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A85072 A brief historical relation of the empire of Russia, and of its original growth out of 24 great dukedomes, into one entire empire, since the yeer 1514. Humbly presented to the view and serious perusal of all true-hearted English-men, that love and honour the peace and happiness of this their native country. / By J.F. J. F. 1654 (1654) Wing F28; Thomason E1485_2; ESTC R22889 20,403 58

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the wall being all of massie timber and earth But the unsavoury fruit of this their bloody Tragedie was by the just hand of heaven returned into their own bosomes for the Country forthwith raised two mighty Armies under the conduct of the Lord Troobetscoy and the Lord Pazarskee who besieged the Polonians in the City close on every side for the space of two yeers and through extreme famine enforced the Polonians to yeeld up that famous Metropolitan City and therewith the Prince of Poland's right to the Empire of Russia so as of 35000 valiant men there returned not twenty persons into Poland Those few hundreds that yeelded up the City coming once to plenty of victuals died with meat in their mouthes through meer weakness having not tasted a bit of bread in six months before In which Siege a loaf of bread sometime was sold for a thousand Robles which is 500 l. Sterling During the time of this cruel Siege wherein I continued 22 months being lodged in the Imperial Palace several objects of misery presented themselves to my fight and observation from the besieged as the eating of the flesh of horses dogs cats and all sorts of leather boyled in ditch-water which served in stead of Tripes But that which took most impression of grief upon my spirits was to see many Russian Ladies nobly descended and brave young Gentlewomen who not long before scorned that the moist earth should have touched the soles of their feet were now become miserable constrained to go bare-footed and for food to prostrate themselves to every mean persons disposal yea when they were discarded by some I have seen them with tears in their eyes profer their service to others and all for a miserable livelihood which then called to my remembrance this old saying Pride must have a fall and Hunger will break stone-walls But after the famine grew very great and all women children and aged persons turned out of the City to the Russians who received them very courteously ●ery much condoling their miserable conditions there followed a very great judgement of God upon the Polonians ob●●inacie and hardness of heart who all bound themselves by Oath and receiving the Sacrament upon it not to yeeld up the City to the Russians so long as there was a man of them alive which brought them to that extremity that they by casting lots who should die next to maintain the rest alive did devour one another from 3000 to 400 persons And at the surrender of the City divers Commanders of the Russian Army seizing upon sundry large chests conceiving them to be full of treasure having them broken up found in them nothing but the bodies of men slain for food to the living Upon the regaining of this Imperial City in 1612. forthwith followed the free election of Mighaylo Theodorowiche of the lineage of Borice that famous Emperour by the two National Armies consisting of 13000 Horse and Foot who was crowned the 5 of August 1613. This young Prince for a time walked in the path of that Princely myrrour of Justice Borice under whose Government after a few yeers of trouble the Nation enjoyed Halcyon days of peace and tranquillity after the cessation of that long intestine War between the Emperors of Russia and Charles Duke of Swethland and his son Gustavus the late King of Swethland which was accomplished and the Country of Scythia restored to the Russian by the mediation of King James and the indefatigable restless pains and travel of the truly-honorable sage States-man Sir John Merick employed Lord Ambassador there for that work for the space of three yeers and eight months who accomplished a League offensive and defensive between the two Crowns of Russia and Swethland in 1617. which is since ratified by the now-Emperour Olexey Michaylowiche and the Queen of Swethland This worthy States-man Sir John Merick was by King James employed upon a second Embassie unto the said Emperour of Russia in the yeer 1621. being accompanied by six Gentlemen of quality of whom Robert Kelloway Esq was first in degree and by 60 followers all in a rich Livery who accomplished his Embassie with content to the King and very great honour to himself and this Nation In both which great Embassies I had the honour to be with him all the time Thus after this peaceable Emperour had rei●ned 35 yeers he died to whom succeeded Olexey his son who being yet of tender yeers and not knowing the great and weighty causes and motives inducing his Princely predecessors to grant that great Charter of Free-trade unto the English Company of Merchants thorowout that vast Empire free of Custom and all other duties hath as is supposed by the aggravation of some Dutch Resident there deprived the English of that Charter But now I hope upon better information and apprehension of the constant love of the English to his Majestie and that Nation and their readiness on all occasions from time to time to serve and supply his predecessors with all necessaries even in the times of their greatest straits will be a sufficient motive to him most honorably and freely to restore unto the English Merchants the said Charter of Free-trade and will thereby manifest his Princely affection to our victorious Chieftain or Caesar who hitherto hath been the Lords threshing-instrument of terrour to all the potent and raging enemies of this Nation both by land and sea All which the Dutch as well as others have been made very sensible of and of which they above any others can make a most true Narrative if they please to the glory of God the honour of his Highness and this nation and to their own correcti●e instruction for the future lest their insulting pride draw them down by a second Duke d'Alva to the gulf of destruction and enforce them once again to intitle themselves to our Caesar The poor distressed States of the Netherlands as they did in the days of Elizabeth Queen of England who purchased those United Provinces from the Spaniard by the inestimable life-blood of more then 100000 English-men besides Scots and Irish and the expence of more then two millions of treasure Never to be fully satisfied by the worth of all the Netherlands But if any shall be offended at these my foregoing expressions touching our present● victorious Chieftain or Caesar I shall humbly desire them to look back into the recorded transactions of all the Worthies in former ages and see if they can comparatis comparandis balance those many several noble and victorious acts of his with any of theirs in the scale of Honour and true Magnanimity by him accomplished in three famous Kingdoms viz. England Scotland and Ireland and all within the space of 3 or 4 yeers without the least foil or repulse at any time by him received from his this Nation 's potent enemies Wherein in my judgment he surpasses the Romane Caesars the furious Goths and Vandals the valiant Scanderbeg Prince of Epirath the
reward favour or affection to any of their neerest allies or dearest friends He also ordered the determination of all Controversies and Suits in Law to be within 40 days and the charges of a Suit in Law not to exceed a Greevna which is 12 d. English viz. 4 d. for the Citation 4 d. for the Warrant and 4 d. for a copie of the Decretal Order And for any one that had commenced a false and vexatious Suit against any he was to pay treble damages Pure Justice and to suffer the like punishment which he intended thereby to have inflicted upon the person by him unjustly troubled O what happiness what peace what concord would such a course of Justice produce here in England And for the sale of houses and lands of Inheritance he ordained a book to be kept in every Province called The everlasting book or as here in England it was called formerly when the practice of the Law ran in its pure current The Dooms day-book which is there continued to this present By which means all vexatious Suits unjust Claims and all Frauds are prevented The people there cannot mortgage nor sell their Land Houses nor Leases two or three times over to several persons as usually here in England nor is any there cheated of their Patrimonies nor constrained to sell or mortgage their lands or goods or both to maintain a long and tedious Suit in Law by giving content to their insatiable Cormorant-Lawyers Attorneys Sollicitors as we do here in England where the recovery of a debt of 20 l. hath cost some men above 200 l. in Law Yea some thousands of families have been ruined in defence of their rights by the present abusive practise of the Law Neither have they there nor in any Country under the whole heavens but in cruel England any murthering dens and dungeons of cruelty for imprisoning men and women for debt till they starve and die in prison contrary to our own ancient Statutes yet in force See the book intituled Liberty vindicated against Slavery fol. 8 9 10 11 12 13. 25 Edw. 3. chap. 4. 21 Edw. 2. D. 172. 13 Edw. 3. B. 153. 8 Hen. 4. chap. 18 20. 34 Edw. 1. chap. 4. 23 Hen. 6. chap. 10. Magna Chart. chap. 35. Westm. 1. ch 26.3 Edw. 1. ch 26.25 Edw. 3. chap. 4. Nor is there any arrested nor imprisoned upon frivolous false and vexatious Actions unjust Orders Reports and Decrees daily as they are here in England Nor is there any such Horse-leeches to suck the vital blood of men and women committed to their custody into Gaols and Prisons as we have here For all which unexpressible cruelties doubtless the wrath and vengeance of God will ere long fall heavie upon the Nation if not remedied according to the several Vows Protestations Declarations and Manifesto's made to God and this Nation many yeers since both by Parliament and ●rmy In this most noble just and famous Emperours days the cruel the mighty nor the oppressing Miser durst not wrong nor oppress the poor the widow the fatherless nor the stranger The Judges and Chancellors durst not step aside our of the strait path of Justice for money favour nor affection witness that exemplary just Sentence of his passed on the Chancellor of the Province of Rezane who for 100 Robles bribe which is 50 l. had most unjustly decreed a poor widows Land of Inheritance from her whereof proof being by her made to the Emperour the Lord Chancellors was by him degraded and sentenced to have the like bag of money hang'd about his neck and to be whipped by the common Hang-man from the great Chancery-Office to the Market-place and back to the said Office there the money to be melted and poured down his throat All which was done accordingly O if this pure Justice and Mercy were exercised here in England how unexpressibly would it elevate his Highness in the affections of all the people and engrave him in their hearts whereby he would then become like to the famous Queen Elizabeth who upon any motion abroad from her Palace had many thousands attending on the high-ways to congratulate her with their loyalty and loud acclamations sent up to heaven for her Majesties long life health and prosperity In her days there is said to be but one Serjeant at Law at the Common-Pleas bar called Serjeant Benlowes who was ordained to plead both for the Plaintiff and Defendant for which he was to take ten Groats of each party and no more and to manifest his impartial dealing to both parties he was therefore to wear a party-coloured garment and to have on his head a black Cap of impartial Justice and under it a white linen Coyf of Innocencie All which was in the days of King James turned to Injustice Oppression and Bribery Serjeants were by him made in abundance and a Serjeants place was then sold for 800 l. but in the days of the late King the price of Iniquity was raised to 1500 l. who at one time made thirteen Serjeants at Law I will wade no further into this sea of Wickedness lest some of the old stamp and long Robe should finde themselves agrieved but resolve to return to the matter in hand The like punishment was by this famous Emperour most justly inflicted upon the Great Lord Chancellor of Mosco who for passing an unjust Decree was degraded and whipped and had thirty lashes by the common Hang-man upon the Cozoel or wooden Gate before his own Office The like was by him inflicted on the Vayvode or Governour of Vasema who for injustice and oppression was also whipped and his estate decreed to satisfie the persons by him wronged I would instance many more the like acts of Justice which flowed from that truely-magnanimous Prince as also how the subtil deceitful knot of a number of grand oppressors was by him broken who by their subtil contrivances in and by their accustomed corrupt practices in and by their Law had enslaved the Nation to their corrupt wills and ruined thousands of families But I hop● that little that hath been related is sufficient for any to take consideration of and to make it their own most honourable practical example to the glory of God the good of this Nation and their own eternal honour And thus after the poor oppressed man's Patriot even this famous Emperour had happily reigned 36 yeers he departed this life whose death was much lamented by all the people for many yeers to whom succeeded his son Theodore who being about 17 yeers old reigned but six months In whose time one Demetrius who from his youth being brought up in the Free-School of Warsovia in Poland gave himself out and was credibly said to be the son of John Bazilious the first Emperour who having married Marinca the eldest daughter of Sandomerskee one of the Electors of Poland was by Sigismundus King of Poland supplied with 20000 horse who thereupon entred this great Empire of Russia with an Army of