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A52075 Answers upon several heads in philosophy first drawn up for the private satisfaction of some friends : now exposed to publick view and examination / by William Marshall, Dr. of physick of the colledge of physicians in London. Marshall, William, 17th cent. 1670 (1670) Wing M809A; ESTC R32413 109,293 264

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of the caelestial Bodies that the vast error of the Earths semidiameter by taking the Earth for a small point many times in Astronomical Gnomonical and other operations creates not by consequence any perceiveable Errour so it is not unlike but the Atmosphaere of our Globe is vastly disproportionable to the Atmosphaeres of many of those heavenly lights which may in a sort be gathered also from the small power which our Atmosphaere has in the pressures which it makes upon moist and liquid bodies as also from the common vastnes of cometical bodies frequently accepted as much larger then all both our globe and its Atmosphaere and therefore requiring a proportionately immense place both for their being and motions And that such huge dimensions are not groundlesly attributed to the cometical bodies is rendered undoubted from the glorious and glaring light with which eminently above most of other Stars they dazle to admiration the minds and Eyes of mortals at so great distance that some times little or no Parallax can be observed in them As to these therefore to solve the Questions unto which you have tasked me I cannot but judge it improbable with any assurance to make praedictions before hand that in such limited moments of futurity shall appear such Comets as are to be at after amassed gathered formed and embodied in the Atmosphaeres which are above if seeming no more wilde to give heed and credit to the superstitious Auguries and soothsayings of the Antients then the most subtle reasonings upon which such predictions can be made in a subject of this nature Yet though their first emerging and appearance cannot upon any calculation be foretold however at after they have a while appeared and some though not very many curious observations have been made of the changes of place and other circumstances which they make in their several appearances at such and such exalt distances of time it is fairly enough probable that often by an ingenious prognostick the course of such a Comet may be nearly traced and set down before hand as to way and speed only with this limitation if the substance of the Comet do not first vanish or dissolve or by reason of its instant dissolution divert from hasten or retard its course upon which score of their dissolubleness and therefore their ere long to be expected dissolution no prognosticks upon them and their course can be so absolute and peremptory as those which may be made concerning such Comets as are properly couched under the second supposition And the grounds why most what in these Comets of the first constitution or supposition from past observations a fair conjecture may be made of their future course notwithstanding their new production and amassement in Atmosphaeres are chiefly hereupon founded that such cometical bodies as they are demonstrably vast and manifestly and by their nature dissoluble so their dissolution is not observed very momentaneous but most what more leisurely by degrees and in time in short they flame forth of a sudden but expire gradually so as to be able for a while to retain the impressions of regular motion whether communicated from somewhat in the Center of the same Atmosphaere or from the confluent efficacy of several Agents all contributing constantly each according to its nature to the Comets alone or its and its Atmosphaeres motion whether by aequilibration pulsion traction pressure manifest or secret or else inwardly wrought into the very substance and nature of the Comet especially the Comets place being in those lofty aethereal regions where are perpetual circumgyrations and every motion that is observable the more accurately it is observed it is found the more regular And if it be urged here-against that the motion of Comets seldome or never answers the motion of any other Starre but commonly has a cross trajecting motion whereby it moves asloope athwart transversely or obliquely varying from the usual formerly observed motions As this cannot be denyed so it doth not at all infringe the possible regularity of such motions which are observed to be most what in the same plain though oddly posited and that there are many and diverse such undreamt of motions in the Heavens constant and regular of which save by some such or late discoveries no hint hath as yet bin made forth unto us may in as good reason be allowed as that vast number of Stars in the skyes acknowledged of which without the Telescop 't is impossible to have any discerning And if we grant that in respect of its peculiar Atmosphaere the motion of a Comet solely considered as in it be not so strictly regular yet the regular circumgyration of the Atmosphaere in which the Comet is carryed in respect of the Universe cannot but with those that Cant upon that Hypothesis enforce the Confession of a great degree of regularity in the Comets motion and that Comets in what part of the Heavens soever appearing move in some conformity with other celestial bodyes notwithstanding the contrariety or diversity of their proper or peculiar motions from the rest is beyond all dispute evident from their dayly moving with the rest from East to West The manner of making observations calculating to know the place the distance speed of such a Comet and when it is at nearest or remotest in its course from us is no other then in Comets of the second supposition And from this whole discourse is manifest the Hypotheses upon which Calculations are to be made in order to such praedictions cannot be particularly in these Comets known before hand but in several such Comets may be very different and are to be found out by curious and diligent Observations which in each respective Comet must be accurate and at least four in number and I think predictions pretended from three observations are over hasty and at best can but be conjectural nay in some cases from four as if you be unsatisfyed I shall be ready by demonstrative instances to remove your doubt But if of these Comets any should be found to wander so as the motion of its Center cannot possibly be reduced any thing nigh unto the same plane or regularity in change of Planes or that the motion of its Center in the same or several Planes describe not a Line regular or near unto a regularity it is not probably easy to make predictions at any certainty of truth of the future course and motion of such Comets Concerning Comets of the later kind or Hypothesis possibly it is more easy to answer your Queries in them then effectually without a world of time sagacity and diligence to accomplish and attain the purport of those Answers That the motion of such Comets of the second sort being not truly new but rather seldom appearing and soon disappearing Cometical Stars that I say the motion of such is not without some regularity though it may not be concluded without long observations and frequent experiences of their motion had which in such seldom appearing