A Figure of the Heavens and Elements COSMOGRAPHY OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE Whole WORLD Represented by a more exact and certain Discovery in the Excellencies of its Scituation Commodities Inhabitants and HISTORY OF Their Particular and Distinct Governments Religions Arms and Degrees of Honour used amongst Them Enlarged with very many and rare Additions Very delightful to be read in so small a Volum Psal. 24. 1. The Earth is the Lords and the Fulness thereof By ROBERT FAGE Esquire London Printed by S. Griffin for Iohn Overton at the White-Horse in Little Brittain next door to Little St. Bartholomews-Gate 1667. To the Reader VVE are so much Strangers to the World that we know not Our Selves that Great Maxime and Sentence of Divinity Know thy Self being from no other Causes deducible than the scantling and narrow Conceits of the Vniverse Men reckon themselves by the Possessions and Revenues of a Mannor or two and take themselves to be the Grand Seigniours of the World when compared with this Grand Machine they are like Atomes in the Sun-shine of Worldly Felicity I could wish every man could abridge His Ambition as the Describers of the World have Epitomized their Discovery and Govern themselves by the Example of its History which is here truly and compendiously recited Wherein we may see how near a piece the two Globes are and that which we call the New World is no Changeling from the Old War and Strife being as natural there as among us I confesse I am no Atlas to undertake the Burden of this Enterprize but the Pleasure of it as is usual with desperate Lovers â—…vited me to the difficulty and to â—…mmend it as a Picture or every â—…ans Looking-Glass which I have â—…ought fit to contract in its Repreâ—…ntation to the Model of our Time â—…nd Leisure and by its meer shaâ—…ow onely shew its great Self and 〈◊〉 Magnificence Whatever this Endeavour is I do â—…ot doubt but of its kind acceptance â—…s Parvum in Magno and layes open â—…e whole Magazine of the Earth as 〈◊〉 its Puissance Government Proâ—…ctions Manufactures Merchanâ—…es c. it s present State Policy â—…d Friendships never before atâ—…mpted in any one Volume but â—…ow in this Manual There is Truth â—…d Rarity in it as to Generals beâ—…ond the attainment of the Pen it being the Felicity of the Needle and the capatious Compass fully and clearly to investigate and disclose every particular which will merit a pardon for Yours R. F. Reader THis is to advertise thee that the Pricks which are graven upon the firm Land are set to distinguish and divide the three quarters of the World viz. Europe Asia and Africa one from the other as by near observation you may perceive and that the pricks upon the Water or Ocean are the Traces of that Course which Sir Francis Drake made in his surrounding the World A Glorious and no less fortunate Adventure affording Posterity the Pleasure and Profit of persuing his discovery both in reality and imagination such as is exhibited in this Map to which we refer you Vale. A DESCRIPTION OF The Whole WORLD WITH Rules for the use of the GLOBES and understanding of MAPS THe Heavens declare the Glory of God and the Firmament sheweth the work of his hands Psal. 19. 1. In the Creation of which and the whole earth and sea and all things therein contained of mear nothing within the compass of six dayes and in this wise and gracious ordering and guiding of all things is abundantly set forth his infinite and unutterable wisdom power greatness and goodness His end herein is first and chiefly for his own glory The Lord made all things for himself Prov. 16. 4. And secondly mens happiness unto whom the dominion of all things was under God committed Gen. 1. Psalm 8. 6. That men may come therefore to some understanding thereof I shall first speak of the Heavenly and of the Earthly Globes and the several matters incident thereunto Then I shall also make a brief description of the four parts of the earth and the Countries in each part the several Religions professed in them with the varieties of Trade and Commodities therein never yet set forth in a Treatise of this nature The whole world therefore is divided into two parts Etherial or Celestial and Elemental Of which there are two Globes accordingly the heavenly and the earthly Now a Globe is a proportionable representation of the heavens or of the earth the Etherial Celestial or heavenly part doth compasse the Terrestial or earthly and containeth the ten upper Spheres or nearest unto the earth 1 the Mâ—…on 2 Mercury 3 Venus 4 the Sun 5 Mars 6 Jupiter 7 Saturn 8 the starry Firmament 9 the Crystalline heaven having no stars at all 10 the Primum Mobile or first mover containing all the rest within it and moving from the east to the west carrying about with it in violence all the other Spheres The rest of the Spheres have contrary motions every one in his kind though far flower than the other and the motions are contrary from the west to the east and so are carried about oftentimes by the first mover before they make one perfect revolution in themselves The Crystalline or ninth Sphere his motion is almost insensible and is called the Trembling motion performed according to the opinion of latter Astronomers in four thousand nine hundred years The eighth Sphere being the Starry firmament in seven thousand years the Sphere of Saturn in thirty years of Iupiter in twelve years Mars in two years the Sun passeth the Zodiack in three hundred sixty five dayes Venus ends her course in somewhat more than a year Mercury holds equal pace with the Sun and the Moon courseth about the Heavens once every eight and twenty dayes Thus much for the Coelestial or heavenly part of the world wherein I shall need say nothing of the Religion of Angels and the spirits of just men made perfect seeing it is manifest enough to every one that there they keep their first estate The Religion also of the fallen Angels who are held by many to be thrust out of Heaven and to abide in the Air whereupon Sathan is called the Prince of the Air Eph. 2. 2. is so notorious for enmity against God and all manner of wickedness that poor man is more sentient of sorrow for their tentations then furnished with words to express their wickednesse to the life The Elemental part of the World is fourfold earth water air fire as may be seen in that round Figure of the frame of the heavens and elements one within another the inmost and middlemost circle containing earth and water intermixed together the next the three Regions of the air and immediately above that Orb is the element of fire all which you may easily discern by their several names in their proper places And thus much shall suffice to have spoken of the Globe of the whole World I shall now speak first generally and
Dominions forsook his side and turned enemy a practise used to the Swedes by the German Princes before for just so the Elector Duke of Saxony served them in the German War This lost the Swede all he had got save his plunder who by a Peace now resigned the Dutchies of Prussia which he had Garrisoned and possessed and took a sum of Money in lieu thereof like a cunning Merchant as my Lord Bacon observes in Hen. 7. that gets by importing and exporting of Merchandize such indeed is War to the Swede But the Duke of Brandenburgh is invested and possessed of the Ducal Prussia seldome is it also that the Poles are without War either at home or abroad abroad now with the Muscovite at home a difference betwixt the Senators and the Confederate Army which threatens some danger if not timely composed by the Prudence of the King who is a most Excellent Prince and aâ—…isted by very able Noblemen such as is the Renouned old General Czarnecki he who hath so often defeated thâ—… Muscovites and Tartars and once overcame the Swedes whose Prince Adolph Iohn was wounded by Sandomiria in 1657. They are a very warlike people and the bravest enemy both for gallantry in mind and body in the world carrying most of their wealth with them into the field Their arms and horse-furnitures glittering with gold and silver They serve most on Horseback the Gentry mounting their Tenants and Servants and charge furiously with Lances and then expertly manage a Shabel or Scymiter they have this year had two victories against the Muscovites They have been often vexed with the Cossacks a People bordering upon the black Sea where they annoy the Turk mercenary and stipendiary to this Crown who under 〈◊〉 their Generall often combated them but are now in a better understanding and good complyance by a late Treaty The Tartars are as well disposed to be quiet so that at present Poland seems likely to enjoy some respite and draw breath after so many Conâ—…ulsions and Concussions of its State and Government Hungary is bounded on the south with Bosnia and Croatia on the west with Germany on the east with Transylvania Moldavia and Walachia and on the north with Polonia A great and mighty Kingdome and exceeding fruitful it hath many Navigable Rivers wherein are multitudes of Fish The People are strong and shew their antiquity to be of the Scythians by their neglect of Learning and barbarous manners their Sons equally inherit without priviledge of Birth-right their Daughters Portion is onely a new attire The German Emperour and the Turk share it between them the Commodities that go from thence are divers sorts of colours wheat beef salt wine and river-fish salted the Aâ—…ms are bar-wise of eight pieces Gules and Argent there are here two Arch-bishops thirteen Bishops This Kingdom of Hungary was anciently that Fortress against the Turks which now Poland is several of its Kings being slain in the fields thereof in battel against them so very remarkable is that War maintained by them throughout all the Turkish History This Crown was devolved at last to Maximilian as Hereditary to the House of Austria who a long while also grapled against the same power to a greater expence of men and money than the Title Revenue and Possessions were worth and could not expel nor drive them out being put to it to defend his own Sultan Solyman in the raign of H. 8. carrying his Army to the Walls of Vienna the Emperours Imperial City in Austria The Emperours chief City and assembly of the States is Presburgh where the King his Son is usually Crowned The grand Siegnieurs is Buda upon the River Danubius Governed by one of his Principal Bashaws The Hungarians have enjoyed a long though narrow peace some part thereof being disquietted by the troubled affairs of their Neighbours such as are the Wayvods of Moldavia and Walachia who are tributary Princes to the Grand Signiour and are invested by him who not seldome revolt and as often pay the price of it with their heads and lately and at this time the Princes of Transylvania Of which next Transylvania a Principallity is bounded on the north with Poland on the east with Servia and Bulgaria on the west with Hungary and on the east with Moldavia and Walachia two other small Principallities Tributaries and Vassals to the Turks This Country of Transylvania is notable for good Warriours being beholding for their stoutness to the strength of their Countrey which toward the south-east is surrounded with Mountains For these four last years it hath been the Seat of a cruel War for the King of Sweden having invited Prince Ragotzki to the spoyles of Poland in 1657. The Pole complained of this Invasion to the Grand Seigniour who commanded Ragotzki to withdraw and withal sent an Army to depose him for presuming against his leave and permission to engage against the Pole Ragotzki defended â—…mself a while but being over-toyled and spent with care and hard service against so potent an Enemie dyed Whereupon the States chose one Remini Ianosch to be their Prince whom the Turks likewise rejecting the States stood by him against Prince Michael Abassi invested by the Grand Signiour After severall encounters and the loss of Waradin Remini was taken and strangled and his head and quarters set upon the Gates of one of the chief Cities Michael Abassi is now in authority and the Country subdued which makes the Emperour fear an invasion of the Turks in Hungary and his hereditary Countryes wherefore he is now in Treaty with those Infidel Sclavonia hath on the South the Adriatick Sea on the west part of Italy Greece on the southeast and Hungary on the north part of it belongs to the Turk some to the Venetian Estate some to the Hungarians and some to the Austrians The arms Argent a Cardinals Hat the strings meeting in bsae Gules perpendant and placed in a true lovers knot there are four Arch-Bishops twenty six Bishops In a part of this Country called then Epirus but losing now its name with its Liberty under the Turkish Yoke was born that famous Warriour Scanderbâ—…g the Scourge of the Turks whose bones he being dead the Turks long time after took out of his grave and made them Meddals and Rings therewith there are few of this whole Nation left that have any spark of their Ancestors Spirit or valour against their Tyrannical Masters but onely a People called the Morlacks who valiantly side with the Venetians and are a great assistance to them in keeping that footing they have in Dalmatia The rest are buried im their slavery and by the heaviness of their Fetters are so benummed that they stir not a hand either in holding it up to Heaven or in putting it out to the aid of others who would endeavour their redemption so that the Country may better be called Slavonia Greece once a Mother of Learning and Arts now the Den of the Turkish Empire who hath its
abode at Constantinople it is bounded on the west with the Adriatick Sea on the north with the Mountain Hemus on the south with the the Mediterranean Sea and on the east Egypt Hellespont Propontis The commodities brought from hence are Gold Silver Copper divers Colours Wines and Velvets Damask and Turkish Grogram Their Religion hath in it some substantial error as that they deny that the Holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father and the Son they hold also baptism of Fire to be necessary yet they resist the authority of the Bishop of Rome This Greece that once had the Empire of the World the great Mistress of Arts and Arms is degenerated into the like base servility of minde with their neighbours of Sclavonia Here also the Gospel shone in its first purity the seven Candlesticks being placed here as we read in the beginning of the Revelations and now is universally over-spread with the thick darkness of Mahometisme Nothing left to comfort them in their Condition but their Vines and the Proverb The Merry Greeks that arose from the wretchless stupidity and carelessness of their Condition which they know no better to put out of their mind than by making themselves Beasts metamorphosing themselves from Slavery into Brutality nor are they falsly taxed with Bestiality that crying sin of Sodomy So that there is little hope left of their recovering their liberty who are fettered in the chaius of such abominable impieties And thus now have I finished Europe the first Part of the World The Names of the greatest and most Famous Cities and Rivers in Europe IN Italy the Cities of Genoa Milan Venice Florence Rome Bologne and Naples the Rivers most famous are Arnus Tibur and Po. The Cities in France that are most famous are Amiens Roven Paris Troyes Nanles Orleans Diion Lyons Burdeoux Toulose Marsâ—…illes Grenoble Auvergne the Rivers that are most remarkable are the Loyre the Garone the Rhone the Seyne The Cities in Spain that do most prefer themselves to observation are Toledo Madrid Leon Pampelune Bilbo Priede Saint Iames of Compostella Lisbone Fax Siville Grenade Mursy Sarragosa Barcelona and Valentia the Rivers there most famous are the Dower the River of Tagus the Gadian and the Guadelguiner The Cities in England that be most famous are London York Bristol the Rivers most famous are the Thames the Severn the River of Humber and the Ouze The Cities in Scotland most famous are Edinborough Sterlin Aberden and Saint Andrews the most famous River is the River of Tay. The most famous City in Ireland is Dublin and the greatest River is the River of Shannon The chiefest Cities in the Netherlands belonging to the Catholicks are Metz Besancon Cambeyr Antwerp the chief City belonging to the united States is Amsterdam the two most famous Rivers are the River of Scheld and the River Mosa The most famous Cities in Germany are Strasbâ—…rough Colen Munster Norimberg Ausburgh Nuremberg Vienna Prague Dresden Berlin Stetin and Lubeck the chiefest Rivers are the Rhine the Weser the Elbe the Odor and the 〈◊〉 The most famous Cities in Denmark are Coppenhague and Trondon the chiefest River is the Wezer The chiefest Cities in Swedeland are Calmer Stockholm Abâ—… and Riga the last whereof is in Livonia but now in the possession of the King of Sweden the most famous River is the River of Torn The chiefest Cities of Russia are Muscow Woldimar Saint Michael the Arch-Angel Cazan and Astracan the most famous Rivers are the Dwine the Volga the Don or Tana The most famous Cities in Poland are Cracovia Warsovia Dantzick Vilna Diâ—…n 〈◊〉 and Smolenscâ—… which is part of Muscovy and now again in the possession of the Great Duke the chiefest Rivers in Poland are the Vistuâ—…a or Weisser the Nieper the Duna or the Niester and the Boresthenes The chiefest Cities in Hungary Transylvania Valachia Moldavia and little Tartary are Buda Presborough Hermonstade Tergovius Czucham or Sozow Craffa and Burgos the chiefest Rivers are the Drin the River of Oxfeus or Aâ—…feus the Rivers of Peneus the Vardax the Marize and the Danubius The chief Cities of Transylvania are Weysenlurg Clausenburg and Waradin The most famous Cities in Dacia are Trieste and Pedena The most famous Cities in Bohemia are Prague Cuttenburgh Pilzen and Budrozis The most famous Cities at this time in Greece Buda Salonique Andrianopolis Scutary Durazzo La Valone L Armire Prevezza Larta Lepanto Setino or Athens Stines or Thebes Corinth Patras Misira or Lacedemonia which are all now in the possession of the Turks The most famous Cities in Bosnia are Iucyza Bagnalour Fruansaray in Croatia is the famous City of Whitz The chiefest Cities in Sclavonia are Nona Zara Nonigrad Tinu Sebenico St. Nicolo Trau Spalato Salonâ—… 〈◊〉 Starigrad Vesiechio Catara Buda and Dolcigno The most famous City in Walachia is called Tergovis and in Moldavia Zaczow In the Land of Sicily there are the famous Cities of Messina and Palermo in the Island of Sardinia the City of Calari and in Corsica the City Bastic The renowned Cities in Romania are Constantinople and Adrianopolis Asia ASia is now the second part of the World separated from Europe by the floods Tanais and Duina and from Africa by the narrow part of Lod de lakis and the Red-Sea bordering on Aegypt It is bigger then Europe or Africa and doth far exceed them in riches as Precious-Stones and Spices This Region hath been renowned by the first and second Monarchs of the World There was Man Created placed in Paradise Seduced by Satan and Redeemed by our Saviour In this part was done most of the Histories mentioned in the Old Testament and many things also in the New the eminent Persons that have the Rule of Asia are the Kings of China the King of Persia the great Turk the King of India or Indosthan the King of Portugal the King of Iapan and the Emperour of Russia Tartaria is bordered upon the north Sea eastward upon the Sea of China southward upon the Provinces of China and India with the flood Oxdo and the Sea Mare Caspium and towards the west with the flood Mare Steneum and Moscovia The Tartarians as they are divided into certain Kingdomes Principalities and Commoalties or Colonies one from another so they differ in manners and trade of life They are Men of a square stature broad and gross faces their eyes sunk into their heads and looking somewhat asquint they are strong of body and hardy they eat Horses and all other Beasts except Hogs howsoever they are slain The Crim or Precopense Tartar is the greatest and most Potent Prince in this vast and uncultivated Territory He is next Heir to the Ottoman Family of the Great Turk if the Male-line should fail to whose service he is alwayes ready bound to attend on the designs of the Turks upon Christendome The other Chief is called the Czeremise Tartar of whom came that famous Conquerour the great Tamberlaine who over-ran all Asia Their greatest War now is either with