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B23787 China and France, or, Two treatises the one, of the present state of China as to the government, customs, and manners of the inhabitants thereof ... from the observation of two Jesuites lately returned from that country, written and published by the French Kings cosmographer and now Englished : the other, containing the most remarkable passages of the reign and life of the present French King, Lewis the Fourteenth, and of the valour of our English in his armies. Magalotti, Lorenzo, conte, 1637-1712. Viaggio del P. Giovanni Grueber tornando per terea da China in Europa. English.; Grueber, Johann, 1623-1680.; Orville, Albert, comte d', 1621-1662.; Thévenot, M. (Melchisédech), 1620?-1692. 1676 (1676) Wing G2163 63,324 224

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twentieth of December and his eldest Son the Duke of Enguien succeeded him in his Principality and to the honor of being the first Prince of the Blood Royal of France In the year 1647. the Mareschal de Gassion forced many places to submit he was wounded at the siege of Lens and carried to Arras where he died Monsieur Villequier commanded in his absence and took the Town About this time the Duke of Brezé was killed over against Naples with a Cannon Bullet and his Fleet was put to flight by the Spanish Armado But the misfortunes and ill successes of the Duke of Guise brought all his family to ruine He had been sollicited by the Rebellious Neapolitans to command their Army against their lawful Prince He too credulously trusted an unconstant Rabble and went to Naples to manage a War against Spain in that part of the World and dispossess the House of Austria of one of its best Kingdoms His first arrival was attended by some Successes and the favor of the Inhabitants but when the Court of France out of a jealousie of his greatness began to frown upon him and deny the assistance which they had promised and might have sent him the Neapolitans betrayed him to their old Masters for their own safety and pardon He was carried into the Prisons of Spain from whence he could scarce obtain his freedom in three years This great disappointment brought the House of Guise to a low estate together with some other miscarriages that they have been guilty of In this Campagne Lerida the strongest Bulwark upon the Borders of Spain was streightly besieged by the Army of the Prince of Condé The Count de Harcourt had attempted it the year before but this place stood it out till the last so that the siege was raised to succor some other more considerable Town which the Spaniard was ready to carry In the beginning of the Spring 1648. that dismal year for England the Prince of Condé appeared again at the head of an Army in Flanders where he took Ypres in twelve days but before this siege was over where the French Army suffered many wants the Spaniard had recovered Funes Courtray and Lens These advantages had made them contemn their Enemies commanded by the Prince So that General Beck assistant to the Arch duke Leopold in his Army assured him of a full victory over the French With this perswasion they ventured to ingage but the Troops of Lorraine were disordered in the Battle and the Archdukes Cavalry were so miserably treated that if the Prince de Ligny had not come in with his reserve the Archduke had been made prisoner General Beck died with the displeasure of his ill success as well as by his wounds This Battle was fought the twentieth of August it caused several petty Towns to open their Gates as Lens and Furnes c. At this time Mareschal de Schomberg the Kings General in Catalonia took the Town of Tortoise in the Kingdom of Valencia and defeated the Army of Don Francisco de Melo the Spanish General that came to relieve it All these Sieges Battles and Rencounters hapned during the Treaty at Munster which excluded the French and the Spaniard Their quarrels alone could not be ended for the Spaniard had intelligence of a secret Conspiracy in France where the greatest Princes were concerned He did therefore expect to recover what he had lost by the favor of the Domestick Wars and troubles of his Neighbors The Prince of Condé and many more of the Blood Royal were united together they published their Manifesto to justifie their taking up Arms to reform the Government as was pretended and to remove the Cardinal from that great trust reposed in him by the Queen Paris held for the Rebels and many other Towns were in danger of following the same example The Inhabitants were more then usually scurrilous and scandalous against the King the Queen and the Cardinal These troubles had almost deprived the young King of his Crown and Scepter had it not been for the seasonable assistance and kind Mediation of our great Monarch and the vigorous endeavors of the Mareschal de Turenne more faithful to his King then to his Religion At last after much Bloodshed in an intestine War the Prince retreated into Flanders with those of his party whom neither Love Loyalty nor Interest could perswade to guard their young King The Spaniard put him at the Head of their Troops with which he recovered almost all the Towns that he had formerly lost If the Mareschal de Turenne had not stopped the progress of the Princes victories he had invaded the Crown it self as well as the Frontier Towns But after an absence of several years the King invited him home received him into his favor bestowed upon him his Government and Employs and treated the Dukes of Conti and Longueville in the same generous manner publishing a General Pardon to all other offenders in the Civil Wars On the Seventh of September 1651. the King being thirteen years old was declared of Age sufficient to take upon him the Government and to begin to act in person in that sphere where providence had put him The Declaration was approved of in the Parliament of Paris and proclaimed all over the Land The War continued still between France and Spain In the years 49 50 51 and 52 the Spaniard had the greatest Successes against the French for they were assisted by the Sedition and Treachery of the Inhabitants as much as by their own valor and numbers of Men to recover more then they had formerly lost But after the Kings majority he appeared himself at the head of his Troops and with his presence gave them so much courage and resolution that they turned the fortune of War The City of Bar and the Castle of Ligny was surrendred to the Mareschal de la Ferté in 1653. The Duke of Espernon besieged Bellegard but could not take it till the news was come that the King was in the Camp then the Governor was loath to stand it out against his own Prince Rethel and Mouzon were retaken by Monsieur Turenne St. Menehou by la Ferté the twenty seventh of November Du Plessis Praslin behaved himself so gallantly in taking this place that the King gave it him to command Grancey surprised Castillon and withstood the valorous efforts of General Caracena The year 1654. was honored with the greatest solemnity and most sacred Ceremony of France the Coronation of their King at Rheims with that holy Oyl which they affirm to be faln from Heaven and sent from God for that purpose to anoint their Kings therewith When they have been thus inaugurated the people have a particular respect for their persons After this Stenay was besieged by the French commanded by Mareschal d' Hocquincourt when the Spaniard saw they could not hinder the taking of this place they labored to make a Diversion and to recompence themselves for their loss by the invasion of Arras
always been the Seat of War when any is stirring in Europe At this time the whole House of Austria that have so great a sway in that Climat thought themselves ingaged to assist the King of Spain their Brother against the common Enemy the French General Merci commanded the Army of the Duke of Bavaria he was so successful to take Frieburgh from the French As he was marching farther to besiege some other place the Duke of Enguien met him with his Army and ingaged three times on three several days at last the French forced them after a notable slaughter to a disorderly retreat After this many considerable Towns submitted to the conquering valor of the Duke of Enguien and received from him Garrisons only to preserve their Territories from the spoil which otherwise he would have made Philipsbourgh a strong Frontier Town Vormes Spire Mayence Burghen Landau and the Castle of Magdebourgh were yielded up this Summer But before the year was over the Princes of Europe agreed to send all their Plenipotentiaries to Munster there to compose their differences and agree in a General Peace for Germany and the Frontier Towns of the Empire had been so much impoverished by the long and continual Wars that as many died by Famine as formerly by the Sword The only remedy was an Universal Peace which was endeavored between all the Princes of Christendom The Queen Regent of France sent thither the Count d' Avaux and Monsieur Servien to manage the French interest afterwards the Duke of Longueville followed The Treaty began in the Moneth of April 1644. but could not be concluded till the Twenty fourth of October 1648. All the Monarchs of Europe agreed to lay down Arms and to suffer their People to injoy the Blessings of Peace only France and Spain had such differences as could not be composed their pretensions were so high and so intangled That the greatest Polititians that assisted at this composure of Affairs could not find any expedient to bring them to an agreement Therefore the Ministers of other Princes did their business without them When they saw them so stiff in not yielding to one another they left them to themselves and their Masters alone to end their own quarrels and fight till they were weary That which administered new difficulties every day to this Peace between the two Monarchies was the prosecution of the War which was so vigorously managed by the French in the time of the Treaty that in the beginning of the Spring 1645. they had five Armies on foot in Flanders in Germany in Lorraine in Catalonia and in Italy The Army of Flanders was commanded by the Duke of Orleans as Generalissimo his Lieutenants were the Mareschals de Gassion and Rantzau At their passage over the River of Colme there was a very hot dispute between the French and Spaniards but in fine the two Mareschals behaved themselves so bravely that the Spaniard was put to flight and the passage opened Mardike Bourbourgh Lillers Bethune Mount-Cassel S. Venant Menenes and Armentiers were forced to yield The Town of Lens was suddenly taken Upon the Borders of Germany the Duke of Enguien the French General marched with his Troops as far as the Nekar he took Rotembourgh and went next to find out his Enemies the United Forces of the Empire that were encamped about Nortlinguen and Dunkespiel The French had here a notable victory Four thousand men were killed with Merci the Duke of Bavariaes General Gleen the Emperors General was taken with all the Provisions Artillery Waggons and above forty Colours The Duke entertained Gleen very kindly and set him at liberty the Neighboring Towns Nortlinguen and Dunkespiel were surrendered to the French after the Battle The Army had orders to march towards Hailbron but the Duke fell dangerously sick so that he was forced to withdraw and be carried to Philipsbourgh At this time the House of Austria united all its Forces under two Generals the Archduke Leopold and General Galaz There were in this Army above Thirty thousand Men. Monsieur de Turenne and the Mareschal of Grammont commanded in the French Army instead of the Duke d'Enguien they had not above Twelve or thirteen thousand Men yet they behaved themselves so gallantly that the Imperialists could never come to fight them They retreated with their Soldiers through their Enemies Countrey and returned safe home into the Borders of France The French Generals were highly commended for their Wisdom in foreseeing the danger of a General Battle and for their care and prudence in managing the Retreat to save their Men. In Lorraine the Mareschal de Villeroy was sent with an Army to drive the Duke out of his Dominions because he had Confederated himself with the Enemies of France The Inhabitants are naturally inclined to favor the French therefore they made no great resistance but submitted themselves to the King of Frances General only La Mothe held out Monsieur Magaloty undertook to defend it but his death caused it to be surrendred also So that the poor Duke was driven out of all his Patrimony by the overruling power of his Neighbor In Catalonia the French were no less successful for the General the Count du Plessis-Praslin took Roses the nineteenth of May and the Count de Harcourt Viceroy of Catalonia defeated the Spaniards in the Fields of Liorerys and forced the Town of Balaguier to open its Gates Du Plessis-Praslin was honored with the Staff of a Mareschal of France for his good service to that Crown and was commanded into Italy to assist Prince Thomas against the Spaniards In the Dukedom of Milan Viguerano was taken from them but when the Prince was in his Retreat the Spanish Generals overpowered him and had it not been for the seasonable coming in of the new Mareschal his Soldiers had been cut in pieces and totally routed The next year 1646. the War was managed with the same fury as before especially in Flanders under the Dukes of Orleans and d'Enguien who laid siege with a numerous Army well appointed to the City of Courtray which they took in the presence of all the Forces of the House of Austria that came with a design to raise the Siege Mardike was again retaken from the Spaniard and Dunkirk was besieged by the Duke of Enguien Caracena and Lambay were the Spanish Generals but they did not dare to adventure a pitcht Battle The Marquess of Leda a famous and experienced Commander was then Governor of this Town that was well fortified by Nature as well as by Art Nevertheless the French won it in thirteen days and forced the besieged to a Capitulation After this Prince Thomas and the Duke of Brezé besieged and took Orbiselle but the Spaniards were so strong in Italy that the Court ordered the Mareschal de la Meilleray and du Plessis-Praslin with United Forces to march thither they took two small places Paombino and Portolongone About this time Henry de Bourbon Prince of Condé died the Six and