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A40038 The history of Romish treasons & usurpations together with a particular account of many gross corruptions and impostures in the Church of Rome, highly dishonourable and injurious to Christian religion : to which is prefixt a large preface to the Romanists / carefully collected out of a great number of their own approved authors by Henry Foulis. Foulis, Henry, ca. 1635-1669. 1671 (1671) Wing F1640A; ESTC R43173 844,035 820

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her King and elder Brother Henry and conjures them also to loyalty to throw away all private Interests and Factions and conclude in a firm peace and union The Confederates perceiving that they wanted an Head and so a main pretence to countenance their Arms to the people and that whatever they had hitherto gained was more by their dissembling then strength that also the Pope Paul II had censured them if they continued in open wars For King Henry was held an obedient son to the Bishops of Rome for which Calixtus III had sent him formerly an Hat and a consecrated Sword which they use to bless upon Christmas-Eve at night laying them upon the Altar where they say Mass And farther they recollected that upon Henries death Isabella was like to be Queen whereby they could procure no favour or benefit to themselves by opposing her peaceable desires Upon these considerations they consented to an Agreement so Articles are drawn up a Peace concluded on Donna Isabella is declared Princess of the c Las Asturias formerly of a larger extent is now ● little Province between Galicia Leon and Biscay lying upon the Cantabrian sea 'T is twofold Asturia de O●iedo and Astur de Santillana As the Heirs of England are called Princes of Wales and those of France les Dauphins so are those to the Crown of Castile call'd Princes of the Asturias Upon what occasion this ●hort Scheme may shew Alphonso XI had amongst other Children Henry a Bastard Earl of Trans●amara took the Kingdom from the Tyrant Pedro and stab'd him with his dagger he had John I. who had Henry III. Don Pedro el Cruel had amongst others a bastard call'd Constancia she was marryed to John of Gant Duke of Lancaster son to Edward III King of England Upon the death of Don Pedro sirnamed the Cruel though his bastard-Brother Henry II. seised upon the Crown and was acknowledged for King yet John of Gant Duke of Lancaster pretended the right to lye in him by reason of his Wife Constance and made some bustle about it Henry dying there succeeded his son John I. with whom and Lancaster a peace was concluded Lancaster to renounce all his Title to Castile and King John to marry his son Henry to Lancaster's Daughter Catherine which accordingly was accompish'd so both their pretensions united And for more honour Don Henry the young son was to be call'd Prince of the Asturias since which time the eldest sons of Castile were call'd Princes and the younger are titled Infantas This hapned about the year 1388. And so much by the way concerning the Title of Prince of Asturias yet do I finde Jehan Froissart who lived at this time to tell us that Henry was call'd Prince of Gallicia in his French Edition 1530. vol. 3. fol. 96. and fol. 143. In the old English Edition vol. 2. cap. 154. fol. 170. and cap. 176. fol. 214. Asturias and lawful Heir to the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon with their dependants What troubles hapned in Castile after this treaty being not considerable I shall pass over Donna Isabella now declared Heir several matches were consulted of but she secretly joyned her self with Don Fernando Prince of Girona and the eldest son living to John II King of Arragon At this marriage King Henry was greatly vext as being contrary to his desire and without his knowledge But at the long run the King becomes more pacified and at last a 1474. dying she succeeds as Queen of Castile and Leon although some busled for Joane the supposed Daughter of King Henry but she is generally thrown by as a bastard being begot of his Queen Joane by one Don Bertrand de la Cueva afterwards prefer'd for his kindness being created Earl of Ledesma Master of Santiago and Duke of Albuquerque As for Henry himself he is by all esteem'd as frigid and uncapable of such loves Not long after John II King of Arragon b 1479. dying that Kingdom was united to Castile by the fortunate former marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella Here might I descend into the troubles of Navar and tell how Don Carlos Prince of Viana took up Arms against his Father John King of Navar and Arragon Upon which quarrel began the great Factions of those of Beaumont and Grammont the first adhering to the Prince and the latter to the King and the feuds of these two potent Families was one of the main causes of the loss of Navar to the Spaniard those of Beaumont assisting Don Ferdinand in the conquest against their own King and Country Of which more hereafter In short the Prince being not able to keep the field withdrew himself to Naples for sometime thence returns endeavours new troubles upon which he is taken and secu●ed Upon this the Catalonians rebel and though Prince Carlos was set at liberty and c Some say he was poyson'd by his Step mother D. Joane to make way for he●●●son Ferdinando to the Crown of Arragon dyed presently after yet they continue their Treasons The people of Barcelona publickly declare King John an Enemy to his Country and so they would withdraw themselves from his obedience And the Catalonians sent to Henry IV. of Castile to desire him to take them under his protection they being resolved no more to obey the Crown of Arragon Don Henry accepts them so they set up the Banners of Castile At last after a tedious War they are vanquish'd forced to submit and King John giveth them all freely a pardon But of Spain more in the next Century A CONTINUATION OF THE REBELLIONS AND Treasonablepractices OF THE ROMANISTS Particularly in Spain Scotland and Ireland From the year MD. to MDC BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived 2. Pope Julius II. Sect. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived THe Conquest of Navar being acted suddenly we year 1500 shall make the story of it but very short At the beginning of this Century we finde John d'Albret or Don Juan de la Brit and Donna Catherina King and Queen of Navar which had boasted it self a Kingdom almost DCCC years Ferdinand II King of Arragon having by his marrying with Isabella Queen of Castile enlarged his Authority and Dominions as also by his banishing the Jews and subduing the Moores to him in Granado made his Government more secure cast many a greedy a Jo. de Bussieres lib. 15. § 16. Spondan an 1512. § 21. thought upon the seising the Kingdom of Navar and then all of Spain Portugal excepted would be his own At last opportunity good enough as he thought offer'd it self which was thus Pope Julius II. a zealous Hotspur falling out with Lewis XII King of France Fernando sides with the Pope and having rais'd an Army not onely demands passage for it through Albrets Territories but the command of his strongest Castles and Fortifications and which was most the possession and custody of Prince Henry eldest son to Navar
Germany dyed at Ratisbone 921 910 Lambert was slain by Hugo Earl of Milan as he was hunting or Regenspurg in December       Conrade Duke of Franconia came thus to the Empire After the death of Lewes the Nobily met and elected Otto or Otho Duke of Saxony but he being old desired to be excused and so recommended this Conrade to their choice and so was accordingly Crown'd at Aix by Hatto Archbishop of Mentz   912     This Conrade Otho dying a year after this Election was very jealous of Henry Duke of Saxony Son to the said Otto who got him the Empire and upon this suspition endeavour'd his ruine several times both privately and openly for which some censure him of ingratitude But at the last he made amends for all appointing this Henry his supposed Enemy to succeed him in the Empire   915 Berengarius formerly mentioned was now again declared and anoynted for lawful Emperour by Pope John the Eleventh or Tenth and so a § 3. Baronius before this year will not acknowledge him for a lawful Emperour with which exception I shall not trouble my self but let him and others like it as they please Henry the first sirnamed Auceps or the Fowler for his love of b Vid. Boecler p. 244. Birding Son to Otto Duke of Saxony thus got the Empire Conrade his enemy finding himself sick and neer his end throws by all his jealousie and interest assembled the Nobility together 920     and made a long Speech to them in commendation of this Henry whom he desired them to accept for Emperour after his death they consented to it onely Everard Brother to Conrade grieved a little that he was not the man but Conrade perswaded him to Patience Then causing the Sword Scepter Robes and the other Imperial Ensigns to be brought him he order'd his Brother Everard to carry them to Henry which he obey'd and lived a faithful Subject to Henry       This Emperour Henry used also an excellent piece of moderation Arnold Duke of Bavaria having by his many Rebellions much troubled the Empire Henry rais'd a great Army against him and both parties being ready to joyn battle Henry though half certain of a Conquest desired to speak with him and then to Arnold so laid open the wickedness of Rebellion with a promise of pardon and favour that Arnold presently submitted himself to him and lived ever after a faithful Subject to him   923 Rodulph Duke of Burgondy was call'd into Italy against Berengarius he went thither with a great Army and call'd himself King of Italy some call him Emperour     924 Berengarius was overcome by Rodolf and being in the City of Verona the onely place then left him he was murther'd by the treachery of one Flanbert whom this Berengarius had prefer'd a An. 924. § 1. Baronius saith that Berengarius was deservedly kill'd However Flambert was hanged for it by one Melo friend to Berengarius   926 Hugo Earl of Arles in Province was call'd into Italy by the Nobility against Rodulph and at Pavia was saluted King of Italy Upon which Rodolph left Italy and return'd into Burgondy of which he is call'd King Henry the Emperour perceiving himself neer death he commended his Son Otho to their choice   932 Arnold Duke of Bavaria intended to make himself King of Italy but Hugo in fight overcame him and so that design fail'd Otto or Otho sirnamed the Great the first of that name as they a Otherwise the Second if you reckon from julius Caesar the Eighth Roman Emperour being call'd Mar●us Silvius Otno commonly say and so we shall take him upon the death of his Father Henry was declared Emperour and accordingly Crown'd at Aken or Aix by Hiltibert or Hildebert by Pedro Mexia corruptly call'd Olderick a Narrative of all the Ceremonies of that great solemnity you may read in b Mogunt pag. 677 678 vid. Boecler p. 282 283 290 291. Nicholas Serarius 936     Lotharius Son to Hugo was by his Father at Pavia declared King of Italy and so they both ruled together Yet though thus he was declared acknowledged and Crowned for Emperour in Germany c Anno 962. § 1. Baronius will not allow   937 Rodulph dyed in Burgondy him that Title or Honour till above twenty years after that he had got his Consecration from or by the Pope viz. 962.       Henry his Brother rebell'd against him by the bad counsel of discontented a Eberard Everard and others and though he was several times pardoned yet he as often rebell'd but some say that at last submitted himself and acknowledged his fault and so obtain'd a full pardon   946 Hugo dyed in Province Luidolphus Eldest Son to Otto rebell'd also which was the occasion of great mischief but at last he also submitted the Emperour being on hunting Luidolph came to him bare-headed bare-footed kneel'd before him and with abundance of tears confessing his fault desired pardon which moved Otto so much that he commanded him to arise and with tears of joy forgave and restored him to all his former honours and so he continued obedient till his death some few years after       But the most implacable and dissembling enemy that the Emperour Otto had was Frederick Archbishop of Mentz   949 Lotharius Son to Hugo call'd King of Italy dyed in Italy     950 Berengarius the Second was call'd King of Italy       Albert or Adelbert Son to Berengarius was call'd King of Italy with his Father Of Otto's particular actions in Italy at his several times being there I shall not here inlarge     Against these two the Emperour Otto march'd into Italy and made them flee or submit OTTO   962 Otto that had formerly been call'd Emperour of Germany was in this year Crown'd and Consecrated Emperour in St. Peters Church at Rome by Pope John the Twelfth And thus he is acknowledged Emperour by both parties Baronius and others being so zealous that they will let the West want an Emperour for many years if n●t consecrated by his Holiness Thus we see the pretty whims and variations of Time and Pride by the too much easiness and credulity of the one side with the cheat of a terrible zeal on the other that whereas formerly a Pope could not be without the Emperours approbation the case is alter'd and forsooth a Caesar cannot Rule without the Popes Consecration As for Berengarius and his Son they were forced to yeild up their interest to a An. 964. Otho Though the b An. 965. next year after Adelbert or Albert the Son with the assistance of the Lombards made some opposition against the Emperour and for some three years held up his head by War In the mean time his Father Berengarius the Second b dyeth in Germany and was buried at c An. 966. Bamberg After which Albert was over-power'd by
from him our Holinshed I shall say nothing here to the killing of Duncan by Makpender Earl of Mercia nor of the imprisonment of Donald the putting out of his eyes and miserable death in prison because their Titles may be questioned Nor shall I travel more Northward and inlarge upon the g An. 1088. Murder of King Canute of Denmark whilst he was at his Devotions nor enter upon the more frozen parts to insist upon the treacherous end of Ingo the Fourth King of Scotland because Religion was not there in a setled condition Sect. 3. The clashing of Popes and the Emperours power over them at Elections BUt if I would trouble my self at the very Fountain of their Religion viz. Rome we might here shew that obedience yeilds place to sedition and how troubled their Champions are to finde out an Infallible and true Vicar Here might I tell at large how Platina and some others declare Pope Sylvester the Second to be a Magician and to have kept correspondence with the Devil though others at large Apologize for him nor shall I interest my self in the dispute Here could I amuze the honest Roman Catholick by telling him that Benedict the Ninth was once held for the Infallible Head of their Church and yet was but a a Baron an 1033. § 6. boy of ten or twelve years old And here might we puzzle their Succession and make them pump and invent Reasons for a true Pope when at the same time this Benedict said he was Pope Sylvester the Third assured the World that he was Christ's Vicar and also one John affirm'd that he was the onely man that was S. Peters true Successor and every one of these Popes had many Followers And to make up the wonder and number Gregory the Sixth with money hired these men to lay down the Cudgels and so made himself Pope also which Title and Honour he was over-perswaded to yeild up by a b Genebrard Cron. p. 865. Council and yet this man must be a true Pope and no way tainted with Simony and to him by the consent of the Emperour succeeded Clement the Second who being poysoned Benedict the Ninth the third time entred into the Papal Chair but the Emperour hearing of these troubles sent Poppo Bishop of Brescia to Rome who was chosen and succeeded as Pope though his Raign was but short But be it short or long their Authors are here in open War about the legality of his Rule c An. 1048. § 1. Baronius and some others making him legally elected and so a true Pope On the other hand Platina d Pag. 867. Genebrard and some others declare him to be an intruder and so no true Pope And what must be the foundation of his crime but because the Emperour had an interest in his promotion though if this Argument will hold any water they will quite break to pieces the Line of their Succession by throwing aside many Popes formerly elected or confirmed by Emperours and other secular Potentates But fight Dog fight Bear I shall not trouble my self to reconcile them Yet though they now seem so dapperly against the Temporal Authority it is not unworth the notice that no sooner was this Damasus first call'd Poppo dead but the Cardinals and other Romans sent into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to appoint them a new Pope who accordingly sent them Leo the Ninth and whatsoever they tell for excuse of Leo's changing his Opinion at the perswasion of Hildebrand is not much to the purpose since it appears that they durst not refuse him and Hildebrand's policy if true was but a meer trick and juggle And this practice will better appear by the next Vicar for no Platina sooner was Leo dead but the Clergy and others of Rome sent Hildebrand into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to give Baron an 1054. § 53. them a Pope who accordingly yeilded to grant them Victor the Second who by the Imperial Order was elected at Mentz and thence sent to Rome And thus humbly they behaved themselves to the Emperour that they might not offend him nor break their Oaths and Duty which they had made to him And something to this purpose we finde a little after for this Victor the Second and Stephanus the Ninth being dead some at Rome elected and declared for Pope Benedict the Tenth But the Chief of the Romans sent presently an excuse to the Emperour protesting that for their parts they would keep their Allegiance and not acknowledge any Coeffeteau p. 644 645. for Pope but whom he approved of and therefore desired him to send to Rome for Pope whom he pleased who accordingly sent them Nicholas the Second and so Benedict the Tenth was thrust from the Chair as not capable of that honour because he had intruded himself into that Dignity a Qui sine jussu Regis Principum Lamb. Schafnaburg Hist Germ. an 1059. Edict Francof 1583. Qui injussu Regis c. Edict Tubing 15. 33. without the approbation of the Emperour and other Princes But we need not trouble our selves here with many Examples of the secular Authority in the Popes Election having formerly in several other places as they fell in my way hinted at the practice and besides all at this very time they cannot but confess that the very Romans yeilded up their interest in the Election of Popes Genebrard pag. 866. Coqnaeus p. 505. Sigebert an 1046. and gave it to the Emperour and which is more both in Gregory the Sixth's time and Clement the Second his time ingaged themselves by Oath to the Emperour never to chuse or consecrate any for Pope but whom he should approve of and consent to CHAP. II. The troubles and deposing of the Emperour Henry the Fourth by the pride of Pope Gregory the Seventh and other Incendiaries SHould I trouble my self to reconcile all the exceptions that might belong to this Chapter I should be Voluminous to a wonder and possibly not satisfie the Reader But to leave such Disputes in short the question is betwixt the Emperour Henry the Fourth and Pope Gregory the Seventh which of them was in the right and which to blame though one may affirm without offence that both of them had their faults yet Goldastus and from him of late Father a Remonst Hybern part 2. p. 89 90 c. part 5. p. 1 2 c. Caron hath taken a great deal of pains to vindicate the Emperour whilst Gretserus is as large in his several Apologies for the Pope whither I shall refer the curious for farther satisfaction And it was no small misery to Christendom that the Emperour being very young the Popes acted what they pleas'd without controul though at last they drive on so furiously that instead of making the Empire happy by tranquillity they procured its ruine by fomenting new troubles and rebellions For whereas formerly the Emperours had the main hand in making Popes and the
of Hungary what dissentions Bzov. 1327. Spond 1330 and broyls that Kingdom was troubled withal by the Popes intermedling with their affairs betwixt whom and the Natives there was no small strife whether they or he should nominate the King What great danger their King Charles I. was in by the treason of one Felicianus who entred the Presence-Chamber draweth his Sword wounds the King cuts off four of the Queens fingers and if he had not been slain by Johannes Palochus had designed to have murdred the King Queen and their Children And from him might I go to Charles II who Lewes I. dying and leaving his Eldest Daughter Mary for Queen by the instigation of some Nobles cometh from Naples and thrust her from the Throne Nor did his injoy this honour long for Elizabeth the Widow of Lewes and Mother to Mary takes her opportunity and invites him to a private meeting where he was slain or poysoned in revenge of which Johannes Banus de Horvath hath the Heads of the Assassinates cut off and Elizabeth drowned in the next River and had proceeded against Mary too but that he was terrified by the approach of Sigismond Marquess of Brandeberg her Husband with a great Army to her relief Which Sigismund was then made King of Hungary and was after that Emperour of Germany CHAP. V. 1. The deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England 2. The deposing and death of King Richard the Second 3. The grand dispute and troubles amongst the Cordeliers concerning the trifling and childish Questions of the largeness of their Capuchin or Hood and the usage and right of the Bread and meat which they eat Sect. 1. The Deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England BUt leaving these mischiefs abroad if we look at home we shall not finde England better or more Christian yet as much Roman Catholick as their Neighbours Here now ruleth Edward II sirnamed of Carnarvan in Wales the place of his birth and son to Edward I. A Prince too apt to be abused by his self-ended Courtiers and as the Nation thought too much complying to the Dictates of the Spencers by which means he obtain'd the displeasure of some of the people and which was more several of the Bishops turn'd his Enemies but which was most of all his own Queen Isabel Daughter to Philip le Bel King of France was his greatest Enemy and made it her whole business to procure his deposition and ruine And to make the way more easie for this their wicked design they had spread abroad that Pope John XXII had a Bzov. an 1326. § 10. Spond § 3. absolved all the English of their Allegiance to their King Edward A brave World and Faith that people should be so Antichristian as to think the Pope had really any such power but when the Bishops of Rome had the Impudence to affirm as much well might the simple people be gull'd and cheated by such Popes and such a faith to any Villany or Rebellion The Nation thus abused the King was not able to defend himself whereupon the Queen and the rest march boldly to Oxford where Adam de Orlton Bishop of Hereford preacheth to them a Comfortable but wicked Sermon taking this for his Text My head grieveth me From which words he declared to them that a bad King ought to be removed though by the same rule his head ought to be cut off for aking From thence they marched to London where they were joyfully received and a Parliament being held King Edward II is judged unfit for the rule and so declared deposed and his Eldest Son Edward III the Father being at last forced to consent made King the Archbishop of Canterbury making a Sermon as bad as the former from these words Vox Populi vox Dei When the King had thus been forced to resign being a close Prisoner some Lords and others being sent down to him at Kenilworth Castle to procure his resignation S. William Trussel Knight and Speaker to the Parliament thus bespake the King I William Trussel in name of all men of the Lond of Englond Trev●sa 17. cap. 43. and of alle the Parlement Procuratour I resigne to the Edwarde the homage that was made to the somtyme And from this time forthward I dyffye the and a Deprive pryve the of all Royal Power and I shall never be tendaunt to the as for Kynge ofter this time And then Sir Thomas Blunt Steward of the Kings Houshold brake his white Rod resigned his Office and thereby signified that the Kings Houshold had free liberty to depart and serve Edward no more King Edward II being thus deprived of his Dominions Isabel Tho. de la Moore Hist de vita Mor●e Eaw II. Jo Stow's Chron. Galfrid le Bak●r de Swynabroke c●er de v● a morte Regum Edwardorum I. II. fol. 107. Manuscript Cod. XL super A. B. A●t in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. his Queen who is thought to hate him mortally thinks he is too well used at Kenilworth Castle by Henry Earl of Leicester his Kinsman and therefore with the advice of the Bishop of Hereford he is thence removed and delivered to the custody of Sir Thomas Gurney and Sir John Maltravers his mortal Enemies who convey him to Corf-Castle thence to Bristol and so to Barkly Castle In which private journeys the King indured all manner of ignominy and scorn by these two villanous Knights as they made him ride bare-headed would scarce allow him any sleep or victuals and contradicted and cross'd him in every thing One time Gurney made him a Crown of Hay and put it on his Head and crying with the rest Tprut avant Syr King and Fare forth Syr King i e. go on Another time they would shave as well the hair of his head as his Beard for which purpose they made him light from his jaded Horse set him on a Mole-hill took water out of a Ditch close by saying that should serve for that time which so overwhelmed the King with grief that he told them That would they nould they he would have warm water for his head and so at their inhumanity began to weep and shed tears plentifully And when he was a Prisoner in Barkly Castle they used him much after the same way though Thomas Barkley then Lord of the place greatly pittyed his sad condition wishing it in his power to redress it At last Queen Isabel and her sure friend in mischief Adam de Orlton upon advice thought it best to have him taken out of the world whereupon they chid his keepers for keeping him so delicately and gave hints enough to discover their meaning but the most cunning of all was the direction which the crafty Bishop of Hereford sent down to them in these words Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To kill Edward will not to fear it is good Or thus rendred into verse by Stow To seek to shed King
  4 1414 9 21 5   5 1415 ● 22 ● ● To break this Schism of three Popes at a time a Council is held at Constance where Gregory deprives himself and John with much ado is overperswaded to deliver up his Pope dom but Benedict would by no means submit yet he is there declared ●●● Pope and so the Council elects Martin V. 6 1416   23     Emperours A. C. Popes Popes   7 1417 Martin V. 24   8 1418 2 25   9 1419 3 26   10 1420 4 27   11 1421 5 28   12 1422 6 29   13 1423 7 30   14 1424 8 i Clement VIII i Benedict * Some say he was poyoned see Grimstons History of Spain l. 18. p. 687 688 XI dying in Spain the Cardinals there of his Faction chose for Pope this Clement VIII But at the four years end seeing he could not m●ke good his party he quietly yeilded up his Pontifical name and honour 15 1425 9 12   16 1426 10 3   17 1427 11 4   18 1428 12     19 1429 13     20 1430 14     21 1431 k Engenius IV.   k A Council being held at Basil Eugenius took distaste at them calls another at Ferrara which he removes to Florence declares that to be none at Basil Against this the Council of Basil protests declares the Pope to have no power to dissolve or remove that Council and that a Council is above the Pope lay several Accusations against Eugenius and so pronounce him deposed and no Pope in whose stead they elect Felix IV. But Eugenius would not obey this ranted as much against them and Felix and created XXVII Cardinals 22 1432 2     23 1433 2     24 1434 4     25 1435 5     26 1436 6     27 1437 7     Albertus II. 1438 8     2 1439 9 Felix IV l Felix was formerly Duke of Savoy and had many that adher'd to him and several stood Neuters he created XXIV Cardinals Frederick III. 1440 10 2   2 1441 11 3   3 1442 12 4   4 1443 13 5   5 1444 14 6   6 1445 15 7   7 1446 16 8   8 1447 Nicolas V. 9   9 1448 2 ● ● Felix upon the earnest intreaty of the Emperour Frederick III and other reasons resigned up all his interest to the Popedom and so Nicolas V remain'd sole Pope and thus this Schism ended 10 1449 3     11 1450 4     By this Schism or Schisms which continued so many years Christendom received much detriment each Party and Faction maintaining it self with all earnestness Vrban VI to strengthen himself because Joan I. Queen of Naples a lover of change adher'd to Clement pronounceth her deposed from her Kingdom which he gives to Charles Durazzo To counterpoise this Joan by the counsel of Clement declares Lewes Duke of Anjou Heir to the Kingdom and Pope Martin V confirm'd it afterwards which increas'd the trouble But in brief Durazzo proves too strong enters Naples seized upon Queen Joan and caused her to be hanged And with that severity did Vrban persecute those of whom he was any way jealous that he took * Platin. p. 270. five Cardinals had them tyed up in sacks and so thrown into the Sea but others tell worse things of him Nay so zealous were the people of those days for Schism that neither the Councils of Constance or Basil could presently end this disturbance for what Pope soever they nominate or approve of falleth presently out again with them concerning whose Authority is greatest the Councils or the Popes they declaring themselves to be above the Bishops of Rome whilst on the other side his Holiness pronounceth himself above all And these disputes went so far till at last it came to an equal Muster Felix and the Council of Basil against Eugenius and the Council of Florence so that either party was back'd with a Pope and Council As for the Council of Constance I may fancy that they took no great care for the preservation of Kings since they decreed onely this that it was not lawful to kill Tyrants with this knavish condition Without the command or sentence of a Judge yet this Council and so did Basil declare it self above the Pope and that he ought to be obedient to a Council yet will not all the Romanists believe this though thus decreed by a lawful Council as they say for if this be not legal how can Martin V be a true Pope being set up and chosen by it and if he fail there cannot have been a true one since And besides this we may suppose that there hath been a notable jumbling of Cardinals when in this very Schism there was about two hundred created besides those who were made by Martin V and Nicolas V. But though this Schism was some trouble to Christianity yet the succession of the Emperours went peacebly on onely Wenceslaus was deposed for his vitious life as if the troubles of the Popes were the peace of the Empire and at these times probably the Popes are too busily imploy'd to disturb the German Government As for the Council of Basil Aeneas Sylvius afterwards Pope Pius II hath wrote much in its vindication But when he came to be Pope he changed his note and declared against his former writings decreeing that the Pope is above a Council thus Interest can work Miracles but for his unconstancie he is pointed at by this Proverb What Aeneas approves of that Pius condemns And Quod Aeneas probavit P●us damnavit to this Proverb which others made of him we will add this saying of the Clergy a Sacerdoti●us magna ratione sublatas Nuptias majori restituendas videri Platin edit Antiqu Mariage hath been for great reason taken away from Priests but yet for greater it ought to be restored to them After Pius sat in the Roman Chair Paulus II such an Enemy was he to all good Learning that b Humanitatis autem studia ita oderat contemnebat ut ●jus studiosos uno nomine Haereticos appellaret Hanc ob rem Romanos adhortabatur ne filios diutius in studiis litterarum paterentur satis esse si legere scribere didicissent Plat. p. 340. Is enim nec literatur nec moribus probatus Volaterran lib. 2. fol. 259. Platina tells us he used to call Scholars Hereticks and the better to carry on his design of Ignorance he perswaded the Romans from bringing up their children in Learning to write and read being knowledge enough He would have been an excellent companion for the Emperour c Suetor in vita D●mit § 10. Domitian that banish'd all Learned men and had one kill'd for making a Map of the World yet if in this he came not near him enough he might for greediness of money for which in his time at Rome all Church-preferments were publickly
the famous Cardinal Ximenes whilst he govern'd those Dominions This great Minister of State of the Family of the Cisneres was first Christned Alfonso which afterwards in his Cloyster he changed to Francis being a Franciscan by Order first he studyed at Alcaela de Henares then read the Laws at Salamanca for some time acted as an Advocate in the Court of Rome In short he grew so famous for his learning and integrity that he rose to be Archbishop of Toledo got a Cardinals Hat and the Government of all Spain to be in his hands This Grandeur from a mean beginning procured him no small envy and ill-will from many of the Nobility but he kept his ground nor would he lose an inch of his Authority he was civil where he met with civility but was so great a friend to Justice that he would not let the Laws be like Spiders webs for he made no distinction the greatest Grandee lying as open to Chastisement as the meanest Vassal It would be too tedious to relate how he reduced the revolted Moores in Granada how he conquer'd Mersalcabir and Oran in Africa the latter of which they say was not acted without some miracles as how a Cross appear'd to them at their landing and that the Sun stood still for above four hours as an Assistant and Spectator of their Victory At home he was ever now and anon allarm'd with Conspiracies and Seditions but still he was himself undaunted and victorious One of the first who flew out was Don Pedro Portocarrero brother to the Duke Del Escalona who made some disturbance to make himself Grand Master of St. Jago but this uproar the Cardinal over-topt The next was more formidable the Ring-leader being Don Pedro Giron eldest son to the Earl Vregna who by force of Arms would seise upon the Dukedom of Medina Sidonia and in this he was seconded by many of the chief Nobility But this was also quell'd by the prudence of out Cardinal But that which threatned him most was the insurrections of Valladolid and the other chief Cities in Old Castile perswaded to this Revolt by many of the Nobles I so zealous were they that they mounted their Cannons fortified themselves crying along the streets This is against Ximenes the peoples Tyrant But this faction he also over-topt yet he is not quiet for those of Malaga mutiny beat out the Judges and the Admiralty fortifie themselves mount their Cannon making one piece bigger then all the rest with these words Ingraven on it Malacitanae libertatis Assertores F. C. The Defenders of the Malaquins liberty have caused this Gun to be made This he also supprest as he did the Sedition of D. John Velasques of Cuellor who would right or wrong keep the Town or Arevalo Nor did it fare any better with those Noblemen who had affronted the Cardinal and violated all justice in Villefratre and the Duke of Alva's contention for the Priory of St. John of Hierusalem came little better off being conquer'd and forced to submit In short this great Cardinal held up his head against all opposition and the better to strengthen his Authority he first rais'd in Spain the Train-bands consisting of above thirty thousand substantial house-holders all which he had ready at a small warning And though many dependants of the Nobility who must follow their Lords Example hated him yet never was there any favorite in all Spain better beloved then he by the generality of people such was his impartiality to Justice Charity to the Poor and care for the well-fare and honour of his Master and his Dominions One time some of the discontented Nobility desired to know by what right he acted as he did the Cardinal replyed By the will and power of his Catholick Majesty This not satisfying he shew'd them his Guards then shewing his Franciscan Girdle and k●acking his Fingers added This is enough to tame the proudest Vassals And lastly the better to inform their curiosity he order'd a Train of Artillery to be discharged concluding This is the power by which I do and will govern Spain until the Prince our Lord come to take the charge of it himself And in this he was as good as his word King Charles arrived in the Asturias in a 1517. September and the Cardinal dyed in November alter not without a grand suspition of poyson he was bu●yed at Alcala de Henares where he had built an excellent Colledge and where to his immortal honour and vast expenses he had caused his Biblia Complutensia to be printed in diverse Languages as Hebrew Caldee Greek and Laetine to accomplish which he had procured many Copies from the Vatican and hired many excellent Linguists from sundry places And thus much in short of this great Cardinal of whom you may see more in Alvaro Gomez and Michael Baudier the first having writ his life at large in Latine and the other in French who in him endeavours to pattern out an exact Minister of State to the great Cardinal de Richelieu Nor doth envie it self finde any fault in him but that some fancie him to be one too lofty and one that could not brook an opposition qualifications which some think agreeable enough with a Governour But leaving him though I could say no less seeing he was Prud. de Sand val Hist del Carlos V. part 1. lib. 6. Ja. Wadsw●●th such a grand Patron to Learning let us take a view of a more formidable Rebellion In Spain we finde ruling Don Carlos I. a young Prince not well acquainted with the Kingdom having been brought up in Flanders he was born there in Gendt 1500. where the Flemings had so inveagled themselves into his favour that at his coming into Spain for the Crown they ruled all as they pleas'd and got the chiefest Preferments and places for themselves to the no small grief and trouble of the Natives Of the Forraigners Guillermo de Crouy Lord of Xeures or Cheures Duke of Sora in Naples and of Arschot in Brabant was the chiefest favourite and indeed sway'd the King and Kingdom as he pleas'd and in his actions was so partial and covetous that he became abominable to the Spaniards who for his faults lessen'd their Affection and Loyalty to their King And here by the way take one merry and instructive story of a favourite A Petitioner having presented this Xeures with an handsome Mule with rich Furniture that his desire might be the sooner granted Xeures being asked presently by another Gentleman where he had got that curious Beast replyed He knew not The poor Petitioner being by and seeing himself so soon forgotten and so his business neglected went his ways and orders his Mule to be cryed declaring all her Marks and Furniture Which the other Gentleman hearing went presently and told Xeures that according to the Marks it must needs be that this Mule had been stoln by which device the poor Petitioner recovered his Mule which he had given before to small