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A68619 The arte of English poesie Contriued into three bookes: the first of poets and poesie, the second of proportion, the third of ornament. Puttenham, George, d. 1590.; Puttenham, Richard, 1520?-1601?, attributed name.; Lumley, John Lumley, Baron, 1534?-1609, attributed name. 1589 (1589) STC 20519.5; ESTC S110571 205,111 267

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not euill doe make them more laudable And right so our vulgar riming Poesie being by good wittes brought to that perfection we see is worthily to be preferred before any other maner of vtterance in prose for such vse and to such purpose as it is ordained and shall hereafter be set downe more particularly CHAP. X. The subiect or matter of Poesie HAuing sufficiently sayd of the dignitie of Poets and Poesie now it is tyme to speake of the matter or subiect of Poesie which to myne intent is what soeuer wittie and delicate conceit of man meet or worthy to be put in written verse for any necessary vse of the present time or good instruction of the posteritie But the chief and principall is the laud honour glory of the immortall gods I speake now in phrase of the Gentiles Secondly the worthy gests of noble Princes the memoriall and registry of all great fortunes the praise of vertue reproofe of vice the instruction of morall doctrines the reuealing of sciences naturall other profitable Arts the redresse of boistrous sturdie courages by perswasion the consolation and repose of temperate myndes finally the common solace of mankind in all his trauails and cares of this transitorie life And in this last sort being vsed for recreation onely may allowably beare matter not alwayes of the grauest or of any great commoditie or profit hut rather in some sort vaine dissolute or wanton so it be not very scandalous of euill example But as our intent is to make this Art vulgar for all English mens vse therefore are of necessitie to set downe the principal rules therein to be obserued so in mine opinion it is no lesse expedient to touch briefly all the chief points of this auncient Poesie of the Greeks and Latines so far forth as it is conformeth with ours So as it may be knowen what we hold of them as borrowed and what as of our owne peculiar Wherefore now that we haue said what is the matter of Poesie we will declare the manner and formes of poemes vsed by the auncients CHAP. XI Of poemes and their sundry formes and how thereby the auncient Poets receaued surnames AS the matter of Poesie is diuers so was the forme of their poemes maner of writing for all of them wrote not in one sort euen as all of them wrote not vpon one matter Neither was euery Poet alike cunning in all as in some one kinde of Poesie nor vttered with like felicitie But wherein any one most excelled thereof he tooke a surname as to be called a Poet Heroick Lyrick Elegiack Epigrāmatist or otherwise Such therefore as gaue them selues to write long histories of the noble gests of kings great Princes entermedling the dealings of the gods halfe gods or Heroes of the gentiles the great waighty consequences of peace and warre they called Poets Heroick whereof Homer was chief and most auncient among the Greeks Virgill among the Latines Others who more delighted to write songs or ballads of pleasure to be song with the voice and to the harpe lute or citheron such other musical instruments they were called melodious Poets melici or by a more common name Lirique Poets of which sort was Pindarus Anacreon and Callimachus with others among the Greeks Horace and Catullus among the Latines There were an other sort who sought the fauor of faire Ladies and coueted to bemone their estates at large the perplexities of loue in a certain pitious verse called Elegie and thence were called Eligiack such among the Latines were Ouid Tibullus Propertius There were also Poets that wrote onely for the stage I meane playes and interludes to receate the people with matters of disporte and to that intent did set forth in shewes pageants accompanied with speach the common behauiours and maner of life of priuate persons and such as were the meaner sort of men and they were called Comicall Poets of whom among the Greekes Menander and Aristophanes were most excellent with the Latines Terence and Plautus Besides those Poets Comick there were other who serued also the stage but medled not with so base matters For they set forth the dolefull falles of infortunate afflicted Princes were called Poets Tragicall Such were Euripides and Sophocles with the Greeks Seneca among the Latines There were yet others who mounted nothing so high as any of them both but in base and humble stile by maner of Dialogue vttered the priuate and familiar talke of the meanest sort of men as shepheards heywards and such like such was among the Greekes Theocritus and Virgill among the Latines their poemes were named Eglogues or shepheardly talke There was yet another kind of Poet who intended to taxe the common abuses and vice of the people in rough and bitter speaches and their inuectiues were called Satyres and them selues Satyricques Such were Lucilius Iuuenall and Persius among the Latines with vs he that wrote the booke called Piers plowman Others of a more fine and pleasant head were giuen wholly to taunting and scoffing at vndecent things and in short poemes vttered pretie merry conceits and these men were called Epigrammatistes There were others that for the peoples good instruction and triall of their owne witts vsed in places of great assembly to say by rote nombers of short and sententious meetres very pithie and of good edification and thereupon were called Poets Mimistes as who would say imitable and meet to be followed for their wise and graue lessons There was another kind of poeme inuented onely to make sport to refresh the company with a maner of buffonry or counterfaiting of merry speaches conuerting all that which they had hard spoken before to a certaine derision by a quite contrary sence and this was done when Comedies or Tragedies were a playing that betweene the actes when the players went to make ready for another there was great silence and the people waxt weary then came in these maner of conterfaite vices they were called Pantomimi and all that had before bene sayd or great part of it they gaue a crosse construction to it very ridiculously Thus haue you how the names of the Poets were giuen them by the formes of their poemes and maner of writing CHAP. XII In what forme of Poesie the gods of the Gentiles were praysed and honored THe gods of the Gentiles were honoured by their Poetes in hymnes which is an extraordinarie and diuine praise extolling and magnifying them for their great powers and excellence of nature in the highest degree of laude and yet therein their Poets were after a sort restrained so as they could not with their credit vntruly praise their owne gods or vse in their lauds any maner of grosse adulation or vnueritable report For in any writer vntruth and flatterie are counted most great reproches Wherfore to praise the gods of the Gentiles for that by authoritie of their owne fabulous records they had fathers and