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A69789 The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage. Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747. 1698 (1698) Wing C5889; ESTC R8630 198,540 426

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bear their own Losses and suffer all Disasters with a great deal of Temper so likewise they regard the Miseries and Misfortunes of others with the same Indifference for they will often stand and see a House burn without offering in the least to lend a helping Hand to quench it Neither are they more indulgent to their Children or on the contrary the Children to their Parents both whom are reciprocally suffer'd to continue Slaves to the Tartars when but a small Summ of Money would purchase their Redemption In Poland there are neither Academies nor Schools for the Manege Riding the Great Horse Fencing nor Dancing and yet the Gentry being naturally bent to those Exercises will either Practise them at home after their own rude Fashion or Travel to inform themselves of Strangers abroad Of all these Pastimes Musick and Dancing are their Darling Pleasures for even the very Nurses are order'd to teach their Children this last as soon as they can go So that you shall often see two Children tripping it about a Room to the dull Notes of their Nurses or a Servants Pipes The Poles are so addicted to Musick that Barge-men may be frequently seen Playing on Fiddles as they Sail along the River Vistula with Corn. The other Customs and Manners of the Poles I shall inform your Lordship of as methodically and succinctly as the Variety of Matter will admit But first a word or two of the Polish Families and Names The Gentry are divided into many Tribes all distinguish'd not by Places or Countries but by several peculiar Appellatives and Coats of Arms Out of every one of these springs several Families of different Names and Affinity For example to the Tribe of Lelivicz whose Standard is a Field Azure charg'd with a New Moon in chief and a Star of the first Magnitude between its Horns belong the Families of Zarnowiski Pileczki Melstin c. Formerly the Poles had their Names from several occasions but of latter days they have been accustom'd to take them only from Castles Cities Towns and Villages most commonly by adding the Termination ski or ki which signifies Son though some say Dominion because they are generally so call'd from the Place which they Govern In Lithuania the Termination for the most part is in witz which rather implies Son than Ski Sometimes also they take their Names from these Places by omitting Ski and Witz and putting before the Place à ab in or de As à Gorka in Tenstin de Fulstin and the like Some of the Poles usual Names are which I mention for the difficulty of Pronunciation Chrzonstowski Krzikritzki Grzmialtowski c. Lastly Several Names in Poland begin with an O as Opalinski Osolmski Vzaorwski Orzakowski and such like Now as to Marriages among the Poles it must first be observ'd that the Feasts of those of the Gentry always last three days be they that make them either Poor or Rich wherefore they must necessarily be exceeding Expensive If a Lady Marry any of her waiting Maids she generally Expends as much as for one of her Daughters But as the Court-Marriages will shew the greatest Magnificence of this kind I shall entertain your Lordship out of Hauteville with one of that sort When the Queen Marries any of her Maids of Honour or when any Senator or great Lord is to be Marry'd the first and second day the King gives a great Feast For this purpose a large Hall is pitch'd upon where there are three Tables set out At the first Table sit the King and Queen in a Manner that they both Face the Hall Next the Queen sit the Two that are to be Married and next to the King the Popes Nuncio and Archbishop of Gnesna At the same Table likewise sit the Foreign Embassadors over against the King and Queen At the two other Tables extending the whole length of the Hall all the Ladies Senators and Officers except only such as wait on the King and Queen are plac'd by an Officer according to their respective Precedence Most commonly this Feast begins about four or five of the Clock in the Afternoon and lasts to two or three in the Morning Here it may be observ'd that the Senators are accustom'd to rise often and go up to the King's Table to drink his Majesty's Health on their Knees At these Feasts they eat little but drink Hungarian Wine to an immoderate Degree The Ladies out of Modesty only touch the Tops of the Glasses with their Lips and so set them down before them or pour them into their Plates in a manner tha● more Wine is thought to be spils and lost here than drank When they have sate about five or six Hours at Table the Violins and a little Sort of portable Organs begin to strike up and then they spend the rest of the Time in Dancing In this Exercise every body joyns and not so much as the old People of either Sex are excus'd Those that begin the Dance are generally the ancient Senators and old Ladies who move slowly about like so many Fryars or Nuns in Procession but altho the Dancing begins with so much Gravity and Formality yet it usually ends with a great deal of Hurry and Confusion On the second Day all the Guests present the Bride with something new and none give less than a small Piece of Plate All these Presents are made before the Queen This Ceremony is perform'd before they sit down to Table These Presents most commonly make a good Part of the Brides Portion The late Princess of Poland when she was marry'd to the Elector of Bavaria had above the Value of 100000 Crowns presented her On the third Day are solemniz'd the Espousals All the Wedding Guests accompany the Bridegroom and Bride on Horse-back to Church as likewise in their Return Home when they are always to pass by the King's Palace During all the Time of their coming and going the Trumpets sound from the Balconies on both Sides the way When the Bride has been conducted to her Husband's House and a magnificent Feast there prepar'd is ended and the Company gone the Bride begins to fall a crying it being the Custom it seems in Poland for Maids to weep at that time and to seem concern'd for fear they should be thought impudent and immodest The other Marriages of the Gentry in Poland are perform'd much after the same Manner only with less Magnificence The Men and the Women that are Godfathers and Godmothers to Children are always Cousins and Relations tho they were not so before and consequently cannot be marry'd without a Dispensation from the Bishop of the Diocess The Ceremonies of Burial in Poland are usually celebrated with so great Pomp and Magnificence that one would rather take them for Triumphs than Enterments The Corps having been put into the Coffin it is plac'd in a Herse or Chariot with six Horses all cover'd with black Housings The Coffin has a