raysines groundselles transomes and vpright principalles with here and there an ouerthwart post in their walles whereunto they fasten their Splintes or radles and then cast it all ouer wyth clay to kéepe out the winde which otherwyse woulde anoy them In like sort as euery country house is thus apparelled on the out side so is it inwardly deuided into sundrie rowmes aboue and beneth and where plentie of wood is they couer theÌ„ with tyles otherwyse with straw sedge or réede except some quarry of slate be neare hande from whence they haue for theyr money so much as may suffice them The clay wherewith our houses are empanelled is eyther white redde or blewe and of these the first doth participate very much with the nature of our chalke the seconde is called lome but the thirde eftsoones changeth coulour so sooâ—…e as it is wrought notwithstanding that it looke blew when it is throwne out of the pit Of chalke also we haue our excellent whyte lime made in most places wherewith we stricke ouer our clay workes stone walles in Cities good Townes riche fermers and gentlemens houses otherwyse in stéede of chalke where it wanteth for it is so scant that in some places it is solde by the pounde they are compelled to burne a certaine kind of redde stone as in Wales and else where other stones as I haue séene by experience Within their doores also such as are of abilitie doe oft make their flowers and parget of fine Alabaster burned which they cal plaster of Paris whereof in some places we haue great plentie that very profitable agaynst the rage of fire In plastering likewise of our fayrest houses ouer our heades we vse to lay first a Laire or two of white mâ—…rter tempered with heire vpon Lathes which are nayled one by an other or sometimes vpoÌ„ rede or wickers more daungerous for fyre and made fast here and there with sappelathes for falling downe and finallye couer all with the aforesayde plaster which beside the delectable whitenesse of the stuffe it selfe is layed on so euen and smouthly as nothing in my iudgement can be done with more exactnesse This also hath bene coÌ„mon in england contrarie to the customes of all other Nations and yet to be séene for example in most stréetes of London that many of our greatest houses haue outwardly béene very simple and plaine to sight which inwardly haue béene able to receyue a Duke with his whole trayne and lodge them at their ease Hereby moreouer it is come to passe that the frontes of our stréetes haue not béene so vniforme orderly buylded as those of forrain cities where to saye truth the vtterside of theyr mansions and dwellings haue oft more cost bestowed vpon them then all the reast of the house which are often very simple and vneasie within as experience doth confirme Of olde tyme our country houses in stéede of glasse dyd vse much lattis and that made eyther of wicker or fine riftes of oke in chekerwyse I reade also that some of the better sorte in and before the tymes of the Saxons did make panels of horne in stéede of glasse and fixe them in woodden calmes but as horne is quite layde downe in euery place so our lattises are also growne into lesse vse bycause glasse is come to be so plentifull within a very little so good cheape as the other Heretofore also the houses of our princes and noble men were often glased wyth Beril an example wherof is yet to be séene in Sudley castell in diuers other places with fine christall but this especially in the time of y e Romaines wherof also some fragmentes haue béene taken vp in olde ruines But nowe these are not in vse so that onely the clearest glasse is most estéemed for we haue diuers sortes some brought out of Burgundie some out of Normandy much out of Flaunders beside that which is made in Englande so good as the best and eache one that may will haue it for his building Moreouer the mansion houses of our country townes villages which in champaine grouÌ„de stande altogither by stréetes and ioyning one to an other but in woodelande soyles dispersed here and there eache one vpon the seuerall groundes of their owners are builded in suche sort generally as that they haue neither dairy stable nor bruehouse annexed vnto them vnder the same roose as in many places beyonde the sea but all separate from the first and one of them from an other And yet for all this they are not so farre distant in sunder but that the goodman lying in his bed may lightly heare what is done in eache of them with ease and call quickly vnto his meney if any daunger shoulde attache hym The auncient maners houses of our gentlemen are yet for the most part of strong tymber Howbeit such as be lately buylded are commoÌ„ly either of bricke or harde stone their rowmes large and stately and houses of office farder distaunt froÌ„ their lodginges Those of the Nobility are likewise wrought with bricke and hard stone as prouision may best be made but so magnificent and stately as the basest house of a Barren doth often match with some honours of princes in olde tyme so that if euer curious buylding dyd florish in Englande it is in these our dayes wherein our worckemen excell and are in maner comparable in skill with olde Vitrunius and Serlo The furniture of our houses also excéedeth and is growne in maner euen to passing delicacie herein I do not speake of the Nobilitie and gentrie onely but euen of the lowest sorte that haue any thing at all to take to Certes in Noble mens houses it is not rare to sée abundance of Arras riche hangings of Tapistry siluer vessell and so much other plate as may furnish suÌ„drie cupbordes to the summe ofteÌ„times of a thousand or two thousande pounde at the least wherby the value of this and the reast of their stuffe doth grow to be inestimable Likewise in the houses of Knightes GentlemeÌ„ Marchauntmen and some other wealthie Citizens it is not geson to beholde generallye their great prouision of Tapistrie Turkye worke Pewter Brasse fine linen and therto costly cupbords of plate woorth fiue or sixe hundred pounde to be demed by estimation But as herein all these sortes doe farre excéede their elders and predecessours so in time past the costly furniture stayed there whereas now it is descended yet lower euen vnto the inferiour Artificers and most Fermers who haue learned also to garnish their cubbordes with plate their beddes with tapistrie and silke hanginges and their tables with fine naperie whereby the wealth of our countrie doth infinitely appeare Neyther do I speake this in reproch of any man God is my Iudge but to shew that I doe reioyce rather to sée how God hath blessed vs with hys good giftes and to behold how that in a time wherein all thinges are growen to most excessiue prices we do yet
by fighting one battaile or two Greatest force and constancie alwayes remayneth with those that seeke to deliuer themselues from miserie Now appeared it that the Goddes had taken some pitie of the poore Brytayns who by their diuine power did withhold the chief captain of the Romaines with his army as it were banished in an other Ilande Let vs theÌ„ sayd they take the oportunitie of time and good occasion offred and forthwith proceede in our businesse 〈◊〉 to be neglected for lesse daunger it is manfully to aduenture and to goe forwarde with our purpose than to be bewrayed and taken in these oure consultations Thus hauing taken aduice togither and wholy mislyking their present state they determined to take weapon in hande and so by force to seeke for reformation They were verily occasioned thereto through many euil partes practised by y e Romains greatly to their griefes and displeasures Cor. 〈◊〉 For whereas Prasutagus 〈◊〉 supposed by Hector Boetius to bee Aruiragus K. of the people called Iceni The 〈◊〉 and â—…cesterâ—…iâ—… men had made the Emperor and two of his owne daughters his heyres supposing by that mean to haue his kingdome family preserued froÌ„ al iniury it happened quite contrarie to that his expectation For his kingdom was spoyled by the Romain captaines Voadicia 〈…〉 his wife named Voadicia beaten by the souldiers his daughters rauished the Peeres of the realme bereft of their goods and the kings friends made and reputed as bond slaues There was also an other great cause that styrred the Brytains to this rebellion Dion Casâ—… which was the coÌ„fiscating of their goods for where as Claudius himselfe had pardoned the chiefest persons of the forfeytures Decianus Catus the Procurator of that I le mainteyned that the same ought to be renued againe To this an other griefe was added 〈◊〉 that where Seneca had lent to the nobilitie of y e Ile foure C. Sestertium ech huÌ„dred being .500000 lb sterling or there about vpon great interest he required the whole summe togither by great rigor violence although he forced them at the first to take thys money to vsurie Also such old souldiers as were placed by way of a colonie to inhabite the towne of Camulodunum expelled many of the Brytains out of their houses droue them out of theyr possessions and landes and accounted the Brytaynes as slaues and as though they had beene their captiue prisoners or bondmen Beside this the temple there which was built in honor of Claudius as an aulter of eternal rule gouernment was serued with priests the which vnder color of religioÌ„ did spoile consume and deuour the goods of all men Moreouer such strange sightes and wonders as chanced about the same time pricked the Britains the rather forwarde For the Image of the Goddesse Victoria in the temple at CamulodunuÌ„ slipping downe turned hir backe as who shoulde say shee gaue place as vanquished to the enimyes Dion Casâ—… Also in the Hall where the Courtes of Iustice were kept there was a marueylous greate noyse hearde â—…e woâ—…â—… with muche laughing and a sturre in the Theatre with great weeping and lamentable howling at suche tyme as it was certenly knowne that there was no creature there to make any such noyse 〈◊〉 Cassius The Sea at a Spring Tyde appeared of a bloudie colour and when the Tyde was gone backe there were seene on the Sandes the shapes and figures of mens bodies Women also as rauished of theyr wittes and beeing as it were in a furye prophecied that destruction was at hande so that the Brytaynes were put greatly in hope and the Romaines in feare 〈◊〉 But those things whether they chaunced by the crafte of man or illusion of the Diuell or whether they proceeded of some naturall cause the which the common sort of people oftentymes taketh superstitiously in place of vnkouth maruails signifying things to followe we woulde let passe least wee might bee thought to offende religion the which teaching all things to bee done by the prouidence of God despiseth the vaine foreshewings of happes to come if the order of an hystory sayth Polidore Vergill woulde so permit the whiche requyreth all things to bee wrytten in maner as they fall foorth and come to passe 〈◊〉 Tac. li. 15. â—…dicia by 〈◊〉 Cassius â—…lled Bunâ—… But the Brytaynes were chiefely mooued to Rebellion by the iuste complaynte of Voadicia declaryng howe vnseemely shee had beene vsed and intreated at the handes of the Romains and bycause that shee was moste earnestlye bent to seeke reuenge of theyr iniuryes The auncient Brytaines admitted as well women as meÌ„ in publike gouernment and hated the Romaine name moste of all other they chose hir to bee Captayne for they in rule and gouernment made no difference then of sexe whether they committed the saiue to man or woman and so by a generall conspiracie the more parte of the people hauing also allured the Essex men vnto Rebellion rose and assembled themselues togyther to make warres agaynst the Romaines There were of them a hundred and 〈◊〉 thousande gotte togither in one armie vnder the leading of the sayde Voadicia or Bâ—…aduâ—…a as some name hir She therefore to encourage hir people agaynst the enimyes mounted vp into an high place raysed vp of turfe and soddes made for the noâ—…s out of the which she made a long and verie pithie Oration The Oration 〈◊〉 Voaditia I Doe suppose my louers and friendes that there is no man here but doth well vnderstande howe much libertie and freedome is to bee preferred before thraldome and bondage But if there haue bene any of you so deceyued with the Romaine perswasions that that ye did not for a time see a difference betweene them and iudge whether of both is most to be desired Nowe I hope that hauing tried what it is to be vnder both ye wil with me reforme your iudgement and by the harmes alreadie taken acknowledge your ouersight forsake your former error Againe in that a number of you haue rashly preferred an external soueraintie before the customes and lawes of your own couÌ„try you do at this time I doubt not perfitly vndeâ—…estande how much free pouertie is to be preferred before great riches wherevnto seruitude is annexed much wealth in respect of captiuitie vnder forraine magistrates wherevpon slauerie attendeth For what thing I besech you can there be so vile grieuous vnto the nature of man that hath not happened vnto vs sithence the time that the Romains haue bin acquainted with this Iland are we not all in maner bereued of our riches and possessions Doe not we beside other things that we giue and the land that we till for their onely profite pay them all kindes of tribute yea for our owne carkasses how much better is it to be once aloft and fortunate in deed than vnder the forged and false title of libertie continually 〈◊〉 to pay for our redemption
same time with the Ethiopians that had inuaded the realme of Egypt euen vnto Memphis This Gathelus to bee short went forth with his bandes agaynst the same Ethiopians vnder Moses the Captaine generall of the armie chosen thereto by diuine Oracle as Iosephus wryteth which Moses obteyned the victorie and conquered Saba by force he the chiefest and principall Citie which stoode in the Isle Meroe For such tokens of valiancie and worthie prowes as Gathelus shewed both in this Countrey in other places he grew also into such estimation with Pharao that he gaue him his daughter in mariage But Moses was rather enuied than honored for his doyng bycause the Egyptians doubted least the Israelites should encrease to such a puyssant multitude that in the ende they might vsurpe and chalenge the gouernance of the whole Realme and bring it by rebelling into their owne handes wherefore diuerse informations were made to the king agaynst him Moyses fled so that when he once perceyued himselfe to be in daunger of the lawe and looked for no mercie at their handes fled from thence out of the Countrey and gate him into the lande of Madian The Citie Thebes was giuen vnto Gathelus Scota daughter to Pharao Vnto Gathelus and his people there was giuen a Citie called Thebes Egyptiaca being taken from the Israelites Here must you vnderstande that Pharaos daughter whiche Gathelus thus maryed was called Scota of whom such as came of the posteritie of that nation were afterwardes and are at this present day called Scoti that is to say Scottish men and the land where they inhabite Scotia that is to say Scotlande The credite of this historie of Gathelus we leaue to the authors Israel oppressed Moses called out of Madian into Egypt Gathelus thus being aduaunced by such honourable maryage lyued all the dayes of his father in law Pharao Orus in great honour But after his discease and in the thirde generation an other king named Pharao Chencres succeeded in his throne who oppressed the people of Israel then abyding in Egypt with more bōdage than euer his father or grandfather had don before him Neither was there hope of any redresse till Moyses returned by Gods appoyntment from amongst the Madianites where he had remayned in exile into Egypt and there declared vnto this Pharao Gods commaundement touching the deliuerance of his people But forsomuch as his wordes were regarded neyther with the king nor with his subiects Moses not regarded Exodus 5. that lande was plagued in most horrible and terrible maner and moreouer it was signified vnto such as sought to know what was meant by way of Oracles that sorer and more grieuous plagues should after follow if remedie were not founde the sooner Gathelus therefore being certified hereof and giuing credite to the Oracles aforesayde determined out of hande to forsake the countrey Gathelus leauing Egypt seeketh other countreyes and seeke him a new place of abode in some other partyes of the worlde Wherefore he caused a number of shippes to be rigged and all necessarie purueyance to be prouided and when the same was once readie and all things set in order he tooke with him his wife and children and a great multitude of people both Greekes and Egyptians whom he embarqued in those shippes Gathelus depa◅ting was Anno mundi 2453. W.H. 3643. H.B. and hoysing vp sayles departed out of the mouth of the riuer Nilus in the yeare of the worldes creation 2453. when hee had dwelled in Egypt .39 yeares and more Beeing thus departed after some trouble in the voyage they arriued first on the coastes of Numydia He was repulsed in Barbary whiche is one of the regions of Affrike now called Barbarie but beyng put backe from thence by the stowte resistaunce of the inhabitauntes they tooke the Seas agayne and landed in a part of Spayne whiche long after was called Lusitania He landed in Portingale There be that haue written how it should be cleped Port Gathele of this Gathelus and certaine yeares after Lusitania and eftsoones agayne in a maner to haue got the former name being somewhat corruptly called Portingale But who is able in a mater of such auncientie to auowche any thing for truth Gathelus with his companie beyng thus come to lande sought abrode in the countrey for vytayles and such other necessarie things as they wanted for their long being on the Seas had wasted all their purueyance The inhabitants resist Gathelus Were ouerthrowne whose arriual being once knowen in the countrey the people assembled togither and fiercely encountring with the straungers after sharpe and cruell fight in the ende the Spanyardes were put to the worse and chased out of the fielde This victory put Gathelus and his folkes in hope of good successe to haue their a place for them to inhabite in A communication and so to end their long wandering in straunge and vncertaine places And to the intent they might bring their purpose the more easily to passe they found meanes by way of communication to ioyne in friendship with the Spanyardes and obtayning of them a plotte where they might buylde a place for to inhabite in Gathelus buildeth the Citie Bracchara shortly after they began the foundation of a Citie neare to the bankes of the Riuer called of auncient tyme Mundus and afterwardes Bracchara It chaunced after this that the Spanyardes perceyuing these straungers to increase further in puysa◅nce than as they thought stoode well with theyr securitie sought diuerse occasions to fal at debate with them and to make warres vpon them But when they vnderstoode that Gathelus was as ready to defend A consultation as they were to inuade they eftsoones fell to a communication and perswaded with Gathelus that it should be best for him and his people for the auoyding of variance to remoue vnto the Northside of Spayne lying vpon the coastes of the Cantabrian seas nowe called Galitia where he should finde much voyde grounde by reason of the smal number of Inhabitants adding that if they would so do Gathelus left Portingale and went into Galitia He builded a Citie called Brigantia and nowe Compostella they would ayde them to the vttermost agaynst all such as shoulde attempt to disquiet their indeuours in any maner of wise This offer Gathelus gladly accepted and causing publike sacrifice to be celebrate in honour of the Goddes he departed with all his people into Galitia and there concluding a league with the inhabitants buylded a Citie which he named Brigantia but after it was called Nouium and now Compostella In continuance of time this nation grewe to a wōderful multitude The Spaniardes fight with the Scot◅ infortunately so that the Spaniards doubting the worst determined to foresee remedie in tyme and herevpon purposing vtterly to destroy them got them againe to armour and with their whole puissance comming vpon the Scottish men gaue them a sore battaile though in the ende they
wyth him at the first time landed here in this Isle amongst them againe and being at three sundrie times fiercely encountred by king Cassybilan at length hee put the same Cassybilane wyth hys Brytaynes to flight The Brytaynes are ouerthrowne slaying and taking a great number of them Amongst other of the prisoners were three of their chiefest Captaynes Androgeus Cisentoriges and Tenantius By reason of which ouerthrow Cassibylane was so discouraged that doubting further mischief Cassybilane yeeldeth to Caesar he yeelded himselfe vnto Cesar accepting suche conditions of peace as were appoynted him and for performance of couenants delyuered sufficient pledges Cesar hauing thus conquered the Brytayns Iulius Caesar his message vnto the Scotes and Pictes sent his Ambassadours vnto the Kings of the Scottish men and Picts requiring them to submit themselues as Cassybilane had done or else he bad them looke for open warres at the Romaynes handes which they might assure themselues they should in no wise be able to sustaine considering their mightie and huge puissance hauing the most part of the whole worlde at theyr commaundement alreadie The answere of the Scottes and Pictes vnto Caesar his Ambassadors Wherevnto aswell the one king as the other made this or much-what the like answere that they were bent sooner to lose theyr liues than theyr lybertie Which their resolution if they were putte to the tryall shoulde be euidently proued by the deed it selfe Cesar hauing receyued this answere from these two nations Caesar sendeth new messengers vnto the Scottes and Picts but they sped muche like to the former he sendeth newe messengers vnto them with a more roughe embassie who not onely by threates but also by great reasons went about to perswade them vnto submission But they persisting in their former opinion for defence of their liberties and vtterly refusing all maner of bondage would encline by no meanes to come in any bonde of friendshippe with the Romaynes After the returne of these last messengers Cesar was fully resolued to enter into their Countreys to force them vnto that by dynt of sworde wherevnto by treatie he might not enduce them The rebellion of the Gaules breaketh Caesar his purposed iourney agaynst the Scottes and had set forwarde on that iourney shortly after in deede if he had not beene called backe into Fraunce to pacifie sundrie commotions there raysed by the reuolting of the people inhabiting those Countreys where the Picardes and Normans with other the inhabitantes neare aboute Chartres now dwell The common Scottishe Chronicles record howe Iulius Cesar came as farre as Kalendar wood Kalendar or Caledon wood there wan by force the citie of Camelon where the Pictish kings vsed most to soiourne This cannot be true for Caesar came not neare Scotland as in the Historie of Englande it appeareth Herevnto the same Chronicles adde that Cesar buylded a great stone house of .xxiiij. cubites in heigth and of .xij. cubites in breadth of square hewen stones right workemanly framed which house they saye Cesar caused to be vsed in steede of a iudgement Hall and here placed it neare the Ryuer of Caron ouer agaynst the forenamed Citie of Camelone as a witnesse that the Romaynes armie had beene so farre forwarde within that Countrey Suche an house there remayneth to be seene euen vnto this day and is called Iulius Hoff Iulius Hoff. that is Iulius Hall or Iulius Court Howbeit other more agreeable to the likelyhoode of a troth wryte that this house was sometymes a Temple buylded to the honour of Claudius Cesar and of the Goddesse Victoria by the Romaine Captaine Vespasian at suche tyme as he made warres in that Countrey before hys aduauncement to the Empyre The remnant of Ederus his raigne passed without any other notable trouble and so after he had raigned 38. yeares 48. H.B. 26. H.B. Ederus departeth this life he deceassed a very olde man about the 23. yeare of the Empyre of Augustus Cesar He was buried also at Dunstasage with all due pompe and solemnitie hauing dyverse obelyskes as the custome then was erected and sette vp aboute the place where hee was so intumilate In the first yeares of his raigne he was wholy drowned in lasciuious lecherie abandoning himselfe altogither to lie waltring amongst a sort of vile strumpettes A licentious king hys lust beeing neuer thorowely satisfied thoughe neuer so often awearyed The nobles of the realme he had in no regard at all of whom some he confined and some hee caused to be murthered onely bycause hee might the more freely without gainsaying haunte hys vile trade of liuing with their wiues and cosins Such delite he had also in his filthie and most abhominable ribaldrie Fylthie lawes that he made lawes for maintenance of the like amongst his subiectes as thus That it might be lawful for euery man to marrie diuerse and sundrie wiues some sixe some ten according to their substance and qualities And as for poore mennes wiues they were appoynted to be common vnto the Lordes of the soyle and further that the same Lordes shoulde first deflowre the Bride after hir mariage which last ordinaunce tooke such effect that of manye hundred yeares after it coulde by no meanes be abrogated thoughe the two former liberties were by authoritie of the Kings succeeding shortly after this Ewins deceasse taken away and reuoked But now to cōclude touching y e doings of this Ewin ye shal vnderstand Ewin is pursued and forsaken of his subiectes y t at length such lords as greatly abhorred his vile conditions and vsages conspired agaynst him and raysing an armie of their friendes and partakers encountered with him in the fielde and there tooke him prisoner being destitute of all ayde and succours For such as he brought with him not once offered to strike one stroke in his quarell Ewin being thus taken Ewin condemned to perpetual prison was by and by condemned to perpetuall prison and Cadallane of whome ye haue heard before immediately proclaymed gouernour of the Realme Howbeit the night following after that Ewin according to the iudgement pronounced agaynst him was committed vnto warde a presumptuous yong man in hope to haue thankes of Cadallane entred into the chamber where he was enclosed Ewyn is strangled and there strangled him But in steede of thankes he was recompenced with death for Cadallane detesting such a wicked deed caused him to be hanged in open sight of all men Such was the ende of Ewin beeing thus dispatched in prison in the seuenth yeare after he began his raigne ouer the Scottish men beeing the ix 32. H.B. yeare of Augustus Cesar his gouernment of the Romaine Empyre AFter Ewin succeeded Metellanus Metellane sonne to one Carrane the brother of Ederus a prince of most gentle behauiour This Metellanus mainteyned his subiects in great quietnesse and rest without any maner of warres either forraine or Ciuill Such wicked lawes as his predecessour had established he did
right commodious possessions Moreouer he translated the Bishops Sea of Murthlake vnto Aberden for sundrie aduised considerations augmenting it with certaine reuenues as he thought expedient There goeth a fond forged tale A tale that this king Dauid being in the Castel of Edenburgh on the holy Rood day in Haruest otherwise called the Exaltation of the crosse it chauÌ„ced that through excyting of certaine yong Lordes and Gentlemen after he had beene at Churche hee tooke his Horse and rode foorth into the next wooddes to hunt the Harte for in those dayes all that countrey was full of Woods and wast grounds replenished with Deare and wilde beastes The Countrey about Edenburgh in olde time full of Wood. small tyllage as then beeing vsed in any part of the Realme for all the people in maner were giuen to breeding of Castell more than to any other trade of liuing This was in the same place where nowe springs a fountaine called the Rood Well There is no man that could tell of what matter this Crosse was made whether of mettall stone or of tree A dreame He was admonished also as the report goeth in his slepe the next night after that he should buylde an Abbay in the same place where thys chaunce happened Holy Rood house builded Wherupon he sent for workmen into Fraunce and Flaunders and set them in hande to buyld this Abbey of Chanons reguler as he was admonished dedicating it in the honor of the Crosse The foresayde Crosse remayned in this Abbey til the dayes of king Dauid Bruce who lost it to the English men at Durram field where he was takeÌ„ prisoner But inough of these MoÌ„kish deuises Many prudent men blame greatly the vnmeasurable liberalitie of king Dauid the which he vsed towardes the Churche Liberalitie in king Dauid toward the Church reproued in diminishing so hugely the reuenues of the Crowne beeing the cause that manye noble Princes his successours haue come to their final endes for that they haue beene constrayned through want of treasure to mainteyne their royall estates to procure the fall of sundrie great houses to possesse theyr landes and liuings Also to rayse paymentes and exactions of the common people to the vtter impouerishment of the realme And sometime haue they bene constrayned to inuade Englande by warres as desperate men not caring what came of their liues Otherwhiles haue they beene inforced to stampe naughtie money to the great preiudice of the common wealth All which mischiefes haue followed sithe the time that the Church hath beene thus enryched The Churche enriched and the crowne enpouerished The saying of king Iames the first A soer Saint and the crowne empouerished Therfore king Iames the first when he came to king Dauid his Sepulture at Dunfirmling he sayd that he was a soer Saint for the crown meaning that he left the Church ouer riche and the Crowne too poore For he tooke from the crowne as Iohn Maior wryteth in his Chronicles lx thousand pouÌ„d Scottish of yearely reuenues Io. Maior Lx. M. pounds in lands giuen to the church which he endowed those Abbayes with But if king Dauid had considered the maner how to nourish true religion he had neyther endowed Churches with such riches nor buylt them with such royall magnificence Superfluous possessions of the Church for the superfluous possessions of the Church as they are now vsed are not only occasion to euill Prelates to liue in moste insolent pompe and corruption of life but also an assured net to drawe all maner of gold and siluer out of the realme howbeit lesse domage would follow if the Abbays were at the prouision of their ordinaries without any dispensation from theyr habite and religion and the ordinaries to be placed and admitted by their prymate without exemption and the prymate by the councel prouincial For within these .lxx. yeares sayth the translator of Hector Boetius his Chronacles meaning from the time that he wrote 〈◊〉 whiche was aboute the yeare of our redemption .1530 no benefices at all were fetched from Rome â—…fices fetched from Rome saue onely Bishoprickes Sithe whiche time it is knowen wel inough sayth he what golde and siluer hath gone foorth of the realme for the purchasing of spirituall promotions And therfore it is as he also saith to be doubted least the realme shal be brought to irrecouerable pouertie by continuall promotion of Prelates within these fewe yeares Promotion of prelates so as it shal be an easie pray to the enimies sithe it may not sustayne so great charges nowe by reason hereof in time of warres as it hath done in the dayes of our elders Thus muche haue I taken foorth of the saide translators wordes and of Iohn Maior his booke touching the abuse of spirituall meÌ„s possessions the which both of them do earnestly lament with many moe woordes in the place before alledged where they make mencion of king Dauid his great munificeÌ„ce towards the church But nowe to returne where I left touching the historie ye shall note that as I sayde before king Dauid had by his wife Mauld inheritour to parte of Northumberland Cumberland and Huntington a sonne named Henry who maried the Erle of Warrannes daughter Earle of Waranne a lady of high parentage as discended of most noble bloud both French and English The issue of Henry On whom he begat three sonnes Malcolme William and Dauid also three daughters Adhama Margaret Maulde But now in the meane time whilest the astate of the common wealth in Scotland stood in high felicitie vnder the prosperous gouernmeÌ„t of king Dauid Queene Mauld deceasseâ— there happened to him an heauie losse for the Queene his wife the foresayd Mauld deceassed in hyr flourishing age a woman of passing beautie and chastitie whiche two poynts as is thought commende a woman aboue all the rest King Dauid therefore tooke suche griefe for hyr death that he woulde neuer after giue his minde to marie any other but passed the residue of his life without companie of all women She was buried in Scone in the yeare of our lorde God .1132 1132. Whilest these things came thus to passe in Scotland Henry Beauclerke king of England caused all the nobles of his realme to take theyr othes that after his deceasse they should receyue his daughter Mauld the Empresse for their soueraine Ladie and Queene Mauld the Empresse She was as then returned into England for hyr husbande the Emperoure was lately before deceassed King Dauid also tooke this othe King Stephan and therefore when king Stephan who vsurped the crowne of England after king Henries deceasse against the saide Empresse sent vnto king Dauid to come and to do his homage for the Erledomes of Northumberlande Homage is required Cumberlande and Huntington according as by his tenure he was bounde to do with intimation that if he refused king Stephan woulde inuade him with open warre King Dauid answeared that he
to coÌ„quer y e crowne by force made great slaughter on all them that withstoode his desire And bicause his brother reproued his dooings he put out his eyes and cut off his handes Against this Gilbert was Gilcrist sent with awarâ—… 〈◊〉 for the king Gilberte himselfe escaped and got ouer into the yle of Man fled from thence into Ireland Wilhelmus Paruus Wilhelmus Paruus reporteth this matter somewhat otherwyse as thus In the armie of king William saith he when he was taken nere vnto Anwike were two brethren Gilberte and Vared that were lordes of Galloway hauing there with them a greate retinue of their countreymen These were the sonnes of Fergusius sometyme lorde of that Prouince after whose decease the kyng of Scottes that is superiour lord therof deuided the countrey betwixt these two brethren but Gilbert the eldest brother found him selfe muche grieued to haue any parte of those landes whiche were his fathers gyuen from him but yet doubting punishment at the kings handes he durste not attempt any thing against hys brother till it fortuned the king to be taken And then deliuered of the feare which had stayed his mischeuous purpose he taketh his brother at vnwares and cruellye murthered hym after no common manner but rather martyred hym in beastly wyse so to satisfie the instincte of his diuellishe nature And immediatlye after inuading the vpper countreyes he exerciseth greate slaughter of men on eche â—…ande But his brother had a sonne called Rowlande whiche prouing a valiant yong Gentleman boldly resisted his vncles rage with the assistance and ayde of his fathers friendes And thus was Scotlande brought into trouble as Wilhelmus Paruus recordeth til by the foresayd Gilcrist the murderer was expulsed as before is expressed In the yeare following Hugh cardinall of Sainct Angelo the Popes legate came Hugo Cardinall of Saincte Angels as Legate from the Pope into England with authoritie to reforme the Englishe Churches in suche cases as were thoughte requisite And after hee had made an ende there to doe the like in Scotlande When he had therfore finished with Englande The bishops of Scotlande summoned to a conuocation at Northampton hee cited all the bishoppes of Scotlande to appeare before hym at a day prefixed at Northamton They came according to his appointment and being assembled there in consistorie he wente about in most ernest wise to persuade them to receiue the Archbishop of Yorke for their metropolitane but one Gilbert a yong man howebeit singularly well learned and for his holynesse of lyfe much commended as Hector Boetius writeth being sent of purpose by king William vnto this Conuocation Gilbert a lerned man defended the liberties of Scotland to foreseee that nothing were concluded in the same preiudiciall to the auncient liberties and francheses of the realme of Scotlande did argue so stiffly to the contrary that the Cardinal left off the pursute of such maner of matter and brake vp that councel withoute determination of any thing to the purpose in that behalfe This Gilbert that thus defended the cause liberties of the Scottishe Clergie was afterwarde made Bishoppe of Cathnes Gilbert bishop of Cathnes and finally after hys departure oute of thys transitorie lyfe registred for his supposed perfect holynesse of lyfe amongst the number of sainctes The chiefest cause that moued the Scottishe Clergie to withdrawe their obedience from the primarie of Yorke was the dissention and continuall enimitie betwixt the two nations for superioritie in temporall causes The same yeare y t this councel was holden at NorthamptoÌ„ sundry vnketh wonders wer seene in Albion Wonders On Midsommer day being the feast day of the Natiuitie of Sainte Iohn the Baptist Hayle there fell suche a storme of haile that it killed manie shepe and smal cattel people that wer out of houses and from vnder couert any where abroade were beaten to the earth with violence of that storme The sun darkned The sunne in September aboute noonetide â–ª was darkned for the space of two houres together without any eclipse or cause natural by interposition of clowdes Thunder In Yorkshire was so terrible thunder wyth straunge lyghtening that many abbeys churches were consumed with the fyre The foundatioÌ„ of the abbey of Arbroth or Aberbrothok About this season the abbey of Arbroth was buylt in most magnificent wyse and endowed with landes and reuenues in suche ample sorte that fewe houses within the boundes of Albion might compare therwith The Churche was dedicated in the yeare of grace .1178 by king William 1178. in honor of Thomas Becket archbishop of Cantorburye with whome as is sayd he had greate familiaritie in tyme of his yong yeares The abbey or Nâ—…nrie of Hadington founded The same time the abbey of Hadington was founded by Adhama the mother of kyng William and shortly after she had buylt it she dyed Not long after king William sente as Ambassadours Iohn Bishop of saint Andrews Ambassadours to the Pope and Reignalde Abbot of Arbroth vnto Pope Alexander the thirde to presente vnto him his obeysance according as he thought stoode with hys duetie A rose of gold The Pope seeming to reioyce thereat sente shortly after vnto the king a Rose of gold filled with balme and certaine newe priuiledges concerning the libertie of the Church of Scotlande Gilcrist murthereth his wyfe vpon suspition of adulterie The same tyme Gilcrist hauing his wyfe in suspition of adulterie droue hir out of doores and afterwards strangled hir in a village called Manys not past a myle from Dundee The kings indignation against Gilcrist The king for that she was his sister took such indignation therewith that he seized vpon al his landes and goodes purposing to haue put hym to death if he myght haue got him into his handes but when he sawe he coulde not be founde hee proclaymed hym traytour Gilcrist proclaimed traytour and rased hys Castell wherein hee had dwelled quite to the grounde in suche wyse that vneth remayneth any token at this day where it stoode This Gilcrist had a brother that hight Bredus Bredus the brother of Gilcrist who before this mischance had got the landes of Ogiluie of whome the house of the Ogiluies tooke their beginning The house of the Ogiluies that after came to greate authoritie in the Courte though at this tyme throughe Gilcristes offence his whole familie was neere hande destroyed Aboute this tyme also the Queene kyng William his wyfe deceassed A daughter whiche he had by hir named Adhama The earle of Laon. he gaue in maryage vnto the Earle of Laon But he he himself after the decease of this his fyrst wyfe maryed Ermengard Emengard 1186. daughter to Richarde Vicount of Beaumount that was sonne to a daughter of king William the conquerour By this mariage and aliance The peace coÌ„firmed with Englande the peace was newly confirmed betwixte England and Scotlande in
qualifiyng of sundry griefes as experience hath oft conffirmed The like vertues haue the other two but not in such measure and degrée and therefore their operation is not so spéedily perceyued The fourth and last place of our Bathes is a Citie in Sommerset shire which taketh his name of y e hote waters thereto be séene vsed At the first it was called Cairbledud not Cair Bledune as some woulde haue it for that is the olde name of y e auncient castel at Malmesbury which the Saxons named Yngleburne Ptolomy afterwaâ—…de called it Therme other Aquae solis but nowe it hight generally Bathe in Englishe vnder that name it is likely to coÌ„tinue The city of it self is a very auncieÌ„t thing no doubt as may yet appeare by dyuers notable antiquities ingraued in stone to be séene in the walles thereof And first of all betwéene the south gate and the west and betwixt the west gate and the north The first is the antique heade of a man made all flatte with great lockes of heire much like to the coine that I haue séene of Antius the Romaine The seconde betwéene the south the north gate is an ymage as I take it of Hercules for he helde in each hand a serpent so doth this Thirdely there standeth a man on foote with a sworde in his one hand a buckler stretched out in the other There is also a braunch that lyeth foulded wrethed into 〈◊〉 like to the wrouth of Aâ—…cimedon There are more ouer two 〈◊〉 Images wherof the one 〈…〉 the other beside sundrye antique 〈◊〉 with 〈◊〉 heire a greye hounde 〈◊〉 and aâ—… hys tayle certeine Romainâ—… 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 beâ—â—ced that no man liuing 〈…〉 this present There is 〈…〉 ymage of Lacâ—â—n inâ—…ironeâ—… with two serpents an other inscripâ—…ion and all thâ—…se betwéene the south and the west gates as I haue sayd before Now betwéene the west north gate are two inscriptions of which some 〈◊〉 are euident to be red the residue are 〈◊〉 defâ—…ced There is also y e ymage of a naked man a stone in like sort which hath cupâ—…dines et labruscas intercurrentes a table hauing at eche hand an ymage vâ—…ned 〈◊〉 florished both aboue beneath Finally sauing 〈◊〉 I sawe afterwarde the ymage of a naked man grasping a serpent in eache hand there was an inscription of a tombe or buriall wherein these wordes did plainely appeare vixit annos xxx but so defusedly written that letters stoode for whoâ—…e wordes and two or thrée letters combined into one Certes I will not saye whether these were set into the places where they nowe stande by the Gentiles or brought thither from other 〈◊〉 of the towne it selfe placed afterwarde in those walles in their necessary repâ—â—ations But howsoeuer y e matter standeth this is to be gathered by our hystories that Bladud first buylded that citie there and peraduenuenture might also kindle the 〈◊〉 vaines of purpose to burne continuallye â—…n the honour of Minerua by which 〈◊〉 y e springs thereabout did in processe of 〈◊〉 become hote not vnprofitable for sundry kinds of diseases Indéede the later Pagaâ—â—s dreamed that Mâ—…nerua 〈◊〉 y e chiefe goddes and gouernesse of these waters because of the néerenesse of hir temple vnto the same Solinus addeth furthermore Cap. 25. howe 〈…〉 hâ—…r sayde temple the fire which was continuallye kept did neuer consume into 〈◊〉 sparcles but 〈◊〉 as the embers the roof were colde they â—â—â—gealed into clots of hard stone all which I take to be nothing else theÌ„ the effecte of the aforesayde fyre of the Sulphurous vaine kindled in the earth from whence the waters doe come That these baches or waters are deriued from such the Marchasites stones mixed with some copper and daily founde vpon the mountaynes thereabout will beare sufficient witnesse though I would write the contrary Doctor Turner also the father of English Phisicke and an excellent Diuine supposeth that these springs doe drawe theyr forces from Sulphur or if their be any other thing mingled withall he gesseth that it shoulde be salt peter because he founde an obscure likelyhoode of y e same euen in the crosse Bath But that they participate w t any allume at al he could neuer til his dying day be induced to beleue I myght here if I thought it necessary intreat of y e notable scituation of Bath it self which standeth in a pleasant botome enuironed on euery side wyth great hylles out of the which come so many springs of pure water by sundrye wayes vnto the Citye and in such abundance as that euery house is serued with the same by pypes of leade the said metall being the plentious and lesse of value vnto them because it is had not far of from these quarters It should not be amysse also to speake of y e foure gates number of parish churches bridges religious houses dissolued and their founders if place doe serue therefore but for so much as my purpose is not to deale in this behalfe I will omit the mention of these thinges and go in hand wyth the Bathes themselues whereof in thys chapiter I protested to intreate Crosse Bath There are two springes of water as Lelande sayth in the west south west part of the towne whereof the biggest is called the crosse Bath of a certeine crosse that was erected sometime in the middest thereof This Bath is much frequented by such as are diseased with leapry pockes scabbes great aches yet of it selfe it is very temperate pleasaunt hauing a leuen or twelue arches of stone in the sydes thereof for men to stand vnder when rayne doth oughts annoy them Common Bathe The common Bathe or as some call it the hote Bathe is two hundreth foote or ther about from the crosse Bathe lesse in coÌ„passe within the wall then the other and with only seauen arches wrought out of the mayne inclosure It is worthily called y e hote Bath for at the first comming into it men thinke that it would scald their flesh and lose it froÌ„ the bone but after a season and that the bodyes of the commers thereto be warmed thorowlye in the same it is more tollerable easie to be borne Bothe these Bathes be in the middle of a little streate and ioyne to S. Thomas Hospitall so that it maye bée thought that Reginalde Byshop of Bathe made his house néere to these comon Baths onely to succour such poore people as shoulde resort vnto them Kinges Bathe The Kings Bathe is very faire and large standing almost in the middle of the towne at the west ende of the Cathedrall Church It is compassed about with a very high stone wall and the brimmes thereof are mureâ—… rounde about where in be two an thirtie arches for men and women to stande in seperately who beyng of y e gentry for the most part doe resort thither indifferently but not in such lasciuious sort 〈…〉 as vnto other Bathes
therto agreeable nor induce the souldiours to admit him they hauing already established his sonne he began to deuyse wayes howe to assure the state more strongly to his sayde sonne and hearyng that his sonne in law Constantine was mynded to come into Italy against him he purposed to practise Constantines destruction in somuch that it was iudged by this which folowed â—…issimulation y t Herculeus Maximinus did but for a colour seme to mislyke with that whiche his son Maxentius had done to the ende he might the sooner accomplishe his entente for the dispatching of Constantine oute of the waye Herevpon as it were fleing out of Italy â—…anulphus â—…estrensis he came to Constantine who as then hauing appointed lieutenants vnder him in Britayn remayned in France and with all ioy and honor that mighte bee receiued his father in lawe the which being earnestly bent to compasse his purpose Fausta the daughter of Maximinus vvife to Constantine made his daughter Fausta priuie therto whiche ladie either for feare least the concealyng therof might turne hir to displesure either else for the entier loue whiche she bare to hir husbande reueled hir fathers wicked purpose Wherevpon whilest Constantine goeth about to be reuenged of suche a trayterous practise Herculeus fleeth to Mersiles Marsiles purposing there to take the sea and so to retire to his sonne Maxentius into Italye But ere he coulde get away from thence he was stangled by commaundemente of his sonne in lawe Constantine Maximinus slayne An. Chri. 311. and so ended his lyfe whiche he had spotted with many cruell actes as well in persecutyng the professour 〈◊〉 the Christian name as others In this mean time had Maximinus adopted one Licinius to assiste hym in gouernaunce of the empire Licinius chosen fellovv vvith Maximianus in the empire proclayming hym Cesar So that nowe at one selfe tyme Constantine gouerned Fraunce and the weast partes of the Empire Maxentius helde Italy Affrike and Egypte And Maximinus whydhe lykewyse had but elected Cesar ruled the Easte partes and Licinius Illyrium and Grecia But shortly after the Emperoure Constantine ioyned in league with Licinius and gaue to him his sister in marriage named Constantia for more suretie of faithfull friendship to endure betwixt them He sent him also against Maximinus who gouerning in the East parte of the Empire purposed the destruction of Constantine and all his partakers but being vanquished by Licinius at Tarsus he shortly after dyed being eaten with lice Constantine after this was called into Italy to deliuer the Romaynes and Italians from the tyrannie of Maxentius whiche occasion so offered Constantine gladly accepting passed into Italy and after certaine victories gote againste Maxentius at length slewe him And after this when Maximinus was dead whiche prepared to make warre againste Licinius that hadde married Constantia the sister of Constantine hee finally made warre against his brother in lawe the sayde Licinius by reason of suche quarrels as fell out betwixt theÌ„ In the whiche warre Licinius was putte to the worse and at length comming into the handes of Constantine was put to deathe so that Constantine by this meanes gote the whole Empire vnder his rule and subiection Hee was a greate fauorer of the Christian Religion in somuche that to aduance the same hee tooke order for the conuerting of the Temples dedicated in the honors of Idols vnto the seruice of the true and Almightie God Hee commaunded also Christians honoured cherished that none should be admitted to serue as a Souldiour in the warres excepte hee were a Christian nor yet to haue rule of any countrey or armie Hee also ordeyned the weeke before Easter and that whiche folowed to be kept as holy and no person to doe any bodily workes during the same He was muche counsailed by that noble most vertuous ladie his mother the Empresse Helene Polydore The prayse of the Empresse Helenae the whiche being a godly and deuoute woman did what in hir laye to moue him to the setting foorth of Gods honour and encrease of the christian faith wherein as yet he was not fully instructed Some writers alledge that she beeing at Ierusalem 320. made diligent searche to finde out the place of the Sepulchre of our Lorde and at length founde it thoughe with muche adoe for the infidels had stopped it vp and couered it with a heape of filthie earth and buylded alofte vpon the place a chappell dedicated to Venus where yong women vsed to sing songes in honoure of that vnchaste Goddesse Helene caused the same to be ouerthrowne and the earth to be remoued and the place clensed so that at length the sepulchre appeared and fast by were founde there buried in the earth .iij. crosses and the nailes but the crosse wherevppon our Sauiour was crucifyed was known by the title written vpon it The Crosse founde though almost worne out in letters of Hebrew greke and Latine the inscription was this Iesus Nazarenus rex Iudaeorum It was also perceyued which was that Crosse by a miracle as it is reported but how truly I can not tell that shuld be wrought thereby For being layde to a sicke woman only with the touching therof she was healed It was also sayde that a dead man was raysed from death to lyfe his bodie onely being touched therwith Whervpon Constantine moued with these things forbade that from thenceforth any should be put to death on the Crosse to the ende that the thing which afore tyme was accompted infamous and reprochefull myghte nowe be had in honour and reuerence The Empresse Helen hauing thus found the Crosse buylded a temple there and taking wyth hir the nayles returned with the same to hir son Constantine who set one of them in the crest of his helmet Polidorus an other in the brydell of his horsse and the thirde he castinto the sea to assuage and pacifie the furious tempestes and rage thereof She also brought with hir a parcell of that holy Crosse Polidorus and gaue it to hir sonne the sayd Constantine the whiche he caused to be closed within an Image that represented his person standing vppon a piller in the market place of Constantine or as some late writers haue he caused it to be enclosed in a coffer of golde adorned with ryche stones and Pearles placing it in a Churche called Sessoriana the which church he endued with many great giftes and precious ornamentes Many workes of greate zeale and vertue are remembred by writers to haue bin done by thys Constantine and his mother Helene to the setting foorth of Gods glorie and the aduauncing of the faith of Christe The commendation of Constantine But to be briefe he was a manne in whome many excellent vertues and good qualities bothe of mynde and bodie manifestly appeared chiefly he was a prince of great knowledge and experience in warre and therewith verie fortunate an earnest louer of iustice and to conclude borne
report of his malitious practises to bryng hymselfe and hys sonnes to the chiefe seate of gouernemente in the Kingdome or that of hatred such slaunders were reysed of him it may of some perhappes be doubted bycause that in the dayes of King Edwarde whiche was a soft and gentle Prince hee bare greate rule and authoritie and so mighte procure to himselfe euill report for euery thing that chanced amisse as oftentimes it commeth to passe in suche cases where those that haue greate doyngs in the gouernemente of the common wealthe are commonly euill spoken of and that now and theÌ„ without their gilt But truth it is that Goodwin beeing in authoritie both in the dayes of K. Edward and his predecessors did many thyngs as should appeare by Writers more by will than by law Hen. Hunt and so likewise did his sonnes vpo presumption of the great puissance that they and theyr father were of within the Realme Hee had to wife the sister of K. Cnute Editha of whome hee begate three sonnes as some write that is to saye Polidor Harrolde Biorne and Tostie also his daughter Editha the which he found meanes to bestowe in marriage vpon King Edward as before ye haue heard But other write VVil. Malm. that he had but one sonne by Cnutes sister the whiche in riding of a rough Horse was throwen into the Riuer of Thames and so drowned His mother also was striken with a thunderbolte and so perished worthely as is reported for hir naughty doyings She vsed to buy great numbers of yong persons and namely maides that were of any excellencie in beutie and personage y t which she sent ouer into Denmarke and there sold them to hir most aduantage After hir decesse as the same authours record Goodwin married another woman by whome he had issue sixe sonnes Suanus or Swayne Harrolde Tostie or Tosto Wilnote Gurth and Leofricke of them mention is and shall be further made as places conuenient shall serue thereto Shortly after in the yeare .1057 Aldred Bishop of Worceter was sente ouer vnto the Emperoure Henry the third to fetche Edwarde the sonne of Edmund Ironside into EnglaÌ„d whom King Edwarde was desirous to see meaning to ordeyne him heire apparante to the Crowne but he died the same yere after he was now returned into England Edward the outlaw departed this life This Edward was surnamed the outlawe his body was buryed at Westminster or as other say in y e Church of Saint Paule within London 1056 Leofricke Erle of Chester departed this life Ran. Higd. Mat. VVest The same yeare that is to witte in the seuenteenth or in the sixtenth yeare of King Edwards raigne as some write Leofricke the noble Earle of Chester or Mercia that was sonne to Duke Leofwine departed this life in his owne Towne of Bromeley the last day of August and was buried at Couentrie in the Abbey there which he had builded This Earle Leofricke was a man of greate honor wise and discret in all his doyngs His high wisedome and policie stoode the Realm in great steede whilest he liued He had a noble Lady to his wife named Gudwina at whose earnest sute he made the Citie of Couentrie free of all manner tolle Couentrie made free of tolle and custome except for Horses and to haue that tolle layde downe also his foresaide Wife rode naked through the middest of the Towne without other couerture saue only hir heare Moreouer partly â–ª moued by his owne deuotion and partly by the perswasion of that noble Lady his wife he builded or beneficially augmeÌ„ted and repared many Abbeyes and Churches as the saide Abbey or Priory at Couentrie the Abbeyes of Wenlocke Worceter Stone Eueshame and Leof beside Herford Also he buylded two Churches within the Citie of Chester Churches in Chester built the one called S. Iohns and the other Saint Werbrough The valew of y e iewels and ornaments which he bestowed on the Abbey Church of Couentrie was inestimable After Leofrickes death his sonne Algar was made Earle and entituled in all his landes and Seigniories In the yeare following to witte 1058. H. Hunt Algar Earle of Chester exiled the same Algar was accused again through malice of some enuious persons of treason so that he was exiled the land wherevppon he repared agayne vnto his old friend Griffin Prince of Northwales of whome hee was ioyfully receyued and shortly after by his ayde and also by the power of a nauie of Ships that by chaunce arriued in those parties at that selfe season vnlooked for out of Norway Sim. Dunel the said Algar recouered hys Earledome by force as some haue written King Edward about the twentith yere of his raine 1063 Sim. Dunel Math. VVest as then remayning at Glocester appoynted Earle Harrolde to inuade the Dominions of Griffin King of Wales Harrold taking with him a power of Horsemen made speed and came to Rutland and there brenned Griffins Palace and also his Shippes and then about midlent returned againe into England After this about the Rogation weeke Harrold eftsoones by the Kings commaundemente wente against the Welchmen and taking the Sea sayled by Bristowe round about the coast compassing in maner al Wales His brother Tostie that was Earle of Northumberland met him by appointment with an host of Horsemen and so ioyning togither Wales destroyed and harried by the Englishmâ—â— The Welchmen agree to pay their accustomed tribute they destroyed the countrey of Wales in suche sorte that the Welchmen were compelled to submit themselues to deliuer hostages and conditioned to pay the auntient tribute which before time they had payd And moreouer they renounced their Prince the forenamed Griffin so that he remayned as a banished person and finally about the fifth day of August they slewe him and sent his head to Earle Harrold 1064 VVil. Malm. Sim. Dunel Afterwards King Edward graunted y e rule of Wales vnto Blengent or Blethgent and Riuall Griffins two brethren whiche did homage vnto hym for the same and hadde serued vnder Harrold against their brother the foresaid Griffin There be that write that not onely Griffin but also another of his brethreÌ„ also called Rise was brought to his death by the manfull meanes and politike order of Earle Harrold VVil. Malm. and all the sauadge people of Wales reduced into the forme of good order vnder the subiection of King Edwarde Shortly after Harrold goeth ouer into Normandy Polidor Earle Harrolde chaunced to passe ouer into Normandy whether of happe or of purpose it is harde to define writers varry so much in report thereof Some write that he made earnest suite to King Edward to haue licence to goe ouer to see his brother Wilnote Edmerus and his nephewe Hacun which as yee haue heard were deliuered as pledges to Kyng Edwarde and sente into Normandy to remayne there with Duke William and at length with muche adoe gote leaue but yet he was told
Vespasian Aruiragus is restored again to his former dignitie Aruiragus seeing no other remedie came in vnto Vespasian according to his appoyntment and vpon his submission was pardoned of all his trespasse and placed againe in the kingdome The Cities and good townes also that were partakers in the rebellion were in semblable wyse forgiuen without fining or other indemnitie The Brytaynes are pardoned but yet deliuer newe hostages and so likewise were all the Nobles of the Countrey Howbeeit for the better assuraunce of their loyaltie in tyme to come they delyuered new hostages Their lawes abrogated New lawes Their auncient lawes also were abrogated and the Romain lawes in their place established For the administration of the whiche in euerye prouince was appointed a Romaine iudge to see good orders obserued according to the fourme thereof By which meanes the Brytishe nation eftsoones returned vnto hir former obedience of the Romain Empyre All the winter following Vespasian laye at Yorke making his apprestes agaynste the nexte spring to go against the Scottes and Pictes So soone therefore as the Sommer was come Vespasian setteth forward with his armie and entering into the marches of his enimies hee did put them in such feare that the Pictes were glad to yeeld themselues vnto him a few of the nobles some other except which were withdrawne into Camelon in hope through strength of that town to defend themselues from all assaultes Vespasian being certified therof came and besieged them within the same city Camelon besieged by Vespasian not minding to depart till he had them at his pleasure This siege coÌ„tinued til they within being in daÌ„ger to famish through want of vittailes surrendred themselues with the towne into Vespasians handes Camelon surrendred The kings regal ornaments taken In this towne were founde all the regall ornaments as the crowne and swoorde with other iewels belonging to the kings of the Pictes The swoorde hauing the haft of golde and a purple scabbarde verie fynely wrought and trimmed Vespasian vsed to weare in all the warres wherein he afterwardes chaunced to bee in hope I cannot tell of what good successe and lucke to follow thereof The Pictish Lordes which were within Camelon were commaunded to deliuer pledges and after liceÌ„ced to depart without any other domage Vespasian himselfe remayning at Camelon Camelon peopled with Romaines tooke order for the peopling of the towne wyth Romaines graunting them the vse of the libertyes and priuileges which the Romaines inhabiting in Rome enioyed Also ouer agaynst the towne vpon the banke of the Ryuer of Carone he buylded a Temple Iulius Hoff. This was as Colchester as the British and English wryters do gesse in honour of the Emperour Claudius wherein he sette vp two Images the one representing Claudius and the other the Goddesse Victoria Whilest he was thus occupied tidings came to him Caratake assemble thâ—… as armie that Caratake king of the Scottish men had assembled in Galloway a great armie of Scottes Pictes and Brytaynes in purpose to come agaynst the Romaines to reuenge the last ouerthrow Whervpon Vespasian with al speede sent forth a strong power vnder the leading of Aulus Planctius to encounter the enimies Planctius sent forth with an armie agaynst Caratake Dyuerse of the Brytaynes and Pictes which as yet had not submitted themselues were put in such dread through brute of this ouerthrow that immediately therevpon they came in and yeelded themselues vnto Vespasian The people of Galloway submit themselues to the Romaines And in semblable wise the people of Galloway vtterly dyspayring longer to defende theyr Countrey agaynst Planctius who was nowe entered into their confines and had taken the Citie of Carricke offered to become subiectes vnto the Romaines which they might neuer be brought vnto before that tyme. These newes being certified vnto Vespasian by a Purceuaunt he rode streight wayes vnto Carrike and there receyued the othes of the nobles and other the inhabitants of the countrey Ambassadors sent vnto Caratake That done he sent Ambassadours vnto Caratake to trie if he might perswade him by any meanes to become friende vnto the Romaine Empyre in acknowledging some maner of subiection therevnto but this deuise was to small purpose Caratake vtterly refuseth to become a subiet for Caratake was determined rather to ende hys lyfe as a free Scottishe man in defence of libertie than to become thrall vnto any forrayne Nation in hope to liue long tyme in seruitude doubting least if he came any wayes forth within the daunger of the Romaines they woulde vsurpe the whole dominion vnto themselues Whose mynde when Vespasian vnderstood by his answer made to the Ambassadours which were sent vnto him he was minded to haue gone with an armie vnto Dunstafage where Caratake lay but that he was infourmed what daungerous passages he must marche through all full of desart Mountaynes bogges and quauenyres without any prouision of vitailes or forrage to be found by all the way as the army should passe Leauing therefore this enterpryse hee caused so many vesselles to be assembled as coulde bee prouided on all partes purposing to haue passed ouer into the Isle of Man into the which there were gotten togither a great sort of Brytaynes and Pictes that had escaped the Romaines handes But this iourney was also broken by an other incident The Isle of Wight rebelleth for euen the same tyme newes were broughte that the Brytaynes of the Isle of Wyght with the Kentish men and diuerse other the inhabitantes vppon the South coast were reuolted and had slaine diuerse Romaines which lay in garisons in those partes Vespasian therefore mynding to cure thys wounde ere it should throughly â—…ester Vespasian appeaseth the Rebelles hasted thither with al speed with little adâ—… pacifying the rebelles caused the chiefe offenders to be punished in his respect according to their deserts After this ouerthrowe the warre was continued for a two yeares space by rodes and incursions made one vppon another in the confines of Kyle and Galloway In whiche meane tyme Planctius fell sicke of the Flixe whiche styll continuing wyth hym â—…lanctius falâ—â—th sicke brought hym at length in suche case that he was not able to trauayle at all in the publyke affayres of hys offyce So that hee wrote his Letters vnto the Emperour Claudius signifying vnto him in what case hee stoode and therevpon requyred that some sufficient personage might bee sent to occupie his roome Claudius hauing receyued his Letters and vnderstanding the effect of the same sente one Ostorius Scapula Ostorius Scapula is sent into Brytayne a man of highe lynage and of good experience both in peace and warre to haue the gouernance in Brytayne About the tyme of whose arriuall into Brytayne Aulus Planctius dyeth Aulus Planctius departed out of thys worlde at Camelon where hee then soiourned Hys bodye was burned and according to the vsage of the Romaines in those dayes the ashes were
Ebbes head Saint Ebbes head The Scottes keepe off the Danes from landing Here Camus going about to lande his men was kept off by the stout resistāce of the Scots there assembled for the same intent Camus then plucking vp sayles directed his course vnto the Isle of Sketh where riding at an anker for the space of one moneth abiding for some prosperous winde at lēgth when the same came once about Camus with his army landeth at the Redbrayes he passed from thence vnto the Redbrayes called in latine Rubrum promontorium there landed his whole army before the countrey coulde be gathered to resist him Camus being once landed got him to the next hill and beholding the ruines of the towne of Monfros which a few yeares before had bene destroyed by the Danes hee reioyced not a litle for that his chaunce was to come a lande in the selfe same place where the Danes had earst vanquished their enimies hoping of like lucke in this his enterpryse and present expedition After this Camus marcheth through Angus he tooke his iourney through Angus sparing no maner of crueltie that might be deuised Cities Townes villages Churches with all maner of other buildings publike and priuate were consumed with fire The crueltie of the Danes ▪ At his coming to Brechyn for that the castel there in those dayes was of suche strength that it might not be hastely wone The towne church of Brechyn destroyed he caused the towne and churche being right fayre and sumptuously builde in honour of the trinitie to whom it was dedicate to be spoyled so rased to the earth that one stone was not left standing vpon an other With these and the semblable cruelties Camus raging both against God mā was finally aduertized that king Malcolme was come to Dundee with all the power of Scotland Then sodenly he tooke the next way towards the sea side cōming the day next following vnto a village called Basbrid where he pitched downe his tentes King Malcolme hasteth forewarde to fight with the Danes The same day king Malcolme making all hast possible to suce◅ur his subiects and preserue the countrey frō the cruel outrage of the Danes came to the towne of Barre twoo litle miles frō the place where his enimies were encamped In the mornyng he drew into the field in purpose to giue them bataile Malcolmes o◅ation But before he arrayed his batayles he called his nobles captains togither desiring them to consider how they should match in fight against people blinded with vile auarice liuing on the spoyle pillage got by theeuery not by any iust warres enimies not onely to the Christian faith but also vnto all innocēt people whom they sought vniustly to inuade without hauing occasiō so to do saue only vpon an iniurious meaning to liue by reif of other meanes goodes wherin they haue no maner of propertie ▪ He willed them therefore to remember how they were come thus against those enimies in defenes of theyr natiue countrey appointed vndoubtedly by God to reuenge the cruell iniuries done by the Danes against his name and people that professed the same They ought not then to measure force in number of souldiers but rather in manhood and valiancie of harte Camus likewise exhorted his people Camus exhorteth his Danes not vsing many woords but yet pithie desiring thē to remember how it behoued them either to winne immortall fame by victorie either els to die with miserie in an vncouth lande by the hand of their most fierce and cruell enimies Herewith Malcolme enbatayling his people brought them foorth strongly raunged in good order to encoūter the Danes which likewise approched towards him in good array of battell his harte was filled the more with hope of victorie for that he had tried sundry times before y e force of the enimies in diuers cōflicts encoūters The nature of valiaunt hartes and noble stomakes For such is the nature of noble valiāt stomakes the more experience they haue in honorable enterprises the more are they kindled in desire to shewe their prowes in famous actes worthy attēpts The armies herevpon on both sides fiercely rushing togither A bloudy batayle began the battell right cruell terrible continuyng certaine houres with suche bloudshed that the riuer of Lochtee ranne with a purple hue downe into the Almayne seas The fields also where they fought though they were full of sande as the nature of the soyle giueth yet were they made moyst by the aboundance of bloude spilled in the same Many there were so earnestly bent to be reuenged on the enimie that after they had their deaths wound they would runne thēselues foreward vpō the aduersaries weapō till they might close with him enforcing their vttermost powers to dispatch him also so that diuers were seene to fall to the ground togither fast grasping one another so immediatly both of them to die withall such brenning hatred kindled theyr harts that thus were they wholy set on reuenge Malcolme winneth the field At length yet the honor of y e field remayned w t Malcolme Camus perceiuing the discōfiture to light on his side with a smal cōpanie about him Camus's slaine thought to haue escaped by flight vnto y e next moūtains but being pursued of his enimies he was slayne by them ere he was got .ij. miles frō the place of the bataile The place where he was slayne is named after him vnto this day called Camestone An Obeliske where is an Obeliske set vp in memory of the thing with his picture grauen therein and likewise of those that slewe him The principal flear of Camus was one Keith The house of Keithes aduaunced to honour a yong gentelman of right hardy courage whose seruice in the batayle was very notable in recompence wherof he was rewarded by K. Malcolme with sundry lands and fayre possessions in Louthian His family saith Hector Boetius hath and doth continue in great honour amongst Scottishmē euen vnto this day and is decorated with the office of the Marshalship of Scotland to the high renowme and fame thereof amongst the chiefest peeres of the realme Danes slaine at Adirlemnon An other companie of the Danes fleing from this ouerthrow were slayne at Adirlemnon not past .iiij. miles from Brechyn where is set vp a great stone or Obeliske grauen with certayne characters or letters to aduertise them that passe that wayes forth of this slaughter of Danes there made by our worthy elders The residue of the Danes that escaped with life from the fielde hauing certaine Scottishmen to theyr guydes corrupted w t monie fled to theyr ships declaring to their fellowes what mishap had for◅med King Malcolme after he had obtayned this famous victorie as before is sayde at Barre The deuiding of the spoyle he caused the spoile of the field to be deuided amōgst his souldiers according to the lawes of
armes and then caused the dead bodies of the Danes to be buried in the place where the fielde had bene fought and the bodies of the Scottishmē which were found dead were conueyed vnto places of Christian buriall and there buried with funerall obsequies in sundry churches churchyardes Bones of Danes There are seene many bones of the Danes in those places where they were buried there lying bare aboue groūd euen vnto this day the sandes as if often chaunceth being blowen from them The other Danes whiche escaped to their ships pulled vp sayles to haue passed into Murrayland vnto Olauus but remayning on the seas the space of .iiij. dayes togither tossed to and fro by contrary windes at length by a streyneable east winde they were driuen vpon the coast of Buckquhan and through wante of conuenable her brough were in present daunger to haue bene cast away At length after they had ridden at anker in the Fyrth there to their great displeasure along space and finding no prosperous windes to departe from the shore for that theyr vitayles began to fayle them they set fiue hundred of their best and lustiest souldiers on land to fetch in some bootie or pray of ca◅ayle therewith to re◅ue their hūger famine They that were thus sent forth being perfectly appoynted with armour and weapon ranged abrode till they had got togither a great number of beastes with the whiche drawing towardes their shippes they were encountred by the way by Marnachus the Thane of Buchquhane accompanied with the power of that countrey Marnachus Thane of Buchquhane whose force when they saw how they were not well able to resist without some aduantage of place they got them vp into an high cragge where with tūbling downe stones vpon the Scottishmen as they mounted vp towardes them they caused them somewhat to stay but at length through the earnest exhortation of Marnachus the Scots as people enflamed with wood desire to be reuenged mounted the hill in despite of theyr enimies though diuers of them were slayne in that assault Those whiche wanne the height of the cragge vpon the Danes made suche a cruell batayle with them that there was not one Dane that escaped their handes Danes slaine neare vnto Gemmer This conflict was fought neare vnto Gemmer a village or towne in Buchquhan where in memorie thereof lie many greate bones of the Danes to be seene yet euen vnto these dayes It should appeare by the same bones that men in former time were of more huge bowke and stature than they be at this present The other Danes which were on ship borde vnderstanding what had happened to their fellowes bicause they returned not againe to the shippes so soone as the winde came aboute for their purpose hoysed vp sayles and tooke theyr course foorth right towardes Murraylande In the meane time king Sueno hearing of these ouerthrowes whiche his people had in such sort receyued at the Scottishmens handes as a prince of a right haulte courage not lightly ouercome with any aduerse fortune made preparation in all speedy wise to be reuenged Sueno prepareth the third time to inuade Scotland appointing his brother Canute as then hauing the administration of Denmarke to come from thence with a newe fleete and army against the Scots ▪ Canute brother vnto Sueno appointed generall to come against the Scottes It is sayd that this Canute according to order prescribed him by his brother Sueno landed first in Buchquhane and destroyed a great parte of that countrey by fire and sworde in reuenge of the slaughter of his countrey men the Danes whiche had bene there made lately before Malcolme sore kindled in wrath by these iniuries though through cōtinuance of the warres his power was greatly decayed yet did hee assemble an army with all speede he could deuise marched with the same towardes the Danes King Malcolmes determination in purpose to stay them with often skirmishes and light encounters but in nowise to ieoparde with them in any pight field or generall bataile for feare least if he had the ouerthrow he shoulde not be able to furnish a new power for defence of his countrey against the rage of the enimies On the morow after when it was vnderstoode on bothe parties what losse they had sustayned their mindes were conuerted rather to peace than to renewe batayle bicause they were not of power longer to maintaine it Peace concluded for want of power to maintayne batayle Whervpon by mediation of such as tooke vpon them to treat a peace the same was concluded with these articles First that the Danes shoulde departe out of Murrayland Buthquhan The articles of the peace betwixt Danes and Scottishmen all other the bounds of Scotland That the warres shoulde clearely ceasse betwixt the Danes and Scottishmen during the naturall liues of Sueno and Malcolme or eyther of them That neither of those two nations shoulde ayde or in any wise supporte the others enimies That the fielde where the last batayle was fought should be hallowed for Christian burial within the whiche the Danes that were slayne in the same batayle should be buried a churche to be builte there and landes appointed forth for the maintenance of priests to celebrate there according to the order of the Christian religiō then vsed by both the people for the Danes lately before that season had also receyued the faith The holdes in scotland deliuered vp by the Danes into the scottishmens handes This peace being ratested by the solem othes of both the kings Sueno and Malcolme Canute with his Danes resigning vp the possession of such holdes and places as they held in Murrayland Buchquhan or els where within any parte of the Scottish dominions got him to his fleete Canute returneth into Dēmarke departed with the same home into Denmarke King Malcolme hauing thus restored his countrey vnto ioyfull peace thought nothing so good as to performe the articles of the agreemēt accorded betwixt him and the Danes and therfore caused a Churche to be builded in the place appointed A Churche buylded dedicating the same in honour of S. Olauus patrone of Denmarke and Norway to signifie vnto such as came after that sundry nobles of the Danes lay buried in that Church In memory hereof the landes that were giuen to the same Churche are called euen yet vnto these dayes Crowdan Crowdan what it signifieth which signifieth as much as if ye should say The slaughter of Danes The Church which was firste builded there chauncing as often happeneth in those parties to be ouercast with sandes an other was erected in place not farre off hauing a more commodious site Bones of Danes Sundry of the bones of them that were buried in this place being left bare by reason that the sandes were blowen away besides them Hector Boetius the wryter of the Scottish chronicle behelde in the yeare .1521 whiche seemed more lyke vnto Giants bones than
were vsed in those dayes he was highly rewarded at the kings handes and euer after named Skrimgeour Skrimgeour that is to meane an hardie fighter He had also his armes encreased with a rampaunt Lion holding a crooked sword as is to be seene in the armes of his posteritie vnto this day Other there be that say he got the surname of Skrimgeour bycause he slue an English man in a singular combate The principall of this surname in our time helde the Constableship of Dundee bearing in hys armes a crooked Sworde in fashion of an hooke After that king Alexander had appeased the intestine commotions thus within his Realme The Abbey of Scone he set in hande to repayre the Abbey of Scone wherein he placed regular Chanons dedicating the Church in the honour of the Trinitie and Saint Michael Not long after this also he chaunced to come into Saint Colmes Inche Saint Colmes ynche where he was constrayned to abide three dayes togither through violent rage of weather and tempestes and bycause he founde some reliefe of meate and drinke by meanes of an hermit that dwelled within the same Inche and kept a Chappell there dedicate to Saint Colme he made of that Chappell an Abbey of regular Chanons The Abbey of Saint Colm◅ ynch builded in the honor of saint Colme endowing it with sundrie landes and tents for the maintenance of the Abbot and conuent of that house He also gaue vnto the Church of Saint Androwes the landes called the Boarrinke Landes named the Boarrink so named for that a great Boare was slain vpon the sayde grounde that had done much hurt in the Countrey thereabout Boare tuskes The tuskes of this Boare doe hang in Chaynes vppon the stalles of the Quier in Saint Androwes Church afore the high aulter and are a .xvj. ynches in length and foure ynches in thicknesse Moreouer the Abbey of Dunfirmling was finished by king Alexāder The Abbey of Dunfirmling and endowed with sundrie landes and possessions Whilest king Alexander was thus occupied in buylding and repayring of religious houses Dauid brother to king Alexander his brother Dauid liued in Englande with hys sister Queene Maulde and through fauor which the king hir husbande bare towardes him he obteyned in maryage one Maulde Woldosius Earle of Northumberland Huntingtō daughter vnto Woldosius or rather Waltheof Earle of Huntington and Northumberland begot of his wife the ladie Iudith that was neece vnto king William y e Conquerour for y t the sayd Woldosius or Waltheof had no other issue to inherite his lands Dauid in right of his wife Mauld enioyed the same The landes of Huntington and Northumberland annexed to the crowne of Scotland and was made Earle of Huntington Northumberland had issue by his wife a sonne named Henrie by whom the lands of Huntington some part of Northūberland were annexed vnto the crown of Scotlād as after shal appeare Mauld the daughter of king Henrie Beauclerke was maried vnto Henrie the Emperor the fourth of that name William Richard Eufeme the residue of y e issue which the same Henry had by his wife surnamed for hir singular bounteousnesse the good Queene Matilde in comming forth of France to repasse into England perished in the sea by a tempest to the great dolour of the king their father and to all other his subiects of eche estate and degree The death of king Alexander Their mother the sayde Maulde was before that time departed out of this life It was not long after but that Alexander deceassed also and was buryed in Dunfermling bysydes hys fathers sepulture in the .xvij. yeare of his raigne complete and from the incarnation of Christ 1125. 1124. H.B. yeares In the dayes of this king Alexander the kynred of the Cummings The beginning of the Cummings had their beginning by one Iohn Cumming a man of great prowes and valiancie obteyning of the king in respect thereof certaine small portions of landes in Scotlande The house of these Cummings rose in proces of time thus from a small beginning to highe honour and puissance by reason of the great possessions and ample reuenues which they afterwardes atteyned At length as often happeneth the importable height of this lynage was the onely cause of the decay and finall ruine thereof as in the sequell of this Hystorie ye may at full perceyue Knightes of the Rodes Also in the dayes of king Alexander the order of knights of the Rodes had their beginning and likewise the order of white Monkes White Monks the authour whereof was one Nodobert Richard de sancto Victore About the same time liued that holye man Richard de Sancto Victore a Scottish man borne but dwelling for the more part of his time at Paris in Fraunce where he dyed and was buryed within the Cloyster of the Abbey of Saint Victor being a brother of the same house This Dauid according to the ensample of his noble Parents set his whole care about the due ministring of Iustice to the honour of almightie God and the weale of his realme He had no trouble by warres with any forraine enimies so long as king Henrie Beauclerke liued Therefore hauing oportunitie of such a quiet time he rode about all the parties of his realme and vsed to sit in hearing of iudgement himselfe specially cōcerning poore mens causes and matters The care of king Dauid for the poore but the controuersies of the Lordes and barrons he referred to the hearing of other Iudges If he vnderstoode that any man were endomaged by any wrongful iudgement he recōpensed the partie wronged A rightuous iudge according to the value of his losse hinderance with the goods of the iudge that pronounced the iudgement Thus in the first yeares of his raigne hee did many things to the aduauncement of the common welth Banketting cheare banished and banished such banketting cheare as was vsed amongst his people after the ensample of the Englishe men perceyuing the same to breede a great weakning and decay of the auncient stoutnesse of stomacke that was wont to remaine in the Scottish nation He buylded the number of .xv. Abbeyes King Dauid built .xv. Abbeyes part of them in the beginning of his raigne before the warres were begon which he had with the Englishe men and part after the same warres were ended The names of those Abbeyes are as followeth Holy Roode house Kelso Iedburgh The names of the Abbeys buylded by king Dauid Melrosse Newbottell Holmecultrane Dundranane Cambuskenneth Kynlois Dunfirmling Holme in Cumberland also two Nunries the one at Carleil the other at north Barwike with two Abbays beside Newcastel y e one of S. Benedicts order and the other of white Monks He erected also foure Bishoprikes within his Realme Rosse Brechin Dunkeld Foure Bishops seas erected in Scotland and Dublane endowing them with riche rentes fayre landes and sundrie
Rome so as it might not bee lawfull from thencefoorth to any that was not of the realme of Scotlande to pronounce sentence of interdiction or excommunicatioÌ„ or otherwise to deale in iudgement of ecclesiastical causes except such one as the Apostolike sea of Rome should specially appoint and send thither with legantine power The date of y e said bul or letters of exeÌ„ption thus obteined was at the Popes palace of Laterane the third Ides of March and first yeare of the saide Pope Clements gouernment Shortly after The death of Henry king of England to wit in the yeare .1198 died Henry king of Englande after whome succeded his seconde sonne Richardâ—… for Henrye his eldest son deceassed before his father King Richard King Richard after his coronation prepared himself to passewith an army into the holy land and therfore made peace with all his neighbors that no trouble shuld follow to his realme by reson of his absence herevpon to kepe the Scots in frendship rather by beneuolence than by feare he rendred into their handes the castels of Roxbuegh The castels of Rosburgh Berwik and Sterling rendred to king William Barwike and Sterlyng And moreouer that parte of Northumberlande whiche hys father had taken from king William when hee tooke him prisoner He also deliuered the Erledomes of Huntingdon and Cumberland but vnder condition that all the castels and boldes within them shoulde be in the keeping of his captains and souldiours suche as he should appoynt He released to king William also the residue of suche summes of money as were due for the foure castels layde to guage ten thousand poundes only excepted which he receyued in hande at that present towards the charges of his iourney When king William had thus receyued hys lands and castels by surrender Erle of Huntington Scottes with king Richard in the holye lande he made his brother Dauid Erle of Huntington who thervpon doing his homage vnto king Richard acording to the olde ordinance deuised by king Malcolme the first weÌ„t with him also in that voyage with fiue hundred Scottishemen or rather fiue thousande as the translator of Hector Boetius hath if no fault be in the printer The siege of Acres Oliuer a scottishmen As the christian armye laye at siege before the citie of Acres otherwise called Acon if chaunced that one Oliuer a Scottishman born was within y e town reteined in seruice amoÌ„gst y e Sarasins for being conuict of felonic in his natiue couÌ„trey he was banished out of the same fled to the Sarasins remaining so long amongst them y t he had lerned their toung very perfectly so that as then fewe knewe what countreyman he was It fortuned that this Oliuer had one of the gates in keping on y e side the towne where was but a single wall without trenches or any other fortification He hapned by some good aduenture to espy amongst y e watch of those y t were of the retinue of Dauid Erle of HuntingtoÌ„ one of his own kinsmeÌ„ named Iohn Durward Iohn Durwarde with whom of long time before he had bin most familiarly acquainted and incoÌ„tineÌ„tly he called vnto y e same Durward desiring vnder assuraÌ„ce to talke with him After certain coÌ„municatioÌ„ for y t this Oliuer had not as yet vtterly in his hart renouÌ„ced y e christian faith he appointed with Durwarde to giue entrie at a certaine houre vnto Erle Dauid Erle Dauid entred the citie Acon to al y e christian army vpon condition y t Erle Dauid wold see him restored again vnto his land heritage in ScotlaÌ„d The houre set Erle Dauid came with a great power of 〈◊〉 to y e gate before rehersed where he was suffred to enter acording to apointmeÌ„t and incontineÌ„tly with great noise and elamour brake into the middest of the citie In the morning betimes king Richard perceiuing the citie thus wonne entred the same shortly after also wan a towre which the Sarasins for a while maÌ„fully defended and thus was the citie of Acres won from the Sarasins chiefly by meanes of the Scottishemen But now touching their returne from this voyage for sith in other places more large mencion is made of such exploites as were atchieued therin I passe ouer to make any loÌ„ger discourse therof in this place ye shall vnderstand y t in that streynable tempest in y e whiche king Richards nauie was dispersed in his coÌ„ming homewardes as in the historie of England is more at large expressed y e ship also that Erle Dauid was in chaunced to be thrown a lande on the coastes of Egypt where being taken prisoner led into Alexandria Erle Dauid taken prisoner He is redemed at length he was redemed by certain merchants of Venice first conueyed vnto Constantinople after vnto Venice where he was bought out redeemed by the English marchants in the end suffred to depart home At his coÌ„ming into Flanders he hyred a vessell at Sluyce He wente to Scotlande therwith to returne into Scotland but beieng lewsed a little off from the shore such a behement tempest sodenly arose that droue him not without great daÌ„ger of life neere to the coastes of Norway and Shetland Here in the middest of this extreme ieopardie as hath bin reported after he had made a vowe to buylde a Churche in the honour of the virgin Mary if he myght escape that daunger of seas A â—â—â—ed at Dundâ—…e he ariued at length in Tay water besyde Dundee not farre from Saint Nicholas Chapell without eyther rudder or tackle The place where he arriued before that time hyghte Alectum but hee as then chaunged the name and called it Dundee The name of Dundee whiche signifieth as though ye should say the gift of God When his brother the king heard that he was returned supposing long tyme before that hee had bin dead he came speedyly vnto Dundee to welcome him home shewing himself most glad of his returne in so muche Procession was holden that hee caused publike processions to be celebrate thorough the realme to giue God thankes that had thus restored his brother home into his countrey Erle Dauid also according as he had vowed A Churche buylte buylded a Church in the field commonly called the Wheate fielde and dedicating it in honour of the virgin Mary made it a parishe churche At a parliamente also holden after thys at Dundee licence was graunted vnto hym to buylde an Abbey in what place it shoulde please hym within Scotlande and to endowe it with landes and rentes as he shoulde thinke good Priuiledges graunted to the towne of Dundee There were also many priuiledges graunted the same time vnto Dundee whiche endure to this daye Erle Dauid not refusing the graunt and beneuolence of the king his brother The abbey of Landoris buylded an abbey called Lundoris for monkes of the order of S. Benet One thing there is much to
pardon for all offences passed of the king they did set him againe at libertie The king 〈…〉 This woman did thus make away hir husband the Earle of Menteith through instigation of an English man called Iohn Russell as by coniectures it was suspected namely for that refusing to marrie with any of the Scottish nobilitie she tooke the said Russell to husband Iohn Russel an English maÌ„ though in estate to be compared with hirs he was iudged a match farre vnmeete and therevpon constrayned to flee with him into Englande shee dyed there in great miserie About this time Pope 〈◊〉 the fourth of that name The feast of Corpus Christi instituted instituted the feast of Corpus Christi to be celebrated eche yeare in the Thursday after Trinitie Sunday The Carmelite Friers came at this tyme into Scotland The first comming of the Carmelite Friers and erected a Chappell of our Ladie without the walles of Saint Iohns towne which the Bishop of Dunkeld appoynted them therein to celebrate their seruice It was also sayde that in this season a Monk of Melrosse was admonished in a dream A part of the holy Crosse founde where he shoulde finde a part of the holy Crosse not farre from Peplis in Louthian enclosed in a Case engrauen wyth the tytle of Saint Nicholas And not farre from the same was lykewise founde a stone Cheste right cunningly wrought and engrauen wherein were founde certaine bones wrapped in silk but whose bones the same were it was not knowne As soone as the case was opened within the which the Crosse was included many myracles were wrought as it was then beleeued King Alexander for deuotion hereof buylded an Abbay in honor of the holy crosse An Abbey buylt in the same place where that peece of the crosse was so found In this Abbay afterwards there were Monks inhabiting of the order of the Trinitie Not long after the two kings of Englande and Scotlande met togither at Warke Castell accompanied with a great number of the nobles and gentlemen of both theyr Realmes As enteruiew Mathew Paris writeth that in the yere 1256 both king Alexander his wife came into England to visite king Henrie whom they found at Woodstocke as in the English chronicle fâ—…rther appareth for the redresse of certaine misorders committed betwixt the borderers Suche reformation also was here deuysed and recompence made on eyther syde that bothe the Realmes continued afterwardes in more perfect tranquilitie for a certayne space than euer was seene in anye Kinges dayes before that tyme. In this season was the Church of Glaskew finished in that perfection as it standes to bee seene at this day right sumptuously buylded for the most parte at the charges of William Byshop of that Sea who lyued not long after the finishing of the sayde worke 1262. In the yeare following whiche was the yeare after the byrth of oure Sauiour 1263. there fell a great dearth through both the realmes of Englande and Scotlande A great dearth by reason of the weate Haruest preceeding so that the corne and graine was quite marred and corrupted before it could be got beside the ground Acho king of Norway Acho King of Norway being informed how the Scottes were thus oppressed with samine and other miseryes by report of them that made the same more than it was in deede supposed to fynde tyme and occasion fytte for hys purpose to subdue them wholy to his dominion Herevpon preparing an armie and fleete of Shippes conuenient for such an enterprise hee landed with the same in the Westerne Iles on Lammas daye otherwyse called Petri Aduincula The westerne Iles vnder subiection of the Danes and Norwegians Those Iles continued vnder subiection of the Norwegians and Danes from King Edgars time vnto the dayes of this Acho. From thence the sayde Acho with a mightie power of his Danes Norwegians came ouer into Aran and Bute which are two Iles only at that time amongest all the residue were vnder the dominion of Scottes But Acho hauing quickly subdued them at his pleasure Acho landed in Albion in hope of more prosperous successe transported his whole armie ouer into Albion landed with the same on the next costes where after he had besieged the Castel of Ayre a certain time The Castel of Ayre besieged and wenâ—â— he tooke the same and began to waste and spoyle all the Countrey there aboutes K Alexanders purpose to enfeeble his enimies force King Alexander beeing sore astonyed with these newes for that he was yong and not able as it was doubted to resyst the force of his enimies enboldned vpon suche frequent victories as they had atchieued thought hest to prolong the time by colour of some treatie for a peace that waye to diminishe the enimyes forte by long soiourning in Campe withoute tryall of anye battayle Herevpon were Ambassadors sent vnto Acho Ambassadors sent to Acho. of the which one amongst them appoynted therto being well languaged and wise at their first comming before him spake in this maner Were it not that our King and Nobles of the Realme by an auncient custome obserued euen from the begynning doe vse fyrst to seeke redresse of all iniuryes receyued The oration of one of the Ambassadors before they offer to bee reuenged with the sworde ye shoulde not nowe beholde Orators sent vnto you to talke of concorde but a mightie armie in ordinaunce of battayle comming towardes you to giue the onset We are of that opinion that we neuer get so muche gaynes by victorie of the enimies no though they haue robbed and spoyled our confines Peace to be preferred before warres but that we account it muche better to haue peace if wee maye haue restitution of wrongs done to vs by some maner of honest meanes For what greater follye may be than to seeke for that by fyre and sworde which may be purchased with fayre and quyet wordes Neuerthelesse when our iust desires and reasonable motions are refused of the enimyes when we finde them not wylling to haue peace Wherefore warres ought to be moued for the obteyning wherof all warres ought to be taken in hande but rather that their onely seeking is to haue warres not respecting the quarell wee are readie to rise wholy togither in reuenge of such coÌ„tempt with all possible speed and violence against our aduersaries The cause of their message We are sent therfore from our King and Soueraigne to enquyre what occasion you haue thus to inuade his Realme and Subiects in violating that peace and league whiche hath beene obserued and kept betwixt vs and your Nation the space of this hundred yeares and not onely to take from him hys two Iles of Bute and Aran but also to inuade the mayne lande of hys Dominions wyth suche crueltie as neyther consideration of age or person seemeth to be had but that women children and feeble olde persons
able to followe anye greate waye in the chase The third bataile of the englishmen vanqu◅hed at Roslyn 1302. Thys victorie fell to the Scottes in manner as before is rehersed vppon Sainct Mathewes daye in the yeare after the byrthe of oure Sauiour .1302 The glorye of thys victorie was greate consydering that thirtie thousand Englishemen well furnyshed and thoroughly appoynted for warre The matter is amplified by the Scottes to the vttermost shoulde be thus in one daye vanquished wyth an handfull of Scottishmen For as theyr Hystories make mention they passed not eyghte thousande at the moste and therefore all menne supposed that it came to passe by the singular fauoure and grace of almyghtie GOD. But yet the Scottes dydde not long enioye the benefytes of so notable a victorie The gret preparation of K. Edward to reade the Scottes For kyng Edwarde hearyng of thys discomfiture of his people at Roslyng gathered a myghtie armye of Englishemenne Gascoynes Irishemen and suche Scottes as tooke hys parte and hauyng all hys furniture and purueyaunce readye bothe by sea and lande he set forwarde with the same to inuade the Scots on eche side The Scottes perceyuyng they were not of puissaunce able to resist his inuasion The Scottes withdraw to their holdes withdrew to their strengthes by meanes wherof the Englishe armie passed through all Scotland The englishe armie passed through Scotland from the South parts to the North. euen from the South partes to the North and found fewe or none to make resistance excepte Wallace and suche as followed his opinion whyche were fledde to the mountaynes and wooddes to eschewe the malice of the Englishmen It is sayde that king Edwarde requyred by a messenger sente vnto thys Wallace King Edward sendeth vnto Wallace that if he woulde come in and be sworne his liege man and true subiecte he shoulde haue at his handes greate Lordshippes and possessions within Englande to mayntayne his porte as was requisite to a manne of righte honourable estate Wallace refuseth the offers of K. Edward But Wallace refused these offers saying that he preferred libertie wyth small reuenues in Scotlande before any possession of landes in Englande were the same neuer so greate consideryng he myght not enioye them but vnder the yoke of bondage The Castell of Sterlyng at the same tyme was in the kepyng of one sir William Vthred knighte who woulde not render it to king Edwarde by any summonaunce or other meanes tyll after three moneths siege he was constrayned to gyue it ouer vnder these conditions The castell of Sterling rendred that all persons being within the castell shoulde departe by safe conduyt with bagge and baggage at their pleasure Neuerthelesse K. Edward caused the said six Williā Vthred to be conueyd to London This Vthred the Scottishe bookes name Olifer wher he remained as prisoner many yeares after Sundry other Castelles were taken by force the same tyme by king Edwarde and all suche as resisted beyng founde within anye of them slayne without mercie or raunsome The castell of Vrquhard taken by force Amongest other the castell of Vrquhard in Murraylande was taken by force and not one lefte alyue that was founde in the same one Gentlewoman only excepted who beyng great with chylde was in that respecte preserued She was the wyfe of Alexander Boyis lord of that house though by reason she was got into poore apparell the Englishmen tooke hir but for some other woman of meaner estate She therefore with hir lyfe saued being suffered to depart got hir ouer into Ireland where she was delyuered of a sonne that was named at the Font stone Alexander the whiche when Scotlād was recouered out of the Englishmēs hands came to king Robert le Bruce requiring him to be restored vnto his fathers heritage being as then in the occupation of other possessors King Robert doubtfull what to doe heerein for he thought it neyther cōuenient that a prince shoulde take landes or possessions from noble menne whyche hadde bene gyuen to them in rewarde of theyr manhoode shewed in defence of the realme neyther iudged hee it reason to keepe hym from his rightfull inheritaunce that hadde loste hys father his friendes and all his whole substaunce in the lyke cause and quarell by iniurie of the common enimies Wherefore to qualifie the matter hee deuysed thys meane he gaue vnto thys Alexander Boyis certayne other landes in Mar nothyng lesse in value consideryng the largenesse and fertilitie than the other of Vrquharde were and willed hym to content hym selfe with those in recompence of suche as belonged to his father to the intent that all parties myght bee satisfied and no man shoulde seeme to haue wrong in being depriued of his rightfull possessions This Alexander Boyis hadde afterwardes hys name chaunged and was called Forbes for that he slewe a Beare in those parties by greate and singular manhoode The beginning of the name of the Forbesses And so the surname of the Forbesses had begynning as descended from hym Scotlande beyng subdewed by the mightye puissaunce of kyng Edwarde he wente aboute to abolyshe all the olde Statutes and aunciente constitutions of the Realme trustyng by that meanes that Scottes lyuyng togyther wyth Englyshemen vnder one vniforme maner of Lawes they shoulde fynally sort themselues to bee of one mynde and opinion as wel touchyng the supreme gouernemente of theyr publyque weale as also in all other thyngs touchyng the frendly societie of lyfe Hee brente all the Chronicles of the Scottyshe Nation with all manner of Bookes Chronicles other bookes brent as well those conteynyng diuine seruice as any other Treatyses of prophane matters to the ende that the memorye of the Scottes shoulde perishe and thereto appoynted greeuous punnishementes for them that shoulde disobeye hys commaundementes herein in keeping any of the sayde bookes vndefaced And he ordeyned also that the Scots shuld occupie church bookes after the vse of Sarum and none other Moreouer he cōpelled al such scottishmen as wer of any singular knowledge in lerning or literature to be resident in Oxford Scottishmen learned commaunded to be resident in Oxforde doubting lest the Scottish nobilitie encreasing in politik prudence by their instructions should seeke to throw off the yoke of bondage Thus king Edward going about as the Scottish writers do report to extinguish the name of Scots together with their rule empire passed through the most part of all the boundes of Scotlande and vppon verye hate whyche he hadde to the Scottishe antiquities at his comming to Camelon he commaūded the round temple standing ouer against the same to be throwne downe which was builded as before is shewed in the honour of Claudius the Emperor The temple of Claudius was at Colchester not in Scotland what soeuer Hector Boetius or ouer dreame thereof and the goddesse Victoria But for that his cōmandemēt was not immediatly put in execution he chaunged his purpose and apointed only
in Boeme 206 line 10 Culene proclaymed Prince of Cumberland 206.28 Culene crovvned King of Scotland 210.68 Culene maketh a solemne vovve to reuenge the murther of King Duffe 209.29 Culene giuen ouer to follovv sensuall lusts 210.78 Culenes auntiente Counselloures forsake the Courte 211.15 Culenes abhominable lecherie passeth the boundes of reason 211. 28 Culene falleth into a filthye disease 211.66 Culene murthered 211.80 Cumberland and VVestmerlande deliuered to the Scottes 195.51 Cumberland assigned to remayne alvvayes to the heyre apparant of Scotland 201.61 Cumberland and VVestmerlande to doe homage to the Kyng of England 203.58 Cumeyn Iohn Earle of Buchquhane sent vvith an army against Gilespy and hys confederates 284. 99 Cumein Iohn Earle of Angus departeth this life 286.22 Culdei vvhy so called in the auntient Scottish tong 83.15 Cumeyn Patricke Earle of Atholl murthered 286.28 Cumeyns and others putte to the horne 287.116 Cumem VValter Earle of Menteth chiefe of that family poysoned 288.33 Cumeine Alexander sente vvith an army into Englande to ayde King Henry against his Barons 294. 43 Cumeine Iohn Lord of Stragoby svvorne liege man to King Edvvard 301.116 Cumein Iohn entreth into Northumberlande vvyth an armye 302. 90 Cumeine Iohn elected gouernour of Scotland 306.59 Cumeine Iohn discomfited by K. Robert at Enueriour 313.102 Cumeine slayne 310.96 Cumeine bevvrayeth the conspiracie to King Edvvard 309.78 Cumeine and Bruce conspire against King Edvvard 309.45 Cumeins letters to King Edvvard intercepted 310.61 Cumein Dauid left Gouernour of Scotland for the Balliol 340.63 Cumeine Dauid slaine in the field 342. 88 Cumein Thomas beheaded 342. line 93 Cumyns and their armye vanquished and slayne 343.10 Custome of setting the sicke and diseased in the streetes 18.56 Custome of Scottes to burne dead bodyes 38.51 Custome of Scottishe souldioures in prouiding themselues of vittayle 196.34 Cutha Cenlines sonne slayne 140. line 45 D. DAcres Lorde VVarden of VVest Marches of England 433.37 Daysie concubine to King Iames the third Dalkeith Castell 458.31 Danes and Norvvegians come to aide the Scottes and Picts 53.38 Danes arriue in Scotland 188.3 Danes apparrell and vveapons 188. 95 Danes ioyne in battayle vvith the Scottes 189.9 Danes vanquished and putte to flight 189.15 Danes giue the onset vppon the Scottes 190.42 Danes put the Scottes to flighte 190. 51 Danes baptised remayne in England 200.19 Danes discomfited by the Englishmen 201.35 Danes and Scottes enter into the English confines 201.67 Danes putte to flighte by the Englishmen 203.15 Danes passe ouer into Irelande 203. 23 Danes procure aide out of Norvvay againste the Englishmen 204. 74 Danes vanquished and chased by the Englishmē Scots 204.104 Danes vanquished and slayne by the Scottes 205 Danes arriue vvith a great armye at Brayes or Read head in Angus 214.61 Danes put to flight by the Scottes and chased 216.62 Danes conclude peace vvith the Englishmen vppon conditions 222. 114 Danes putte the Englishmenne to flight 228.72 Danes appointed to lie in euerye English housholders house 229. line 62 Danish Lieutenāts arriue in Scotlande vvith a nevve supplye of men 230.42 Danes slay the Scottishe Herraldes 230.73 Danes put the Scottes to flighte 231. 60 Danes breake theyr promised faith 232.1 Danes sende for their vviues and children into Denmarke and Norvvay 232.16 Danes and Scottes one afraide of another 232.30 Danes arriue vvyth an armye at Redbrayes in Scotlande 233.66 Danes vvith Camus their Captain ouerthrovven and slaine by the Scottes 234.79 Danes slayne at Abirlemnō 235.8 Danes bones yet to be seene 235. 28. .235 71 Danes slayne that came to sacke Buchquhane 235.67 Danes foyled in fighte by the Scottes 236.56 Danes and Scottes conclude a peace 236.67 Danes ouerthrovv the Scottes at Culros 242.15 Danes ouercome vvyth drinke fall asleepe 242.70 Danes slayne vvithout resistance 242. 86 Danes arriue at Kingcorne vvyth a nevv povver 243.15 Danes vanquished and chased by Makbeth and Banquho 243. line 22 Danes buried at Sainte Colmes Inch. 243.29 Danes and Scottes conclude a peace 242.33 Danish fleete brent 56.29 Dansvvinton Castell 473.44 Danishe nobilitie flee into Bervvike 193.18 Danes in Bervvike deliuered to the Scottes and slaine 193.25 Danes put to flighte and chased 193. 69 Dardan made K. of Scottes 45.62 Dardan falleth into all kynde of vices 46.11 Dardan beheaded 46.35 Darcy Arthure Knighte sente to the borders 441.82 Dury George made Abbotte of Dunfermeling 445.82 Darcie Anthony a French knighte commeth into Scotland to seeke feares of armes 413.89 Dauid brother to King Alexander marrieth Maude daughter to VVoldofius or VValtheof Earle of Huntington and Northumberland 262 10◅ Dauid made Earle of Huntington and Northumberland 262. line 108 Dauid the firste created Kyng of Scotland 263.50 Dauids too muche liberalitie to the Church reproued 264.40 Dauid a sore 8. for the Crovvne 264. 64 Dauid inuadeth Northumberland vvith an army 266.5 Dauid falleth sicke 267.106 Dauid dyeth 268.4 Dauids life an example of godlye liuing 268.36 Dauid Earle of Huntington appointed gouernour of Scotland 274. 66 Dauid Earle of Huntington goeth foorthe vvith King Richard of Englād tovvard the holy land 278. 29 Dauid driuen by a tempest to the coastes of Aegypt and there taken prisoner 278.78 Dauids daungerous aduentures in his returning home 278.84 Dauid buildeth a Church in honor of the virgin Mary 278.110 Dauid Erle of Huntington dyeth 283. 67 Dauid seconde sonne to Alexander the thirde dieth 2◅5 41 Dauid the second crovvned king of Scotland 330.45 Dauid and hys vvife flee into Fraunce 334.73 Dauid entreth into Englād vvith a mightie army 350.24 Dauids dreame concerning Sainte Curbertslands 350.69 Dauid taken prisoner and his army vanquished 351.32 Dauid and his vvife returne into Scotland 348.8 Dauid inuadeth Northumberland vvith an army 348.83 Dauid sundrye tymes inuadeth the frontiers of Englande 349.7 24. 37 Dauid refuseth Englishmens large offers for peace 349.53 Dauid ransomed departeth home into Scotland 354.48 Dauid marrieth Margaret daughter to Sir Iohn Logy Knyghte 355. 14 Dauids Tovver in Edenburgh builded 355.39 Dauid dyeth 355.45 Dauid eldest sonne to Robert the thirde created Duke of Rothsay 366.1 Dauid Duke of Rothsay furnished to death 368.53 Davvkith Castell vvonne by the Englishmen 474.31 Death of Roberte Corncorse Byshoppe of Rosse 464.49 Deathe of VVilliam Stevvarde Byshoppe of Aberden 464.53 Deathe is a due debte that must needes be payde 267 2◅ Death seene dauncing 2◅7 83 Devve vppon Iames the fourths tente of bloudy coulour 421.28 Deuise to drovvne the Castell of Lochleuin 340.1 Dearth and great death in Scotland 387. ◅ Dearthe through Englande and Scotlande 347.50 Dearthe of corne in Scotlande 279. 67 Dearth in Scotlande for vvant of tillage 314.20 Dearth and greate death in Scotland 345.39 Dearth in England and Scotland 289. 20 Declaration of the iust causes of the vvarre moued by K. Henry the eyght of England against King Iames the fifth of Scotland 447.37 Desperate practise of inhabitants of the I le to drovvne the Romane shippes 54.5 Deglaston in Britaine 140.103 Dead to bee buried according to their substance 181.103 Desse Monsieur
Valiue Viville Vancorde Valenges Moreouer to reduce the English people from their fierce wildnesse vnto a more ciuilitie quiet trade of life he tooke frō them all their armoure and weapons The conqueror taketh from the Englishmen theyr armour And agayne he ordeyned that the master of euery houshold about eyght of y e clocke in the euening shoulde cause his fire to be couered with ashes and thervppon goe to bed and to the ende that euery man mighte haue knowledge of that houre when hee should to goe to rest he gaue order that in all Cities Townes and Villages where any Church was there shoulde bee a Bell roong at the sayd houre whiche custome is still vsed euen vnto this daye and commonly called by the French word Cover fewe Cover few first instituted 1068 Mat. VVest Moreouer this yere on Whitsonday Mande the Wife of King William was crowned Q. by Aeldred Archbyshop of Yorke The same yere also was Henry his son borne here in England for his other two sonnes Robert and William wereborne in Normandy before hee had conquered this lande He hearde also how Edgar Etheling at the same time being in the countrey riding abroade with a troupe of Horsemen and hearing of the discomfiture of those Normans pursued them egrely and slewe greate numbers of them Polidor as they were about to saue themselues by flighte with whiche newes beeing in no small furie he made speede forwarde and comming at the last into Northumberland he easily vanquished the aforesayd Rebels and putting the chiefe Authors of this businesse to deathes hee reserued some of the rest as Captiues and of other some hee caused the hands to be chopped off in token of their incōstancie and Rebellions dealing After this he cōmeth to Yorke and there in like forte punished those that had ayded Edgar whiche done hee returned to Londō 1069 where he intended to soiourne for a season The Earle of Britayne being a mā of a stoute stomack and meaning to defend that which was thus giuen to him built a strong Castel neere to his manor of Gillingham and named it Richmont To shewe therefore somewhat also of the firste originall line of the Earles of Richmōnt that bare their title of honor of this Castell and Towne of Richmont as Leland hath set downe the same This it is Eudo Erle of Britayne the sonne of Geffrey begate three sonnes Alane le Rous otherwise Fregaunte Alane the blacke Stephan these three breethren after their fathers decesse succeeded one after another in the Earledome of Britayne the two elder Alane the red Alane the blacke died without issue Stephan begate gate a sonne named Alane who left a sonne whiche was his heire named Conane which Conan married Margaret the daughter of William Kyng of Scotlande who bare him a daughter named Constantia which Constantia was coupled in marriage with Geffrey sonne to Kyng Henry the second who had by hir Arthur whom hys Vncle King Iohn for feare to be depriued by him of the Crowne caused to bee made away as some haue written But nowe hauing thus farre stepped from the matter whiche we haue in hand it is time to returne where we left touching the Danes Surely the Danishe writers make no mention in the life of that Kanute or Cnute Albertus Grantz whiche raigned at thys season in Denmarke of anye suche voyage made by him but declare howe hee prepared to haue come into England but was letted as in their history more playnely appeareth Simon Dun. but verily Simon Dunel affirmeth that Harrold and Canute or Cnute the sonnes of Sweyne Kyng of Denmarke Math. Paris maketh mention but of Sweyne and Osberne whome he calleth breethren with theyr Vncle Earle Osborne and one Christianus a Bishoppe of the Danes and Earle Turketillus were guiders of this Danishe army and that afterwardes when Kyng William came into Northumberland hee sent vnto Earle Osborne promising to him that hee would permitte hym to take vp vittayles for his army about the Sea coastes and further to giue him a portion of money but so that he should departe and returne home so soone as the winter was passed But howsoeuer the matter wente with the Danes certayne it is by the whole consente of Writers that King William hauing thus subdued his enimies in the Northe hee tooke so greate displeasure with the inhabitauntes of the Countrey of Yorkshire and Northumberland that he wasted all the land betwixt Yorke and Durham VVil. Mal. so that for the space of sixtie miles there was left in maner no habitation for the people by reason wherof it lay wast and deserte for the space of nine or tenne yeares The goodly Cities with theyr Towers and Steeples set vp on a stately height and reaching as it were into the aire the beautifull fieldes and pastures watered with the course of sweete and pleasant Riuers if a straunger shoulde then haue behelde and also knowen before they were thus defaced hee woulde surely haue lamented or if anye olde inhabiter had bene long absent and nowe returned thither had seene this pitifull face of the countrey hee woulde not haue knowen it such destruction was made thorough out all those quarters whereof Yorke it selfe felt not the smallest portion The Bishop of Durham Egelwinus with his Cleargie fledde into holy Iland with S. Cutberts body and other iewels of the Churche of Durham Simon Dun. where they tarried three monethes and odde dayes before they returned to Durham agayne The Kings army comming into the countrey that lyeth betwixt the Riuers Theise Tyne found nothing but voyde fieldes and bare walles the people with their goodes and Cattell being fled and withdrawen into the Wooddes and Mountaynes if any thing were forgotten behinde Anno. 4. these new gestes were dilgent inough to finde it out In the beginning of the spring 1070 King William returned to London and now after all these troubles he began to conceyue greater hatred against the Englishmen than euer he hadde done before Polidor and therefore supposing hee shoulde neuer with gentlenesse winne their good willes he now determined to keepe them vnder with feare oppression a great number he banished and spoyled of all their goodes and not only such as he suspected but also those of whome hee was in hope to gaine any great portion of substance Stigand Alexander Bishop of Lincolne About the same time also the Archbishoppe Stigand and Alexander Bishop of Lincolne fled into Scotlande and there kepe themselues ◅ose for a season But the Kyng still continued in his hard proceeding againste the Englishmen in so much that now protesting how he came to the gouernance of the Realme onely by playne conquest Polidor The hard dealing of Kyng William against the Englishmen hee seyled into his hands the most parte of euery mans possessions causing them to redeeme the same at his handes agayne and yet reteyned a propertie in the most part
Easter next ensuyng hir husbandes death Hee was named Arthure and succeded his father in the Erledome of Brytaine Hys fathers death was occasioned as men iudge by a fall whiche hee caught at a iourney for hee was sore bruysed therewith and neuer had his health but finally felt into a flixe and so dyed About this season Pope Vrbane wrote vnto Baldwyn the Archebishoppe of Canterburie graunting him licence to buylde a Churche in honour of Saint Stephen and Thomas Becket nowe reputed a Martyr at Alkynton and that the fourth part of the offrings which came to the boxe of Thomas the Martyr shoulde be assigned to the vse of the Monkes and an other fourth part to the buyldings of that Church and an other fourth part to be giuen to the poore and the other fourth part remayning he might reserue to himselfe to bestowe at his pleasure But within a while after at the sute and contemplation of the Priour and Couent of Canterburie who lyked nothing of the former partition the Pope sent letters of prohibition to the sayde Archebishoppe that hee shoulde ceasse from buylding of the fore mentioned Churche bycause the buylding thereof should be preiudiciall to the Church of Canterburie The Frenche King requyred to haue the custodie of the infant Arthure heyre to Geffrey Earle of Brytaine but king Henrie would in no wise graunt thereto Ambassadors sent to the French king Hee sent therefore Walter Archbishoppe of Rouen William de Maundeuille Earle of Albemarle and Ranulfe de Glandeuille Lorde chiefe Iustice of Englande to the Frenche Courte to talke wyth King Philip aboute that matter so that king Philip hauing hearde them was contented to staye from attempting force tyll the feast of Saint Hillarie But in the meane tyme it chaunced Sir William de Wals. that one Sir Rycharde de Walles a knight of the realme of Fraunce went about to fortifie a Castell in a Vyllage that belonged to him called Walles situate betwixte Trye and Gisors Wherevpon Henrie Vere Conestable of Gysors vnder William Earle of Aubemarle was nothing content therewyth and therefore gotte a companie togyther and went foorth to desturbe the worke Vpon this occasion the seruaunts of the sayde Sir Rycharde de Wals come forth and encountred wyth him in the fielde insomuche that Raufe the sonne of Sir Rycharde de Wals was slayne and the residue that were with hym fledde manye of them beeing sore beaten and wounded The king of Englands subiects arested in Fraunce When the French King was enformed hereof he caused all the King of Englande his subiectes that coulde bee founde within his Countreys and dominion of Fraunce to be apprehended and their goodes seazed The French subiects arested in Normandie The Stewardes Baylifes and officers then of king Henrie did the like by the French kings subiects that chaunced to be at that present within the king of Englandes Countreys on that further syde of the Sea But within a smal while after the French king set the English subiects at libertie and so likewise did the king of Englands officers release the French subiects An. reg 33. 1187 Octauianus a Cardinall After this king Henrie helde his Christmasse at Gildeforde and shortly after came one Octauianus a Subdeacon Cardinall and Hugh de Nouaunt from the Courte of Rome sent as Legates from Pope Vrbane into Irelande that they might crowne Earle Iohn the kings sonne king of that lande King Henrie passeth ouer into Normandie But king Henrie made a delay therein taking the Legates with him into Normandie whether he sayled at the same time and landing at Wissand hee went from thence into Normandie and shortly after came to a coÌ„munication with the French king at a place called Vadum Sancti Remigâ—… where after much talk they coulde not agree by reason the French king demaunded things vnreasonable Ger. Doâ—… and so they departed without any thing concluded sauing a truce till after Whitsuntide About the same time Hierusalâ—… taken the Citie of Ierusalem was taken by Saladine the chiefe Prince of the Sarafins Wherevppon much conference was had among the christian princes for the succoring of those Christians which as yet held defended other peeces in y e holy lande so that by publishing of the Popes Bulles many toke on theÌ„ the crosse and amongst other Richard the son of K. Henry withoute any licence obteyned of his father receyued the same vowing to go thither out of haÌ„d and to fight against Gods enimies to the vttermost of his power In the meane time the grudge still encreasing betwixt king Henrie and Philip the French king partly for one cause Out of thâ—… nales of â—… written by colle 〈◊〉 and partly for an other but specially one chiefe occasion was for that Earle Richarde deferred the doing of hys homage vnto king Philip for the Duchie of Poicton which by his fathers appoyntment he nowe enioyed and helde The French king to preuent his enimies immediately vpoÌ„ the expiring of the truce raysed a power and entring into the dominions belonging to king Henrie hee wasted the Countrey till he came vnto Chateau Raoul About which Castell also he forthwith planted his siege Hereof when king Henrie was aduertised he raysed his power also and togyther with hys sonne Earle Richarde came with all speede to succour his people and to saue his Castell from the handes of his enimies When he approched neare vnto the place he pight downe his tents ouer agaynst the one side of the French campe and Erle Richard on the other so that they were readie to assail the French king on both sides at once but before they came to ioyne in battaile by the mediation of a Cardinall as some wryte or as other haue Ger. Do. through meanes made by the Erle of Flanders the matter was taken vp For Earle Richard through perswasion of the sayd Erle of Flanders came to the Frenche king and agreed with him before that his father king Henrie was for his part resolued of any such matter so that he was now in a maruellous perplexity and almost to seeke what was best to do in such a doubtfull case as a man fearing his owne suretie by reason of mistrust which hee had in his sonne Richarde A truce gâ—…ted But yet at the length through humble sute made by his sayde sonne vnto the Frenche king a truce was graunted by the space of two yeares Earle Richarde after that the matter was thus taken vp went into Fraunce with the Frenche King of whome hee was so honoured whilest he was there that they kept one Table at dinner and supper in the day tyme and as was sayde one bedde serued them both to sleepe on in the night This yeare the twentie of October the Citie of Chichester was almoste wholy consumed to ashes by mischaunce of fyre The heade Church with the Bishoppes Palayce and the houses of the Canons were burnt euen downe to the grounde â—…n