these realmes before the daughters who were forced to agree with their brother and had 30000. doublons euery yeere during their liues This accord betwixt the King Don Fernand and the Infantes of Leon his Sisters was wrought and concluded betwixt the Queenes D. Berenguela the Kings mother and D. Theresa mother to the Infants after that the King had beene crowned in Leon the chiefe city of the Kingdome in the presence of the Bishops D. Iohn of Oueydo D. Roderigo of Leon D. Nugno of Astorga D. Martin of Salamanca D. Michel of Cite Roderigo and D. Sancho of Coria By this accord the King D. Fernand did peaceably enioy the Realmes of Leon Galicia the Asturiaes hauing raigned thirteene yeeres in Castille the re-union of which Estates made this yeere 1230. 73. yeeres after their last diuision hath remained firme euer since without any further seperation From Leon the King came to Beneuent whereas the Infantaes his sisters met him and there did ratifie the accord made by the two Queenes renouncing all pretensions to the sayd Realmes and to the testament made by the King D. Alphonso their father Then the King went to visit the Prouinces Townes and Forts of his Kingdomes where without any contradiction he was receiued intertained with great ioy and acclamation of the people as it was fit This death of the King of Leon fell out happely for D. Fernand to couer his retreat from Daralferza with some honourable pretext In the meane time they made light skirmishes with the taking and recouering of castles vpon the fronters of Toledo and Andalusia In the yeere of our Lord 1231. An. 1231. Quesada was recouered by the Christians and for a reward of their valour in recouering thereof was giuen to the church of Toledo but it was afterwards lost and recouered againe diuers times The King of Castille continuing his warre Adelantamien to of Casorla giuen to the Church of Tâ—â—ledo there was established vpon that fronter that which they call Adelantamiento of Casorla by the taking of Pilos Toya Lacra Agozino Font Iulian Tour de Lago Higuera Maulula Arcola Dos Hermanas Villa Montin Niebla Casorla Concha and Chelis all which places were by prodigality and inconsiderate zeale altogether vsed in those religious times giuen in a religious acknowledgement to the Apostolike Sea by the King D. Fernand to the Archbishops of Toledo the which the haue enioyed vnto the assumption of the Cardinall D. Iohn Tauera to the Arch-bishoprike who gaue this country to the Marquis of Camaraça whose successour Don Iohn Mâ—rtine Silesio Cardinal had by reason thereof great and earnest sute against the Church of Toledo but notwithstanding that the Church had diuers sentences by reason of the great sway the Church of Rome bore at that same time in its fauour yet could they neuer gette possession of any of those places for certaine speciall reasons which are not specified 17 At that time the realmes of Naples and Sicile were held by the Emperour Frederic the second who married Yoland the onely daughter of Iohn de Brenne who called himselfe king of Ierusalem which is the reason why the Kings of Naples and Sicile haue euer since intitled themselues Kings of Ierusalem by which alliance they vnited the titles of Naples Sicile and Ierusalem which the descendentes of this Noble Princesse haue carried This Iohn of Brenne beeing chosen chiefe Generall of the Westerne succours which by the procurement of the councell of Latran went into the Country of Syria and obtained amongst them the first and soueraigne degree and was called King of Acre or Ptolemaide yet hee did neuer hold the city of Ierusalem but hauing neede of greater forces to resist the Turkes and enemies of our faith hee was forced to returne againe into Europe to sollicit the Christian Princes to assist him Beeing arriued into Italie hee married his daughter as wee haue sayd and then passed into Sapine in the yeere of our Lord 1232. to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames which was a pilgrimage of greatest merit after that of Ierusalem Passing through Castille hee was receiued with great honour by the King D. Fernand who in confirmation of their friendship gaue him D. Berenguela his sister by father and mother in marriage The Realme of Nauarre was at that time but ill gouerned by reason of the Kings sollitary life Nauarre who was retired and did not speake with any man but his houshold seruants and would not heare of any affaires This mischiefe was increased by the death of D. Ramir his brother Bishop of Pampelone who by his authority and respect might something haue restrained them that would haue troubled the state were they home-bred or strangers wherefore about the yeere of our Lord 1231. D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay who had some lands in the soueraignty of Nauarre prouoked and supported by D. Fernand King of Castille hee found an occasion to commit some spoiles in the Kingdome 18 On the other side Thybauld Earle of Champagne pretending right to the sayd realme by his mother D. Blanche Impatiency of cont â—hybauâ—d of Champaigne to raigne daughter to the King D. Sancho the wise had secret practises and Intelligences in Nauarre to bee admitted to the Regency of the realme during the life of King D. Sancho the retired whereof hee being aduertised after great negligence in the end hee beganne to discouer it to his great preiudice wherefore beeing much discontented at these attempts both of the King of Castille and of the Earle of Champaigne he resolued to frustrat both of their pretentions and to be reuenged especially of the King of Castille he therefore gaue D. Iames King of Arragon to vnderstand that hee had some matters to impart vnto him which would redound greatly to his proffit and therefore he intreated him to come to Tudele excusing himselfe that hee had not come vnto him by reason of the indisposition of his person The King of Arragon fayled not to come to Tudele and for that the King of Nauarre could not stirre out of his chamber hee entred into the castle where they conferred together The King D. Sancho complayning much of D. Fernand King of Castille that not content to hold the Lands which his predecessors had wrested from him had againe inuaded and spoiled his country hee demanded his aduice and helpe to bee reuenged and hauing in like manner discoursed of the disobedience and little respect of Thybauld Earle of Champagne who had attempted to play the King in Nauarre in his life time hee concluded that if hee would make a firme alliance with him and betwixt Nauarre and Arragon to inuade the realme of Castille and not to cease vntill they had forced the King D. Fernand to restore the Lands of the riuer of Oja Bureua Alaua and Guipuscoa or beeing conquered to yeeld him the fruits and reuenues thereof and to pay the charges of the warre hee should bee content to harken to a mutuall
not long for the King of Castile beeing incensed that the Cardinal by the Apostolike Authoritie had disanulled the sentences which hee had giuen against his brother D. Henry and other Noblemen and Knights of Castile hee brake it soone after And this yeere 1361. An. 1361. to the end he might not forget any thing that might proue himself inhumaine aboue all men he caused his wife D. Blanche of Bourbon to be slaine beeing kept in prison at Medina Sidonia but it was by poison whose body was afterwards carried away by the French who vpon this occasion entred into Castile in fauour of the Earle D. Henry and she was buried at Tudela in Nauarre Murther of Queene â—â—aach by the commandement of the King of Castile her husband Soone after the death of this miserable Princesse Donna Maria of Padilla died at Seuile by whom the King had one sonne called D. Alphonso and three daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and D. Isabel the King did her royall honours and afterwards declared that hee had married her producing witnesses of great authority They say that she by her wisdome and discreet perswasions did many times diuert the King from great effusions of bloud This King D. Pedro had by an other Lady called D. Isabel two other sonnes D. Sancho and D. Diego who are interred in the Monastery of Saint Dominike the Royall at Toledo And moreouer being fallne in loue with a gentlewoman which did serue Queene Mary his mother called Donna Theresa of Ayala beeing exceeding faire and not able to winne her but by a promise of marriage hee plighted his faith vnto her and had by her one daughter called Donna Maria notwithstanding this Donna Theresa became a Nunne in the Monastery of Saint Dominike thus did the King D. Pedro in all sorts abuse the lawes The King of Castile before he would assaile him of Arragon had a great desire to fall vpon the Moores of Granado who were then in great combustion amongst themselues and who had fauored the Arragon partie during the last warres 13 To shew their Estate wee say that after the death of King D. Alphonso before Gibraltar Moores they had peace with Castile for that the King D. Pedro following his priuat passions and thirsting after the bloud of his Nobility yea and his owne hee was continually busie killing and murthering men and women of all sorts and degrees throughout his Realme not regarding the warre against the Moores but made a truce with Ioseph King of Granado This King had some time after receiued D. Iohn de la Cerde sonne to D. Lewis into Granado being sonne in law to D. Alphonso Fernandes Cornel and had giuen him meanes to passe into Affrike where hee was an actor in the vnnaturall and bloudy quarrels betwixt Albohacen King of Maroc and his sonne Alboanen taking the sonnes part against the father where hee made proofe of his vertue and valour giuing a notable defeat vnto King Albohacen and hee had beene happie if hee had not gone from thence into Spaine where hee ended his daies miserably King Ioseph thinking to bee at peace within his Realme found himselfe plunged in sedition and conspiracies made against him by his owne subiects whereof an vncle of his called Mahomad or Mahumet was the chiefe who beeing desirous to raigne caused him to bee slaine in the yeere of our Lord 1354. the one and twentith of his reigne and of the Arabians seuen hundred thirty and seuen Mahomad Lagus the eight King of Granado THis Mahomad or Mahumet surnamed Lagus which is as much to say as the old succeeded by this murther in the Kingdom of Granado he was brother to King Ismael of whom wee haue made mention and soone to Ferrachen Gouernor of Malaga and held his Estate with great trouble and difficulty for besides that the Arabians are by nature inconstant and enemies to rest it was then the custome in Granado and hath alwaies beene but the Kings haue beene instituted maintained or reiected at the will of the knights Granadins and of some gouernors of chiefe places as of Malaga Almery Baça and Gâ—adix some times raysing one some times an other and reiecting and killing them according to their passions and priuate interests This King Mahomad already old beeing in possession of the Realme of Granado hee entertained the friendship of Don Pedro King of Castile whom hee furnished with foure gallies well appointed to ioyne vnto his army when as he went in person before Barcelona as we haue said But it happened that in the yeere 1360. some Knights and captaines Moores finding themselues ill intreated and little fauored by King Mahomad the old they had intelligence with an other Mahumet called Vermeil or Aben Alhamar who descended as hee said from the first Kings of Granado and wrought so with the aide of the children of Ozmin and especially with him who was called Ezdriz Aben Balua as being seized vpon the fort and castle of Alhambra they chased away Mahumet the Old and raised Vermeil in his place so called for that his face was very red and they did not onely dispossesse Lagus of the city of Granado but of most of the strong places of the country to the which they were the more imbouldned seeing D. Pedro King of Castile very busie in the warres Arragon The King thus dispossest retired to Ronda then held by the King of Maroc or Fez and there kept himselfe for a time so as at that time in the country of Granado there raigned three Kings Moores Three Kings in Granado that is this King dispossessed who held yet some places King Mahumet Aben Alhamar and Alboanen King of Fez who also enioyed some townes in Andalusia King Vermeil fearing that his aduersary Mahumet the Old would finde aide in Castile to bee restored and finding himselfe vnable to resist the King D. Pedro he ioyned with Arragon and sought friendship and support there the which hee obtained so as when the Arragonois prest their enemies in Castile the king of the Moores ran into Andalusia and the country of Murcia Notwithstanding Mahumet the Vermeil sought afterwards to assure himselfe of the King of Castile by some accord from whom he obtained a truce and they were friends in shew but the King D. Pedro concealed his spleene vntill a fit oportunity as one that did neuer forget an iniury The Moore being wel informed of his disposition did not greatly trust him and therefore hee sought to draw Alboanen King of Maroc into a league whereof the Affrican King excused himself for that hee was in league with the King of Castile and much bound vnto him neither could the King of Granados perswasions preuaile that ioyning with him and the King of Arragon they might soone ruine the King of Castile but nothing could alter the King of Maroc but he continued firme in the friendship of Castile from whence he had been aided with some gallies and soldiers in his conquests and warre against
conquests but when as Acliulf saw that Theodoric had turned his back he caused himselfe to be proclaimed king and seized vpon the kingdome forgetting his faith Acliulf punished for his trecherie and the dutie which he ought vnto his master who had honoured him so much wherewith Theodoric being much moued he returned and finding him readie to resist him he fought with him and slew him vpon the place The Sueues desirous to be reconciled to Theodoric caused their Bishops to sue for their pardon the which they not onely obtained but he also gaue them leaue to chuse a king of their owne nation So the Sueues in the furthest parts of Gallicia made choice of Masdra the sonne of Massila Humanitie of the Gothes to the Sueues vanquished for their king but being of sundrie opinions another faction proclaimed Frauta Theodoric after all this passed into Lusitania meaning to sacke Emerita or Merida but either for the respect he bare to S. Eulalie or for feare as they say he did abstaine From that time hauing diuided his armie into three he sent one part into Vandalusia vnder the commaund of a captaine named Cherula or Ceurila another into Gallicia led by Sigeric and Nepotian these did much annoy the disagreeing Sueues and he himselfe with the other third part returned into Gaule Gothique which was Languedoc where in few dayes he tooke Narbonne by the treason of Count Agrippin or Rauennius who was Gouernour thereof or according vnto some hee receiued it of Gilon who then reigned in Fraunce during the time that Childeric was in exile meaning by this bountie to fortifie himselfe with the Visigothes against the French who began to be discontented with his exactions and tyrannies The majestie of the Romane Empire in the West was then troden vnderfoot Gouernours ambitious and disloyall after the death of Valentinian for in euery prouince the gouernours and captaines of armies caused themselues to be proclaimed Emperours and supported one another so as Spaine was wholly abandoned to the Visigothes and the Gaules to them and the French and to pettie tyrants The Sueues being diuided in Gallicia had chosen as is said two kings one faction would haue Masdra the other obeyed Frauta but he died within few daies after whom the same faction did chuse Rechimund who hauing made an accord with Masdra they entred jointly with a great armie into Lusitania Foure kings of the Sueues in Spaine and spoyled it Masdra was slaine by his owne people after whom that partie created Frumar king but Rechimund opposed himselfe so as these two pettie kings impatient one of another fell to spoyle Gallicia one on the one side and the other on the other side Arismund 8. K. of the Sueues Frumar being dead Remismund or Arismund the sonne of Masdra brought all the Sueues vnder his obedience and was peaceable king of Gallicia The Sueues since Recchiaire had receiued the Christian religion reasonably pure concerning the principall points and had continued in the same vntill the time of this king Arismund who receiued a certaine Gaule called Aiax an Arrian thinking ill of the mysterie of the holy Trinitie into Gallicia who infected the whole countrey with his heresie the which was maintained many yeares by many kings whose names and deeds haue beene buried by writers in hatred of their impieties In the meane time there had bin ten Emperors in Italie of small fame and of lesse exploits who made no great opposition against the Visigothes and French so as the one seized vpon Spaine and the other vpon Gaule leauing but very obscure markes of the imperiall authoritie it may be for the good of these two rich regions who were better gouerned vnder those generous and free nations than they should haue beene vnder the Romanes who were corrupted with all vices and but a medley of all other nations In these times the Bishops of Spaine would in their life time chuse successors to their Bishoprickes the which was reprooued in a Councell held at Rome Resignation of Bishopricks reproued vnder Pope Hilarie Remismund or Arismund sought friendship and peace with Theodoric the which he did courteously graunt and moreouer Theodoric made an alliance with him by the marriage of a daughter of his the which hee sent him vnder the conduct of Sallan Maior of the palace with rich presents Remismund growne proud with these honours he seized againe vpon Lusitania where he tooke Conimbrica and spoyled it Lisbone was deliuered vnto him by Lusides who commaunded there during which things Theodoric was slaine at Tolouse by his brother Euric or Henry hauing reigned foureteene yeares vnder him liued Sydonius Apollinaris who of an Earle became a Bishop 5. Henry or Euric or Eoric 12 DEsire to reigne induced Henry to kill his brother Theodoric Ann. 471. who as some say receiued that which he had done to another for some did thinke that Theodoric and Frederic had beene authors of the death of Torismund their eldest brother Leon was at that time Emperour of Rome Exploits of Henry sitting at Constantinople As soone as Henry was seated in the royall throne of the Visigothes he entred into Spaine with a great army and seized vpon the whole countrey on this side Ebro for he tooke Pampelone Sarragosse and other places of the prouince of Tarracona then running into Lusitania and seeing the combustions which were in the Romane Empire on this side the Pyrenees he assayled Arles and Marseilles and joyned them vnto his kingdome and defeated Riothime king of the Britons who came against him in fauour of the Romanes with twelue thousand men Vindemir brother to Theodomir and vncle to Theodoric an Ostrogothe being king of Italie brought him forces out of Hungarie and gaue him meanes to seize vpon part of Gaule Hee caused the Gothes lawes to bee set downe in writing Proidigies who vntill that time had bin gouerned by customes Being at Arles where he held a generall assembly in armes according to the manner of that nation they did see the yron of their launces and other weapons change colour looking greene red blacke yellow and of diuers other colours and soone after the king died hauing reigned 17 yeares He was an Arrian Henrie an Arrian a persecutor of the Church as his predecessors and did persecute the churches shut vp the temples and caused them to be hedged about with thornes that they should forget the way to assemble During the reigne of this Henry Odoacer a Herule or Saxon entred into Italie who hauing forced Augustule who tearmed himselfe Emperor to leaue his purple robe he made himself king of Italie the which he held the space of 15 or 16 yeares 6. Alaric 13 ALaric succeeded his father Euric Punishment of a trecherâ—us Gouernor being the second of that name who reigned ouer the Visigothes at Tolouse when as Clouis the first Christian king reigned ouer the French In his reigne the Romanes had yet some lands in Spaine
said against whom D. Fernand hauing fortified himselfe with the succours of the Biscaines and of their Lord D. Lope Diaz who was grandchild to D. Suria and sonne to D. Inigo surnamed Esguerra which signifieth deafe in the countrey language and with other friends his neighbors he presented himselfe in battaile neere to Hazignas where they fought three seuerall daies with great obstinacie on either side but in the end the Moores were vanquished Moores defeated and lost more men than they had done in the former battailes The Spanish writers make mention here of another apparition of S. Iaques fighting for the Christians against the Infidels to whom they attribute the honor of this victorie The king D. Sancho being restored Leon. he married D. Theresa and hauing punished some confederats of this rebellion he made a generall assemblie of noblemen both of his subjects and allies at Leon. D. Fernand Gonsales could not well excuse himselfe wherefore he went well accompanied and was notwithstanding verie honourably entertained by the king They report That among other exquisit things which D. Fernand brought out of Castille to make shew of in that Court he had a goodly horse and one of the best Goshawkes that could be seene whereof the king was wonderfully desirous causing some to entreat the Earle to sell them to him and that he should aske what price he pleased The Earle answered That he would willingly giue them vnto the king but he would not sell them but the king would not receiue them of gift but made such meanes by his friends to buy them as in the end there was a price set A rash baragaine made betwixt Princes in sport and entertained by force which was to be payed at a certaine time vpon condition That if the king failed at the day of payment the summe agreed vpon should be doubled to the benefit of the creditor of which accord there were letters drawne and signed The rest of the time which D. Fernand remained in the king D. Sancho his Court was spent in pleasure In the end of the Assembly there was a particular treatie of the marriage of D. Fernand a widower with D. Sancha the Infanta of Nauarre daughter to D. Sancho Abarca and sister to D. Garcia then raigning in Nauarre and Arragon This marriage was propounded by the Queene Theresa mother to the king D. Sancho Gordo and sister to D. Sancha not for any loue she bare to the Earle of Castille but to intrap him in the snares which she had prepared for him in hatred and reuenge of the death of king Sancho Abarca her father whom he had slaine in warre as we haue said before The Earle consented to this marriage and tooke his leaue of the King and Queene and of the Noblemen of the Court and went into Castille to prepare himselfe for his future marriage but he found that during his absence the Nauarrois had spoyled his countrey and done manie acts of hostilitie against his subjects whereof he complained first by embassages and messages Warre betwixt Castille and Nauarre and demaunded restitution of that which had beene taken but it was in vaine Wherefore being a prince full of courage he went presently to armes and entred into the territories of Nauarre where he encountred an armie of Nauarrois and defeated it and so righted himselfe The treatie of marriage was still continued Nauarre by the meanes of the Queene mother of Leon sister to D. Sancha Insanta of Nauarre who had plotted with the king D. Garcia Sanches her brother to entrap the Earle vnder this colour of marriage and to be reuenged of him at their pleasures There was such sending on either part as in the end the Earle was persuaded to goe into Nauarre to conclude this marriage and hauing agreed with D. Garcia king of Nauarre That their enterview should be at a place called Cireugna either of them accompanied with fiue knights onely The Earle being arriued the king came with fiue and thirtie horsemen wherefore the Earle seeing himselfe thus surprised thought to saue himselfe in an hermitage neere adjoyning D. Fernand Earle of Castille surprised in Naâ—arre and detained prisoner but the holinesse of the place could not defend him but he was besieged and forced to yeeld vpon condition they should not put him to death Being taken he was shut vp in a sort called Chasteau Vieil or the old castle and but hardly entreated A while after an Italian knight of Lumbardie going in pilgrimage to Saint Iaques of Compostella that way and hearing that the Eatle D. Fernand was detained prisoner there he was verie desirous to see him for that he had heard so much same of his vertues and valour and at length found meanes to speake with him At his departure from thence this knight went to the Infanta D. Sancha who was both faire and louelie whose heart he did so mollifie with good words as she began to loue and to desire D. Fernands libertie and companie This Ladie moued with this affection D. Fernand of Castille deliuered out of prison wrought in such sort as one night she deliuered him out of prison hauing plighted their faithes and promised marriage one vnto the other without the priuitie of the king D. Garcia Sanches and together tooke their way to Castille where they had scarce entred the limits but they met with great troupes of souldiours These were the Earles subjects who vpon the newes of his imprisonment had assembled themselues together in armes and hauing made an Image like vnto their Lord they had all taken a solemne oath before it That not any one of them should returne vnto his house vntill the Earle were deliuered â—oue of subiects to their Prince and that whosoeuer should doe otherwise should bee held for a traitor Being thus resolued they came into Nauarre when as they had this happie encountet of the Earle D. Fernand and the Countesse D. Sancha his spouse whom they receiued with all the honour and signes of joy that the place and their furniture would permit The king D. Garcia Sanches being aduertised of his sisters flight Castille and the Earles deliuerie was wonderfully incensed he leuied an armie and entred into the territories of Castille whereas the Earle came to encounter him with a great power and gaue him battaile in the which the Nauarrois were defeated and the king D. Garcia taken prisoner being ouerthrowne with the blow of a launce Nauarrois defeated and the king D. Garcia Sanches taken prisoner by the Earle himselfe who had sought for him and encountred him in the sight So he was led to Burgos and there remained thirteene moneths in safe keeping Then at the entreatie of the Countesse D. Sancha he was set at libertie and sent into his countrey honourably attended Yet for all this the quarrels betwixt Castille and Nauarre were not ended for a while after the Earle D. Fernand being gone to Leon the king
interpreted Captaine or protector and defendor of his king Mansor Almansor signifies victorious The proper name of the Miralmumin was Balharabo The Moores in Spaine drew great succours from Affricke in manner of a Croisadoe and vnder the title of religion The first passage of the Moores into the Christians countrey in the raigne of this king was in the yeare 963 at the instance of Roderigo Velasques into Gallicia where he committed infinit spoyles and ruined part of S. Iaques church But the plague being in his campe he was forced to retire and could not wholly ruine the countrey as he had intended The king D. Bermond Leon. and the noblemen of Gallicia after the Moores retrait repaired the spoyles which they had made as well as they could In the meane time the king D. Ramir died without children in the yeare 965 so as the kingdome of Leon came to the king D. Bermond D. Ramir was interred at Destriana a monasterie of a royall foundation and a long time after transported to Astorga S. Iaques church being repaired and newly consecrated D. Pedro of Mansorio the Bishop died and in his place D. Pelagius Diaz was chosen a lewd man Prophane Bishops at Compostella and a contemner of all religion wherefore he was iustly expelled and Vimare his brother aduanced in his stead who for his vices deserued by a just judgement of God to be drowned in the riuer of Minio There was another substituted to him of as bad a life the which was put in prison by the king D. Bermond Thus was the church of S. Iaques still furnished with bad Pastors D. Bermond second of that name 21 King of Leon called the Goutie 15 DOn Bermond Leon. or Veremond or Bermund sonne to king D. Ordogno the third vnited the two realms of Leon and Gallicia being receiued after the death of D. Ramir Anno 965. without any difficultie In the beginning of his raigne Moores or thereabouts Alcorrexi was famous hee was the first Moore of whom any mention is made that was called King of Seuile Seuille a royall seat of the Moores since the Monarchie of the Arabians in Spaine who spoyled all that part of Gallicia which now belongs to Portugal and lyes betwixt the riuers of Duero and Minio and passing on he wasted all the countrey vnto S. Iaques the which he sacked and ruined His armie was infected with the plague as that of Almansor or Mahomad Ibnc Aben Hamur had beene who returned into the territories of Leon and that knight of Alaua aboue mentioned marching with him accompanied with a band of Christians his friends and partisans he defeated the king D. Bermond in battell at the riuer of Estolle beyond Duero and besieged the citie of Leon from whence he was forced to raise his siege by reason of the waters and Winter In the Spring he returned to this siege into the which the king had put an earle called Don Guillen Gonsales gouernour of Gallicia who did his best indeuor to defend it for being sicke in his bed he caused himselfe to be carried in a litter to the place where as the Moores made their greatest attempt and defended it three dayes but in the end not able to resist so great a power the towne was taken Leon the capitall citie of the Christians taken by the Arabians D. Guillen and many other braue men were slaine and the sacke giuen to the souldiers D. Bermond had beene carefull to retire the bodies of kings his predecessors and especially the reliques and other jewels of the temple the which he caused to bee transported to Ouiedo This calamitie happened in the yeare 968 the which fell also vpon Astorga Valence de Campo Sahagun Gordon Albe Lune and other townes which were ruined Then the Moores entring Castille they tooke and sackt the townes of Osma Berlanga Atiensa and other places whereof some were ruined and some made tributarie And with this successe they returned with their victorious armie to Cordoua with great spoyls and which was most lamentable a great number of poore Christian slaues of all sexes and ages and to increase their miseries Diuision of Christians giues an entrie to the Infidels and to aggrauate their guilt they were for the most part so carelesse of God and all religion as they betrayed their brethren and companions vnto the Moores without respect of bloud countrey profession or honour In Castille there was a knight called D. Ruy Velasques Castille lord of Villaren whose sister D. Sancha was maried to D. Gonsal Iuste sonne to that Iuste Gonsales who was issued from a daughter of D. Diego Porcello and who enjoyed the Seigniories of Salas and of Lara D. Gonsal Iuste and D. Sancha his wife had seuen sonnes whom they commonly called the children of Lara or of Salas bred vp in all vertue by a discreet knight called Nugno Salido who was valiant and hardie all which were made knights in one day by the earle D. Garcia Fernandes vnto whom they were allied It happened that D. Ruy de Velasques their vncle by the mothers side maried a ladie borne in Bureua the chiefe towne of which country is Birbiesca her name was D. Lambra allied also to the earle D. Garcia Fernandes she was young indiscreet proud and high minded Whose mariage was celebrated with great pompe in the citie of Burgos whither came many knights from Castille Leon Nauarre and other places and among others D. Gonsal Iuste and his wife D. Sancha with their seuen sonnes assisted During the solemnitie of this mariage which continued fiue weekes the younger brother of the seuen had some vnkind speeches with D. Aluaro Sanches cousen to D. Lambra the Bride who were for that time reconciled by the meanes of the earle D. Garcia and of D. Gonsal Iuste father to one of the contendants But the new maried wife was so incensed for this breach with her cousen as she conceiued a deadly hatred against all the house of Lara The mariage being ended D. Sancha went with her seuen sonnes to accompanie the maried couple to their house at Barbadillo whereas D. Lambra espying one day the younger brother which had the quarell with her cousen in an orchard â—â—sposition of a womaÌ„ inclined to reuenge bathing a Goshawke she commaunded a groome to cast a filthie Cocumber at him to doe him a despight wherewith the knight and his brethren who were present being moued they pursued this groome in such a rage as thinking to saue himselfe by the fauour of his ladie he was slaine neere vnto her who could not saue him At the same time neither D. Ruy Velasques nor D. Gonsales Iuste were with their wiues for they did accompanie the earle D. Garcia who presently after this mariage went to visit his countrey and the forts of Castille but when as they were returned to Barbadillo they vnderstood to their great griefe of this outrage Euerie one retires to his own house D. Lambra mad
vanquished the two sonnes of Carrion with their vncle a partifa of their villany called Suero Gonçales who were proclaimed infamous and traitors and degraded of al honor and title of nobility These two Ladies were afterwards happely married into the house of Nauarre that is D. Eluira to D. Ramires sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia and D. Sol to the sonne of D. Pedro then raigning in Nauarre and Arragon called also D. Pedro who died before his father After these last marriages Cid growne old did nothing that was memorable He setled the Estate of Valencia as well as he could with the aide of the Princes of Nauarre and Arragon his allyes And the better to assure it he chased away diuers families of the Moores which were suspected vnto him A captaine of the Moores who was also a Doctor of the law of Mahumet Alfaraâ—i a great Doctor of the Mahumetists bâ—ptized called Alfaraxi a great friend to Cid tooke vpon him the Christian religion being held a man of great valour and Iudgement The authors place the death of Cid Ruis Dias of Biuar in the yeere 1098. the towne of Valencia beeing anoyed by the Moores which held their campe about it yet notwithstanding they say that the widow accoÌ„panied with D. Ierosme the Bishop went out of the towne conducting her husbands body to bury it at Saint Pedro de Cerdegna where it was laied Death of Cid Ruis of Biuar the Monkes of that place at this day shew many iewells and other things which they say had beene giuen by that great captaine to their Monastery After his death the Christians which were at Valencia fearing they should not bee able to resist the forces of the Moores Almorauides abandoned the towne which came into the Inâ—idels power againe and so continued 140. yeeres D. Pedro the first of that name the seuenteenth King of Nauarre and the third of Arragon 19. IN the meane time by the decease of D. Sancho Ramires Nauarre and Arragon the crowne of Nauarre and Arragon was come to D. Pedro the first of that name in the yeere 1094. who had raigned nine yeeres in Sobrarbre and Ribagorca At his comming hee swore to maintaine the lawes preuiledges of the country and intitled himselfe King of Pampelone and Arragon He continued the â—eege of Huesca the which was long and difficult by reason of the strength of the place and the resistance of the Inhabitants assisted by Almocaben King of Sarragosse and other Moores and also by some Christians of which number were D. Garcia Earle of Cabra and D. Gonçales vassals to the King of Castille A great defeat of Moores and the taking of Huesâ—â— These beeing come to succor Huesca with a mighty army in the yeere 1096. thinking to raise the seege had a battane in the fields called Alcoraz with the Nauarrois and Arâ—agonois who wonne it killing aboue 30000. Moores the rest were wholy put to rout and flight so as the towne despayring of al succors yeelded to D. Pedro King of Nauarre and Arragon Here they forge the ancient armes of Arragon vpon a vision which the Spanish writers say had appeered to many Arragonois during the combat that is Saint George on horse-backe with a shield of steele and a crosse gueules fighting for the Christians and that after the defeat there were foure heads of the chiefe Princes of the Moores found The armes of Arragon wherevpon they say that D. Pedro the King tooke for the armes of Arragon a crosse gueuls in a field argent betwixt foure Moores heads of the same collour In this battaile of Alcoraz were renouned for their vertue and prowesse Gaston Biâ—l the stemme of the family of Cornels Federic Atrocillo Lopes Ferencio de Luna Gomes de Luna Fortun Maza Simon Aznar Oteicia Sancho Pegna Knights of Arragon Huesca being taken the great Mosquee was presently dedicated for a Cathedral church and the Episcopal Sea of Iacca was transsated thether as it had beene in times past There were Christians Musarabes found within the towne who had liued there during the Moores Empire alwaies in liberty of their religion saying their seruice in Saint Peters church The King D. Pedro indowed this Cathedrall church of Huesca with great reuenues and inuited by great preuiledges men to come from al parts to inhabit it This D. Pedro during the life time of D. Sancho his father was married to an Italian Lady called by some Bertha by others Ygnes so as it is vncertaine whether hee had one wife Gâ—ncalogy of Nauarre to whom these names are attributed or that he were twice married Hee had by his wife one sonne called also D. Pedro and a daughter named D. Isabel both which died before the father The Infant D. Pedro was married to D. Sol the second daughter of Cid Ruis Diaz As for D. Eluira the other daughter of Cid shee had by her husband D. Ramir Sanches sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia one sonne called D. Garcia Ramires who was Lord of Corrada and one daughter D. Eluira Ramires the which was married in Castille to D. Rodrigo Gomes sonne to D. Gomes Earle of Candespina and Gormas By these alliances the house of Nauarre and Arragon beeing fauorable to Cid Ruis Diaz who held Valencia he had often aide and support against the Moores both of men and money from the Princes thereof After the taking of Huesca the King D. Pedro put in garrison there D. Fortun Garces de Biel D. Ferris de Liçana and D. Pedro de Vergas hee tooke a strong castle nere to Bolea called Calafanzo and he with the other Christian Princes had done greater exploits if there had beene more faith and better correspondency amongst them yea more zeale and good religion but euery one seeking to make his house great and to that end crossing one an other the Moores power increased by the vnion which they had made of Spaine and Affrike It was at that time when as the warres in the East were most hot and that all the Princes Noblemen and Gentlemen which bare armes in France Germany Italy and England yea and in Spaine burned with desire to goe this voyage Forgetting their countries affaires and families to ingage themselues in this enterprise So as it is no wonder if the Moores Estate beeing in a manner troden vnder foote in the West by their seditions and factions hauing found support of the Myralmumins of Affrike at such time when as euery man did runne to the conquest of the East were restored by the Almorauides At this time the secular Lords or Lay men Tithes granted tolay men fitted themselues with the reuenues of the church and with titles throughout all Europe Pope Vrbain hauing granted his Bulles to Christian Princes and Potentats according vnto those of Pope Gregory the 7. giuen at Saint Iean de Latran in the yeere 1073. who did not grant it but vnto Kings in those Lands where they should build churches But Pope
if his enterprise succeeded well it fell out according to his desire for he put his men secretly into the towne beeing ill guarded S. Iren taken 〈◊〉 Mores without discouerie and tooke it in the yeare 1147. on Saint Michaels day putting all that resisted to the sword and taking many prisoners Beeing returned to Coimbra and hauing giuen thankes vnto God for the fauour which he had done him hee performed his vow and built the Monasterie of Alâ—ouaça where he placed Monkes of the Order of Cisteaux for the loue of Saint Bernard who liued in those times After this conquest seeing that the Miralmumin of Affricke and Spaine was much troubled to defend himselfe against the faction of the Almohades he followed his good fortune and tooke from the Moores the castell of Mafra where he placed D. Fernand of Montezo for Gouernor who in succession of time was great Master of the Order of Auis of the profession of S. Benet which had its beginning during the life of this king of Portugall Hee tooke also from them the castell of Sintra and from thence came to lay seege to Lisbone where he was assisted by many knights of France England â—landers which came by sea and landed at Cascais then came they camped where as the Monasterie of S. Francis was since built the Kings armie beeing lodged where as Saint Vincent now stands which places were then without the circuit of the citty wals The cittie was so prest by these forces as after many dangerous assaults it was taken the Christians entring by the port of Alfama the 25. of October 1147. the seege hauing continued fiue whole moneths Many Knights and other strangers which were come to this warre desirous to employ themselues continually against the Infidels enemies of our faith Lisbone taken froÌ„ the Mores vowed neuer to returne into their countries but to remaine in Portugall who by the kings permission inhabited there and peopled Almada Villeuerda Arruda Zambuja Castagrera Lourinhan Ville franche and other places This cittie of Lisbone which since hath beene the chiefe of Portugall and the ornament of Spaine was purged by the bishops from the impieties of Mshumet and their great Mosquee made a Cathedrall church where as one Gilbert a stranger but of a holy life was made bishop and the king caused the Monasterie of S Vincent to be built in the same place where he had camped By means of this important conquest the king took also from the Mores Alanguer Obidos Torresuedras and many other places so as he dispossest them in this warre of all the counâ—â—ie which is called Extremadura and paâ—â—ing Tayo he extended him limits conquering Acaçar de Sal Ebora Yelbes Moura Serpa vnto Veja where he put the Moores which defended it to the sword for that during this seege other Moores hauing taken the towne of â—roncoso had vnpeopled it and chased away all the Christians that were within it King D. Alphonso Henriques did these goodly exploits Moores whilst that the Arabians were at war among themselues by reason of the factions of the Almorauides and Almohades the which was continued with such animositie as after many routes of either part on the one side the followers of Abdelmon and his companions Aben-Thumert and Almohaâ—â— not ceasing to vrge the new interpretatior of the law of Mahumet and to perswade the Affricans to poursue the race of the Almorauides as tyrannous and detayning the Soueraigntie of the Arabians vniustly and on the other side Albo-Ali Aben Tefin defending the royall Soueraigntie couragiously which he had receiued from his predecessors in the end the chiefe forces of both factions incountring in a bloudie battell End of Almorauides raigne in Affrick and toe beginning of the Almobades the Almorauides were vanquished and their King Albohali slaine vppon the place and the victors neuer ceased vntill they had ruined all the contrarie faction the soueraigne command remayning to the Almohades so as Abdelmon was chosen Miralmumin and king in the yeare of our redemption 1147. and of the Arabians Empire 530. the Almorauides Moores hauing raigned in Affricke about 79. yeares and 55. in Spaine The troubles of Affricke not presently pacified did so busie the new king Abdelmon as he had no meanes to prouide for the affaires of Spaine vntill the yeare 1150. during which time the Christian kings had leysure to do these exploytes Beside the which Arragon and Barcelone it is found that D. Raymond Berenger wonne the strong townes of Lerida and Fraga and D. Armingl Earle of Vrgel those of Alquarra Tamarit Litera and others D. Raymond Berenger changed the Bishoprickes of Roda and Barbastro to Lerida with the Popes approbation the first Prelat was D. William Pedro de Rayeta This Prince of Cattelogne beeing no lesse deuout to Monkes then others of his time gaue vnto the Monasterie of Escala Dei the towne of Alma in perpetuitie whereas the Monasterie of Oliue was built Hee intitled himselfe then Prince of Arragon Earle of Barcelone and Marquis of Torrose In the yeare 1150. Nauarre An. 1150 D. Garcia king of Nauarre died a Prince endowed with royal vertues Beeing prouoked by the daily mutinies of the Inhabitants of Pampelone to suppresse and punish them he went thitherward from Estelle and by the way stayed some little time at Lorca to hunt as he galloped through the woods and mountaines his horse stumbling fell with him in a narrow stonie place so as the king brake his leg and with-all was so brused as he dyed past all cure vpon the place hauing raigned sixteene yeares and some dayes His body was carried to Pampelone and interred in the Cathedrall Church with a royall pompe beeing the first of the kings of Nauarre which had bin 〈◊〉 there D. Sancho his son succeeded him the seuenth of that name surnamed the Wife This yeare D. Raymond Berenger continued to annoy the rest of the Moores Arragon and Barcelone whom he chased quite out of all the countrie which lyes betwixt Lerida and Sarragosse hauing dispossest them of the forts of Aytona Seros and Mechinesa this was when the Almohades began to shew themselues in Spaine The marriage betwixt Lewis the French King Castile called the young and Don Isabella daughter to the Emperour D. Alphonso of Castille and of D. Berenguela sister to the Earle D. Raymond was then treated of Beeing concluded some put a conceipt in the Kings head that D. Isabella was a bastard wherefore he came in person into Spaine vnder colour to go to Saint Iames but it was in truth to informe himselfe of the birth of D. Isabella and to see her where he found that she was the lawfull daughter of D. Alphonso Raymond and of D. Berenguelâ— his wife In this voyage king Lewis was receiued in the cittie of Burgos the royall seate of Castille with all the honors fit for such a king who in his returne came to Toledo where as he found the King or
his sword presently and gaue this poore Pedro Diaz a deadly wound and then fled the gard and other soldiars making shew to follow him towards the towne where hee was receiued and knowne by his old Master Lope d' Arenas who nothing suspecting Dominguillo was trecherously slaine by him the murtherer hauing meanes to slip downe the wall and to recouer the campe Vpon the Gouernors death the souldiars and inhabitants resolued to yeeld the towne of Surita vnto the King Dominguillo who was prowd of this execution demanded his reward of the King but the King by a memorable example of Iustice whosoeuer aduised him vsed an admirable proportion in this action for hee first caused his eyes to bee put out for the murther which he had committed hauing not made him acquainted therewith and then hee gaue him that which was needfull for his entertainement but hearing after that hee did glory too much in his treason hee caused him to bee slaine After this enterprise of Surita the King dismissed his souldiers who returned to their houses Howsoeuer D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal ended his quarrels with D. Fernand of Leon Portugal yet in the yeere of our Lord 1169. hee had confirmation of his royall titles from Pope Alexander to whom he sent his Bulles taking the King D. Alphonso Henriques his successours Realme and subiects into the protection of the church of Rome paying two markes of gold for an acknowledgment or rent the which the Archbishop of Braga did receiue yeerely for the church of Rome yet no man can say that this rent was euer paied and if D. Fernand married his daughter D. Vrraca by whom he had one sonne called D. Alphonso who succeeded him in his realmes of Leon and Galicia yet this affinity did not suppresse the troubles and lamentable factions which followed King D. Fernand by the aduise of banished Portugais caused the city of Rodrique to be fortified the which some hold to bee ancient Mirobrisa and there placed a good garrison the which did wonderfully annoy the Portugals that lay neere it built Ledesma neere to Salamanca which did much in domage that city as you shal heare this King tooke pleasure in building Places built by D. Fernand when hee was not prest with warre and therefore they say that Granada which is neere to Coria Valencâ—a in the Bishoprike of Quiedo Villalpando Mansilla Majorga in the Bishoprike of Leon and Castro in Toraphe in the Bishoprike of Zamora are his workes Hee was diuorced from Vrraca by reason of consanguinity and tooke to his second wife D. Theresa daughter to Nugno de Lara after whose death he had a third wife called D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay By this last wife D. Fernand had D. Sancho and D. Garcia lawful heires to the realme of Leon Genealogy of Leon. for that they were by the Popes sentence borne in lawful wed-locke not D. Alphonso yet they raigned not neither did they leaue any heires 4 The house of Biscay was then in great esteeme The house of Biscay out of the which was issued the third wife of the King D. Fernand the order and continuance of which family is thus set downe by the Spanish writers They name for the best knowne stem of this house D. suria who by his mothers side was Nephew to the King of Scotland begotten by a knight of Biscay called D. Lope who obtained the Siegneury of Biscay in the yeere 870. Suria in the Cantabrian tongue signifies white He carried in his armories two wolues sables either of them with a Lambe in his mouth in a field Argent which were the ancient armes of Biscay he married to his second wife D. Dalda daughter and heire to D. Sancho Esteguis Ordognes Lord of Tauira of Durango by whom he had one sonne called D. Manso Lopes who was Lord of Biscay and of Tauira of Durango this D. Manso had by his first wife for hee was married thrice one sonne called D. Inigo Esguerra that is to say deafe in the Biscaine tongue who was the third Lord of Biscay Of him was borne D. Lope Diaz the fourth Lord of Biscaie who liued in the time of D. Fernand Conçales Earle of Castille D. Sancho Lopes was his sonne and the fifth Lord of Biscay who although hee had two sonnes D. Inigo and D. Garcia surnamed Sanches yet did neither of them succeed him in the Siegneurie of Biscay the reason was that the souldiars beeing in mutynie at their returne from a certaine warre in Cubijana of Morillas in the Prouince of Alaua as D. Sancho Lopes came amongst their drawne swords to paciâ—ie them he receiued a wound for an other and was slaine leauing these two verie little wherefore the Biscaines hauing neede of a Lord able to gouerne them they made choise of D. Inigo Esguerra the second of that name bastard brother to the deceased who was the sixth Lord of Biscay of him came D. Lope Diaz the second who ruled in Biscay And to make some recompence to the children of D. Sancho Lopes D. Inigo Sancho had Lodio giuen him for a portion and D. Garcia that of Orozco D. Lope Diaz the seuenth Lord of Biscay was father to D. Diego Lopes who succeeded him in the daies of King D. Alphonso the sixth This D. Diego was the eighth Lord of Biscay surnamed the white and being maried to a Lady of Arragon he begat one sonne called D. Lope Diaz who was afterwards the ninth Lord of Biscay the third of that name It is that D. Lope which was at the siege of Surita with King D. Alphonso called the Noble in whose raigne wee now are come and whole daughter D. Vrraca was married to Fernand the second King of Leon and Gallicia hee also hauing built vp the towne of Haro in Rioje surnamed himselfe of Haro and left it to his posterity He had of D. Mencia his wife one sonne called D. Diego Lopes de Haro heire of his fathers estates and an other daughter called D. Gaufreda who some say had beene Queene of Nauarre but it is doubtfull This D. Diego Lopes was the tenth Lord of Biscay and a very good Knight who had the honor to bee standard-bearer to the King of Castille and was at al the exploits of warre done by King D. Alphonso the ninth Hee had to wife D. Maria Diaz de Lara daughter to Cont Nugno of whom we haue made mention and she bare him D. Lopes Diaz de Haro who was the eleuenth Lord of Biscay His Image is to be seene kneeling in the quier of the great church of Toledo planted against a piller The succession of these Lords shall bee here-after set downe according to the time Returning to King D. Alphonso Castille after the taking of Surita hauing dismissed his souldiars he returned to Toledo where hee kept his court and assembled the Noblemen and knights his vassals where finding himselfe in free possession of all the
haue beene a widow To this effect D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos and D. Pedro Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Peter of Arlança D. Ferdinand King of Castille merries the Emperor of Germanies daughter with the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn were sent Ambassadors wel attended who concluded this marriage notwithstanding that they held them foure monthes without any resolution this Princesse was sent into Spaine through France whereas Philip Augustus then raigning did her much honour throughout his whole realme causing her to bee conducted vnto Guipusâ—oa from whence the Noblemen of Spaine which were deputed to receiue her conducted her to Victoria whereas the Queene D. Berengula met her and did accompany her to Burgos this Princesse did please D. Fernand for she was exceeding faire Three daies after her arriual the King was made Knight and did arme himselfe in the Monastery of Las Huelgas and then he married D. Beatrix the last of December 1220. An. 1220. Of this marriage issued many children whereof the eldest was Alphonso who succeeded in the two Realmes of Castille and Leon the second was D. Frederic the third D. Fernand the fourth D. Henry the fifth D. Philip the sixth D. Sancho the seuenth and last D. Manuel Hee had also two daughters D. Elenor who died and Infant an D. Berenguela a Nunne in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The yeere following 1221. the marriage was concluded betwixt D. Elenor the King of Castilles aunt and D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon who was then but thirteene yeeres old which argues falshood in some which haue written that this King before hee married this Princesse had contracted a secret marriage with D. Theresa Gil of Bidaura daughter of D. Iohn of Bidaura of whom hee begot two sonnes the one called D. Pedro who was Lord of Aierbe and the other D. Iaime Lord of Xerica the which hath no great ground in nature considering the King was very yong and we must beleeue that the acquintance he had with this Lady either as a spouse or a friend was ten yeeres after when he was diuorced from D. Elenor. He was in a manner constrained to make this alliance with Castille hauing need of D. Fernands assistance by reason of the troubles he had in his country which grew through the bad and tyranous gouernment and ambition of his vncles the which wee must relate and fetch farther off This Prince had beene drawne as wee haue sayd out of the hands of Symon Earle of Montfort and conducted into his realme of Arragon where there was great contention betwixt the Estates Contentions in Arragon and the Earles of Roussillon the father and sonne to D. Fernand and the Abbot of Montarragon the Kings vncles who in stead of gouerning the realme would haue wrested it from him notwithstanding by the fidelity of the Estates and their authority together with the dilligence of the Cardinal of Beneuent the Legat right preuailed and the Infant D. Iames was ackowledged for lawfull King at Lerida as I haue sayd where the Princes contending did not appeere Raymond Berenger Earle of â—rouence father to fiue Queenes 8 There were three Gouernors appointed two in Arragon which were D. Pedro d' Ahones and D. Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra whose Gouernments were distinct by the riuer of Ebro and the third in Cattelogâ—e Ouer all the which D. Sancho Earle of Roussillon was appointed superintendent There it was also concluded that D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence a young Prince of nine yeeres of age sonne to D. Alphonso should be with the King vnder the same tutors aboue mentioned the which was put in execution but the Earle soone after about the yeere of our Lord 1216. escaped from them and retired into Prouence where hee married the daughter of Thomas Earle of Morienne named Beatrix who was mother of fiue Queenes To preuent the continual practises of the Earles of Roussillon and of D. Fernand vncles to the young King it was resolued about the yeere 1217. that hee should bee declared of full age being then but tenne yeeres old according vnto some the which the Earle of Rousillon did wonderfully contradict yet after great contention he quit the Regency in the yeere 1218. by the authority of the Estates assembled to that end at Tarragone whereas the Earle receiued certaine places in fee of the King At this time the authority of the Magistrate called the Iustice of Arragon was great for the defence of the publike liberty The yeere following 1219. all the continent of Spaine was afflicted with a great drought wherevnto it is very much subiect as well through want of raine as for that the springs were dried vp so as there followed a great dearth and pestilent diseases These calamities were accompanied with troubles and ciuill seditions by the rebellion of D. Roderigo Lizana a man of great authority and power who being incensed for some pretended wrongs against Lope d' Albero hee surprized him in his house and shut him vp in a fort of his from whence the King deliuered him by force his commandements nor the decrees of his councel preuailing nothing D. Roderigo despayring to finde grace with the King retired to Albarrazin to D. Pedro Fernandes de Açagra whether they senâ—troupes of souldiers to besiege them who could not force the place beeing strong both by nature and art notwithstanding D. Roderigo and D. Pedro Fernandes acknowledging their fault obtained pardon of the King In these sieges they vsed an Engine of battery made at Huesca which did cast great stones making one hundred and fifty shot in a day and a night with great ruine These things happened in the yeere 1221. whilest they treated of the marriage of the sayd King D. Iames with D. Elenor of Castille the Mediators whereof were D. Symon Cornel William Ceruera and William Raymond of Moncade hee which married Garsinde the heire of the country of Berne for the accomplishing wherof the parties met at Agreda where they were made sure and the contract of marriage drawne greatly to the Queenes aduantage from whence they went to marry in the city of Tarrassone Of this marriage D. Alphonso was borne who died before the father This marriage was not firme for being made without a dispensation from the Pope being cousins in a prohibited degree it was dissolued by Pope Honorius the second after some yeeres and the Infanta sent home into Castille yet some say that shee professed herselfe in the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Vega. 9 A little before this King D. Iaime had instituted the Order which they call our Lady of the redemption of prisoners otherwise de la Merced Order of Merced by the councel of his confessor friat Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochefort who set downe the rules for the religious of this Order vnder that of Saint Augustine Their profession and chiefe vow was to goe into the Moores country to redeeme Christians that were prisoners and if
most stately of all Spaine was to be peopled anew if they would keepe it wherefore there were chiefe men appointed by the king D. Iames to distribute the houses and buildings lands and possessions to the new Colonie which was sent out of the countries of Cattelogne and Arragon These were D. Berenger Palatiol Bishop of Barcelone D. Vidal Canelia Bishop of Huesca Don Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra and Don Symon d' Vrraca knights who disposed of the places vnto those that should people this great citty according vnto euery mans ranke dignity and merit There were 380. heads of families among other men of marke or old souldiers hauing faithfully and valiantly carried armes as well at this seege as in former warres then to this effect inrolled to hold the first place and prerogatiue among the Inhabitants thereof and there were priâ—ate lawes made for them of Valencia yet the Gentlemen of Arragon who were appointed for this new Colony did insist that they and their inheritors might enioy the priuiledges of Arragon the which did afterwards breed trobles and dissentions betwixt them and the rest of the people The Episcopall sea was restored to this citty and D. Ferrier of S Martin was the first bishop being made subiect to the Arch bishop of Tarragone notwithstanding that in the Goths time that church did acknowledge the Metropolitan of Toledo D. Roderigo Lizana was madeâ—the first Viceroy of Valencia by the king D. Iames there were many Christian families found in it who did exercise their religion in the church of S. Sepulcher called at this day S Bartholomew It was then of a round forme and but weakly walled at this day it is enlarged and made square and hath 12. gates where as it had but 4. The chiefe citty of this realme beeing now in the power of the king of Arragon he soone recouered all the other places and forts which was a goodly conquest and a great increase to his other Estates The other places continued peopled with the ancient inhabitants who were contented to liue vnder the king of Arragon enioying their religion The affaires of Spain being in this estate Castile D. Fernand king of Castile after the death of D. Beatrix his wife married a French Lady called Ieanne daughter to Symon Earle of Ponthieu who was somewhat allyed to the house of Castile by the mothers side for that her mother wife to Cont Symon called Mary was daughter to Adella Countesse of Ponthâ—eu grand-child to king Lewis the 7. and D. Isabella of Castile daughter to the Emperor D. Alphonso 〈…〉 This Lady was very mild and greatly beloued and honored of the Spaniards The king had by her the Infant D. Fernand surnamed of Ponthieu one daughter called D. Leonora and another son whose name was D. Louis The marriage being consumated the king led his new spouse through the townes of Castile and Leon whereas great honours were done vnto her In the meane time he disposed of all necessarie prouisions vpon the Mores fronters where they were continually annoyed by their incursions to preuent the which the Gouernor D. Aluaro Perez de Castro a wise and politick Captaine omitted not any thing that might concerne the duty 〈…〉 charge The Mores were so insolent vnder their new king Mahomad Aben-Alhamar as D. Aluaro Perez was forced to come in person to confer with the king at Aillon and to acquaint him with the affaires of that fronter where the Mores were the stronger and had a little before his departure beseeged Martoâ— the which without the succors which D. Tello Alphonso de Meneses brought had bin taken and in it his wife whom he had left there Wherupon the king commanded he should be supplyed with all things that were needfull but as this knight returned into Andalusia he dyed at Orgas in the yeare 1239. whose losse was great and at the same time there dyed also D. Lope Diaz de Haro another valiant and wise knight leauing one sonne heire of the â—eigneurie of Biscay and other lands called D. Diego Lopes the 3. of that name The good successe which the kings of Spaine had in their conquests made them and their subiects the more superstitioâ—s They of Arragon shewed great deuotin at that time to an image which was found during the war of Valence to the which there was a Monastery built at Puig and it recommended to the Monks called de la Merced Then was the Episcopall seate of Calaorra remooued to S. Dominick de la Calçada by the procurement of D. Iohn Perez the bishop who spared not his paines to go to Rome where he obtained whâ—t he pretended from Pope Gregory the 9. the holy Father prouiding and giuing power vnto the Bishop to taxe his Diocesses for the defraying of his charges If this touched the glory of God or the edification of his church let the wise iudge bâ—t this did not hold for some yeares after the church of Calaorra was restored to her former dignitie and yet that of â— Dominick remained a Cathedral being in former time but a Collegial yet one bishop holding both vnto ourtime At that time there liued a Doctor called Hugues Candido a lacobin of whom Spaine makes great account After the death of D. Aluaro de Castro the king of Castile hauing led an army in person into Andalusia and giuen order for the safe keeping of the citty of Cordoua he tooke partly by force paâ—tly by feare Townes and castels taken froÌ„ the Mores and partly by accord the citty of Eccia and the townes of Estepa Almodoual del Rio Siettefilla Lucena Luque Porcuna Cote Moron Castellar Marchena Coeros Cabra Osuna Baena Monraquilar Tenexir Ballar Bute Morgu Pardal Cafra Ornachuelos Mirabel Fuenteçumel Moratilla and S. Ella most of which places the knights of Calatraua they of S. Iames and the Prelates obtained from the king and was giuen to the Noblemen and knights The kings affairs were much aduanced by the taking of a Moore Almohade who had past out of Affrick into Spaine to challenge that which the kings of his race had enioyed there Caid Arrax then raigned at Maroc beeing grand child to Aben-Mahomad the Greene borne at Bufax who dyed while his father liued In the yeare 1240. a truce was made betwixt the king of Castile and Mahomad Aben-Alamar of Arjona who raigned in Granado Vntill this time Don Roderigo the Archbishop and Primate hath written the historie or Chronicle of Spaine The title which Don Fernand king of Castile gaue himselfe at that time was king of Castile Toledo Leon Galicia Cordoua and Baeça leauing that of Nagera and other small places for the which he tooke those of the great townes which he had conquered from the Moores Hee gaue the like titles to the Queenes his mother and wife as it appeares by that which was written of him in Latin the same yeare as the custome was then where particular mention is made of the infants D. Alphonso and D. Frederick
which were both Queenes the one named D. Ieanne wife to Henry the second King of Castile and the other D. Constance married to D. Pedro King of Portugal During the marriage of Duke Iohn of Brittaine and of D. Isabel at Burgos the Infant D. Iohn of Castile alwaies like himself turbulent seditious came nere vnto the city accompanied with soldiars Distrust of D. Iohn of Castille and treachery of the King D. Fernand the cause of great trouble would not enter without assurance the which was giuen him yet notwithstanding the King commanded he should be taken and slaine whereof beeing aduertised by the Queene mother vpon whose word hee was chiefely entred into the Citie hee went forth verie earely in the morning seeming for to goe a hunting and so escaped Beeing pursued in vaine by the Kings men which hee had sent after him Many knights and among others D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara detesting the Kings treachery and withal ill affected to him followed D. Iohn and beganne new troubles in the Realme of Castille The Duke of Brittaine gaue them leaue to end their quarrels and carried away his spouse into Brittaine The Queene mother with the Archbishop of Saint Iames and the Bishops of Palence Lugo and Mondognedo labored to pacifie and content these rebels and in the meane time D. Constance the Queene raigning was brought in bed of her sonne D. Alphonso in the city of Salamanca who was heire of the Realmes of Castille and Leon. The King of Castille and Arragon Alliance renued betwixt Castille and Arragon had an enterview at Calatajub where a promise of marriage was made betwixt D. Leonora of Castille who was but three yeeres old and the Infant D. Iames of Arragon and an other marriage was concluded betwixt D. Pedro brother to the King of Castille with Donna Maria daughter to the King of Arragon and there the two Kings made a new league and confederation against the Infidels to make warre against whom the King of Castille called an assembly of the Estates of Castille at Vailedolit from whence D. Pedro the Kings brother was sent with an army to beseege Alcaudete In the meane time the King staied in Castille making seizures and taking by force certaine castles which did belong vnto his Rebels Afterwards hee came in person into Andalusia where being arriued at Martos hee caused two knights brethren to bee apprehended being accused for a murther commited on the person of Don Iohn Alphonso de Benauides who had beene slaine at Palence going out of the Kings lodging These two brethren whom they called Peter and Iohn of Carauajal Two brethren eâ—ecuted vniustly beeing condemned without any great proofes to bee cast downe head-long from the top of the rocke of Martos as they were at their execution protesting of their Innocency they adiourned the King to appeere before the Tribunal seat of Almighty GOD Alcaudete taken by the King of Castille within thirty daies after to giue reason of the death which he made them suffer vniustly notwithstanding all this they were executed The King beeing come to the Campe before Alcaudete hee beganne to be ill and came to Iaen where hee remained some daies little regarding his Physitions in the meane time D. Pedro tooke Alcaudete Mahumet Aben-Azar the fourth King of Granado IN the realme of Granado Moores the yonger brother hauing dispossest the elder had much ado to be receiued and obeyed by the Moores Granadins who resisted him especially Farrachen his brother in law captaine of Malaga so as Alcaudete could not be releeued The new King Mahumet Aben-Azar Aben-Lemin being in some sort setled and assured of his Kingdome caused his brother that was prisoner to be cruelly slaine and sent to the King D. Fernand being at Iaen to renue the league which the Kings his predecâ—ssors had with Castille the which was done the Infant Don Pedro beeing present where amongst other resolutions it was concluded that all together should make warre against Ferrachen of Malaga but the sodaine death of Don Fernand crossed this deseigue The King being laied to sleepe one afternoone Castille the thirtieth day from the assignation which was giuen him by the two gentlemen which were executed at Martos when as they of his chamber thought that he slept more then was fit they entred into his chamber to see what he did Death of King Fâ—râ—and the fourâ—o where they found him starke dead the which was attributed to the iudgement of God This vnexpected death which happened in the yeere of our Lord 1312. did much trouble the Realme he was about fiue and twenty yeeres old he had raigned aboue seuenteene and was buried in the great church at Cordoua Soone after Philip the Faire the French King died Nauarre leauing the Crowne and Scepter to Lewis Hutin King of Nauarre his sonne Some hold that this King Philip had the like adiournement to the Iudgement of God in the towne of Bourdeaux where there was a knight of the Templers executed in his presence beeing borne at Naples who seeing the Pope and the King at a window to behold this execution cried out with a loud voice seeing there is no worldly power to the which I may appeale from the sentence giuen against the Templers by the Pope at the Kings instance I doe adiorne them both to appeere before God within one yeere An. 1313. so as that yeere being 1313. they both died Lewis Hutin had then raigned eight yeeres in Nauarre when he came to the crowne of France King Philip the faire his father is noted to bee very vnfortunat in many things both in religion in the gouernment of his realme and in his owne house Hee was neuer in peace with the Church of Rome in the which although he were the eldest sonne he caused many scandales hauing had deadly hatred with the Popes especially with Pope Boniface the eight Vnfortunat obseruations in Philp the Faire and his posterity whom hee forced to die miserably hee transported the Sea of Rome into France Clement the fifth being made Pope whom he vsed as a fit instrument in many bad practises as hatred and couetousnesse did mooue him hee did ruine with a strang cruelty and without discretion the Order of the Templers which sect admit it were corrupted yet many deserued better vsage he falsefied the money in France exacted tithes of the Clergy imposed the tribut called Maletosts and the fifth penny vpon all Marchandise he was prodigall without iudgement hee intreated the Flemings vniustly and their Princes cruelly by captiuities and vnworthy vexations not sparing the innocent virgin Philip daughter to Cont Guy who had beene giuen him in hostage whom they say he caused to be smothered others affirme he caused her to be poisoned some say shee was drowned with many gentlewomen and maidens of honour which did attend her others and it may be the most certaine write that she died for griefe All this
same rights with them of the Prouince of Alaua wherein should bee obserued the sentence giuen betwixt the towne of Victoria and the villages thereunto belonging 10 Whosoeuer should kill a Gentleman should pay 500. solz for a fyne and whosoeuer should hurt or dishonor a gentleman should pay the like summe vnto the party 11 That there should be no forges of Iron set vp in the territorie of Alaua to the end the mountaines should not be consumed 12 That no man might build a house without the barre 13 That all sales donations answers assignations and pleas shold be iudged where they had beene begun 14 That a Subsidie being demanded of him who should tearme himselfe a Gentleman enioying the rights of Castile he should be exempt 15 That the king should make no new building or towne in Alaua 16 That the villages of Mendoça and Mendeuil should be free from all tributes and Impositions and enioy the ancient rights yet their Seigneurie should belong vnto the Crowne 17 That the Bourg of Gueâ—ara should be free from all tribute as it had bene before ordayned by the assembly of Alaua and likewise of the Oxe of March the Soueraigntie notwithstanding belonging to the king These were the exemptions and chiefe priuiledges granted to the Gentlemen of Alaua in the yeare 1331. An. 1331. In former times all sutes were decided and iudged without any Lawes or Statutes but onely by naturall reason and by Arbitrators but then they were reduced into a frame according vnto certaine Lawes and they had a certaine seate of Iustice appointed During the kings aboad at Victoria he did institute as some affirme the Order of the Knights of the Band Order of the Knights of the band to maintaine souldiers in Spaine the which went to decay yet some hold it was some yeares before But this yeare returning to Burgos hee set downe the Orders whereof the chiefe Articles are these They carried a red band foure fingers broade in manner of a scarfe which came from the left shoulder vnder the right arme the which the king gaue onely to Gentlemen which had followed the Court tenne yeares or beene in the warre against the Mores and by their Orders it was not to be giuen but to younger brothers who had no great shares in their fathers inheritances These Knights beeing receiued tooke an oath to obserue the rules of the Order which follow 1 That the knight of the band should be bound to speake vnto the king for the common good and defence of them of his countrie Articles of the Order beeing required by them 2 That he should speake the truth vnto the King and should be bound to reueale vnto the King what he should knowe or heare spoken against him 3 The Knight conuicted of a lie should not carrie a sword for one whole moneth 4 He should conuerse with souldiers and other men of qualitie and not with men of base conditions 5 They should keepe their promise to all men of what estate and condition soeuer 6 They should be prouided of armes and horses vppon paine to loose the title of Knight-hood 7 The Knight should not be seene mounted vpon a Moile nor without band nor sword 8 He should be no Iester but his discourse should be graue the honest 9 He should not complaine of his wounds nor vaunt of his valour 10 He should not play at cardes nor dice nor ingage his armes nor apparell 11 He should honour and serue Ladies and Gentlewomen 12 If two Knights of the band had a quarrell the rest should bee bound to seeke all meanes to reconcile them 13 The Knight which did vsurpe the band and had not receiued it from the kings hands should be bound to defend it against two knights of the Order of the band and if he did vanquish them he might then carry it without contradiction but if he were vanquished he should be banished from the Court. 14 Any knight winning the prize at the Iusts of armes of the knights of the band should be receiued into their Order 15 That the knight of the band which should draw his sword against another knight of the same Order should forbeare the Court for two moneths and for two moneths after should weare but halfe a band and if he should wound his companion hee should be sixe moneths in prison and banished the Court for sixe moneths more 16 The king should bee sole Iudge of all matters concerning the knights of the Band. 17 All the knights of the Band should bee bound to accompany the king vnto the warre 18 They might not go to the war with the Band but against Infidels and in all other they should lay aside the Band. 19 The knights of the Band should assemble thrice a yeare to treate of the affaires of their Order where the king should appoint it beeing mounted and armed and the sayd assemblies should be in April September and at Christmas 20 They should exercise themselues in Iousts Ioco de-canna tossing the pike and managing of horses at a certaine time appointed 21 No knight should liue in Court without seruing a Ladie or Gentlewoman to haue her in marriage or otherwise with honour 22 The knights of the Band should be bound to be at all tourneys within ten leagues of the Court. 23 If any of them did marrie within twenty leagues of the Court the other knights should be bound to beare him companie and to honour him and his spouse making some exercises of armes and giuing him presents 24 The first Sunday of euery moneth they should come into the great hall of the Pallace and there exercise all sorts of armes before the king without offending one another either maliciously or in choller 25 A knight beeing ready to dye he should be visited comforted and exhorted by his companions and after his death they should be bound to assist at his funerals and should mourne a moneth all Iousts and exercises of armes ceasing 26 His Band that was dead should be restored to the king by the other knights who should be sutors to haue some one of his children receiued into the Order or to obtaine some present for the widow to honour her and entertaine her estate of Nobility or to marry some of her daughters The first knights of this Order yet not all at once were chosen without respect to the elder to honour him and not to draw it into consequence The king Alphonso The Infant D. Pedro. D. Henry D. Fernand. D. Tello D. Iohn Nugnes D. Henriques D. Alphonso Fernand Cornel. D. Lope Diaz d' Almaçan D. Fernand Perez Portocarrero D. Charles of Gueuara D. Fernand Henriques D. Aluar Garcia of Albornez D. Pero Fernandes D. Garcy leoffrey Tenorio D. Iuan Esteuanes D. Diego Garcia of Toledo D. Martin Alphonso of Cardona D. Gonçal Ruis de la Vega. D. Iohn Alphonso of Benauides D. Garcilaço de la Vega. D. Fernand Garcia Duque D. Garcia Fernandes Tello D. Pero Gonçal of Aguero D.
haue extinguished the name of Moores in Spaine if they had poursued the disordered enemies who fled one ouer another and not busied themselues at the spoyle especially the footmen The camp remayning free to the Christians as they gathered the spoyles together there were found among the dead one of the king of Marocs wiues called Fatima daughter to the king of Tunes of the race of the Almohades and three other Ladies Among the prisoners Abohamar sonne to king Alboacen and his nephewes Aboham and Alboali it may be children to Alboali who had beene king of Sojumenca two of the kings daughters and other Moores of noate The Kings of Maroc and Granado escaped by flight and retired to diuers places Alboacen apprehending that by this defeate his reputation and honour would bee much blemished and thereby the fidelitie of his subiects shaken fearing least a sonne of his called Abderramen whom he had left at Maroc should seaze vppon the kingdome he past the same night to Ceuta This battell wonne by the Christians the eight and twentith of October in the yeare 1340. is rightly paralelled to that of Muradal or Tholousa by the which the Moores lost the command of Spaine some 128. yeares before for thereby the great desseins of the King of Maroc were disappointed hauing promised vnto himselfe the conquest of all Spaine so as after that time the warre grew more easie and light This victorie was honoured and renowned by many religious and ciuill acts among the Spaniards for besides that during the conflict Superstitious acknowledgements of so great a victory the name of Saint Iames who was held Patron and Protector of Spaine did sownd as they say in the ayre and that Don Alphonso Gonçales Pereyra Prior of S. Iohn or of Crato in Portugal had carried with him a peece or fragment of the true Crosse and many other such perswasions and inducements put in practise according to the doctrine of those times in the campe and in all other places whether that newes came thankes were giuen vnto God for so great a grace and great demonstrations of ioy made throughout all the townes D. Alphonso King of Castile the day after the battell entred into Tariffe and caused the breaches to bee repayred commending and rewarding the Captaines and souldiers which had carried themselues valiantly in the seege Hauing afterwards viewed the enemies spoiles the king of Castile did distribute it according to euery mans merits The king of Portugall would not haue any thing but certaine furnitures and caparasons for horses and swords richly wrought after the Moresco fashion but the King of Castile his sonne-in-law gaue him a prisoner a Moore of the bloud royall one of the sonnes of Alboali who had beene king of Sojumenca Thus the two kings father-in-law and sonne-in-law parted very well satisfied one of another To acknowledge the grace which God had done vnto the Christians by so great a victorie the king of Castile took this course he sent Iohn Martines de Layua to Pope Benedict then residing at Auignon with his royall Standard which had beene carried in the battell accompanied with foure and twenty of the chiefe Ensignes which he had taken from the Moores the which were borne by so many Moores Moreouer he sent him an hundred horse richly appointed euery one hauing a sword and a target hanging at his saddle pommell and were led by so many Moores With these horses he sent his owne on the which hee was mounted the day of the battell couered with the royall armes of Castile and Leon and moreouer many rich Iewels and other singularities which things were presented vnto the Pope with great ceremony and pompe and receiued with no lesse honour and solemnity by the Pope and Cardinals And the more to honour this act the Pope the same day did sing a pontificall Masse and did preach much commending the king of Castile and to reward him he powred foorth his spirituall treasures granting him store of Indulgences with the which Iohn Martines de Leyua returned beeing well recompenced Some Authors write that the victuallers carters pioners merchants Lackies and others of base quality in the Christians campe falling vppon the baggage whilest the souldiers were in fight had taken great spoiles of gold siluer and other riches and that the king being aduertised thereof was perswaded not to suffer men which had not beene in the battell nor aduentured their liues to enioy the booties which were due vnto souldiers wherefore meaning to follow this aduice he forced many to bring backe that which they had taken but the greater number escaped who fearing to be dispossest of that which they had gotten beeing all their fortunes left Castile and went into Nauarre Arragon France and other countries with such store of doubl duckets as the price of gold was fallen a sixt part and all merchandize much risen 20 In this warre were furnished twenty gallies of Cattelogne Arragon by Don Pedro king of Arragon and eight by him of Majorca The King Don Pedro was not there in person neither did he send any forces by land by reason of his owne affaires and domesticke desseignes which he did plot to the prejudice of his subject A violent Prince proud disdainfull and full of reuenge Don Iames King of Majorca his cousin and brother-in-law Qualities of the King D. Pedro. was forced in the city of Barcelona the yeare before the defeate of the Moores at Salado to do him homage for the Ilands and other Segneuries which he held vppon the Mayne as to his Soueraigne causing him to kneele before him whereuppon this Prince retired him selfe in a great rage to Perpignan from whence soone after he was forced to returne to Court and to accompany the king Don Pedro vnto Auignon whither he went to visit the Pope where it happened that these Kings walking through the towne together a seruant of the King of Majorcas doing some seruice vnto his master indiscreetly hee did so mooue the King Don Pedro as he was ready to draw his sword and to strike the king of Majorca himselfe which was the beginning of their quarrels the which continued long and violent The arriuall and entire of the king Don Pedro into Auignon was vey honorable for at the passage of the riuer of Durance he was met and receiued by two and twenty Cardinals and entred with the king of Majorca into the towne betwixt Cardinall Neapoleon of Vrsins and he of Cominges but the next day after he had shewed his spleene against his brother in law it may be moued with some sower answer which the Pope had giuen him he retired to Villa-noua discoutented The chiefe man which then serued him in his most important affaires was Nicholas of Ionuille a French man who was Earle of Terra-noua in the Kingdome of Naples and had maried Marguerite daughter to the Admirall Roger of Loria This man was aduanced in the place of D. Pedro Earle of Ribagorça the Kings
that she was the capitall city the ancient seat of the Princes of Castile which was the title their Kings carried that from Castile Leon did grow the conquests of the rest of the Realmes of Spaine and that shee was called the royal city but their chiefe ground was that time out of minde shee had had the first place and voice in such assemblies Vpon these differences the Noblemen fell into factions as their passions did transport them or as they had their Siegneuries and houses lying in the territory and iurisdiction of the one or the other citie King D. Alphonso vsing therein wise aduise hauing taken the knowledge of this cause vnto himselfe he pronounced thus I speake sayd he for them of Toledo and say the city of Toledo will doe as it shall please the King Let Burgos speake now This manner of decreeing contented both parties for it seemed to them of Toledo that the King hauing made himselfe as it were their Attorney had spoken first in the behalfe of their city And they of Burgos holding that the Kings words did nothing preiudice their pretensions seeing they spake before the other Deputies they surceased for the voice Concerning their ranke and precedence the King desyring to preserue the seate to Burgos and Toledo refusing to sit vnder he the King ordained that from thenceforth the Deputie of Toledo should not sit vpon the same banke with the other Deputies but opposite vnto them Order betwixt Toledo and Burgos for predence yet not in the same ranke which order is obserued at this day in the generall assemblies of the Estates of Castile The first voice kept for the city of Burgos was the cause the King obtained the subsidie of Alcauala which hee required of all his subiects for Burgos paied it already and therefore did not contradict it whereas if Toledo which had not borne this imposition had spoken first Alcauala an Imposition shee had opposed herselfe as she did and incourraged other townes to doe the like by her example All in the end yeelded vnto it hauing heard the reasons which mooued the King to demaund it and the neede hee had for the good of the Realme and the maintenance of the warre against the Moores The assembly at Alcala of Henares beeing dissolued and the King hauing gathered together great store of treasor by the speedie obedience of his subiects hee beganne to discharge some of his debts and to retire many precious iewels which had beene pawned hee ordred iustice and in the end applied his minde wholy to this seege which hee ment to lay to Gibraltar and to prouide for al things necessary both by sea and land seeing that the time and the opportunity of the Moores seditions of Affrike did inuite him The towne of Gibraltar had beene greatly fortefied by the Moores since the time they had taken it from the Christians so as the enterprise was no lesse difficulte then that of Algezire But there was this aduantage they did not so much feare any succors from Affrike as if the affaires of the Arabian Moories had beene quiet notwithstanding to prouide for all euents he sent Velasco Martenez Alcaide or Prouost of the court to the King of Arragon in Ambassage and with him Alphonso Gonçales of Gallego to confirme the alliance and friendship betwixt them and to reuine the treaty of marriage betwixt his sonne D. Henry and one of the Infants of Arragon but his chiefe deseigne was to demaund ten gallies to keepe the straight THe King D. Pedro answered the Ambassadors that he would send an Ambassador expresly vnto the King of Castile their maister the which he did King D. Alphonso was already before Gibralter Arragon when as the Ambassador came to him from Arragon There was an end made of the differences of the Queene D. Leonora and the Infants D. Fernand and D. Iohn whom the King Don Pedro should suffer peaceably to enioy that which had beene assigned him by the deceased King as well in dowry as in portion and if it should happen that after that time they should mooue any troubles in Arragon that King D. Alphonso should not giue them nor suffer to bee giuen them any aide or succors Nothing was concluded in regard of the marriage for that the King Don Pedro required that Don Henry should bee inuested in many Townes and Prouinces which was not conuenient for the King of Castile to giue For succors the King D. Pedro sent foure of his gallies to ioyne with them that were in the Straight whereof Raymond of Villanoua was captaine being manned with foure hundred crosbow men The towne of Gibraltar was furiously batred with all sorts of Engins and defended very valiantly Castile the garrison beeing very strong and consisting of the best souldiars that were amongst the Moores who made many sailles vpon the Christians in the which were slaine their best men of either side and moreouer King D. Alphonso's came was much annoyed by the courses of the Neighbour garrisons and by the King of Granados horse men who had the gard of those places which the Moores held in Spaine This seege hauing continued some monthes the plague fell into the Christians campe yet the King beeing obstinate in his resolution would not dislodge for hee knew that the Moores being destitute of succors could not long resist but must bee either forced or yeeld Beeing in this resolution it pleased God that hee himselfe was strooken with the plague whereof hee died in the campe in the yeere of our Lord 1350. the nine and thirtith yeere of his age and the eight and thirtith of his raigne Some haue written that hee died not of the plague Death of king D. Alphonso but of poyson the which was giuen him by the Moores practises This accident was the cause of remoouing the seege of Gibraltar A little before D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre widow to King Philip of Eureux died at Conflans in France Nauarre who had gouerned her Realme whereof shee was proprietary after the decease of her husband Death of Iean Queene of Nauarre with good discretion and yet shee had some subiects not very tractable who sought nothing but quarrels There were still riots committed by them vpon the frontiers of Nauarre namely by the Inhabitants of Sanguesse and the Arragonois notwithstanding all which yet could shee wisely entertaine the alliance and peace with D. Pedro King of Arragon her sonne in law yea after the death of Queene Donna Maria her daughter so as during her life the King D. Pedro endured all the Insolencies of the Nauarrois who some times made roades farre into his countrie not seeming to take knowledge thereof for the honour and respect hee bare vnto his mother in law neither did hee make any complaints nor was mooued as hee ought to haue beene for that the Estates of Arragon and others beeing rebelled against him for the causes aboue mentioned many made their
much ballance their affaires by the succours he gaue by sea vnto the French hauing sent a good number of ships of warre vnder the command of Ambrose Becanegra a Genouois his Admirall who stopped the passage in such sort betwixt France and England as besides many small prizes which he had taken he defeated a fleet of English about that time and tooke sixe and thirty of their vessels neere vnto Rochel by which victorie Rochel came vnder the obedience of the French king Rochel yeelded to the French and the greatest part of the prey and prisoners were carried into Spaine among the which was the Earle of Pembrooke Generall of the army Besides which succours the king Don Henry being come from Burgos to Saint Ander he sent Don Ruy Diaz of Rojas into the Prouince of Guipuscoa to make ready a new army of 40. ships the which he sent soone after vnder the command of the same Ruy Diaz to the French K. who came to Rochel and hauing ioyned with a French Captaine called Iohn Calais who had about twenty Barkes all together came and set vpon another fleet of English whom they likewise put to rout and then Don Ruy Diaz returned a victor into Spaine so as the English had reason to seeke to diuide the king of Castile from him of France and to draw him vnto their partie Pope Gregorie the eleuenth presumed to interpose his authoritie in these Princes quarrels the which did not please them Hauing made an accord betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre he would also reconcile the controuersies that were betwixt Castile and Arragon and to this end hee sent the Cardinall of Cominges into Spaine who prest the two Kings to send their Deputies to debate their cause before him Don Henry named for his part the bishop of Burgos and Don Aluar Garcia of Albornoz Lord Steward of his house the king of Arragon deputed the bishop of Lerida and Don Râ—â—mond Alamâ—n Ceruillon who agreed that thâ— Colledge of Cardinals should determine this controuersie But these Princes beeing better aduised that it was not fit their quarels should be decided by the Court of Rome they tooke a better course to agree betwixt themselues The towne of Tuy which had for many mâ—â—eths refused to obey D. Henry now submitted about this peace of Arragon But the warre was renewed betwixt Castile and Portugal by reason of many prizes taken in the port of Lisbone Portugal and at sea of ships and merchants of Biscay Guipuscoa and Asturia and also for that the King Don Fernand gaue a retreat vnto the banished men of Castile concerning matters of State and also that hee had contemned the marriage concluded betwixt him and Donna Leonora of Castile to marrie Donna Leonora Telles of Meneses Neece to the Earle of Barcelos a Lady of great beautie but much inferiour in qualitie to the Infanta Donna Leonora of Castile and Donna Leonora of Arragon whom he might haue had with great profit to his Realme and to himselfe honour Hee contemned these marriages Marriage vnlawful of the king of Poâ—tugal taking away his subiects wise which had beene very beneficiall to himselfe and to his Realme of Portugall to marrie this Ladie offending God and all good lawes for he tooke her violently from her husband Laurence Vasques of Acugna forcing him to flie into Castile where he past the remainder of his dayes in exile carrying commonly hornes of siluer on his hat to witnesse the lust and infamy of his Prince yet some to excuse this fact write that the king caused this marriage to be dissolued by the Popes authoritie as vnlawfull by reason of the neerenesse of consanguinitie of the which notwithstanding there was issued one sonne called Aluaro of Acugna The king was made sure vnto her in the presence of the Earle of Barcelos and a â—â—ster of hers called Don Mary who had mannaged this marriage and to whom the king had imparted his loues When this marriage was published in Lisbone the inhabitants incensed that the king had left so profitable and honorable a marriage Tumult at Lisbon for the kings mariage as that of Castile began to mutine and hauing taken Fernand Vasques of Acugna for their Captaine they sent 300. armed men about the kings pallace and gaue the king to vnderstand in the behalfe of the citty that hee should leaue this woman else they would take her and do vnto her as their Predecessors had done to the king D. Sancho Capello in the like case The king fearing the furie of this multitude answered them mildly that in what they did they were good subiects being iealous of his honour and thanked them for their good will but he let them vnderstand that D. Leonora Telles was not his married wife and intreated them to retire vntill the next day when he would talke to them more amply of that businesse in the Monasterie of S. Dominicke This blast being blowne ouer the king parted by night out of Lisbone and carried D. Leonora Telles with him into the countrie betwixt Duero and Minio and retiring towards Porto he lodged neere vnto it in the Monasterie of Leza where he married this Lady publikely not caring how his subiects tooke it He commanded that all men should acknowledge her and call her Queene and gaue her the townes of Almadra Sintra Torresuedras Atognia Ouiedos Alanguer Abrantes Villa viciosa and many other places All in the end yeelded to it without murmuring seing it was the kings pleasure and D. Leonora had the title of Queene giuen her by all men but by D. Denis the kings brother who would neuer kisse her hand saying That it was her duty to kisse his whereat the King D. Fernand was so incensed as if Don Denis had not retired presently by the meanes of those that were then present he had stab'd him with his dagger for this cause the Infant retired himselfe for euer after into Castile When as D. Leonora Telles saw her selfe installed Queene shee made a diligent search who had bin the chiefe motiues of the mutiny at Lisbon and vnderstanding that they were of the family of Vasques of Acugna she ceased not to pursue them with a deadly hatred vntill she had forced many of them to flie into Castile Of this marriage betwixt the king D. Fernand and D. Leonora Telles issued D. Beatrix Genealogie of Portugal who was married to D. Iohn the first King of Castile borne at Coimbra and afterwards a son and a daughter who died yong some Authors hold that they were borne in adulterie committed by the Queene with D. Iohn Fernandes of Andeiro a knight of Gallicia borne at Corunua Moreouer the king before this marriage had a daughter called D. Izabel The king D. Henry hauing these causes of discontent against the king of Portugall he gaue him to vnderstand by his ambassadors that he could not take it in good part that he had retired his rebellious subiects of which he demanded
also came Don Charles Infant of Nauarre so as there were two marriages celebrated in that cittie betwixt Don Iohn of Castile and D. Leonora of Arragon and betwixt Don Charles of Nauarre and D. Leonora of Castile but there was a moneths respite betwixt the one and the other Spaine being at peace within it selfe by these accords and allyances made betwixt Castile Arragon Nauarre Portugal and Granado it were fit to treat of the employments of the Princes and people of those countries touching arts sciences lawes and ciuill gouernement but the records of such things are very defectiue Wee reade briefly that the king Don Henry appointed companies which they call Hermandades which are assemblies of Commonalties in the Prouince of Guipuscoa where they treat of affaires and negotiations concerning their Princes seruice and the preseruation of the countrie As for the King of Nauarre Nauarre who was turbulent and an enemie to rest hee forged and inuented a new quarrell against the King Don Henry vppon the payment of an hundred and fiftie thousand Doublons which hee had promised for the marriage of his daughter Donna Leonora for the King of Nauarre refused an hundred and fiftie thousand Reals of siluer which was part of this payment saying that the king of Castile was bound to pay him the summe in gold These Reals remayned long in the towne of Logrogno and in the end were lost for the king of Nauarre by reason of the quarrels and tumults which ensued The Infant Don Pedro the second sonne of Nauar who had beene in hostage was deliuered At that time the king of Nauarre was aduertised that Don Rodrigo of Vrris a knight which had done him great seruice in all his affaires both in France and Spaine had secret intelligence with Don Henry king of Castile who had a desire to seaze on Tudele vppon Ebro and vppon Caparoçe notwithstanding the accords and allyances contracted with him Of which places Don Rodrigo was Gouernor Treason of D. Rodrigo of Vrris discouered and punished by the king of Nauarre who beeing sollicited to this end had a promise from the king Don Henry of a great recompence in Castile and to giue him his owne Neece to wife beeing daughter to one of his breethren with other great aduancements an vsuall thing in Princes when they seeke to draw any one vnto their seruice King Charles informed hereof was much grieued for hee loued Don Rodrigo who to diuert him from this trecherous practise ill befitting a knight of honour he let him vnderstand that he had intelligence of the marriage which hee treated in Castile aduising him not to giue eare to it in any sort without the consent of his Councel this message was deliuered vnto him by Martin of Vrris his brother and Iohn Renaud Captaine of Tudele and by Don Sancho of Vrris one of the kings Councell Don Rodrigo thinking that the king was ignorant of his other practises but had only some intelligence of his marriage neglected what they had sayd vnto him and went on his way as it were to be married beeing come to Pampelona hee was stayed by the kings commandement where beeing examined vppon the treason and not able to disprooue what was auerred against him hee was condemned to loose his head the which was executed yet secretly to preserue the honour and estimation of his family and kinsfolkes to whome the bodie was deliuered and interred by them in the Monasterie of Saint Augustine at Pampelona Many other knights of Nauarre were so terrified with this death to whom the carriage and behauiour of king Charles was neither pleasing nor profitable as they left their Countrie and retired themselues some into Castile some into other places where they were well receiued and entertayned Such were the effects of the peace and concord betwixt the Princes of Spaine then raigning This happened in the yeare 1376. when as D. Bernard Foucault Bishop of Pampelona dying in Italy there succeeded him D. Martin of Salua a great Doctor in the ciuill and canon Lawes equalled in that knowledge yea preferred by the Spaniards to Baldus who liued in his time This bishop was a defender of the ecclesiasticall rights did much good to his church retiring the lands belonging therto out of the hands of many lay-men which had vsurped them namely those of Villa Toro Villa Major and Montreal with other tythes This yeare the townes of Pampelona Puente la Reyna Gatde S. Vincent Arcos and Saint Iohn of Pie de port allowed of the marriage betwixt the Infant Don Charles and D. Leonora of Castile with the oaths and ceremonies vsed in those times acknowledging for their Prince and heire to the Crown the first borne son of that marriage the which king Charles did procure that he might the better confirme the future succession The affaires passing after this manner in Spaine the king of Arragon who thought himselfe freed from all troubles by the peace made with Castile Arragon and the decease of the Infant D. Iames of Majorca found himselfe intangled in new crosses and of greater consequence then any of the precedent for D. Ieanne Marquesse of Montferrat sister and heire to the Infant of Majorca beeing past into France after the decease of her brother had made cession vnto Lewis Duke of Anjou the French kings brother of all the rights which she pretended to the Realme of Majorca Cession of the rights of Rossiâ—â—on Cerdagne c. to the house of Aniou Countie of Rossillon and Cerdagne Colibre and Valisper which Segneuries the duke pretended to recouer by armes seeing that the king Don Pedro would not come to any friendly composition so as he stayed onely for the conclusion of a peace which was treated with the English before he entred in hostile manner into Cattelogne with the forces which hee had vnder his charge and iurisdiction which were foure thousand Lances wherewith the King of Arragon beeing much troubled he called a generall Assembly of the Estates of Arragon Valence Cattelogne Majorca and his other Dominions and territories at Monçon to preuent this warre which did threaten him The Estates made answer vnto the King Iewes and Moores of Spaine bare the extraordinary charges of the warre who demanded money that the subiect could not contribute any more beeing ruined by the great charges which they had borne some yeares before and that the ancient custome was that the Iewes and Moores which were subiects to the Kings of Arragon should beare the extraordinarie charges of the warre if need required wherefore he should addresse himselfe vnto those men At the assembly the Vicount of Cardona tooke the title of Earle by a decree of the Estates The affaires of Sardinia did augment the king of Arragons cares for all went from bad to worse so as the Gouernor of Cailleri was driuen to that despaire as hee was readie to set fire of the towne and to flie away by sea being vnable to resist Hugh
Martin Fernandes of Cordoua accompanied with many great Doctors in Diuinity This yeere died in Castile Vincent Arias a great Doctor and the first that did comment vpon the lawes of Castile The King D. Fernand hauing held the Estates of Cattelogne at Momblanc he past to Valencia where he found Benedict held for Pope onely in Castile Arragon and Nauarre In that court there were also many prelats Marriage betwixt D. Alphonso of Arragon and D. Maria of Castile noblemen and knights as well of the realme as strangers by reason of the marriage which was celebrated there betwixt the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon the Kings eldest sonne and Mary of Castile sister to the King Don Iohn by reason whereof there were great sports so as some Bishops according to the manner of that age carried the praise namely Don Sancho of Roias Bishop of Palence to whom at the intreaty of the Queene of Castile Benedict the pretended Pope did conferre the Archbishoprike of Toledo beeing voide by the decease of Don Pedro de Luna And for that in the contract of future marriage there had beene graunted in dowry to the Infanta the Marquisate of Villena when as there was no likely-hood that the Infant should come to the crowne of Arragon it was againe concluded for that it seemed by this meanes the Marquisate should bee alienated from the crowne of Castile that in lieu thereof there should bee giuen two hundred thousand doublons of Castile During the Kings aboad at Valencia hee fell sicke which staied him from going to Nice wherefore the Emperour Sygismond resolued to come into Spaine whereof the King D. Fernand being aduertised he caused himselfe to bee carried to Perpignan to meet with this great Prince who toiled himselfe for the revnion of the church an example of modesty in his traine which was small in habits which were simple and in his seruice for he was not serued but in peuter Their enterview was in September in the yeere of our Lord 1415. Entervew of the Emperors Sigismond and D. Fernand King of Arragon after the foureteenth Session of the councell of Constance where Iohn the three and twentith and Gregory the twelfth were deposed who yeelded though against their wills onely Benedict held his Popedome by force and would not allow of this councel with whom neither the intreaties nor threats of Princes nor the acts and protestations of Ambassadors from the councell could preuaile after whose departure the King Don Fernand laboured what he could to induce this froward spirit to yeeld to the consent of all Christendome but there was no meanes yea Benedict retired in great indignation to Pigniscola a sort vpon the sea in the Realme of Valencia wherefore the King by the aduice of Friar Vincent Ferrier and other great Doctors gaue him to vnderstand that hee retired himselfe from his obedience This did not amaze Benedict but flying to his spirituall armes hee pronounced King Fernand to bee fallne from all regall authority in Arragone writing to all the townes and people that were subiect vnto him that they should not yeeld him obedience The King little regarding it not onely persisted in his resolution but also went into Castile to perswade the councell of King Iohn his Nephew to submit him and his Realmes to the authority of the councell but being not fully recouered he was forced to stay at Igualada where hauing newes of the death of his sonne Don Sancho maister of Alcantara Death of D. Fernand King of Arragon his sicknesse increased An. 1416. so as hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1416. hauing reigned onely three yeeres and tenne monthes beeing about sixe and thirty yeere of age and was buried in the Monastery of Poblete Hee did institute by his will Don Alphonso his eldest sonne to bee heire of his Estates and for want of children did substitute his brethren and if they died without children hee did substitute vnto them the sonnes or nephewes of his daughters excluding them The authors of the History of Sicile write that this Prince beeing come to the crowne of Arragon would not sodainely intitle himselfe King of Sicile for that the Island was full of tumults and seditions which grew presently after the death of King Martin whereof the chiefe motiue was Bernard of Cabrera Earle of Modica and chiefe Iustice which is the principall dignity in that Realme who with other Noblemen his confederats pretended that the vnion of Sicile with the crowne of Arragon plotted by the two King Martins father and sonne had beene concluded against all right and custome and therefore they maintained that it was lawfull for the Sicilians to choose a King at their pleasures Bernard of Cabrera had a conceite that this honour was due to him and therefore hee sought to seize vpon the person of the widow Queene Donna Blanche the Regent to the end that hee might marry her were shee willing or not thinking by this meanes to make his way more easie to the crowne but shee being aduertised of his intent retired from Cattanea and fortefied her selfe in Syracusa where soone after shee was beseeged by Bernard of Cabrera and his partisans and without their speedy and faithfull succours which dissallowed of his enterprises shee had beene taken Cabrera was repulst from this seege and the Queene carried to Palermo whereas hee pursued her againe hauing gathered all his forces againe together and had almost surprized her Hee still laied ambushes for her vntill at length hee himselfe was betraied by his owne men and drawne into his enemies snares who deliuered him into the hands of the Admirall Sancho Doriz who kept him some daies prisoner in great miserie in the castle of La Motte of Saint Anastase and in the end deliuered him to the Agents of King Fernand by whom hee was sent to Barcelona there to receiue the punishment of his rashnesse at the Kings pleasure but this milde and generous Prince mooued with his age and the seruices which the Princes of Arragon had receiued after that he had reprehended him sharpely he not onely set him at libertie but did assigne him an honorable ranke in his Court The troubles of Sicile being pacified by the taking of this Bernard of Cabrera Don Fernand was acknowledged for king and obeyed who gouerned it by his Lieutenants and Viceroys as other Kings of Arragon haue since done The Maiesty of this Prince was such together with his mildnesse and wisedome as without vsing the rigour of armes or any other violent constraint he caused all rebellion to cease as well in Sicile as Sardinia As for Queene Blanche widow to Martin king of Sicily who was also heire of Nauarre shee was afterwards married to the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon D. Alphonso the fifth of that name the 17. King of Arragon TO Fernand succeeded his sonne D. Alphonso surnamed the Valiant a Prince worthy of that title for his royall vertues and the famous conquests and exploites of
his Sermons that hee had in his keeping more then an hundred fore-skins of Christians children which had beene circumcised crying out that the king ought to punish them very grieuously the King caused him to bee brought into his presence and commaunded that he should deliuer vp those fore skinnes the Friar sayd that hee had them not but that he was so informed by diuers of good name and place the king willed him to tell their names the which he could not or would not doe and so was dismissed without any other punishment then to be held a notorious lyar The Arch-bishop of Toledo Don Alphonso Carillo of Acugna and the Marquis of Villena beeing returned from Nauarre where they had left Queen Ioane at libertie perceyuing that the King did smally fauor them beganne to fore-see some future mischiefe to light vpon their states honor and persons to preuent which they entred into leagues which the king vnderstanding did dissemble committing in the meane time the gouernement of his affaires to Don Bertrand de la Cueua and to the Bishop of Calaorra whose Neece Don Bertrand had married The Court beeing at Seuille was very much troubled with a popular tumult occasioned by two Prelates namely the old Arch-bish of the same cittie Don Alphonso of Fonseca Contentions and seditions caused by two Arch-bishops the vncle and the nephew and his nephew who had made betwixt them a fained exchange of the Arch-bishoprickes of Seuill and S. Iames for the reasons before mentioned the nephew beeing at that time in possession of that of Seuill the which he ought to haue yeelded vp to his vncle who had caused him peaceably to enioy that of S. Iames till then held by D. Lewis Osorio and his faction Now Alphonso of Fonseca hauing brought all matters to the passe which he promised thought to re-enter into his former dignitie of Arch-bishop of Seuill but the nephew who found himself well at ease would by no meanes leaue it albeit that the Pope vpon paine of Excommunication had enioyned him so to do so as thereupon arose a very dangerous sedition each of them hauing his partakers amongst the Nobility Clergie and the common people the vulgar sort in generall held with the Nephew and had seazed vpon the great church and other strong places of the cittie holding it against the Gentlemen and the Clergie who fauoured the old Arch-bishoppe and the rescall multitude had well-neere gained the hauen with the Galleys that lay there intending to fight both by sea and land had not the King speedily preuented it who hauing made inquirie of the matter apprehended sundry of the Rebells who were seuerely punished the Nephew Arch-bishop was committed to prison in his owne house and within sixe dayes after the old Arch-bishop was restored to his former Sea and diuers of the offenders were hanged out at the windowes of their owne houses An outrage of a Moore committed in Seuil vnpunished and some others sent to receiue punishment at Madrid An other outrage was there committed at the same time which did incite and stirre vp diuers against the king for his Court beeing greatly frequented with Noblemen Moores whome he did highly fauour one of them named Mofarras who did lodge in the house of an honourable Citizen called Diego Sanches of Orihuela was so farre transported with a libidinous appetite as his host and hostesse beeing absent hee rauished and carried away with him into Granado a very beautifull daughter of theirs keeping her with him so long as he pleased The sorrowfull father and mother at their returne home finding their house disfurnished of their best ornament accompanied with diuers of the best Cittizens went to make their complaynt to the king who told them that the fault was their owne in leauing their daughter behind them and so put them off with this impertinent answer whereunto the parties grieued did reply crauing iustice but the King beeing displeased with their importunate exclamations commaunded that they should be thrust out of his gates set vppon asses and publikely whipped vppe and downe the Cittie this vniust sentence should haue beene executed had not the Earle D. Gonçal of Guzman gone to the King and asked him what reason the Officer should giue to the multitude for the whipping of those innocent people then the King finding his owne errour was ashamed thereof and went into his chamber making him no answer at all the Moores fault remayning vnpunished to the great scandall not onely of that Cittie but of the whole kingdome Not long after the King made a iourney to Gibraltar newly conquered and sacked where he gaue another proofe and testimonie of a mind little â—auouring of equitie for he tooke away the gouernement thereof from Pedro de Porras whome hee had placed there at the request of the Duke of Medina Sidonia who had taken the same cittie and did giue and appropriate it to Don Bertrand de la Cuena Earle of Ledesma who placed there for Gouernour Stephano de Villacreces who had married an Aunt of his the which the Duke tooke very impatiently and so it continued all the time of the troubles of the kingdome vntill he had brought it againe vnder his owne power and iurisdiction and ioyned it to the other possessions belonging to the house of Medina Sidonia who hath alwaies enioyed it till the entire conquest of the kingdome of Granado at which time it was for euer annexed to the Crowne The same time the King Don Alphonso of Portugall making warre vppon the Moores of Affricke came from Ceuta to Gibraltar at the intreatie and perswasion of King Henry where these two Princes remayned and continued together the space of eight dayes eating at one table and shewing great tokens of loue and brotherly friendshippe one to the other This yeare 1463. the Infant Don Henry of the house of Portugall the kings Vncle Master of the Order commonly called of Christ Portugal of the age of three-score and seuen yeares dyed in the cittie of Sagres in Algarbe who was buried in the Church of Lagos and afterwards translated and carried away from thence to the Abbey of Battayle built by his father king Iohn the first and they report in Portugall that this Prince dyed a virgine he out-liued all his breethren that were legitimate to wit Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames Don Fernand Master of Auiz and Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra their elder bastard-brother Don Alphonso Duke of Bragança dyed also not long before House of Bragansa leauing behind him for his successours in the Dutchie his sonnes Don Fernand Earle of Arrojolos and the Marquis of Villa-viciosa who was by lawfull succession and by the right of inheritance the second Duke of Bragança begotten on Donna Beatrix daughter to Don Nugno Aluares Pereyra Earle of Barcellos and first Constable of Portugall Now the losse of these great personages was very grieuous to the King Don Alphonso who at that time by reason of his warres
but sent a learned Lawyer to King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell to shew his reasons for the contrary who came to Valiodolit with the Ambassadors his comming beeing to no purpose The citty of Perpignan beeing succoured as heretofore hath beene said by Prince Ferdinand Arragon was after his returne into Castile againe besieged by the French King Lewis willing and commanding his Captaines who had shamefully raised their siege and were retired into the countrie and territory of Narbona on paine of being punished as traitors to their king and country to returne and assaile the towne and not to stirre from thence till they had taken it although it should cost all their liues whervpon they came backe and by the helpe of the Castle did for eight moneths space so presse the beseeged as they brought them to the extreamest poynt of necessitie for besides the continuall toyle watchings fights and daily reparations of the breaches whereunto they were constrained the want of victuals was so great in the towne as they were not onely enforced to eate dogges Famine in Perpignan cattes and all other sorts of vncleane meates but also the very bodies of men friends or enemies which were slayne in the assault yea mothers did deuoure their owne children such was the obstinacie of those people who would not yeeld to an enemie whome they had despised and offended and from whome they did expect no mercie but in the end extreame necessitie and inexorable famine brought them to that poynt which they sought most to auoyde Perpignan yeelded to the French and they found more mercie then they hoped for for they were taken by composition their offences pardoned and the Garrison permitted to depart with their armour and weapons so as King Lewis by the taking thereof pretended now more interest to it then before This was the last quarrel which King Iohn of Arragon had with the French or any other for the goute his yeares and other discommodities of old age perswaded him to spend the remainder of his dayes in rest and quiet in the citty of Barcelona leauing the gouernement of the Kingdome of Nauarre to his daughter who was heire thereunto and his other dominions to the rest of his children and Lieutenants This yeare 1457. there grew a contention betwixt King Fernand and Queene Izabella about the gouernement of Castile disputing which of them two had most tight to the succession thereof Castile she as daughter to King Iohn of Castile the second and hee as sonne to King Iohn of Arragon who descended in direct masculine line from King Iohn the first in the third degree Some who tooke the Kings part did say that it was a thing against nature and all good order that the regiment of so great a State should be in a womans power and that so many great Lords and braue Knights should be vnder the commaund of that sexe weake both in body and mind without experience wisedome or knowledge of what was profitable or hurtfull to a kingdome vnlesse it were by heare-say beeing oftenest deceyued by ignorance and which did follow their owne passions and those of them that they fauoured who for the most part were chosen amongst the worst sort of people That all kingdomes Iurisdictions and well-gouerned Common-wealths as well auncient as moderne had wholy reiected a womans empire and if at any time they had submitted themselues thereunto Contentions betwixt king Fernand and Q. Izabella their ruine and desolation had soone after ensued alledging for example the Sallicke law of France which is a good old custome alwaies profitable when it was obserued either in the totall gouernement or parts thereof On the contrarie part others who held with Queene Izabella did say that euery one ought to be maintayned in their right and that there was nothing more consonant to nature then that children should succeed their fathers and neerest kinsfolke that diuers women had beene profitable to Kingdomes and Common-wealths as well in old times as of fresh memorie namely that there were sundrie recent examples thereof in the Monarchie of Castile And as for Queene Izabella her constancie iudgement and wisedome was sufficiently knowne and that all men were assured of her good gouernement and that shee was not the first woman which had inherited that kingdome This last opinion was followed and allowed of whereat king Fernand seemed to be highly displeased but the Queene who did dearely loue him and would not willingly haue him discontented told him that her intent was not in matters concerning the affaires of Castile and Leon to bee more obeyed than himselfe and requested him to consider that whatsoeuer was decreed in that poynt was for the good and benefite of their onely daughter Donna Izabella if so bee that they should happen to haue no issue male who otherwise should bee wholly depriued of that honour and royall dignitie if what hee had poursued and alleadged should take place by these probable reasons the king was satisfied with that which the great Lords had decreed Yet neuerthelesse it was concluded and determined that all letters missiue writings and other expeditions should bee made in both their names and vnder the seale of the two kingdomes of Castile and Arragon and that all coyne shold be likewise stamped with both their armes quartered therein The Marquis of Villena mooued the King and Queene that by their fauour he might be confirmed in the Master-shippe of Saint Iames The Marquis of Villena his demaunds and that a husband might be prouided for Donna Ioane with a dowrie befitting her estate which beeing performed hee promised to become their faithfull and obedient seruant hee was one of the brauest Knights and best men at armes in all Spaine tthe King and Queene sent him word that concerning the Master-shippe hee should haue all their fauours and assistance as well to the Pope as to the Knights of the same Order notwithstanding that Don Alphonso of Cardegna and Don Roderigo Manrique had diuided it betwixt themselues and were in possession thereof and that as for Donna Ioane they would intreate her kindly and honourably and prouide her a husband but in any case it behooued him to deliuer her into their hands The Marquis who had bad counsell and was still accompanied with seditious persons refused to deliuer the Ladie and that which was worse at the perswasion of Doctor Anthonie Nugnes of Cité Rodrigo A seditious Prelate hee beganne to broach new practises with Don Alphonso king of Portugall for to procure him to marrie Donna Ioane promising to make him King of Castile On the other side the Arch-bishop of Toledo a man of a turbulent spirit and a louer of Innouations complayned that the King and Queene did not accomplish that which he had hoped for and deserued nor yet what they had promised him before their comming to the Crowne seeking all meanes and occasions to free himselfe from their seruice But enuie was it that vexed
Queene Isabell her Mother who dyed at the same time at Areualo hauing liued a widdow the space of two and forty yeares troubled with sicknesse both of body and minde whose body beeing then laide in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Areualo was afterward transported to the Carthusians in the Citty of Burgos called Mirefleur where King Iohn her husband was buried Death of Don Iohn de Gamboa The same yeare dyed in Guipuscoa Don Iohn de Gamboa a personage full of yeares and honour who was Maister of the horse to the Kings of Castile and of their Councell Captaine generall of the frontiers of France and Nauarre and gouernor of Fontaraby This Knight left onely two daughters one of which was married in Guipuscoa in the family of Sarauz and the other into Biscay into that of Arteaga The Infanta Don Ioanes voyage into Fâ—anders the Queene gaue the conduct of the Nauie and of the Infanta Donna Ioane her daughter to Don Frederick Henriques high Admirall of Castile her Vnckle beeing accompanied by Donna Maria de Velasco the Admiralls Mother with other Lords Ladyes and Gentlewomen who beeing shipped the Queene went back to Burgos and from thence into Cattalonia to ayde the King her husband In the meane space the great Captaine continued the warre on the one side and King Ferdinand on the other in the kingdome of Naples who were resisted in Calabria by Eberard Stuard Lord of Aubigni assisted by the faction of Aniow and with a few French forces which were left him and in the territorie of Lauoro by the Lord Guilbert of Montpensier Lieutenant generall to the French King in the same kingdome who was besieged in the Citty of Auersa by King Ferdinand and the great Captaine both together and was brought to such extremitie as hee promised if within thirty dayes hee were not succoured to yeeld vp all that the French men held in the kingdome of Naples excepting Gaieta Venosa and Tarentum which were in the hands of strangers vpon condition that they would furnish him with shippes to carry him and his people into France there fell afterwards great sicknesse among the men of warre on either side and Lord Guilbert of Montpensier dyed at Pozzuolo with other French Lords and there dyed likewise on the enemies part diuerse men of note as namely King Ferdinand who had for successour his Vnckle Don Frederick of Arragon brother to Don Alphonso King Frederick stayed not long ere hee besieged Gaietta during which siege the Lord D Aubigni rendred the places which hee held in Calabria by whose example Gaietta Venosa and Tarentum were yeelded and King Frederick by that meanes recouered all the realme of Naples In this warre all the Potentates of Italy shewed themselues enemies to the French All the Potentates of Italy enemies to the French except the Florentines the Florentines excepted who thought by the meanes of the Frenchmen who held Pisa to bring that Cittie into their subiection And the warre beeing ended Pope Alexander did sharply persecute the Vrsins friends and seruants to the house of France and the chiefe of that family Virginio Vrsino an excellent Captaine of all which matters King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell of Castile were aduertized to their great contentment The beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninetie and seauen the Kings beeing in the Citty of Burgos 1467. they receiued aduertisement that the Armie of Castile was returned which had conducted the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to Philip of Austria and brought Margueret sister to the said Philip betrothed to Prince Iohn who were married in the same Citty Fryer Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine dooing the ceremony and they had for their God-father Don Frederick the Admirall and Donna Maria de Velasco his mother for their God-mother The feasts and magnificences weré great and pompous whereat dyed Don Alphonso de Cardegna second sonne to Don 〈◊〉 de Cardegna great Commander of Leon. The wedding being ended the Coâ—rt came to Medina del campo where Christopher Colombus arriued as a prisoner by the slanders and accusations of the Spaniards his enemies who were impatient of discipline the most enuious of whom was Frier Buil who came back the same time into Spaine neuerthelesse the Kings thinking it an vnseemly matter that such a personage should yeeld account of his actions in quality of an offender they did absolue him of the greaâ— rigor which hee had executed by iustice on the Spaniards with commandement thence-forward to vse those more gently who did crosse so many seas to doe them seruice and they willed him to returne to the Iudges they being highly contented with the reports which hee made of the great riches and wealth which those countries yeelded whereof hee brought them proofes of golde Brazil mother of Pearle Amber pretious Feathers Indian tapstrie and other strange things They did againe rigge forth eight ships for him furnished with men and victuals two whereof hee sent away before laden with victualls and weapons to his brother Bartholomew Colombus who had begun to builde the Cittie of Saint Domingo vpon the riuer of Oçama in the Island of Hispagunola hee with the other sixe parted from Saint Lucar de Barameda and beeing arriued at Madera vnderstanding that there were French Pirates at sea that watched for him beeing drawne thither by the renowne of the wealth of the Indies hee sent onely three of his shippes directly to the Island of Hispagnuola and hee with the other three sayled towards the Isles of Cape vert tending to the Equinoctiall and after great trauaile of heates and calmes hee arriued at Paria the firme land of those West Indies then coasting three hundred and thirty leagues vnto Cape de Velas hee discouered and tooke note of all that countrey where are Cabo Anegado the point of Salinas Cubagua otherwise called the Isle of Pearles the point of Araja Cumana Chiriuichi the Gulphe of Cariari Curiana Saint Roman Veneçuela Coquibocoa and other places from whence hee passed to the new Citty of Saint Domingo and there was receiued for Gouernour to the great griefe of diuerse This was the third voyage that Colombus made to the Indies and then they had already begun to trade and negociate with the Indians by force of armes Colombus his third voyage to the Indies for the violent vsage of them had made them become strange and enemies to the Spaniards so as they left off tilling of their grounds and sowing of their Maiz to the end to constraine them by hunger to leaue the contrey and at the same time as these shippes arriued great number of Indians beeing gathered together did besiege the Spaniards of the Forte of Saint Thomas du Ciabo who were put to flight by Alphonso de Hoiedo Hauing then gotten the Cachique Coanabo into the Forte keeping him prisoner for the death of diuerse Christians more then fiue
whether they had called the estates of the realm and there took a new oath causing their eldest sonne D. Charles to be sworn heire to the crown of Castille Leon Granado In these princes were vnited vnto the realms of Castille and Leon and there dependances the great estates of the low countries and Burgundy and afterwards Arragon Sicile Sardynia and Naplâ—s At Vailledolit there were many noblemen honored with the order of the golden fleece The gard of the castle of Segobia was taken from the marquesse of Moya guien to D. Iohn Manuell who was much fauored by the kings who being at Tudele of Duero there appeared a strange comet in the firmament foreshewing as they said afterwards the approching death of king Philip which happened soon after in the city of Burgos to the generall griefe of all his subiects the comet still raigning whereunto he did attribute his death Death of Philip King of Castille saying often in his paines and agonies Hâ— cometâ— hâ— cometa He died in the floure of his age in the constables house this yere 1506 hauing raigned 1 yere and ten monthes his body was laied many yeres after by the commandement of the Emperour Charles his sonne in the royal chappel of Granado hauing remained in diuers places This summer which was very drie there died in Castille D. Guttiere of Toledo bishop of Plaisance to whome succeeded D. Gomes of Toledo sonne to D. Guttiere de Solis earle of Coria 7 At the time of the death of the king D. Philip Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italy king Ferdinand was at sea sayling towards Italie for after the enteruiew of these two princes the order taken for the gouernment of Castille he went to Cattelonia where hauing caused a goodly fleet to bee made readie at Barcelona he imbarked to go and visit the realms of Naples of Sicile hauing conceiued a iealousie that the great captaine did fauor the designes of the king of Castille his son in law for hauing sent often for him to come into Spaine hee had still delaied it with excuses as he thought At his departure out of Castille he was abandoned by all the great men except the duke of Alua who did accompany him to the frontiers of Arragon He who shewed himselfe most faithfull of all the noblemen A faithfull seruant was D. Bernard of Rojas and Sandoual marquesse of Denia who neuer abandoned him neither aliue nor dead for hee retired many of his officers and houshold seruants which had no maintenance It was concluded by the last accord made betwixt him and king Philip that the realme of Naples although it had been conquered by the means and forces of Castile more then by those of Arragon should remain to the crown of Arragon Being therefore ready to set saile towards his realme of Naples Sinceritie of the great Captaine he receiued letters from the great captaine by the which hee did assure him of his sincerity and seruice and did aduertise him of the estate of the country wherewith he was so wel satisfied as he did confirme all his former gifts vnto him added new yea he was much more pleased with him for that contrary to the opinion of many he came and met him at the port of Genoua for both the Pope and all the Potentates of Italy thought that he was gone from Naples with an intent to retyre himselfe into Castile and not to see king Ferdinand as if he feared to looke on him The king being staied there some daies by reason of coÌ„trary winds he had news of his son in laws death for the which he seemed verie sorrowful notwithstanding that he was prest by the widow queen D. Ioane his daughter to returne into Spaine yet he went on his voyage to Naples where he entred in great pompe Entrie of king Ferdinand into Naples vnder a canopie of cloth of gold the city wall being beaten down for the more state hauing all the honors and ceremonies accustomed at the receptions of new kings he staied 7. months there to the great content of the whole realm and of all the Potentates of Italie who possest with an opinion of his justice and equity sent to visit him by ambassadors and made him arbitrator of many coÌ„trouersies that were among them The Neapolitanes offered him great summes of money and other commodities but he would not accept â—ny but 30000 ducats for the charges of his voyage Hee would not at that time breake with the VenetiaÌ„s for the Popes pleasure or of any others and yet they detained certain places from him referring that quarel to a more conuenient time He pacifed and ended many quarrels and pretensions of Barons yea of the Angeuin party who were yet dispossest of their goods which had been confiscated past into priuate mens hands to whome they had been giuen in recompence of their seruices and that which he could not end he left in charge to the Viceroy D. Iohn of Arragon earle of Ribagorsa whom he left in the place of Gonsall Fernandes of Cordoua the great Captain whome he caused to imbarke with him at his returne and carried him into Spaine being iealous of the honor which he had gotten in the conquest of the realme In regard of the realm of Sicile he made many good lawes but he could not goe thither in person being prest by the queen D. Ioane his daughter the councel cities and comminalties of Castille to return into Spaine D. Ioane queene of Castille toucht in her senâ—es for this poore princesse besides her affliction for the death of her husband had other infirmities which she did inherit from her grandmother by the mothers side D. Isabella of Portugall wherefore finding her selfe vnable to gouern so great a state she put all ouer into the hands of D. Franciso Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo primate of Spain Councell of Castille of doctor D. Alfonso Suarez de la Fuente del Sauz bishop of Iaen president of the kings councell Garcia of Muxica licentiate in the laws born in the prouince of Guipuscoa doctor Pedro of Orepesa a most religious Baron the licentiat Fernando Telles doctor Laurence Galindez of Carnail the licentiate Lewis of Polanco with others of the councel who took charge of the affairs in the absence of the king D. Ferdinand her father the Prince D. Charles who was then bred vp in Flanders being yet a childe of 7 yeres old Pope Iulie staied many daies in the castle of Ostia thinking that K. Ferdinand would land there to see him but he excused himselfe by reason of the smal intelligence that was betwixt them for the king hauing demanded of him the confirmation inuestiture of the realm of Naples he would not graunt it but with heauier conditions then other kings of Arragon his predecessors had held it Queen Germain did accoÌ„pany the king her husband in al this voyage who sailing towards Spaine they
confiscate by the Emperour and giuen to captayne Ambulodâ— The Castle of Beoyuia was of verie great importance for the French that would make warre in Spaine for it is the onely passage by the which they may bring artillerie into Guipuscoa notwithstanding beeing very ill aduised they resolued for the sparing of men and money to ruine it which captaine Beaufils hauing begunne by the commaundement of the Earle of Lude in few dayes hee sapt and vndermined the walles at the foote the which hee vnderpropt with piles which were made hollow and filled with poulder with an intent to giue fire to it and to ouerthrow all the which he hauing done very secretly as he thought it was notwithstanding discouered by one of his owne gunners called great Iohn of Liborne who for some question hee had had with a souldier was retired to the Spaniards and had reuealed this businesse to D. Lewis de la Cuena brother to the generall D. Bertrand wherefore a great number of men of those vallies being all souldiers did presently assemble and were sodainly led by the said commaunder against this castle euen as the French hauing drawne forth their Artillerie and all that was within it Beoyuia a caâ—ilâ— of great importance abandoned by the French did abandon it and hauing already kindled certayne matches to conduct the fire to the poulder and pillars which supported the walles which the Spaniards preuented with great diligence quenching these matches and so preserued the Castle whose walles they did repaire rampire vp and fortifie againe and as a matter of great moment could keepe it well Ochus of Asua was made captayne of that Castle with an hundred souldiers The French finding their owne errour sought afterwards to recouer it there beeing an enterprise made by some gentlemen of the Countrey of Labbord amongst which were the Lords of Ortubia and Semper who hauing leuied about a thousand men of that Countrey and ioyned vnto them a regiment of Germans old souldiers which were in that frontire in the Kings pay they led them to the passage of the riuer of Bidaso which diuides Fraunce and Spaine where they were staied by the resistaunce which they of the Castle made with their artillerie and the Commons of the Countrie whereupon seeking an other foard and other wayes by the mountaines thinking to surprize the garrison they found such resistance of all the Spanish forces which had beene drawne thither as they were defeated and in a maner all slaine Rout of Saint Martiall This was called the rout of Saint Martial for that it was giuen on Saint Martialls day the last of Iune this yeare 1522. In the which the emperour Charles returned into Spaine and landed at Saint Ander the fiue and twentieth of Iuly Returne of the emperour into Spaine from whence hee passed to Vailledolit where hee heard the embassadors of many princes and also the deputies of the realme of Valencia who came to craue pardon for that they had ioyned in vnion with the rebells of Spaine and were the last which submitted whereof they excused themselues vpon the hard vsage of their viceroy D. Iaques of Mendosa whom hauing fauourably heard he comprehended them in the generall pardon which he caused to be published himselfe being present and sitting in his royall throne in view of all the world he depriued Mendosa of the gouernement of Valence by meanes whereof all the strong places and castles of the realme were yeelded vnto him In that of Xatiua there had beene till that time detained D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria sonne to D. Frederic the dispossessed king of Naples who died afterwards in France him he deliuered and kept him neere him with honour and fit entertainment commending him that hauing bin solicited by the rebells to be their head he had refused it and in time he caused him to marry Queene Germaine who had beene wife to king Ferdinand his grandfather and was then married againe to the Marquesse of Brandeburgh who died soone after to which Queene Germaine he gaue at that time the gouernement of Valencia Seeing the troubls ended vpon the firm land of Spain Rebellion in 〈◊〉 he had news that the city of Maiorca the whole Iland were reuolted at the instigation of a poore Artisan called Calon wherupon he speedily dispatcht the viceroy with some gallies who thinking to reclaime them by mildnes was beaten back by them with their artillery forced to go out of the hauen with his gallies being incensed the more for that he had refused to shew them the letters of pardon which he said he brought them from the emperour before they had laid downe armes and deliuered him the towne And in this fury they began to fall vpon them which aduised them to acknowledge their prince and to yeelde vnto his mercie The Viceroy being fortified with more shipping went to an other part of the Iland where hee landed his menâ— there many of the Ilanders came vnto him and offered him seruice hauing mustered his armie he found that he had aboue tenne thousand fighting men with the which seeking to inuest and besiege the citie the rebelles sallied couragiously forth and came twice to haâ—dy stroakes and were twice repulsed within their walles the which caused great trouble within the towne for many fainting would haue the gates opened and make triall of the Emperours clemencie but the greatest and strongest part being obstinately desperate reiected this wholesome councell with outrages hanging and cruelly murthering those that were of this aduice if they could get them setting their heads vpon the publique places and towers of the towne a grieuous and fearefull spectacle And then they discharged their rage vpon the wiues children goods and houses of them that were absent with all barbarous cruelty Wherefore they were besieged and baâ—tered both by sea and land so as seeing themselues forced not able long to hold out and without hope of any succours or meanes to escape after that they had indured some assaults and shewed that they had courage they yeelded vpon condition that the people should be pardoned yet there were twelue reserued at the Viceroyes discretion the which were deliuered vnto him among them was Calon the Author of the rebellion Maiâ—rquins vanquished and punished found in a priuie where hee was hidden who being led so defiled to his punishment vpon an Asse and his companions following him on foot they were all pincht with hot yrons and quartered and their heads set vpon the towers and gates of the citie which payed a certaine summe of money in consideration of a fine and for the charges of the warre These troubles being thus supprest the Emperour spent some dayes in sports and would himselfe runne at the tilt to the great contentment of the Spanish nobilitie with whom hee got the reputation to bee a good man at armes During the Emperours abode at Vailledolit Combat betwixt two Arragonois he granted the combat to
Francis of Lorraine Duke of Guise into Italie as the Popes souldier with whom and with the Duke of Ferrara hee had made certaine conuentions for the entertainment and safetie of the armie consisting of twelue thousand foot French Suisses and Grisons and two thousand horse with the which he passed the Alpes in the heart of winter About this time D. Iohn de Luna was in Flaunders who as wee haue said had been called thither touching Fernand Gonzague Iohn de Luna flies into Frāce hee seeing himselfe very seuerely handled by the Kings ministers in that businesse seeking a strict accompt of him of the munition of the castle of Milan being accused to haue imployed it to his owne priuate vse hee resolued to flie from Brussels who comming into Fraunce was graciously receiued by the Christian king and an honourable pension giuen him for his maintenaunce Hee wrote from thence to his sonne Diego that hee should deliuer the castle of Milan where he remained in his fathers place to whomsoeuer his king should commit it and that neither hee nor his brethren should euer swarue from his seruice And so it was deliuered by way of prouision to Alonso Pescioni by order from the catholike King and afterwards to Alonso Figueroa who was sent Castellan thither fearing the danger The Emperour Charles hauing the last yeare made a resignation of all his realmes and dominions shewing a rare President of his fatherlie loue and of a wise and temperat mind hee resolued also to write vnto his brother touching the gouernement of the Empire and leauing the gouernement of his states more free vnto his sonne retire himselfe and spend the remainder of his life in a free and quiet contemplation Wherefore on the seuenth day of September this yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and sixe he sent doctor Saler into Germany to his brother Ferdinand with a resignation of the gouernement of the empire with the Crowne Charles resignes the empire to his brother Scepter and other Ornaments pretending that being vnable to vndergoe that burthen by reason of his age and the infirmities which did afflict him extraordinarily hee persuaded the Electors to confirme the said Ferdinand in his place being yonger stronger and more apt to beare the burthen of such an empire to whom there was giuē by the prouidence of God for a naturall enemy the Turk who was mighty alwais watchful the which was now most to be feared for that he heard he was making a great preparation for war He did write particularly to euery one of the electors touching that busines a very familiar letter vnto his brother recommending his son vnto him that he would direct and assist him in all occasions with his councel help On the 14 day of the moneth he went from Gaand into Zeland his ships attending him at Flessingue but for that the wind was contrary hee was forced to staie many daies at Zuytbourg a village betwixt Flessingue and Middelbourg Charles the fifth passeth into Spaine to a solitary life which turning faire hauing taken his leaue of his sonne and giuen him his blessing and imbraced all the Princes and Noblemen he tooke shipping with his two sisters Mary widow to Lewis King of Hongary and Leonora first widow of Portugal and then of France who would needs accompany him in this voiage He came in a eleuen daies to the coast of Spaine and landed at Laredo in Biscay where before that he receiued any of those Noblemen that came to doe their duties to him hee kneeled downe and gaue God thankes for that in the last yeeres of his life hee had suffred him to come and die in that country which had alwaies beene most deere vnto him and by whose meanes he knew he was come to the hight of that honour and greatnesse And then imbracing those Noblemen and Grandos of Spaine very louingly he past by Bourgos to Vailledolit whereas his Nephew Don Carlo was to whom he gaue many good instructions putting him chiefly in mind of religion and Iustice where resting some daies and leauing his sisters there that he might haue no let to attend the life which hee had propounded he retired himselfe to the Monastery of Saint Iust of the Order of Saint Ierosme de la Vera neere to Placentia a desart place in the Prouince of Estremadura Here with foure seruants onely to serue him in his necessity hee past his life in continuall contemplation giuing great almes and doing other good deeds of charity for the which hee had reserued a hundred thousand ducats yeerely out of his great possessions Pope Paul the fourth hearing of his resignation was much troubled thinking that the Emperor could not doe it seeing it was necessary that beeing desirous to leaue off that degree whereunto hee had beene aduanced by the Popes authority hee should resigne it into the Popes hands whose office it then was to write vnto the Electors to prouide one that were worthy of that dignity who was to obtaine the ordinary confirmation from him wherein Ferdinand afterwards found some difficulty Queene Leonora being in Castille shee had a great desire to see the Infanta Enterview betwixt the mother and the daughter D. Maria of Portugall her daughter who remained at Lisbone wherein there was some difficulty vpon the point of honour and conuenience whether the mother should goe into Portugal or the daughter into Castille so as the Emperour was forced to write somewhat sharply vnto the king D. Iohn In the end the daughter came to see the mother in the city of Badajos which was the last time of their meeting The king of Algier with the helpe of an army at sea of Turkes Oran beseeged and valiantly defended of two and forty gallies and many Moores at land did much annoy the coast of Afrike and in the end came to Oran thinking to take that towne from the Spaniards Being incamped there the seuenth day of August and viewed it where they might plant their battery they beganne to cast vp trenches about the wall planting some peeces to batter the castle of Alchaizer but it was very indiscreetly done for they lay open both to the artillery of the fort and to that of the port Tremisene so as very many of them were slaine Whereupon they were forced to make new rampars and to find out a better seat for their lodgings the which were on euery side discouered their army being great for besides 12000. Turkes there was an infinite number of Moores both horse and foote They staied there some daies before they resolued to batter it for that they could not find a conuenient place but that they should be wonderfully annoyed by the ordnance from the fort which standing high discouered the country round about and shot into their trenches In the meane time the beseeged sallied forth dayly to skirmish and carried away the honour in a manner alwaies and although there were not aboue two thousand souldiers
and bad impressions lightly receiued and especially how they stray dangerously from the dutie which they owe to God and nature when they enterlace religion with their human policies to countenance their actions Whilst the duke of Alua seeks to afflict the towns of the low countries by strange intollerable impositions exacting the tenth penie of all marchandise that was sold and the twentieth penie of euery mans estate He began to quarrell with the Queene of England Quarrell betwixt the duke of Alba and the English pretending that shee had staied a great summe of money which was sent by sea out of Spaine into the Lowe Countries the which said the Duke did belong vnto the King of Spaine his master whom she should intreat with all brotherly loue Whereunto the Queene answered that shee was duely informed the said money did belong to certaine Merchants of Genoua and hauing then occasion to vse it shee would staie it for a time and pay them reasonable interest Despes Embassadour in England for the Catholike King made great instance for this money Englishmen and their goods arrested in the Lowe Countries and Spaine but he could get no other answer Whereupon the Duke of Alba did presently arrest all the English merchants with their shippes and goods that were at Antwerp or within his gouernment Whereupon all commerce was broken betwixt the king of Spaines subiects and the English who left the trade to Antwerp and carried their goods to Hamborough The Queene of England published a declaration of her proceeding in this businesse complaining that the Duke of Alba had dealt vniustly with her and her subiects but all this could not procure any restitution for the English Merchants who had letters of reprisall granted them against king Philips subiects to recouer the losses which they had sustained by these arrests both in Spaine and the Lowe Countries The English Merchants became men of warre and so many went to sea some with a desire of gaine and others with hope to recouer what they had lost as not a shippe could passe betwixt Spaine and the Lowe Countries to the ruine of many poore men wherof great complaints came to the Court of Spaine The Duke of Alba seeing what a breach he had made betwixt those two States to the preiudice of his masters subiects seeking to repaire the errour which he had committed Queen of England refuseth to heare the duke of Albas Embassador he sent Christopher d'Assonuille a Counseller of Estate to the Queene of England to reconcile this quarrell but shee refused to heare him vnlesse he came from the king his master and had letters of credit signed with his owne hand but comming from the Duke of Alba her Maiestie sent him to treat with her Councell which hee hauing no warrant to doe returned without audience Yet shee let him vnderstand that although shee found her selfe much wronged shee would not take Armes vnlesse the Duke of Alba began The like shee wrot to the king of Spaine complaining of the Duke of Alba's presumption Soone after the Duke sent Chiapin Vitelli Marquis of Cetone with some others to demand the money and to free all arrests of either side but they effected not any thing whereupon the Duke sold all the English mens goods that were vnder arrest These were the seeds of warre betwixt the two Princes which continued vnto their deaths to the ruine of many of their subiects especially Spaniards and Portugals The Princes of Germanie hearing what cruelties and spoiles the duke of Alba and his Spaniards committed in the Lowe Countries they prest the Emperour Maximilian to deale in those matters betwixt the king and his subiects there yea to take knowledge thereof as Emperour saying that without doubt the Prouinces which are beyond the riuer of Escaut towards the East were of the Imperiall Iurisdiction as those that are on this side were of the soueraigntie of France But the Emperour did not thinke it fit to vse his Imperiall authority but prayers and intercessions Whereupon he sent the Archduke Charles his brother into Spaine Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spaine vpon colour to aske the king of Spaines aduice for the mariage of his two daughters and withall hee had giuen him ample instructions to treat with him touching the affaires of his Netherlands and to intreat him by all faire meanes to grant a generall pardon to his people there and to call home the duke of Alba and his Spaniards assuring him that in so doing he should be obeyed but if he did persist in that cruell persecution they would be releeued both with men and money from Germanie the which he could not preuent The Archduke came to Genoua where he imbarkt in the duke of Sauoys gallies and was receiued by the king of Spaine with great honour Treatise of mariage his embassage was very pleasing touching that which concerned the mariages of his two neeces for he found the king disposed to marrie the elder the which had bin appointed for the vnfortunate Prince D. Charles his sonne And as for the second which the Emperour desired to match with the king of Portugall who was yet very yong hee had a promise from king Philip to imploy himselfe to haue the French king marrie her although he had alreadie demanded the other and they were entred into treatie by the means of the Cardinalles of Guise and Espinosa But as for the affaires of the Netherlands the Archduke could not obtaine anie thing in fauor of them that were banished nor of the poore prouinces afflicted For making relation vnto him of the speeches held by the Princes Electors to the Emperor and that they pretended he had a right of protection ouer those people and that hee should make himselfe iudge of their quarrels as depending of the Empire it did much incense the king who answered that the Germanes were much deceiued in their conceptions in that regard and that he had sufficient right and power to shew that he was a soueraign Prince and did not acknowledge any other superior on earth He knew well that the duke of Alba had vsed some excesse but he was woont to say that he had rather loose all those Prouinces with others than to haue rebellious subiects especially in matters which concerned religion Thus the Archduke was dismist hauing receiued a present of 100000 crownes to helpe him to furnish his frontier places against the Turke with many iewels of price And he had commission when hee came into Germanie to doe the ceremonies of their contracting in his name with his future Spouse Returning by Italie he did visit his sisters and neeces the duchesses of Ferrara Florence and Montoua and then he came vnto the Emperour to giue him an account of his negotiation with king Philip whom hee had left ingaged in a warre against the Moores of Granado almost as difficult as that of the Netherlands Wee haue formerly made mention of the discontents of
they had a joyfull entrie made them The head of Aben Aboo was put in a cage of yron and set ouer the citie gate which lookes towards the Alpuxarres The bodie being quartered was hung vpon the high-wayes Troubles of the Moors specified After which there was not any Moore found to make head all layed aside armes and submitted themselues to the kings mercie according to the generall pardon which was graunted to Francis Barrero But they were all drawne out of the mountaines and the townes of Granado and thereabouts and sent into plaine countries and more accessible to inhabit as the Emperour Traian did with the auncient Spaniards who were accustomed to rebell often vpon the assurance of their townes and castles built vpon the edge of the mountaines the which he caused to be rased and commanded by an Edict that they should not build any more but in the plaines Thus ended the warre of the Moores of Granado in Nouember 1570 hauing continued neere two yeares verie daungerous and difficult being rashly caused by the ill vsage of them that they call old Christians in Spaine by the importune pursuits of the Clergie and Inquisition and by the bad administration of justice and insolencie of the ministers there of and no lesse inconsiderately entertained by the impatiencie of the Moores and augmented by their obstinacie and ignorance which suggested wicked and monstrous conceptions The charge and losse was great for there was aboue fiue millions of crownes of the kings treasure spent in this warre The interest of priuat men and the spoyle and vnpeopling of the countrey was inestimable in the which aboue thirtie thousand Christians lost their liues As for the Moores that were slaine of all ages and sexes the number cannot be saied for a great realme might haue beene peopled therewith If they had been intreated with more mildnesse and humanitie without doubt they might easily haue kept them in obedience and by little and little might haue made them leaue that which was vnpleasing or scandalous in their manner of liuing and as for religion they should bee instructed with more care and charitie causing that injurious contempt which is ordinarie in Spaine and other places of them that are newly come to the knowledge of Iesus Christ to cease being vnpleasing vnto God King Philip being somewhat freed from cares by the end of this warre with the Moores of Granado hee would haue his mariage consummated with Anne of Austira Mariage of king Philip with his neece his neece daughter to his sister and to the Emperour Maximilian for the which he obtained a dispensation from the Pope according to the vse of that holy Church She past through the Low Countries and was receiued by the duke of Alba at Nymeghen with great honour who conducted her to Brussels and so to Flessingue where shee imbarked in October and within eight dayes arriued happily in Biscaie being accompanied by the Archdukes Albert and Wenceslaus her brethren being verie young Shee was receiued there by the cardinall of Seuille whom the king had sent thither to doe that office The king entertained her at Segouia with that state that was befitting the greatnesse then passing on to Madrid whereas the widow Queene of Portugall met them they were maried with great solemnitie The king of Spaine as wee haue said was solicited to enter-into league with the Pope and the Venetians against whom Selym the great Turke picking a quarell had declared warre And for that the danger of this warre required aid the Pope sent a Nuntio into Spaine which was Lewis Torres clerke of the chamber with speciall order from him to draw the king into this league but aboue all to craue the assistance of his gallies for that present yeare that being ioyned with them of Venice they might goe and make head against that mightie fleet which the Turke had sent to sea The king knowing how much it did import himselfe and the whole state of Christendome King of 〈◊〉 sends his 〈◊〉 to assist the â—â—netions being moued with many speciall considerations hee graunted his gallies which were then readie in Italie Wherefore he sent a speciall commission to Iohn Andrew Doria That according to the Popes pleasure he should go as head of those gallies to Messina but he gaue him no direction that hee should goe from thence to Corfu to ioyne with the Venetian armie and with the Popes gallies which were commaunded by Mars Anthonie Colonna and that hee should leaue the commaund of all vnto Colonna being lent by the king vnto his Holinesse the which being not well specified was a great prejudice to the armie that yeare But the businesse of the league being treated of in the kings Councell with great deliberation was not so easily concluded notwithstanding that Torres and Leonardo Donata a Senator of great worth sent from the State of Venice into Spaine did solicite it verie earnestly but the importance of the businesse the ordinarie disagreement which is found in all Councels consisting of men of diuers complexions and the naturall slownesse of that nation made those embassadours to spend many monethes in vaine and did somewhat coole the ardent desire the king had to satisfie the Pope and that Commonweale as he did afterwards shew â—y the effects But to come to the cause of this warre The Turke had sent a Chaous to the Venetians that they should without delay deliuer vnto him the island of Cypres which did belong vnto him as hauing succeeded to the rights of the Emperours of Constantinople the kings of Ierusalem and of the auncient kings of Syria and Aegypt the which said hee they had gotten away Warre 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 against the â—â—netians The which hauing refused he denounced war against them wherein they had great difficulties being surprised for that it was before the succours â—ame which they had begged from the king of Spaine the Pope and other princes who performed not their promises but verie late after the losse of Nicosia and all they had in that island euerie one selling the succours which hee had promised in balancing the interest they had to oppose against the Turke and seeking to contribute with some aduantage for his owne particular But the next yeare there was a league made as you shall heare by the which D. Iohn of Austria the kings brother was chosen to be Generall of the confederates armie against the Turke The enterprise which the Turke made vpon Cypres and the battell at sea which happened vpon this occasion is memorable and merits a particular relation in this historie of Spaine for that the power and meanes of king Philip did much auaile and D. Iohn of Austira his brother had the honour to be Generall of the armie at sea and woon a famous victorie The island of Cypres was in truth a remainder of the Empire of Constantinople Cypres an island and a realme and of the realme of Ierusalem erected by the French
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king