Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	east_n	motion_n	west_n	1,864	5	9.5519	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44885	A learned treatise of globes, both cœlestiall and terrestriall with their several uses / written first in Latine, by Mr. Robert Hues, and by him so published ; afterward illustrated with notes by Jo. Isa. Pontanus ; and now lastly made English ... by John Chilmead ...; Tractatus de globis et eorum usu. English	Hues, Robert, 1553-1632.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.; Pontanus, Johannes Isacius, 1571-1639.; Molyneux, Emery.	1659 (1659)	Wing H3298; ESTC R1097	145,949	311

Starrs and fixed not as if these were indeed fixed in one certain place and altogether without motion and the other only moveable and erraticall but these appellations are onely given then comparatively in which sence also they are to be understood For seeing that the fixed Starrs were observed alwayes to keep the same places in the eighth Sphaere and the same distance srom each other notwithstanding that they are alwayes in continuall motion caused by the vertue of the first Moveable which carrieth them about in the space of twenty foure hours But the Planets besides this motion have a proper motion of their owne so that they keep neither their the same distance from the fixed Starrs nor yet the same aspect to each other for these reasons were the one called Fixed and the other Planets For otherwise if the Planets be considered severally each one by himselfe there is nothing more certain then their periodicall motion So that Tully alluding hereto would have the Planets to bee called Errantes by Antiphrasis quam minimè errantes The Planets exceeding those two greater lights the Sun and Moon are five in number A●… which beside the Diurnal motion by which they are carried about from East to West by the Rapture of the first Moveable have also a free proper motion of their owne which finish from West to East according to the succession of the Signes upon the Poles of the Zodiaque each of them in a severall manner and space of time Their order in the Heavens and periods of their motions being such as followeth Saturne called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by Julius Higinus Stella Solis the Star of the Sun is the highest of all the Planets and 〈◊〉 about the greatest 〈◊〉 but doth not therefore appear to be the least of all the Planets as Pliny hence conjectured Hee finisheth his Periodical course in twenty nine yeares five months fifteen dayes according to Alfraganus Jupiter in Greek Zeus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 moveth through the Zodiaque in the space of eleven yeares ten moneths and almost 16. dayes Mars 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is also cal-called by some Hercules his Star finisheth his course in two yeares Sol the Sun in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 performeth his course in a yeare that is to say three hundered sixty five dayes and almost sixe hours Venus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called by some June's Starr by thers Isis and by others The Mother of the Gods when it goeth before the Sun it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the day Star appearing like another 〈◊〉 Sun and as it were matu●…g the day But when it followeth the Sun in the Evening p●…otracting the light after the Sun is ●…er and supplying the place of the Moone it is then called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Evening Star The names of which Star Pythagoras Samius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 first to have observed about the thi●… ie 2d. Olympiad as Pliny relates lib. 2. cap. 8. It p●…meth its course in a yeares space or thereabout and is never distan●… from the Sun above forty six degrees according to Timaeus his computation Notwithstancing our later Astronomers herein much more 〈◊〉 then h●… allow it two whole signes or 60 degrees which is the utmost limit of its deviation from the Sun Mercury in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 called by some Appollo's Star 〈◊〉 his course through the Zodiaque in a yeare also And according to the opinion of Timeus and Sosigenes 〈◊〉 ever distant from the Sun above 25. gr or 〈◊〉 our later writers will have it not above a who●…e 〈◊〉 or 30. degrees Luna 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Moon is the lowest of all the Planets and finisheth her course in twenty seven dayes and almost eight hours The various shapes and appearances of which Planets seeming sometimes to bee ●…ned sometimes equally divided into two halfes sometimes finished like an Imperfect circle and sometimes in a respect circular 〈◊〉 together with the other diversities of this Star were first of all observed by Endymion as it is related by Pliny whence sprung that Poëticall fiction of his being in love with the M●…on All the●…e Planets are carried in Orbes which are Eccentrical to the earth that is which have not the same center with the earth The Semidiameter of which Orbes compared to the Semidiameter of the earth have this proportion as is here set down in this Table Of what parts the ●…emidiameter of the Earth i. 1. Of t●…e same the 〈◊〉 ter of the Orbe of Luna 1. 48. 56 m. Mercury 116. 3 m. Venus 641. 45. m Sol 1165. 23. m. Mars 5022. 4. m Jupiter 11611. 31. m. Saturne 17225. 16. m The Eccentricities of the Orbes compared to the Orbs themselves have this proportion Of whatparts the Semidiameter of the Deferent is 60. Of the same the Eccentricity of Luna 18 12. 28. m. 30 sec Maurolycus out of Alphons Mercury 2. 0. m. Venus 1. 8. m. Sol 2. 16. m 6. sec. Mars 6. 0 m. Jupiter 2. 45 m. Saturne 3. 25 m. The Eccentricities of some of the Planets especially of the Sun are found to have decreased and growne less since Ptolomyes●…ime ●…ime For Ptolomy sets down the Eccentricity of the Moon to be 12. gr 3●… m. but by Alphonsus it was found to be but 13 gr 28. m. and an halfe Ptolomy assigned Eccentricity to Venus 1 gr 14. m Alphonsus 1. gr 8. m. Ptolomy found by his owne observations and also by those that Hipparchus had made that the Eccentricity of the Sun was 2 gr 30. m. Alphonsus observed it in his time to be but 2 gr 16. m. and the 10th part of a minute In the year of ou●… Lord 1312 it was found to be 2. gr 2. m. 18. sec. Copernicus found it to be lesse yet then that and to be but 1 gr 56 m 11. sec. So that without just cause did the Illustrious Julius Scaliger think Copernicus his writings for this reason to deserve the Sponge and the Author himself the Bastinado he●…ein dealing more hardly with Copernicus then he deserves PONT Besides the Eccentricities of the Planets it is worth our paines also to observe their Magnitudes And this consists especially in the knowledge of their Diameters and what proportion they beare to each other For the Diameter of a Planet compared to the Diameters of the Earth is after this manner following The Diameter of Saturne Compared ●…o the Diameter of the Earth is as 9 10 2 Jupiter 32 7 Mars 7 6 Sol 11 2 Venus 3 10 Mercury 1 28 Luna 5 17 The Diameter of the Sun compared to the Diameter of the Moon beareth the same proportion that is betwixt 187. and 10. And now that which is said may be demonstrated by an example let us suppose the Diameter of the Sun in proportion to the Diameter of the Earth to be

a Cubic all and some a Pyramidall forme yet this opinion of it's Roundnesse with greatest consent of reason at length prevailed the rest being all exploded Now wee affirme it to be round yet so as that wee also admit of it's inequalities by reason of those so great eminences of hills and depression of vallies Eratosthenes as hee is cited by Strabo in his first book saith that the fashion of the Earth is like that of a Globe not so exactly round as an artificiall Globe is but that it hath certain inequalities The earth cannot be said to be of an exact orbicular forme by reason of somany high hilles and low plaines as Pliny rightly observes And Strabo also in his first book of his Geography saith that the Earth and the water together make up one sphaericall body not of so exact a forme as that of the Heavens although not much unlike it This assertion of the roundnesse of the Earth with the intervening Sea is confirmed also by these reasons For first that it is round from East to West is proved by the Sun Moon and the other Stars which are seen to rise and set first with those that inhabit more Eastwardly and afterward with them that are farther West The Sun riseth with the Persians that dwell in the Easterne parts foure hours soonner then it doth with those that dwell in Spaine more Westward as Cleomedes affirmes The same is also proved by the observing of Eclipses especially those of the Moon which although they happen at the same time are not yet observed in all places at the same houre of the day or night but the hour of their appearing is later with them that inhabite Eastward then it is with the more Westerne people An Eclipse of the Moon which Ptolomy reports lib. 1 Geogr. cap. 4. To have been seen in Arbela a town in Assyria at the fift houre of the night the same was observed at Carthage at the second houre In like manner an Eclipse of the Sun which was observed in Campania to be betwixt 7. and 8. of the Clock was seen by Co●…bulo a Captain in Armenia betwixt 10●… and 11. as it is related by Pliny Now that it is also of a sphaericall figure from North to South may be clearly demonstrated by the risings settings elevations and depressions of the Stars and Poles The bright Star that shines so resplendently in the upper part of the sterne of the Ship Argo and is called by the Greeeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is scarcely to bee seen at all in Rhodes unlesse it bee from some eminent high place yet the same is seen very plainly in Alexandria as being elevated above the Horizon about the fourth part of a signe as Proclus affirms in the end of his book de Sphaera For I read it Conspicuè cernitur not as it is commonly Prorsus non cernitur notwithst anding that both the Greek text and also the Latine translation are against it Another argument may bee taken from the figure of the shadow in the Eclipse of the Moon caused by the interposition of the Earths opacous body Which shadow being Sphaericall cannot proceed from any other then a round Globous body as it is demonstrated unto us out of Opticall principles But this one reason is beyond all exception that those that make toward the Land at the Sea shal first of all descry the tops of the hilles onely a●…d afterwards as they draw nearer to shore they see the lower parts of the same by little and little Which cannot proceed from any other cause then the gibbosity of the Earths superficies As for those other opinions of the hollow Cubicall Pyramidall and plaine figure of the Earth you have them all largely examined both in Theon Ptolomies Interpreter Cleomedes and almost in all our ordinary Authours of the Sphaere together with the reasons why they are rejected Yet that old conceit of the plainnesse of the Earths superficies is again now at last tanquam Crambe recocta set forth in a new dresse and thrust upon us by Franciscus Patricius who by some few eold arguments and misunderstood experiments endeavours to confirme his own and consequently to overthrow that other received opinion of the sphaericall figure of the Earth I shall onely lightly touch at his chiefest arguments my present purpose and intention suffering mce not to insist long on the confutation of them And f●…rst of all the great beight of Hills and the depression of vallies so much disagreeing from the evennesse of the plain parts of the Earth scem to make very much against the roundnesse of the Earth Who can hear with patience saith hee that those huge high mountains of Norway or the mountaine Slotus which lies under the Pole and is the highest in the world should yet be thought to have the same superficies with ●…he Sealying beneath it This therefore being the chiefest reason that m●…y seem to overthrow the opinion of the Earth and Seas making up one sphaericall body let us examine it a little more nearly and consider how great this inequality may bee that seems to make so much against the evennessc of this Yerrestitall Globe Many strange and almost incredible things are reported by Aristotle Mela Pliny and Solinu●… of the unusuall height of Atho●… an Hill in Macedonia and of Casius in Syria as also of another of the same name in Arabia and of the monntaine Caucasus And among the rest one of the most miraculous things which they have observed of the mountain Athos is that whereas it is situate in Macedony it casts a shadow into the market place at Myrrhina a Town in the Island Lemnos from whence Athos is distant 86. miles But for as much as Athos lies Westward from Lemnos as may appeare out of Ptolomies Tables no marvail that it casts so large a shadow seeing that wee may observe by dayly experience that as well when the Sunriseth as when it sets the shadowes are always extraordinary long But that which Pliny and Solinus report of the same mountain I should rather account among the rest of their fabulous Stories where as they affirm it to be so high that it is thought to be above that region of the aire whence the rain is wont to fall And this opinion say they was first grounded upon a report that there goes that the ashes which are left upon the Altars on the top of this hill are never washed away but are found remaining in heapes upon the same To this may be added another testimony out of the Excerpts of the seventh booke of Strabo where it is said that those that inhabite the top of this mountain do see the Sun three hours sooner then those that live neare the Sea side The height of the mount●…in Caucasus is in like manner celebrated by Aris●…otle the top whereof is enlightned by the Suns b●…ames the third part of the night both morning and evening No lesle fabulous is that which is reported