the Eastern and Western Poynts of Attraction in the Globe of the Moon to different Poynts in the restrial Globe Now supposing the Moon in the Horrizon and then she draws by the Lines H I. you may imagine innumerable Lines of Attraction more either from the Moon to the Earth or from the Earth to the Moon 't is the same thing for Magnetisme must be from a propension or mutual iuclination in both Bodies the Moon in this place can give the Earth no Motion for as I said before she is now in the Centre of the Poynt of Attraction and so can give the Earth no Motion But about an hour after this the Moon will be 15 degrees above the Horizon and then she draws by the Lines K. L. Now you may observe that the Line L. reaches 15. degrees West from the Mer idian and then the Moon must have influence upon all those Western Points of Attraction that are between that Poynt and the Meridian And on the contrary the Line K. Terminates in a Poynt 15. degrees West trom the opposite Poynt of the Meridian so that the Moon can have no influence upon all those Eastern Points of Attraction that are between the Termination of the Line K. and the Meridian But the Magnetick vertue being weak in Poynts so remote from the Centre the Moon notwithstanding this impediment by the advantage of drawing by Lines a little more upright from all those other more powerful Poynts gives the Earth little Motion from East to West And for the same reason continues and increases the Motion as she rises till she is South East and then she draws by the Lines M. N. both these Lines terminate in Poynts equally distant between the Horizantal and Meredian Line that is in the North East and South West Poynts of the Globe where note that when the Moon comes to be vertical to either of those Poynts she gives the Earth as great a Motion as she does at the Poynt she is now in So that now the contest is at the highest for though the Moon here is more advantageously plac't to give the Earth Motion from East to West then at any time since she appeared above the Horizon yet the advantage she has gained upon the Western-side of the Globe is now so great that here the motion of the Earth is Arrested so that as the Moon from this Poynt move towards the Meredian the Earth declynes again for as the Moon in rising above the Horizon gradually increastthemotion of the Earth till she was South-East so now after the same proportion it is abated as the Moon from the South East move towards the Meridian The nearer the Moon aproaches the Meredian the more advantage she has of drawing from the Western Poynt of Attraction and just so much as she gains upon that side she must lose upon the contrary so that the Earth now must move back again from West to East and by the same easie degrees as it was rais'd returns to its place as all other Magnetick Bodies do when that which forces them from their designed Stations or desired places is either removed to such places as renders it less powerful or altogether ineffectual But to proceed The Earth now has had but three hours motion from East to West nor will it ever have a greater motion then now from East to West or the contrary yet hereafter the motion will constantly be six hours from east to west and from west to east for observe that the first three hours of the motion is alwayes that three hours time in which the Earth is returning to its place from which the Moon before had made it vary As now all the time the Moon is moving from the South-east to the Meridian the Earths motion for the reason before said will be back again from West to east and when the Moon has reacht the Meridian then will the Earth be at its Level and just as it was six hours before when the Moon was in the Horizon for now the Moon being equally plac't between the points of Attraction draws by the Lines O. P. and so must have the same advantage of drawing from the one as from the other But now though the Earth be at its Level yet the motion ceases not for as you can no sooner say the Moon is in the Meridian but that she is out of it again so this Motion is not interrupted for a moment of time The Moon no sooner leaves the Meridian but by the same easie motion that she rais'd the eastern-side of the Globe she now attracts and turns up the Western side and by that means continues the motion from west to east till she is South-west for the Moon must gain just as much Advantage as she moves West from the Meridian till she is South-west by approaching every moment nearer the Western Point of Attraction and being further removed from the contrary as she lost for the same reason in moving from the South-east to the Meridian Then now the earth has had six hours motion from west to east for it began three hours before the Moon reacht the meridian by letting fall the eastern side of the Globe and was continued till the moon was three hours past the meridian by turing up of the contrary side And now the motion will be back again the next six hours from east to west for look how much advantage the moon gained by drawing by lines successively more upright as she moved from the Horizon to the South-east so much she now must lose by drawing by lines more declining as she moves from the South-west to the Horizon So that as the moon from the south-South-west declines towards the Horizon the motion of the Earth must be back again from east to west and when the moon shall be in the Horizon then will the earth be at its Level and just as it was when the moon was in the opposite point of the Heavens But now as when the moon was in the meridian the motion ceases not for the moon without the least stay draws down the western side of the Globe and after the same manner and for the same reason continues the motion from east to west for six hours that is till the moon is three hours beneath the Horizon or North-west The same order is observ'd as the Moon moves round the Globe for the next six hours the motion will be back again from west to east If I have not exprest my self so as to make you master of my thoughts take a Loadstone made Spherical set it upon its Poles and carry another with a very easie motion in a Circle round it and you may see I doubt not this motion very exactly and as the saying is to the life represented And that you may not think me so much wanting as wholly to neglect a tryal you may know that when I had well considered the excellent agreement between the motion of the Earth as I had
circle 'T is the same with the Sun and Moon about 14 days after this the Sun will be in the middle of Cancer and the Moon about the middle of Capricorn in Opposition with the Sun which is the same thing as if they were in the same circle and describe circles so much greater and by that advantage give the Earth a greater motion so that this spring tide must be a little higher then that that happened 14 days before And so every time the Moon shall be in Conjunction or Opposition with the Sun they will yet describe greater circles and by that means give the earth a greater Motion and accordingly the spring-tides will increase till the Sun has reacht the Equator And then being carried directly over the Body of the Earth in the greatest circle they must needs be thought to give the Earth and Seas the greatest motion So that now the spring-tides are at the very highest for now they will for the same reason decrease again till the Sun is in Capricorn and the next quarter increase c. And this without doubt is the only cause why the spring-tides are higher in March and September and lower in June and December I have endeavoured to inform my self how much the spring-tides are higher when the Sun is in the Equator then when in the Solstices and by the nearest Observation I could make here at London there is the difference of near two foot but I am not so well satisfied in it as I desire It will not be amiss to give you notice here that you shall hardly meet with two men that agree at what time the Spring Tides are at the highest I mean those Spring Tides that happen at New and Full-Moon some saying upon the day the Moon is in Conjunction or Opposition some the next day others will have it the third Tide after by which it should seem the time is not fixt I am in the mind that for one half of the year the Tides may increase a day or more after Full and Change but not the other half That is from June to September and from December till March my reason for it is this in these quarters the Sun is returning from the Tropicks to the Equators and then though the Sun a day after full and change do less assist the Moon in giving the Earth motion then upon the day yet it is so very little less that the disadvantage is more than recompenc'd by the Moons discribing the day after having a very swift motion a greater Circle about the Earth As the Sun goes from the Equator to the Tropick it is quite contrary for then the day after full and change the Moon describes a lesser Circle than the day before and then the Tides should not increase after New and Full-Moon at least not so long I have made some agreeable observations about this but have not had time for a strict inquiry though I have long thought of it Those that live near this or any other River that Ebbs and Flows may easily inform themselves whether this be so or no. But now besides these alterations of the Seas it must follow upon this motion of the Earth first that when the Tides rise highest they must fall lowest Secondly That the Tides in all Seas must set East and West and Thirdly That the motion of the Seas must begin at the same time all over the World The first of these you may at your pleasure observe and you shall alwayes find that the highest spring Tide makes the lowest Ebb. And all experimene'd men know the Tides set directly East and West upon all the utmost Eastern and Western Shores in the World And I think that Learned men are agreed that the motion begins at the same time in all Seas Thus much is certain that when the Moon is south-South-west or in the opposite Point of the Heavens that is North-east it is alwaies high-water upon all the utmost open western Shores of Europe and Affrica from Nova Zembla to the Cape of Good-hope And that when the Moon is South-east or North-west it is high-water upon the utmost Eastern Shores of America So that when it is high-water upon the first named it must be low-water upon the other Shores When they have the first of Ebb upon the Western Shores of Europe and Affrica they must have the first of Flood upon the opposite Eastern Shores of America By which it is plain that the motion begins at the same time in all these Seas and that what we call the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea is nothing but the falling of the waters from off the Western upon the Eastern Shores and the same back again every 6 hours But further when it is high-water upon the Western Shores of Europe and Affrica it is high-water at the same time upon the Western Shores of Italy and upon the Shores of Syria at the bottom of the Mediteranean Sea and take good notice of it when it is high-water upon those Shores it is low-water at Venice and on the contrary Now this I take to be a very forceable argument to prove the motion of the Earth as I have supposed it and then the motion must begin at the same time in all Seas for it is unconceivable how this should otherwise happen but if you shall fancy the Terraqueous Globe to have a little motion from West to East you will then say that it must make high-water upon all the first named Shores and low-water at Venice But then let the Eastern side be turned up and it must make high-water at Venice and low-water upon all the other Shores The instances that may be taken out of this and other Seas to confirm this motion of the Earth are every where so many and so obvious that they cannot escape your notice if you will but take the least pains to inquire into these things Nor can you I think meet with any thing that shall seem to contradict it A reason now should be given Why upon some Shores they have almost no Tides when upon others they have great and almost incredible Floods I will onely name some of those places that are most remarkable for great Tides or the contrary without attempting to give a reason why it is so being almost confident that when you have observed those places well you will say that the Earth having such a motion it must of necessity be so I will begin in the North parts of Europe In some Bays upon the Shores of Nova Zembla it Flows 12. or 14 foot but in some places upon the Neighbouring Shores of Lapland they have no Tides at all and where they have most which is as I remember near the Bay of St. Nicholas one two or three foot Pet and Jackman searching for a passage by the North east to India found the waters in some of the Bays upon this Coast to be black and like a standing Pool without Motion Note that there are
supposed it and the Seas It came presently in my mind that by making a light Globe and setting it upon its Poles so tenderly ballanc't that it might but just have a Tendancy the same way I might inform my self by the help of a Loadstone which would admirably suppply the moons place by drawing by invisible lines what motion the stone carried in a circle round the Globe would give it and how it would agree with the motion I had suppos'd the earth to have but unexpected and succeeding troubles kept me at least three years otherways imploy'd but then I made a Globe about seven Inches in Diameter with three small Osier Hoops representing the Equator Horizantal and meridian lines through the Centre of this srom east to west I fixt an Axis of such Wyer as Mariners Needles are made of and upon the ends of the VVyer which did but just appear through the Hoops I Riveted two thin pieces of Iron each about an Inch long pointed I carried this Globe to a mathematical Instrument-maker that was master of a stone for I had none of my own and upon tryal found that holding the stone either in the east or west points or meridian-line it gave it no motion which I never doubted but if it varied never so little from those points either from east to west or the contrary it gave the Globe motion accordingly but for want of an Arch to keep the stone in all points at the same distance from the Globe I could not precisely observe at what point between the Horizontal and meridian lines it had its greatest motion which was the chief thing I made the tryal for But the Satisfaction I received by this made me resolve upon a second with a Globe more artificially made but unwelcom accidents have kept me from an opportunity to this day If any man shall think it worth his trouble I doubt not but that he may adjust such a Globe as I have been speaking of so as to represent this motion exactly enough Only let the Equator be made in all parts of an equal weight for that that I made was so heavy in the East and West points that when the stone came near the Meridian the Globe would decline with a motion somewhat too quick except I held the Stone very near and then it carried the Globe round with it It s not to be questioned but That this Motion of the Earth must make two Tides upon all Shores every 24 hours or in the space of time the Moon is moving round our Globe AS before let the Moon be in the Horizon East and this to be the first time of her going round our Globe the Earth and all Seas now without motion When the Moon takes her first steps above the Horizon she at the same time gives the earth Motion by turning it a little in the Centre from East to West this must cause an inequality in the surface of the water and that presently produces a motion so that now the Indian Atlantick and Paciffick Seas first began to move and at the same time take their course West the waters leaving the now higher western and failing upon the lower Eastern Shores and this Motion is continued till the Moon is South-East and then is it high-water and the first flood upon all Eastern low-water and the first Ebb upon all Western Shores Now this Tide was but three hours for it wanted three hours from a preceding motion but hereafter every Tide will be exactly six hours For now as the Moon from the South-east moves towards the Meridian the Earth returns to its level moving back again from West to East and now all Seas take their first journey East leaving the Eastern and falling upon the forsaken Western Shores and when the Moon has reacht the Meridian then will the Earth and Seas be at their first level but now the Motion seakes not for as the Moon in her never-ceasing motion leaves the Meridian and hastes away to the West so the motion of the Earth and Seas Eastward is continuedfor three hours longer that is till the Moon is South-west the Moon giving the Earth just as much motion now from East to West then this Tide was exactly six hours And now the Seas will take their course West again for as the Moon from the South-west declines towards the Horizon she lets fall the Western side of the Globe and then all Seas haste away to wash and fill the empty Eastern Shores And this motion is continued till the Moon is 45 degrees beneath the Horizon or North-west and then it will be high-water and the Second flood upon the Eastern and low-water and the second Ebb upon the Western Shores The next six hours the motion of the Earth and waters will be back again from West to East that is till the Moon is north-North-east and then will they have had two flood upon the Western and as many Ebbs upon the Eastern Shore And when about three hours after this the Moon shall be in the Horizon that is the same point of the Heavens she was in when the motion began then shall the Earth and Seas be at their Level the waters being just as high upon all shores now as then But though the waters now are neither higher nor lower upon the shores then when the motion began yet now it will be called half Flood upon the eastern and half Ebb upon the Western shores for that three hours before by a preceeding motion of the Earth the waters were so much higher upon the latter and so much lower upon the former then they were 24 hours before Then the three hours Flood and Ebb that was then wanting upon those shores is now made good So that in the space of 24 hours there has been two compleat Tides upon all Shores This is an order establisht by Nature plain and without Mystery it s but a gentle Rocking of the Earth in the Centre from East to West and west to east and though it may be hard to say precisely how much motion from east to west or the contrary the Moon gives the earth yet without troubling your head you may conclude it to be very little for let it be supposed that upon indifferent shores the water rises ten foot which yet is more then some will allow five foot of this is not to be acconuted for the first three hours of every Flood is but the return of the same water that by a contrary motion of the Earth first fell from those Shores For if the Earth was to keep its Level without motion the waters would be constantly as high upon all shores as they are when we say it is half flood or Ebb abating but so much as by the advantage of falling upon shores that have a smooth and easie assent or into Bays that open with wide mouths and after are contracted into narrow Corners or for some other manifest cause they are made to mount Now then