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A28285 The longitude not found, or, An answer to a treatise written by Henry Bond, Senior, shewing a way to find the longitude by the magnetical inclinatory needle wherein is proved that the longitude is not, nor cannot be found by the magnetical inclinatory needle / by Peter Blackborrow, Gent. Blackborow, Peter. 1678 (1678) Wing B3061; ESTC R18678 19,441 81

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THE Longitude not found OR AN ANSWER TO A TREATISE Written By Henry Bond Senior shewing a way to find the LONGITUDE BY THE Magnetical Inclinatory NEEDLE WHEREIN Is proved That the LONGITUDE is not nor cannot be found by the Magnetical Inclinatory NEEDLE By Peter Blackborrow Gent. Licensed March 14. 1677 8. Ro. L'Estrange LONDON Printed for Robert Harford at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1678. THE PREFACE WHen I first met with Mr. Bond 's Book I was in good hope to have found the Work answerable to the Title the Author being reputed not without desert skilful in Mathematical Learning But when I found his Doctrine want Demonstration an Excellency in the Mathematicks above all other Sciences Inseparable for what is Truth therein may always be demonstrated to be so I began to doubt that instead of so useful a Discourse as he pretended to he might not only be deceived himself but might also mislead others in the search thereof This made me take upon me the Examination of the Work which I profess to have done with that care and integrity which is necessary in such an Vndertaking And I do unfeignedly declare that I am sorry for the Authors sake to find his Propositions unsound and his Examples incertain But let Truth be always True the whole Foundation of his Work is only an Airy Imagination and the Superstructure is made up of false Suppositions and impossible Conclusions A short Prospect whereof I have inserted here for instant sake from his own Examples leaving the fuller Demonstration thereof to the ensuing Treatise First the Author pretends that the Magnetical Poles are distant from the Poles of the Earth by an Oblique Angle which Angle is proved to be a false supposition and cannot be demonstrated upon the Globe But if it should be granted him that the Magnetick Pole were 8 d. 30 m. from the Pole of the Earth in the year 1580. then it is proved that the Magnetical Poles are found to be so by the Variation that was at Vaygats and London in the year 1580. So that the Magnetical Pole must be as various as the Variation in regard it cannot be found without it Then the Caroline Table being Calculated by the distance of the Magnetical Poles from the Poles of the Earth is useless in regard it is proved that the Magnetick Pole is as various as the Variation And in the next place the Author pretends to find that the Magnetical Pole of the Meridian of London is gone to the Eastwards from his Observation made at Ballasore and here he produceth the Longitude by the Practical Part of the Mathematicks at Sea by Journal to correct his Observations by the Inclinatory Needle Mr. Bond begs the Question Let the Angle W P N be 6 d. 00 m. that the Magnetical Meridian is gone to the Eastward when it is proved to be 37 d. 59 m. So likewise in the case of Cape Charles and in the Straits of Magellan and all places Westwards of the Meridian of the Lizard Mr. Bond begs the Question Let S K P F represent the Meridian of the Lizard which is 4 d. 12 m. to the Eastwards of the Magnetical Colure as appears by his Demonstration which Angle at Cape Charles is found to be above 50 d. and not 4 d. 12 m. and the Angle at the Straits at Magellan is found to be above 38 d. 00 m. and not 4 d. 12 m. I have omited to put down Mr. Bond 's Demonstration to prove his Errors in regard it would produce many Cuts but those that would be better satisfied may take the same Method I used in the Case of Ballasore where Mr. Bond says let the Angle W P N be 6 d. that the Magnetick Pole is gone from the Meridian of London when the Angle is proved to be 37 d. 59 m. And farther it is proved where two places differing in Latitude under one and the same Meridian of the Earth that the Angle at the Pole doth alter whereas all places under one and the same Meridian have one and the same Longitude And whereas Mr. Bond has altered the Meridian of the Azores and has made London the Meridian from whence Longitude shall begin at Longitude 00 d. 00 m. It is proved from Mr. Bond 's own Observation that London should have Longitude Then the Magnetical Inclinatory Needle is not in proportion to the Meridian of London or any certain Meridian of the Earth And last of all the Author supposeth the Magnetical Poles in the Air some small distance from the Earth which as he says may be a great reason of the Motion of the Earth and to that end he has drawn his Spheres accordingly But I have proved that Mr. Bond 's Question between Ballasore and London is to be demonstrated from the Globe of the Earth So that all Questions that have the like Matter have the like Demonstration then why should we fancy the Magnetick Poles in the Air And farther I have added a small Treatise proving by several Observations and Demonstrations that the Earth is the Center of the Starry Heaven and that it has no Motion upon its Axis and for any one to pretend the Earth to have a Motion from West to East it is only imagination for there is no Observation to prove it I know there are many men of a contrary opinion but I would have such men to produce Observation and Demonstration to prove the contrary I shall say no more in this place but refer to the Work it self where if I have also erred I shall gladly receive admonition from the Learned but if I have not I hope my Native Country will not take it unkindly that I have discovered a dangerous Error which if followed and relyed upon would have been of fatal Consequence Peter Blackborrow THE LONGITUDE Not found by the Inclinatory Needle In Answer to Mr. Bonds first Question in finding the Distance between London and Vaygats and from thence to find the Distance of the Magnetical Pole from the Pole of the Earth LOndon Latitude 51 d. 32 m. North London Longitude 00 d. 00 m. Vaygats Latitude 70 d. 00 m. North Longitude 58 d. 00 m. Westwards of the Meridian of London to find the Distance between London and Vaygats L V and the Angle P L V and the Angle P V L. In this Triangle we have P L the Co-latitude of London 38 d. 28 m. and P V the Co-latitude of Vaygats 20 d. 00 m. And the Angle L P V 58 d. 00 m. the difference of Longitude by Journal between Vaygats and London to find L V the Distance 31 d. 57 m. and the Angle P L V 33 d. 14 m. and the Angle P V L 94 d. 30 m. And from the Angle L P V Mr. Bond draws an Arch as P M V and makes that an Angle of 8 d. 38 m the Angle P M V L an Angle of 85 d. 52 m. and then Mr. Bond draws another Arch
Sampson 's River Latitude 04 22 North. Longitude 30 28 East Inclination 22 09 North. Old Caliber Latitude 04 50 North. Longitude 19 51 East Inclination 23 09 North. New Caliber Latitude 04 40 North. Longitude 18 12 East Inclination 23 06 North. River of Gambo Latitude 12 47 North. Longitude 07 41 West Inclination 37 54 North. Cape de Verd Latitude 14 25 North. Longitude 12 21 West Inclination 58 28 North. Tangier Latitude 35 36 North. Longitude 03 35 West Inclination 62 39 North. Gibralter Latitude 36 40 North. Longitude 03 18 West Inclination 03 29 North. Malago Latitude 36 45 North. Longitude 02 17 West Inclination 63 33 North. Alegant Latitude 38 20 North. Longitude 01 50 East Inclination 65 10 North. Leagorn Latitude 43 28 North. Longitude 12 39 East Inclination 68 01 North. Galipolie Latitude 40 08 North. Longitude 21 40 East Inclination 65 03 North. Rome Latitude 41 50 North. Longitude 15 45 East Inclination 66 43 North. Naples Latitude 41 08 North. Longitude 17 27 East Inclination 66 05 North. Venice Latitude 45 37 North. Longitude 17 21 East Inclination 69 17 North. Constantinople Latitude 40 56 North. Longitude 35 09 East Inclination 64 35 North. Alexandria Latitude 30 40 North. Longitude 36 04 East Inclination 55 39 North. Tunis Latitude 36 30 North. Longitude 03 54 East Inclination 63 05 North. Argier Latitude 36 40 North. Longitude 05 30   Inclination 63 14 North. Middle of Cyprus Latitude 34 18 North. Longitude 37 45   Inclination 58 54 North. Middle of Candia Latitude 35 08 North. Longitude 28 32 East Inclination 60 29 North. Middle of Corsica Latitude 42 05 North. Longitude 11 43 East Inclination 67 08 North. Middle of Scisilia Latitude 37 42 North. Longitude 16 45 East Inclination 63 26 North. Maiyork Latitude 39 38 North. Longitude 05 48 East Inclination 65 32 North. Cales Latitude 36 22 North. Longitude 04 00 West Inclination 63 16 North. Lisbon Latitude 39 08 North. Longitude 06 30 West Inclination 65 28 North. Cape Finister Latitude 43 10 North. Longitude 08 19 West Inclination 69 07 North. Burdeaux Latitude 45 10 North. Longitude 00 20 East Inclination 69 26 North. Rochell Latitude 46 17 North. Longitude 00 30 West Inclination 70 27 North. Nants Latitude 47 41 North. Longitude 01 09 West Inclination 71 27 North. Jarzey Latitude 49 30 North. Longitude 01 00 West Inclination 71 34 North. Garnzey Latitude 49 43 North. Longitude 02 35 West Inclination 72 41 North. Callice Latitude 51 13 North. Longitude 01 52 East Inclination 73 34 Antwerp Latitude 51 37 North. Longitude 04 37 East Inclination 73 48 North. Amsterdam Latitude 52 40 North. Longitude 04 37 East Inclination 74 22 North. Hamborough Latitude 54 04 North. Longitude 08 02 East Inclination 75 05 North. Copenhagen Latitude 56 17 North. Longitude 09 54 East Inclination 76 18 North. Elsenore Latitude 56 40 North. Longitude 09 57 East Inclination 76 33 North. Gotland Latitude 58 20 North. Longitude 15 58 East Inclination 77 14 North. Cape Blanco in New-found Land Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 51 00 West Inclination 72 24 North. Trinity Bay Latitude 55 54 North. Longitude 54 28 West Inclination 70 32 North. In the Sound Shorham Latitude 58 58 North. Longitude 21 06 East Inclination 77 48   Stockholm Latitude 58 49 North. Longitude 14 42 East Inclination 77 42 North. Scarlet Island Latitude 56 40 North. Longitude 10 38 East Inclination 76 31 North. Long Sound Latitude 58 07 North. Longitude 07 30 East Inclination 77 28 North. Naze of Norway Latitude 58 00 North. Longitude 05 00 East Inclination 77 29 North. Cats Ness Latitude 61 54 North. Longitude 02 42 East Inclination 79 43 North. North Cape of Finmark Latitude 71 22 North. Longitude 16 42 East Inclination 84 09 North. Archangel Latitude 63 22 North. Longitude 21 22 East Inclination 79 27 North. Cape Blanco in New-found Land Latitude 37 32 North. Longitude 39 36 West Inclination 72 24 North. Trinity Bay Latitude 48 55 North. Longitude 54 28 West Inclination 70 32 North. Cape Razo Latitude 46 28 North. Longitude 51 54 West Inclination 69 05 North. Cape Cod in New England Latitude 42 20 North. Longitude 66 56 West Inclination 64 44 North. Boston Latitude 43 38 North. Longitude 70 00 West Inclination 64 57 North. New Plymouth Latitude 42 08 North. Longitude 68 01 West Inclination 64 32 North. Cape Charles in Virginia Latitude 37 39 North. Longitude 70 00 West Inclination 60 00 North. Trinity Harbour Latitude 36 00 North. Longitude 68 30 West Inclination 59 26 North. Bermudas Latitude 23 20 North. Longitude 54 36 West Inclination 57 41 North. New Island of Providence Latitude 25 25 North. Longitude 70 00 West Inclination 48 39 North. Hispaniola Latitude 18 50 North. Longitude 70 22 West Inclination 40 23 North. Cuba Latitude 22 00 North. Longitude 81 20 West Inclination 24 37 North. Barbados Latitude 13 10 North. Longitude 58 24 West Inclination 34 21 North. Jamaica Latitude 18 15 North. Longitude 78 21 West Inclination 38 04 North. Suranam Latitude 05 55 North. Longitude 55 16 West Inclination 23 01 North. In Ireland     d. m.   Dublin Latitude 53 32 North. Longitude 07 20 West Inclination 75 08 North. Wexford Latitude 52 33 North. Longitude 07 08 West Inclination 74 31 North. Waterford Latitude 52 30 North. Longitude 07 48 West Inclination 74 30 North. Cork Latitude 51 10 North. Longitude 08 20 West Inclination 73 32 North. Kings Sail Latitude 51 52 North. Longitude 08 32 West Inclination 74 07 North. Old Head of Kings Sail Latitude 51 40 North. Longitude 08 38 West Inclination 74 00 North. The Blaskets Latitude 52 15 North. Longitude 11 35 West Inclination 74 22 North. Lymbrick Latitude 53 04 North. Longitude 10 15 West Inclination 74 51 North. Galloway Latitude 53 40 North. Longitude 10 40 West Inclination 75 13 North. In Scotland     d. m.   Leith Latitude 56 03 North. Longitude 03 15 West Inclination 76 33 North. Aberdeen Latitude 57 42 North. Longitude 02 55 West Inclination 77 18 North. Isles of Orkney Latitude 58 50 North. Longitude 03 22 West Inclination 77 35 North. In England     d. m.   Barwick Latitude 55 49 North. Longitude 02 45 West Inclination 76 24 North. Westchester Latitude 53 37 North. Longitude 04 20 West Inclination 75 09 North. Newcastle Latitude 54 58 North. Longitude 02 10 West Inclination 75 53 North. Glocester Latitude 52 03 North. Longitude 02 45 West Inclination 74 15 North. Bristol Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 02 50 West Inclination 73 51 North. The Lands end Latitude 50 20 North. Longitude 05 58 West Inclination 73 10 North. The Lizard Latitude 50 10 North. Longitude 05 24 West Inclination 73 02 North. Plymouth Latitude 50 36 North. Longitude 04 33 West Inclination 73 17 North. Portsmouth Latitude 51 08 North. Longitude 01 00 West Inclination 72 52 North. Dover Latitude 51 25 North. Longitude 01 00 East Inclination 73 41 North. London Latitude 51 32 North. Longitude 00 00   Inclination 73 47 North. To prove the Earth the Centure of the Starry Heaven and not to have any Inclination towards the Poles as Copernicus would have it THe Earth by observation keeps its Parallels with the Starry Heaven all the year without alteration for by observation that Star that is in the Equinoctial part of the Heaven is always in the Equinoctial part of the Earth so likewise take all the Stars in their s everal Parallels to the Poles from the Equinoctial and you will find they keep their Parallels with the Earth for ever We need not go to the Equinoctial part of the Earth to prove the Earth to keep her Parallels with the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven For observe in this Parallel or Latitude of London 51 d. 30 m. the Amplitude of any Star in the Equinoctial either upon his Rising or Setting and you shal find his Amplitude to be East or West of you for ever in this Parallel or any other Likewise observe the Meridian Altitude of any Star in the Equinoctial in this Parallel or Latitude 51 d. 30 m. and you shall find his Meridian Altitude to be the Elevation of the Equinoctial for ever in this Parallel or Latitude And by daily observations we find the Sun to alter his Amplitude and Meridian Altitudes and Parallels with the Starry Heaven and Earth And we find the Starry Heaven to keep his Parallels with the Earth always in regard the Stars keep their Meridian Altitudes and Amplitudes with the Earth without alteration But if we should admit the Sun the Center of the Starry Heaven and the Earth should have her Declination towards her Poles then the Sun must be always in the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven and the Sun must have the same Amplitudes and Meridian Altitudes with the Stars in the Equinoctial in all Parallels And then the Sun and all the Stars in Heaven should have a daily Calculation of the Declination of the Earth as the Earth shall alter her Parallels by Inclining or Declining towards her Poles And it is proved by observation that the Equinoctial part of the Starry Heaven is always in the Equinoctial part of the Earth for the Meridian Altitude of the Stars in the Equinoctial is the Elevation of the Equinoctial in all Parallels Now there is a necessity that the Declination of the Sun should be Calculated for every day in the year in regard of his Declination towards his Pole 23 d. 30 m. which is the cause the Sun alters his Parallels and Amplitudes and Meridian Altitudes every day But for the Starry Heaven its Declination or Distance from the Equinoctial is the same for ever and keeps it Parallels with the Earth Another Example from the Sun to prove the Earth the Center of the Starry Heaven MOst Mathematicians hold that when the Sun is depressed below the Horizon 15 Degrees that Twylight appears upon the Horizon the