her King and elder Brother Henry and conjures them also to loyalty to throw away all private Interests and Factions and conclude in a firm peace and union The Confederates perceiving that they wanted an Head and so a main pretence to countenance their Arms to the people and that whatever they had hitherto gained was more by their dissembling then strength that also the Pope Paul II had censured them if they continued in open wars For King Henry was held an obedient son to the Bishops of Rome for which Calixtus III had sent him formerly an Hat and a consecrated Sword which they use to bless upon Christmas-Eve at night laying them upon the Altar where they say Mass And farther they recollected that upon Henries death Isabella was like to be Queen whereby they could procure no favour or benefit to themselves by opposing her peaceable desires Upon these considerations they consented to an Agreement so Articles are drawn up a Peace concluded on Donna Isabella is declared Princess of the c Las Asturias formerly of a larger extent is now â— little Province between Galicia Leon and Biscay lying upon the Cantabrian sea 'T is twofold Asturia de Oâ—iedo and Astur de Santillana As the Heirs of England are called Princes of Wales and those of France les Dauphins so are those to the Crown of Castile call'd Princes of the Asturias Upon what occasion this â—hort Scheme may shew Alphonso XI had amongst other Children Henry a Bastard Earl of Transâ—amara took the Kingdom from the Tyrant Pedro and stab'd him with his dagger he had John I. who had Henry III. Don Pedro el Cruel had amongst others a bastard call'd Constancia she was marryed to John of Gant Duke of Lancaster son to Edward III King of England Upon the death of Don Pedro sirnamed the Cruel though his bastard-Brother Henry II. seised upon the Crown and was acknowledged for King yet John of Gant Duke of Lancaster pretended the right to lye in him by reason of his Wife Constance and made some bustle about it Henry dying there succeeded his son John I. with whom and Lancaster a peace was concluded Lancaster to renounce all his Title to Castile and King John to marry his son Henry to Lancaster's Daughter Catherine which accordingly was accompish'd so both their pretensions united And for more honour Don Henry the young son was to be call'd Prince of the Asturias since which time the eldest sons of Castile were call'd Princes and the younger are titled Infantas This hapned about the year 1388. And so much by the way concerning the Title of Prince of Asturias yet do I finde Jehan Froissart who lived at this time to tell us that Henry was call'd Prince of Gallicia in his French Edition 1530. vol. 3. fol. 96. and fol. 143. In the old English Edition vol. 2. cap. 154. fol. 170. and cap. 176. fol. 214. Asturias and lawful Heir to the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon with their dependants What troubles hapned in Castile after this treaty being not considerable I shall pass over Donna Isabella now declared Heir several matches were consulted of but she secretly joyned her self with Don Fernando Prince of Girona and the eldest son living to John II King of Arragon At this marriage King Henry was greatly vext as being contrary to his desire and without his knowledge But at the long run the King becomes more pacified and at last a 1474. dying she succeeds as Queen of Castile and Leon although some busled for Joane the supposed Daughter of King Henry but she is generally thrown by as a bastard being begot of his Queen Joane by one Don Bertrand de la Cueva afterwards prefer'd for his kindness being created Earl of Ledesma Master of Santiago and Duke of Albuquerque As for Henry himself he is by all esteem'd as frigid and uncapable of such loves Not long after John II King of Arragon b 1479. dying that Kingdom was united to Castile by the fortunate former marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella Here might I descend into the troubles of Navar and tell how Don Carlos Prince of Viana took up Arms against his Father John King of Navar and Arragon Upon which quarrel began the great Factions of those of Beaumont and Grammont the first adhering to the Prince and the latter to the King and the feuds of these two potent Families was one of the main causes of the loss of Navar to the Spaniard those of Beaumont assisting Don Ferdinand in the conquest against their own King and Country Of which more hereafter In short the Prince being not able to keep the field withdrew himself to Naples for sometime thence returns endeavours new troubles upon which he is taken and secuâ—ed Upon this the Catalonians rebel and though Prince Carlos was set at liberty and c Some say he was poyson'd by his Step mother D. Joane to make way for heâ—â—â—son Ferdinando to the Crown of Arragon dyed presently after yet they continue their Treasons The people of Barcelona publickly declare King John an Enemy to his Country and so they would withdraw themselves from his obedience And the Catalonians sent to Henry IV. of Castile to desire him to take them under his protection they being resolved no more to obey the Crown of Arragon Don Henry accepts them so they set up the Banners of Castile At last after a tedious War they are vanquish'd forced to submit and King John giveth them all freely a pardon But of Spain more in the next Century A CONTINUATION OF THE REBELLIONS AND Treasonablepractices OF THE ROMANISTS Particularly in Spain Scotland and Ireland From the year MD. to MDC BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived 2. Pope Julius II. Sect. 1. John and Catherine King and Queen of Navar deprived THe Conquest of Navar being acted suddenly we year 1500 shall make the story of it but very short At the beginning of this Century we finde John d'Albret or Don Juan de la Brit and Donna Catherina King and Queen of Navar which had boasted it self a Kingdom almost DCCC years Ferdinand II King of Arragon having by his marrying with Isabella Queen of Castile enlarged his Authority and Dominions as also by his banishing the Jews and subduing the Moores to him in Granado made his Government more secure cast many a greedy a Jo. de Bussieres lib. 15. § 16. Spondan an 1512. § 21. thought upon the seising the Kingdom of Navar and then all of Spain Portugal excepted would be his own At last opportunity good enough as he thought offer'd it self which was thus Pope Julius II. a zealous Hotspur falling out with Lewis XII King of France Fernando sides with the Pope and having rais'd an Army not onely demands passage for it through Albrets Territories but the command of his strongest Castles and Fortifications and which was most the possession and custody of Prince Henry eldest son to Navar
from him our Holinshed I shall say nothing here to the killing of Duncan by Makpender Earl of Mercia nor of the imprisonment of Donald the putting out of his eyes and miserable death in prison because their Titles may be questioned Nor shall I travel more Northward and inlarge upon the g An. 1088. Murder of King Canute of Denmark whilst he was at his Devotions nor enter upon the more frozen parts to insist upon the treacherous end of Ingo the Fourth King of Scotland because Religion was not there in a setled condition Sect. 3. The clashing of Popes and the Emperours power over them at Elections BUt if I would trouble my self at the very Fountain of their Religion viz. Rome we might here shew that obedience yeilds place to sedition and how troubled their Champions are to finde out an Infallible and true Vicar Here might I tell at large how Platina and some others declare Pope Sylvester the Second to be a Magician and to have kept correspondence with the Devil though others at large Apologize for him nor shall I interest my self in the dispute Here could I amuze the honest Roman Catholick by telling him that Benedict the Ninth was once held for the Infallible Head of their Church and yet was but a a Baron an 1033. § 6. boy of ten or twelve years old And here might we puzzle their Succession and make them pump and invent Reasons for a true Pope when at the same time this Benedict said he was Pope Sylvester the Third assured the World that he was Christ's Vicar and also one John affirm'd that he was the onely man that was S. Peters true Successor and every one of these Popes had many Followers And to make up the wonder and number Gregory the Sixth with money hired these men to lay down the Cudgels and so made himself Pope also which Title and Honour he was over-perswaded to yeild up by a b Genebrard Cron. p. 865. Council and yet this man must be a true Pope and no way tainted with Simony and to him by the consent of the Emperour succeeded Clement the Second who being poysoned Benedict the Ninth the third time entred into the Papal Chair but the Emperour hearing of these troubles sent Poppo Bishop of Brescia to Rome who was chosen and succeeded as Pope though his Raign was but short But be it short or long their Authors are here in open War about the legality of his Rule c An. 1048. § 1. Baronius and some others making him legally elected and so a true Pope On the other hand Platina d Pag. 867. Genebrard and some others declare him to be an intruder and so no true Pope And what must be the foundation of his crime but because the Emperour had an interest in his promotion though if this Argument will hold any water they will quite break to pieces the Line of their Succession by throwing aside many Popes formerly elected or confirmed by Emperours and other secular Potentates But fight Dog fight Bear I shall not trouble my self to reconcile them Yet though they now seem so dapperly against the Temporal Authority it is not unworth the notice that no sooner was this Damasus first call'd Poppo dead but the Cardinals and other Romans sent into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to appoint them a new Pope who accordingly sent them Leo the Ninth and whatsoever they tell for excuse of Leo's changing his Opinion at the perswasion of Hildebrand is not much to the purpose since it appears that they durst not refuse him and Hildebrand's policy if true was but a meer trick and juggle And this practice will better appear by the next Vicar for no Platina sooner was Leo dead but the Clergy and others of Rome sent Hildebrand into Germany to the Emperour to desire him to give Baron an 1054. § 53. them a Pope who accordingly yeilded to grant them Victor the Second who by the Imperial Order was elected at Mentz and thence sent to Rome And thus humbly they behaved themselves to the Emperour that they might not offend him nor break their Oaths and Duty which they had made to him And something to this purpose we finde a little after for this Victor the Second and Stephanus the Ninth being dead some at Rome elected and declared for Pope Benedict the Tenth But the Chief of the Romans sent presently an excuse to the Emperour protesting that for their parts they would keep their Allegiance and not acknowledge any Coeffeteau p. 644 645. for Pope but whom he approved of and therefore desired him to send to Rome for Pope whom he pleased who accordingly sent them Nicholas the Second and so Benedict the Tenth was thrust from the Chair as not capable of that honour because he had intruded himself into that Dignity a Qui sine jussu Regis Principum Lamb. Schafnaburg Hist Germ. an 1059. Edict Francof 1583. Qui injussu Regis c. Edict Tubing 15. 33. without the approbation of the Emperour and other Princes But we need not trouble our selves here with many Examples of the secular Authority in the Popes Election having formerly in several other places as they fell in my way hinted at the practice and besides all at this very time they cannot but confess that the very Romans yeilded up their interest in the Election of Popes Genebrard pag. 866. Coqnaeus p. 505. Sigebert an 1046. and gave it to the Emperour and which is more both in Gregory the Sixth's time and Clement the Second his time ingaged themselves by Oath to the Emperour never to chuse or consecrate any for Pope but whom he should approve of and consent to CHAP. II. The troubles and deposing of the Emperour Henry the Fourth by the pride of Pope Gregory the Seventh and other Incendiaries SHould I trouble my self to reconcile all the exceptions that might belong to this Chapter I should be Voluminous to a wonder and possibly not satisfie the Reader But to leave such Disputes in short the question is betwixt the Emperour Henry the Fourth and Pope Gregory the Seventh which of them was in the right and which to blame though one may affirm without offence that both of them had their faults yet Goldastus and from him of late Father a Remonst Hybern part 2. p. 89 90 c. part 5. p. 1 2 c. Caron hath taken a great deal of pains to vindicate the Emperour whilst Gretserus is as large in his several Apologies for the Pope whither I shall refer the curious for farther satisfaction And it was no small misery to Christendom that the Emperour being very young the Popes acted what they pleas'd without controul though at last they drive on so furiously that instead of making the Empire happy by tranquillity they procured its ruine by fomenting new troubles and rebellions For whereas formerly the Emperours had the main hand in making Popes and the
of Hungary what dissentions Bzov. 1327. Spond 1330 and broyls that Kingdom was troubled withal by the Popes intermedling with their affairs betwixt whom and the Natives there was no small strife whether they or he should nominate the King What great danger their King Charles I. was in by the treason of one Felicianus who entred the Presence-Chamber draweth his Sword wounds the King cuts off four of the Queens fingers and if he had not been slain by Johannes Palochus had designed to have murdred the King Queen and their Children And from him might I go to Charles II who Lewes I. dying and leaving his Eldest Daughter Mary for Queen by the instigation of some Nobles cometh from Naples and thrust her from the Throne Nor did his injoy this honour long for Elizabeth the Widow of Lewes and Mother to Mary takes her opportunity and invites him to a private meeting where he was slain or poysoned in revenge of which Johannes Banus de Horvath hath the Heads of the Assassinates cut off and Elizabeth drowned in the next River and had proceeded against Mary too but that he was terrified by the approach of Sigismond Marquess of Brandeberg her Husband with a great Army to her relief Which Sigismund was then made King of Hungary and was after that Emperour of Germany CHAP. V. 1. The deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England 2. The deposing and death of King Richard the Second 3. The grand dispute and troubles amongst the Cordeliers concerning the trifling and childish Questions of the largeness of their Capuchin or Hood and the usage and right of the Bread and meat which they eat Sect. 1. The Deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England BUt leaving these mischiefs abroad if we look at home we shall not finde England better or more Christian yet as much Roman Catholick as their Neighbours Here now ruleth Edward II sirnamed of Carnarvan in Wales the place of his birth and son to Edward I. A Prince too apt to be abused by his self-ended Courtiers and as the Nation thought too much complying to the Dictates of the Spencers by which means he obtain'd the displeasure of some of the people and which was more several of the Bishops turn'd his Enemies but which was most of all his own Queen Isabel Daughter to Philip le Bel King of France was his greatest Enemy and made it her whole business to procure his deposition and ruine And to make the way more easie for this their wicked design they had spread abroad that Pope John XXII had a Bzov. an 1326. § 10. Spond § 3. absolved all the English of their Allegiance to their King Edward A brave World and Faith that people should be so Antichristian as to think the Pope had really any such power but when the Bishops of Rome had the Impudence to affirm as much well might the simple people be gull'd and cheated by such Popes and such a faith to any Villany or Rebellion The Nation thus abused the King was not able to defend himself whereupon the Queen and the rest march boldly to Oxford where Adam de Orlton Bishop of Hereford preacheth to them a Comfortable but wicked Sermon taking this for his Text My head grieveth me From which words he declared to them that a bad King ought to be removed though by the same rule his head ought to be cut off for aking From thence they marched to London where they were joyfully received and a Parliament being held King Edward II is judged unfit for the rule and so declared deposed and his Eldest Son Edward III the Father being at last forced to consent made King the Archbishop of Canterbury making a Sermon as bad as the former from these words Vox Populi vox Dei When the King had thus been forced to resign being a close Prisoner some Lords and others being sent down to him at Kenilworth Castle to procure his resignation S. William Trussel Knight and Speaker to the Parliament thus bespake the King I William Trussel in name of all men of the Lond of Englond Trevâ—sa 17. cap. 43. and of alle the Parlement Procuratour I resigne to the Edwarde the homage that was made to the somtyme And from this time forthward I dyffye the and a Deprive pryve the of all Royal Power and I shall never be tendaunt to the as for Kynge ofter this time And then Sir Thomas Blunt Steward of the Kings Houshold brake his white Rod resigned his Office and thereby signified that the Kings Houshold had free liberty to depart and serve Edward no more King Edward II being thus deprived of his Dominions Isabel Tho. de la Moore Hist de vita Morâ—e Eaw II. Jo Stow's Chron. Galfrid le Bakâ—r de Swynabroke câ—er de vâ— a morte Regum Edwardorum I. II. fol. 107. Manuscript Cod. XL super A. B. Aâ—t in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. his Queen who is thought to hate him mortally thinks he is too well used at Kenilworth Castle by Henry Earl of Leicester his Kinsman and therefore with the advice of the Bishop of Hereford he is thence removed and delivered to the custody of Sir Thomas Gurney and Sir John Maltravers his mortal Enemies who convey him to Corf-Castle thence to Bristol and so to Barkly Castle In which private journeys the King indured all manner of ignominy and scorn by these two villanous Knights as they made him ride bare-headed would scarce allow him any sleep or victuals and contradicted and cross'd him in every thing One time Gurney made him a Crown of Hay and put it on his Head and crying with the rest Tprut avant Syr King and Fare forth Syr King i e. go on Another time they would shave as well the hair of his head as his Beard for which purpose they made him light from his jaded Horse set him on a Mole-hill took water out of a Ditch close by saying that should serve for that time which so overwhelmed the King with grief that he told them That would they nould they he would have warm water for his head and so at their inhumanity began to weep and shed tears plentifully And when he was a Prisoner in Barkly Castle they used him much after the same way though Thomas Barkley then Lord of the place greatly pittyed his sad condition wishing it in his power to redress it At last Queen Isabel and her sure friend in mischief Adam de Orlton upon advice thought it best to have him taken out of the world whereupon they chid his keepers for keeping him so delicately and gave hints enough to discover their meaning but the most cunning of all was the direction which the crafty Bishop of Hereford sent down to them in these words Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To kill Edward will not to fear it is good Or thus rendred into verse by Stow To seek to shed King