the Earle of Benauent his vtter enemy to represse this insolent Earle of Lemos The spring time drawing neere the city of Cordoua began already to be filled with souldiars sent for by the Kings out of all the Prouinces of Spaine for the Moorish wars wherefore the Kings parted from Medina and passing along by Toledo came to Cordoua There did hourely arriue many troupes not onely of Spaniards but of Frenchmen English and other forraine nations Amongst the Lords of Castile D. Inigo Lâ—â—es de Mendoza Duke of Infantazgo made the brauest and gallantest shew The army being mustered amounted to the number of twelue thousand horse and forty thousand able fighting footmen great number of Cannoniers and peeces of Ordinance of all sorts thirty thousand beasts of carriage two thousand waggons with their equipage and ment to driue them With these forces Loxa was beseeged Into this towne King Mahumet the Little had shut him selfe breaking his faith giuen to the Kings of Castile for to reconcile himselfe to his vncle for the Moores perceiuing though to late that their ordinary diuisions and strifes had plunged them into extreame ruine they did so handle the matter as they made these two Priences friends who diuided the soueraigne authoâ—ity betwixt them the citty of Granado remayning neuerthelesse to King Muley Boabdellin el Zagâ—l in such sort as communicating their counsels and forces together to annoy the Christians The King of Castiles army at the sâ—ege of Loxa Mahumet the Little did vndertake to defend Loxa from whence diuers sallies and hot skirmishes were made vpon the Kings vantgard so as King Mahumet receiuing two wounds there the Moores were shut in the place was beseeged and the battery furiously begunne The Duke of Infantazgo being one day vpon the guarde did take certaine Moores of Granado who would haue entred into Loxa by whom he had notice that King Muley Boabdellin came with a great power to the aide of the beseeged wherevpon the guardes were doubled in all places of the campe and preparation was made for whatsoeuer might happen The suburbes being opened with the Canon they were sharpely assailed and well defended neuerthelesse they were taken with great effusion of Christian bloud where the Lord Scales Generall of the English was hurt There was found in the suburbes a Moore that was a Weauer who was so obstinate as seeing the place to bee taken and that the other Moores with-drew themselues into the towne would not for all that leaue his owne house saying that hee had rather die by iron then die in irons seeing that Loxa which was wont to defend the Moores and offend the Christians was now the repaire of the enemies and the graue of her owne citizens and in this obstinacy hee was slaine The suburbes being wonne they beganne to batter the towne in such sort as in a short time the walles towers and defenses were ouerthrowne so as the Moores which defended them lay open and exposed to the Cannons mouth which did so terrifie and discourage them as they craued parley and composition vpon these conditions That King Mahumet the Little should be pardoned for his disobedience passed that hee should giue ouer the title of King of Granado and intitle himselfe thence forward Marquis of Guadix if so bee that hee could recouer the place within sixe monthes next ensuing and that it might be lawfull for him to goe into Affrica or to liue in the country of Granado or else in Castile as should seeme best vnto him and that the Moores which were within Loxa might doe the like Loxa yeelded These things agreed vpon Loxa was yeelded and the gouernment thereof committed to Don Aluaro de Luna Lord of Fuente Duegna processions and signes of ioy were made at Cordoua and else-where for the taking of this towne The Mesquites being purged the Queene prouided them of ornaments after the accustomed manner From thence the King sent the Maister of Saint Iames and the Marquis of Cales with foure thousand horse and twelue thousand foot to beginne the seege of Illora a very strong place and well defended distant three leagues from Granado whither the rest of the army being come the quarters and lodgings appointed and well fortified hauing set watches and sentinells in the fields vpon towers and high eminent places to discouer from a farre off for being so nere Granado they feared some sodaine and vnlooked for assault of the Moores the suburbes were beaten and assailed where the Duke of Infantazgo with his troupes had the honour of the first assault but he perceiuing his souldiars who at the muster made the gallantest shew in brauery of armor and apparell aboue all others to goe coldly to the fight cried out vnto them How now my fellowes shall men say of you that you are of the number of those braggarts which are of no other worth then to make a shew in the streetes and in a muster where men are out of danger and farre from blowes and that you are couragious in nothing but spending of your money in brauery like vnto women no no souldiars your honor consisteth in being valiant in fight and therefore if you be men preferre it before your liues and doe not endure that being beaten backe from this place with double shame other men should carry away the glory from you for mine owne part rather then I will blush at your basenesse and cowardize I am resolued not to suruiue such a shame but forgetting the place which I hold I will cast my selfe into the breach amid the greatest throng of the enemies and whosoeuer loue their honour let them follow me The souldiars being ashamed at this speech reiterated by the Earle of Cabra and others they tooke courage beseeching their captaine to command them what they should doe and they marched with such fury against the
thousand Indians assembled themselues beeing conducted by a brother of his for to deliuer him who were likewise defeated by Hoyeda hauing but a hundred Spaniards in his company and some amongst them were horsemen the which made the Spaniards to bee greatly feared and much more afterward when Bartholomew Colombus by night defeated fifteene thousand Indians tooke fifteene Cachiques and a Generall aboue all the rest named Guarionex all which hee set at libertie vppon their words and promises to continew subiects to the Kings of Castile Besides these conquests in the Indies Enterprises vpon the affrican Mooles the Spanish Nobilitie who seeing that there was no more warres in Spaine against the Infidells began to enterprize vppon the neighbour shoare of Affrick and this yeare the Citty of Melilla neere the sea in the kingdome of Tremessen was taken by Don Iohn de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia who led a sufficient army thither at his owne coasts and charges This was the first place which the crowne of Castile did possesse in that country beyond the sea which gaue beginning to the warres of Afrike which continued afterward and whereof wee will speake in his place This exploite of the Duke of Medina was acknowledged and rewarded by the King who lying at Valencia of Alcantara did treat the marriage of their daughter the Infanta Isabell the widdow with the new King D. Manuell of Portugall of whom we must discourse D. Manuel the fourthteenth King of Portugall THis Prince succeeded King Iohn his cosin and brother in law in the crowne of Portugal the yeere 1465. being seuen and twenty yeeres of age Portugal hee was sonne to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo and of the Infanta Donna Beatrice grand child to King Edward and great grand-child to King Iohn the first whose aduancement to the royall crowne had beene fore-told by certaine Soothsaiers and Astrologians he obtained it by right of lawfull succession and by the testamentary appointment of King Iohn his predecessor in whose life time he did in no sort take vpon him the title of Prince and heire of Portugall but onely of Duke of Beja and Master of Christus Hee was a iust King and loued honour religious and zealous in the faith which had beene taught him vsing the Nobility kindely Qualities of King Manuel the which hee increased and aduanced in his dominions as much as hee could he was gentle liberall and a great giuer of almes especially to religious friers as well of his owne Kingdome as to strangers dilligent and carefull in the administration of iustice an enterprizer lucky in voyages nauigations and discoueries of countries whereby he greatly augmented and amplified his Kingdome and Siegnories hee was beloued and esteemed as well of his owne subiects as of strangers Buildings of King Manuel magnificent and sumptuous in buildings which the royall monastery of Belen or Bethlem of the order of Saint Ierosme doth beare witnesse of edified for the buriall of the Kings the castle of Belen which stands almost in the riuer of Tayo for the guarde of the Port of Lisbone the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Pegna of the same order of Saint Ierosme neere to Sintra and that of Saint Clare the New in the towne of Estremos all which workes were by him built from the foundation and hee did moreouer restore and augment the couents of Saint Francis of Lisbone Ebora and Saint Iren. The bridge of Coimbra and that of Oliuença vpon Guadiana are likewise of his structure with diuers others publike buildings and reparations all which vertues and magnificencies were blemished by one vice wherevpon Princes and great Lords doe often stumble namely he was to light of beleefe Whereby hee shewed himselfe inconstant and variable retracting on euery small occasion his decrees orders guifts and priuiledges by contrary commandments This King Don Manuel was thrice married and all his wiues were Infantaes of Castile Genealogie of Portugal and the two first were sisters his first wife was Donna Isabella widdow to the Infant Don Alphonso his Nephew his sisters sonne on whom hee begat a sonne named D. Michel who was borne in Arragon in the city of Saragossa at such a time as shal be set downe hereafter who if hee had liued had beene heire to all Spaine Donna Isabella being dead his second wife was her sister called the Infanta Maria of Castile third daughter to King Fernand and Queene Isabella by whom hee had a great issue First of all D. Iohn heire of Portugall borne at Lisbone in the pallace of the Riuer the Infanta Donna Isabella borne in the same city who was Queene of Castile Leon Arragon and Nauarre and Empresse of Germany married to Charles the fifth Donna Beatrice who was Dutchesse of Sauoy wife to Charles the ninth and mother to Duke Emanuel Philibert of Sauoy D. Lewis borne in Abrantes father to D. Antonio who was at strife for the kingdome of Portugall with Philip king of Spaine in our time next D. Henry who in our time was a Cardinall borne likewise in Abrantes on the riuer of Tayo D. Alphonso who was borne in the city of Ebora and was likewise made Cardinall at seuen yeeres of age by Pope Leo the tenth Don Catherine who died young then D. Fernand Don Edward and Don Antonio His third and last wife was Donna Leonora daughter-to Philip of Austria Infanta of Castile and sister to the Emperour Charles the fifth by whom he had a sonne named Charles who died young he had moreouer by her a daughter borne after his death named Donna Maria who liued in great chastity in our daies So as this King had by his three married wiues thirteene children liuing namely nine sonnes and foure daughters Eaâ—ldomes erected in Portugall by King Manuell This Prince comming to the crowne hee erected diuerse Earledomes for the ornament of the Nobility of Portugall hee gaue that of Portalegre to Diego de Silua his gouernor who enioyed but the title onely for the Inhabitants of Portalegre did defend themselues by reason of their priuiledges hee made Don Vasco de Gama Admirall of Portugall Earle of Bediguera Don Martin de Castel-blanc Earle of Villanoua Don Iohn de Meneses Earle of Taroco and prior of Saint Iohns Don Rodrigo de Merlo Earle of Tentugall Don Pedro de Castro Earle of Montsancto Don Francisco de Sosa sonne to the Bishop of Ebora Earle of Bemioso and Don Antonio of Portugall Earle of Lignare honouring in that manner by liberality and royall bounty the Nobility of Portugal At the instant entreaties and requests of the widdow D. Iames restored to the Duchy of Visco and to his fathers goods Queene Leonora his sister and of the Dutchesse Donna Isabel widdow of Bragança hee restored to the honours and goods of the deceased Duke D. Iames vntil then in exile in Castile who was the Dukes second sonne for Don Philip the eldest died in Castile because the Princes of his bloud should not
had assured his comming to Rome were forced to put themselues in armes to warrant him and to conduct him to a place of safetie whereof there followed great hatred betwixt the Pope and the Colonnois And king Ferdinand was no lesse displeased at these violent proceedings of the Pope for he had a particular affection vnto duke Alphonso his kinsman borne of a daughter to king Ferdinand the first of Naples But to make an end of that which had beene concluded by the league that is to 〈◊〉 the French out of Italie and out of the world if they could D. Raymond of Gardona Viceroy of Naples who since the battell of Rauenna had beene in his gouernement returned this yeare with his armie about Bolonia to continue the warre But the Pope and the Venetians finding themselues seised of a good part of that which they pretended refused to furnish money for the entertainment of his armie as had beene agreed by the treatie of the league so as there grew a great mutinie in the campe among the souldiers for want of pay and the Viceroy was forced to retire with great danger of his person to Modena where he found meanes to recouer some money with the which he returned and kept his souldiers together who began to disband At that time there being a day appoynted at Mantoua to consult of the affaires of the warre the Viceroy of Naples came thither with deputies from the Pope Emperor Venetians and Suisses There it was concluded That they should put Maximilian Sforce sonne to Lewis Sforce in possession of the duchie of Milan And moreouer it was propounded to assaile the Florentines who were friends and allied to the Crowne of France as wel for this cause as to restore the familie of Medicis expelled out of that commonweale to their goods and honours the which the Pope did presse much in fauour of cardinall Iohn of Medicis his legate and others of that familie This was the Viceroyes first taske after his returne to the armie to lead it into the estate of Florence from whom he tooke the town of Prato where there were slain aboue two thousand men of the Florentines part Estate of Florence vexed by the Viceroy of Naples and many taken Whereat the citie of Florence being amazed and their Councell vnprouided of forces and meanes to resist they yeelded to the restitution of the Medicis and to whatsoeuer the Viceroy would impose vpon them For besides the summes of money which they payed for the entertainment of the Spanish armie and another summe vnto the Emperour they made a league with king Ferdinand promising to entertaine two hundred men at armes in the armie of the league and yet the people were depriued of a good part of their libertie by the cardinall of Medicis who created magistrats and officers at his pleasure These exploits being done in the Florentines countrey the Viceroy led his armie to Bresse which the Venetians did besiege so as the lord of Aubigny was out of hope to be able to keepe it this Spanish armie hauing so great a fame for that it had humbled so powerfull a commonweale as that of Florence and therefore he did capitulate with the Viceroy of Naples although the Venetians had layed the siege and yeelded it vpon condition to depart himselfe and his men free with their armes and baggage their colours flying and without artillerie After the taking of Bresse the bishop of Gurcensis embassadour for the Emperour came to Rome whereas he of Spaine laboured much to reconcile the Emperour and the Venetians there remaining no difference but onely for the citie of Vincence This embassadour did also seeke to reconcile the Pope with the Colonnois League made against the Venetians with whom he was much displeased for the duke of Ferraraes cause Yet there was a new league made betwixt the Pope and the Emperour against the Venetians approued by the Councell of Latra◠leauing a place for king Ferdinand to enter The reason of this league was for that the Venetians would not yeeld to certaine conditions which the Pope propounded vnto them King Ferdinands doubt herein was that the Venetians would joyne with the French king if they were too much prest wherfore his embassadour fauoured them what he could The comming of Maximilian Sforce to Verona caused the bishop of Gurcensis to part from Rome to establish him in the Emperours name in the duchie of Milan whither he conducted him hauing found him at Cremona with the Viceroy D. Raymond of Cardona The duke much desired by the Milanois was receiued there with great joy The cardinal of Sion presented him the keies in the Suisses name who would haue the honour of his restoring Notwithstanding the league newly made against the Venetians the Pope had a great desire to ruine the duke of Ferrara to preuent the which the embassadour of Spaine by commaundement from his king did all good offices and vsed all the meanes he could And this was one of the chiefe causes why king Ferdinand would not please the Pope and enter into the league Notwithstanding the duke shewing himselfe vngratefull no man knowes vpon what reason procured a scandalous and horrible attempt against him Iugratitude of the duke of Ferrara pretended by the Spaniards as the Spaniards write persuading D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria sonne to king Frederic and conspiring with him to depriue him of his life There was a certaine monke who was messenger from the duke of Ferrara to him of Calabria who had also for negotiator on his part Philip Copula sonne to the earle of Sarno whose head king Ferdinand of Naples had caused to be striken off This Copula had made some voyages into France and treated with king Lewis to giue a retreat and meanes in his realme to the duke of Calabria being then in the Catholike kings Court at Logrogne and should haue saued himselfe in the French armie Conspiracie againg king Ferdinand which was about Pampelone hauing resolued first to set fire on certaine powder that was hidden in the kings lodging But God would not suffer so wicked a practise to take effect The matter being discouered Copula was quartered and D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria was sent prisoner to the castle of Xatiua neere vnto Valencia where hee remained aboue ten yeares vntill that the Emperour Charles pardoned him and set him at libertie Hereupon king Ferdinand conceiued so great a hatred against the duke of Ferrara as hee commaunded the Viceroy of Naples to ayd the Pope with his armie or any other thing hee had without any respect to the pretended pay The Venetians seeing the Pope and Emperour leagued together to annoy them and that the Emperour would not giue eare to the Catholike kings embassadour who did still persuade him to make a peace with their commonwealth and to take a summe of money in the place of Vincence they joyned with the French king who had not wholly forgotten
Spaine begging therein the authoritie of the great master of Rhodes who was discontented that the Pope should take vpon him to conferre that priorie to D. Anthonie of Estuniga causing the grant of the order to be brought expresly from Rhodes to that end D. Anthonie complaining in vaine to the Pope both of the king and great master who for his last refuge retired into Flanders to king Charles beseeching him to confirme and maintaine that which his father Philip had done the which hee obtained when as he was aduertised of the death of king Ferdinand for king Charles did write in his fauour vnto the Pope And so D. Diego of Toledo and D. Anthonie of Estuniga began to fall to suit for this priorie at Rome where D. Anthonie did win his cause and got letters of execution from the Pope with the which and the Popes fauourable letters he came vnto king Charles who sent him into Spaine to cardinall Ximenes whom he commaunded to take into his hands all the places of the priorie admonishing the duke of Alba and his son to retire their men and to referre the controuersie to him to compromise and if the duke of Alba should refuse he should then cause the kings letters and sentence to be executed forcing them to obey that should oppose themselues notwithstanding any oppositions The duke of Bejar with his brother D. Anthonie of Estuniga presented these letters and commaundement from the king to the cardinall the which the duke of Alba vnderstanding being out of hope to procure any delay from the cardinall for hee was well acquainted with the nature of the man and knew well that he desired to see this processe in the which there had past many threats and injurious words ended hee resolued to oppose himselfe and to crosse his proceedings by force He had of his part the duke of Escalona and many other noblemen the which did trouble his aduerse partie At that time the cardinall was troubled with a tertian ague the which did animate the duke of Alba and his partie and gaue them hope to prolong the processe and to keepe the possession vntill that the king said they were better informed But being somewhat recouered of his sicknesse he called both parties and enioyned them to lay aside armes vntill he were better informed of the right The cardinall would haue the places sequestred according to the kings letters wherein seeing great difficultie by the practises and force vsed on the duke of Albaes part in the end he propounded to execute the kings letters brought by D. Anthonie of Estuniga wherein there was a diuision among the counsellors some holding that the duke of Albaes cause was more just and for that said they there was some obscuritie in the letters not being certaine whether the duke of Alba referring the matter to the kings arbitrement might still hold the possession as depositarie vntill the cause were ended or else vntil the king shold name another depositarie into whose hands the places the priorie should be deliuered they thought it therefore necessarie to haue another warrant of which aduice were doctor Adrian the seignior of Chaux The cardinall banding himself against all these difficulties he brought all the councel to that point as they concluded the kings letters should be executed The duke of Alba forgetting nothing that might helpe his cause imploied in his fauor queene Germaine the French king and the king of England by whose meanes king Charles was not so resolute to restore D. Anthonie of Estuniga to his Priory whereof the Cardinall being aduertised hee wrote letters of complaint vnto the king to the Lord of Cheuâ—es and to the whole councell of Flanders shewing them how necessarie constancie and perseuerance were in such like ordinances and decree then hee thought it good to call the duke of Alba vnto him Speech of Cardinall Ximenes to the duke of Alba. to whome in the presence of the councell and the earle of Osorâ—o hee said friendly that he should temper the heat which hee saw in him in the pursute of his rights and that there would be meanes if he himself did not hindeâ—it to reconcile all things without tumult or armes wherefore he did aduise him to put the priory into the kings hands to dispose according vnto right and justice assuring him that if hee did it willingly hee would mitigate much of the rigour of the commandement which hee had receiued from the king and that hee would deliuer the Priorie into the hands of D. Pedro Bazan who hee knew was much affected to his house and hee should keepe it vntill the kings comming promising moreouer that he would then cause the deliuerie of it to D. Anthonie to bee staied for three moneths that in the meane time hee might worke his best meanes These conditions were contemned by the Duke of Alba who departed saying that the Cardinall might doe better if hee list and not derogate any thing from the kings authority and going from Madrid with this discontent bee went to his kinsmen and friends to conferre with them of the enterprize which hee had in his braine all dissuading him from opposing himselfe against the Cardinall witnes the calamity of them of Villefratre and of the earle of Vregna for the which they gaue him such reasons as at that time hee yeelded to their counsels But falling afterwards into furie the Cardinal was forced to come to the last remedy calling together his Legionary companies both horse and foot as well to gard and fortifie the councell and justice Defeat of the duke of Albas men by the Cardinals companies as to suppresse the mutines and keepe them from ioyning together which forces did incounter and put to rout about a thousand foote and some horse of the duke of Albas and stript them in the diocesse of Toledo After which rout the duke comming to himselfe hee imployed the fauour of Queene Germaine and doctor Adrian and came to Madrid where hee was so tractable as hee yeelded the Priorie at the Cardinals discretion for hee shewed him with what vprightnesse he proceeded in this businesse Duke of Alba submits himself to Cardinall Ximenes and let him read the originall letters hee had receiued of the kings commandement to the end hee might know it was no cause that hee did affect and seeke adding that hee should consider with himselfe wherein hee might assist him preseruing his honour and the king his masters seruice assuring him that hee would not faile him to whome the duke made answere that hee would not intreat any other thing of him but after that his sonne should be depriued of the priory the king would remember that their house had alwaies been affectionat to the crowne and haue regard vnto it and for that hee had vnderstood that he would leaue the priory in deposito in the hands of D. Ferdinand Andrada who had married D. Francis of Estuniga kinswoman to his aduerse party he desired
confiscate by the Emperour and giuen to captayne Ambulodâ— The Castle of Beoyuia was of verie great importance for the French that would make warre in Spaine for it is the onely passage by the which they may bring artillerie into Guipuscoa notwithstanding beeing very ill aduised they resolued for the sparing of men and money to ruine it which captaine Beaufils hauing begunne by the commaundement of the Earle of Lude in few dayes hee sapt and vndermined the walles at the foote the which hee vnderpropt with piles which were made hollow and filled with poulder with an intent to giue fire to it and to ouerthrow all the which he hauing done very secretly as he thought it was notwithstanding discouered by one of his owne gunners called great Iohn of Liborne who for some question hee had had with a souldier was retired to the Spaniards and had reuealed this businesse to D. Lewis de la Cuena brother to the generall D. Bertrand wherefore a great number of men of those vallies being all souldiers did presently assemble and were sodainly led by the said commaunder against this castle euen as the French hauing drawne forth their Artillerie and all that was within it Beoyuia a caâ—ilâ— of great importance abandoned by the French did abandon it and hauing already kindled certayne matches to conduct the fire to the poulder and pillars which supported the walles which the Spaniards preuented with great diligence quenching these matches and so preserued the Castle whose walles they did repaire rampire vp and fortifie againe and as a matter of great moment could keepe it well Ochus of Asua was made captayne of that Castle with an hundred souldiers The French finding their owne errour sought afterwards to recouer it there beeing an enterprise made by some gentlemen of the Countrey of Labbord amongst which were the Lords of Ortubia and Semper who hauing leuied about a thousand men of that Countrey and ioyned vnto them a regiment of Germans old souldiers which were in that frontire in the Kings pay they led them to the passage of the riuer of Bidaso which diuides Fraunce and Spaine where they were staied by the resistaunce which they of the Castle made with their artillerie and the Commons of the Countrie whereupon seeking an other foard and other wayes by the mountaines thinking to surprize the garrison they found such resistance of all the Spanish forces which had beene drawne thither as they were defeated and in a maner all slaine Rout of Saint Martiall This was called the rout of Saint Martial for that it was giuen on Saint Martialls day the last of Iune this yeare 1522. In the which the emperour Charles returned into Spaine and landed at Saint Ander the fiue and twentieth of Iuly Returne of the emperour into Spaine from whence hee passed to Vailledolit where hee heard the embassadors of many princes and also the deputies of the realme of Valencia who came to craue pardon for that they had ioyned in vnion with the rebells of Spaine and were the last which submitted whereof they excused themselues vpon the hard vsage of their viceroy D. Iaques of Mendosa whom hauing fauourably heard he comprehended them in the generall pardon which he caused to be published himselfe being present and sitting in his royall throne in view of all the world he depriued Mendosa of the gouernement of Valence by meanes whereof all the strong places and castles of the realme were yeelded vnto him In that of Xatiua there had beene till that time detained D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria sonne to D. Frederic the dispossessed king of Naples who died afterwards in France him he deliuered and kept him neere him with honour and fit entertainment commending him that hauing bin solicited by the rebells to be their head he had refused it and in time he caused him to marry Queene Germaine who had beene wife to king Ferdinand his grandfather and was then married againe to the Marquesse of Brandeburgh who died soone after to which Queene Germaine he gaue at that time the gouernement of Valencia Seeing the troubls ended vpon the firm land of Spain Rebellion in 〈◊〉 he had news that the city of Maiorca the whole Iland were reuolted at the instigation of a poore Artisan called Calon wherupon he speedily dispatcht the viceroy with some gallies who thinking to reclaime them by mildnes was beaten back by them with their artillery forced to go out of the hauen with his gallies being incensed the more for that he had refused to shew them the letters of pardon which he said he brought them from the emperour before they had laid downe armes and deliuered him the towne And in this fury they began to fall vpon them which aduised them to acknowledge their prince and to yeelde vnto his mercie The Viceroy being fortified with more shipping went to an other part of the Iland where hee landed his menâ— there many of the Ilanders came vnto him and offered him seruice hauing mustered his armie he found that he had aboue tenne thousand fighting men with the which seeking to inuest and besiege the citie the rebelles sallied couragiously forth and came twice to haâ—dy stroakes and were twice repulsed within their walles the which caused great trouble within the towne for many fainting would haue the gates opened and make triall of the Emperours clemencie but the greatest and strongest part being obstinately desperate reiected this wholesome councell with outrages hanging and cruelly murthering those that were of this aduice if they could get them setting their heads vpon the publique places and towers of the towne a grieuous and fearefull spectacle And then they discharged their rage vpon the wiues children goods and houses of them that were absent with all barbarous cruelty Wherefore they were besieged and baâ—tered both by sea and land so as seeing themselues forced not able long to hold out and without hope of any succours or meanes to escape after that they had indured some assaults and shewed that they had courage they yeelded vpon condition that the people should be pardoned yet there were twelue reserued at the Viceroyes discretion the which were deliuered vnto him among them was Calon the Author of the rebellion Maiâ—rquins vanquished and punished found in a priuie where hee was hidden who being led so defiled to his punishment vpon an Asse and his companions following him on foot they were all pincht with hot yrons and quartered and their heads set vpon the towers and gates of the citie which payed a certaine summe of money in consideration of a fine and for the charges of the warre These troubles being thus supprest the Emperour spent some dayes in sports and would himselfe runne at the tilt to the great contentment of the Spanish nobilitie with whom hee got the reputation to bee a good man at armes During the Emperours abode at Vailledolit Combat betwixt two Arragonois he granted the combat to
sat him down at one of the corners of the field accoÌ„pained with 12 knights sending the like number to the other opposit corner commanding them that they shold not remoue froÌ„ thence before the end of the combat To either of the other two corners he sent 3 noblemen of quality instructed in like maner Then hauing commanded silence one of the marshals of the field cried out with a loud voice in the emperours name going to euery one of the 4 corners that it was forbidden vpon pain of death for any one to make a noise whilest the champions did fight nor to make any signe by deed voice or word neither in spitting coffing blowing of the nose neezing or whistling nor by beating of hands or feet lifting vp of the hands nor by shaking of the head or any motion of the bodie to giue them aduertisement courage feare or amazement nor otherwise to instruct them in what they haue to do except their godfathers in their charge duty And then the two kinghts entred the field in compleat armor holding in their hands their battel axes their swords by their sides Peter Toreilla the first for that he was challenger accompained with his godfather presented himself before the constable who demanded of him what he was for what cause he was entred so armed hauing receiued his answer he caused him to put off his head peece to know him then he caused him to put it on againe sent him to one of the corners of the camp where he was receiued by the three noblemen that were plast there Then he past to the other corner opposit being set in the midest of the 12 knights that were left there by him he made the like demands ceremonies to Ierom Anca who was also presented vnto him by his godfather from theÌ„ce sent to the other corner right against his aduersary wher he was in like maner receiued by 3 noblemen After al this the constable went to his first seat then the truÌ„pets did sound again which hauing done the knights which shold fight their godfathers fel vpoÌ„ their knees praied which done either of the godfathers hauing imbraced his chaÌ„pion exhorted him to fight valianâ—ly he bad him farewel then they rerired into their PauillioÌ„s After which one cried out that they shold let the good champions go Then they came affronted one another couragiously fighting a long time with their battel axes somtimes one reeling somtimes another vntil they had broken them in peeces Being thus vnarmed they had no leasure to draw their swords they were so neere one vnto another so as they fell to handy gripes one seeking to ouerthrow another But the emperor who would not lose theÌ„ cast his rod in sign that they shold part them saying that they had done enough and that he held them both for good knights wherupon all they that were set at the foure corners being 30 in al ran but they had great difficulty to part them they wer so incensed one against another crying contendiâ—g for honor and victorie whereas either of them thought he had the aduantage In the end the respect of the emperour made them retire yet wold they not be friends but threatned one another bitterly contemning the constables persuasions who told them that they shold rest satisfied reuerence the emperours testimony who had pronounced with his own mouth that either of theÌ„ had behaued him self valiantly had done his duty so as their honors were vntoucht The emperor was coÌ„strained throgh their obstinacy to send them both to prison froÌ„ whence they parted not vntil they were reoÌ„ciled at the least in shew for they were neuer perfect friends If of two bad things we must chuse the one as some think it necessary the maner of coÌ„bats practised in the time of our predecessors wold seem more tollerable then that which is vsed at this day for in that they made a certain kind of trial of doubtful things The princes leue or of his lieutenants was required who first of al took knowledge whether the cause did merit that two men of quality and honor shold hazard their liues who might serue the publike in better affaies or their Soueraigne or their owne families If after mature deliberation they held it fit to grant the combate they came vnto it with great ceremonies as we haue shewed witnessing that in those times they made no little esteem of the life of men They did carefully procurea certain equality preuenting surprises by any aduaÌ„tage in armes strength and dexterity of horse or otherwise They made them sweare that there was no â—lander in them but that they came to fight for a iust quarel to defend their honors The point wherin it did confist in those daies was to reuerence God their princes the lords of the â—ee Point of honour of the ancients to be loyal true to al men curteous 〈◊〉 modest amoÌ„g friends valiant couragious against their enemies in war If it were known that in this point of honor any one were falsly blamed or wronged by deed with aduantage of time place or company with vnequall and extraordinary armes or that hee had otherwise iust cause to complaine they caused speedy reparation to be done of the wrong as the cause required either by the lawe or militarie customes which did neuer allow the combate when there was any other remedy Much lesâ—e did they suffer a gentlemaÌ„ of honor to come to the vncertain triall of armes with one that was conuicted of rashnes or manifest slander He that was vanquished in the combat was held guilty of that wherof he was accused or a slanderer alyar if he did liue he was punished ignominiously by degradation sometimes by death The combat was most coÌ„monly continued or staied according to the pleasure of the prince or of iudges that were appointed who most commonly did part the champions before they came to the extremity declaring them both vpon the place to be good hardie knights which did also shew a wise affection to preserue the nobility to better vses If any were found so froward disobedient as notable to get leaue to fight in the countrie of their natural prince should go vnto some other soueraign neere or far off to grant them a place of combat hauing fought they were not to return into their country for they were held for mutins yea felons guilty of high treason there was great difficulty to obtain letters of abolitioÌ„ for such offeÌ„ces Moderne combats and the Maximes of the point of honour at this day But in our daies al this is out of vse their proceedings in combats is very different For if it happen that any man offend another without cause or reason the point of honor is that he must maintaine his deed not giue any excuse nor confesse that he hath erred for that were
Charles made himselfe odious to them that were the motiues giuing them great meanes to confirme the king in the opinion wherewith they had seasoned him that he sought all meanes to trouble the state to make himselfe pleasing vnto the Netherlanders that he might haue a refuge there and by that means begin to make a breach in the Crowne of Spain adding with all to season their imputations that he was a fauourer of Heretikes so as hee was sharply and disdainfully reprehended and namely by the Inquisitors Inquisitors sharp persecutors of Prince Charles the which did wonderfully incense him so as beeing vanquished with impacience and griefe he presumed one day to enter boldly into the priuy Councell chamber with admiration of all them that were there but especially of the king who did preside for he feared to see or heare some impertinencie from his Sonne in that place where he neuer had accesse nor was not then called Hee demaunded of him with a feuere countenance what hee had to say and what had moued him to come thither It is said he my Lord to beseech you to giue me leaue to aske you one thing and that it will please you to satisfie me before the lords that are here present The king who feared to heare some importune curiositie sought to dismisse him instantly telling him that hee had other places to heare him and that hee should retire for that time But the prince insisted saying that it was onely to know if he tooke him for his Sonne and lawfull successour what demands of a Sonne are yours said the king Vertuous 〈◊〉 of a Son to a father yea you are my sonne and depart in the name of God Seeing then replyed the Prince that I am your sonne and that by nature I shall one day succeed you in the gouernment of your realmes I beseech you take it not in ill part if in this honourable assemblie I let you vnderstand that I haue not yet found that you haue thought of my future condition for you bred me vp as a stranger giuing me neither cause nor means to bee instructed in matters of gouernment or justice importing the good of your subiects hauing not yet libertie being of this age to come where it is treated nor to conuerse with such men as you imploy who rather seeke to estrange me which giues me iust cause to complaine vnto you and to beseech you my Lord to consider thereon and to excuse mee and then hee departed Hee was then full two and twentie yeares old This action ministred matter of discourse to them of the Councell whereas there was not good concluded for Prince Charles for that the opinions of his enemies which were the greatest number swaied it and the king continued in his conceit that his Sonne was a franticke young man without iudgement and that hee had an intent to inuade some Countrie to put all into Combustion for which cause hee desired to be imployed The Prince not content to haue made this had triall of his fathers inclination towards him Speech of the Prince to the Duke of Alba. hee continued his course hearing that the duke of Alba had beene appointed to goe to bee gouernour of the Low-Countries for hauing sent for him hee told him that hee desired nothing more than to goe from Court intreating him instantly to assist him in so honourable and reasonable a desire and to get leaue from the king that hee might goe with him whome hee did reuerence as a great Commander in the warre and one of the greatest statesmen in the world in whose Schole he should thinke himselfe happie to take instruction The Duke vsing many complements seemed also to desire it saying that he could not receiue a greater honour than to commaund vnder him in that troublesome charge where hee might assure himselfe of his humble seruice and assistance yet hee gaue him some admonitions knowing well how the king stood affected towards him wherewith hee was discontented This being auoided for the Duke of Alba what shew soeuer hee made had no will to be troubled with such a Scholer hee adrest himselfe a while after to increase his miseries to D. Iohn of Austria his vncle who it may bee had more ambition in his head than he to whose designes which were great D. Iohn de Austria contrarie to Prince Charles those of the Prince D. Charles must needs bee preiudiciall yet hee discouered himselfe freely vnto him being Generall at Sea saying that hee would steale away and passe with the Gallies into Italie persuading D. Iohn to assist him but hee deceiued him for hee presently aduertised the king which made him to cause him to bee watcht and his actions to bee obserued But behold the Queene was ingaged in these miseries The prince in all his afflictions had often recourse vnto his mother in law who being mild and courteous did willingly heare his complaints did pittie him comfort him and sought by all meanes to reuiue his hopes persuading him to vanquish his passions and to yeeld vnto the rigour and choler of the king his father and to let time moderate them with patience the which past not from the Queene without some free inuectiues after the French maner against them that were enemies to her and to the Prince threatning one day to be reuenged on them that were authors of of her câ—osses and namely against D. Ruy Gomes and a Confessor of the kings who possest him aboue all others and were the chiefe practisers of these Tragedies The which was reported vnto them for they had spies euen in the Queenes Cabinet by whom they were aduertised and the king by them of all the speeches which past betwixt the prince and her They fearing that by the force of coninguall loue Practises of the court of Spaine shee should put some consideration into the kings heart by the which hee might bee moued to examine this businesse with iudgement and that discouering their bad offices hee should take reuenge they resolued to presse the princes ruine and to draw the Queene into the same hatred that the king had conceiued against the prince his Sonne These men wrought so by their practised and coloured reports as they drew that heart alreadie vlcered into a deadlieiealousie of his wife slandering her with loossnesse adding that crime to the impression which they had giuen him that she fauoured the princes designs tending to open rebellion against God the king Moreouer to omit no imposture which might serue to transport this king beyond the bounds of humanitie and reason they let him vnderstand that by the reports of Phisitions and women attendants vnto his Confessor who made relation and to whose words he gaue great credit there appeared on the bodie of this Princesse certaine markes and spots which shewed an impuritie and corruption of the bloud which might infect the kings person if hee did accompany with her and so disperse it selfe into
and bad impressions lightly receiued and especially how they stray dangerously from the dutie which they owe to God and nature when they enterlace religion with their human policies to countenance their actions Whilst the duke of Alua seeks to afflict the towns of the low countries by strange intollerable impositions exacting the tenth penie of all marchandise that was sold and the twentieth penie of euery mans estate He began to quarrell with the Queene of England Quarrell betwixt the duke of Alba and the English pretending that shee had staied a great summe of money which was sent by sea out of Spaine into the Lowe Countries the which said the Duke did belong vnto the King of Spaine his master whom she should intreat with all brotherly loue Whereunto the Queene answered that shee was duely informed the said money did belong to certaine Merchants of Genoua and hauing then occasion to vse it shee would staie it for a time and pay them reasonable interest Despes Embassadour in England for the Catholike King made great instance for this money Englishmen and their goods arrested in the Lowe Countries and Spaine but he could get no other answer Whereupon the Duke of Alba did presently arrest all the English merchants with their shippes and goods that were at Antwerp or within his gouernment Whereupon all commerce was broken betwixt the king of Spaines subiects and the English who left the trade to Antwerp and carried their goods to Hamborough The Queene of England published a declaration of her proceeding in this businesse complaining that the Duke of Alba had dealt vniustly with her and her subiects but all this could not procure any restitution for the English Merchants who had letters of reprisall granted them against king Philips subiects to recouer the losses which they had sustained by these arrests both in Spaine and the Lowe Countries The English Merchants became men of warre and so many went to sea some with a desire of gaine and others with hope to recouer what they had lost as not a shippe could passe betwixt Spaine and the Lowe Countries to the ruine of many poore men wherof great complaints came to the Court of Spaine The Duke of Alba seeing what a breach he had made betwixt those two States to the preiudice of his masters subiects seeking to repaire the errour which he had committed Queen of England refuseth to heare the duke of Albas Embassador he sent Christopher d'Assonuille a Counseller of Estate to the Queene of England to reconcile this quarrell but shee refused to heare him vnlesse he came from the king his master and had letters of credit signed with his owne hand but comming from the Duke of Alba her Maiestie sent him to treat with her Councell which hee hauing no warrant to doe returned without audience Yet shee let him vnderstand that although shee found her selfe much wronged shee would not take Armes vnlesse the Duke of Alba began The like shee wrot to the king of Spaine complaining of the Duke of Alba's presumption Soone after the Duke sent Chiapin Vitelli Marquis of Cetone with some others to demand the money and to free all arrests of either side but they effected not any thing whereupon the Duke sold all the English mens goods that were vnder arrest These were the seeds of warre betwixt the two Princes which continued vnto their deaths to the ruine of many of their subiects especially Spaniards and Portugals The Princes of Germanie hearing what cruelties and spoiles the duke of Alba and his Spaniards committed in the Lowe Countries they prest the Emperour Maximilian to deale in those matters betwixt the king and his subiects there yea to take knowledge thereof as Emperour saying that without doubt the Prouinces which are beyond the riuer of Escaut towards the East were of the Imperiall Iurisdiction as those that are on this side were of the soueraigntie of France But the Emperour did not thinke it fit to vse his Imperiall authority but prayers and intercessions Whereupon he sent the Archduke Charles his brother into Spaine Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spaine vpon colour to aske the king of Spaines aduice for the mariage of his two daughters and withall hee had giuen him ample instructions to treat with him touching the affaires of his Netherlands and to intreat him by all faire meanes to grant a generall pardon to his people there and to call home the duke of Alba and his Spaniards assuring him that in so doing he should be obeyed but if he did persist in that cruell persecution they would be releeued both with men and money from Germanie the which he could not preuent The Archduke came to Genoua where he imbarkt in the duke of Sauoys gallies and was receiued by the king of Spaine with great honour Treatise of mariage his embassage was very pleasing touching that which concerned the mariages of his two neeces for he found the king disposed to marrie the elder the which had bin appointed for the vnfortunate Prince D. Charles his sonne And as for the second which the Emperour desired to match with the king of Portugall who was yet very yong hee had a promise from king Philip to imploy himselfe to haue the French king marrie her although he had alreadie demanded the other and they were entred into treatie by the means of the Cardinalles of Guise and Espinosa But as for the affaires of the Netherlands the Archduke could not obtaine anie thing in fauor of them that were banished nor of the poore prouinces afflicted For making relation vnto him of the speeches held by the Princes Electors to the Emperor and that they pretended he had a right of protection ouer those people and that hee should make himselfe iudge of their quarrels as depending of the Empire it did much incense the king who answered that the Germanes were much deceiued in their conceptions in that regard and that he had sufficient right and power to shew that he was a soueraign Prince and did not acknowledge any other superior on earth He knew well that the duke of Alba had vsed some excesse but he was woont to say that he had rather loose all those Prouinces with others than to haue rebellious subiects especially in matters which concerned religion Thus the Archduke was dismist hauing receiued a present of 100000 crownes to helpe him to furnish his frontier places against the Turke with many iewels of price And he had commission when hee came into Germanie to doe the ceremonies of their contracting in his name with his future Spouse Returning by Italie he did visit his sisters and neeces the duchesses of Ferrara Florence and Montoua and then he came vnto the Emperour to giue him an account of his negotiation with king Philip whom hee had left ingaged in a warre against the Moores of Granado almost as difficult as that of the Netherlands Wee haue formerly made mention of the discontents of
they had a joyfull entrie made them The head of Aben Aboo was put in a cage of yron and set ouer the citie gate which lookes towards the Alpuxarres The bodie being quartered was hung vpon the high-wayes Troubles of the Moors specified After which there was not any Moore found to make head all layed aside armes and submitted themselues to the kings mercie according to the generall pardon which was graunted to Francis Barrero But they were all drawne out of the mountaines and the townes of Granado and thereabouts and sent into plaine countries and more accessible to inhabit as the Emperour Traian did with the auncient Spaniards who were accustomed to rebell often vpon the assurance of their townes and castles built vpon the edge of the mountaines the which he caused to be rased and commanded by an Edict that they should not build any more but in the plaines Thus ended the warre of the Moores of Granado in Nouember 1570 hauing continued neere two yeares verie daungerous and difficult being rashly caused by the ill vsage of them that they call old Christians in Spaine by the importune pursuits of the Clergie and Inquisition and by the bad administration of justice and insolencie of the ministers there of and no lesse inconsiderately entertained by the impatiencie of the Moores and augmented by their obstinacie and ignorance which suggested wicked and monstrous conceptions The charge and losse was great for there was aboue fiue millions of crownes of the kings treasure spent in this warre The interest of priuat men and the spoyle and vnpeopling of the countrey was inestimable in the which aboue thirtie thousand Christians lost their liues As for the Moores that were slaine of all ages and sexes the number cannot be saied for a great realme might haue beene peopled therewith If they had been intreated with more mildnesse and humanitie without doubt they might easily haue kept them in obedience and by little and little might haue made them leaue that which was vnpleasing or scandalous in their manner of liuing and as for religion they should bee instructed with more care and charitie causing that injurious contempt which is ordinarie in Spaine and other places of them that are newly come to the knowledge of Iesus Christ to cease being vnpleasing vnto God King Philip being somewhat freed from cares by the end of this warre with the Moores of Granado hee would haue his mariage consummated with Anne of Austira Mariage of king Philip with his neece his neece daughter to his sister and to the Emperour Maximilian for the which he obtained a dispensation from the Pope according to the vse of that holy Church She past through the Low Countries and was receiued by the duke of Alba at Nymeghen with great honour who conducted her to Brussels and so to Flessingue where shee imbarked in October and within eight dayes arriued happily in Biscaie being accompanied by the Archdukes Albert and Wenceslaus her brethren being verie young Shee was receiued there by the cardinall of Seuille whom the king had sent thither to doe that office The king entertained her at Segouia with that state that was befitting the greatnesse then passing on to Madrid whereas the widow Queene of Portugall met them they were maried with great solemnitie The king of Spaine as wee haue said was solicited to enter-into league with the Pope and the Venetians against whom Selym the great Turke picking a quarell had declared warre And for that the danger of this warre required aid the Pope sent a Nuntio into Spaine which was Lewis Torres clerke of the chamber with speciall order from him to draw the king into this league but aboue all to craue the assistance of his gallies for that present yeare that being ioyned with them of Venice they might goe and make head against that mightie fleet which the Turke had sent to sea The king knowing how much it did import himselfe and the whole state of Christendome King of 〈◊〉 sends his 〈◊〉 to assist the â—â—netions being moued with many speciall considerations hee graunted his gallies which were then readie in Italie Wherefore he sent a speciall commission to Iohn Andrew Doria That according to the Popes pleasure he should go as head of those gallies to Messina but he gaue him no direction that hee should goe from thence to Corfu to ioyne with the Venetian armie and with the Popes gallies which were commaunded by Mars Anthonie Colonna and that hee should leaue the commaund of all vnto Colonna being lent by the king vnto his Holinesse the which being not well specified was a great prejudice to the armie that yeare But the businesse of the league being treated of in the kings Councell with great deliberation was not so easily concluded notwithstanding that Torres and Leonardo Donata a Senator of great worth sent from the State of Venice into Spaine did solicite it verie earnestly but the importance of the businesse the ordinarie disagreement which is found in all Councels consisting of men of diuers complexions and the naturall slownesse of that nation made those embassadours to spend many monethes in vaine and did somewhat coole the ardent desire the king had to satisfie the Pope and that Commonweale as he did afterwards shew â—y the effects But to come to the cause of this warre The Turke had sent a Chaous to the Venetians that they should without delay deliuer vnto him the island of Cypres which did belong vnto him as hauing succeeded to the rights of the Emperours of Constantinople the kings of Ierusalem and of the auncient kings of Syria and Aegypt the which said hee they had gotten away Warre 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 against the â—â—netians The which hauing refused he denounced war against them wherein they had great difficulties being surprised for that it was before the succours â—ame which they had begged from the king of Spaine the Pope and other princes who performed not their promises but verie late after the losse of Nicosia and all they had in that island euerie one selling the succours which hee had promised in balancing the interest they had to oppose against the Turke and seeking to contribute with some aduantage for his owne particular But the next yeare there was a league made as you shall heare by the which D. Iohn of Austria the kings brother was chosen to be Generall of the confederates armie against the Turke The enterprise which the Turke made vpon Cypres and the battell at sea which happened vpon this occasion is memorable and merits a particular relation in this historie of Spaine for that the power and meanes of king Philip did much auaile and D. Iohn of Austira his brother had the honour to be Generall of the armie at sea and woon a famous victorie The island of Cypres was in truth a remainder of the Empire of Constantinople Cypres an island and a realme and of the realme of Ierusalem erected by the French
gaue money Such as did not obey his commaundements and were slow in comming to the towne hee vsed with all rigour causing their houses to bee opened and their goods to bee sold for the charges of the warre If any rich man within the towne fearing to be taxed or forced to pay mony did seeke to escape he was stayed at the Port stript and put in prison so as the great fauor which Don Antonio had found at his first coming grew now cold His most constant friends were the begging Friars many of which leauing their hoods tooke armes and garded the ports or followed him and made a company in his armie which he sought to rayse of this multitude hauing no other but they shewed themselues mutinous and rebellious when they came to lye in field a practise which Shoo-makers Taylors Mercers Vintners and the other skumme of the people had not beene inured vnto by whome the estate and reputation of Don Antonio were supported who could not bee ignorant of this absurditie but that glorious name of King couered all defects and made all dangers light Hee had sent Diego de Meneses to Cascais with some troupes to gard the passage yet hee did not thinke the enemie would haue past there but rather would haue gone aboue the towne towards Saint Iren where the riuer growes narrow for towards the sea it is very broade but notwithstanding any thing that Meneses could do the Duke of Alba past vnder Cascais at a place called Marines Vechos neither did he euer seeke to hinder his landing nor offer him skirmish so hauing forced Meneses to retire the Duke was master of the field Don Antonio who expected some good seruice from Diego de Meneses had made him Generall of his forces by land and his brother George de Meneses of his armie at sea where he had good Gallions and some other Vessels but growing iealous of George he had taken his charge from him and put him in prison It may bee hee would haue done as much to Diego if hee presented himselfe before him after the Dukes passage but hee put himselfe into the Castle of Cascais which cost him his life Don Antonio King of Portugall must of necessitie issue foorth of Lisbone against the Duke and fight with him for his honour but hee found himselfe very vnfit for it for neyther by faire meanes nor rigour could he gather together at that time aboue a thousand foote and some fiue hundred horse ill appoynted and neuer trayned vp in the warres neither could hee possibly stay them aboue that day for night beeing come most of them returned to the towne to supper for that there was not any breade in his campe The Duke of Alba meaning to attempt Cascais found it abandoned by the inhabitants the castle which was somewhat strong refused to yeeld whereupon it was battered and forced The captaine who commanded there called Antonio Pereira was hanged and his souldiers stript Diego de Meneses was found in this place whose head the Duke caused to be cut off although there were some that did sue for his life The cittie of Lisbon beeing amazed at the taking of Cascais expecting to heare the like of the Castle of S. Iulian which is as it were their key they protested to D. Antonio that they wold make their peace if he did not put himselfe in defence who offred himselfe to go if they wold follow him Then euery man was forced to take armes and go to field euen the Negro slaues of the which there is a great multitude in that Citty so as of one and other hee found himselfe to haue an armie of 8000. men ill armed ill apparelled and ill led for there was scarce one that could execute the office of a Sergeant or place a Sentinell with which troupe he went and camped at Alcantara within fiue miles of S. Iulian which the Duke did beseege and batter which place was yeelded vnto him by Tristanvaz by the perswasion of a woman who had obtayned a safe-conduct from the Duke to draw foorth a daughter of hers with her husband which were within it Cabeça Secca which was a fort built vppon the sand in the midst of the riuer right against S. Iulian was also abandoned to the Duke Army of Don Anâ—onio put to râ—nt So as there was not any thing that could hinder him from camping to the citty gates but Belem and Don Antonio's armie which lay in ther ill-made trenches at Alcantara and kept that bridge the which was forced in it's lodging and put to route by the Duke and chased euen into the towne with some slaughter Don Antonio escaped by flight being hurt but he stayd not there for passing through the town and as it were bidding them farewell whom he could not defend he tooke the way to S. Iren hauing caused his wound to be drest at Sacaben where he might haue bene taken if they had poursued him but he had the good hap to find meanes to retire to Coimbra which of all the townes in the Realme had most resisted King Philip and most disputed their pretended rights It is the onely Vniuersitie of Portugall for all faculties which had giuen aduice and counsell contrarie to the Doctors of Castile The Duke of Alba tooke Belem and soone after the Magistrates of Lisbone came to offer him the keys of the Cittie demaunding their liues and goods the which was promised them for King Philips meaning was to haue it preserued yet they could not preuent it but the goodly suburbe which was vpon the way Lisbone yeelds to K. Philip. was spoyled and all the houses and gardens which were about the cittie whither the Inhabitants had retired themselues by reason of the plague and had carried most of their best moueables thither King Philips gallies which were entred into the riuer tooke them of Portugall and the eleuenth of September that yeare 1580. the Duke of Alba tooke possession in the king his masters name of the citty of Lisbone and made him to be sworne and acknowledged the people crying Real Real for King Philip. Whilst that the Duke of Alba did these exploites in Portugall King Philip was at Badajos whereas he fell so dangerously sick as the Phisitions despayred of his life and it was bruted in Portugall that he was dead so as many Noblemen did put on mourning weedes and among others the King Don Antonio He recouered but his Queene Donna Anna who fell sicke at the same time of a continuall feuer Death of Q. Anne of Castile dyed The newes of the taking of Libone beeing knowne at Court and what had followed many Courtiers sought to disgrace the Duke of Alba's actions accusing him of great negligence to haue suffered Don Antonio to escape they sayd that he was more fitte to destroy then to edifie not knowing how to do his master seruice not to get him the possession of any thing but defiled spoyled and made vnprofitable and with such
Mariage of the Duke of Sauoy and the Infanta D. Catherina in Spaine where his Maiesty attended him without the citty 〈◊〉 receiued him with wonderfull signes of ioy doing him exceeding great honour The same day that he arriued he put the ring vpon his spouses finger the King hâ—r father hâ—lding her hand there assisting at the ceremonie the Cardinall of Seuille to whom some few daies before a hat had beene sent with the Cardinall Granuellâ— who made them sure Monsieur Tauerna the Popes Nuntio the Arch-bishop of Sarragossa Vincentio Gâ—adâ—nigo Ambassador of Venice with other principall Noblemen The next day according to the custome of the Realme the married couple came to the Arch-bishops church who performed the ceremonie couered with a white raile Masse beeing sayd and returning to the pallace they dyned in publike at one table his Maiesty the Duke his wife and the Infanta Donna Izabella beeing all set of one side for many daies after there were great triumphs tiltings tourneys and other knightly sports made by the Nobility of Spaine who shewed themselues very gallant in all their sports especially the Duke of Medina del Rio-secco Admirall of Castile the Duke of Albuquerque the Duke of Medina Celi the Duke of Maqueda the Marquis of Denia the Duke of Pastrana the Marquis of Aguilar and the Prince of Ascoli besides the great Commander of Castile who was fauorite and Lord Steward to the Prince D. Philip. To these there ioyned a great number of Knights of no lesse Nobility but not of so great dignitie as well Spaniards as strangers who were come thither to honour this feast of the Catholike King their Lord. The Duke of Sauoy had also brought with him a great troupe of gallant Nobility of the which on the foure and twentith day of May he made Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen Iohn Baptista of Sauoia and the Marquis of Chambery and besides these the Marquis of Nemours his cousin and Ascanio Roba who were absent and withall Caâ—lo Pallauicino newly made Master of the Dutchesse horse Count Sanuitali and Michel Bonelli But eight dayes after the King did honour three Princes with the Order of the golden Fleece the Duke his sonne-in-law the Admiral of Castile and the Duke of Medina Celi There were many rich presents mutually giuen by the King and Duke and by the Noblemen both Spaniards and Italians Then in the beginning of Iune the married couple beeing accompanied by the King Prince and the Infanta Donna Izabella went to Barcellona where they tooke shippe in Doriâ—s Admirall gally and beeing accompanied with forty other gallies hee brought them safely to Genoua and entertayned them with great state in his owne house from whence they past to Nizza then going with an honorable trayne towards Turin they were receyued with great signes of ioy and the feasts were renewed But the King of Spaine beeing returned to Sarragossa whither he had already sent the Court he caused the Prince to be sworne with the ordinarie solemnities and then he past into Castile About the same time there came to Court Pomponio Torello Earle of Mont Chiarulo with an Ambassage from his Princes the Duke and Prince of Parma the first requiring of his Maiestie the restitution of the castle of Placentia Ambassage sent into Spain from the Duke of Parma so necessarie for the preseruation not of his Estate but also of his life the mutinous people of Placentia being animated by the Spanish garrison to practise against the Duke as some conspiratours had lately done who beeing not supprest and punished although they were discouered gaue him continuall cause of feare The Prince did sollicite concerning the enterprise of Antwerp and also about his fathers affaires yet he refused to receiue it as a fauour done to him for that hee would not confirme an opinion that he was as distrustfull as his father of the Crowne of Spaine to whom and not to him hee would haue the castle yeelded This busines was referred to Cardinall Granuella the great Commaunder of Castile and to Iohn d' Idiagues at that time Secretarie of State with commission not to treate with any other of the Councell it seeming the king should yeeld that which hee ought Grâ—â—uella shewed himselfe very willing not onely for the equitie of the cause but also for a priuate bond he had vnto the Prince from whome he did aknowledge that his brother Monsieur de Champaigny held his life and for his Maiesties seruice whose affaires in Flanders depended chiefly vppon the Prince In the end the King resolued to make this restitution vnto the Duke and so he dispatched Count Pomponio with a commission to the Duke of Terranoua Gouernour of the State of Milan Castle of Placentia yeelded to cause the sayd castle to be restored the Castellan an beeing absent the which was accordingly performed and free possession deliuered to Prince Raynucio in his Grandfathers name This yeare there grew a popular tumult in Naples partly through the couetousnesse of the King of Spaines Ministers in that Realme during the time that the Duke of Ossuna was Viceroy the King hauing giuen order to the Viceroy to supply their wants in Spaine with such corne as they might well spare within the Realme hauing had a plentifull haruest Mutinie â—t Naples but they not onely transported the ouerplus but that which was needefull for their owne vse by a greedie desire of gaine so as when the Spring came they found that they had not corne sufficient which seeking to helpe by bringing in from fortaine parts they were forced to raise the price of corne and to make their bread lesse wherewith the people beeing vexed for it seemed strange to them to see scarcitie whereas they expected abondance who endured more by this want then the rest Whilst that on the ninth of May their elect Iohn Vincentio Starace was with the Deputies in the church of Santa Maria del nouo to consult touching the prouision of corne they began to mutine saying that it had beene accustomed to be done in Saint Augustines church and to adde deedes vnto their words they tooke Starace beeing weake and sicke and carried him with iniuries and ill vsage Beeing come thither he retired himselfe into a chappell which had a grate before it and there sovght to pacifie the furie of this multitude with good words the which notwithstanding increased as the number did growing almost madde There Staraee growing fearefull caused himselfe to be let downe into a tombe which these mad men vnderstanding he was suddenly drawne foorth and murthered with an hundred wounds after which they drew him through the streets and tearing him in peeces they carried them vp and downe the cittie in signe of a cruell reuenge The Viceroy carried himselfe indiscreetly in this mutinie and full of feare where as in the beginning he should haue supprest it by force and not to haue pourchased afterwards the name of cruell in his seuere punishments seeking
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king
vtterly disalow propunding instead thereof an assembly of embassadors in the city of Mantoua to consult of a pacification By his care and diligence this assembly was made and there met at Mantoua for him the abouenamed embassadors for the empererour the bishop of Gurgensis and for the French king the bishop of Paris whose labour proued fruitlesse The time was come in regard of the league of Cambray to retyre king Ferdinands three hundred men at armes which had serued the Pope wherefore these horsemen being retained longer then was agreed they returned to Naples The Pope being obstinate and furious not caring for the Emperour and much lesse for the French king was forced to dislodge from Bolonia for feare of the French army which did approch which city either for that it was abandoned by them he left there or by intelligence with the Bentiuoly 15â—â— came into the power of king Lewis without any difficulty 〈…〉 and soone after there were bils set vp in the publike places at Mantoua and at Bolonia declaring that a generall councell was assigned in September that yeare 1511 to the which the Pope and his adherents being accused of many crimes were cited for the which the Pope being a cholerike and furious man thought to run mad calling those Cardinalls which were opposite vnto him wicked Sectaries vsurpers of the Soueraigne bishops authority to whom only said he it did belong to cal a councel inciting the Vniuersities and faculties of diuinitie who declared this act to be hereticall The Emperour had made offer as a fit place and fatall to disordred Popes of the citie of Constance Turin had also beene propounded but Pisa was held most conuenient The furye of this war was so great in Italie as king Ferdinand being iealous of his realm of Naples sent three thousand Spaniards to his viceroy D. Raymond of Cardonea vnder the command of Pedro Nauraro earle of Albeto stil doubting that king Lewis did gape after it notwithstanding the accords made in regard of the marriage of Queene Germaine and hee deferred his voyage of Africke Cardinals sauouring the councell of Pâ—sâ— attending the issue of these troubles and of the councell of Pisa the chiefe fauourers whereof were the Cardinalls of S. Croix a Spaniard Bayeux Saint Malo Albret brother to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre Frenchmen they of Cosensa Saint Seuerin Italians but Pope Iulio for that he would not seeme to faile in his pastorall office pretending that the calling of a councell did belong to him and to disperse that of Pisa he did publish another at Saint Iohn de Latran in Rome the which wrought great effects in the hearts of princes and of religious people which did abhor schismes So as notwithstanding that the French king had sent 24 bishops to Pisa in the behalfe of the Clergie of France expecting that the emperour according to their accord should do the like for the Clergy of Germany yet whether retained by conscience or otherwise he neither sent bishops nor embassdors finding somtimes one euasion sometimes another 23 King Ferdinand being also sollicited by the Pope and as it is credible hauing good intelligence with him he made a publike declaration that seeing neither by intreaties nor persuasions he could not diuert the French king from his resolution to disquiet the Apostolike sea he tooke it into his protection and it is likely that the emperour Maximilian had beene also wonne by these two This declaration was made at Seuile whether soone after came letters from the councell of Pisa sommoning king Ferdinand to send his Prelates Warre betâ—iâ—â— France and Spaine and embassadors thither whereof hee made no accompt whereupon he parted from Seuile and came to Burgos from whence as the Spaniards say he sent to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre to intâ—eat him him not to beleeue the councell of the Cardinal his brother not to adhere in any sort to that false Councell of Pisa. Yet the k. of Nauarre ioined with the French king was declared a schismatike which made king Ferdinand to inuade his realm as we wil shew And being now come to open war king Ferdinand sent the whole army which he had prepared for Africk to Naples whereof he made D. Alfonso of Caruajal son to D. Diego of Caruajal Lord of Xodar general and one called Camudio Colonell of the foot In this army were 3000 foot and some 1100 horse whereof 600 were light horse During his abode at Burgos he had news that Pope Iulio was fallen daÌ„gerously sicke so as there was neither hope of life nor recouery the which held many Potentates in suspence fearing some great alteration but he recouered From Burgos he sent embassadors to Henry king of EnglaÌ„d his son in law to moue him to make war against the French king vpon his old pretensions against whom his Councel of Pisa there was a league made which had bin breeding betwixt the king D. Ferdinand the Pope the Venetians since the beginning of these quarrels vnder colour to defend the rights of the Apostolike sea to disperse the schismatical heretical councel of Pisa for the recoueries of the cities of Bolonia Ferrara the restoring of them to the church King Ferdinand did offer for this war 12 hundred men at armes one thousand light horse 10000 Spanish foot League betwixt king Ferdinand the Pope and the Venetians the Seigniory of Venice eight hundred men at armes one thousand horse and 8000 foot the Pope 400 men at armes fiue hundred light horse 6000 foot Moreouer 12 galleys for the king D. Ferdinand 14 for the Venetians making D. Raymond of Cardone viceroie of Naples generall of this warre for the entertainment of which army the Pope should furnish twenty thousand ducats a month and the Venetians as much and fourty thousand presently 1511 and this league was published at Rome in the church of Sancta Maria del populo in Octob this yeare one thousand fiue hundred and 11 into the which the king of England should be admitted if he would After which they did admonish proceed against the Cardinalls which disobeyed the Pope with the accustomed ceremonies solemnities and delaies to bring theÌ„ into the bosom of the holy mother church that is to say to the Councell assigned by the Pope at Saint Iohn de Latran which if they disobeyed they should be depriued of their dignities and liuings and punished as schismatitkes and heretikes which act was celebrated by the Pope in his pontificall habit and in a consistorie of seuen partiall Cardinals Those of the contrarie faction notwithstanding all this began to hold the councell of Pisa whereas the Florentines would not suffer 3 hundred Frenchmen at armes to enter which the Fathers and Prelates demanded for their gard being led by Gaston of Foix the kings nephew and duke of Nemours fearing least they should sease vpon that city for the French king The fathers comming to
the first session they were so mockt by the people receiued so many indignities as they were forced to transferre the councell of Pisa to Milan where they had neither more honor nor better vsage notwithstanding that they were in the French kings dominion where they held their second session the Cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard being president where they attended the prelates of Germany and the Emperors embassadors in vaine but they wanted not excuses These seeds of warre being cast among christians Order of the conception of Nunnes Pope Iulio doing his duâ—ty in matters of religion he confirmed the new order of the conception of Nunnes instituted in the citie of Toledo some yeares before by one of the ladies of Queene Isabell who was second wife to king Iohn the 2 her name was D. Beatrix de Silua of Portugal who being suspected by her mistresse for that by reason of her great beauty many courted her and there grew dailie quarrels among the courtiers she was put in prison where being kept three daies in teares and heauines without bread or drinke shee was moued to make a vow of chastity and for this cause they say the virgin Mary appeared vnto her in the habit which the Nunnes doe now weare that is a blew cloake and a white hood and did comfort her Being out of prison and going to Toledo with an intent to be a religious woman there appeared two Franciscane friers vnto her which sight made her think that they were sent to coÌ„fesse her then she shold be put to death but these fathers told her that she should be the mother of many daughters declaring vnto her the spirituall vnderstaÌ„ding of it that it should be of many religious women then they vanished wherfore she going on her way being come to Toledo she put herselfe into the monasterie of religious women of S. Dominike the royal where she remained 30 yeres in a secular habit liuing holily afterwards she remoued with 12 nuns to a place where now S. Foy is which in former times was called the palace of galiena being desirous to institute an order in honor of the virgin Mary and there she remained with her company by the permission of the queen D. Isabella wife to the king D. Ferdinand now raigning vntill that the habit was confirmed vnto them by Pope Innocent the eight the office of the conception vnder the rule of Cristeaux without any other new order in the which hauing coÌ„tinued some time they ioyned with the Nunnes of Saint Peter de las Duegnas of the order of Saint Benet making a medley of the rules of the Benedictins Bernardines vntill that Cardinall Francis Ximenes then prouinciall of the Franciscans and generall reformer in Spaine made them to leaue the rules of Saint Bennet and Saint Bernard and to take the habit and the Office of the conception vnder the rule of Saint Clare putting them into the monasterie which at this day is called of the Conception which was woont to bee the conuent of Franciscane Friers transported by reason of them to S. Iohn des Rois. There this yere 1511 Pope Iulio confirmed them in their own rule and order of the conception leauing that of S. Clare This yere all the coast of Affrike was terrified vpon the brute of the great preparation which had been made in Spain to inuade them The king of Tremessen sent his embassadors to king Ferdinand to offer him vassalage and a tribute of 13000 double ducats of gold payable in the citie of Oran In Spain there died D. Beatrix of Bouadilla Marquesse of Moya and soone after her husband D. Andrew de Cabrera The yeare one thousand fiue hundred and twelue following king Ferdinand hauing vndertaken the Popes defence hee commanded D. Raymond of Cardoua viceroy of Naples appointed generall of the holy league to ioyne his forces with the Popes and Venetians the which was done at Imola where they made the body of the army in the which was Legate for the Pope Cardinall Iohn of Medicis of the title of Sancta Maria in Dominica Theseforces entring into Lombardie in a manner all that the duke of Ferrara held on this side Po yeelded vnto the league without any force but La Bastie which the earle 〈◊〉 Nauarro tooke and then they camped before Bolonia but Gaston of Foix duke of Nemours a gallant young nobleman comming to releâ—ue it the army of the league was forced to retyre to Imola On the other side the Venetians tooke Bresse but not the Castle and Bergamo with other places were yeelded vnto them but the duke of Nemours comming to succour the castle of Bresâ—e hee encountred Iohn Paul Bâ—illon vpon the way with part of the Venetian army and put them to rout and then hee entred the towne and put eight thousand Venetians and inhabitants to the sword Exploits of Gaston of Foix. hee tooke Andrew Gritti their commander prisoner with Anthonie Iustinien and other men of great quality and soone after recouered Bergamo and all the places which the Venetians had taken In the meane time king Ferdinand prepared a fleet in the ports of Biscaye and Guipuscoa to assaile France vpon the coast of Guienne hauing induced the king of England to reuiue the old quarrell who at the persuasion of the Popes embassador had made an assemblie of the Prelates of his realme and promised to send to the Councell of Latran and for a greater demonstration of his hatred hee caused the French embassadors which did reside in his court to dislodge 25 During these troubles Nauarre the king D. Iohn and the Queene D. Catherine of Nauarre his wife did enioy their realme in peace since the expulsion of the earle of Lerin the Constable and of Lewis of Beaumont his sonne with others of that faction then all their care was to restore it to the ancient estate and the places reunited which were disstracted and held by the king of Castille for the which and to demaund other rights which they pretended they had sent many embassadors to king Ferdinand who had returned with good hope to obtaine what they demanded or the greater part wherefore they sent againe doctor Iohn of Iassu Seigniour of Pauierre Ladron of Monleon and the Protonotarie Martin of Iaureguisar who were of the councel with ample instructions to capitulate compound and end all their pretentions in this form That they should intreat the king of Arragon Embassage of Nauarre to king Ferdinand Regent of Castille that if he made any accord with the French king the kings of Nauarre might be comprehended That the embassadors should make great instance to king Ferdinand that the townes of Saint Vincent Sos Arcos Garde and Bernedo and moreouer the places of Sosierra held by him and the crowne of Castille might bee restored vnto them according vnto the will of the deceased Queene D. Isabella at her death as places belonging to the Crowne of Nauarre That in like maner
the low Countries attended to gard him it being dangerous sailing vpon that coast there came from Southampton a shippe royally appoynted being followed by tenne others which were sent by the Queene to receiue the princes person and his whole Court in the which were many noblemen of England sent to that end 1555 and to present vnto him the order of the Garter which he receiued with a ioyfull countenance and put the garter on his left leg Hee would not haue anie go into the ship with him but the duke of Alba Ruy Gomes de Silua Antonio de Toledo and Pedro Lopes the first was his lord steward the second lord chamberlain the third master of his horse and the last a steward also but afterwards other noblemen and the whole court landed with their furniture which continued three days During the princes stay there he was entertained with all the state that might be desired from thence he went to Winchester where the Queene attended him and where the marriage was celebrated On the 25 of that month Philippe made king of Naples there was first read the renunciation of the emperour his father by the which he resigned vnto him the realme of Naples then the articles of the capitulation made in regard of that marriage The Emperour would not neyther did the English thinke it fit their Queene should marrie with any one that had not the tittle of a King so as the realme of Naples was assigned vnto him and soone after the Duchie of Milan Whereupon the Marques of Pescara was sent to Naples to take possession in his name which ceremonie was done the 25 of Nouember with great solemnity in the presence of cardinall Pacheco then viceroy and of the prince of Bisignano who was created Sindic of the city to that end In the yeere 1555 died pope Iulio de Monte Death of pope Iulio the third hee was of a quiet disposition louing his people but irresolute in his greatest affaires which grew of a desire he had to be friend both to the French king and Emperour who hauing not that art that was requisite to reconcile their old quarrels hee found himselfe often deceiued in his designes and was not beloued of any of them Death of pope Marcel He was succeeded by Marcel Ceruin of Montepulciano cardinall of Sancta Croix a man of a verie good life giuing great hope of his good gouernment but hee died within three weekes after his election confirming a common opinion in the people of Rome that the Popes which change not their name die presently His successour Iohn Peter Caraffa cardinall of Ostia failed not to change his name whom they named Paul the fourth Pope Paul the fourth hee was called Chietin or Thietin of the name of an Order of religious men whereof hee had beene the Author at such time as hee was Bishop of Chieti or Thieti in Abruzzo he was also surnamed the Warrior 16 The same yeare Queene Ioane mother to the Emperour died in the towne of Tordesillas Death of queen Ioane the emperours mother hauing beene alwayes troubled in her sences and distracted since the death of king Philippe her husband vntill that she was threescore and fifteene yeeres old this princesse troubling her selfe infinitely for that she thought she was contemned and that they kept her as a prisoner this ambitious humour of commaund would not suffer her to take any rest so as this sharpe and violent humor of melancholie which she had as it were by inheritance from the Queene D. Isabella a Portugall wife to D. Iohn the second King of Castille her grandmother was continued and augmented in her 17 Henry of Albret king of Nauarre died about that time at Pau Death of Henry of Albret king Nauarre in the fiftieth yeare of his age He ordayned as the Kings his predecessours had done that he would be buried in Pampelone whose bodie was layd at Lescar in Bearne To whose possessions and right to the realme of Nauarre Ioane of Albret his onely daughter succeeded beeing married to Anthonie of Burbon duke of Vendosme Gouernors of Nauarre This realme detained by the Emperour was in the meane time gouerned by Viceroyes about the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and fiftie by D. Barnardin Cardenas duke of Magueda in whose time D. Philippe prince of the Asturies and heire of Castille Arragon c. was sworne prince of Viana and in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and two D. Bertrand de la Cuenâ— duke of Albuquerque took vpon him the gouernement it is hee that was in Guipuscoa whenas the French held Fontarrabie By him there were certaine light enterprises made vpon the frontires of France and vpon the towne of Saint Iohn de Lus in the precedent warres and by the diligence of the said Duke of Albuquerque the prince D. Philip was declared king of Nauarre with the emperours consent by the Estates of the Countrey beeing assembled at Pampelone Death of D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and sixe About this time D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes and Marshall of the realme of Nauarre died at Toledo leauing for heire to his possessions D. Ieronima of Nauarre in fauour of whom her husband D. Iohn de Benauides was made marshall The warre had beene verie hot these last yeares betwixt the French and the imperials vpon the frontiers of Artois and Picardie and in Piedmont the which had extended into Tuscaine whereas Peter Strossy who commanded the French forces was defeated in battell by the Marquesse of Marignan Generall for the emperour Sienna had beene long beseeged by the Imperials Sienna loseth her libertie and defended by the French but in the end it was yeelded and made subiect to the duke of Florence But the French notwithstandingh this bad successe in Tuscaine began to grow strong in Piedmont and seemed to threaten the duchie of Milan where there wanted a Gouernour D. Ferdinand Gonzague being called in Flaunders to iustifie himselfe as hee did of the slaunders wherewith hee was taxed by D. Iohn de Luna a Spaniard Castellan of Milan and the Chaunceller Tauerne Ruy Gomez de Silua imbraced this occasion who beeing much beloued by king Philip and finding the duke of Alba to be a great competitor in his Maiesties fauour hee had practised long by all the policies of a Courteour to send him from Court besides hee was suspected to fauour them that did molest Fernand Gonzague to the end that being called thence the duke might haue meanes to bee sent thither with a large authoritie the which succeeded according to his desire for the warre increasing in Piedment and ill mannaged by them that commanded the king resolued the emperours Councell being also of that minde to send the duke of Alba to reduce it into some better estate But he would not accept of that charge which indeed was great and weighty
if hee might not haue such authoritie giuen him as hee might gouerne with honour and hope of good successe Wherefore hee obtained a title Duke of Alba sent Viceroy into Italie which was neuer before graunted to any of the emperours Ministers passing with full power and authoritie to gouerne the realme of Naples and the duchie of Milan as well in peace as in warre and to gouerne all as if his Majestie were there in person And for that hee knew how weake the forces were in Italie for want of money before his departure he would haue great prouision made both from the lowe countries Spaine and Italie so as with an opinion to doe great matters not onely by the same of his authoritie and valour but by the great sum of money which was assigned him he gaue order for his speedy passage beyond the Alpes Hee sent Commissions before to haue men artillerie munition victuals and pioners in a readinesse and himselfe came in post the twelfth of Iune to Milan the successe of that warre you may read in its proper historie The duke of Alba hearing of some alteration intended vpon the confines of the realmes of Naples was inuited to goe thither notwithstanding that the king had already sent Bernardine of Mendosa thither with the title of Lieutenant in the place of Cardinall Pacecco who went away hearing of the dukes arriuall in Italie making Iohn Baptista Castaldo his Lieutenant in the state of Milan 18 The emperour this yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and fiue Emperour Charles resignes the Gouernment to his son broken with toyles of the world and willing to free himselfe of so great a burthen and to satisfie the desire of his sonne king Philip to whom although he had giuen the title of King of Naples and afterwards of duke of Milan yet the gouernment remained at the disposition of the emperors councell he resolued to renounce the absolute gouernment with the titles of al those realmes states except the empire to the which his brother Ferdinand should succeed So calling his sonne into Flaunders he made this renunciation with great ceremonies in the town of Brussels the fiue and twentieth day of October in a great assemblie of the Nobilitie Prelates and deputies of towns the Queene of Hungarie and Meximilian the emperours sonne in law with some other princes being present but all Spaniards officers others of what qualitie soeuer were put out of the hall and not any suffered to stay but such as had business or had beene called So as from that time all matters were handled by the said kings Councell and he was called both king of Spaine and Catholike But before the resignation of all his realmes and estates in this honourable assemblie he gaue these instructions vnto his Sonne for the better gouernment of his estate The instructions of the emperour Charles when hee resigned his estates vnto his Sonne Philip. I Haue resolued most deare son to come now to the point of resigning into your hands the full administration and absolute gouernment of al my estates realms as I haue often told you wherefore my pleasure is that against the morning you giue order for the performance of this act with all due ceremonies you shall also giue order with speed by sending messengers into euery part that both gouernors inferior magistrates and people acknowledge you as in duty they are boūd for their superior yeelding you due obediēce that al persons except such as are subiect to the empire take the oth of allegeance The like oth I wil haue the generals of armies al the commanders of martial forces take that they may from henceforth in the point of loyalty depend vpon your selfe no other The more rare this president is of princes which haue bin content to resigne their estates vnto their successors the greater are the signs not only of my loue to you but of the assurance I haue of your good inclination my great care to see your estate setled I could defer this act as most princes doe vntill my death but hauing a desire rather to imitate the smaller number of fathers in this point I haue chosen willingly by this act in my life time to make my self a superior rather than a cōpanion to any It is a weak trial of the valor resolution of a prince to subdue kingdoms by force in comparison of conquering himself being thus far cōtent not only to bridle al ambition desire of rule but to submit himselfe to a certain kind of obedience Against this course sensuality doth striue with all her force and in exchange of al worldlie satisfactiōs which are enioyed by the prerogatiue of absolute authoritie setteth before our eies the rigor of the laws to which as to a common bounder princes setting their authoritie aside must leuell all their actions as well as priuat men To blind our vnderstanding farther with like vailes the same sensuall consideration stirreth vp by way of admonition a prouident forecast of diuers inconueniences whereinto many fall that haue made themselues subiect to the will of other men by the diuersitie of their conceits and censures the which by the corruption of the care of priuat interest are apt to swarue from the right rule of integritie It may be that some wil be terrified with this common supposition that princes which are once possessed of authoritie may resigne it at their owne pleasures but they must resume it at the pleasures of other men Yet fatherly affection hath preuailed in me more than all these zealous considerations and duetie also in some part for finding my selfe now aged which may bee accompted greater in regard of my sickely estate my satietie of glory in this world and wearinesse of toile finding moreouer that by my continuall trauell vnto this day I could not satisfie in any part the duetie which belongeth vnto the profession of a Christian I find my selfe inflamed with a most earnest desire to free my selfe from so manie troublesome incombrances and then retire my selfe to a meere religious kind of life and more fit for a Christian. On the other side the consideration of your age being now ripe and fit for gouernment together with the expectation which you haue gotten in the world by managing the greatest affaires of Spaine with great judgement do moue me the rather to proceed in my resolution Being moued by all these good considerations I haue thought it fit to lay this weighty burthen vpon your shoulders and to ease mine owne which time and trauell haue now weakened and disabled I do confidently hope that the subiects of al my prouinces shal haue cause to thanke God first and then me for this resolution in respect of the gratious vsage they shall receiue at your hands succeeding in my place neither is it hurtfull vnto your selfe that by his occasion during my life you shall settle your selfe more firmely in my dominions It remaineth then