Vrbain granted it to all Kings Princes Noblemen and gentlemen not onely in places of their foundations but in all other places yea in those countries which they should conquer from the Moores whereof the Noble houses of Spaine as well as in other places haue made their profit yea in high Nauarre and Biscay All these permisions and faculties to enioy as they cal them the spirituall goods of the church the Pope granted to incourage men to make warre against the Infidels not so much for to make them desirous to become Christians as to stay them and repulse them fearing they should come and trouble the commodities of the Romane church which were great in those daies and since D. Alphonso the Braue Castille Emperor of Spaine as hee is intitled in the instrumental letters giuing about that time faculty to the Abbot Fortun to build a towne about the Monastery of Saint Dominike of Silos Beginning of the towne of Saint Dominike of Silos for the great wonders which Christ did vnto the Christians which implored the aide of this Saint such be the words of the letters cited by Garibay in the yeere 1095. This towne in our time is come into the possession of the Duke of Frias Constable of Castille The same King re-edefied nere vnto Toledo and to the castle of Saint Seruant the monastery of Saint Seruant and Saint Germain of the order of Saint Benet which had bin a house belonging to the same order indowed it with great reuenues The name of the Bishop of S. Iames called vntil that time Irienses was changed they were called of Compostella by Buls from Pope Vrbain the 2. The first Bishop which caried this title Bishop of Saint Iaques exempt from all subiection but of the Pope was Dalmichius a religious man of the order of Clugny it was also granted to that church that from thence-forth they should bee no more vnder the Archbishop of Braga as that of Iria had bin but should immediatly acknowledge the holy Apostolike Sea of Rome The Episcopal seat of Oca was changed by the same Pope Vrbain to Bourgos Bourgos made a Bishâ—prike the chiefe city of Castille with the same preuiledge and exemption not to acknowledge any but the Sea of Rome immediatly yet some say it had bin done long before and that it was only a confirmation which Pope Vrbain the 2. made D. Pedro King of Nauar did for his part giue bountifully vnto churches The writers of the Spanish history make mention of a holy man called Lesmes a Frenchman borne dwelling at Bourgos but they make no particular relation of his Holinesse Nauarre The country of Nauarre being spoiled by grashopers and caterpillers the Nauarrois had recourse to the holy father at Rome bewayling their calamities and intreating him to be a means to pacefie the wrath of God The Pope by the aduice of the Consistory of Cardinals sent the Bishop of Ostia called Gregory who let them vnderstand that it was for their sins the which it may bee D. Pedro de Roda bishop of Pampelone and their other pastors had not told them or else could not perswade them that it was the cause of their affliction This Bishop of Ostia was beleeued and therefore after some amendment amongst the people of Nauarre this scourge of gras-hoppers and caterpillers ceased Herevpon this Gregory of Ostia was held a Saint by them and is at this day the patron and protector of Vignes and fruites Gregory Bishop of Ostia made the Protâ—ctor of vâ—gnes and fruits in Spaine against caterpillers and other such vermine in Spaine Saint Dominike called de la Calçada was his disciple who liued long in the country neere vnto Nauarre foure leagues from Nagera receiuing strang pilgrimes which came from diuers partes of Europe to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames. This Saint Gregory died afterwards at Logrogno and is buried at Beruesa in Nauarre where as the history saies the Christians which recommended themselues vnto him are cured of many infirmities In the same season 1098. was instituted the order of Cisteaux in the Diocese of Chalon in Bourgongne by one named Robert This order was augmented since by Saint Bernard who entring into it about the two and twentith yeere of his age did so well as in lesse then 36. yeeres hee erected 16. Abbaies of his Order These were the exercises of religion in those daies to the which the great deuotion of Princes and people did mooue all Kingdomes States Prouinces Townes and in a manner all priuate families In the yeere 1100. Castille died D. Raymond of Bourgongne Earle of Galicia sonne in law to King D. Alphonso the Braue An. 1100. leauing one sonne by D. Vrraca his wife called D. Alphonso Raymond who was bred vp by the Earle D. Pedro Traua and came afterwards to raigne in Castille and Leon. 20. Moores The same yeere their died at Maroc Ioseph Aben-Tefin or Texifien Miralmumin or Emperor of the Arabians in Affrike and Spaine hauing raigned 32. yeeres to whom Ali Aben-Tefin his son succeeded This new King Ali desirous to win honor by armes past soon after his comming to the crowne into Spaine with a great power of Almorauides Affricans and hauing made some stay in Andalusia to ioyne the Moores of Spaine vnto his army hee entred the territory of Toledo where the King D. Alphonso made then his residence being old ful of infirmities therefore vnfit to make head against this Barbarian who was yong and full of ambition to inlarge the country conquered by his father yet hauing called his Nobility together in time if they had beene well led he commanded D. Sancho his sonne to fall forth against this army of Moores being a Prince of a great courage and too desirous to fight beeing accompanied by D. Garcia de Cabra and other Earles and Noblemen of Castille who hauing incountred the enemy nere vnto Voles Christians defeated by the Moores and D. Sarchâ— heire of Castille stâ—ine they gaue them battaile but they were defeated and put all to rout The Infant D. Sancho the Earle D. Garcia and other great personages were slaine vpon the place so as the Moores had meanes to ouer-run and spoile the country at their pleasures they tooke many places and forts which the King could not preuent nor make any resistance who was exceeding heauy and sorrowfull for the losse of this battaile but especially for the death of his sonne and onely heire Hee did much blame many captaines which had escaped that day for that they had so rashly ioyned in battaile but this was no meanes to cure the disease This route was the more vnseasonable for that his sonne in law Raymond of Tolouse and Saint Gyles a valiant Commander in the warre by whom hee might haue beene much eased was then absent in Syria where hee died a while after leauing three sonnes Bertrand William and Alphonso Iordain which were all Earles of Tolouseâ—
and had a Lieutenant called Raderigo Pelaes a wise Knight About that time died D. Roderigo Gomes sonne to Don Gomes of Candespina one of the greatest Noblemen in Castile whose Tombe is yet to be seene in the Cloyster of Saint Sauuiour of Ogna and the towne of Surâ—ta was peopled with Christians Musarabes which came out of Calatajub Sarragossa and other parts of Arragon The Earle Don Raymond Berenger sought all meanes possible to seaze vppon Nauarre Arragon so desirous he was to ioyne it vnto Arragon importuning the Emperour Don Alphonso continually to declare himselfe an open enemie to D. Sancho so as in the yeare 1156. 1156. there was a new League made betwixt them to vndertake this warre where among other Articles for the better fortifying of their friendship there was a future marriage concluded betwixt Don Raymond the young Infant of Arragon who was afterwards called Don Alphonso and D. Sancho daughter to the Emperour Don Alphonso by his second wife Dona Rica daughter to Vladislaus king of Pologne whom he had married in the yeare 1151. yet they could neuer perswade the Emperour Don Alphonso to hurt the king of Nauarre whom he loued but rather assisted him vnderhand The same League was renued at Toledo in the yeare 1157. after Don Raymonds returne out of Prouence The occasion of which voyage was to defend his Nephew heire to his Brother Don Berenerg Raymond who beeing in a manner dispossest of his Estate by the enemies of their house which had slaine his father in an incounter had need of his ayde Hee repulsed the young Earles enemies assured his Estates and brought him into Cattelogne there to bee brought vp And for that in those troubles of Prouence the Knights and Commanders of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem who were growne mercenarie in these Christian warres did intermeddle hee gaue them large reuenues in Cattelogne After the renewing of this League we find no mention of any worthie act done by this earle but that hee debaucht some faithlesse and trecherous Knights which fled out of Nauarre and Arragon yea one of the greatest called Garcia Almorauit who came vnto him to Lerida and there made himselfe his vassall and receiued from the Earle the title of Lord of Ronceuaux Vrros and Obanos which were not in his power wherefore it is to be presumed that from that time hee sought to gouerne his Estates peaceably seeing he could not get the Crowne of Nauarre and with this desire he ended his dayes after all his vaine attempts against this Kingdome Soone after this last assembly at Toledo the king of Castile was ingaged in warre against the Moores of Andalusia which made him perchance neglect that of Nauarre besides He did not greatly affect it 19 The troubles of Affricke beeing past as we haue sayd Moores Abdelmon established Miralmumin of the Arabians and the Almohades in credit by the ruine of the Almorauides The Preacher Almohadi would also haue the Moores of Spaine submit themselues to this yoake wherefore leauing Aben Thumert the Astrologian at Maroc hee past with Abdelmon into Spaine with great numbers of souldiers beeing puft vp with pride by their late victorie against their enemies They found no great resistance there for the pettie Kings and Gouernors of Prouinces and townes in Spaine beeing prest by the Christians and too weake to make head against them seeing the race of the Almorauides of Affricke extinct from whom they might haue expected some succors they sought nothing more then support to maintaine themselues in their authoritie and greatnesse Change of Religion among the Arabians in Spaine which is most commonly the chiefe god of great men of this world and therefore as men which regarded not Religion but for a colour and for their owne priuate commodities so as leauing the interpretation of the Alcaron they embraced the new doctrine of Almohadi without any opposition thinking to preserue themselues by that meanes And as this Impostor did vomit foorth greater blasphemies and impieties then his Predecessors had done against the true Religion they became violent and furious persecutors of the Christians so as the poore Musarabes who had had some peace of conscience liuing among the Moores and had there exercised their religion without any violence done vnto them for many yeares were in great perplexitie beeing now persecuted by these new Sectaries of Almohadi both in their persons and goods with all kind of rigor for that they would not yeeld to their superstitions so as either by the reuolts or by death or by the continuall flying away of these poore people all the townes of Spaine which were held by the Moores were vnpeopled of Christians Chrisâ—ians persecuted by the Moâ—â—es in Spaine who for aboue 400. yeares had preserued themselues inuoking though with little knowledge the name of Iesus Christ. The gouernement of the Almohades in Spaine continued in Abdelmon and his successors 52. yeares vntill that notable battle in the fields of Tholousa called by another name of the mountaines of Muradal or of Vbeda Abdelmon hauing aspired to that which he pretended held his royall seate in the cittie of Maroc and shewed himself a profitable Prince and pleasing to the Mores notwithstanding that he was a Potters sonne and for his chiefe Councellors the Astrologian Aben Thumert and the Preacher Almohadi who dying within few months after this conquest was by the commandement of King Abdelmon buried with pompe and royall honours in a sumptuous Tombe neare vnto the cittie of Maroc whereas since the foolish multitude holding him to be some great Prophet and a messenger of God made prayers and vowes in all their necessities as amongst the Christians they had recourse vpon all occasions to the sepulchers either true or fained of Apostles holy Confessors and Marryrs of the name of Iesus Christ. This passage of the Almohades bred a great alteration in Spaine whereas many Moores which held their countries in fee and homage of Christian Princes reuolted The Emperour D. Alphonso led first an armie of Christians against this new Estate Castile Death of the Emperor D. Alphonso in the yeare 1157. beeing accompanied by his two sons D. Sancho and D. Fernand who had the titles of Kings in Andalusia he recouered the towne of Baeça which had beene lost and tooke Quesada and Andujar But he did not long enioy this victorie with his subiects for bringing backe his armie towards Toledo hee fell suddenly sicke the which as he past the mountaine or streight of Muradal did so increase as hee was forced to light at a place called Fresnedas where he dyed in the armes of D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo and of his sonne D. Fernand D. Sancho remayning behind to guard those places which he had newly conquered Hee was a worthie Prince but too ambitious a great fauourer and benefactor of the Clergie a friend to the people and a seuere punisher of the insolencies of great men of whom the Spaniards write this
not long for the King of Castile beeing incensed that the Cardinal by the Apostolike Authoritie had disanulled the sentences which hee had giuen against his brother D. Henry and other Noblemen and Knights of Castile hee brake it soone after And this yeere 1361. An. 1361. to the end he might not forget any thing that might proue himself inhumaine aboue all men he caused his wife D. Blanche of Bourbon to be slaine beeing kept in prison at Medina Sidonia but it was by poison whose body was afterwards carried away by the French who vpon this occasion entred into Castile in fauour of the Earle D. Henry and she was buried at Tudela in Nauarre Murther of Queene â—â—aach by the commandement of the King of Castile her husband Soone after the death of this miserable Princesse Donna Maria of Padilla died at Seuile by whom the King had one sonne called D. Alphonso and three daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and D. Isabel the King did her royall honours and afterwards declared that hee had married her producing witnesses of great authority They say that she by her wisdome and discreet perswasions did many times diuert the King from great effusions of bloud This King D. Pedro had by an other Lady called D. Isabel two other sonnes D. Sancho and D. Diego who are interred in the Monastery of Saint Dominike the Royall at Toledo And moreouer being fallne in loue with a gentlewoman which did serue Queene Mary his mother called Donna Theresa of Ayala beeing exceeding faire and not able to winne her but by a promise of marriage hee plighted his faith vnto her and had by her one daughter called Donna Maria notwithstanding this Donna Theresa became a Nunne in the Monastery of Saint Dominike thus did the King D. Pedro in all sorts abuse the lawes The King of Castile before he would assaile him of Arragon had a great desire to fall vpon the Moores of Granado who were then in great combustion amongst themselues and who had fauored the Arragon partie during the last warres 13 To shew their Estate wee say that after the death of King D. Alphonso before Gibraltar Moores they had peace with Castile for that the King D. Pedro following his priuat passions and thirsting after the bloud of his Nobility yea and his owne hee was continually busie killing and murthering men and women of all sorts and degrees throughout his Realme not regarding the warre against the Moores but made a truce with Ioseph King of Granado This King had some time after receiued D. Iohn de la Cerde sonne to D. Lewis into Granado being sonne in law to D. Alphonso Fernandes Cornel and had giuen him meanes to passe into Affrike where hee was an actor in the vnnaturall and bloudy quarrels betwixt Albohacen King of Maroc and his sonne Alboanen taking the sonnes part against the father where hee made proofe of his vertue and valour giuing a notable defeat vnto King Albohacen and hee had beene happie if hee had not gone from thence into Spaine where hee ended his daies miserably King Ioseph thinking to bee at peace within his Realme found himselfe plunged in sedition and conspiracies made against him by his owne subiects whereof an vncle of his called Mahomad or Mahumet was the chiefe who beeing desirous to raigne caused him to bee slaine in the yeere of our Lord 1354. the one and twentith of his reigne and of the Arabians seuen hundred thirty and seuen Mahomad Lagus the eight King of Granado THis Mahomad or Mahumet surnamed Lagus which is as much to say as the old succeeded by this murther in the Kingdom of Granado he was brother to King Ismael of whom wee haue made mention and soone to Ferrachen Gouernor of Malaga and held his Estate with great trouble and difficulty for besides that the Arabians are by nature inconstant and enemies to rest it was then the custome in Granado and hath alwaies beene but the Kings haue beene instituted maintained or reiected at the will of the knights Granadins and of some gouernors of chiefe places as of Malaga Almery Baça and Gâ—adix some times raysing one some times an other and reiecting and killing them according to their passions and priuate interests This King Mahomad already old beeing in possession of the Realme of Granado hee entertained the friendship of Don Pedro King of Castile whom hee furnished with foure gallies well appointed to ioyne vnto his army when as he went in person before Barcelona as we haue said But it happened that in the yeere 1360. some Knights and captaines Moores finding themselues ill intreated and little fauored by King Mahomad the old they had intelligence with an other Mahumet called Vermeil or Aben Alhamar who descended as hee said from the first Kings of Granado and wrought so with the aide of the children of Ozmin and especially with him who was called Ezdriz Aben Balua as being seized vpon the fort and castle of Alhambra they chased away Mahumet the Old and raised Vermeil in his place so called for that his face was very red and they did not onely dispossesse Lagus of the city of Granado but of most of the strong places of the country to the which they were the more imbouldned seeing D. Pedro King of Castile very busie in the warres Arragon The King thus dispossest retired to Ronda then held by the King of Maroc or Fez and there kept himselfe for a time so as at that time in the country of Granado there raigned three Kings Moores Three Kings in Granado that is this King dispossessed who held yet some places King Mahumet Aben Alhamar and Alboanen King of Fez who also enioyed some townes in Andalusia King Vermeil fearing that his aduersary Mahumet the Old would finde aide in Castile to bee restored and finding himselfe vnable to resist the King D. Pedro he ioyned with Arragon and sought friendship and support there the which hee obtained so as when the Arragonois prest their enemies in Castile the king of the Moores ran into Andalusia and the country of Murcia Notwithstanding Mahumet the Vermeil sought afterwards to assure himselfe of the King of Castile by some accord from whom he obtained a truce and they were friends in shew but the King D. Pedro concealed his spleene vntill a fit oportunity as one that did neuer forget an iniury The Moore being wel informed of his disposition did not greatly trust him and therefore hee sought to draw Alboanen King of Maroc into a league whereof the Affrican King excused himself for that hee was in league with the King of Castile and much bound vnto him neither could the King of Granados perswasions preuaile that ioyning with him and the King of Arragon they might soone ruine the King of Castile but nothing could alter the King of Maroc but he continued firme in the friendship of Castile from whence he had been aided with some gallies and soldiers in his conquests and warre against
confiscate by the Emperour and giuen to captayne Ambulodâ— The Castle of Beoyuia was of verie great importance for the French that would make warre in Spaine for it is the onely passage by the which they may bring artillerie into Guipuscoa notwithstanding beeing very ill aduised they resolued for the sparing of men and money to ruine it which captaine Beaufils hauing begunne by the commaundement of the Earle of Lude in few dayes hee sapt and vndermined the walles at the foote the which hee vnderpropt with piles which were made hollow and filled with poulder with an intent to giue fire to it and to ouerthrow all the which he hauing done very secretly as he thought it was notwithstanding discouered by one of his owne gunners called great Iohn of Liborne who for some question hee had had with a souldier was retired to the Spaniards and had reuealed this businesse to D. Lewis de la Cuena brother to the generall D. Bertrand wherefore a great number of men of those vallies being all souldiers did presently assemble and were sodainly led by the said commaunder against this castle euen as the French hauing drawne forth their Artillerie and all that was within it Beoyuia a caâ—ilâ— of great importance abandoned by the French did abandon it and hauing already kindled certayne matches to conduct the fire to the poulder and pillars which supported the walles which the Spaniards preuented with great diligence quenching these matches and so preserued the Castle whose walles they did repaire rampire vp and fortifie againe and as a matter of great moment could keepe it well Ochus of Asua was made captayne of that Castle with an hundred souldiers The French finding their owne errour sought afterwards to recouer it there beeing an enterprise made by some gentlemen of the Countrey of Labbord amongst which were the Lords of Ortubia and Semper who hauing leuied about a thousand men of that Countrey and ioyned vnto them a regiment of Germans old souldiers which were in that frontire in the Kings pay they led them to the passage of the riuer of Bidaso which diuides Fraunce and Spaine where they were staied by the resistaunce which they of the Castle made with their artillerie and the Commons of the Countrie whereupon seeking an other foard and other wayes by the mountaines thinking to surprize the garrison they found such resistance of all the Spanish forces which had beene drawne thither as they were defeated and in a maner all slaine Rout of Saint Martiall This was called the rout of Saint Martial for that it was giuen on Saint Martialls day the last of Iune this yeare 1522. In the which the emperour Charles returned into Spaine and landed at Saint Ander the fiue and twentieth of Iuly Returne of the emperour into Spaine from whence hee passed to Vailledolit where hee heard the embassadors of many princes and also the deputies of the realme of Valencia who came to craue pardon for that they had ioyned in vnion with the rebells of Spaine and were the last which submitted whereof they excused themselues vpon the hard vsage of their viceroy D. Iaques of Mendosa whom hauing fauourably heard he comprehended them in the generall pardon which he caused to be published himselfe being present and sitting in his royall throne in view of all the world he depriued Mendosa of the gouernement of Valence by meanes whereof all the strong places and castles of the realme were yeelded vnto him In that of Xatiua there had beene till that time detained D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria sonne to D. Frederic the dispossessed king of Naples who died afterwards in France him he deliuered and kept him neere him with honour and fit entertainment commending him that hauing bin solicited by the rebells to be their head he had refused it and in time he caused him to marry Queene Germaine who had beene wife to king Ferdinand his grandfather and was then married againe to the Marquesse of Brandeburgh who died soone after to which Queene Germaine he gaue at that time the gouernement of Valencia Seeing the troubls ended vpon the firm land of Spain Rebellion in 〈◊〉 he had news that the city of Maiorca the whole Iland were reuolted at the instigation of a poore Artisan called Calon wherupon he speedily dispatcht the viceroy with some gallies who thinking to reclaime them by mildnes was beaten back by them with their artillery forced to go out of the hauen with his gallies being incensed the more for that he had refused to shew them the letters of pardon which he said he brought them from the emperour before they had laid downe armes and deliuered him the towne And in this fury they began to fall vpon them which aduised them to acknowledge their prince and to yeelde vnto his mercie The Viceroy being fortified with more shipping went to an other part of the Iland where hee landed his menâ— there many of the Ilanders came vnto him and offered him seruice hauing mustered his armie he found that he had aboue tenne thousand fighting men with the which seeking to inuest and besiege the citie the rebelles sallied couragiously forth and came twice to haâ—dy stroakes and were twice repulsed within their walles the which caused great trouble within the towne for many fainting would haue the gates opened and make triall of the Emperours clemencie but the greatest and strongest part being obstinately desperate reiected this wholesome councell with outrages hanging and cruelly murthering those that were of this aduice if they could get them setting their heads vpon the publique places and towers of the towne a grieuous and fearefull spectacle And then they discharged their rage vpon the wiues children goods and houses of them that were absent with all barbarous cruelty Wherefore they were besieged and baâ—tered both by sea and land so as seeing themselues forced not able long to hold out and without hope of any succours or meanes to escape after that they had indured some assaults and shewed that they had courage they yeelded vpon condition that the people should be pardoned yet there were twelue reserued at the Viceroyes discretion the which were deliuered vnto him among them was Calon the Author of the rebellion Maiâ—rquins vanquished and punished found in a priuie where hee was hidden who being led so defiled to his punishment vpon an Asse and his companions following him on foot they were all pincht with hot yrons and quartered and their heads set vpon the towers and gates of the citie which payed a certaine summe of money in consideration of a fine and for the charges of the warre These troubles being thus supprest the Emperour spent some dayes in sports and would himselfe runne at the tilt to the great contentment of the Spanish nobilitie with whom hee got the reputation to bee a good man at armes During the Emperours abode at Vailledolit Combat betwixt two Arragonois he granted the combat to
himselfe to be carried to Tarracona The Cantabrians assailed both by land and sea towards Gaule Aquitaine came to fight with Antistius and Firmius by whom they were defeated in many encounters and their townes taken A great number of Gallicians hauing fortified themselues on a mountaine then called Medullius neere vnto the riuer of Minio Cruell 〈◊〉 of Barbarians they were besieged and so pressed as they must of necessitie either fight or yeeld but hauing not the courage to defend themselues and being loath to fall into seruitude they all slew themselues The Asturians being camped neere vnto the riuer which giues the name vnto their countrey thought to surprise the Romane armie and without doubt had defeated them if their enterprise had not beene discouered They were afterwards put to rout by P. Carisius but not without great slaughter of his men Hee also tooke Lancia the chiefe towne of Asturia being abandoned So the warre ended and at the same instant Augustus hauing dismissed the old souldiours hee gaue them leaue to build the towne of Emerita in Lusitania Emerita sounded by Augustus Saragâ—sse at this day it is Merida in Portugall Then also the towne of Salduba was first called Cesar Augusta in honor of Octauius Augustus it is now Saragosse the which he did much enlarge with buildings Fiue and twentie yeares before the birth of our Sauiour the way was paued from Cordoua to Astigi vpon the Ocean It appeares by this inscription which is at Cordoua on a pillar of greene stone whereon Augustus name is grauen and the number of twelue miles which is the distance from Cordoua to the sea Imp. Caesar. Diui. F. Augustus Cos. VIII Trib. Potest XXI Pont. Max. A. Baete Iano Augusto Ad. Oceanum C. XXI This Temple of Ianus was by all conjectures built by Augustus at Cordoua in signe of a perpetuall peace After Caesars returne Sextus Apuleius Proconsull shewed some proofes of his valour in Spaine for the which he triumphed and afterwards L. Aemilius suppressed the Cantabrians Gouernment of Spaine vnder the emperours and Asturians who rebelled againe After which time Spaine was gouerned by Pretors and Proconsuls the which are sometimes called in Latine Praesides vnto the time of Dioclesian and Maximin Strabo saith That in his time which was during the empires of Augustus and Tiberius the prouince of Betica was giuen vnto the people of Rome who appointed a Gouernour or Pretor hauing a Lieutenant and a Treasurer the rest of Spaine remaining at the emperours disposition who sent two lieutenants the one in qualitie of Vice-Pretor the other as Vice-Consull The Vice-Pretor with the helpe of a lieutenant or legat did justice and had jurisdiction ouer all Lusitania from the riuer of Betis vnto Duero the other part being Taracconese did obey the Vice-Consull who had a great armie entertained with three lieutenants the one commaunded the Cantabrians Asturians and the country of Gallicia the other gouerned along the Mediterranean sea and the third had charge of the inner countries The Generals place of residence was at Carthagene or Tarracone The emperours which came after made first two and then one Gouernour of Spaine and not alwayes of one sort About the time of Maximinian and Dioclesian the Gouernours were called Earles Earles and Vicars gouerning Spaine and their lieutenants Vicars and when as the Gothes began to erect a kingdome that small portion which held for the Romanes along the shore of the prouince of Carthagene and the mountains of the Cantabrians and Asturians Dukes called Prâ—fecti were gouerned by Dukes whom they called Praefecti Octauius Caesar surnamed Augustus The fiâ—st yere of Christ. 752 of Rome had held the empire about two and fortie yeares when our Sauiour Iesus Christ the eternall sonne of God was borne God and man of the virgine Marie of the tribe of Iuda in the citie of Beth-leem of Iuda which was in the yere 757 of the foundation of Rome The night when as the Lord of peace came vpon the earth was as some write as bright and cleere in Spaine as the noone day The computation of times shall hereafter be taken from the birth of our Sauiour An. 16 of Christ in the 16 yeare of whose life Augustus died Then Sextilius Hena a Poet of Cordoua flourished in Spaine being now brought wholly to the manners of the Romans 21 The Spaniards being much affected to Augustus did obtaine of C. Tiberius Nero his successour leaue to build a goodly temple in honour of him in the towne of Tarracone This emperour kept the Gallicians Asturians and Cantabrians vnder with strong garrisons hauing beene formerly subdued by Augustus In his time they of Lisbone gaue it out That they had seene and heard Triton in certaine hollow rockes Triton a diuelish illusion singing and playing vpon a comet as they painted him And Plinie reports that vpon the sea shore a Nereide had beene seene couered with scales yea whereas she caried a humane shape and that they had heard the grones and complaints she made dying Vibius Serenus a tyrannous gouernor punished Vnder Tiberius Vibius Serenus Proconsull of the further Spaine accused by his owne sonne and conuicted was condemned as a tyrant and banished into the island Amorgos one of the Cyclades Iunius Gallio brother to Seneca the Senator was also banished for that he had propounded in Senat to honour the old souldiours which had beene dismist with higher seats in the Theatre and at publique shewes hauing not first spoken thereof vnto the emperour Tiberius The Spanish flatterers doing idolatrie vnto princes would also haue made a temple vnto Tiberius and to his mother the which was prohibited Tiberius saying Tiberius doth madesâ—ly refuse diuine honours Anno 16. That he was a man and no god demaunding no other thing of them but that they would retaine a good and commendable memorie of him after his death The six and twentieth yeare of our saluation L. Piso a great oppressor of the people was slaine in the hither Spaine where he was Pretor An exacting gouernour slaine by a peasant by a peasant of Termes who being taken and tortured would neuer confesse who had made him to commit this murther This man slipping out of the officers hands which led him to the racke againe beat his own head so violently against a stone as instantly he lost both sence and life In those times one of the richest men of Spaine called Sextus Marius was accused to haue accompanied with his owne daughter carnally for the which he was cast downe headlong from the rocke Tarpeien but his great wealth was the cause of his death more than his crime Tiberius had raigned seuenteene yeares Anno 34. when as our Sauiour Iesus Christ suffered death for the redemption of mankind hauing finished the three and thirtieth yeare of his life 22 The healthfull doctrine of our redemption by him The Gospel preached in Spain in Tiberius time was
for being not lawfull for any one to vse it after the death of Alphonsus Apparitions and râ—ueiations beleeued by the Spaniards it hath remained inuisible To this Archbishop they say that Saint Leocadia did also appeare who reuealed vnto him the place where his bodie was buried and had lyen many yeares hidden Such graue testimonies haue they of the holinesse of this Archbishop Alphonsus surnaming him Chrysostome the Anchor of the Faith attributing vnto him other like epithites by reason of his learning and pietie There is no other thing found written of this king Reccesiunthe being credible that hauing no warres he did not much trouble himselfe leauing all the affaires of state and Clergie to bee managed by the Prelats and frequent Councels yet there are some lawes found made by him Hauing raigned nineteene yeares and three moneths he dyed at Toledo leauing two brethren Theofred who was father to Roderic the last king of the Gothes in Spaine and Iafila He was interred in the towne which in old time was called Gertic and now Bamba in the territorie of Palenza 26. Bamba 37 THe same day that Reccesiunthe dyed Anno 673. Bamba before desired by the noblemen Gothes was chosen king Some say that he would neuer haue receiued this honour and charge but by constraint and that refusing it absolutely there was a nobleman among the Gothes Bamba made king against his will a rare example which drew his sword and threatened to kill him if he did not yeeld to the Gothes intreaties whereupon he condescended more for feare than for any desire to raigne and was crowned by Quirin or Quirice Archbishop of Toledo in our Ladies church where they report that there was seene comming out of his head from among his haire a vapour like smoke in forme of a pillar going vpward There he made a confession of the Catholique Faith confirmed the ciuile lawes and ordinances of the kings his predecessours and receiued a solemne oath from the people These ceremonies were scarce ended when as they had newes Hilderic earle or Gouernour of Norbons That the earle of Nismes called Hilperic or Hilderic contemning the ordinances of the precedent kings of the Gothes had brought the Iewes againe into the countrey and made all Gothike Gaule in a manner to rebell against the king And for that Arege bishop of Nismes had contradicted him in this excesse he had chased him away and against the canons had consecrated another by two bishops of his faction Gumild bishop of Maguelone did counsell and assist him in these actions Wherefore Bamba to suppresse the insolencie of this earle sent a captaine named Paul allyed to the deceased king but faithlesse and treacherous to his prince who turned the armie which had beene giuen him against him and made an agreement with the enemie Distolaltie of Paul Bambas captains causing himselfe to be crowned king at Narbone where he set vpon his head the crowne which king Ricared had giuen to Saint Felix church at Girone Hee drew vnto his partie Rasmonde duke of Tarracone and Hildigise who was Gardingue which was an office of the Crowne and vsed all the treacheries hee could deuise against king Bamba He spoyled all the churches of Languedoc and fortified himselfe with men which hee had leuied in Fraunce and Gascoine But as such attempts doe seldome prosper so this succeeded ill with him for Bamba hauing raised great forces in Spaine came against him and in lesse than six monethes did happily end a most difficult warre He tooke Barcelone Girone and Narbone the which he besieged both by sea and land then Magdelone Agde Defeat of the rebels Beziers and in the end Nismes whereas the chiefe of this rebellion with the rest of his faction fell into his hands the same day twelue monethes that hee came vnto the Crowne Hee repaired the ruines which had beene made at Nismes and throughout all Gothike Gaule and caused restitution to be made of that which had beene taken out of the churches At the intreatie of Argebaud Archbishop of Narbone he gaue the offendors their liues reseruing to himselfe all other punishment He repulsed Loup a Commaunder of certaine French bands neere vnto Beziers These things being happily performed by him Punishment of the rebels he returned to Toledo triumphing and carrying his rebels in pompe before him hauing their beards and heads shauen bare legged attired in sackcloth and mounted vpon Cammels Among others Paul the chiefe of the rebels carrying a crowne of pitched leather followed by a long traine of his confederats was led in shew and exposed to be scorned of all men and in the end they were all put into darke filthie dungeons where they miserably ended their dayes These troubles being pacified king Bamba caused the walles of Toledo to bee built and fortified them with towers and bulwarkes in one of the which were written these Latine verses Erexit fautore Deo Rexinclytus vrbem Bamba suae celebrem protendens gentis honorem And vpon a port neere vnto the bridge called Alcantara Vos Domini sancti quorum hic praesentia fulget Hanc vrbem plebem solito seruate fauore He caused the eleuenth Councell of Toledo to be held 11 Councell of Toledo vnder Quirice or Quirin Archbishop of that place and Primat of Spaine where there were sixteene bishops present and many deputies for others that were absent They had beene many yeares without calling of any Councell wherewith the Fathers had beene much troubled this was in the yeare 675 there king Bamba hauing caused the acts of the kings his predecessours to be sought out according to that which they had decreed and with the consent of the Fathers he assigned to euerie diocesse the bounds of his jurisdiction The bishopricks of Lugo and Leon were declared exempt and not subject to any Metropolitane as they had beene vntill that time Another Councell was held at Bracar these were prouinciall Councels which were to be held euerie yeare Prouinciall Councels annual and at certaine times they were to call a generall Councell of all the bishops of the Gothes kingdome of either side of the Pyrenee mountaines the which was done at Toledo the chiefe towne In this kings raigne the Arabians holding Africke began to inuade Spaine they had a fleet at sea of two hundred threescore and ten vessels Arabians first attempt vpon Spaine the which by the diligence and valour of Bamba were in a manner all burnt and the Arabians put to the sword They did then spoile a great part of the countrey along the coast There was in the Court a nobleman called Eruinge issued from a daughter of king Cindausinthe and a gentleman of Greece called Ardauaste who being chased from Constantinople had fled into Spaine where he had been well entertained and honoured with this allyance This Eruinge being ambitious of commaund poisoned king Bamba Bamba poysoned by Eruinge so as he became madde for the curing
forts euen to the gates of Valence where as Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denis commanded There the king of Castile and Don Lewis camped and had many skirmishes but hearing that the king of Arragon and Don Henry and Don Tello brethren to the king of Castile beeing banished came with three thousand horse to fight with them they dislodged and retired to Moruiedro refusing a battell for that the army of Castile was much lessened hauing left garrisons in as many places as they had taken Don Gil Fernandes of Carauallo Master of Saint Iames of Portugal was in that army After this retreat the Abbot of Fescan Nauarre and Arragon Legate for the Pope laboured to make a peace betwixt these Princes and obtained of the king of Castile that D. Lewis of Nauarr should be employed who went to conferre with the king of Arragon at Burriana and brought Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denia to the king of Castile being at Moruiedro he was afterwards made Constable of Castile and Marquis of Vilena with him came Don Bernard of Cabrera with others but all their indeauours were vaine For the King of Castile would not heare speake of peace The perfidie of Don Pedro of Arragon against the earle of Trāstamara vnlesse the king of Arragon would promise to kill Don Henry Earle of Transtamara and Don Tello his brethren with Don Fernand of Arragon the which he refused to do in the beginning seeming to haue horrour of so wicked an act as to betray them which had fledde to him for protection and had serued him yet afterwards hee made no conscience thereof seeing himselfe pressed and his countrie so spoiled by the King of Castile but agreed with the king of Nauarre to kill Don Henry the which God would not permit for he had appointed him for the Realme of Castile and Leon and to be an exemplarie scourge for the tyrant Don Pedro who promised to giue the towne of Logrogno to Charles king of Nauarre if he would assist him in this murther For the effecting hereof the two kings of Nauarre and Arragon concluded an interview at Sos King Charles pretending that he would quit the allyance of Castile For assurance and guard of the towne where these two kings should meete there was chosen for Gouernour Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan a knight of Nauarre Chamberlaine to king Charles who tooke for his Lieutenant his brother Ramir of Areillan with thirtie men at armes thirtie Lances twenty Crosse-bowes and other souldiers The kings entred into Sos either of them with two men whither Don Henry and Don Tello had bene sent for to come Don Henry came accompanied with eight hundred horse the which hauing left without the towne he entred with two more as the kings had done There entred also the Abbot of Fescan but ignorant of what was intended against Don Henry The kings hauing treated long of their affaires in shew thinking it a fit time to dispatch Don Henry they talked secretly with Don Iohn Ramires perswading him with great promises to execute this murther but this knight who was noble and vertuous would neuer yeeld vnto it saying that he had rather die an hundred times then to blemish his good name with so execrable a crime The kings seeing that their hopes were vaine to make him the minister of their treason they knew not what to do but to dissemble their enterprise and retire into their countries imposing silence to D. Iohn Ramires who merited immortall commendation for this generous act besides that God did greatly honour him afterwards hauing directed him into Castile at such time as D. Henry raigned of whom he was beloued and cherished and obtained from him the Segneurie of los Cameros From him are descended the Earles of Aguilar of the family of Areillan This businesse ill attempted and not able to be executed was for that time dissembled There had past many former treaties and accords betwixt this Pedro king of Arragon and his brother D. Fernand Marquis of Tortosa to the preiudice of D. Henry for that they found him desirous to raigne in Castile of which Realme D. Fernand was the lawfull heire if D. Pedro the cruell died without children begotten in lawful matrimony but the king of Arragon had neuer any intent to do good vnto his brother D. Fernand nor to procure him any honour and aduancement but as he was a man full of disdainfull enuie and without loue or respect of any that did him seruice so he spared no man and dissembled with all men for his present commoditie Don Henry who knew him well could also dissemble for his part and stand vpon his guard he could handle him so cunningly as by the meanes and forces of Arragon hee made himselfe a way to attaine vnto his desseignes 16 Soone after there was a new and strict League made with him whereupon Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia and Francis of Perillos Captaines to the king of Arragon were went with money into France to leuie men During these treaties and practises there was no cessation of armes Castile at what time it fell out that the king tooke foure gallies of Castile their king beeing at Moruiedro from whence he parted to come into Castile at which time there was a soone borne him at Almaçan of a Lady called Donna Izabella which soone he named Don Sancho soone after returning to the warre more enraged then euer against the king of Arragon he marched into the countrie of Valence hauing alwaies in his company Mahomad the Moore king of Granado he tooke Alicant Xixona Gandie Oliue and other places but hee was in danger to haue beene suddenly surprized and defeated in his retreat by Don Henry Earle of Transtamara had he not beene aduertised by one of Castro of Ordiales Hauing escaped this danger this religious king went in pilgrimage in his shirt with a halter about his necke to place called our Ladie of Puch The king of Castile entred many times into Arragon and Valence neither could the king of Arragon hinder him from forcing of many places the which he left manned with good garrisons of Castillans and at sea he had not alwaies the worst although the Arragonois were the more expert marriners from whome the Castillans tooke in the yeare 1364. fiue gallies which were carried to Carthagena and the captaines mariners and souldiers for the most part put to death by the kings commandement 17 The king of Arragon being desirous to be freed from this war Arragon sought all meanes by the king of Nauarre to draw the king of Castile to some good accord but it was labour lost wherefore the kings of Nauar and Arragon resolued to make a league betwixt them for confirmation whereof they concluded a marriage betwixt the Infant Donna Ieanne sister to king Charles and Don Iohn Duke of Girone the heire of Arragon being then foureteene yeares old And moreouer the king of Arragon bound himselfe to giue
and the better to perswade her he promised that if she had not entertainement fit for her royall State in Nauarre he would impart some of his vnto her and giue her a good company of Knights and Ladies to conduct her into Nauarre with that honour which did belong vnto her She hauing no iust reason to contradict the King her brother answered him in these termes Sir I am much bound vnto you for many respects Excuses of the Queene of Nauar. besides the good councell it pleaseth you now to giue me wherein I know you seeke my honour and proffit The King my Lord and husband must also be mindefull of your bounty and brotherly loue vsed towards him in many matters of great consequence for my sake for if you had not imploied your selfe at my request to the French King who held him prisoner it may bee hee should haue found greater difficulties in his deliuery Being come into Spaine he knowes what honours and what guifts he hath receiued from you during the life of the King his father And when he came to succeed in the Realme of Nauarre all the world hath seene how liberally you haue restored him the places which you might iustly haue retained in Nauarre being left in deposito at the peace made betwixt you fathers Moreouer you haue discharged him of twenty thousand doublons of gold and of his promise for the English Nobleman who was a prisoner taken in warre being two thousand pounds starling presently after the death of the deceased King his father you caused mee to goe out of your Realme into his country whether I carried whatsoeuer I had good and precious to appeere the more honourable amongst the Nauarrois with the Ladies and Gentlewomen of my traine borne of great families all things tending to the honour and profit of the King my Lord But in steed of acknowledging all this it greeeues me to speake it and I cannot speake it without blushing hee hath not receiued me nor intreated mee as hee ought He appointed me certaine prouisions monthly for the entertainement of my house my state and attendants whereof I haue beene alwaies so ill paied as I haue beene often forced to ingage my iewels to content my seruants who complained often vnto me Besides falling dangerously sicke in Nauarre and almost dead I was duly informed that my languishing proceeded from certaine hurtfull herbes which were giuen mee by a physition a Iew sent by the King my Lord to cure me I doe not thinke that these herbes were giuen me by the commandement of the King my Lord or with his priuity and God forbid it should once enter into my thought but I finde it very strange that hauing complained he did not vouchsafe to punish this bad physition as hee deserued Seeing my indisposition to continue I intreated him to giue mee leaue to come into Castile to your court whereas God be thanked and your good reception I haue recouered my health But during my aboade here in this ease I haue beene aduertised that many flatterers and bad seruants to the King my Lord and mee haue charged me with many slanders the which hath much incensed him against me so as I know not how my Estate or my life can be well assured in Nauarre if I returne as you perswade me wherefore I beseech you Sir in the name of God and for the brotherly loue you beare me that you would be pleased to consult with your good and faithfull councellors vpon my returne to the King my Lord and husband whom I loue and honour and to prouide for the safety of my life and honor for if I should fall into any danger or receiue any indignity you should haue interest therein These words accompanied with a mournfull countenance did much mooue the King D. Iohn who promising his sister that he would haue a care of her affaires he conferred with his councell imparting vnto them the speech which the Queene of Nauarre had vsed causing them all to sweare that they should giue him good and faithful councell touching her returne to the King her husband The councell hauing duely consulted of this businesse they came vnto the King and told him that they had found it expedient that hee should cause King Charles his brother in law to sweare to vse the Queene Donna Leonora his wife well and honourably and for assurance thereof he should leaue some places of Nauarre in deposito in the hands of some Knights that were not suspect whereby they thought the Queene might bee well assured to returne into Nauarre and to liue freely with her husband The King of Castile allowed of this aduice and hauing caused his sister Donna Leonora to he called he acquainted her therewith exhorting her to follow it the which seemed nothing pleasing vnto her yet shee yeelded hauing no iust cause of contradiction wherefore the King D. Iohn hauing caused the Ambassadors of Nauarre to bee called hee would haue returned them home with this answere but they replied that the King their maister would take any oth but to deliuer places into a third mans hand hee would not doe it giuing many pertinent reasons why hee should not yeeld to it After many allegations and disputes herevpon the Queene said that if it pleased the King her husband to sweare and promise to Pope Clement the French King and to the King her brother to vse her well she would returne The Ambassadors answered that the Cardinal D. Pedro of Luna had already propounded such an oth and that the King their maister had answered that it was not needfull the French King should meddle with any controuersies betwixt him and his wife and that for the rest he would make no difficulty These disputes increasing more and more to the great griefe of the King of Castile who knew well that the Queene his sister was staied for some other consideration and that the obiections made against her husband were meere slanders he was much perplexed for he both loued Charles King of Nauarre and the Queene also The Ambassadors being out of hope to worke the Queenes returne they demaund the Infanta D. Ieanne the King of Nauarres eldest daughter to whom the succession of the Realme did belong for want of heires males to be deliuered vnto them to carry her into Nauarre to the King her father seeing he might not hope for any more children by the Queene persisting in her vnreasonable resolution to liue from his company The Queene excusing her selfe said that it was not her intent to liue seperated from King Charles but she desired to bee assured of her life And the King her brother who alwaies perswaded her to bee well aduised and to beleeue what he said vnto her was forced to send Alnar Nugnes of Villa Real President of his Chancery into Nauarre to take information of these venimous herbes which shee said had beene giuen her by the physitian a Iew and to bring the depositions of the witnesses
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
Magnanimity of king of Alphonso King Don Alphonso being a prisoner was prest to make it yeeld vnto the Geneuois wherunto although he were a captiue he would not yeeld By this defeate the seege was raysed at Gayete and the prisoners carryed to Sauona from whence they were afterwards by the Duke of Milans commandement distributed into diuers prisons King Don Alphoso to Pauia with Don Henry and others King Iohn the Earle of Castro and Ruy Diaz of Mendoça were led to Milan These lamentable newes did wonderfully trouble the Queens of Arragon and Nauar and all the people of these two Kingdomes especially Donna Leonora the widow-queen of Arragon who liued in her Monasterie of Saint Iohn de las Duegnas without the walles of Medina del campo very simply and modestly who conceiued so great a griefe as shee dyed soone after This did much afflict the King and Queene of Portugall and al the Noblemen of that Realme The imprisonment of these Princes and Noblemen was short for Don Philip Maria beeing courteous and visiting his prisoners often hee was so perswaded by king Alphonso that both he and his Estates should reape more profit in maintaining the partie of Arragon Bounty of the duke of Milan then that of France as vanquished with his reasons hee not onely let them all go free without ransome but gaue them many rich presents after that he had entertayned them royally many dayes suffering them to go and come with all libertie where they pleased Hee caused Don Iohn King of Nauarre and Don Henry his brother to bee conducted to Porto Venere with sixe hundred horse for their guard where they were receiued by Don Pedro their brother and moreouer he would that the Neapolitane Knights which were then at Milan and the ambassadors of townes should take an oath of fealtie to King Alphonso acknowledging him for their king making so great a change of all things as of an enemie he became a partisan and friend to the Arragonois by reason whereof the Geneuois being incensed rebelled against the Duke If the newes of the defeat and taking of these Princes caused great heauinesse in Arragon and Nauarre the ioy was so much the greater when as they vnderstood of their deliuerie the which was carried into Castile where as the king of Nauarre was much desired of many to whom the greatnesse of the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna was offensiue and hurtfull Don Fredericke Admirall of Castile who was one of them sent a messenger to Queene Blanche aduertising her that her husbands absence was very preiudiciall to himself and all his friends for that his aduersaries grew great according to their owne desires and therefore she should do well to hasten his returne as soone as might be The like aduertisements were giuen her by many other knights of Castile wherefore she sent three knights of her houshold into Italy to the king her husband which were Iohn Henriques of Lacarra Sancho Ramires of Aualos her caruer and the Seigneur of Vertiz to hasten his returne D. Iohn king of Castile at the request of his sister Queen Mary of Arragon continued the truce fiue moneths longer Castile vpon the newes of the defeat of the two kings brethren Being at Segobia there was a Germain knight called Robert presented himself vnto him who would make triall of armes with D. Iohn Pimentel Earle of Majorga by whom he was vanquished The like proofe being made by other twenty Germaine knights which came in the company of Robert had in a manner the like issue to the dishonour of strangers and great commendation of the Spanish nation D. Fernand of Gneuara a knight of great valour being at Vienna the chiefe towne of Austria he fought within a list on foot with a Germaine knight called Vourapach in the presence of Duke Albert sonne-in-law to the Emperor Sigismond who casting his staffe caused the combat to cease and put them out of the lists to the great honour of the Spanish knight Don Iohn of Pimentel Earle of Majorga desirous to trie his valour with strange Knights out of Castile as he practised to play with a battell-axe with a seruant of his called Lope de la Torre hee was strucke by him consideratly on the face so as he dyed soone after a due reward for this quarrelling exercise which was then in so great estimation to go seeking honor without cause or quarrell in the force and dexterity of the body more then in the gifts of the mind humanity and iustice Whilest that King Iohn was busie at Aleala of Henares to celebrate the funerals of his deceased aunt Queene Leonora there was hot warre made vpon the fronter of Granado where as D. Alphonso Ianes Fajardo receiued the townes of Velez the white and Velez the red which yeelded voluntarily to the king of Castile the Inhabitants Moores promising to pay him the same tribute which they payed to king Mahumet wherewith the King was satisfied but he would not heare the ambassadours of Baça and Guadix who came to beseech him to giue them another king a Moore then Mahumet for that he did intreat them ill but k. Iohn knowing that this was but a deuice to free themselues from the spoile which he intended against them he sent them away and commanded his captaines to forrage and spoile their countrie the which was executed by D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo The Moores of Galea and Castilegia yeelded to D. Roderigo Manriques vpon the same conditions like vnto them of Velez It fell out vnfortunatly for D. Henry of Guzman the seege which he pretended to lay to Gibraltar for being come by sea with some barkes before the towne whether his sonne Iohn of Guzman should come by land with the rest of his forces to beseege it he had no patience to attend but landed began to skirmish on the shoare neere vnto the walles with the Moores which sallyed out against him but the sea flowing it forced him to retire to his barke leauing many of his Knights on land in prey to the enemie who began to cry out and to complaine that he had left them there to the slaughter with such vehement words as mooued to pittie hee caused his barke to approch to land to receiue them but it was so ouer-laden as in sunke and there the Earle Don Henry D. Henry of Guzman drowned neere Gibraltar with about forty Knights were drowned whose losse was great The bodies beeing cast vppon the shoare were drawne to land by the Moores and the Earles was put into a coffer and set vppon an high tower to be a terriour to the Christians where it continued some yeares By this pittifull successe the sonne retired from Gibraltar and out of all Andalusia with teares and mourning the bones of this Earle are at this present in a most auncient Tower made of Bricke in the highest part of the castell of Gibraltar which the common people beleeue was built and erected by
Iames died of a canker at Segobia and it is reported that shee beeing a wise and vertuous Lady did greatly reprooue her husbands extreame ambition and that at her death she made him sundrie remonstrances which tended greatly to his honour and commoditie and the preseruation of his house shee did greatly aduise him to maintaine the King in his honour and reputation towards whome hee had insolently behaued himselfe and most commonly without respect to the great griefe of all the great Lords of Spaine whereuppon the Master made her many faire promises of amendment which after her death were soone forgotten therefore considering with himselfe that hee was now a widdower and badly beloued he thought it expedient for him and greatly profitable for his affaires in hand Master of S. Iames allyes himselfe with the house of Velasco to marrie againe and to strengthen himselfe with some good allyance wherefore he bended his thoughts vppon the houses of Mendoza and Velasco rich and mightie families the chiefe of which hee hauing sounded and practised there was a meeting betwixt Segobia and Pedraza by the Bishoppes of Siguença Palença and Burgos the Earles of Haro Medina Celi and the Master who agreed vpon a marriage betwixt the sayd Master and the Earle of Haros daughter wherewith the king was well pleased The marriage was afterward sollemnized at Pegnafiell a place belonging to the Earle of Vregna who was Nephew to the Master By this allyance the Bishop of Siguença was pacifyed came to Court and had promise of the Kings fauour for his obtayning of a Cardinals hat whereon he dreamed day and night from Pope Sixtus the fourth newly elected who was borne in Sauona of the family of Rouero a Friar and Cardinal of the title of Saint Peter ad vincula whose Legate Roderigo Borgia Bishop of Albi and Cardinall of the title of S. Nicholas in carcere Tulliano Rodrigo Borgia Cardinal◠Vice-chancellour of the sea of Rome who afterward was Pope came this yeare 1471. into Spayne where hee was receiued at Madrid by King Henry with all the honour and submission that a seruant or an obedient sonne could vse towards his superiour and father as also in all places as hee came by the way as soone as he was entred into Castile especially when hee arriued in the territories belonging to the Mastershippe of Saint Iames hee went vnder a rich canopie the King beeing on his left hand yet a little behind him Hauing then declared his legation and shewed his faculties which were to visit the Kingdome of Castile and the Isles neere adiacent to ordayne what was necessarie for the Church of Rome the King shewing himselfe very obedient and willing hee deputed the Licenciate Diego Henriques his Chronicler Chaplaine and Councellour to accompanie and conferre with him about these matters At the intreatie of the King and the Master of Saint Iames the Legate dispatched a message to Rome for the Bishoppe of Siguença's hatte An. 1472. this was in the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty two When the Court and the Legate came to Segobia there was made a generall assembly of the Commissioners of euery Cathedrall Church of Spaine where a certaine Subsidie was graunted to the Pope which was the principall cause of his Legation in recompence whereof the Legate bestowed pardons and indulgences vppon euery place with measure and proportion according to euery mans qualitie and besides did ordaine to euery Church two Channonries the one for a Diuine the other for a Chanonist the which should be giuen by the Bishops and Chapters Some neuerthelesse namely of those which did cleaue and adhere to the partie of the Princes Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella did not appeare at this assembly in the number of whom was Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria who requested the legate to come to Valiodolit saying that they were to conferre with him about matters touching the succession of the kingdomes but the King perswaded him to the contrary accusing the Princes and their followers of many matters The Legate neuerthelesse went to Alcala to visit the Princes who remained there with the Archbishop of Toledo by whom he was sumptuously receiued and with great pompe as also in Guadalajara the Marquis of Santillanas house where hee remained a certaine space with the Marquis and the Earles his bretheren The impieties superstitions thefts rapines and other insolencies vsed at that time among the Christians in Spaine Enormous sins cause those newly conuerted to returne to Iudaisme namely the Prelates and Church-men were so scandalous to all men as diuerse newe Christians who were conuerted from Iudaisme to the profession of Christianity being constrained more by the rigor of the lawes then perswaded by wholesome doctrine and good examples began to returne to Iudaisme not being able to beleeue by humaine reason that the religion professed by such detestable people could bee the true The remedy applied to this mischiefe was the same which arrogant men and such as hate correction Massacre of the new Christians and are desirous to liue in their errors and corruptions doe commonly vse namely the sword massacres and all manner of excesse For in the Citty of Cordoua insteed of bringing back these straies by meeknesse holinesse of life and such like examples which is the duty of the ministers of the Church they did let loose the bridle to the rash mutinous people who made a cruell slaughter of them and spoiled their goods Those of Iaen followed this example against whom the Constable Michaell Lucas d' Irançu opposing himself The Constable Don Michael Lucas de Iransu murthered by the people was most inhumainly murthered in the Cathedral Church by the enraged multitude The like cruelties and robberies were committed in Andujar and other places of Andaluzia wherewith King Henry was extreamly discontented but being faint-harted and of no courage in these matters hee did no more punish the murtherers then the Pastors were diligent in seeking out fit Christian meanes to bring back these Apostata's into the right way The office of Constable was giuen to Don Pedro Velasco Earle of Haro the Kings great Chamberlaine D. Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castill at the intercession of the Maister of Saint Iames his Sonne in law the which dignity hath euer since euen till our time continued in that family The King like-wise gaue the seales of his Chancery to the Bishogge of Siguença The King finding that Donna Ioane his supposed daughter had very ill successe in her treaties of marriage resolued to bestow her vpon Don Henry Sonne to the Infant Don Henry who was Maister of S. Iames brother to Don Ferdinand Infant of Castile which was King of Arragon who at the same time remayned in the Citty of Barcelona from whence hee caused him to come secretly into Castile This Prince who by the commandement of King Iohn his vnckle was called in his dominions the Infant of Arragon and by
Queene Isabell her Mother who dyed at the same time at Areualo hauing liued a widdow the space of two and forty yeares troubled with sicknesse both of body and minde whose body beeing then laide in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Areualo was afterward transported to the Carthusians in the Citty of Burgos called Mirefleur where King Iohn her husband was buried Death of Don Iohn de Gamboa The same yeare dyed in Guipuscoa Don Iohn de Gamboa a personage full of yeares and honour who was Maister of the horse to the Kings of Castile and of their Councell Captaine generall of the frontiers of France and Nauarre and gouernor of Fontaraby This Knight left onely two daughters one of which was married in Guipuscoa in the family of Sarauz and the other into Biscay into that of Arteaga The Infanta Don Ioanes voyage into Fâ—anders the Queene gaue the conduct of the Nauie and of the Infanta Donna Ioane her daughter to Don Frederick Henriques high Admirall of Castile her Vnckle beeing accompanied by Donna Maria de Velasco the Admiralls Mother with other Lords Ladyes and Gentlewomen who beeing shipped the Queene went back to Burgos and from thence into Cattalonia to ayde the King her husband In the meane space the great Captaine continued the warre on the one side and King Ferdinand on the other in the kingdome of Naples who were resisted in Calabria by Eberard Stuard Lord of Aubigni assisted by the faction of Aniow and with a few French forces which were left him and in the territorie of Lauoro by the Lord Guilbert of Montpensier Lieutenant generall to the French King in the same kingdome who was besieged in the Citty of Auersa by King Ferdinand and the great Captaine both together and was brought to such extremitie as hee promised if within thirty dayes hee were not succoured to yeeld vp all that the French men held in the kingdome of Naples excepting Gaieta Venosa and Tarentum which were in the hands of strangers vpon condition that they would furnish him with shippes to carry him and his people into France there fell afterwards great sicknesse among the men of warre on either side and Lord Guilbert of Montpensier dyed at Pozzuolo with other French Lords and there dyed likewise on the enemies part diuerse men of note as namely King Ferdinand who had for successour his Vnckle Don Frederick of Arragon brother to Don Alphonso King Frederick stayed not long ere hee besieged Gaietta during which siege the Lord D Aubigni rendred the places which hee held in Calabria by whose example Gaietta Venosa and Tarentum were yeelded and King Frederick by that meanes recouered all the realme of Naples In this warre all the Potentates of Italy shewed themselues enemies to the French All the Potentates of Italy enemies to the French except the Florentines the Florentines excepted who thought by the meanes of the Frenchmen who held Pisa to bring that Cittie into their subiection And the warre beeing ended Pope Alexander did sharply persecute the Vrsins friends and seruants to the house of France and the chiefe of that family Virginio Vrsino an excellent Captaine of all which matters King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell of Castile were aduertized to their great contentment The beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninetie and seauen the Kings beeing in the Citty of Burgos 1467. they receiued aduertisement that the Armie of Castile was returned which had conducted the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to Philip of Austria and brought Margueret sister to the said Philip betrothed to Prince Iohn who were married in the same Citty Fryer Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine dooing the ceremony and they had for their God-father Don Frederick the Admirall and Donna Maria de Velasco his mother for their God-mother The feasts and magnificences weré great and pompous whereat dyed Don Alphonso de Cardegna second sonne to Don 〈◊〉 de Cardegna great Commander of Leon. The wedding being ended the Coâ—rt came to Medina del campo where Christopher Colombus arriued as a prisoner by the slanders and accusations of the Spaniards his enemies who were impatient of discipline the most enuious of whom was Frier Buil who came back the same time into Spaine neuerthelesse the Kings thinking it an vnseemly matter that such a personage should yeeld account of his actions in quality of an offender they did absolue him of the greaâ— rigor which hee had executed by iustice on the Spaniards with commandement thence-forward to vse those more gently who did crosse so many seas to doe them seruice and they willed him to returne to the Iudges they being highly contented with the reports which hee made of the great riches and wealth which those countries yeelded whereof hee brought them proofes of golde Brazil mother of Pearle Amber pretious Feathers Indian tapstrie and other strange things They did againe rigge forth eight ships for him furnished with men and victuals two whereof hee sent away before laden with victualls and weapons to his brother Bartholomew Colombus who had begun to builde the Cittie of Saint Domingo vpon the riuer of Oçama in the Island of Hispagunola hee with the other sixe parted from Saint Lucar de Barameda and beeing arriued at Madera vnderstanding that there were French Pirates at sea that watched for him beeing drawne thither by the renowne of the wealth of the Indies hee sent onely three of his shippes directly to the Island of Hispagnuola and hee with the other three sayled towards the Isles of Cape vert tending to the Equinoctiall and after great trauaile of heates and calmes hee arriued at Paria the firme land of those West Indies then coasting three hundred and thirty leagues vnto Cape de Velas hee discouered and tooke note of all that countrey where are Cabo Anegado the point of Salinas Cubagua otherwise called the Isle of Pearles the point of Araja Cumana Chiriuichi the Gulphe of Cariari Curiana Saint Roman Veneçuela Coquibocoa and other places from whence hee passed to the new Citty of Saint Domingo and there was receiued for Gouernour to the great griefe of diuerse This was the third voyage that Colombus made to the Indies and then they had already begun to trade and negociate with the Indians by force of armes Colombus his third voyage to the Indies for the violent vsage of them had made them become strange and enemies to the Spaniards so as they left off tilling of their grounds and sowing of their Maiz to the end to constraine them by hunger to leaue the contrey and at the same time as these shippes arriued great number of Indians beeing gathered together did besiege the Spaniards of the Forte of Saint Thomas du Ciabo who were put to flight by Alphonso de Hoiedo Hauing then gotten the Cachique Coanabo into the Forte keeping him prisoner for the death of diuerse Christians more then fiue
a signe of base cowardise It were better saith the point of honour to be insolent and rash than to subiect himselfe to that modestie which wold be taken for weaknes in a man that maketh profession of armes An other that hath taken iest for iniury or is offended at a free word spoken by his friend the which in effect is not iniurious will take it in so il maner as he will admit of no excuse nor reparation what must he so little esteem honor It were better saith the point of honor to be quarrelous froward vnsociable than to vse such facilitie base courtesie derogating from cheualry there is no friendship that binds he must needs fight If the prince or some great officer wil heare and end their quarell they fear those Iudgements more than lightning they fly they wil be followed they fight in corners whether it be that they are ashamed to discouer the ground of their quarrell which is most cōmonly so foolish impertinent as they would blush to speake of it or that they are possest with a thirstlesse desire to shed mās bloud with an appetite of reuenge accompaned with pride vanitie It were better saith the point of honor to be rebellious vnciuil then to submit himself to that discipline for they would say it were want of courage that he wold fly the lists And thereupon they conclude according to the point of honor that it is not in the king to rule it according to the limitations of his justice that gentlemen doe not know any other justice or equity than the custom of duels receiued among gentlemen which giues this prerogatiue priuiledge authority to do all not to suffer any thing to maintein themselues by the sword in this possession although it be vniust and vsurped but of late Thus they are easily drawen to the combat a this day and they must not seeme to drawe backe vpon any pretext whatsoeuer neither of God the king nor his edicts he must goe being called else he shal be held base ignoble thence forth shal be exposed to the outrages of him that did challenge him with such aduantage as he shal please for it were better saith the point of honor to be a murtherer than to go to field with one that had refused a challenge Be they ready to fight either wil make prouision of a long rapier of an excellent horse with other such helps which shal be neither visited nor measured for there are neither godfathers nor witnesses in their combats Euery one must looke to himselfe saith the point of honor it were better to exceed something in that respect than to be short although we may iustly say afterwards that the honor of the victiory belōgs rather to the armes horse than to the knight Yet they goe in their shirts the point of honor wel obserued require that they run one another throgh like boars rather thā to slip a side when the thrust comes or to seeke to auoid it by fensing it were better to die saith the point of honor then to seem by any gesture or countenāce to fear death It is then a wonder that these men ordained for murther slaughter who thinke they are not come into the world but to kil or be 〈◊〉 should vouchsafe to arm themselues when they go to the war they shold not impute it to want of corage to couer themselues with harnesse like vnto the Cimbrians and ancient gaules for there is in a maner the like reason But behold the most subtill and very quintessence of the point of honour It is lawful for them that go to fight in duel to 〈◊〉 a second a third if they wil the which shal be bound to fight against the like number chosen by the other part kil them with whom they neuer had any quarrel yea their deare friends at it often happens It is the law of duels It were better saith the point of honor to be a murtherer of his own soul than to refuse a knight which doth him the honor to intreate him to second him in his quarrel bee it iust or vniust If it happen that the second kils him against whom he fights he must come succor his partner and help him to kill his enemy although it seeme outrageous to fall two vpon one who it may be is also fore wounded These are tollerated murthers and it were better saith the point of honor so to kill him who thou thinkest hath wronged thee than to leaue him his life vnlesse he demand it of thee For it is the fruit of duels either to kil his aduersarie or to brag that he hath giuen him his life Being returned from fighting much contented when they haue vanquished they wil tel wonders of courtesies done vnto him whom they haue thus slaine He is dead wil they say through his own folly by his ouerweening by his ostinacie wherein they cannot be gainsaied for that they flie all witnesses and Iudges If he that suruiues be wounded and dies soone after he comforts himself in that point of honor that he hath done himself right by his sword and that he hath caused his aduersarie to die first But for the health of their soules they think they haue prouided sufficiently if going to the combat with an heart vlcered with a deadly hatred against their neighbour possest with a spirit of reuenge and a vaine opinion of their excellency dignitie and valour they fall vpon their knees entring into some Church or Chappell and pray vnto God heartily that hee will giue them the grace to kill their enemie or to force him to acknowledge his life from them They will confesse themselues to a priest or some religious man they wil demaund absolution of the sinne which they are going to do will giue money to haue masses said for him or them that shall die in this fight Yet it is the least of their cares for if they meet with any church man that hath wit and conscience who seeks by holy admonitions to diuert them from this bad resolution and refuseth to absolue them they will say that hee vnderstands not the point of honor and will goe from him in a rage or will mocke at him It is not from God that these duellists haue learned or wil learne that which doth truely honour Nobility But they doe rather seeke to instruct themselues in their false point of honor by the precepts and suggestions of the enemy of mankind who was a murtherer from the beginning and who is alwaies delighted in murther bloud By the instigation conduct of this godfather we see them go cheerefully to yeeld vp their cursed soules most of this humor liuing without god without king without law without friendship without knowledge of ciuil vertues hauing for their sole vertue a violence which they call courage the which they haue common with brute beasts
had The Turks they of Cambaia prest the siege hard but more by land than by sea for that they held it weakest on that side so as battering a tower they made a great ruine by the which they were in great danger to lose the whole castle the enimy seeking twise a day to force it which they continued all the month of October Silueria did sodenly cast vp a trauers with good flanks wherby they might brauely defend theÌ„selues making great slaughter of the Turks On the 20 of October they attempted to take a tower standing towards the sea for the defence of the Castle by scalado but they were repulst with great losse yet the next day they came with 10 gallies 33 armed barks with great numbers of soldiers to force the tower but in vaine for they were not only forced to retire by 50 Christians which defended it but also flanked by the artillery of the castle there were in 2 dais aboue 800 slain Sallie of the Portugalls vpon the Turkes at Diu. many vessels sunck Three daies after at noon day when they least expected there was a sally made by 150 Portugalls who entred the Turks treÌ„ches that were sleeping with such resolution as they slew about 260 so disordered the whole army as they could scarce put theÌ„selues in defence but seeing the nuÌ„ber so small they offred to charge them yet so late as they had time to retire into the fort in good order with the losse of 3 men only 6 hurt Soon after Silueria sent a frigot to Goa to craue aid froÌ„ Acugna who had already sent 16 galeots Garcia Norogna viceroy at the Indies with poulder march some soldiers but they were not yet come to Diu At the coÌ„ming of this secoÌ„d message to Goa Garcia of Norogna was come to viceroy who took vpon him the charge to prepare a great armie to succor the besieged and to fight with the enemie if need were Arriuing the 11 of September and taking vpon him the gouernment he gaue libertie to Acugna to returne into Europe but he died in his voyage neere vnto cap Bone Esperance hauing bin gouernor for his K. tenne yeres at the Indies Death of Nonio Acâ—gna with much honor and reputation Norogno came wel prouided from Portugall for this war for that they had intelligence of the Turks preparation in Egipt bringing 7000 soldiers in 11 ships being at Goa he prepared 12 great ships of burthen called hulks 16 galeons 25 chrauels 29 gallies of 26 banks 15 galeots and 20 â—oists which in al made 117 great smal Army of Portugalles prepared against the Turkes but al wel armed The â— of Nouember Soliman Bascha made his first attempt to force the castle of Diu but he found a braue resistance Silueria hauing the night before discouered the Turks intentions by their preparations At the break of day there approched neere vnto the tower vpon the sea about 50 barkes and 12 gallies full of soldiers engins making a shew to assaile it but it was only to draw their force thither from the land part where they meant to make their greatest attempt But Silueria like a discreet captaine knowing the strength of that part towards the sea brought his greatest force where there was most need where the enemy was likely to vse his greatest force And so it fel out for first of all there were 3000 Turks which presented themselues to the assault who for an houres space were brauely affronted by the Portugalls and in the end repulsed with great losse but the Bascha renued the fight with brauer men but fewer in number which did not a little terrifie Silueria who had seen many of his men slaine in the first assault Assault giuen by the Turkes 〈◊〉 Diu. He therefore commaunded his lieutenant Roderigo of Araue who was in the tower towards the Sea to come vnto him with his fresh band the which was speedily effected but vnfortunatly for him being slain with a shot in whose place Emanuel Vasconcello was put being followed by 30 fresh soludiers for that the enemy omitted no force Vasconcello carried himself brauely the enemy being vpon the breach whereas they were come to the sword in the end repulst Hauing had som litle rest behold ther sallied out of the treÌ„ches aboue 6000 Ianisaries Turks others of the realm of CaÌ„baia which SolimaÌ„ had chosen reserued for the last toouerthrow the Portugals forces which wer alredy much weakened and at the same instant he caused a generall assault to be giuen to the whole castle The enemy aduanced to the rampires and the Portugalls made resistance Silueria went from place to place with a few choice souldiers and comming where hee saw greatest need he turned him vnto his company and said Ah countrymen do you not remember that you are the souldiers of Christ for the confession of whose faith we haue put on these armes follow me then sacrifice your liues gloriously in his seruice who refused not to suffer a shameful death for our health And without speaking more words shaking his sword he went wher he saw most of the enemies wheras he made such resistance as after 5 houres that this last assault continued he made the enemies attempts vaine Turkes valianâ—ly repulsed at Diu. At the last night gaue an end to this cruell assault not without great slaughter of the Mahumetans they had lost that day as some write aboue 3500 besides hurt men of the Portugals there were 70 slaine aboue 300 wounded so as they say there remained only 12 vntoucht But the numbers of the slaine and wounded are diuersly reported yet they al affirm that if the enemy had giuen another assault they could not haue withstood it wanting both men munition for they had no poulder but what their ordnance was charged with so as Silueria to prouide for a future mischiefe causes those peeces which were towards the sea to be drawne away in the night to be planted towards the land But the Bascha seeing his attempts vaine laied the blame proudly vpon Coffaro other Lords of the countrey who had assured him that the fort was very weake and not able to make two days defence moreouer he said they had abused him and not assisted him with such forces as they had promised him in the beginning assured the great Turk in Constantinople so as full of wrath shame he knew not what to resolue for that there was a bruit of a Portugal army which was preparing at Goa doubting they wold fight with him both by sea land trusting litle in them of CaÌ„baia who in effect hated him generally for the sacking of Diu other great wrongs the Turkes had done them Besides they feared that this cruel man hauing chased away the Portugals would put their new king to death and seaze tyrannously on the whole Countrey Whilest they stood vpon these termes the 16 galeots
sent by Acugna arriued happily being come the night after the 2 day of Nouember within sight of Diu foure miles off from the enemies army the commanders thought it a politike stratagem euery one to carry 4 lanthorns the which succeeded haply for the enemies thâ—nking they had bin so many ships as they saw lights and beleeuing it had bin the whole army they lay close and would not hazard to meet them so as being fauoured by the darknes of the night and the enemies feare being terrified with the former successe and the opinion they had of the army they entred happily into the riuer which made the port of the castle bringing great ioy to their friends who were in that poore estate Turks retire 〈◊〉 from Diu. The Bascha being first in doubt was now resolued to rise hauing no hope to better his condition whose rising was with such disorder and feare as it seemed a very flight Soliman leauing at land about 150 pieces of ordnance as Goez writes 1000 Turks that were wounded another thousand which were gone forth to forrage all which were slain by them of the country to reuenge the iniuries they had receiued The Portugalles got the artillery with some goods of value to repaire the losses they had sustained in those combats The Turkish army being gone from Diu in this confusion Soliman reuenged his disgrace vpon those miserable Portugalls which had bin taken in the Tower whom he had treacherously kept in prison causing them to be all murdred The new gouernor Norogna hearing that his men were freed that ther was no need to goe with an army to Diu he resolued to secure all things in the prouince in quieting the peopls minds the which was easy to effect throgh the reputatioÌ„ which the Portugals had gotten in defending themselues against the Turks forces by the hatred which they had purchased by their thefts Mamudio K of Cambaia and an accord made by him with the Portugalls He therfore made a peace with Mamudio the new K. sisters son to the deceased Badurio Vpon these conditions That the Portugalls should be masters of the fort port of Diu but the king should haue half the customs of the said port that he might raise a wall right against the fort but so farre off as it should no way annoy nor hinder it which concluded he prouided for the gard of the castell sending Iames Sosa for gouernor in Siluerioes place who required rest after so honourable a seruice he had 900 men giuen him for garrison with all fit prouisioÌ„s This yong king was not long quiet but solicited by the ambition of some and by his grandmother desirous to reuenge the death of her son he began to make warre against the Portugalls vpon a pretext to recouer Bazain whereof there had been no mention made in the last accord but it proued a war of no moment 38 After the Emperours retreat out of France Enteruiew of the Pope Emperour and French king at Nice the war being hot in Piedmont pope Paul considering how many miseries this warre brought vnto Christendome fearing and foreseeing the ruine of Italy if it continued hee procured an enteruiew of those two princes and himselfe in the towne of Nice where there was no means to reconcile them there was onely a truce concluded for ten yeares of either side the Alpes both of them holding what they had gotten the pope hoping during this long truce there would be some means found to conclude a peace The emperor returning froÌ„ Nice towards Spain he was staid by the weather about Marseilles where the king sent to intreat him to enter and to rest himselfe vntill the wind were faire for the which he gaue him thanks letting him vnderstand that he desired they might see one another At Aigues mortes Whereunto the king consented and went thither from Auignon being vpon his returne towards France Emperour and French king meet at Aiguesmortes The emperor landed and dined with the king in Aigues mortes the king entred afterwards confidently into the emperors galley where they discoursed long together but what it was few men vnderstood yet they parted with great shews of friendship This yeare one thousand fiue hundred thirtie and nine the emperour the yong prince Philippe his sonne 1539 his two daughters and the whole Court were full of sorrow and heauinesse for the death of the empresse Isabella Death of the empresse Isabella she died the first day of Maie being deliuered of a sonne which followed her soone after they were both much lamented by the young Prince who beganne to feele the heauie crosses whereunto the miserable condition of man is subiect Shee was carried from Toledo where shee died with a funerall pompe befitting so great an Empresse to bee buried in the royall Chappell of Granado which honours were afterwardes religiously reiterated in all the Cities subiect to the Emperour her husband and by King Iohn of Portugall her brother After her death the emperour Charles remained alwayes a widower during the which he had a base son by a maid whose name and family was concealed D. Iohn of Austria he was called D. Iohn of Austria whom he did not aduow vntill his death 39 The emperor being a prince of a great courage and high attempts imbraced many actions so as his reuenues could hardly supply the charge wherefore he sought to draw mony from the people towns that were subiect vnto him Impositions cause of troublâ— by diuers means by subuentions impositions loans and extraordinary beneuolences Among others he would haue the Castillans make him a present whereunto the Nobility should contribute without exemption of any hauing caused it to be propounded in an assembly of the lords noble men of the countrey giuing them to vnderstand it was for the charges of the war he made against infidells whereof the profit and honor was common to them with him Whereunto answer was by D. Iâ—igo of Velasco constable of Castille in all their names That the Nobilitie would neuer suffer their freedoms and liberties to be broken whereat the emperor was very much discontented there hapned at the same time an accident whereby he might see that the nobility of Castille were not easie to be gouerned as they pleased that councelled him and this it was There being a turney held without the city of Toledo where the court lay wheÌ„ the sport was ended the emperor desirous to return towards the citie the presse being great an Alcaide or Prouost meaning to hasten those that marched before Act of choler done by the Infantasgâ— he strucke the duke of the Infantasgos horse with a riding rod vpon the croper he being the chief of the MeÌ„dosas one of the greatest noblemen of Spain who sodenly drawing his sword struck the Alcaide on the head telling him that he shold learn to execute his charge with respect whereupon the dukes seruants
Francis of Lorraine Duke of Guise into Italie as the Popes souldier with whom and with the Duke of Ferrara hee had made certaine conuentions for the entertainment and safetie of the armie consisting of twelue thousand foot French Suisses and Grisons and two thousand horse with the which he passed the Alpes in the heart of winter About this time D. Iohn de Luna was in Flaunders who as wee haue said had been called thither touching Fernand Gonzague Iohn de Luna flies into Frāce hee seeing himselfe very seuerely handled by the Kings ministers in that businesse seeking a strict accompt of him of the munition of the castle of Milan being accused to haue imployed it to his owne priuate vse hee resolued to flie from Brussels who comming into Fraunce was graciously receiued by the Christian king and an honourable pension giuen him for his maintenaunce Hee wrote from thence to his sonne Diego that hee should deliuer the castle of Milan where he remained in his fathers place to whomsoeuer his king should commit it and that neither hee nor his brethren should euer swarue from his seruice And so it was deliuered by way of prouision to Alonso Pescioni by order from the catholike King and afterwards to Alonso Figueroa who was sent Castellan thither fearing the danger The Emperour Charles hauing the last yeare made a resignation of all his realmes and dominions shewing a rare President of his fatherlie loue and of a wise and temperat mind hee resolued also to write vnto his brother touching the gouernement of the Empire and leauing the gouernement of his states more free vnto his sonne retire himselfe and spend the remainder of his life in a free and quiet contemplation Wherefore on the seuenth day of September this yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and sixe he sent doctor Saler into Germany to his brother Ferdinand with a resignation of the gouernement of the empire with the Crowne Charles resignes the empire to his brother Scepter and other Ornaments pretending that being vnable to vndergoe that burthen by reason of his age and the infirmities which did afflict him extraordinarily hee persuaded the Electors to confirme the said Ferdinand in his place being yonger stronger and more apt to beare the burthen of such an empire to whom there was giuē by the prouidence of God for a naturall enemy the Turk who was mighty alwais watchful the which was now most to be feared for that he heard he was making a great preparation for war He did write particularly to euery one of the electors touching that busines a very familiar letter vnto his brother recommending his son vnto him that he would direct and assist him in all occasions with his councel help On the 14 day of the moneth he went from Gaand into Zeland his ships attending him at Flessingue but for that the wind was contrary hee was forced to staie many daies at Zuytbourg a village betwixt Flessingue and Middelbourg Charles the fifth passeth into Spaine to a solitary life which turning faire hauing taken his leaue of his sonne and giuen him his blessing and imbraced all the Princes and Noblemen he tooke shipping with his two sisters Mary widow to Lewis King of Hongary and Leonora first widow of Portugal and then of France who would needs accompany him in this voiage He came in a eleuen daies to the coast of Spaine and landed at Laredo in Biscay where before that he receiued any of those Noblemen that came to doe their duties to him hee kneeled downe and gaue God thankes for that in the last yeeres of his life hee had suffred him to come and die in that country which had alwaies beene most deere vnto him and by whose meanes he knew he was come to the hight of that honour and greatnesse And then imbracing those Noblemen and Grandos of Spaine very louingly he past by Bourgos to Vailledolit whereas his Nephew Don Carlo was to whom he gaue many good instructions putting him chiefly in mind of religion and Iustice where resting some daies and leauing his sisters there that he might haue no let to attend the life which hee had propounded he retired himselfe to the Monastery of Saint Iust of the Order of Saint Ierosme de la Vera neere to Placentia a desart place in the Prouince of Estremadura Here with foure seruants onely to serue him in his necessity hee past his life in continuall contemplation giuing great almes and doing other good deeds of charity for the which hee had reserued a hundred thousand ducats yeerely out of his great possessions Pope Paul the fourth hearing of his resignation was much troubled thinking that the Emperor could not doe it seeing it was necessary that beeing desirous to leaue off that degree whereunto hee had beene aduanced by the Popes authority hee should resigne it into the Popes hands whose office it then was to write vnto the Electors to prouide one that were worthy of that dignity who was to obtaine the ordinary confirmation from him wherein Ferdinand afterwards found some difficulty Queene Leonora being in Castille shee had a great desire to see the Infanta Enterview betwixt the mother and the daughter D. Maria of Portugall her daughter who remained at Lisbone wherein there was some difficulty vpon the point of honour and conuenience whether the mother should goe into Portugal or the daughter into Castille so as the Emperour was forced to write somewhat sharply vnto the king D. Iohn In the end the daughter came to see the mother in the city of Badajos which was the last time of their meeting The king of Algier with the helpe of an army at sea of Turkes Oran beseeged and valiantly defended of two and forty gallies and many Moores at land did much annoy the coast of Afrike and in the end came to Oran thinking to take that towne from the Spaniards Being incamped there the seuenth day of August and viewed it where they might plant their battery they beganne to cast vp trenches about the wall planting some peeces to batter the castle of Alchaizer but it was very indiscreetly done for they lay open both to the artillery of the fort and to that of the port Tremisene so as very many of them were slaine Whereupon they were forced to make new rampars and to find out a better seat for their lodgings the which were on euery side discouered their army being great for besides 12000. Turkes there was an infinite number of Moores both horse and foote They staied there some daies before they resolued to batter it for that they could not find a conuenient place but that they should be wonderfully annoyed by the ordnance from the fort which standing high discouered the country round about and shot into their trenches In the meane time the beseeged sallied forth dayly to skirmish and carried away the honour in a manner alwaies and although there were not aboue two thousand souldiers
all the royall familie which was to be auoided All which passions together Inquisitors chiefe of the Councell of Spaine were of such force with the king as he beleeued the Inquisitors without whose aduice there is nothing of importance done in Spaine and others which were of that Councel persuading him that it was lawfull expedient to make away the prince his son and the Queene his wife and the child shee went with which they held to be a son but it proued a daughter whereof they caused her to be deliuered with drinks This Historie was thus reported to queene Catherine dowager of France mother to D. Isabella by such as she had imploied to vnderstād the truth therof by some which had serued the prince D. Charles when he was committed to prison who retyring themselues into France she would heare The suspition the king had of the loyaltie of queene Isabell his wife was not for the prince his Son as many haue beleeued for he was as wee haue said insufficient for women And although he would be idle in speech and that there were found among his papers some notes of his owne hand touching that subiect yet carnall pleasures were the least of his desires and as for the Queene there was nothing more modest in Spain by the report of Spaniards themselues who haue written bookes But it hath beene verified by credible informations that her ill-willers which sought her ruin made vse of the notable malice of a French gentlewoman one of those which was suffered to stay with her when as soone after her comming into the countrie they did order her houshold and limit her traine Treacherie a diuelish reuenge They say that this vnworthie woman for that the Queene had giuen away a place which was void to one of her companions hauing promised it vnto her to be reuenged of her Mistres had giuen it out that she had been indiscreetly and scandalously familiar with the Marquesse of Poza who according to the custome of Spain termed himselfe seruant in shew to her that had bene preferred before her This comming to the kings eares was easily beleeued for hee was alreadie in some doubt hee beeing informed by some wayward spirits that this Marquesse who was of the house of Rojas being a gallant knight did talke more familiarly vnto the queen than any other entertained her with pleasant discourses whereat shee did laugh after the maner of France more freely than it seemed fit for their Spanish grauitie This wound being now again toucht the king sought an occasion to haue this Marquesse apprehended commanding him to keepe his house being in Madrid where going one night forth to visit his mother and an vncle of his that was a bishop retyring verie late home in a night-gowne and slippers being accompanied by two pages which carried torches before him he was set vpon by men vnknown and slaine vpon the place There were diuers opinions concerning this murther but most thoght it was done by the kings secret commaundement Death of the Marquesse of Poza although hee seemed to bee much offended For there being a great sum of money promised by proclamation to them that should discouer the authours and doers of this murther there were many bils set vp in the Portugall tongue declaring that it was the king himselfe which had caused the Marquesse of Poza to be slaine challenging him by way of mockerie to pay the money which hee had promised but they had not set to their names Hereupon there was great search made and some Innocents taken and so cruelly tortured as they died being onely suspected for that they were Portugals The Queene soone after the death of the Prince D. Charles began to find herselfe ill with accidents and apparent signes of poison whereof notwithstanding shee did in no sort doubt but tooke light remedies as one that was with child by the order of such as had bin accustomed to giue her phisick The businesse proceeding slowly contrarie to that which they expected the king hauing one night discoursed long with her touching her infirmitie hee told her plainly that she must take some strong purgation and that his Phisitions who by his commandement did looke vnto her had told him that they despaired of her life if she tooke no other phisicked than that she vsed But as she tooke no delight to change her vsuall maner nor to be phisicked by any other than her owne trusting aboue all others in an Apothecarie of hers borne at Blois she excused her selfe vpon her being with childe saying that shee thought it was a Sonne for that shee found herselfe otherwise disposed then she had beene and that they must consider well thereon But being much prest by the king shee said vnto him that shee would doe what hee pleased not thinking that what they intended was so readie But earely the next day in the morning they brought her a drinke a bole and tablets all of one composition as they said but so varied in form to the end she might take that which was least distastfull vnto her She tooke the poison not distrusting any thing vntill she felt her selfe opprest with great pangs which made her be deliuered of a daughter that was some fiue moneths olde after which shee had vomitings and strange voidings which quencht all the force and vigour that remained in her Being neere her end the king came to visit her in a mourning weed seeming to be much afflicted whome she comforted and among other words shee said vnto him That shee reioyced that she was going to a quiet kingdome Speech of the Queen D. Isabell dying to the king not subiect to alteration as worldlie states be that shee did not craue pardon of him knowing in her conscience that shee had neuer willingly offended him She recommended her wiating women and some French officers whom shee had not meanes to recompence for the seruices they had done her and in the end of October on Saint Francis eue she dyed Christian like She was lamented of all Spaine where they did beleeue that this Princesse was a Saint she was assisted in her sickenesse for matters of conscience by the Cardinall of Espinosa Inquisitor generall D. Bernard of Fresueda bishop of Cuenca the kings Confessor Frier Dominicke de Chauas another of the kings Confessors who had also beene to the prince D. Charles and others She was interred in the Monasterie of las Descalsas built at Madrid by the Infanta D. Ioane Mother to D. Sebastian king of Portugall The Gentlewoman which had slaundred her and was the cause of her misfortune was married in the Countrie and died there the lady of honour serued her daughter D. Isabella Clara Eugenia the rest were sent backe into France from whome they vnderstood these particularities A notable example of the practises of Princes Courts of the vanitie and instabilitie of worldlie greatnesse and of the miseries wherein kings plunge themselues by suspitions
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour