hard Eggs and Green-sauce The Robigalia and Ambarvalia of the Antient Romans did after their Heathenish manner in something resemble these Inâ—â—itutions They were call'd Robigalia from Robigus one of their numerous Deities to whom they ascribed the preserving of Corn from Blasting therefore these Feasts were sacred to him particularly And Ambarvalia quòd victima arva ambiret because the Sacrifice to be offered at that time did walk round the Fields May the 21th 1662. K. Charles was Married at Portsmouth to Donna Catarina Infanta of Portugal by Gilbert Bishop of London May the 22. is a Feast dedicated by the Romanists to one Julia a Holy Devout Virgin and is placed in their Rubrick not mention'd in our Calendar Holy Thursday or Ascension-Day The next Feast celebrated by our Holy Mother the Church is Holy-Thursday or Ascension-Day which is the 40th day after Easter or his Resurrection call'd Holy-Thursday because so Holy a Work was perform'd on this Holy-day and Ascension-day in memory of our Saviour's Ascension into Heaven in the sight of his Apostles and Disciples then present Acts 1.9 there to prepare a place for all true Christians being preceded by whole Legions of Angels and attended by Millions of Saints whom he had discharged set at large out of their imaginary Prison of Limbo as the Romanists fondly conceive In short and in truth this Festival of Christ's Ascension is the Consummation of all he did and taught during his Residence here upon Earth and therefore it was not without great reason termed by the Antients Felix Clausula totius Itinerarii Filii Dei the Sabbath or Consummation of all his labour in the Great and stupendous Work of Man's Redemption This is one of his Majesties Offering-dayes Next comes the 6th Sunday after Easter call'd Exaudi from the beginning of the 27th Psalm Exaudi Domine vocemmeam c. The Week after Ascension-Day is Expectation-Week for now the Apostles were earnestly expecting the promise of our Lord If I go away I will send the Comforter to you Jo. 16.7 King Charles 2d Nat. May the 29th is Celebrated upon a double account first in Commemoration of the Birth of our Soveraign King Charles the Second the Princely Son of his Royal Father Charles the First of happy Memory and Mary the Daughter of Henry the 4th the French King who was born the 29th day of May Anno 1630. and also by Act of Parliament 12 Car. 2. by the Passionate desires of the People in Memory of his most Happy Restauration to his Crown and Dignity after 12 years forced Exile from his undoubted Right the Crown of England by Barbarous Rebels and Regicides and on the 8th of this Month his Majesty was with Universal Joy and great Acclamations Proclaim'd in London Westminster and after throughout all his Dominions the 16th he came to the Hague the 23th with his two Brothers Embarqued for England and on the 25th he happily Landed at Dover being received by General Monk and some of the Army From whence he was by several Voluntary Troops of the Nobility and Gentry waited upon to Canterbury and on the 29th 1660 he made his Magnificent Entrance into that Emporium of Europe his Stately and Rich Metropolis the Renowned City of London On this very day also Anno 1662. the King came to Hampton-Court with his Queen Catharine after his Marriage at Portsmouth as is before mention'd This as it is his Birth-day is one of his Collar-days without Offering Pentecost or Whitsunday After this succeeds the Grand Solemnity of Pentecost or Whitsunday Pentecost from the Greek because 't is the 50th day from Easter or Christ's Resurrection and Whitsunday or White-Sunday from the Catechumeni who were apparell'd in White Garments and on the Eve of this Feast admitted to the Sacrament of Baptisme But Verstegan affirms That it was of old nam'd by our fore-fathers Wied-Sunday or Wihed-Sunday because Wied or Wihed in the Saxon Tongue signifies Sacred Now this Festival was antiently celebrated among the Jewes on the 50th day after the Passeover in the memory of Promulgation of the Divine Law of God on Mount Sinai and our Whitsunday is kept 50 dayes after Easter by all True and Good Christians to commemorate the Mission of the Holy Ghost on that day which descended on the heads of the Apostles in Tongues resembling fire Act. 2.3 who is the only and most Infallible Interpreter of the Divine Law This is one of his Majestie 's Offering-dayes and a Houshold-day when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White Staff-Officers and all the Holy-dayes in whitsun-Whitsun-Week are collar-Collar-days without Offering ember-Ember-Week follows whitsun-Whitsun-day which is one of the 4 Grand Seasons of the Year as is before specified at large Trinity-Sunday Trinity-Sunday falls next in course which is always the Lord's day following and the Octave of Whitsunday so nominated in Honour of the most Blessed Trinity and to signifie unto us that the holy Works of our Redemption and Sanctification which were then Consummated are common to all Three Persons in the Trinity This Festival was first Instituted by Gregory the 4th who then sate in the Episcopal Chair in the year of our Lord 827. It is one of his Majesties Offering-days at White-Hall St. Barnabas June the 11th St. Barnabas the Apostle comes next in the Calendar commonly call'd Barnaby The Name is Hebrew signifying Son of the Master of Prophecy or of Comfort The proper Name given him at his Circumcision was Joses for Joseph by a sweeter Termination or Cadence From the Apostles he received the Sirname of Barnabas He was born in the Isle of Cyprus an Island in the Mediterranean between Cilicia Syria and Aegypt whose Ancestors fled thither for their greater safety in the Tumultuous and Distracted Government of Antiochus Epiphanes or as some imagine when Pompey with his Romans Conquered Judaea He descended of the Tribe of Levi his Parents were Opulent and Pious he was committed to the Tutelage of the Great Doctor of the Law Gamaliel at whose Feet he was educated with his Fellow-Pupil St. Paul He was an Eye-witness of the Miracle in the Cure of the Paralytick at the Pool of Bethesda which soon convinced him of the Divinity of our Saviour He was one of the 70 sold all his Lands on Earth to Purchase in Heaven and when God gave Saul his Fiat for an Apostle's Place they two were Joynt-Commissioners for the Church Fellow-Travellers Consorts and Zealots for Christ c. Dr. Brough on the Fest And both Preached the Gospel in Seleucia Salamis Paphos Cyprus Perga in Pamphilia and here Mark the Son of Barnabas his Sister Mary whom they took with them as their Minister and Attendant weary of this Troublesome Itinerant Life departed from them which occasion'd the unhappy Difference between these two Apostles Paul and Barnabas afterwards they Travell'd to Iconium Lystra Derbe and so back to Antioch and then they parted with some discontent because Barnabas would take
year as it were in a Circle These Ember-Weeks are four in the year and they of old in every one of them fasted on Wednesday Friday and Saturday as you will find it in this ancient Couplet Post Cineres Pentec post Crucem postque Luciam Mercurii Veneris Sabathi Jejunia fiant That is the next Week after Ash-Wednesday Whitsunday Holy-Rood or the Exaltation of the Cross and St. Lucie's Day They are of great Antiquity in the Church being times of Publick Prayer Fasting and Procession and styl'd Quatuor Anni Tempora by the Ancient Fathers for besides the first Institution of them for quarterly Seasons of Devotion proportion'd to every part of the year that the intire year each Division thereof might be blessed thereby they were partly instituted for the successful Ordination of Priests in the Roman Church and partly to beg a Blessing on the Fruits of the Earth and render thanks to God for the same nay besides their answerableness to those Jejunia Quatuor or solemn Fasting-days instituted by the Jews and mentioned by the Prophet Zachary ca. 8. that we Christians might not be inferior to them in so Holy a Duty the Church hath assigned them an Excellent use in imitation of the Apostles Acts 13.3 See a Book Intituled A View of the Directory fol. 56. Much about this time the Aequinox happens which is an Imaginary phancied Line passing just between the two Poles in the midst of Heaven which Lines the Sun travels to twice a year namely about the 11th of March which is call'd the Vernal and the 11th of September the Autumnal Aequinox and equals the Day and Night for length throughout the Universe except with the Inhabitants directly under the Poles and therefore term'd Equinox The second Sunday in Lent is nam'd Reminiscere from the Entrance of the 5th Verse of Psal 25. Reminiscere miserationum tuarum Domine c. Call to Remembrance O Lord thy tender Mercies c. The third Sunday in Lent is call'd Oculi from the entrance of the 14th v. of the 25th Psalm Oculi mei semper ad Dominum c. My Eyes are ever looking unto the Lord. March the 17th St. Patrick's Day a great Saint Worker of Miracles and the much honoured Patron of Ireland The fourth Sunday is call'd Laetare from the beginning of the 10th v. of the 66th Chap. of Isaiah Laetare cum Jerusalem c. Rejoyce with Jerusalem c. It is also term'd Dominica de Rosa from the Golden Rose which the Pope of Rome carrieth in his hand when he walks before the People in the Temple as also Dominica de Panibus or Refectionis because the Miracle of the five Loaves in the Holy Gospel is explained on this Day in the Roman Church but we here in England truly style it Mid-Lent Sunday March the 19th in the Roman Church is Celebrated in Commemoration of St. Joseph Confessor the Husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation of the Holy Virgin The 25th of this Month is the Feast of the Annunciation of the Holy Virgin the Conception of our Saviour vulgarly Lady-Day and this is Celebrated in Commemoration of that most Happy Message or rather Embassy from God which was pronounced by the Angel Gabriel in which she was Declar'd and Proclam'd the Blessed Mother of God St. Luke 1st 31 32. The fifth Sunday in Lent is call'd Judica and Passion-Sunday from the entrance of the 35th Psalm Judica me Deus Discerne Causam meam c. Judg me O Lord Plead thou my Cause c. 'T is term'd Passion-Sunday from the Passion of our Lord which is then near approaching and was Instituted to prepare us worthily for the Religious Celebration thereof On this Day the Romanists clothe all their Crucifixes in their Churches with Mourning Colours in remembrance of our Saviour's going out of the Temple and absconding Himself in order to Dispose us to a Compassion with him Palm-Sunday Palm Sunday Dominica Palmarum or Dominica Magna is the 6th and last Sunday in Lent immediately preceding Easter 'T is call'd Palm-Sunday or Dominica Palmarum which is the same in Latin from the Branches of Palm which the Jews strewed under his feet at his Triumphant Entrance into Jerusalem upon an Ass crying Hosanna to the Son of David St. Matth. 21.25 and hence it is that the Romanists do annually on this day blesse the Palm and go solemnly in Procession in honour of our Saviour's Triumph all the people carrying Boughs or Branches of Palm in their hands It hath the Name Dominica Magna or the Great Lord's-Day because of the Great and many Infallible good things that were confer'd on the Faithful the Week ensuing namely Death abolished Slander and the Tyranny of Satan remov'd by the painful and ignominious Death of our Saviour This is call'd the Holy-Week because Men gave over their worldly employ Courts were shut up Prisoners freed and many Prayers and Offices perform'd by the Holy Church in order to our Preparation for the Grand Feast of Easter and the Week of Fasts because fasting was then increas'd with Watching Prayer for they did lye on the ground and when they did eat on these six days their Food was only Bread Salt and Water The next Wednesday after Palm-Sunday was the Day whereon the Scribes and Pharisees sate in Council against the Lord of Life the Thursday following the Parasceue Greek or Preparation of the Legal Passeover and the Institution of the Lord's Supper that very night which is otherwise nam'd Maundy Thursday quasi Mandati Thursday being the last Thursday in Lent and first before Easter from fulfilling the Mandate or Command of our Saviour which arose from an ancient Ceremony frequently practis'd by Prelates in Cathedral Churches and Religious Houses and is in imitation of Christ who on the Evening of this Day after his last Supper and before he Instituted the Blessed Sacrament washed his Disciples feet acquainting them withal that they must do so likewise to one another which is the Mandate whence the Day takes Denomination At the beginning of the said Ceremony Christ utter'd these words soon after he had washed their feet Joh. 13.34 which are sung as an Antiphone Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos Good Friday The next Day is styl'd Good-Friday because the Good Work of Man's Redemption was then Consummated the Cause of all our good and true ground of all our joy it being the most Sacred and Memorable Day of the Bloody Passion of Christ on the Cross which was a sufficient Attonement or Satisfaction for the Sins of Mankind And here it will not be amiss for the Reader to take notice in order to his understanding it when he meets it in Authors that in the Roman Church the Offices call'd Tenebrae are Sung on Thursday Friday and Saturday of this Holy or Great Week and that in Lamentation of our Saviour's Passion and because these are still anticipated in the Rehearsal the
Evening of the foregoing Wednesday Thursday and Friday hath obtain'd the Appellation of Tenebrae-Days from the Latin Tenebrae or the French Tenebres Days of Darkness or Dark Days because thereby they represent the Darkness that attended and accompanied our Lord's Crucifixion and then also that Church extinguisheth all her Lights and after some silence when the whole office is concluded they make a sudden great noise to represent the rending the Veil of the Temple and the disorder the whole frame of Nature was in at the death of her Maker Their Matins also or Morning-Service is on the first three days before Easter begun with very many Lights but ended in Darkness representing thereby the Night-time wherein they seized and apprehended our Saviour in the Garden Gethsemani in which Office there are 15 Tapers lighted at the first and placed in a Candlestick of a Triangular form viz. as many as there are Canticles in the Office and at the conclusion of every Canticle or Psalm one of the 15 Tapers or Lights is put out and so gradually till they are all extinguished Easter The next to this great Week that Great and High Feast of Easter or the Resurrection of the Holy Jesus after his three days Interment in the Grave succeeds and is styl'd Pasche Pascha or Easter 'T is call'd Pascha a Passeover not in memory of the Angels transit in Egypt the Jewish Passeover being a Holy Action appointed by God in the killing and eating of a Lamb partly that the Church of the Jews might remember the Benefits God confer'd upon them in passing over the Houses and not smiting them Exod. 12.11 but our Feast is celebrated in Commemoration of the Resurrection of Christ tho we still retain the Name Pascha not only because the Lamb that was kil'd by the Jews of old in their Passeover was a true Type of the Lamb of God Christ Jesus which was sacrificed for Man's Salvation but because at that very time he passed to his Father from this World 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pesach signifies Transitio a passage from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pasach Transire to pass or because then there was made a passage from an Old to a New Life in Span. nam'd Florida a florido vernanti anni tempore from the flourishing and Spring-time of the year in which it falls 'T is call'd Easter from Eoster a Goddess of the ancient Saxons whose Feast they kept in the Month of April Cam. or as Minshew gives it in regard that then the Sun of Righteousness did rise as the Sun in the East and therefore Easter comes from the East Now this is the Basis of all the Lord's-Days in the year tho it be a Moveable Feast and falls sometimes higher sometimes lower as all the Moveable Feasts do but the time of Easter being known the rest are soon discovered and thus you may know when Easter will fall Post Martis Nonas ubi sit Nova Luna requiras Et cum transierit bis Septima Pascha patebit Or thus Inde dies Solis tertia Pascha venit But take it in English more plainly thus Easter-Day is always the first Sunday after the first full Moon which shall happen next after the 11 day of March and if the full Moon fall on a Sunday the Sunday after will be Easter Day Now tho this Rule be true enough as to the Gregorian yet it is not applicable to our Julian Accompt which the Table of Moveable Feasts in the Common-Prayer Book Calculated for 40 years regardeth only and must be followed till His Majesty Commands another and one reason is the Precession of the Aequinoctium Vernum which from the first Nicene Council to this time hath Anticipated 11 days falling now the 10th of March whereas it was on the 21th and the reason of this Anticipation is that the Julian exceeds the Solar year 10 Minutes and 48 Seconds or thereabout which causes the Aequinoxes and Solstices yearly to change their Places and go backward so many Minutes and Seconds The Lunations also by reason of the great quantity allow'd them do every 19 years anticipate almost an hour and a half and in 312 years and a half one whole day and therefore not exactly to be found by the Golden Number tho on those Lunations Easter depends as of it all the Moveable Feasts which is the other Cause of those Errors and both together the first occasion of the Roman Emendation whereby that Church doth always produce Easter on the Sunday following the first full Moon next after the Vernal Aequinox according to the Deeree of the Nicene Council This occasion'd that Error that all the Astrologers were guilty of viz. 5. Weeks Mistake in 1663 and one Week in 1664 and it is the 20th time it hath so happened since 1600 but in the Years 2437 2461 2491 there will be 42 days Error and some time afterward no less than 49 days and after the Year 2698 if the Old Calendar be still retain'd it will never agen happen according to the Rule of the Church as before Thus far Mr. G. Wharton Easter-Day and the rest of the Moveable Feasts Anno 1668 according to the Julian Accompt fell full as soon or low in the Year upon its nearest Limit or Boundary as ever it could which hath not hapned from 1573 till this Year nor will so fall out agen in 247 years till the year 1915 which will be 239 years from this Year before it so happen Here you may also Observe That Easter always falls between the 21th of March and the 26th of April these two dayes being excluded for it never happens on but between them Easter-day is one of his Majesties Offering-dayes at Court being a Houshold-day also when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White-Staffe-Officers All the Holy-dayes in Easter week are his Majesties Collar but not Offering-dayes Next follows the Quinquagesimal Interval of 50 dayes between Easter and Whitsontide which the Primitive Christians observ'd as an intire Festival in honour of the Resurrection and Ascension of the Holy Ghost with great Exultation and exceeding Joy it contains 6 Sundays Low-Sunday The first is Low-Sunday Dominica in Albis or Quasimodogeniti 'T is styl'd Low-Sunday because 't is a Low Festival in comparison of Easter-Day the preceding high Festival It is the Octave of Easter-Day nam'd Dominica in Albis in regard of the Angels who appear'd at the Resurrection in White Garments and from the Catechumeni or Neophyts i.e. persons lately Converted to the Faith newly taught the Principles of Religion but not Baptiz'd or if Baptiz'd not yet admitted to the Eucharist White Garments the Emblems of Innocence which in old times they usually put on at their Baptism and in the Church on this day were solemnly devested of them or for that those who had been Baptiz'd receiv'd then the Bishop's Confirmation and put on other white Vestments which they wore till the next Sunday 'T is call'd
his Cousin Mark with him which St. Paul denied by reason of his weak Desertion and he went to Silas but Barnabas with his Cousin Mark to his own Country Cyprus though some say Rome but 't is most probable Cyprus in the last period of his Life where he Converted great numbers but some Syrian Jews coming to Salamis where he then was furiously set upon as he was Teaching in the Synagogue in a Corner whereof they shut him up till night then brought him forth and after unexpressible Tortures stoned him This Barnaby-day or thereabout is the Summer Solstice or Sun-sted when the Sun seems to stand and begins to go back being the longest day in the year about the 11th or 12th of June it is taken for the whole time when the days appear not for 14 days together either to lengthen or shorten Corpus-Christi June the 14th is corpus-christi-Corpus-Christi-day that is the Festival of the Body of our Lord a Feast that owes its Institution to Urban the 4th Prelate of Rome about the year of God 1264. in honour of the Body of Christ or Blessed Sacrament of the Altar On this Day in all Catholick Countreys during the Octave of this Feast and the Sacrament is most solemnly carried about in Procession to be adored by the People the Priests and they all Expressing their Devotion in Hymns Songs and Prayers accompanied with all the Testimonies of Pious Affections as they term it as Musick Lights Flowers strewed all along the Streets their richest Tapestries hung out upon the Walls c. The next Sunday is the first Sunday after Trinity and the Sundays after are call'd 1st 2d 3d c. according to their Numeral order from their succession of Trinity till the 1st Advent-Sunday St. Iohn Baptist The 24th of June is St. John Baptist's or commonly Midsummer-Day which needs no interpretation The Name John in Hebrew is Gracious and Baptist is a Greek word signifying Washer or Dipper by way of Eminence because he Baptized our Saviour in the River Jordan and was the first that Baptized This Festival is in Commemoration of St. John the Son of Zachary and Elizabeth who was one of the Tribe of Levi and he that shewed us the Lamb of God who taketh away the Sins of the World yet was this Devout and Austere Saint the Praecursor or Fore-runner of our Saviour beheaded by Herod the Blood-thirsty Tetrarch at the desire and request of Herodias the Relict of his Brother Philip Anno Dom. 30. This is one of His Majestie 's Offering-Days at Whitehall and the day appointed for the Election of the two Sheriffs of London and Middle-sex St. Peter and St. Paul On the 29th of June is celebrated the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul Peter in the Greek signifies a Stone or Rock Paul Hebrew Wonderful or worst but Cardinal Baronius derives it from the Latin and makes it signifie Little or Humble They are both joyned in one Solemnity for these Reasons because they were both Principal and Joynt Co-operators under our Lord and Saviour in the Conversion of the World it falling to St. Peter's lot to Convert the Jews and St. Paul's the Gentiles for this Cause St. Paul was nam'd the Apostle of the Gentiles as also in regard they were both Martyr'd at Rome St. Peter the Chief and Head of the Apostles Preached the Gospel in Pontus Cappadocia Bithynia and Galatia and at last at Rome where he was disgracefully Crucified under that Tyrant and Monster of Men Nero with his Head downward for according to Tradition it was his own desire and there he was also Interred St. Paul whose former Name was Saul Hebr. Lent of the Lord or as some will have it Fox before his Conversion being a violent Persecutor when St. Stephan was stoned kept the Murderers Cloaths and when cruel Commissioners were sent to Scourge Kill and slay all that called on the Name of Christ he carried the Letters He was a Jew born brought up at the feet of Gamaliel Learned and his Principle pardoned Conscientious too The Voice of our Saviour to him out of Heaven Acts 9.38 with a Light strook him blind and down and did both unhorse and un-Jew him He ask'd and was directed what course to steer goes to Ananias and receives at once his Sight and Baptism and thenceforth the World becomes his Charge and Conquest and the Gentiles his special care Being thus called after Christ's Assumption and Registred in the Catalogue of his Apostles he Preached the Gospel the Professors whereof he formerly persecuted with so great fury and heat from Jerusalem to Illyricum Spain and Italy and was beheaded by the bloody Sword of the Emperor Nero on a Sunday being the third Calends of July or the 29th of June according to our Julian Computation and so was also St. Peter now as they both suffered they both lye buried together This Day the Church keeps and we most concern'd his Gentile-Converts have greatest cause of all to observe to his Memory but to thy Glory O Christ Dr. Brough of the Holy Feasts and Festivals of the Church of England This is one of the King's collar-Collar-days without Offering Visitation of Mary In July the first we meet with is the Visitation of Mary instituted and observ'd by the Church of Rome in Honor of the Mother of God and in Memory of her visiting St. Elizabeth after she had Conceiv'd the Son of God at whose presence St. John the Baptist leaped in the Womb of his Mother St. Luke 1.41 This is a Festival in the Roman Rubrick not in ours St. swithin's-Swithin's-Day On the 15th of this Month is St. swithin's-Swithin's-Day Swithin Saxon comes from the old English Switheahn that is very High as Celsus with the Romans This name was taken up in Honour of St. Swithin the Holy Bishop of Winchester about the year of our Lord 860 and call'd the Weeping St. Swithin for that about this time Praesepe Aselli two Rainy Constellations in the Sign Cancer arise Cosmically that is together with the Sun or in the same Degree of the Ecliptick with him and commonly cause Rains Cambden Dog-days Dies Caniculares or Sirius certain days that begin toward the latter end of June and end the latter end of August so call'd of Canicula the little Dog-star which then riseth with the Sun being Predominant and greatly increaseth his heat during the time of its Reign 'T is nam'd Sirius from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hâ—e Siccandâ— to dry up Propterea quod fluvios fontes nimio calore exiccet because it dries up the Rivers and Fountains by its Excessive heat vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ab evacuando from evacuating quod Corpora nostra sudoribus evacuet because it cleanseth our Bodies by sweat Here I presume we may appositely insert an account of the Spanish Invasion abstracted out of History because they were Engaged and Discomfitted this Month In the 21th year of the Reign of Q. Eliz. Anno Dom. 1588. the Spanish
mark of Distinction from all other Nations which Ceremony was always strictly observ'd among them but abrogated after the Resurrection and Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ This Fast is one of His Majesties Offering-Days at Court whereon Gold Myrrh and Frankincense is offered and being celebrated on the first of January the second is term'd the Octave of St. Stephan the third of St. John and the fourth of the blessed Innocents Epiphanie The next we meet with in the order of the Calendar is Epiphanie or twelfth-Twelfth-day Epiphanie is a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies an Arparition so called and celebrated in memory and honour of our Saviours manifestation made to the Gentiles by a miraculous Comet or Blazing-Star by virtue whereof the three Magi or Sages vulgarly called the three Kings of Colen were conducted to him who upon Discovery of that Star came out of the East to Palestine or Jewry to adore him in the Manger where a Twelve-month after Christ's Birth the first of them is as Tradition delivers it down to us nam'd Melchior an aged Man with a long Beard who offered Gold to our Saviour as to a King in testimony of his Regality the second Jasper a Beardless Youth who offered Frankincense as unto God in acknowledgment of his Divinity the third Balthasar a Black or Moor with a large spreading Beard who offered Myrrh as to a Man that was ready or fit for his Sepulchre thereby signifying his Humanity of which this Distich is extant Tres Reges Regi Regum tria dona ferebant Myrrham Homini Uncto Aurum Thura dedêre Deo Englished thus Three Kings the King of Kings Three Gifts did bring Myrrh Incense Gold as to God Man and King And the Poet Prudentius sings sweetly on this Subject in this following Tetrastich Hic pretiosa Magi sub Virginis ubere Christo Dona ferunt Puero Myrrhaeque Thuris Auri Miratur Genitrix tot casti ventris honores Seque Deum genuisse Hominem Regemque supremum And thus Translated by Dr. Spark in his Primitive Devotion The Wise-men here choice Treasures do dispence To Christ and Mary Myrrh Gold Frankincense While thus astonish'd at this Glorious thing A Maid at once to bear God Man and King Or 't is so call'd from the appearing of the Holy Ghost in the shape of a Dove at his Baptism 30 years after for this sixth of January was the day of our Saviour's Baptism and is Celebrated as such by the Church and therefore 't is term'd by Alcas Cyriacus an Arabick Manuscript of Astronomical Tables in the Archbishop's Archives in the Library of Oxford the Feast of Epiphanie or Benediction of Waters On this day also is commemorated the first Miracle performed by our Saviour at the Wedding in Cana of Galilee where he turn'd Water into Wine The Vigil or Eve of this Festival so nam'd from Vigilia in Latin Watohing because then Christians were wont to Watch Fast and Pray in their Churches was call'd in the Primitive Times Vigilia Luminum and the Ancients then were accustomed to send Lights one to the other This day was of old Celebrated in honour of Augustus Caesar by the Romans for his Conquest of Media Aegypt and Parthia which were after added to their Empire but the Holy Church willing to alter that Solemnity and introduce a better instituted this Feast of the Epiphanie in lieu of it 'T is styl'd Twelfth-Day because Celebrated on the 12th day after the Nativity of the Blessed Jesus exclusively not taking in Christmas-Day for one This is also one of His Majesties Offering-days at White-hall St. Paul January the 25th is kept the Festival known by the Name of the Conversion of St. Paul that once bloody Persecutor of the People of God tho through his Mercy he afterward became the great Apostle of the Gentiles and was Martyr'd at Rome for the faith of Christ but inserted in our Rubrick since His Majestie 's Restauration Anno Dom. 1664. January the 30th January the 30th A Day Nigro carbone notandus and not to be thought upon without Horror Consternation 'T is kept annually as a solemn Fast for the barbarous unexampled Murder of the best of Kings Charles the First of blessed Memory and is by Act of Parliament 12. Car. 2di set apart to implore the Mercy of God that the guilt of the innocent Blood of this Royal Martyr may not hereafter be visited upon us and our Posterity c. Purification of the blessed Virgin February the 2d is Candlemas-Day or the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Candlemas-Day 't is call'd from the Saxon Candlemaesse the Mass or Feast of Candles the old Saxons term all Holy-days Mass-days because they were obliged to hear Mass on those days or because High Mass was then Sung for before Mass is said on that day the Roman Church blesseth deputeth or sets apart her Candles for sacred use which do serve in the Church all the ensuing year and goes in Procession with Hallowed Candles carried by the Romanists in commemoration of the Divine Light wherewith our Saviour Illuminated the Universal Church at his Presentation when the Good Aged Simeon styled him a Light to lighten the Gentiles and the Glory of his People Israel Luk. 2.32 and both by Simeon and Anna proclamed to be the true Messiah 'T is nam'd also the Purification from Purifico to Purifie kept in memory both of the Presentation of our Blessed Lord and the Purification of the Holy Virgin in the Temple of Jerusalem within the space of forty days after her Happy Delivery of the Holy Child Jesus in obedience to the Mosaical Law as it is set down Leviticus the 12th and the 6th not that the Blessed Virgin had contracted any Impurity by her Child-birth which stood in need of Purification being the Mother of Purity in the very Abstract but partly because as Mr. Lightf says in his Harmony of the four Evangelists that Christ in nothing might be wanting to the Law and partly that this might be an occasion for the first publick Declaration of him by Simeon and Anna The Dutch call this Day Lichtmiss the Mass or Feast of Lights see the Saxon Dictionary by Summers and was Instituted by Justinian the Emperor Anno Christi 542. Besides 't is one of the four Gawdy or Grand-Days in the Inns of Court which singly fall out in every Term Candlemas or the Purification in Hilary Ascension or Holy Thursday in Easter Midsummer or St. John Baptist's in Trinity All Saints or Allhollandtide in Michaelmas Term. These four are no Days in the Courts at Westminster and in the Inns of Court on these Days double Commons are allow'd and Musick and Revelling on All-Saints and Candlemas-Day as the first and last day of Christmas The Etymologie of the word may be taken from Judge Gawdy who as 't is affirm'd by some was the first Instituter of these Days or rather from the Latin Gaudium because they are Days of Joy
Inhabitants of Asia some others grounding their Practice on an Apostolical Tradition would not Fast on the Saturday therefore the Week call'd Septuagesima was added to supply the seven days of Sexagesima 2. For it 's own Signification in that thereby is signified unto us the Exile and Affliction of Mankind from Adam to the last general Conflagration and therefore all Holy Hymns and Sacred Anthems of Joy are intermitted by our Holy Mother the Church during the time of Septuagesima 3. To represent the 70 years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon and as at that time the Israelites laid aside their Instrument saying Quomodo cantabimus Canticum Domini c. so the Church leaves off her Songs of Praises during this time Sexagesima was instituted by Melchiades Bp. of Rome a Martyr who flourished An. Dom. 311. and ordained that none should Fast on Friday because of the Lord's Supper and his Ascension on that day so neither on the Sunday which being the first day of the Week solemnizeth our Saviour's Resurrection to distinguish between Christians and Gentiles therefore the Ancients to redeem the Fridays in Quinquagesima added this other Week to the Fast call'd by them Sexagesima The next Sunday is Quinquagesima The Holy Church Commands a Fast to be observ'd consisting of 40 days before Easter styl'd Quadragesima or the Holy time of Lent wherein there are but 36 days besides the Lord's-Days on which she fasts not for joy of the Resurrection now to supply this Defect four days of the foregoing Week were added to the Quadragesimal Fast and afterward it was first by Telesphorus Bishop of Rome and Martyr who flourished Anno Dom. 142. and since that by Pope Gregory the Great Decreed that all Priests should begin their Fast two days sooner viz. two days before the additional four pre-mentioned that as they preceded the Laity in Dignity they might also in Sanctity and Holiness therefore this Week Quinquagesima was added to the Week Quadragesima Shrovetide Next we come to Shrovetide or Carneval which is derived from the Saxon Shrive or Shrift and the Belgick Tyde or Tijdt i.e. the time of shriving or confession of Sins for about this time the Roman Catholicks use to confess their Sins and receive the blessed Sacrament to the end they might more Religiously observe the Holy time of Lent then immediately ensuing 'T is call'd Carneval being a dissolute Season or Licentious Time qu. valeat caro because then they bid adieu to eating of Flesh and feed on Fish Ash-Wednesday Ash-Wednesday is the Beginning or Head of the Fast of Lent and was by Gregory the Great Pope of Rome Dedicated to the Consecration and sprinkling with Ashes and therefore call'd in Latine Dies Cinerum or Ash-Wednesday by the Ancients Caput Jejunii the Head of Fasting or first beginning of Lent yet as Hospinian affirms there is extant an Homily composed by Maximus Bishop of Tours in France with this Inscription In Die Cinerum which shews the Institution thereof to be before his Time because Maximus Taurinensis liv'd 170 years before him viz. Anno Dom. 420. 'T is call'd Ash-Wednesday from the ancient Ceremony of Blessing Ashes on that Day and therewith the Priest signeth the People on the Forehead in the form of a Cross affording them withal this wholsom Admonition Memento Homo quod Pulvis es in Pulverem reverteris Remember Man that thou art Dust and to Dust thou shalt return to mind them of their Mortality and prepare them for the Holy Fast of Lent the Ashes used this day in the Church of Rome are made of the Palms consecrated the Sunday Twelve-month before and formerly in the Easterin Countries they usually on this Day wore Sack-cloth and sprinkled Ashes on the Heads of the People which was done in token of sincere Humiliation and a true and unfeigned sorrow for Sin St. David St. David's vulgarly and ludibriously nick-nam'd St. Taffie's Day which is on the first of March is a British Holy-Day and observ'd by them very solemnly in Honour and Commemoration of St. David their worthy Patron who is by their Records and Tradition justified to be a Prelate of Eminent Holiness and Austerity of Life a Person of great Learning a most Florid and Eloquent Preacher of the Word of God and Archbishop of Menevy now taking from him the Name of St. David s in Pembrokeshire He flourished in the fifth and sixth Age after the Incarnation of Christ and died aged 140 years as Dr. Pits testifieth in his Treatise Intituled De Illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus The Britains on this Day constantly wear a Leek in Memory of a Famous and Notable Victory obtain'd by them over the Saxons they during the Battel having Leeks in their Hats for their Military Colours and Distinction of themselves by the perswasion of the said Prelate St. David The first Sunday in Lent is call'd Quadragesima the second Reminiscere the third Oculi the fourth Laetare the fifth Iudica the fixth Dominica Magna of these in order Quadragesima or the first Sunday in Lent so call'd because it is distant 40 days from the grand Feast of Easter containing the Lenten Fast as it was observ'd by the Primitive Christians in imitation of our Saviour's Fasting in the Desart 40 days and 40 nights it is call'd also Invocavit because on that Day the Church sings Invocavit me ego exaudiam eum or that taken out of Psalm the 90th v. 3 4. 'T is styl'd Lent so call'd from the old Saxons who nominated March Lenct Monat i. e. Length Month because the Days then begin to lengthen and exceed the Nights Now this Month being so named by our Ancestors when they did first imbibe or embrace Christianity and therewith also the ancient and Religious Custom of Fasting this Season is peculiarly term'd the Fast of Lent by reason of the Lenct-Monat or Month of March wherein the major part of the time of this Grand Fasting always hapned Sir Richard Baker saith in his Chronology that it was first commanded to be observ'd here among us in England by Ercombert the 7th King of Kent in or about the year of our Lord 641. So that it is of Antiquity in this Nation and no upstart and new-fangled Fast Then we meet with Ember-Week so named from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Dies Days by way of Emphasis the Grand Days of Fasting as some are of opinion others conceive that they are call'd the Days of Ashes or Ember-Days from that as Ancient as Religious Custom of wearing Hair-Cloth and using Ashes in times of Publick Penance and Piety or from the Antiquated usage of eating no other Food on those Days till Night only a Cake baked under the Embers or Ashes which they call'd Panem Subcineritium or Ember-Bread Turb Cath. Yet Sir Henry Spelman saith De Conciliis that the true and genuine word is Imber from the Saxon Imbren i. e. a Circle because the Ember-days move round the
Quasimodogeniti from the entrance in the 1 Peter 2.2 Quasimodogeniti Infantes Rationabiles sine dolore lac concupiscite St. George April the 23th is the Day Dedicated to the Memory of St. George the Martyr of Cappadocia and is honoured by the Georgians the Inhabitants of a Country call'd Georgia situated between Colchos Caucasus the Caspian-Sea and Armenia heretofore Iberia and Albania they do highly reverence and honour this Saint He also is our Patron and the same Person that the Knights of the Garter have formerly so much honoured they being alwayes on that day only Install'd at Windsor This is one of his Majesties collar-Collar-days without Offering at White-Hall St. Mark The 25th of this Month is St. Mark 's Day A Feast in Honour of the Evangelist who wrote the Life Acts Miracles Death and Resurrection of our Saviour Christ He was the first Prelate of Alexandria where he Taught the Gospel and also all over the adjacent Regions from the Country of Aegypt to Pentapolis He was Martyr'd at Alexandria in the time of the Tyrant Trajan which was thus executed They fastned a Cable-Rope about his Neck wherewith they dragg'd him from the place call'd Bucolus to another term'd Angels where the raging Idolaters burned him to ashes against whom he preached Anno Domini 63. and was Interred at Bucolus praemention'd This is one of his Majesties Collar-dayes without offering Misericordia The second Sunday after Easter is term'd Misericordia from the Entrance of the fifth Verse of the 32 Psalm Misericordia Domini plena est Terra c. Philip and Iacob May-Day or St. Philip and St. James vulgarly but falsly call'd Philip and Jacob Philip is a Greek word and signifies a Lover of Horses Jacob Hebr. a Supplanter May-day 't is call'd because the first of May a day of Mirth and Jollity among the Common Herd and Philip and James because dedicated to the two Apostles and Martyrs of that name The former of the City of Bethsaida who preached in Phrygia and Converted the Eunuch Candaules It is affirm'd by some Authors that he sent 12 Disciples into our Country of Britain to work the Conversion of them In conclusion the Pagans seized him and put him to the Ignominious death of his Lord and Master at the City Hierapolis about the Year of our Lord 53. The later viz. St. James the Lesser James is a Name wrested from Jacob was Son to Alphaeus and Pen-man of that Excellent Epistle which goes under his Name for his Wisdome and Piety sirnamed the Just He was created Bishop of Jerusalem after the Ascension and Governed that Church 30 years compleat where he was most Inhumanely first stoned and afterward being placed on the Top of a Pinacle of the Temple precipitated from thence and being half dead and his Thighes broken and lifting up his hands to Heaven he was knock'd on the head with a great Fuller's Club this Bloody Butchery was Executed on this Saint in the Seventh Year of the Sanguinary Emperour Nero. This is also one of his Majestie 's Collar-days without Offering Holy Cross or Holy-Rood-day May the 3d is Inventio Crucis i. e. the Invention of the Holy-Cross or Holy-Rood-day and is in the Roman tho not in our Rubrick of which there are two call'd Holy-Rood-dayes viz. this being on the 3d. of May and the Exaltation of the Cross on the 14th of September 'T is a Feast in Commemoration as the Romanists believe of the Miraculous and Wonderful Invention or finding out the Holy Cross on which the Blessed Jesus suffered by St. Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great after it had been conceal'd and buried in the Earth by the Painims the space of 180 years in place whereof they had erected a Statue to their wanton Deity Venus 'T is called Holy-Rood-Day and Holy Cross because of the great Sanctity it receiv'd by touching and bearing the Oblation of the most precious Body of Christ and Rood is an old Saxon word signifying a Cross or the Image of Christ on the Cross being compos'd generally of Wood and erected in a Loft for that purpose just over the passage of the Church into the Chancel Fuller The third Sunday after Easter as it falls in course here is styl'd Jubilate from the beginning of Psalm the 65. Jubilate Deo omnis Terra c. The fourth Sunday Cantate from the entrance of the 98th Psalm Cantate Domino Cantieum Novum c. May the 14th our most Gracious and Soveraign Princess Donna Catarina Landed at Portsmouth in order to the confirmation of her solemn Nuptials with His Majesty our Dread Soveraign Charles the Second whom God long preserve in health and happiness Rogation-Sunday Next follows Rogation-Sunday the fifth Sunday after Easter the Week following is call'd Rogation-Week or Vocem Jucunditatis the Institution or Restauration whereof is by Historians attributed to Claudius Mamertus or Mamercus Bishop of Vienne in France Anno Dom. 452. or as some say 466. being the fifth Sunday after Easter from the like entrance Vocem Jucunditatis annunciate audiatur c. and Rogation Sunday or Week which is always the next but one before Whitsunday à Rogando Deum as being once tho we cannot affirm that now Consecrated above all other Weeks of the year in an extraordinary manner unto Prayers Litanies and Supplications and are still enjoyn'd by the Church to all persons among the Roman Catholicks on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday with Abstinence from flesh for these Reasons First for a Devout Preparative to the Feast of Christ's most glorious Ascension and Pentecost which is shortly after 2. Because the fruits of the Earth are tender and in danger being in the Blossom 3. For that much about this time of the year Monarchs and Potentates begin to undertake their Wars upon both which Considerations all Good and Pious Christians have great Reason to be frequent with God in Rogations and Prayers at this time particularly and for this cause it is that the Solemnization of Matrimony is prohibited by the Holy Church from the first day in this Week until Trinity Sunday following The Belgians or Dutch-men call it Cruys-Week that is Cross-week and so 't is also nam'd in some Parts of England because the Priest on these days goes in Procession with the Cross before him In the old Saxon 't is nam'd Gangdagas i. e. Dayes of Walking or Perambulation In the North of England Gang-week from the ganging or going in Procession for Gang there as well as in the Saxon signifies to go from an Antient and Commendable Custome tho discontinued in the time of the late Unnatural Rebellion to make Perambulations and Processions with the Young Children in every Parish and Township with us to view and understand the Ancient Limits and Boundaries of every Parish to prevent all manner of Incroachments Contentions and Suits at Law In the Inns of Court 't is known by the name of Grass-week because the Students Commons on some days that Week consist much of Salads
third in the year following Holy-Cross or Holy-rood-Day St. Matthew On the 21th of this Month is Celebrated the Festival of St. Matthew Heb. Reward an Apostle and one of the four Holy Secretaries of the most Sacred Gospel He was by Birth a Jew by Profession a Publican or Toll-Customer was at length Converted and became a Disciple Apostle Euangelist and Martyr He wrote the Gospel of Christ in the Hebrew Language and delivered it to James the Brother of our Lord who was at that time Bishop of Jerusalem He Preached in the Kingdom of Aethiopia where he was kindly entertain'd by the Eunuch Chamberlain or Chief Governor to Candace Queen of Aethiopia as it is Recorded in the Acts of the Apostles Acts the 8th 27th and was so successful in his Teaching that he prevail'd and perswaded Aeglippus the King and his People to be Baptized but after his Decease there succeeded him one Hyrtacus by name who Detested the Apostle and therefore Commanded him to be run through with a Sword which was accordingly done Anno Dom. 71. This is one of His Majestie 's collar-Collar-Days without Offering St. Michael the Arch-Angel The 29th of this Month is the Feast of St. Michael Heb. who is like God the Arch-Angel who figur'd Christ or Michaelmas that is a Solemnity or Mass in honour of St. Michael Prince of the Heavenly Host and one of the Nine Orders of Angels aswel to Commemorate that famous Battle fought by him and them in Heaven against the red Dragon or the Devil and his Apostate Angels Apoc. 12. in Defence of God's Honour as also say the Romanists to Commend the whole Church of God to their Patronage and Prayers and by them 't is nam'd the Dedication of St. Michael because there is a Church at Rome dedicated on that day to St. Michael by Pope Boniface This is one of King Charles his Offering-Days at His Court of Whitehall And on this day also the Lord Mayor of the City of London for the year ensuing is Elected There is another Feast observ'd by the Romanists call'd the Apparition of St. Michael and is in Commemoration of his Wonderful Appearance on Mount Garganus where as the Papists fondly flatter themselves by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him in the time of Pope Gelasius St. Luke October the 18th is a Day Consecrated to the Memory of St. Luke Heb. Taken the Euangelist Syria was the Place of his Nativity by Profession he was a Physician of Antioch after that an Euangelist and the Holy Penman of the Acts of the Apostles in their Peregrination but especially of St. Paul's He died at Ephesus in the 84th year of his Age where he was inhum'd Anno Christi 74 and was together with Andrew and Timothy Translated to Constantinople many years after in the Reign of Constantius Son of Constantine the Great but Nicephorus the Historian says that he was Hang'd on a Green Olive-Tree This is one of His Majestie 's collar-Collar-Days without Offering The 21th of this Month Dedicated to Ursula Lat. a little She-Bear The Name of a Female Saint heretofore of great Honour and still continued in the Calendar and this Day was kept solemnly in Commemoration of a Famous Religious British Virgin who notwithstanding the Tenderness of her Sex and her Zeal for the true Religion was most Inhumanly Martyred under Attila King of the Huns styled Flagellum Dei a Bloody but Valiant Scythian who over-ran Italy and Gallia and at the Perswasion or rather Intreaty of Pope Leo retired into Hungary St. Simon and Jude The 28th is the Festival of St. Simon and Jude Simon Heb. Hearing or Obedient sirnamed Zelotes Gr. Fervent was born in Cana a Town of Galilee the Son of Mary and Cleophas as Euseb affirms L. 3. C. 11. and taught the Gospel in Aegypt and Persia from thence he returned and succeeded St. James in the Bishoprick of Jerusalem where under the Reign of the Emperor Trajan he was Crucified in the 120th year of his Age and consequently the last Martyr of all the Apostles St. Jude Heb. Jude Judah and Jehudah all three signifie Confession called also Thaddaeus and Lebbaeus Preached the Holy Gospel to the Edessaeans a sort of People of Edessa a City of Syria and throughout all Mesopotamia he was Murdered at Berytus a City of Phoenicia in the Reign of Agbarus King of Edessa according to the most Authentick Tradition where he was very Honorably Sepulchred in the year of our Lord 21. This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering The next day after being the 29th is a day whereon the Elected Mayor for that year accompanied with the Aldermen of London on Horseback to the River of Thames and the Companies of Freemen wait upon him in Barges with Drums and Trumpets to Westminster and there he walks with the Aldermen round the Hall and then goes up to the Exchequer where he is Sworn and returns to the City and at his Landing he is waited upon by several Companies of Soldiers and several stately Pageants are erected and carried about in a Triumphant manner All Saints November 1st Begins with the Festival of All Saints or Allhallows and this time is commonly call'd Allhallontide T is a Solemnity in Honour and Memory of all the Saints as the Papists maintain that so at least they may obtain the Patronage and Prayers of them all since the whole year is much too short to afford us a Particular Feast for every Saint All Souls The next day Novemb. 2d is All-Souls a Day Instituted by the Church of Rome in Commemoration of all the Faithful departed this Life that by the Prayers and Suffrages of the Living they may be discharged of their purging Pains and at last obtain Life Everlasting to this purpose the Day is kept Holy till Noon Hence proceeds the Custom of Soul-Mass Cakes which are a kind of Oat-Cakes that some of the Richer sort of Persons in Lancashire and Herefordshire among the Papists there use still to give the Poor on this Day and they in Retribution of their Charity hold themselves obliged to say this old Couplet God have your Saul Beens and all Both these days were of such eminent observance with our Ancestors that they still continue no Court-days at Westminster-Hall but are the Lawyers and Judges Holy-days All-Saints is one of His Majestie 's Offering-Days at Whitehall and one of the Houshold-days when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White-Staff-Officers November the 5th commonly call'd Gun-Powder-Treason-Day Anno 1605. and in the third-year of the Reign of King James in England of Happy Memory of which take this Brief Narrative Collected out of Sir Richard Baker in the said King's Reign The 19th day of March-was a second Parliament appointed to sit at Westminster the said Parliament beginning the King made a long and Loving Speech to both Houses wherein he signified the Cause of his Calling it but in the time when it should
Invasion hapned Their Navy consisted of 130 Ships in which there were 19290 Soldiers 8050 Marriners 2080 Gally-Slaves 2630 Great Ordnance and for the greater Sanctification of the Action 12 of their Vessels were call'd by the Names of the 12 Apostles The Commander in Chief of the Fleet was Don Alphonso Duke of Medina the next in Authority was Martin Recalde an Able Seaman They came out of the Groyn in May but were dispersed and the Queen in the mean time made the following Preparations the Lord Charles Howard Lord Admiral of her whole Navy and Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral were to be ready at Plimouth the Lord Henry Seymor second Son to the Duke of Somerset with 40 English and Dutch Ships to guard the Coasts of the Netherlands and keep the Prince of Parma from coming forth for Land-Service Thre were placed along our Southern Coasts 20000 Soldiers and two Armies of Trained Men Levied the one commanded by the Earl of Leicester consisting of 1000 Horse and 22000 Foot who pitch'd his Tents at Tilbury over the other appointed as a Guard to Her Majesties Royal Person consisting of 24000 Foot and 2000 Horse the Lord Hunsdon was General Now all things on both sides being in a readiness the Spanish Navy set forth in May as before but were drawn back and distressed and their first Appearance was July the 21th The Admiral of England coming out of Plimouth sent a Pinnace nam'd The Defiance before which by a Great Shot Challenged the Spaniards to Fight and they speedily fell to it but the English had the better The 23th of this Month they had a second Fight where there was little hurt done by the Spaniards the 24th they rested on both sides and the 25th which was St. James his Day they fell to it the third time and the English got the better after which the Spaniards held on their Course and turn'd no more upon us The 27th of the Month towards evening the Spaniards cast Anchor near Calice the English then having 140 Ships tho but 15 of them bore the brunt of the Battle The 28th the Lord Admiral made eight of his worst Vessels Fire-ships and sent them in the Night to the Spanish Fleet at the sight whereof they made a hideous noise cut their Cables with great confusion and astonishment The Spanish Navy being now destitute of many necessary Provisions and no hope of the Prince of Parma's Assistance resolv'd for Spain Northward in which they lost many Ships and Men the English Navy still pursued closely till they were fain to leave them for want of Powder Thus this Invincible Armada for so it was styl'd in a Spanish Bravado that was three whole years preparing in the space of one Month was often beaten and at length put to flight many of their men slain above half their Ships taken and sunk not above 100 of the English missing at the most not so much as a Ship but Cock's small Vessel thus sailing about all Britain by Scotland the Orkneys and Ireland they return'd to Spain with as great dishonour as they set out with Ostentation for indeed Mendosa in France Triumphed before the Victory in Print Now Q. Elizabeth for this Happy Success appointed Prayers and Thanksgiving in all Churches throughout England and She as it were in Triumph came in Person attended with a numerous Train of her Nobility into the City went into the Cathedral of St. Paul's where the Banners taken from the Enemy were publickly exposed to the view of Spectators and there gave thanks to Almighty God in a most humble manner for so great a Deliverance from and defeat of a Foreign Enemy St. James July the 25th is the Feast of St. James Hebr. the same as Jacob the Apostle sirnamed the Greater Brother to St. John the Sons of Zebedee who was both an Apostle and Martyr This is he that Taught the Gospel to the 12 dispersed Tribes and was Murdered by the Sword or as some say Beheaded in Judaea by Herod Agrippa Anno Dom. 45. where he was buried and consequently the first of the 12 Apostles that was translated to the Kingdom of Christ This is one of the King's Collar-Days without Offering St. Anne The next day being the 26th is by some People Celebrated to the Memory of St. Anne Hebr. Gracious who was the Holy Mother of the Blessed Virgin This Day is not in our but the Roman Rubrick Lammas-Day August begins with a Feast the first being call'd Lammas-Day the Gule or Yule of August St. Peter advincula or St. Peter's Chains 'T is nam'd Lammas qu. Lamb-mass because on that Day in the time of Popery here among us in England the Tenants that held Lands of the Cathedral Church in York which is Dedicated to St. Peter ad vincula were obliged by their Tenure on that day to bring a live Lamb into the Church whil'st they were singing High-Mass or as some conceive it may take its Derivation from the Saxon Hlarmaesse i.e. Loaf-Mass or Bread-Mass so call'd as a Feast of Thanksgiving to God for the first fruits of the Corn and it seems hath been observ'd with Bread made of new Wheat and accordingly it is a Custom in some Places for Tenants to be bound to bring their Lord that years Wheat on or before the first of August Ham. Resol 2.6 Quaeries p. 465. 'T is call'd the Gule or Yule of August which some Conjecture to be only a Corruption of the British word Gwyl-Awst that is the Feast of August Others again conceive and I think more truly that Gule comes from Gula in Latin or Gueule in French a Throat and St. Peter ad vincula for this Reason following which you have in Durand's Rationali Divinor l. 7. Ca. De festo Sancti Petri ad vincula a Catholick Story that one Quirinus a Tribune of Rome had a Daughter who was troubled with a painful Disease in her Throat and therefore I presume other means failing Addressed himself to his then Holiness Alexander the 6th of that Name from St. Peter and desir'd to borrow or see the Chains that St. Peter was chained with under Nero which Request being obtain'd his Daughter kissing the said Chains was as miraculously as Immediately cur'd of her Malady Credat Judaeus Appella Non Ego whereupon Quirinus with his whole Family turn'd Christians and were baptized Tunc dictus Alexander Papa as Durand hath it hoc Festum in Calendis Augusti Celebrandum Instituit in Honorem Beati Petri Ecclesiam in Urbe Fabricavit ubi Vincula ipsa reposuit ad vincula Nominavit Calendis Augusti Dedicavit so that this Day being before only known by the Name of the Calends of August was afterward upon this very occasion termed either of the Instrument that wrought this Miracle the Day of St. Peter ad vincula or of the part of the Daughter namely the Throat whereon the Miracle was wrought the Gule of August This day is kept by the Papists as they say
in Honour of those Chains wherewith Herod caused St. Peter at Jerusalem to be bound from which he was disengaged by the Angel of God Acts the 12th by the sole Touch whereof not only the fore-mentioned but many other Miracles were wrought nay some of that Church are so superstitiously Credulous as to believe their Miraculous joyning together many years after into one intire Chain with those Iron Fetters wherewith the Holy Apostle was loaden when he was Imprisoned at Rome August the 5th in some of our ancient Calendars is known by the name of Gowrie's Conspiracy and tho now omitted the reason thereof you shall soon understand yet it was kept very devoutly in the Reign of King James as a Day of Thanksgiving to the Almighty for his Deliverance from the Treacherous Conspiracy of the Gowries in Scotland The Story runs thus as Baker relates it in his Chronicle p. 382. out of which take this Abstract The Earls Gowry Marre Lindsey and others Invited the King to the Castle of Reuthen in the absence of the Earl of Arran and Lenox and there detain'd him not permitting him to walk abroad all his Trusty Servants they remov'd from him and Compel'd the King by Letters to Queen Elizabeth to approve and allow of this his Thraldom After his Mother Queen Mary had sent to Queen Elizabeth complaining of the Usage of her Son he himself sent Colonel William Steward and John Colvill to the Queen of England and after the Death of Lenox in France the Surprizers being lifted up in their Conceits thinking they had him safe enough he on a sudden tho scarce 18 years of age with some few others convey'd himself to the Castle of St. Andrews to whom the Nobility Repair'd with Armed Bands fearing some danger might befall him afterward with fair words he advised some of his Surprizers to go from Court to avoid Tumult promising them Pardon if they would crave it but Gowry only asked Pardon and submitted himself using this Distinction that he had not offended in Matter but in Form and farther Baker saith p. 384. that Gowry was tried by his Peers at Sterling Anno 1600. where being accus'd of many Treasons tho he gave colourable Answers to them all yet was found Guilty Condemn'd and Beheaded whose Head his Servants sewing to the Body committed to the Grave Baker farther saith p. 428. At this time Anno 1603. the King forgat not a Deliverance he formerly had which tho it were in Scotland yet he would have notice taken of it in England which was this his Deliverance from the Conspiracy of the Gowries on the 5th of August 1600. three years before and thereupon Friday being the 5th day was by Commandment appointed to be Holy-Day with Morning-Prayer Sermon and Evening-Prayer read with Bonefires at Night which was then and after during his Life solemnly observ'd August the 6th is the Transfiguration from Transfiguro Lat. to change shape a Feast Celebrated by the Papists in Memory of our Saviour's Transfiguring himself upon Mount Thabor and shewing a Glimpse of his Glory to his Apostles St. Peter St. James and St. John And his Face saith the Text shone as the Sun and his Garment became white as Snow Matth. 17.2 and in them also unto us for our encouragement to Vertue Perseverance in Faith and mutual Love one toward another St. Laurence The 10th of this Month is a Day Dedicated to St. Laurence Lat. flourishing like a Bay-Tree the same as Daphnis in Greek who was Deacon to Pope Xistus then sitting in the Chair at Rome a very Zealous Person according to Tradition for the Catholick Cause who thereupon in the Primitive times was by the Cruel and Barbarous Pagans most inhumanely Broyled on a Gridiron for the Faith of Christ which Martyrdom he suffered with undaunted and matchless Fortitude This is in the Roman but not in our Rubrick The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary The 15th of this Month is The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary the Mother of the Holy Jesus so call'd from Assumo Lat. to assume or take up 't is observ'd in Memory of her being Assum'd or taken up as the Papists confidently maintain into Heaven both Soul and Body after her Dormition or Dissolution and this is a constant Tradition of their Church This is also in the Roman not in our Rubrick St. Bartholomew The next is the Festival of St. Bartholomew solemnized on the 24th of August The Name is Chaldee and signifies the Son of him that makes the water ascend He was Nephew as some maintain and Heir to a King of Syria yet both an Apostle and Martyr He Preached the Glad Tidings of the Gospel to the Indians where he by the Command of Polemius King of India was sorely beaten with Cudgels the first day the next Crucified and Excoriated or flean alive while he was fastned on the Cross and finally still breathing and alive Beheaded in the year of our Lord 51. For this Reason it was named Duplex Festum some observing the 25th as we the 24th of August Here was a Complication of Punishments for no Crime at all This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering The 29th is the Decollation of St. John Baptist Beheaded by Herod at the request of Herodias which we have praementioned in the Festival of St. John Baptist Septemb. the 2d On this day hapned that Dreadful Conflagration of the City of London about one of the Clock in the Morning Anno 1666. beginning at the House of one Mr. Farryner a Baker in Pudding-Lane near New Fish-Street which consumed in four days time the greatest part of this Flourishing Metropolis 'T is supposed to be fired by one Robert Hubert of Roan in Normandy with one Peidloe the chief there being in all 23 Complices as he confessed for which he was hang'd at Tyburn and dyed a Roman Catholick Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary The 8th of this Month is the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Heb. Exalted or from Marah as some conceive i. e. Bitterness which is a Festival observ'd by our Holy Mother the Church in Commemoration of her Happy and Glorious Birth who brought into the World the Author of all Life and Salvation our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Holy-tood-Day or Holy-Cross The 14th is the other Holy-rood-Day or Holy-Cross the Invention of the Cross being on the 3d of May which we have given you an account of 't is call'd Holy Cross or the Exaltation of the Cross in Memory of the Exaltation or setting up the Holy Cross which was found by St. Helen as we have already acquainted you by Heraclius the Emperor who having regained it a second time from the Persians after it had been given over for lost the space of 14 years carried it on his shoulders to Mount Calvarie and there Exalted it with more than ordinary Solemnity Then follows the Ember-Week according to the Rule before laid down Post Cineres c. this being the